The Jefferson Era- Section 1

The Election of 1800

Jefferson Charts a New Course for the

Government

• Limits the power of the federal government

– Reduced military spending and size of the military

– Repealed all federal internal taxes

• Money would come from tariffs and the sale of western • Money would come from tariffs and the sale of western

lands

– Reduced the number of federal employees

– No government interference in the economy

– Allowed Alien and Sedition Acts to expire

Jefferson-New course for government

• Pay off the national debt

• Ease party disputes

– Kept Federalists if loyal and did their job

Judiciary Act of 1801 benefits the

Federalists

• Set up 16 regional courts

– 100s of court officials all who were Federalists

• Appointed Federalist John Marshall to Chief Justice of the Supreme CourtJustice of the Supreme Court

• Appointed 100s of judges and court officials to federal courts, all who were Federalists

• Jefferson wasn’t allowed to appoint any Supreme Court justices

• Federalists controlled the federal court system

Midnight Judges

Powers of the Supreme Court expand

under John Marshall

• Marbury vs. Madison- 1803– Constitution is supreme law

– Must follow Constitution when in conflict with another law

– Judicial branch must uphold the Constitution and nullify unconstitutional laws

• McColloch vs. Maryland-1819• McColloch vs. Maryland-1819– Congress is allowed to do more than the Constitution

expressly authorizes it to do

• Gibbons vs. Ogden-1824– Federal law takes precedence over state law in interstate

trade matters

The Louisiana Purchase- Section 2

Importance of the Louisiana Purchase

and Exploration of the territory

Purchase

• Expanded the size of the U.S., almost doubled in size

• New source of income

• Kept Napoleon Bonaparte

Exploration

• Discovered new water routes

• Charted and mapped the land

• Kept Napoleon Bonaparte out of the Americas

• U.S. gained control of the Mississippi river and port of New Orleans

• Inspired westward expansion

land

• Discovered new wildlife and plants

• Established friendly relationships with Native Americans in the West

• Found sites for future forts

Events that led to the United States

acquiring the Louisiana Purchase

• Spain stops Mississippi trade at New Orleans

• Secret treaty between France and Spain

• U.S. fears Napoleon will expand empire

• U.S. resolutions to prepare to fight for New Orleans or buy New Orleans for 10 million dollarsbuy New Orleans for 10 million dollars

• Rebellion in Saint Domingue(Haiti)no base for new empire

• France needs money- renewed war with Great Britain

• James Monroe and Robert Livingston purchase the whole territory for 3 1/2 cents per acre

A Time of Conflict- Section 3

Jefferson responds to threats to the

security of the nation

• Attacks

– Attacked Native Americans who were attacking

western settlers

– Barbary pirates

– Refused to pay tribute

• Embargo act- in response to impressments of sailors and seizing of American ships

– Stopped all American trade with foreign nations

– Hurt American businesses and shippers

War of 1812- Section 4

Causes and Effects of the War of 1812

Causes

• British arming Native

Americans in the west

• Impressment of sailors

Effects

• Patriotism- national pride

• Native American alliance

weakened

• Seizing American ships

• Blockade of U.S. ports

• War Hawks

• Growth of American

industry

• Stability- unified nation

• U.S. showed they could

defend their borders