the jefferson era chapter 9 sections 1-5. thomas jefferson
TRANSCRIPT
The Jefferson Era
Chapter 9
Sections 1-5
New Democracy
• Jefferson’s plan as president included a focus on rights of the people being equal.
• Jefferson purposefully created an informal presidency. He believed that he was a citizen first and therefore should not be placed above another.
• Laissez-Faire – “let alone” Jefferson believed that the federal government had gotten too big
• This was directly against the ideas of the Federalists and Alexander Hamilton
Smaller is Better
• Jefferson believed that the power of this nation lied in the states, not the federal government.
• Reduced the size of the army, navy, and lowered taxes.
• Kept some policies like the bank and the debt repayment plan.
The Supreme Court
• John Adams had appointed several judges to the federal court shortly before his departure. Called “Midnight Judges”
• William Marbury was one of these judges and when Jefferson became president he refused to accept the appointment.
Marbury V. Madison
• John Marshall decided that the Supreme Court does not have the right to decide this case because the Constitution does not allow it.
• Judicial Review- Established by John Marshall. Allows the Supreme Court to determine the constitutionality of laws and actions by the executive and legislative branches.
N. Orleans and the MS. River
• The Ms. River was many farmers only reliable mode of transportation.
• Roads are few and unreliable.• The farmers used the Ms. River to get to
New Orleans and then to Europe via the Atlantic Ocean.
• Spain controlled New Orleans and was threatening to close the port. This would have been devastating to the USA
Pinckney Treaty
• Spain agrees to allow the US to use N. Orleans. As a port and storage city.
• Shortly after this Spain gives N. Orleans to France to avoid war.
• Napoleon was conquering Europe and had eyes towards N. America.
• Jefferson is concerned
Revolt in Haiti
• Toussaint L’Ouverture led a slave revolt that cost the French resources and lives.
• Napoleon’s plans were put on hold.
• Timing is everything…
The Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase
• Jefferson gets permission from congress to pay up to 10 million for N.O. and West Florida.
• Talleyrand and Napoleon offer all of the Louisiana territory for 15 Million.
• Robert Livingston and James Monroe had to make a decision.
• They say yes.• Was this Constitutional?
Jefferson’s Popularity
• After his 1st term in office Jefferson was very popular. The Nation was experiencing a period of success.
• The Louisiana Purchase was a great occurrence and all seemed well.
• Jefferson;s second term could not differ more from his 1st.
America Struggles with Neutrality
• George Washington’s policy of neutrality left America with few allies.
• American trade depended on the abilities of merchants to sell their goods in far off lands.
• The ocean was a dangerous place for a merchant ship.
• Pirates from North Africa had attacked merchant ships for years and now focused on the US merchants.
Barbary Pirates
• In the early 1800’s Tripoli a member of the Barbary states in North Africa demanded protection money from the US to allow our ships to pass.
• Jefferson refuses and Tripoli declares war.
• We respond by blockading Tripoli.
• Tripoli captures the Philadelphia after it runs aground.
Pirates...
• A band of marines sail into the harbor at Tripoli late one night and burn the Philadelphia. Why?
• Shortly after a band of Marines land and force Tripoli to sign a peace treaty with the US.
More Troubles at Sea
• England and France went to war again in 1803.
• This is good for American businesses until the French begin stealing our ships.
• Impressment - captured sailors are forced to fight for other countries. This is a favorite practice of the British.
A Bad Idea Gone Bad
• Jefferson decides to cut all ties with France and Britain.
• Embargo Act - Imports and exports are illegal. Jefferson figures that Britain and France. Will need American goods and give Jefferson what he wants.
• Wrong this kills the American economy.
Jefferson as an Unpopular President
• Jefferson had misjudged the potential of the Embargo Act, and it ended in 1809.
• They Replaced it with the Nonintercourse Act - This allowed trade with any nation except Britain and France.
• Jefferson leaves office tired and disliked.
• James Madison the Secretary of State is elected President.
Madison and the War Hawks
• Britain and France continue to seize American ships.
• Madison offers America as an ally to the 1st nation who promises to stop stealing from us.
• France quickly offers to respect US shipping.
• New England wants trade to resume the South and West want war.
Election of 1810
• Mid term election produces a pro war congress
• War Hawks - Group of congressmen elected who supported nationalism and war
• Nationalism - Pride in one’s nation over all others.
• Led by Henry Clay (KY) they call for war with Britain.
War out West.
• Indians and settlers continued to battle out west over lands.
• Two Shawnee Indian brothers Tecumseh and Prophet tried to unite the Native Americans.
• A showdown at Tippacanoe Creek in Indiana pitted the Gen. William Henry Harrison and his men vs. Prophet Tecumseh and the Natives.
Interesting Outcome.
• The battle at Tippacanoe was not a major victory for either side, but one the Us claimed victory.
• Interesting events…
• America soldiers found the Natives using British guns.
• We declare war on Britain June 1812
War of 1812
• Our Navy is 16 ships none able to deal with the British
• Our Army is smaller and in the same condition as it was when the Revolutionary War ended.
• Congress approves a new bill that will pay 124 dollars and 360 acres, many new soldiers joined, few stayed
Naval battles
• Even though the British Navy was divided, fighting the French and the USA, they had enough power to blockade our ports.
• Some of our ships were able to score impressive wins against individual ships, but we were largely ineffective against the whole navy.
War in the West
• The War Hawk congress wanted very much to conquer Canada.
• 1813 we invade Canada led by Gen. William Hull
• He is tricked by the British into thinking that their army is much larger and that they have 5000 Indian allies.
• Hull Retreats. Nicely Done...
Native American Soldiers
• Battle of the Thames
• Gen. W.H. Harrison (Tippacanoe) invades Canada looking for Tecumseh and the British Harrison defeats both at the battle of the Thames.
• Battle of Horseshoe Bend
• Gen. Andrew Jackson leads his soldiers to Mississippi to defeat the Creek Indians.
Washington gets HOT!!
• 1814 Britain defeats France and focuses fully on the USA.
• The British sail up the Chesapeake Bay and defeat the Americans at Bladensburg, MD, they move on to DC and burn the Capital and the President’s Mansion.
• The British move on to Baltimore, MD
Oh Say Can You See...
• Baltimore is well defended and Ft. McHenry is well stocked.
• The British bombard the fort and the city. Both stood strong and the British give up.
• Francis Scott Key wrote a poem about the morning after the attack how our flag stood with broad stripes and bright stars.
Hartford and Peace
• Republicans from New England meet in Hartford to talk about leaving the USA.
• They cannot trade and dislike to current President.
• Meanwhile we have negotiate a peace with England.
• Treaty of Ghent - Agree to return to the situation that existed before. Nothing solved.
Battle of New Orleans
• The War is over, but because there is no Internet or texting no one knows.
• January 8th, 1815 the British attack New Orleans and Andrew Jackson.
• The Americans dug into an elevated position and when the British attacked 2000 died 7 Americans died.