history of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

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Kjy; fyP/gh mGgf;fH (uyp) tho;f;if tuyhW ,];yhj;jpw;F Kd;G ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;l gpd;G..! mw;gzk; kw;Wk; jpahfk; mgPrPdpahtpw;Fg; gazkhFjy; (`p[;uj;) `p[;uj; gj;H Aj;jk; `p[;hp 2 Mk; Mz;L c`J Aj;jk;> ukshd; 3 mfo; Aj;jk; `{ijgpa;ah cld;gbf;if> Jy;fhapjh 6 ifgH Aj;jk;> K`Huk; 7 kf;fh ntw;wp> ukshd; 8 `{idd; Aj;jk; jG+f; Aj;jk;> u[g; 9 `puhf;spa]; `[; - jiyikg; nghWg;G tfpj;jy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; kuzk; (12> ugpAy; mt;ty; 11) Kjy; fyPgh mGgf;fH rpj;jPf; (uyp) NjHjy; igmj; c]hkh (uyp) jiyikapy; gilnaLg;G ngha;j; J}jHfs; kjPdhtpd; kPjhd jhf;Fjy; Kwpabg;G ngha;j; J}jHfs; nfhy;yg;gLjy; gdP jaP Ki]ykh vd;w ngha;ad; <uhf; kPjhd gilnaLg;G fhypj; gpd; tyPj; ghurPfHfis ntw;wp nfhs;Sjy; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; mtHfspd; epHthfk; /gpuhj; NghH rphpah NuhkHfspd; gilnaLg;G [H[h ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sjy; NuhkHfis ntw;wp nfhs;Sjy; RftPdKk;> kuzKk; ,];yhj;jpw;F Kd;G..! ,];yhj;jpw;F Ke;ija ehl;fspy; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfspd; ,aw; ngauhf mg;Jy; f/gh vd;w ngaH> ,];yhj;ij mtHfs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;ljd; gpd; khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;L> mg;Jy;yh vd;wiof;fg;gl;lhH. Mdhy; ,d;iwf;F ,];yhj;jpd; Muk;g ehl;fspYk; rhp> mjd; gpd;dhspYk; rhp mtuJ ,aw; ngaH kiwe;J> mGgf;fH rpj;jPf; vd;wiof;fg;gl;lhHfs;. mGgf;fH vd;gJ mtuJ guk;giug; ngauhfTk;> kf;fs; mtiu md;NghL rpj;jPf; vd;Wk; mioj;J gpd;dhspy;> mGgf;fH rpj;jPf; vd;W> ,d;Wk; $l mNj ngahpy; mtuJ ngaH tuyhw;wpy; epiyj;J tpl;lJ. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSk;> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSk; ,UtUk; KHuh vd;w xNu tk;rg; guk;giuapypUe;J te;jtHfs; jhd;. mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSila je;ij cJkhd; mG Ff/gh mtHfs; ,];yhj;jpidj; jd;Dila tho;tpay; newpahf Vw;Wf; nfhz;l NghJ> mtHfSf;F 90 tajhfp ,Ue;jJ. mjhtJ rhpahfr; nrhy;y

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This provides biographies of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs

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Page 1: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

Kjy; fyP/gh

mGgf;fH (uyp) tho;f;if tuyhW

,];yhj;jpw;F Kd;G

,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;l gpd;G..!

mw;gzk; kw;Wk; jpahfk;

mgPrPdpahtpw;Fg; gazkhFjy; (`p[;uj;)

`p[;uj;

gj;H Aj;jk; `p[;hp 2 Mk; Mz;L

c`J Aj;jk;> ukshd; 3

mfo; Aj;jk;

`{ijgpa;ah cld;gbf;if> Jy;fhapjh 6

ifgH Aj;jk;> K`Huk; 7

kf;fh ntw;wp> ukshd; 8

`{idd; Aj;jk;

jG+f; Aj;jk;> u[g; 9

`puhf;spa];

`[; - jiyikg; nghWg;G tfpj;jy;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; kuzk; (12> ugpAy; mt;ty; 11)

Kjy; fyPgh mGgf;fH rpj;jPf; (uyp)

NjHjy;

igmj;

c]hkh (uyp) jiyikapy; gilnaLg;G

ngha;j; J}jHfs;

kjPdhtpd; kPjhd jhf;Fjy; Kwpabg;G

ngha;j; J}jHfs; nfhy;yg;gLjy;

gdP jaP

Ki]ykh vd;w ngha;ad;

<uhf; kPjhd gilnaLg;G

fhypj; gpd; tyPj;

ghurPfHfis ntw;wp nfhs;Sjy;

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; mtHfspd; epHthfk;

/gpuhj; NghH

rphpah

NuhkHfspd; gilnaLg;G

[H[h ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sjy;

NuhkHfis ntw;wp nfhs;Sjy;

RftPdKk;> kuzKk;

,];yhj;jpw;F Kd;G..!

,];yhj;jpw;F Ke;ija ehl;fspy; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfspd; ,aw; ngauhf mg;Jy; f/gh vd;w ngaH> ,];yhj;ij

mtHfs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;ljd; gpd; khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;L> mg;Jy;yh vd;wiof;fg;gl;lhH. Mdhy; ,d;iwf;F

,];yhj;jpd; Muk;g ehl;fspYk; rhp> mjd; gpd;dhspYk; rhp mtuJ ,aw; ngaH kiwe;J> mGgf;fH rpj;jPf;

vd;wiof;fg;gl;lhHfs;. mGgf;fH vd;gJ mtuJ guk;giug; ngauhfTk;> kf;fs; mtiu md;NghL rpj;jPf; vd;Wk;

mioj;J gpd;dhspy;> mGgf;fH rpj;jPf; vd;W> ,d;Wk; $l mNj ngahpy; mtuJ ngaH tuyhw;wpy; epiyj;J

tpl;lJ.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSk;> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSk; ,UtUk; KHuh vd;w xNu tk;rg; guk;giuapypUe;J

te;jtHfs; jhd;. mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSila je;ij cJkhd; mG Ff/gh mtHfs; ,];yhj;jpidj; jd;Dila

tho;tpay; newpahf Vw;Wf; nfhz;l NghJ> mtHfSf;F 90 tajhfp ,Ue;jJ. mjhtJ rhpahfr; nrhy;y

Page 2: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

Ntz;Lnkd;why;> kf;fh ntw;wpapd; NghJ `p[;hp 8 y; jhd; ,];yhj;ijj; jOtpf; nfhz;lhH. ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf;

nfhz;l 6 tUlq;fs; fopj;J mjhtJ ckH (uyp) mtHfs; ,];yhkpa rhk;uh[;aj;jpd; jiyikg; nghWg;ig Vw;W

top elj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;j fhy fl;lj;jpy; ,we;J tpl;lhHfs;. mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ jhahUk; ,];yhj;jpid

Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,tUk; gdP jaPk; vd;w ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) top te;j Fyj;jpy; gpwe;jtHfs; jhd;.

ahid Mz;L vd;W nrhy;yf; $ba `p[;uj;jpw;F Ke;ija 50 Mz;LfSk; 6 khjq;fSf;F Kd;ghf mGgf;fH

(uyp) mtHfs; kf;fhtpy; gpwe;jhHfs;. ,];yhj;jpw;F Ke;ija me;j fhy fl;lj;jpYk; $l Fiw\pf;

Fyj;jtHfspy; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; ey;y khpahijf;Fhpa Fwpg;gplj;jFe;j xUtuhfj; jpfo;e;jhHfs;. kf;fhtpy;

,];yhj;jpw;F Ke;ija fhy fl;lj;jpYk; ,d;Dk; mjw;Fg; gpd; te;j fhy fl;lj;jpYk; kf;fhtpy; ed;F

kjpf;fg;gl;l 10 jiytHfspy; xUtuhf mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; jpfo;e;jhHfs;.

,tH kf;fhtpy; gpwe;J tsHe;jpUe;jhYk; tpahghu epkpj;jkhf mbf;fb rphpah> vkd; Nghd;w ehLfSf;Fr; nrd;W

tuf; $batuhf ,Ue;jhH. ,t;thW mtH tpahghu epkpj;jkhf Kjd; Kjyhf kf;fhit tpl;Lr; nry;Yk; nghOJ

mtUf;F taJ 18.

,];yhj;jpid Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F Kd;G $l mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsplk; fhzg;gl;l ey;ynyhOf;fq;fs;>

gz;ghLfs;> gof;f tof;fq;fs; Mfpatw;Wf;fhf kf;fsplk; kpfTk; gpugy;akhd kdpjuhfj; jpfo;e;jhHfs;.

gpur;idf;Fhpa tp\aq;fspy; kf;fs; ,thplk; te;J fye;jhNyhrid nra;tJk;> mtH $wf; $ba fUj;Jf;fSf;F

mjpf kjpg;Gf; nfhLf;ff; $batHfshfTk; kf;fj;J kf;fs; ,tiug; Nghw;wp te;jhHfs;. md;iwf;F kf;fhtpy;

,Ue;j kpfg; nghpa Fyj;jtHfspy; kpfTk; nry;thf;Fg; ngw;w kjpg;Gg; ngw;w FLk;gj;jpy; xUtuhf> Fwpg;ghf

kf;fhtpy; trpf;ff; $ba Fyq;fspy; kpfTk; Kjd;ik ngw;w Fyq;fspy; xd;wpy; gpwe;j mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;.

md;iwa muGyfj;jpy; nfhiyf;Fg; gfukhf ,uj;j ,og;gPl;Lj; njhifiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; tof;fkpUe;jJ.

mt;thW ngwf; $ba gzk; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfspd; rk;kjkpy;yhky; ngwg;gLtjpy;iy vd;wnjhU epiy $l

md;iwa ehl;fspy; epytp te;jJ. ftpij Gidtjpy; kpFe;j jpwik ngw;wtuhf ,Ug;gpDk;> ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf;

nfhz;l gpd; mjid KOikahf tpl;nlhopj;J tpl;lhH. ,d;Dk; ,];yhj;ij jOTtjw;F Kd;G $l kJtpd;

thiliaf; $l Efuhj kdpjuhfj; jpfo;e;jtH jhd; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;.

,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;l gpd;G..!

,];yhj;jpd; ntspr;rg; Gs;spfs; kf;fhitj; jhprg;gjw;F Kd;Gs;s fhy fl;lj;jpy;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis

mbf;fb ghHj;Jg; Ngrp tUk; tof;fKs;stuhf mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; ,Ue;Jk;> ,];yhkpa miog;G Kjd;

Kjyhf tpLf;fg;gl;l me;j ehl;fspy; mtH vkd; Njrj;jpypUe;jhH. gpd; vkdpypUe;J jpUk;gp kf;fh jpUk;gpatiu

mG [`;y;> cj;gh> i\gh Nghd;w kf;fhtpd; kpfg; gpugyq;fs; mtiur; nrd;W re;jpj;J> kf;fhtpd; ntspr;rg;

Gs;spia tpl;by; G+r;rpahf;f epidj;jdH.

tPl;bw;F jd;idg; ghHf;f te;j mG [`;y;> cj;gh> i\gh Nghd;Nwhiu tpspj;J> vd;d tp\akhf

te;jpUf;fpd;wPHfs;> VNjDk; tpNr\ nra;jp cz;lh? vd;W mtHfisg; ghHj;J mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;

tpdTfpd;whHfs;.

Mk;! mJ xU kpfg; nghpa nra;jp..!

mG+jhypg;gpd; ghJfhg;gpy; tsuf; $ba me;j mehij> jd;id xU ,iwj;J}jnud;W gpjw;wpf; nfhz;L jphpfpd;whH.

ehq;fs; cq;fSila tUiff;fhfj; jhd; fhj;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk;. ePH te;jTld; ,jw;F xU KbT fl;l Ntz;Lk;>

,d;Dk; ,jpy; ck;Kila MNyhrid vd;d vd;gijAk; ehq;fs; mwpa kpf Mtyhf ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;. mjw;fhfj;

jhd; cq;fsJ ,y;yKk; te;Njhk; vd;W jhq;fs; te;jjjd; Nehf;fj;ij me;j er;rtuq;fs; ntspg;gLj;jpd.

