The Safeways Model for The Safeways Model for Leveraging Law Enforcement Leveraging Law Enforcement with Community Building and with Community Building and

Long Term Crime Prevention Long Term Crime Prevention in Memphis and Shelby in Memphis and Shelby

CountyCounty

Crime, Victimization, and Crime, Victimization, and Social EquitySocial Equity

NNIP Oakland 2010NNIP Oakland 2010

Richard JanikowskiRichard JanikowskiCenter for Community Criminology and ResearchCenter for Community Criminology and Research

University of MemphisUniversity of Memphis

Phyllis BettsPhyllis BettsCenter for Community Building and Neighborhood Action Center for Community Building and Neighborhood Action

and InfoWorks Memphisand InfoWorks Memphis

University of Memphis University of Memphis

Crime Crime VictimizationVictimization is an Equity Issue is an Equity Issue

Victims of street crime are disproportionately Victims of street crime are disproportionately low income/poor and minoritylow income/poor and minority National Crime Victimization SurveyNational Crime Victimization Survey

Crime and victimization are disproportionately Crime and victimization are disproportionately distributed among urban neighborhoodsdistributed among urban neighborhoods

Reducing the probability of victimization and Reducing the probability of victimization and confronting disparities requires geographically confronting disparities requires geographically focused crime reduction effortsfocused crime reduction efforts

But . . . geographically focused efforts raise But . . . geographically focused efforts raise specter of racial profiling, harassment, and specter of racial profiling, harassment, and disparate enforcement impact on minority disparate enforcement impact on minority communitiescommunities

Thinking about EquityThinking about Equity

Equity Issue 1: Traditional law Equity Issue 1: Traditional law enforcement institutions and tactics enforcement institutions and tactics are fraught with inequityare fraught with inequity Crime suppression has disparate impact Crime suppression has disparate impact

on poor and minority communitieson poor and minority communities Equity Issue 2: Law enforcement has Equity Issue 2: Law enforcement has

traditionally provided better service traditionally provided better service to more affluent neighborhoodsto more affluent neighborhoods Too little attention to victimization in Too little attention to victimization in

poor and minority neighborhoodspoor and minority neighborhoods

A Note on Child VictimizationA Note on Child Victimization

High crime areas are child-richHigh crime areas are child-rich Children’s Children’s exposureexposure to violence to violence

highly consequential for child highly consequential for child development and development and long term crime long term crime preventionprevention

Memphis: High Probability of Child Exposure to Violence

Children Under 5 Children 5-17Census Tracts High in Violent Crime

# children

% of all children

# children

% of all children

Top 10% 13,070 21.5% 36,294 21.3%

Top 20% 21,381 35.1% 59,046 34.7%

Equity Issue 1Equity Issue 1 Dominates progressive discourseDominates progressive discourse Law enforcement does not address root Law enforcement does not address root

causes of crimecauses of crime Substantive long term crime prevention Substantive long term crime prevention

requiresrequires Ending racial discrimination and racial Ending racial discrimination and racial

profiling profiling Eradicating poverty and expanding Eradicating poverty and expanding

economic opportunityeconomic opportunity Equalizing education and youth Equalizing education and youth

development opportunitiesdevelopment opportunities Alternatives to traditional law enforcement: Alternatives to traditional law enforcement:

diversion, rehabilitation, and restorative diversion, rehabilitation, and restorative justice justice

Equity Issue 2Equity Issue 2

What What isis the appropriate response to the appropriate response to demands for safer neighborhoods demands for safer neighborhoods among poor and minority communities?among poor and minority communities?

