The French Revolution

I. The Three Estates

A. 1st Estate 1. Tithes and Taxes

2. Influence on Government

B. 2nd Estate 1. Landlords

2. Didn’t Pay Taxes

C. 3rd Estate 1. Merchant Middle Class

2. Peasants

D. Estates General—Not since 1614

I. The Three Estates

E. Louis XVI—1774-1793

1. Aid to Americans

2. Marie Antionette

The Three Estates

E. Louis XVI—1774-1793

1. Aid to Americans

2. Marie Antionette

II. Financial Crisis

A. Debt

1. Royal Spending

2. Wars

B. Tariffs and taxes

1. Tariffs and External Trade

2. Internal Tariffs

3. Taxation

II. Financial Crisis

C. Burdens on Peasants 1. Gabelle

2. Consumption Taxes

3. Tithes

4. Taille

5. Vingtieme

6. Capitation

7. Corvee

8. Usage Taxes

9. Rent

10. Effect of Tax Burden

II. Financial Crisis

D. Legal Inequity

1. Buying of Legal Positions

2. Fees and Effect on Peasants

E. Attempts at Reform

1. Jacques Turgot and Jacques Necker

2. Parliament

3. Charles Alexandre de Calone

II. Financial Crisis

F. Famine and Poverty

1. Little Ice Age

2. Hail Storms

3. Price of Bread

4. Peasant Income and Spending

5. Potato?

6. Urbanization

III. The Summer of 1789

A. The Estates General

1. May 5, 1789—Membership

2. Turgot

3. Commons and Louis XVI

4. Tennis Court Oath—June 20, 1789: National Constituent Assembly

Tennis Court Oath

III. The Summer of 1789

B. The Bastille

1. Louis XVI

2. Jacques Necker

3. July 17, 1789

4. Army

5. Louis XVI

III. The Summer of 1789

C. The Great Fear

1. Peasants

2. August Days

3. Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen

III. The Summer of 1789

D. The March on Versailles—October 5, 1789

1. Parisian Women

2. Fighting

3. Marie Antoinette?

IV. New Cosntitutions

A. Civil Constitution of the Clergy—July 12, 1790

1. Distrust of Clergy

2. Civil Constitution

3. Split of Clergy—Pope Pius VI

B. Constitution of 1791

1. Constitutional Monarchy

2. Enclosure Movement

3. War

4. Features of Government

V. War and Counter Revolution

A. Flight to Varennes

1. Power to Queen

2. June 12, 1791

3. Varennes

V. War and Counter Revolution

B. Jacobins

1. Egalitarian

2. Republican

V. War and Counter Revolution

C. Fear of Outside Monarchs

1. August 1791—Austria and Prussia

2. Girondists—April 1792

3. Austrian Threat

4. First republic—September 21, 1792

5. Louis and Marie

6. Paris Commune

IV. Counter Revolution

D. Sans-Coulettes

1. Want

a. Equality

b. Monarchy and Aristocracy

c. Communal Property

2. Gaining Power

3. Louis XVI—Jan. 31, 1793

4. War—England, Holland, and Spain

VI. Reign of Terror—Sep. 1793-July 1794

A. Constitution of 1793—Republic with Universal Suffrage

B. The Committee of Public Safety

1. The Mountain

2. Jean-Paul Marat, George Jacques Danton, Maximillian Robespiere

3. Murder of Marat

VI. Reign of Terror—Sep. 1793-July 1794

C. Economics and the terror

1. Bread Shortage and Prices

2. Law of the Maximum

3. Peasant Revolt

D. The War in the Vendee

1. Peasants and Royalists

2. Warfare and Results

3. Revolutionary Government

VI. Reign of Terror—Sep. 1793-July 1794

E. Tribunals

1. Danton

2. Political enemies

3. Purging of Danton

VI. Reign of Terror—Sep. 1793-July 1794

F. Maximillian Robbespierre

1. “The Incorruptible”

2. Revolutionary Calendar

3. Law of 22 Praial

4. Christainity

5. July 27, 1794

VI. Reign of Terror—Sep. 1793-July 1794

G. Results

1. Total dead

2. Who was killed

3. Terror Worked

VII. Termidorean Reacation 1795-1799

A. Constitution of 1795

1. Bicameral Legislature

2. The Directory

B. Corruption and Overthrow

1. Election of 1797

2. Directory

3. Napoleon Bonaparte