,y;iy> tp\j;ijf; ff;fpdH.

tp\q;fs; tpUl;rq;fis vd;d nra;Ak;..! nra;jpiaf; Nfs;tpg;gl;l mGgf;fH mtHfs; jd;idg; ghHf;f te;j

ngUe;jiyfis tpl;L tpl;L> jd; MUapHj; Njhoiuf; fhz tpiue;J nry;fpd;whH.

NjhoNu..! ehd; Nfs;tpg;gl;l nra;jp cz;ikah?

Mk;! vd;Wiuj;jhH mz;zy; egp (]y;) mtHfs;.

cq;fSila me;j miog;gpd; mHj;jk; vd;d?

yh ,yh` ,y;yy;yh`;! K`k;kJH u#Yy;yh`;!

Page 3: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

vd;w Xhpiwf; nfhs;ifapd; jj;Jtj;ij mGgf;fH mtHfSf;F mz;zyhH (]y;) mtHfs; tpsf;Ffpd;whHfs;.

,];yhj;ij gw;wp ,jw;Fg; gpe;ija ehl;fspy; Nfs;tpg;gl;l midtUk; me;jf; nfhs;ifia Kd;G kWj;J my;yJ

jhkjg;gLj;jpNah jhd; Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. Mdhy; mGgf;fH mtHfNsh miog;gpd; ntspr;rg; Gs;spiaf;

fz;lTld;> jhNd #hpadhf kyHe;J epd;whHfs;. clNd Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ve;jtpj Rzf;fKk; mtHfs;

fhl;ltpy;iy vd;gJ mtUf;F ,iwf; nfhs;ifapd; kPJs;s gw;Wk; ,d;Dk; mjidf; nfhz;L te;j ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfspd; kPjpUe;j ek;gpf;if kw;Wk; md;Gk; jhd; fhuzkhFk;.

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;ltHfspd; thpirapy;> mjhtJ taJ te;NjhHfspd; thpirapy;

KjyhtJ eguhfTk;> ,d;Dk; rpWtHfspd; thpirapy; myp (uyp) mtHfs; KjyhtJ eguhfTk; ,Ue;jhHfs;.

,d;Dk; fjP[h (uyp) mtHfs; ngz;fspy; KjyhtJ eguhfTk; ,Ue;jhHfs;. mbikfspy; i[j; gpd; `hhpjh

(uyp) mtHfs; KjyhtJ eguhfTk; ,Ue;jhHfs;.

Kjy; trdk; ,wq;fpajd; gpd;G VO ehl;fspy; fopj;J ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;ltH ]mj; gpd; mgPtf;fh];

(uyp) mtHfs;. Mdhy; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSk;> myp (uyp) mtHfSk; ,tUf;F Kd;ghfNt ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf;

nfhz;L tpl;ldH.

vg;nghOJ ,];yhj;ij mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfNsh> mg;NghjpUe;jpUe;Nj jhd; Vw;Wf; nfhz;l

nfhs;iff;fhf jdJ cly;> nghUs;> Mtp> jpwikfs;> midj;ijAk; toq;fpdhHfs;.

mtuJ tho;f;if KOtJNk jhd; Vw;Wf; nfhz;l nfhs;iff;fhf khR kWtpy;yhky; mtH jd;idNa ,oe;j

rhpj;jpur; rhd;Wfisj; jhd; ehk; fhz KbAk;. ,d;Dk; `];uj; cJkhd; (uyp)> RigH (uyp)> jy;`h (uyp)>

mg;JH u`;khd; gpd; mt;/g; (uyp) Nghd;w ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;l ]hgpf;$d; mt;tY}d; vd;w ,];yhj;ij

Vw;Wf; nfhz;l Kd;Ndhbfspy; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; kpfr; rpwg;G tha;e;jtuhf fzpf;fg;gl;ljw;Ff; fhuzk;>

mtuJ mg;gOf;fpy;yhj jpahf tho;T jhd; vd;why; mjpy; kpifapy;iy.

,];yhj;jpd; Muk;g ehl;fspy; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;likf;fhf Vfg;gl;l mbik K];ypk;fs;> mtHfsJ

v[khdHfshy; Jd;GWj;jg;gl;l nghOJ me;jf; nfhLikiar; rfpf;fhJ jd;Dila nrhe;j nry;tj;ijf;

nfhLj;J> me;j mbik tho;T tho;e;j K];ypk;fis tpLjiy nra;j gz;ghsuhf mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;

jpfo;e;jhHfs;.

mw;gzk; kw;Wk; jpahfk;

,];yhj;jpd; me;j Muk;g %d;W tUlq;fs; ,];yhj;jpd; miog;Gg; gpur;rhuk; gzp kpfTk; ufrpahfNt ele;J

te;jJ. me;j fhy fl;lj;jpy; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; ,];yhkpa miog;gpw;fhd jdJ gq;fspg;igAk; kpfTk;

ufrpakhfNt nra;J te;jhHfs;. mjd; ehd;fhtJ tUlk; fPof;fhZk; trdk; ,wq;fpaJ.

ckf;Ff; fl;lisaplg; gl;bUg;gij ntspg;gilahf mtHfSf;F mwptpg;gPuhf! ,izitj;J tzq;FgtHfis

Gwf;fzpj;JtpltPuhf! (15:94)

Nkw;fhZk; trdk; ,wq;fpaTld; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ J}Jj;Jtg; gpur;rhuj;ij ntspg;gilahfr;

nra;a Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,iz itj;J tzq;Fk; me;jf; nfhba nraiyr; rhbdhHfs;. mtHfsJ mwpahikia

,bj;Jiuj;jhHfs;. miog;Gg; gzpapd; ,e;j Muk;g jUzq;fs; ,];yhj;jpd; nfhba tpNuhjpfis kpfTk;

crpg;Ngw;wp tpl;lJ. ,];yhj;jpw;F vjpuhf mtHfs; NghHg; gpufldj;ijNa nra;jhHfs; vd;why; mJ kpifapy;iy.

,d;Dk; mtHfs; ve;jsT nfhLikfisf; fl;ltpo;j;J tpl;L ,];yhj;jpd; ntspr;rg; Gs;spfis gdpg; Gif

nfhz;L kiwj;J tplyhk; vd;W $lf; fdT fz;lhHfs;. ,d;Dk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kPJ

nrhy;nyhz;zh Jd;gj;ijf; fl;ltpo;j;J tpl;lhHfs;.

,e;jf; nfhLikahd jUzq;fs; ,];yhj;jpid Vw;Wf; nfhz;lJ kl;Lky;y> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kPJ

Ghpag;gl;l nfhLikfis jhDk; gq;F Nghl;Lf; nfhz;L> jdJ jiytuJ Rikiaf; Fiwf;;fTk; nra;jhHfs;.

,d;Dk; ,];yhj;jpd; miog;ghdJ jq;fsJ flTs;fSf;F mtkhpahijia Vw;gLj;jp tpl;lJ> jq;fsJ

flTs;fspd; ngUik Ngha; tpl;lJ vd;Wk;> ,d;Dk; jq;fsJ flTs;fspd; fPHj;jpfisg; gw;wpAk; kf;fhtpd; me;j

f/gh vy;iyapy; cl;fhHe;J nfhz;L> me;j Fiw\pfs; ngUikg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. ,e;j Neuj;jpy;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; f/ghtpDs; Eiofpd;whHfs;. ,ijf; fz;l mtHfsJ Nfhgk; ,d;Dk;

jiyf;NfwpaJ. mjpy; xUtd; vOe;J te;J> ePH jhdh vq;fsJ flTsHfis tpkHrpj;Jg; Ngrpj; jphptJ? vd;W

Page 4: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

Nfl;lhd;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNsh! ve;j gaKkpd;wp Mk;! ehd; jhd;! vd;whHfs;. ,ijf; Nfl;l mj;jid

Fiw\paHfSk; xl;Lnkhj;jkhf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kPJ tpOe;jhHfs;> ,d;Dk; mtHfisj; jhf;f

Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kPJ fLikahd jhf;Fjy;fisj; njhLj;Jf; nfhz;Nl> ePH jhdh vq;fsJ

,j;jid flTs;fSf;Fk; gfukhf xNu xU flTis mwpKfg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wPH? vd;W Nfl;Lf; nfhz;L>

mbj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghNj ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ Raepidit ,oe;J kaq;fpf; fPNo

tpOe;jhHfs;.

me;jj; jUzj;jpy; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ MUapHj; Njhoiu me;j ,];yhj;jpd; vjphpfsplkpUe;J fhg;ghw;w

tpiue;J te;jhHfs;. me;j kilaHfsplk; Nfl;lhHfs; :

my;yh`; jhd; vdJ ,iwtd;> mtd; jhd; mfpy cyfq;fisAk; ghpghypf;ff; $batd; vd;W $wpajw;fhfth

mtiu ePq;fs; nfhiy nra;ag; ghHf;fpd;wPHfs;? ePq;fs; mj;JkPwpa rKjhakhfty;yth ,Uf;fpd;wPHfs;? vd;W

$wpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghNj> mtiuAk; mtHfs; jhf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;> ,g;nghOJ mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ

kz;il cile;J ,uj;jk; nfhl;l Muk;gpj;jJ. ,g;nghOJ mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ cwtpdHfs; tpiue;J

te;J> vjphpfsplkpUe;J ,UtiuAk; fhg;ghw;Wfpd;wdH.

jiyapy; mbgl;L ,uj;jk; tope;J nfhz;bUe;j me;j epiyapYk;> mtHfsJ cjLfs; jd;idg; gilj;j

,iwtidAk;> jpUj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisAk; fz;zpag;gLj;jpf; nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jJ.

gLfhaKw;w mG+gf;fH (uyp)> mtUila ,y;yj;jpw;f vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;lhHfs;. mq;F mtUf;F cldb

rpfpr;irfs; mspf;fg;gl;ld. ePz;l Neuj;jpw;Fg; gpd; mtUf;F RaepidT te;jJ. vdpDk;> clnyy;yhk; ,Ue;j

,uj;jf; fhaq;fspd; Ntjidfs; fhuzkhf Kdfpa NghJ> mtuUNf ftiyNa cUthf ,Ue;j mtuJ md;id

JbJbj;Jg; NghdhH!

rw;W Neuj;jpw;Fg; gpd; mtH NgRk; epiyia mile;jhH. mJfz;l mtuJ md;id> jd; kfdpd; fhaq;fSf;Ff;

fl;Lg; Nghl;L tpl;L md;Gld; jiyia tUbf; nfhz;Nl kfNd! cdf;F vg;gb ,Uf;fpd;wJ? vd;W tpdtpdhH.

Mdhy;> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfNsh md;idf;F cldbahfg; gjpy; $wtpy;iy. khwhf> rw;W jhkjpj;J mk;kh!

my;yh`;tpd; J}jH mtHfisg; gw;wp vdf;Ff; $Wq;fs;. mtHfs; vq;F ,Uf;fpd;whHfs;? vg;gb ,Uf;fpd;whHfs;?

mtHfSf;F Mgj;J VJk; ,y;iyNa? vd;W kpf nkJthff; Nfs;tpfis mLf;fpf; nfhz;Nl NghdhH.

,e;j ,f;fl;lhd epiyapYk; ,iwj;J}jH K`k;kj; (]y;) mtHfisg; gw;wpay;yth ,tH NgRfpd;whH? ,tH

mthplk; vj;jifa gw;Wk; ghrKk; itj;jpUg;ghH vd tpag;Gw;w epiyapy; mt;td;id mG+gf;fH (uyp) mtHfis

MHtj;Jld; Nehf;fpdhH.

gpd;dH> md;Gs;s vd; kfNd! eP cd; fhaq;fisg; gw;wpNah> mit jUk; Ntjidiag; gw;wpNah

ftiyg;gltpy;iy. Mdhy; me;j ez;giug; gw;wpj;jhd; ftiyg;gLfpd;wha;! mJ jhd; cd; cs;sj;jpy; kpifj;J

epw;fpwJ. me;j msT mtH kPJ ghrk; nfhs;s mtH vd;d nra;jhNuh? eP VNjhnthd;wpdhy;

Ml;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sha; vdj; njhpfpwJ. ftiyg;glhNj! kfpo;r;rpahf ,U! cdJ ez;gH ve;jg; gpur;idAk;

,y;yhJ ey;y epiyapy; ,Uf;fpd;whH. mtUf;fhf tUj;jg;gLtij tpl;L tpl;L cd; epiy vg;gb vdf; $W!

vdf; fz;zPH ngUf me;j md;id Ntz;b epd;whH.

