the first four caliphs
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The First Four Caliphs. Cornell Notes. First Four Caliphs. Abu Bakr Umar Uthman Ali. Muhammad’s Death. Died in 632 was 63 years old Buried at the Mosque of the Prophet in Medina. Muhammad’s Death. Died in 632 was 63 years old Buried at the Mosque of the Prophet in Medina - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The First Four CaliphsThe First Four Caliphs
Cornell NotesCornell Notes
First Four CaliphsFirst Four Caliphs
Abu BakrAbu Bakr
UmarUmar
UthmanUthman
AliAli
Muhammad’s DeathMuhammad’s Death Died in 632Died in 632 was 63 years oldwas 63 years old Buried at the Mosque of the Buried at the Mosque of the
Prophet in MedinaProphet in Medina
Muhammad’s DeathMuhammad’s Death
Died in 632Died in 632 was 63 years oldwas 63 years old Buried at the Mosque of the Buried at the Mosque of the
Prophet in MedinaProphet in Medina Did not choose a successorDid not choose a successor
What happened as a What happened as a result of Muhammad result of Muhammad not choosing a not choosing a successor?successor?
What happened…What happened… Many people panickedMany people panicked
followers held a meeting to followers held a meeting to decide who would become decide who would become ““caliphcaliph”” CaliphCaliph=successor, leader of Muslim =successor, leader of Muslim
communitycommunity
Abu Bakr was chosenAbu Bakr was chosen But a small group wanted AliBut a small group wanted Ali
Abu Bakr Abu Bakr (A.D 632-634)(A.D 632-634) Close friend, early believer, Close friend, early believer,
Muhammad’s father-in-lawMuhammad’s father-in-law ChallengesChallenges
False prophetsFalse prophets Parts of the empire began to break awayParts of the empire began to break away
SuccessesSuccesses Reunited and expanded the empireReunited and expanded the empire Restored calm to the empireRestored calm to the empire
Umar Umar (A.D. 634-644)(A.D. 634-644) Initially resistant to Islam, later became Initially resistant to Islam, later became
a close friend of Muhammad a close friend of Muhammad ChallengesChallenges
Organizing the expanding empireOrganizing the expanding empire used tax money to pay for police, army, used tax money to pay for police, army,
education, Prophet’s family, orphans etc.education, Prophet’s family, orphans etc.
SuccessesSuccesses Continued expansion of the EmpireContinued expansion of the Empire
Arabia, Iraq, western Persia, Syria, Palestine, Arabia, Iraq, western Persia, Syria, Palestine, northern Egypt, and Part of North Africanorthern Egypt, and Part of North Africa
Uthman Uthman (A.D. 644-656)(A.D. 644-656) wealthy merchant and Muhammad’s wealthy merchant and Muhammad’s
son-in-lawson-in-law ChallengesChallenges
big gap between rich and poorbig gap between rich and poor favoritism favoritism
SuccessesSuccesses Organized writing of the Qur’anOrganized writing of the Qur’an Continued to expand the EmpireContinued to expand the Empire
killed by a group of angry Egyptian killed by a group of angry Egyptian protestersprotesters
Ali’s Caliphate and the Ali’s Caliphate and the Division Between Sunnis Division Between Sunnis
and Shi’asand Shi’as
Clan RivalriesUmayyad Clan
Hashim Clan
Uthman
Mu’awiya
Ali
Civil War Between MuslimsCivil War Between Muslims Mu’awiya vs. AliMu’awiya vs. Ali negotiators decided both men should negotiators decided both men should
resignresign both continue ruling as caliph both continue ruling as caliph
anywaysanyways Mu’awiya rules over Syria and EgyptMu’awiya rules over Syria and Egypt Ali rules over PersiaAli rules over Persia
Mu’awiya
Ali
Civil War Between MuslimsCivil War Between Muslims Mu’awiya vs. AliMu’awiya vs. Ali negotiators decided both men should resignnegotiators decided both men should resign both continue ruling as caliph anywaysboth continue ruling as caliph anyways
Mu’awiya rules over Syria and EgyptMu’awiya rules over Syria and Egypt Ali rules over PersiaAli rules over Persia
rebels tribe tried to kill both guysrebels tribe tried to kill both guys Mu’awiya gets awayMu’awiya gets away Ali is assassinatedAli is assassinated
A Pivotal Point in Muslim A Pivotal Point in Muslim HistoryHistory
A Pivotal Point in Muslim A Pivotal Point in Muslim HistoryHistory
disagreements over disagreements over caliphs created the split caliphs created the split between Sunni Muslims between Sunni Muslims and Shi’a Muslimsand Shi’a Muslims
SunniSunni any religious any religious
Muslim can be Muslim can be leaderleader
supported rule of supported rule of first four caliphsfirst four caliphs
80% of world 80% of world Muslim populationMuslim population
Shi’aShi’a only relatives of only relatives of
Muhammad can be Muhammad can be leaders or leaders or ImamsImams
only supported rule only supported rule of Aliof Ali
Mostly in IranMostly in Iran