Can you succeed with longer term Can you succeed with longer term crime prevention without elements of crime prevention without elements of crime suppression?crime suppression? Our answer: NoOur answer: No

Can you provide law enforcement that Can you provide law enforcement that is also responsive to Equity Issue 1?is also responsive to Equity Issue 1? Our answer: YesOur answer: Yes

Safeways Model BasicsSafeways Model Basics

““Public Health” approach to community safetyPublic Health” approach to community safety Tertiary suppression (arrest, prosecution, and Tertiary suppression (arrest, prosecution, and

disruption of criminal activity and criminal economy disruption of criminal activity and criminal economy and removal of negative role models) and removal of negative role models)

Secondary intervention (diversion and rehab as Secondary intervention (diversion and rehab as appropriate)appropriate)

Primary prevention (comprehensive developmental Primary prevention (comprehensive developmental alternatives to delinquency and criminal behavior)alternatives to delinquency and criminal behavior)

Safer communities now: a prerequisite Safer communities now: a prerequisite for longer term preventionfor longer term prevention

Map 1: 2008 Frequency of Part 1 Offenses by Census Block GroupMap 1: 2008 Frequency of Part 1 Offenses by Census Block Group

Map 61: January – June 2008 Frequency of Part 1 Offenses by Census Block Group with Apartment OverlayMap 61: January – June 2008 Frequency of Part 1 Offenses by Census Block Group with Apartment Overlay

Map 62: January – June 2008 Frequency of Part 1 Offenses by Census Block Group with Apartment OverlayMap 62: January – June 2008 Frequency of Part 1 Offenses by Census Block Group with Apartment Overlay

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MPD TASKFORCE OPERATIONS

MPD TASKFORCE OPERATIONS

MPD TASKFORCE OPERATIONS

SCSO WARRANT SWEEPS

MPD DART TEAM

SCSO OPERATIONS

SCSO OPERATIONS

OCU, CAT & PSN

2006:2009 Crime % Change: -33%

2006:2009 Violent Crime% Change: -28%

Homicides- 8/yr to 2/yr

2006:2009 Property Crime % Change: - 57%

Map 72: January – June 2008 Part 1 Crime Rate per 1000 by Census Block Group with Apartment OverlayMap 72: January – June 2008 Part 1 Crime Rate per 1000 by Census Block Group with Apartment Overlay

Map 74: January – June 2009 Part 1 Crime Rate per 1000 by Census Block Group with Apartment OverlayMap 74: January – June 2009 Part 1 Crime Rate per 1000 by Census Block Group with Apartment Overlay

Map 76: January – June 2010 Part 1 Crime Rate per 1000 by Census Block Group with Apartment OverlayMap 76: January – June 2010 Part 1 Crime Rate per 1000 by Census Block Group with Apartment Overlay

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RESULTSRESULTS

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OCU Operatio

n

Precinct Taskforc

e

Social Services

Safeways Model Operating AssumptionsSafeways Model Operating Assumptions

Apartment communities are Apartment communities are neighborhoodsneighborhoods with risks and assets with risks and assets Risks in too many apartment communities, especially lower Risks in too many apartment communities, especially lower

income, are growing and victimization is increasiningincome, are growing and victimization is increasining

Apartment communities typically lack the cohesion and Apartment communities typically lack the cohesion and commitment typical of homeowner-dominated neighborhoods commitment typical of homeowner-dominated neighborhoods

Multi-family business model does not necessary require long Multi-family business model does not necessary require long term commitment to quality and/or . . . term commitment to quality and/or . . .

Owners and managers may be unaware of strategies that could Owners and managers may be unaware of strategies that could reduce crime and enhance quality of life for apartment residentsreduce crime and enhance quality of life for apartment residents

Reducing victimization in apartment communities requires Reducing victimization in apartment communities requires strategic combination of law enforcement and longer term strategic combination of law enforcement and longer term equity buildingequity building

Safeways Basics: Safeways Basics: Guiding PrinciplesGuiding Principles

Organizing Organizing apartment managers and apartment managers and residents to work with law residents to work with law enforcement interventions enforcement interventions

Best practices Best practices training and technical training and technical assistanceassistance for people and place for people and place managementmanagement

Linkages Linkages for site-based for site-based services/initiativesservices/initiatives

Resident Resident capacity building capacity building → community → community buildingbuilding

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Reaching Families Where They Live: Peacemaking Circles Reaching Families Where They Live: Peacemaking Circles at Autumn Ridgeat Autumn Ridge