,g;gb jhAk; kfDk; rw;W Neuk; ciuahbdH. mg;NghJ jhahUila fUj;Jf;fs; GjpanjhU Nfhzj;jpypUe;J

tUtij czHe;j mG+gf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; md;idia md;Gld; cw;W Nehf;fpdhH. md;id ,];yhj;ij mwpAk;

Mty; nfhz;Ls;shH vd;gij czHe;j mtUf;F ,Ug;Gf; nfhs;stpy;iy. kfpo;r;rp kpFjpahy; jk;

clw;fhaq;fisf; $l kwe;J tpl;lhH! Mkhk;> ,g;gbahd kfpo;r;rpAk; kdepiwTk; mtuJ tho;tpy; vd;WNk

,Ue;jjpy;iy vd;w czHT mtUf;F vw;gl;L tpl;lJ.

md;wpuT mjpf Neuj;ij jk; md;idAld; fopj;j mG+gf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;> ,];yhj;jpd; Nkd;ik> ,iwj;J}jhpd;

caH Fzq;fs; vd;gd gw;wp mofhfTk; njspthfTk; vLj;Jf; $wpdhHfs;. mtHfsJ cs;sj;jpd; Moj;jpypUe;J

ntspg;gl;l me;jf; fUj;Jf;fs; me;j md;idapd; ,jaf; fjTfisj; jl;bj; jpwe;J nfhz;L cs;Ns nrd;wd!

Vw;fdNt jk; ike;jdpd; ew;gz;Gfis ed;F mwpe;jpUe;j mt;td;id> mNj kfd; %yk; ,];yhj;ijj; njhpe;J

nfhz;l NghJ Gj;JzHT ngw;whH. gbg;gbahf mthplk; gy khw;wq;fs; epfoyhapd.

Page 5: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

kWehs; fhiy> ck;Ky; ifH vd miof;fg;gl;l ry;kh gpe;jp rf;H mjhtJ mG+gf;fH (uyp) mtHfspd; md;id

,];yhj;ijj; jOTk; MHtk; nfhs;sNt> mtHfis egp (]y;) mtHfsplk; mioj;Jr; nrd;whH. mG+gf;fH (uyp)

mtHfs;> mg;nghOJ egpfshH mHfk; ,g;D mHfk; mtHfsJ ,y;yj;jpy; ,Ue;jhHfs;.

mG+gf;fH (uyp) mtHfSf;Ff; Fiw\paH nra;j nfhLikfs; egp (]y;) mtHfsJ nrtpfSf;Fk; vl;bapUe;jd.

mjdhy; nghpJk; ftiy mile;jpUe;jhHfs;. Jd;gk; Njha;e;j Kfj;Jld; Ntjidj; jhshJ tUthH mG+gf;fH

vd;gij epidf;f epidf;f egpfshhpd; cs;sk; fLk; Ntjidg;gl;lJ.

Mdhy;> md;W fhiy jpBnud kyHe;j Kfj;Jld; mq;F te;j mG+gf;fH (uyp) mtHfisf; fz;lJk; csk;

G+hpj;Jg; NghdhHfs;. $lNt mtuJ md;idAk; te;jpUg;gJ egpfshUf;F Mr;rhpaj;ijf; nfhLj;J tpl;lJ.

egp (]y;) mtHfisf; fz;lJk; jhd; jhkjk;> m];]yhK miyf;Fk; ah u]_Yy;yh`;! vd nkhope;jthNw

mtHfisf; fl;bj; jOtpdhH mG+gf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;.

egp (]y;) mtHfSk; mNj ghrTzHTld;> "t miyf;F];]yhk; mG+gf;fNu!" vd;W gjpypWj;jJld;> vd;DapH

ez;gh! ,iwaUshy; eykhf ,Uf;fpd;wPHfs; my;yth? vd thQ;irAld; tpdtpdhHfs;.

Mkhk;! ah u]_Yy;yh`;! vd; ngw;NwhH jq;fSf;F mHg;gzkhfl;Lk;! ehd; eykhf ,Uf;fpd;Nwd;. vd;idg;

ngw;w md;G md;id rj;jpaj;ij Vw;f te;Js;shH. fUizAld; mij mtHfSf;Ff; fw;Wf; nfhLq;fs;! vd

gzptd;Gld; gjpy; $wpdhH mG+gf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;.

fUizNa cUthd egp (]y;) mtHfs; ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wpa ,dpa tpsf;fnkhd;iw me;j mk;ikahUf;F

toq;fpdhHfs;. mLj;J> mtH Vfj;Jt fypkhit nkhope;J ,];yhj;ijj; jdJ tho;f;if newpahf Vw;Wf;

nfhz;lhH.

,tUld; ,];yhj;ijj; jOtpa kf;fhthrpfspd; vz;zpf;if ehw;gjhf caHe;jJ. ,e;j tsHr;rp K];ypk;fSf;F

kl;byh kfpo;r;rpiaf; nfhLj;jJ vdyhk;.

vdpDk;> mG+gf;fH (uyp) mtHfspd; gD}jkPk; Nfhj;jpuj;jpdhpilNa Mj;jpuKk; mikjpapd;ikAk; miy Nkhjpf;

nfhz;bUe;jd. ve;j Neuj;jpYk; vJTk; epfoyhk; vd;w gjw;w epiy vq;Fk; epytpaJ.

,];yhj;jpd; Muk;g fhyq;fs; vt;thW nfhLikahf ,Ue;jJ vd;gij fPo;f;fhZk; rk;gtk; %yk; ehk; mwpe;J

nfhs;syhk;. GfhhP vd;w egpnkhopj; njhFg;gpy; fhzg;glf; $ba ,e;jr; rk;gtk;> ,d;iwf;Fk; ekf;F ey;ynjhU

gbg;gpidahf ,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

xUKiw f/ghtpd; Rthpd; kPJ rha;e;J nfhz;bUe;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; fg;ghg; (uyp) mtHfs;

Nfl;lhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNs! vjphpfspd; nfhLik jhq;f Kbahj msT cs;sJ. ePq;fs;

vq;fSf;fhf ,iwtdplj;jpy; gpuhHj;jpf;ff; $lhjh? vq;fsJ rpukq;fis mjd; %yk; Nghf;ff; $lhjh? vd;W

jhd; Nfl;lhHfs;.

mikjpahf ,Ue;j me;j tjdk;> Nfhitr; rptg;ghfpaJ> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ tjdKk; kl;Lky;y>

thHj;ijfSk; $l #lhf te;jJ. NjhoNu! cq;fSf;F Kd; xU rKjhak; cq;fisg; NghyNt ,iwek;gpf;if;

nfhz;bUe;jJ. mjd; fhuzkhf mtHfsJ vYk;Gfs; njhpAk; msTf;F> ,Uk;Gr; rPg;G nfhz;L rijfs;

rPtg;gl;ld. mtHfsJ jiyfs; NtwhfTk; Kz;lq;fs; NtwhfTk; ,U $whfg; gpsf;fg;gl;ld. ,d;Dk;

epr;rakhf! rd;M tpypUe;J `juy;kt;j; vd;w ,lk; tUk; tiuAk;> xU Fjpiu tPud; jd;de;jdpahf ,iwtidg;

gw;wpa mr;rj;ijj; jtpu NtW ve;j mr;rKkpd;wp gazk; nra;af; $ba epiy tUk;> ePq;fs; ntw;wp ngWtPHfs;>

mjpy; ve;j re;NjfKk;gl Ntz;lhk; vd;W $wp Kbj;jhHfs;.

mgPrPdpahtpw;Fg; gazkhFjy; (`p[;uj;)

,iwepuhfhpg;ghsHfspd; nfhLikfs; kpjkpQ;rpr; nrd;W nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ

NjhoHfis kf;fhit tpl;L mgPrpdpahtpw;Fg; gazkhFk;gb mwpTWj;jpdhHfs;. me;j fhyfl;lj;jpy; mgPrPdpahit

Mz;l fpwp];jt kd;dH ePjpf;Fk;> ,uf;fj;jpw;Fk; ,d;Dk; mq;F milf;fyk; Njbr; nry;NthHfspd; kPJ fUiz

fhl;lf; $batuhf ,Ue;jhH. ,e;j jUzj;jpy; K];ypk;fs; ,uz;L gphpthf mgPrPdpahtpw;Fg; gazkhdhHfs;.

Kjy; FOtpy; 11 Mz;fSk; 4 ngz;fSk; ,lk; ngw;wpUe;jhHfs;. ,uz;lhtJ FOtpy; 80 f;Fk; Nkw;gl;ltHfs;

,Ue;jhHfs;. ,e;j ,uz;L FOitAk; mDg;gp tpl;L> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kjPdhtpNyNa ,Ue;J

nfhz;lhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kf;fhtpNyNa jq;fp tpl;ljd; fhuzj;jhy;> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSk;

Page 6: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

kf;fhtpNyNa jd; MUapHj; NjhoUld; ,Uf;fNt tpUk;gpdhHfs;. ,Ug;gpDk;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; mGgf;fH

(uyp) mtHfisAk; mgPrPdpahtpw;Fg; gazkhFk;gb cj;jutpl;lhHfs;. jdJ jiytUf;Ff; fl;Lg;gLtjpy; ,d;gk;

fz;l NjhoH mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;> ,g;nghOJ jdJ FLk;gj;jtHfs; midthplKk; gphpah tpil nfhLj;J

tpl;L> mgPrPdpahit Nehf;fpg; gazkhdhHfs;.

mtH gazkhfpf; nfhz;bUe;j topapy; ,g;D Jf;dh> ghHf; my; fhkpj; vd;w ,lj;jpy; trpj;J te;j fhuh

Nfhj;jpuj;jhhpd; jiytuhfpa ,g;D Jf;dhitr; re;jpf;f NeHe;jJ. mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ me;j epiyiaf;

fz;l ,g;D Jf;dh mtHfs;> mGgf;fH mtHfNs ePq;fs; vq;F nrd;W nfhz;bUf;fpd;wPHfs;? vd;Dila kf;fs;

kf;fhit tpl;Lk; vd;id ntspNaw;wp tpl;ljd; fhuzkhf> ehd; ,g;nghOJ mgPrPdpahit Nehf;fpg; gazkhfpf;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwd; vd;whHfs;.

ck;ikg; Nghd;w xU kdpjiu ,e;j kf;fhthrpfs; Ciu tpl;L ntspNaw;wp tpl;lhHfsh? $lhJ.

ePH f\;lg;gLfpd;wtHfs; kPJ ,uf;fk; fhl;Lfpd;wPHfs;> tpUe;jpdHfis tuNtw;W cgrhpf;fpd;wPHfs;> gpwuJ

f\;lq;fis ePq;fs; gq;F nfhs;fpd;wPHfs;> ,j;jifa ew;Fzq;fisg; ngw;w ePH Vd; ckJ ehl;il tpl;Lg; Nghf

Ntz;Lk;. ehd; cq;fsJ ghJfhg;gpw;fhfg; nghWg;Ngw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. thUq;fs;! ehDk; ePq;fSk; kf;fhtpw;Nf

kPz;Lk; NghNthk;. cq;fsJ ghJfhg;gpw;F ehd; nghWg;Ngw;Wf; nfhs;tNjhL> ePH ckJ ,iwtidAk;

Rje;jpuj;NjhL topgl;L tuTk; Vw;ghL nra;fpd;Nwd; vd;W $wpa ,g;D Jf;dh> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfis

mioj;Jf; nfhz;L kf;fhtpw;Fr; nry;fpd;whH.

md;W khiy Neuj;jpy;> kf;fj;Jg; ngUe;jiyfs; $bapUe;j me;j mitapy; ,g;D Jf;dh mtHfs; ,t;thW

ciu epfo;j;jp> mtHfsplk; Nfl;lhHfs;> ViofSf;F ,uf;fg;gl;l> cq;fsJ f\;lq;fspy; gq;F nfhz;l>

cq;fsJ rpukq;fisf; fz;L XNlhb te;J cjtpa ,e;j kdpjH rj;jpaj;ij Vw;Wg; gpd;gw;wpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whH

vd;w fhuzj;jpw;fhfth ePq;fis mtiu ehl;il tpl;Lj; Juj;Jfpd;wPHfs;?

mGgf;fH mtHfis ehL flj;jNth my;yJ mtuJ nrhe;j tpUg;gj;jpd; ngahpNyh mtH ,e;j efuj;ij tpl;Lr;

nry;y mDkjpf;f KbahJ.

