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THE FRENCH REVOLUTIONUNIT 3 AREA OF STUDY 2: CREATING A NEW SOCIETY

THE GREAT TERROR

Understand the role of the Committee for Public SafetyDefine the term terror in your own wordsIdentify when the terror occurredExplain how terror was used as a response to the federalist revolt and civil warExplain how terror was used as a response to economic and financial challengesExplain how terror was used as a response to the financial challenges of the National ConventionLearning intention:Explain what is meant by the term the terror and describe why it occurred On October 16 1793: Marie Antoinette was guillotined in front of a crowd of eager Parisians. Hibbert (1982) argues this is the beginning of la terreur (the terror)Her son had been taken from her to be abused at will be guardsPrior to execution she was kept under close guard (rumours of counter-revolutionary plots to release her)October 15: Sent to trial for conspiring with foreign powers and enemies of the people within FranceALL sources report that she was calm throughout the trial and execution

Marie Antoinette was only 38 years old but resembled an old woman

La Terreur (The Terror): method of revolutionary government by intimidation during which the powers of the state economic, judicial and military were used to direct the life of the nation and draconian punishments were inflicted upon those who opposed it. Also applied to those periods from October to December 1793 and March to July 1794 when the Jacobins imposed such a government upon France (Hibbert 1982:367).

Extremely harsh of severeIntense, overpowering fearThe ability to instill intense fearViolence committed or threatened by a group to intimidate or coerce a populationThe Committee of Public Safety:The Machinery of the TerrorEstablished 6 April 1793 to supervise and speed up activates of the Government Initially consisted of members from all areas of the ConventionRobespierre joined in July 1793: One of the twelve members. From here they became increasingly radicalBy the end of 1793 it controlled ministers, foreign policy and could even purge local governments

Understanding the TerrorCan be seen as a response to the various challenges facing the Revolution between 1792 and 1794 MILITARY CHALLENGES: INTERNATIONALMILITARY CHALLENGES: CIVIL WARFINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHALLENGESPOLITICAL CHALLENGES: THE FEDERALIST REVOLTPSYCHOLOGICAL CHALLENGESPRICE

Terror as a response to Civil war and the Federalist revoltLyon: Revolutionary armies cut food supply, destroyed houses, Committee of Public Safety declared city removed from map, mass military shootings of federalists occurred: 2000 men, women and children murdered by April 1794. Guillotine filled the gutter with bloodBordeaux: 104 sent to the guillotineToulon: had formed alliance with Britain and took three months to defeat. 800 immediately executed and 282 more sent to the guillotine.

LyonBordeauxToulon

Terror as a response to Civil war: The VendeeVendee: Order to burn forests, raze houses, remove livestock and murder rebels. 30,000 revolutionary troops sent into to deal with 20,000 to 40,000 rebels. Horrific consequencesNante: 3000 dead from epidemic, 4800 dead from mass drownings70% of all deaths in the terror occurred in the Vendee and Provence (Toulon)

The Vendee and NantesTerror as a response economic and financial challenges: The enragesLeader of the enrages, Jacques Noux, argued the revolution had been exploited by profiteers and people were again famishedHoarders and economic speculators should be punished by deathLead to the death by guillotine of many bourgeois speculators

Journee of September 4-5 1793: Lead to the Law of the General Maximum: put a price limit on large range of food goods and servicesTerror and the psychological challengeLaws established to condemn traitors of the republic17 September 1793: Law of Suspects.

Those who, by their conduct, associations, comments, or writings have shown themselves partisans of tyranny or federalism and enemies of liberty;Those who are unable to justify, in the manner prescribed by the decree of 21 March, their means of existence and the performance of their civic duties;Those to whom certificates of patriotism have been refused;Civil servants suspended or dismissed from their positions by the National Convention or by its commissioners, and not reinstated, especially those who have been or are to be dismissed by virtue of the decree of 14 August;Those former nobles, together with husbands, wives, fathers, mothers, sons or daughters, brothers or sisters, and agents of themigrs, who have not constantly demonstrated their devotion to the Revolution;Those who have emigrated between 1 July 1789, and the publication of the decree of 30 March (8 April 1792), even though they may have returned to France within the period established by said decree or prior thereto.The Terror: SummaryOccurred in response to Revolutionary challenges between late 1792 and 1794Hibbert argues the execution of Marie Antoinette (October 16 1793) set the terror into motionParticularly October to December 1793 and March to July 1794 when the Jacobins imposed such a government upon FranceMILITARY CHALLENGES: INTERNATIONALMILITARY CHALLENGES: CIVIL WARFINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHALLENGESPOLITICAL CHALLENGES: THE FEDERALIST REVOLTPSYCHOLOGICAL CHALLENGESFederalist uprisings (Lyon, Bordeaux, Toulon)Also in VendeeEnrages: Law of the Maximum and death to speculatorsRepression of Girondins and Federalist revoltEnrages: Law of suspects, establishment of Committee of Public SafteyAll other challenges complicated progess of International WarUnderstand the role of the Committee for Public SafetyDefine the term terror in your own wordsIdentify when the terror occurredExplain how terror was used as a response to the federalist revolt and civil warExplain how terror was used as a response to economic and financial challengesSummarise the Law of SuspectsLearning Outcome:Explain what is meant by the term the terror and describe why is occurredTerror Evidence HuntLog onto the Internet and access the following page:https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0AjWkpqjyX8-TdGJIRk05OHFoaFp3OFZ2QXB4NUtIZ0E

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Find the box that aligns with your table numberFrom the reading specific to your group, add the following to the Google Doc:Anything from the reading that you believe would be good evidence in a C or a D responseAny facts that are unusual or generally interesting

Use this site for SAC2 and the end of year examEXCELLENT DOCUMENTARY OF THE TERRORIt is broken into 6 parts, and is well worth the watch. Even has commentary by Simon Schama and some other excellent characters. Gives a variety of perspectives!Check it out at:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wiw2LkUwnw4