Health Information System Data Resourses

Diah IndrianiDepartemen Biostatistika dan Kependudukan

Fakultas Kesehatan MayarakatUniversitas Airlangga

Data and Information

Raw Data Informationstransformed

For decision making process in Health

Management System

Information Process

1. Data collection2. Data transmission3. Data processing4. Data analysis5. Presentation of information for use

in planning dan managing the health servise

Information ProcessData collection

Data transmission

Data processing

Data analysis

Presentation of information for use in

planning and managing the health servise

Resourses

Management

Organization rules

Health Information System Resourses

Person (eg : planners, managers, statisticians, epidemiologists, data collectors)

Hardware (eg : register, telephones, computers)

Software (eg : carbon paper, report forms, data processing program)

Financial resourses

Organizational Rules

The use of diagnostic and treatment procedure

Definition of staff responsibilities Supply management procedure Computer maintenance procedure etc

Type of Data

Qualitative Quantitative

Qualitative Quantitativetransformasi

Data Characteristics

1. Ownership and Relevance2. Validity and Reliability3. Aggregation of Data4. Customizing Information to Users’

needs5. Timeliness of Feedback

Ownership and Relevance Semua user informasi harus

mempunyai rasa kepemilikan terhadap data

Relevan dengan kebutuhan proses decision making

Validity and Reliability Data quality Reguler check (evaluasi) Tetap menjembatani antara data

quality dengan cost

Aggregation of Data

Yang sering terjadi, tapi seharusnya tidak boleh terjadi :

Data terlalu sedikit untuk menghasilkan informasi yang detail

Data over time (data tidak up to date)

Data over/less space/district

Process of Aggregation Data

Customizing Information to Users’ Need

Setiap level membutuhkan jenis/tingkatan informasi yang berbeda, oleh karena itu SIK harus menyiapkan banyak infomasi sesuai kebutuhan setiap level

Level Information User

Type of Information Needed

Timeliness of Feedback Proses raw data informasi harus

tepat waktu agar proses decision making tidak terhambat

Feedback untuk evaluasi informasi menjadi up to date

Data Transmission

Vertical data transmissionBetween levels of health system

Horizontal data transmissionBetween actors and consumers at the same level

Feed back

Feed back

Data Transmission Type I

Data Transmission Type II

Data Transmission Type III

Comparation of Data Transmission Type Speed of data transmission Complexity Data quality Accessibility of information Cost Where in use

?

Type of vertical Type of vertical transmissiontransmission

Along administrative Along administrative structurestructure

By passed By passed administration administration

structurestructure

Wide area networkWide area network

Speed of data Speed of data transmissiontransmission

++ ++++ InstanInstan

ComplexityComplexity ++ ++++ ++++++++++

Data qualityData quality ++ ++++ ++++++

Accessibility Accessibility informationinformation

++ ++ ++++++

Where in use ?Where in use ? Most developing Most developing countrycountry

Some developing Some developing countrycountry

Exceptional in Exceptional in developing countrydeveloping country

Health Information System in Developing Countries

1. Database kurang lengkap2. Compile data hanya per minggu / per bulan3. Report tanpa feed back4. Data unhelpful management decision5. Data are incomplete, inaccurate, absolete,

unrelated to priority task, and functions of local health personnel

Akhirnya data menjadi kurang berguna

Irrelevance of the Information Gathered

Data yang dikumpulkan dan dilaporkan tidak sesuai dengan yang dibutuhkan

Data yang dikumpulkan hanya akan berguna pada tujuan manajemen secara parsial (misal : berguna pada level dokter, level pasien)

Poor Quality of Data Data dikumpulkan dan dilaporkan

tanpa kontrol dari technical skill of the health worker collecting of the data

Duplication and Waste Among Parallel Health Information System

Hal ini disebabkan oleh : Tidak ada garis struktural yang jelas

pada tiap-tiap level health system Sistem yang tercipta kurang teratur

(pemisahan subsistem-subsistem pada fungsi-fungsinya kurang jelas)

Kurang koordinasi

Lack of Timely Reporting and Feed Back

Data tidak up to date, hal ini disebabkan oleh proses transmitting, compiling, analyzing and presenting terlalu lama

Kurangnya penggunaan teknologi informasi (IT)

Poor Use of Information Karena data kurang berkualitas,

tidak up to date, obsolete, maka data tersebut tidak mendukung decision making proses data useless