,g;nghOJ> ,g;D Jf;dh mspj;j ghJfhg;G cj;jputhjj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;l Fiw\pfs; $wpdhHfs;>

mGgf;fH mtHfs; ,e;j Chpy; ,Ug;gjpy; vq;fSf;F Ml;Nrgiz ,y;iy> Mdhy;> mtH mtuJ ,iwtid

mtuJ tPl;bd; ehd;F RtHfSf;Fs; itj;J tzq;fpf; nfhs;sl;Lk;. mtH mtuJ ,iwtidg; gpuhHj;jpf;Fk;

nghUl;L rj;jkpl;L mtH FHMd; trdq;fis kf;fis $Lk; jpwe;j ntspfspy; Xjf; $lhJ. Vndd;why;

vq;fsJ gps;isfSk; ngz;fSk; ,jid top jtwp tpLthHfNsh vd;W ehq;fs; gag;gLfpd;Nwhk;! vd;Wk;

$wpdhHfs;.

kpf ePz;l Nahridf;Fg; gpd; Fiw\paHfspd; ,e;j fl;Lg;ghLfSf;F xj;Jf; nfhz;L> mjd;gb elf;f mGgf;fH

(uyp) mtHfs; elf;fr; rk;kjpj;jhHfs;. ,iwtd; kPJs;s ,iwek;gpf;if vd;gJ Fg;gpf;Fs; ,Uf;Fk; thridj;

jputpak; Nghd;wJ. mij ,Wf %bdhYk; mjd; thrid ntsp vl;bg; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;L jhNd ,Uf;Fk;. jdJ

,iwek;gpf;ifia %b kiwf;f ,ayhj mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;> jdJ tPl;bw;F ntspNa rpwpa gs;spthry;

xd;iwf; fl;b mjpy;> ,iwtidj; njhOJ tu Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

,sfpa kdk; gilj;j mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;> ,iwtrdq;fis Xj Muk;gpj;jTld; mo Muk;gpj;J tpLthHfs;.

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ ,e;j nray;ghLfis kf;fj;J ,isQHfisAk;> ngz;fisAk; Mr;rhpaj;jpy;

Moj;jpaJ> ,d;Dk; ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp jhq;fSk; mwpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;w MtYk; mtHfsplk;

kpifj;jJ. ,g;nghOJ> kpfTk; c\huhfpg; Nghd kf;fj;Jf; Fiw\pfs; ,g;D Jf;dhtplk; nrd;W Kiwapl

Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

cq;fs; Kd; Vw;Wf; nfhz;l xg;ge;jq;fis mGgf;fH mtHfs; kPwp tpl;;lhHfs;. mtH tPl;bd; Kd; xU

gs;spthriyf; fl;bf; nfhz;L> mjpy; njhOif elj;JtJld; ,iwtrdq;fis XjTk; Muk;gpj;J tpl;lhHfs;.

,jd; fhuzkhf vq;fsJ ngz;fSk;> Foe;ijfSk; top jtwpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs;! vd;W Gyk;gp Kiwapl

Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

vdNt> ,jid ePq;fs; Nehpy; te;J fz;L mGgf;fiuj; jpUj;Jq;fs;. ehq;fs; cq;fSld; nra;J nfhz;l

xg;ge;jj;ij kPWtjw;F tpUk;gtpy;iy mNjNeuj;jpy;> mGgf;fH mtHfis ,Nj epiyapy; tpl;L tplTk;

vq;fSf;Fr; rk;kjkpy;iy> mtH mtuJ gs;spthrypy; njhOtijAk;> mq;F ,iwkiw trdq;fis cuf;f

Page 7: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

XJtijAk; ehq;fs; mDkjpf;f KbahJ vd;W Gyk;gpdhHfs;.

Fiw\pfspd; KiwaPLfis vLj;Jiuj;j ,g;D Jf;dh mtHfsplk;> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; ,t;thW

$wpdhHfs;> ,g;D Jf;dh mtHfNs! cq;fsJ ghJfhg;gpw;F kpf;f ed;wp! jaT nra;J ePq;fs; vdf;fhfg;

nghWg;Ngw;wpUe;j me;j ghJfhg;ig ePq;fs; jaTnra;J> thg]; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. ehd; vd;idg;

gilj;jtdpd; ghJfhg;gpy; ,Ug;gijNa tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. mjpy; jhd; ehd; re;Njh\kilfpd;Nwd; vd;W

$wpdhHfs;.

`p[;uj;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F Kjd; Kjyhf ,iwNtjk; mUsg;gl;l ehspypUe;J 13 tUlq;fs; mtHfs;

kf;fhtpy; jq;fp ,Ue;J gpur;rhuk; gzpfisr; nra;a Ntz;bapUe;jJ. ,e;jg; 13 tUl fhyKk; mtHfs; nra;J

nfhz;bUe;j me;j gpur;rhug; gzpfs; gy;NtW ,ilA+WfSf;F kj;jpapYk; kpfTk; cWjpahfTk;> epjhdkhfTk;

ele;J nfhz;bUe;jJ> ,j;jifa gzpf;F <lhdnjhd;W ,d;W tiuf;Fk; ve;j rKjha tuyhw;wpYk; fpilahJ.

,e;jg; gpur;rhug; gzpfspd; nghOJ ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;Fk; ,d;Dk; mtHfis tha;ikahfg; gpd;gw;wpa

NjhoHfSf;Fk; me;j Fiw\pfs; nrhy;nyhz;zhj; Jd;gq;fisj; je;j NghJk;> me;jj; Jd;gq;fs; ahTk;

mtHfsJ gpr;rhug; gzpfSf;F GJ cj;Ntfj;ijAk;> ,d;Dk; Cf;fj;ijANk je;J nfhz;bUe;jJ. NkYk;>

Fiw\pfspd; me;jj; jhf;Fjy;fis> mjhtJ fhl;Lkpuhz;bfs; Nghy; mtHfs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSld;

ele;J nfhz;l mtHfsJ me;j NghHf;Fzk; nfhz;l <dr; nray;fis> mtHfs; jd;de;jdpahf vjpHnfhz;L

rkhspj;J te;jhHfs;> mjpy; jd;idAk; jd;Dila khHf;fj;ijAk; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhz;L> ,iwtidNa Kw;wpYk;

rhHe;jtHfshf ,e;j kdpj rKjhaj;ij mbikj; jisfspypUe;J tpbtpf;f te;j me;j tpbnts;sp gpufhrpj;Jf;

nfhz;bUe;jNjhL kl;Lky;y> jd;idg; gpd;gw;wpatHfSf;F topfhl;bAk; nfhz;bUe;jJ.

fhyk; fhykhf jq;fsJ %jhijaHfspd; Fy tof;fg;gb ,iz itj;J tzq;Fk; nfhba gof;fj;ijf;

filgpbj;J te;j me;j kf;fj;Jf; Fiw\pfs;> ,d;Dk; gy;NtW gLghjfr; nray;fis jaf;fkpy;yhJ nra;J

te;j mtHfs;> ,];yhj;jpid Vw;Wf; nfhz;ljd; gpd;G kpfTk; ehfhPf kdpjHfshf khw;wk; ngw;whHfs;.

ehNlhbfshf ehfhPfkw;wtHfshfj; jphpe;j mtHfs; ,g;nghOJ mNugpag; gpuNjrj;jpd; Ml;rpahsHfshf khw;wk;

ngw;whHfs;. ,d;Dk; mjid tpl kdpjNea kpf;f jiytHfshf khwpg; NghdhHfs;. ,e;j khw;wk; ,uj;jk; rpe;jpg;

ngwg;gl;ljy;y> khwhf rj;jpak; mtHfsplk; Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fk; jhd; vdyhk;. NkYk; ,e;j cyfk; ,e;j rj;jpag;

Gs;spfis fz;l khj;jpuNk jd;Dila ,Uis mfw;wpf; nfhz;L> rj;jpa ntspr;rk; gl;lTld;> me;j mrj;jpa

,Us;fs; jhdhfNt mtHfsJ kdg; gpuNjrj;ij tpl;Lk;> ,d;Dk; me;j #o;epiyfis tpl;Lk; mfd;W>

rj;jpaj;Jf;F toptpl;L mrj;jpak; mfd;Nw NghdJ.

,];yhj;jpd; me;j Muk;g fhy %d;whz;Lfspd; ,];yhkpag; gpur;rhuk; kpfTk; ,ufrpakhf ele;Njwpf; nfhz;bUe;j

Ntisapy;> mGgf;fH (uyp)> myp (uyp)> cJkhd; (uyp)> ,d;Dk; mg;JH u`;khd; ,g;D mt;/g; (uyp) Nghd;w

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; cw;w NjhoHfs; ,];yhj;jpy; Eioe;J> jq;fsJ ngaHfis ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy;

Kd;dpWj;jpf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

gpd;G ,];yhkpag; gpur;rhuj;ij ntspg;gilahfr; nra;tjw;F ,iwtd; mDkjp toq;fpajd; gpd;G> ,];yhkpag;

gpur;rhuk; ntspg;gilahf nra;ag;gl;L> KO mNugpa rKjhaj;jpw;Fk; ,d;Dk; KO kdpj rKjhaj;jpw;F

tpLf;fg;gl;l me;j miog;G> mNugpag; ghiyg; ngUntspapd; kiyfspYk;> tay; ntspfspYk;> rkntspg;gFjpfspYk;

vq;fpDk; xypf;f Muk;gpj;jJ. md;W Muk;gpj;J itf;fg;gl;l me;j Vfj;Jtg; gpur;rhug; gzp ,d;wsTk; cyfpd;

ehyh ghfq;fspYk; vjpnuhypj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. ,d;Dk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ me;j cw;w

NjhoHfs; jhq;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;l rj;jpaj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;L> cyfpd; ehyh gFjpfSf;Fk; gutpr; nrd;W

mtw;iwg; gug;Gk; gzpfspy; jq;fis <LgLj;jpf; nfhs;s Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

,];yhkpag; gpur;rhug; gzpapd; Muk;gf; fl;lj;jpy;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kf;fhtpDs; jdJ gpur;rhug;

gzpia ntspg;gilahfr; nra;a Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. Muk;gg; gpur;rhug; gzpfs; me;jsT vspjhdnjhU gzpahf

,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,d;Dk; cw;rhf%l;Lk; mstpYk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. Mdhy; kf;fhtpd; ntspg;Gwg; gFjpapy; itj;J>

kjPdhtpy; ,Ue;J te;j rpyH ,];yhj;jpd; nra;jpfis ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; %ykhf ftdkhfTk;> Mo;e;j

ftdj;NjhLk; nrtpkLj;jjd; gpd;G> xU kpfg; nghpa khw;wk; ,];yhkpag; gpur;rhuj;jpy; Vw;gl;lJ. mjd; fhuzkhf>

,uz;L %d;W Mz;Lfspy; KO kjPdhTNk KO ,];yhkpa gpur;rhuf; Nfe;jpukhf khwpj;jhd; NghdJ jhd;

tpe;ijahd mjprakhFk;.