Safeways Basics: DataSafeways Basics: Data

Data-driven: from Blue CRUSH to TRAC to Data-driven: from Blue CRUSH to TRAC to RTCC to CBANA-InfoWorks Memphis RTCC to CBANA-InfoWorks Memphis Neighborhood Risk Index for Community Neighborhood Risk Index for Community SafetySafety

Multi-Family Safety AuditMulti-Family Safety Audit One Year Crime Analysis One Year Crime Analysis Broken Windows and CPTEDBroken Windows and CPTED Place Management Policies ReviewPlace Management Policies Review Resident Services AnalysisResident Services Analysis

Customized Intervention PlanCustomized Intervention Plan

Next StepsNext Steps

Finalize Safeways Apartment Community Certification Finalize Safeways Apartment Community Certification business model and replicate city-wide: buy-in from City of business model and replicate city-wide: buy-in from City of Memphis and Shelby CountyMemphis and Shelby County

Develop Mandated Crime Reduction Program for nuisance Develop Mandated Crime Reduction Program for nuisance properties and Rental Quality Assurance training for properties and Rental Quality Assurance training for aspiring Safeways properties: City-County and District aspiring Safeways properties: City-County and District Attorney General Attorney General

Build the local capacity to deliver site-based resident Build the local capacity to deliver site-based resident services through the Safeways best practices model and services through the Safeways best practices model and the Powerlines capacity-building networkthe Powerlines capacity-building network

Leverage other efforts with Community Action Partnership Leverage other efforts with Community Action Partnership (CAP) in Southeast Memphis and Frayser-Raleigh: toward (CAP) in Southeast Memphis and Frayser-Raleigh: toward comprehensive community stabilizationcomprehensive community stabilization

Safeways Model Replication Team: Safeways Model Replication Team: Data-driven Interventions to Data-driven Interventions to

Reach Families Where They LiveReach Families Where They Live

Southeast Mempis CDCSoutheast Mempis CDC Powerlines Site-Based Services CollaborativePowerlines Site-Based Services Collaborative LEDIC Asset ManagementLEDIC Asset Management Center for Community Building and Center for Community Building and

Neighborhood Action and Center for Neighborhood Action and Center for Community Criminology and ResearchCommunity Criminology and Research

And coming on board . . . Mayor AC WhartonAnd coming on board . . . Mayor AC Wharton

Safeways Law Enforcement Safeways Law Enforcement PartnersPartners

Memphis Police Department and Shelby Memphis Police Department and Shelby County Sheriff’s DepartmentCounty Sheriff’s Department

District Attorney General and US AttorneyDistrict Attorney General and US Attorney

Memphis Shelby Crime Commission and Memphis Shelby Crime Commission and Operation Safe CommunityOperation Safe Community

Cannot do this without them!Cannot do this without them!

Other Project PartnersOther Project Partners JustCare 180 and JustCare Family Network early intervention for youthJustCare 180 and JustCare Family Network early intervention for youth Bridges “PeaceJam” Initiative Bridges “PeaceJam” Initiative Turning Point Partners Restorative Justice CirclesTurning Point Partners Restorative Justice Circles Coordinated Community Response to Domestic ViolenceCoordinated Community Response to Domestic Violence Southeast Regional District Memphis City Schools Truancy InitiativeSoutheast Regional District Memphis City Schools Truancy Initiative Clean Memphis neighborhood clean-up, youth development and Clean Memphis neighborhood clean-up, youth development and

leadership, and Building 2 Live summer camp on environmental and leadership, and Building 2 Live summer camp on environmental and neighborhood issues (recreation, education, and workforce neighborhood issues (recreation, education, and workforce development)development)

Healthy Memphis Common Table Healthy Memphis Common Table

Early Success Coalition Early Success Coalition Operation Safe Community Prisoner Re-Entry InitiativeOperation Safe Community Prisoner Re-Entry Initiative

And the list is growing . . . And the list is growing . . .