Page 8: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,g;nghOJ kjPdh K];ypk;fisg; ghJfhf;ff; $ba gpuNjrkhf> K];ypk;fs; milf;fyk; Njbr; nry;Yk; ,lkhf

khwpg; Nghdjd; gpd;G> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kf;fhtpy; cs;s jdJ NjhoHfis kjPdhtpw;F `p[;uj;

nra;Ak;gb gzpj;jhHfs;. mjd; gpd; ehd;F khjq;fs; fopj;J> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNs kjPdhtpw;F `p[;uj;

nra;J nrd;W tpl;lhHfs;.

kpfg; ngUk; NjhoHfshd ckH (uyp) mtHfs; Kjw;nfhz;L> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F Kd;ghfNt `p[;uj;

nra;J kjPdhtpw;Fr; nrd;W tpl;lhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ MUapHj; Njhoiug; ghHj;Jf;

Nfl;lhHfs;>

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNs..! vdJ MUapHj; NjhoH mtHfNs..!

ehd; vg;nghOJ `p[;uj; nra;J kjPdhtpw;F nry;tJ? vdf;F mDkjp cz;lh? vd;W Nfl;lhHfs;.

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfNs..! vd ,il epWj;jpa ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;..! ehDk; jhd; cq;fisg; Nghyf;

fhj;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;> ,iwtdJ cj;juT tul;Lk; nghUq;fs; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ njhiyNehf;Fr; rpe;jid ,g;nghOJ Ntiy nra;jJ. ehk; kl;Lk; jdpahfg; Nghfg;

Nghtjpy;iy. ek;Kld; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSk; tu ,Uf;fpd;whHfs; Nghyy;yth njhpfpd;wJ..! ,dp ehk;

gazj;jpw;fhd Vw;ghLfisr; nra;a Ntz;baJ jhd; vd KbT nra;j mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; gazj;jpw;fhd

xl;liffisAk;> gaz topfhl;biaAk; Vw;ghL nra;a Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,jw;fhf ,uz;L xl;lfq;fisj;

jahHgLj;jpdhHfs;.

tof;fkhf mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ tPl;bw;F khiyapNyh my;yJ fhiyapNyh jhd; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

nry;tJ tof;fkhf ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; ,g;nghOJ tof;fj;jpw;F khw;wkhf> jiyapy; xU kiwg;ig itj;Jf;

nfhz;L me;jf; fLikahd ntapy; Neuj;jpy; kjpa Neuj;jpy; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ ,y;yj;jpDs; ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfs; Eiofpd;whHfs;. mg;nghOJ jdJ FLk;gj;jtHfSld; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; mkHe;J Ngrpf;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;w Ntisapy;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ tUifiaf; fz;l mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;> vdJ

jhAk; je;ijAk; cq;fSf;F mw;gzkhfl;Lk;..! vdJ MUapHj; NjhoNu...! ePq;fs; fhuzkpy;yhky; ,e;j mfhy

Ntisapy; tu khl;BHfs; vd;gJ jpz;zk;..!

,g;nghOJ fjTf;F kpf mUfpy; te;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; fjitj; jl;b cs;Ns tu mDkjp

NfhUfpd;whHfs;. cs;Ns te;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfNs..! ehd; cq;fSld;

jdpikapy; ciuahl Ntz;Lk;..!

vd;Dld; vdJ ,uz;L kfs;jhd; ,Uf;fpd;whHfs;. mtHfisj; jtpu ,q;F NtW ahUkpy;iy NjhoNu..! vd;W

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsplkpUe;J gjpy; te;jJ.

NjhoNu..! ekf;F mDkjp te;J tpl;lJ. ,g;nghOJ kjPdhtpw;Fg; gazkhf Ntz;Lk;.

ehd; cq;fSld; tUtJ gw;wpa KbT? vd;whHfs; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; kpfTk; MtYld;..!

ePq;fSk; jhd; vd;Dld; tUfpd;wPHfs;..! vd;Dld; tUtjw;F cq;fSf;Fk; mDkjp fpilj;jpUf;fpd;wJ..! ,J

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplkpUe;J gjpyhf te;jJ.

,e;j rk;gtj;ijg; gw;wp Map\h (uyp) mtHfsJ tpthpg;gijg; ghUq;fs;..!

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSld; `p[;uj; nra;tjw;F mDkjp fpilj;J tpl;lij mwpe;J vdJ je;ij

Mde;jj;jpy;> re;Njh\khdJ fz;zPuhf mtuJ fz;fspypUe;J tope;J nfhz;bUe;jJ.

,g;nghOJ> gazj;jpw;Fj; Njitg;gLk; Nehf;fpy; jahH nra;ag;gl;l ,uz;L xl;lfq;fisj; jdJ Njhohpd;

Kd;dhy; epWj;jpa mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNs..! ,uz;by; xd;iwj; jq;fSf;fhfj;

NjHT nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs; vd;whHfs;. xd;iwj; NjHT nra;J nfhz;l ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> mjw;fhd

fpuag;gzj;ijAk; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsplk; nfhLj;jhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ ,UtUk; md;iwa ,uNt kf;fhit

tpl;Lk; fpsk;gp tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;w KbthfpaJ.

,g;nghOJ mGgf;fH (uyp) kw;Wk; myp (uyp) mtHfisj; jtpu..! kw;w midj;J gpugykhf egpj;NjhoHfSk;

kf;fhit tpl;Lk; kjPdhtpw;F `p[;uj; nra;J nrd;W tpl;bUe;jhHfs;. ,jpy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk;

kf;fj;J kf;fs; nfhLj;J itj;jpUe;j mkhdpjg; nghUl;fis jpUg;gp xg;gilf;Fk; nghUl;L> me;jg;

nghUl;fSf;Fg; ghJfhg;ghf> myp (uyp) mtHfis ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; epakpj;jhHfs;. mGgf;fH (uyp)

Page 9: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

mtHfNsh..! ,g;nghOJ ,iwj;J}jH(]y;) mtHfSld; gazg;gl ,Uf;fpd;whHfs;.

epHzapf;fg;gl;l me;j ,uT Neuj;jpy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSk;> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSk; kf;fhit tpl;Lk;

Gwg;gl;L> jt;H Fifapy; jQ;rkile;jhHfs;. mq;F %d;W ehl;fs; jq;fp ,Ue;jhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kf;fhit tpl;Lk; Gwg;gl;L tpl;lhHfs; vd;gij mwpe;j Fiw\pj; jiytHfs;

Nfhgkile;jhHfs;. mtiu vg;gbahtJ capUld; my;yJ gpzkhfNth gpbj;J tpl Ntz;Lk; fq;fzk; fl;br;

nray;gl;lhHfs;.

,e;j epiyapy; jt;H Fifapy; ,UtUk; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ jhd; fPo;f;fz;l trdj;ij my;yh`;

,wf;fp mUsp> jdJ cz;ik mbahHfSf;F MWjy; toq;fpdhd;.

Fifapy; ,Uthpy; xUtuhf ,Ue;j NghJ> (ek; J}jH) jk; Njhohplk;> ''ftiyg;glhjPHfs;; epr;rakhf my;yh`;

ek;Kld; ,Uf;fpd;whd;"" vd;W $wpdhH. mg;NghJ mtH kPJ my;yh`; jd; rhe;jpia ,wf;fp itJjhd;; NkYk;

ePq;fs; ghHf;f Kbahg; gilfisf; nfhz;L mtiug; gyg;gLj;jpdhd;;. (9:40)

kf;fhtpypUe;J kjPdhtpw;Fr; nry;Yk; tof;fkhd ghijia tpl;L tpl;L> flNyhu khHf;fkhf kjPdhitr;

nrd;wile;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSf;F 49 taJk;> 6 khjq;fSk; Mfp ,Ue;jJ> mtHfsJ

jiyKb fWg;G epwj;jpypUe;J rw;W epwk; kq;fj; njhlq;fp ,Ue;jJ. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F 53

tajhfpapUe;j NghjpYk;> jiyKb fWj;Jk;> mlHj;jpahfTk; ,Ue;jJ.

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;l nghOJ> 40 Mapuk; jpH`k;fSf;F nrhe;jf; fhuuhf ,Ue;j

mtH> ,g;nghOJ ntWk; 5 Mapuk; jpH`k;fs; kl;LNk kPjkpUe;jJ. mtH jd;Dila nrhj;Jf;fspy; mjpfkhdij

,iwtDila topapy; nryT nra;jtuhfNt ,Ue;jhH. ,g;nghOJ> kPjkpUe;j me;j nrhj;ijAk;> jd;DlNdNa

kjPdhtpw;F vLj;J te;J tpl;lhH. mtH jdJ kidtpiaAk;> gps;isfisAk;> ,d;Dk; jdJ ngw;NwhHfisAk;

,iwtdJ ghJfhg;gpd; fPo; jhd; tpl;L te;jpUe;jhH. mtHfSf;nfd vjidAk; tpl;L tpl;L te;jpUf;ftpy;iy.

je;ijapd; kdf;FKwy;

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; kjPdhtpw;F `p[;uj; nrd;W tpl;lij mwpe;j mtuJ je;ijahuhd mG+ F`/gh mtHfs;

kpfTk; ftiyAw;whHfs;> tprdg;gl;lhHfs;. jftywpe;jTld; Neuhf jdJ Ngj;jpahd m];kh (uyp) mtHfsplk;

te;J> m];khNt..! cdJ je;ijahH kf;fhit tpl;L kjPdhtpw;Fr; nrd;W tpl;ljhf mwpfpd;Nwd;..! ,d;Dk;

,Ue;j gzj;ijAk; jd;Dld; vLj;J tpl;lhNuh..? vd;W tpdTfpd;whH.

,y;iy..! ,y;iy..! ekf;fhf vdJ je;ijahH XusT gzj;ij tpl;L tpl;Lr; nrd;wpUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;W $wpa

m];kh (uyp) mtHfs;> mG+F`/ghit ifj;jhq;fyhf mioj;Jf; nfhz;L> Jzpapdhy; Rw;wg;gl;lnjhU

%l;ilapy; rpy Xl;Lj; Jz;Lfis epug;gp itj;J> fz; njhpahj mthpd; iffis mjDs; tpl;L> mtNu mjid

njhl;Lg; ghHj;J> jpUg;gp mila itf;fpd;whHfs;.

fz; njhpahj mtH> mjidg; gzk; vd ek;gp> ,e;jsT gzj;ij mGgf;fH tpl;L tpl;Lr; nrd;wpUg;gjhy;>

ekf;Ff; ftiyapy;iy vd;W $Wfpd;whHfs;.

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ `p[;uj;Jf;Fg; gpd; mtuJ tPl;by; ele;j fPof;fz;l rk;gtKk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

ngWfpd;wJ.

m];kh (uyp) mtHfs; tPl;by; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs;. mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfSld; `p[;uj; nrd;W tpl;lij mwpe;J Fiw\pj; jiytHfs; gyH xd;W NrHe;J mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ

tPl;bw;F tUfpd;whHfs;. mt;thW te;jtHfspd; jiytdhf te;j mG[`y;> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ tPl;Lf;

fjit gyk; nfhz;l kl;Lk; jl;Lfpd;whd;.

ntspNa te;j m];kh (uyp) mtHfsplk;> vq;Nf cdJ je;ijahH..? mG[`y; d; thapypUe;J thHj;ijfs;

neUg;gha; tpOe;jd.

mtiug; gw;wp vdf;F xd;Wk; njhpahJ.. ,J m];kh (uyp) mtHfsJ gjpy;..!

vd;d cdf;Fj; njhpahjh? vd;W NfhghNtrg;gl;l mG[`y;> m];kh (uyp) mtHfspd; fd;dj;jpy; Xq;fp

miwa..> m];kh(uyp) mtHfspd; fhjpy; Nghl;bUe;j NjhL fod;W Rthpy; gl;Lj; njhpj;J tpOe;jJ.

Page 10: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

ugpAy; mt;ty; khjk; 12 k; ehs;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSk;> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSk; kpfTk; gj;jpukhf

kjPdh efiu te;jile;jhHfs;.

J}uj;jpy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSk;> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSk; te;J nfhz;bUg;gijf; fz;l kjPdj;J

kf;fSf;F tUtjpy; ahH ,iwj;J}juhf ,Uf;Fk; vd;W Nfs;tp Jisj;njLj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. mtHfsJ

re;Njfk; tYf;f tYf;f mtHfsJ ,jaj; Jbg;G cr;rj;Jf;Fr; nry;fpd;wJ.

,g;nghOJ ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ Kfj;jpy; gl;l ntapiy kiwg;gjw;fhf> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;> jdJ

Jz;il vLj;J ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ Kfj;jpw;F Filahfg; gpbf;fpd;whHfs;. ,g;nghOJ jhd; me;j

kjPdj;J kf;fSf;F re;Njfk; jPHe;jJ. Mfh..! Fil gpbg;gtH mtuJ NjhoH..! Filf;Fs; ,Ug;gtH jhd;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; vd;w KbTf;F te;j gpd; jhd; mtHfsJ ehbj; Jbg;Gk; rw;W ,wq;f Muk;gpj;jJ.

kjPdhit ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; mile;jJk;> Kjy; gzpahf kjPdj;J md;]hHfisAk;> kf;fj;J

K`h[pHfisAk; xd;wpizj;J rNfhjuj;J ge;jj;ij cUthf;fpdhHfs;. me;j mbg;gilapy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs;> /fhhp[h gpd; i]j; (uyp) mtHfis mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ Njhouhf ,izj;J itj;jhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ jdJ ,y;yj;jpw;F jdJ rNfhjuuhf mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfis /fhhp[h gpd; i]j; (uyp) mioj;Jr;

nry;fpd;whHfs;. jdJ nrhj;Jf;fisAk;> jdJ clikfisAk; Rl;bf; fhl;ba /fhhp[h (uyp) mtHfs;>

rNfhjuNu..! ,e;j nrhj;Jf;fspy; rhp ghjpia vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,d;Dk; vdf;F ,uz;L kidtpfs;

cz;L. ePq;fs; tpUk;Gk; kidtpia ehd; tpthfuj;Jr; nra;J jUfpd;Nwd;. ePq;fs; kzKbj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;

vd;W rw;Wg; Ngr;ir epWj;jpdhH.

midj;ijAk; epjhdkhff; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;j mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;> rNfhjuNu..! cq;fsJ

ngUe;jd;ikf;F kpf;f ed;wpfs; gy..! ,jpy; vJ xd;Wk; vdf;Fj; Njitapy;iy vd;W gjpy; $wpdhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ FLk;gk;

kjPdhtpw;Fr; nrd;wjpypUe;J VO khjq;fs;> mG ma;A+g; my; md;]hhp (uyp) mtHfsJ ,y;yj;jpy; ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfs; jq;fp ,Ue;jhHfs;. gpd;G kjPdj;J egtp gs;spiaf; fl;Ltjw;fhd ,lj;ijj; NjHT nra;J>

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsplkpUe;J gzj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;L> me;j ,lj;jpy; gs;spiaAk; fl;bdhHfs;. mjidr;

Rw;wpYk; tPLfisf; fl;bf; nfhs;s ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; mDkjpj;jhHfs;. mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;

[d;dy; fjT gs;spia Nehf;fp ,Ug;gJ Nghy xU tPl;ilAk; fl;bf; nfhz;lhHfs;. gs;spthry; fl;Lkhdg;

gzpfs; ele;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ> rpyiu kf;fhtpw;F mDg;gp jdJ FLk;gj;jtHfis mioj;J tUk;gb

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; gzpj;jhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSila FLk;gj;jtHfSld;> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ FLk;gj;jtHfSk;

,ize;J kjPdhtpw;F te;J> gioa tPl;by; mjhtJ Rd;`; vd;w ,lj;jpy; jq;fpdhHfs;.

Fwpg;G :

`p[uj; kw;Wk; mjpy; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfspd; gq;F Fwpj;J tphpthf mwpe;J nfhs;s `p[;uj; vd;w E}iyg;

ghHitapLf!!

,j;Jld; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSld; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSila `p[;uj; gaz tuyhW KbTf;F

te;jhYk;> ,jpypUe;J jhd; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfspd; fpyhgj; - mjhtJ ,];yhkpa ck;kj;jpd; Kjy; fyPgh

Ml;rpg; gpujpepjpahfg; ghpzkhk; milfpd;whHfs;. mjw;fhd jFjpfSk;> mDgtq;fSk; ,jpypUe;J jhd;

Muk;gkhfpd;wd vd;gij tuyhW mwpe;jtHfs; $Wk; cz;ikahFk;. NkYk;> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ

tho;f;ifia ehk; NkYk; Ma;T nra;tnjd;why;> mJ ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSila tho;f;ifNahL>

mtHfsJ tuyhw;NwhL gpz;zpg; gpize;J tuf; $bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. mjpYk; ,j;Jld; ckH (uyp) mtHfsJ

tho;f;ifAk;> gpize;Nj nry;Yk;.

vdNt> RUf;fk; fUjpAk;> ,d;Dk; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ tho;f;ifia mjpfk; RUf;fp tplhkYk;> mtHfsJ

tho;f;ifapy; ele;j Kf;fpa rk;gtq;fis fPof;fhZk; jiyg;Gfspd; fPo; ,d;\h my;yh`; ehk; ghHf;f

,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;.

· gj;H Aj;jk; `p[;hp 2 Mk; Mz;L

· c`J Aj;jk;> ukshd; 3

Page 11: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

· mfo; Aj;jk;

· `{ijgpa;ah cld;gbf;if> Jy;fhapjh 6

· ifgH Aj;jk;> K`Huk; 7

· kf;fh ntw;wp> ukshd; 8

· `{idd; Aj;jk;

· jG+f; Aj;jk;> u[g; 9

· `puhf;spa];

· `[; - jiyikg; nghWg;G tfpj;jy;

· ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; kuzk; (12> ugpAy; mt;ty; 11)

,j;Jld; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfspd; Muk;g tho;f;if KbTw> mjid mLj;J ,uz;lhtJ ghfkhf fyPgh

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfspd; tho;T kyUk; ,d;\h my;yh`;.

gj;H Aj;jk; `p[;hp 2 Mk; Mz;L

gjH Aj;jk; eilngWtjw;F Kd; ,Ue;j #o;epiyfis ehk; Muha;e;J ghHj;Njhkhdhy;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfSk;> mtHfsJ mUikj; NjhoHfSk; kf;fj;Jf; Fiw\pfs; je;j nrhy;nyhz;zh td;nfhLikfisr;

rfpj;Jk;> nghWikAld; jq;fsJ ,iwek;gpf;ifiag; ghJfhj;J te;jhHfs;. xU fl;lj;jpy;

,iwepuhfhpg;ghsHfspd; nfhLikfs; vy;iy kPwpr; nrd;W nfhz;bUf;fNt> jhq;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;l ,iw

khHf;fj;ijg; ghJfhf;fTk;> jq;fsJ capH clikfisg; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;> mgprPdpah kw;Wk; kjPdhit

Nehf;fp `p[;uj; Nkw; nfhz;lhHfs;.

,jidAk; nghWf;fkhl;lhj Fiw\pfs; ,];yhj;ijAk;> mjidg; gpd;gw;Wk; K];ypk;fisAk; mtHfs; milf;fyk;

Njbr; nrd;w ,lq;fspny;yyhk; nrd;W> ,];yhkpa Cw;iw mjd; Muk;g gpuhtfj;jpNyNa milj;J tpl> mopj;J

tpl ehbdhHfs;. me;j tifapy; kjPdhtpw;F milf;fyk; Njbr; nrd;w K];ypk;fisAk; epk;kjpahf ,Uf;f tplf;

$lhJ vdj; jPHkhdpj;j Fiw\pfs; jq;fsJ KOg; gyj;ijAk; jpul;bf; nfhz;L> kjPdhit Nehf;fpg;

gilnaLj;jhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ> jq;fsJ capHfisg; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F MAjNke;Jtijj; jtpu NtW top ,Uf;ftpy;iy

K];ypk;fSf;F..! vdNt> jw;fhg;G Aj;jj;jpw;Fj; jahuhFkhW jdJ NjhoHfSf;F ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

mwptpg;Gf; nfhLj;jhHfs;. ,jpypUe;J jq;fsJ ,iwek;gpf;ifiag; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F thpirahfg; gy

NghHfisr; re;jpf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ K];ypk;fSf;F. ,d;Dk; midj;Jg; NghHfSf;Fk; gj;Ug; NghUf;Fk; gy

tpj;jpahrq;fSk;> ,d;Dk; rpwg;Gj; jFjpfSk; ,Ue;jd. ,J K];ypk;fspd; [Pt kuzg; Nghuhl;l Aj;jkhFk;.

,jpy; K];ypk;fs; ntw;wp ngw;why; ,];yhk; ghJfhf;fg;gLk;. K];ypk;fs; Njhw;W tpl;lhy;> ,];yhj;ijg; gpd;gw;w

Ms; ,y;yhj msTf;F mopT jhd; Vw;gLk; vd;w epiyapy; jhd; K];ypk;fs; ,Ue;jdH.

,e;jg; Nghhpy; fye;J nfhz;ltHfis ,iwek;gpf;ifapy; Ke;jpf; nfhz;ltHfs; vd;wiof;fg;gLfpd;wdH.

Mk;..! 313 K`k;kJfs; Mapuk; mG+[`;iy vjpHf;f fsk; Nehf;fp te;jpUe;jdH. K];ypk;fspd; jug;gpy; 313

tPuHfSk;> mtHfspy; 236 NgH md;]hhpfSk;> 77 NgH K`h[pHfshfTk; ,Ue;jdH. ,d;Dk; K];ypk;fsplk; 70

xl;lfq;fSk;> 3 FjpiufSk; ,Ue;jd. ,jidf; nfhz;Nl khw;wp khw;wpg; gazk; nra;J NghHf;fsk; ehb

te;jpUe;jdH.

,g;nghOJ ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,iwtdplk; gpuhHj;jpf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,iwth! eP vdf;F

thf;fspj;jtw;iw epiwNtw;wpj; jUthahf..! ,iwth..! ,e;jr; rpd;dQ;rpW $l;lj;ij eP mopj;J tpl;lhy;> ,e;jg;

G+kpapy; cd;id tzq;Ftjw;F ahUk; ,Uf;f khl;lhHfs;..! vd;Wk; gpuhHj;jpj;jhHfs;.

mg;nghOJ ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; kPJ NghHitiag; NghHj;jpf; nfhz;Nl mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;

$wpdhHfs;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNs..! vdJ jhAk;> je;ijAk; cq;fSf;F mw;gzkhfl;Lk;..! ,iwtd;

cq;fsJ Nfhhpf;iffis epr;rak; Vw;Wf; nfhs;thd;> tpiutpy; cq;fsJ Nfhhpf;iffs; epiwNtw;wp itf;fg;gLk;

vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

Page 12: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfspd; ,e;j MWjy; thHj;ijfisf; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;Nl fsk; Nehf;fp ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs; te;jhHfs;.

mjprPf;fpuj;jpy; ,f;$l;lj;jpdH rpjwbf;fg;gl;Lg; Gwq;fhl;b XLtH. (54:45)

vd;w trdj;ij ,iwtd; mUspdhd;. ,iwej;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,e;j trdj;ij Xjpf; nfhz;Nl fsk;

Nehf;fp tpiue;jhHfs;.

NkYk;> me;jr; rk;gtk; Fwpj;J ,iwtrdk; ,t;thW rhd;W gfHe;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

(epidT $Wq;fs;;) cq;fis ,ul;rpf;FkhW cq;fs; ,iwtdpd; cjtpia ehbaNghJ; ''(mzp mzpahf

cq;fisg;) gpd;gw;wp tuf;$ba Xuhapuk; kyf;Ffisf; nfhz;L epr;rakhf cq;fSf;F cjtp GhpNtd;"" vd;W

,iwtd; cq;fSf;F gjpyspj;jhd;. (8:9)

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; mkHe;J NghH eltbf;iffisf; fhz;gjw;fhf> egpj;NjhoHfs; xU Nkil xd;iw

mikj;jhHfs;. mjpy; mkHe;J nfhz;bUe;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; fhtyhf

epd;W nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ NghH njhlq;fpaJ. tyJ gf;f mzpf;F mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSk;> ,lJ gf;f mzpf;F myp (uyp)

mtHfSk; jsgjpfshf ,Uf;f NghH Muk;gkhfpaJ. ,e;jg; NghH eilngWk; rkaj;jpy; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ

kfd; mg;JH u`;khd; ,];yhj;ij Vw;wpUf;ftpy;iy. mtH Fiw\pfspd; gf;fk; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUe;jhH. ,d;Dk;

Fiw\pfspd; rhHghf NghUf;Fk; te;jpUe;jhH. NghHf;fsf; fhl;rpapD}Nl ele;j ,e;jr; rk;gtj;ij gpd;dhspy;

mir Nghl;l je;ijf;Fk; kfDf;Fk; ,ilNa ele;j ,e;j ciuahly; ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; ,iwek;gpf;iff;Fk;>

,iwepuhfhpg;gpw;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s nfhs;if tpj;jpahrj;ij mstplf; $ba epfo;r;rpahf mike;J tpl;lJ.

Mk;..!

xUehs; kfd; je;ijia Nehf;fpr; nrhd;dhH. gj;Ug; NghHf;fsj;jpd; nghOJ> je;ijNa..! cq;fsJ jiy

vdJ thSf;F kpf mUfpy; te;jJ. Mdhy; ePq;fs; vdJ je;ij vd;w fhuzj;jpdhy; cq;fisj; jhf;fkhy;

tpl;L tpl;Nld;> ngw;w ghrk; jLj;J tpl;lJ vd;W $wpdhH.

mjidf; Nfl;l mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; jhkjpf;fhky; $wpdhH> kfNd..! cdJ jiy vdJ thSf;F mUfpy;

mg;nghOJ ,Ue;jpUf;Fkhdhy;..! ,e;Neuk; eP vd;Dld; Ngrpf; nfhz;bUf;f khl;lha; kfNd..! vdJ thSf;F

cdJ jiyia ,iuahf;fp ,Ug;Ngd; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

gj;Ug; Nghhpy; vjphpfs; Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. ,d;Dk; jiyik jhq;fp te;jpUe;j kpfg; gpugykhd Fiw\pj;

jiytHfs;> nfhy;yg;gl;Lk; tpl;lhHfs;. mjpy; mG+ [`;y;> cj;gh> i\gh Nghd;w Fiw\pfspd; jiytHfSk;

nfhy;yg;gl;ltHfspd; gl;baypy; mlq;FtH.

c`J Aj;jk;> ukshd; 3

rhpahf xU tUlk; fspj;J Njhw;Wg; Nghd Fiw\pfs; kPz;Lk; mGRg;ahdpd; jiyikapy; 3000 NgH nfhz;l

giliaj; jahH nra;J nfhz;L> c`J kiy mbthuj;jpy; K];ypk;fisr; re;jpf;fj; jahufp te;jdH.

K];ypk;fisj; jhf;Ftjw;fhfNt kf;fhit tpl;L ntspf;fpsk;gp te;jpUf;fpd;w Fiw\pg; gilfspd; tUifia

mwpe;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ NjhoHfisAk; NghUf;Fj; jahuhFkhW cj;jutpl;lhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfsJ cj;juTg;gb 1000 NgH nfhz;l K];ypk; gilg;gphpT c`Jf; fsk; Nehf;fp euf Muk;gpj;jJ.

,ilapy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; Nt\jhhpahd mg;Jy;yh gpd; cigapd; eatQ;rfj;jpw;F Kfk; nfhLf;f

Ntz;ba #o;epiy Vw;gl;lJ. ,td; ,iwek;gpf;if nfhz;bUe;jhYk;> mjid KOikahfr; nray;gLj;j ,ayhj

epiyapy;> eatQ;rfj;ij jdJ neQ;rpNy tsHj;jtdhf khwpg; Nghdtd;. ,td; NghUf;F ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfSld; nrd;W nfhz;bUe;j K];ypk;fspy; %d;wpy; xU gq;fpdiu jd;NdhL mioj;Jf; nfhz;L> kPz;Lk;

kjPdh Nehf;fpr; nry;y Muk;gpj;jhd;. vdNt> ,g;nghOJ K];ypk; gilapdhpd; vz;zpf;if Mapuj;jpypUe;J

vOE}whdJ.

Fwpg;G : NghHf;fsf; fhl;rpfis tphpthf mwpe;J nfhs;s vkJ ,izaj;jsj;jpy; cs;s E}yfj;jpy; cs;s 1.

K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfsJ tho;f;if tuyhW kw;Wk; 2. NghHf;fsj;jpy; ehafk; Mfpa E}w;fspy; ghHitapLf.

NghHf;fsf; fhl;rpfspy; Xhplj;jpy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis Fiw\pfspy; xUtd; kpff; fLikahfj; jhf;fp

Page 13: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

tpLfpd;whd;. mtd; vwpe;j fy; xd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ Kfj;ijg; gjk; ghHj;jJ. ,d;ndhUtd;

mtHfsJ jiyf; ftrj;jpd; kPJ fLikahdnjhU jhf;Fjiy elj;jpdhd;> %d;whktd; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfspd; Kfj;jpy; jhf;fpaJk;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; Kfj;jpypUe;J ,uj;jk; tope;Njhl Muk;gpj;jJ.

gilj;jtid Nehf;fp miog;G tpLf;fpd;w jd;Dila J}juJ Kfj;ij ,uj;jj;jhy; fhag;gLj;Jfpd;w ,e;j

rKjhak; vt;thW ntw;wpaila KbAk; vd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; me;j Ntisapy; KZKZj;jgb

,Ue;jhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; epidtpoe;j epiyapy;> vq;F jdJ NjhoHfs; jq;fsJ FWjpfisr;

rpe;jp kuzj;ijj; jOtpf;fple;jhHfNsh mtHfSlNdNa kaq;fpf; fple;jhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ Fiw\pfs;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kuzkile;J tpl;lhHfs; vd;w nra;jp fhl;Lj; jP Nghyg; gut itj;jdH.

NghHf;fsnkq;Fk; vjpnuhypj;j mtHfsJ tje;jpfs;> K];ypk;fis epiyFiyar; nra;jJ. ,d;Dk; ve;jj;

jpf;if Nehf;fp epd;whHfNsh me;jj; jpf;if Nehf;fp> K];ypk;fspy; rpyH ntUz;Nlhl Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

,e;j epiyapy; ghjfj;jpypUe;J tpLgl;l rpwpJ Neuj;jpNyNa> egpj;NjhoHfs; kPz;Lk; mzp jpusyhdhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kaq;fpf; fplg;gij Kjd; Kjypy; mwpe;J> gpzf;Ftpay;fSf;F eLNt ,Ue;j

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis ,dq; fz;L nfhz;L tpl;lhHfs; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;. myp (uyp) mtHfs;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ Njhs; G[q;fisj; J}f;fp tpl> jy;`h (uyp) mtHfsJ xj;Jiog;gpdhy;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; vOe;J epd;whHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ fd;dijf; fpopj;Jf;

fhag;gLj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;j jiyf;ftrj;ijj; jdJ gw;fshNyNa fbj;J mg;Gwg;gLj;jpdhHfs; mG+ cigjh

(uyp) mtHfs;. mjd; fhuzkhf mtHfsJ ,uz;L gw;fs; \`Pjhf;fg;gl;ld.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis ,e;jsT fhag;gLj;jp kf;fSf;F vjpuhf gpuhHj;jid nra;Ak; egpj;NjhoHfs;

Ntz;b epd;w nghOJ fUizNa cUthd ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ jdJ NjhoHfis Nehf;fpf;

$wpdhHfs; :

,y;iy..! ehd; kf;fisr; rgpg;gjw;fhf mDg;gg;gl;l J}jdy;yNt vdg; gjpypWj;jhHfs;. vdNt> rgpg;gjw;Fg;

gjpyhf> ,iwth..! vdJ kf;fis NeHtopapy; nrYj;Jthahf..! mtHfs; mwpahj kf;fshf ,Uf;fpd;whHfs;..!

vd;W gpuhHj;jid Ghpe;jhHfs; fUiz egpatHfs;.

,jid mLj;J mGgf;fH (uyp)> ckH (uyp)> myp (uyp)> jy;`h (uyp)> kw;Wk; RigH (uyp) Mfpa egpj;NjhoHfs;

,ize;J ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis ghJfhg;ghd kiyg; gFjpf;F mioj;Jr;nrd;whHfs;. ,e;j ,lj;jpy;

jhd; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; mtHfs; vjphpapd; jug;gpy; ,Ue;J nfhz;L kPz;Lk; jhf;Fjy;fisj; njhLj;j nghOJ>

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; I vjpHj;J mtHfis tpul;b tpLkhW ckH (uyp) mtHfSf;F fl;lisapl;lhHfs; ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfs;. ,Wjpapy; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; mtHfs; jdJ giliaj; jpUg;gp mioj;Jf; nfhz;L NghHf;fsj;ij

tpl;Lr; nrd;W tpl;lhH.

`];uj; `k;]h (uyp) mtHfs; ,e;jg; Nghhpy; nfhy;yg;gl;lhHfs;. NghH Muk;gpj;j rw;iwa Neuj;jpw;nfy;yhk;

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ kfd; mg;JH u`;khd; vjphpfspd; jug;gpy; ,Ue;J nfhz;L> vd;Dld; NkhJtjw;F

cq;fspy; ahUf;Fj; ijhpakpUf;fpd;wJ thUq;fs;..! vd;W $f;FunyOg;gpf; nfhz;bUe;jhH. jdJ kfid

rthiy Vw;Wf; nfhz;L kfid cUtpa thSld; re;jpf;fg; Gwg;gl;l mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfisj; jLj;J epWj;jpa

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;..!

mGgf;fNu..! ckJ this ciwapypLq;fs;..! mtH gpioj;Jg; Nghfl;Lk;..! tpl;L tpLq;fs; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

kiyapy; ghJfhg;gpw;fhf epakpf;fg;gl;l vOgJ egHfspy; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSk; xUtuhthH.

mfo; Aj;jk; - \t;thy; 5

mfo; Aj;jk; - \t;thy; 5

K];ypk;fis mopj;njhopj;njhopj;J tplyhk; vd;W Fiw\pfs; fz;l fdT gj;Ug; NghhpYk;> c`Jg; NghhpYk;

fhdy; ePuhfpg; NghdhYk;> Fiw\pfis mLj;J ,d;DnkhU vjphpf;F ,g;nghOJ K];ypk;fs; Kfk; nfhLf;f

Ntz;bajpUe;jJ. kjPdhitr; Rw;wpYk; tho;e;J nfhz;bUe;j A+jHfs; kf;fj;Jf; Fiw\pfisg; NghyNt

K];ypk;fis tsu tpLtJ ekf;F Mgj;J vd;W czu Muk;gpj;jhHfs;> K];ypk;fis mopj;J tpl Ntz;Lnkd;gJ

mtHfsJ jdpahj MirahfTk; ,Ue;jJ. ,d;Dk; ,jw;fhd rjpj; jpl;lq;fisj; jPl;ba mtHfs;> K];ypk;fis

Nehpilahf NkhJtijj; jtpHj;Jf; nfhz;L> rjpj;jpl;lq;fspd; thapyhfTk;> Nkhrbr; nray;fspd; thapyhfTk;

Page 14: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

K];ypk;fisf; fUtWf;f Ntz;Lk; vd jpl;lk; jPl;lyhdhHfs;. vdNt> mjd; Kjw;fl;lkhf kf;fj;Jf;

Fiw\pfSf;Fk; ,d;Dk; jq;fsJ rNfhju A+j Fyj;jtHfSf;Fk; mtHfs; K];ypk;fis mopj;njhopf;fg;gl

Ntz;bajd; mtrpaj;ij typAWj;jp nra;jpfis mDg;gp> K];ypk;fSf;F vjpuhf MAjk; jhpf;f Ntz;LNfhs;

itj;jhHfs;. A+jHfspd; rjpr; nray;fspd; fhuzkhf> fpl;lj;jl;l 10 Mapuk; NgH nfhz;l gil xd;W jpuz;lJ.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; nfhz;L te;j J}ijAk;> mjid Vw;Wf; nfhz;l neQ;rq;fisAk;

mopj;njhopg;gjw;fhf> gil jpuz;L tUfpd;wJ vd;gjidf; Nfs;tpg;gl;l ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kjPdhitr;

Rw;wpYk; mfo; - Fop Njhz;LkhW jdJ NjhoHfSf;F cj;jutpl;lNjhL> jhDk; mjpy; gq;nfLj;Jf;

nfhz;lhHfs;. kjPdhtpd; vy;iyf;Fs; vjphpfs; Eiotjw;F Kd;ghfNt ,g;nghOJ Fop ntl;lg;gl;L jahH

epiyapy; ,Ue;jJ. vjphpfs; jug;gpy; 10 Mapuk; MAje; jhpj;j NghH tPuHfs; jpul;lg;gl;bUe;j mNj Ntisapy;>

K];ypk;fspd; jug;gpNyh 3 Mapuj;jpw;F Nky; tPuHfs; ,y;iy. 3 Mapuj;jpw;Fk; rw;Wf; Fiwthd

vz;zpf;ifAilNahuhf ,Ue;jhHfs;. ,tHfspy; gyH CzKw;Nwhuhf ,Ue;jNjhL> me;jf; fhyfl;lj;jpy;

fLikahd FspH NeukhfTk; ,Ue;jJ. K];ypk;fs; vz;zpf;ifapYk;> ,d;Dk; tha;g;G trjpfspYk; kpff;

Fiwthd tsj;ijNa ngw;wpUe;Jk; $l> mtHfsJ ,iwek;gpf;ifapd; cWjpahdJ xU khj fhy Kw;Wifiaj;

jhf;Fg; gpbf;f itj;jNjhL kl;Lky;yhJ> vjphpfspd; jug;gpy; fLikahd Nrjj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;jpaJ. ,e;j

Kw;Wifg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy;> mfopapd; xU gFjp mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikapd; fPo; ,Ue;jJ. me;j

,lj;jpy; xU gs;spthrYk; fl;lg;gl;lJ> me;jg; gs;spthry; \h typAy;yh`; mtHfsJ fhyj;jpYk; $l

,Ue;jJ vd;W tuhw;Wf; Fwpg;Gfs; $Wfpd;wd.

`{ijgpa;ah cld;gbf;if> Jy;fhapjh 6

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ NjhoHfSld; Jy;fhapjh 6 md;W kjPdhtpypUe;J kf;fhtpw;F `[; nra;Ak;

epkpj;jkhff; fpsk;gpdhHfs;. ,`;uhk; mzpe;jpUe;j epiyapy;> gypg; gpuhzpfisAk; jq;fSld; nfhz;L

nrd;wNjhL> KOf;f KOf;f `[; nra;Ak; Nehf;fj;JlNdNa kf;fhit Nehf;fpf; fpsk;gpdhHfNs xopa>

Fiw\pfis vjpHj;Jg; NghH GhpAk; epkpj;jkhfr; nry;yNt ,y;iy. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSld;>

md;]hHfSk;> K`h[pHfSk; ,d;Dk; cjtpahsHfSkhf fpl;lj;jl;l 3 Mapuk; NgHfSld; kf;fhit Nehf;fpg;

Gwg;gl;lhHfs;. tUk; topapy; kf;fj;Jf; Fiw\pfs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kf;fhtpw;F Eiotijj; jLf;Fk;

nghWl;L jpuz;L epw;gjhfj; jfty; fpilj;jTld;> tof;fkhd ghijia tpl;L tpl;L> ghijia khw;wp

`{ijgpa;ah vd;w ,lj;ij xl;ba gFjp topahfj; jd;Dila gazj;ijj; njhlHfpd;whHfs;.

tof;fk; Nghy ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ MUapHj; NjhoH mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsplk; epiyikapd;

Nghf;F gw;wp fye;jhNyhrid nra;j nghOJ> ehk; ve;j Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf kjPdhit tpl;Lg; Gwg;gl;L

te;jpUf;fpd;NwhNkh> me;j Nehf;fk; jtpu NtW Nehf;fk; vJTk; fpQ;rpw;Wk; fpilahJ> NghH nra;Ak; Nehf;fNkh

my;yJ Fiw\pfSld; tpthjk; nra;Ak; Nehf;fj;JlNdh ehk; ,e;jg; gazj;ijj; njhlutpy;iy vd;gjid

Fiw\pfSf;Fj; njspthf tpsq;f itj;J tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;w KbT vLf;fg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; K];ypk;fs;

jq;fsJ Nehf;fj;ijj; njspthfj; njhptpj;J tpl;l gpd;dUk;> Fiw\pfSf;F jpUg;jp Vw;glhky;> jq;fsJ

jug;Gg; Ngr;RthHj;ijf;F cHth gpd; k];CJ vd;gtiu,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; Fiw\pfs; mDg;gp

itj;jhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ cHth xU kpfg; nghpa gzpiar; nra;a Muk;gpj;jhH. mjhtJ> K];ypk;fis vjpHg;gjw;fhf Fiw\pfs;

kpfg; nghpa gil xd;iwj; jahH nra;J jahuhf itj;jpUg;gjhf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis ek;g itj;J tpl

Ntz;Lk;> mtH kdjpy; Fiw\pfisg; gw;wpa mr;rj;ij Cl;b tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj cHth tpd; jpl;lkhf

,Ue;jJ.

cHth tpd; ,e;jj; jpl;lj;ijAk;> mtuJ Mztg; Ngr;irAk; nghWf;f khl;ljh mGgf;fH rpj;jPf; (uyp) mtHfs;>

Nfhgk; nfhz;ltHfshf..!

X! fw;rpiyfshd yhj;ijAk;> c];]hitAk; tzq;ff; $batHfNs..! mwpT nfl;l ePq;fNs NghUf;Fj; jahuhfp

tpl;l gpd;> my;yh`;itAk;> mtdJ J}jH K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfspd; kPJ ,iwek;gpf;if nfhz;bUf;fpd;w

ehq;fSk; cq;fSf;nfjpuhfj; jahuFNtNk xopa> gak; fhuzkhf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis if fOtp

tpl;Lr; nrd;W tpLNthk; vd;W kl;Lk; epidj;J tplhjPHfs; vd;W Koq;fpdhHfs;.

ahH ,e;j kdpjH? cHth cWk Muk;gpj;jhH.

Page 15: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,tH jhd; ,g;D mgP F`/gh> vd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; cHth Tf;F gjpyspj;jhHfs;.

ehd; cq;fsplk; jhd; Ngr te;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;. mthplky;y. mtUf;F ehd; jFe;j Neuj;jpy; gjpy; $WNtd; vd;W

rpde;jhd; cHth.

cHth tpDld; elj;jg;gl;l Ngr;R thHj;ij Kwpe;J Nghdjd; gpd;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ

xl;lifAld;> xU J}jiu mDg;gp Fiw\pfsplk; Ngr;RthHj;ij elj;jp tpl;L tUk;gb gzpj;jhHfs;.

Mdhy; Fiw\pfNsh> me;j xl;lfj;jpd; fhy;fis ntl;b tpl;;lhHfs;. ,e;jr; rk;gtk; ele;j gpd;Dk;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> Ngr;RthHj;ijf;fhd fjit %b tpltpy;iy. ,g;nghOJ cJkhd; gpd; m/ghd;

(uyp) mtHfis Fiw\pfsplKk;> ,d;Dk; Kf;fpakhf mGR/g;ahd; kw;Wk; kw;w Fiw\pj; jiytHfisr; re;jpj;J>

K];ypk;fs; te;j Nehf;fj;ij tpsf;fp tUk;gb mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;.

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; K];ypk;fspd; Nehf;fj;ij tpsf;fpajd; gpd;Gk;> Fiw\pfspd; gpbthjk; jsutpy;iy.

cJkhd; mtHfNs..! ePq;fs; Ntz;Lkhdhy; f/ghit tyk; te;J tpl;Lg; Nghq;fs; vd;W rYif fhl;bdhHfs;.

Mdhy; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfNsh> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; f/ghit tyk; tuhj tiu ehd; tyk; tu

khl;Nld; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

,jidf; Nfl;l Fiw\pj; jiytHfSf;F Nfhgk; nfhg;gspj;Jf; nfhz;L te;jJ> ,g;nghOJ cJkhd; (uyp)

mtHfis jq;fsJ ghJfhg;gpd; fPo; jpUk;gpg; Nghf Kbahj msTf;F jLj;J itj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;. cJkhd;

(uyp) mtHfis jLj;J itj;Jf; nfhz;l nra;jp> ,g;nghOJ cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; nfhy;yg;gl;L tpl;;lhHfs;

vd;w tje;jpahf `{ijgpa;ahtpy; ,Uf;ff; $ba K];ypk;fsplk; te;jile;jJ.

cJkhd;(uyp) mtHfs; nfhy;yg;gl;L tpl;lhHfs; vd;w nra;jpiaf; Nfs;tpg;gl;l ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

fLikahd Nfhgj;jpw;F MshdhHfs;. ,d;Dk; nfhiyf;Fg; gopf;Fg; gop vLf;fhky; tpLtjpy;iy vd;W rgjk;

nra;J nfhz;lhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ> jdJ NjhoHfs; midtiuAk; mioj;jhHfs;. Gjpjhf cUntLj;Js;s ,e;jg;

gpur;idapy;> midtUk; cWjpNahL ,Ue;J NghuhLNthk; vd;W midthplk; igmj; vd;W nrhy;yf; $ba

rj;jpag; gpukhzk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; xU kuj;jpdbapy; epd;W nfhs;s>

egpj;NjhoHfs; midtUk; xUtH gpd; xUtuhf te;J ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; ifapy; if itj;J> rgjk;

vLj;J cWjpg; gpukhzk; nra;jhHfs;. ,e;j cWjpg; gpukhzj;ijj; jhd; ,];yhkpa tuyhW> igmj;JH hpo;thd;

vd;wiof;fpd;wJ. NkYk;> ,e;j cWjpg; gpukhzj;ijg; gw;wp jpUkiwf;FHMdpy; ,iwtd; ,t;thW rpyhfpj;Jf;

Fwpg;gpLfpd;whd; :

K/kpd;fs; me;j kuj;jbapy; ck;kplk; thf;FWjp nra;j NghJ nka;ahfNt my;yh`; mtHfisg; nghUe;jp (Vw;Wf;)

nfhz;lhd;. mtHfSila ,jaq;fspy; ,Ug;gij mtd; mwpe;J> mtHfs; kPJ (rhe;jpiaAk;) mikjpia(Ak;)

,wf;fpaUsp> mtHfSf;F mz;ikapy; ntw;wpiaAk; mspj;jhd;.(48:18)

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; mq;Nf ,y;yhj fhuzj;jhy;> mtHfSf;fhf Ntz;b ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jhNd

igmj; vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;. jdJ fuj;jpd; kPJ jdJ kw;nwhU fuj;ij itj;J cJkhd; (uyp)

mtHfSf;fhf igmj; vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,e;j igmj; ele;J Kbe;j gpd; jhd;> jkf;Ff; fpilj;j nra;jp

jtwhd nra;jp vd;gijAk;> ,d;Dk; ,e;j tUlk; `[;[{r; nra;ahky; jpUk;gp tpl;lhy;> mLj;j tUlk;

jhuhskhf te;J `[; nra;J tpl;Lg; Nghfyhk; vd;w epge;jidAld; $ba nra;jpia> Ri`y; mtHfsplk;

Fiw\pfs; njhptpj;J mDg;gp tpl;ldH.

NkNy ele;j rk;gq;fSk; mjpy; K];ypk;fs; cWjpAld; epiyj;jpUe;jijAk; ,iwtd; kpfTk; Gfo;e;jNjhL>

mtHfisg; ngUikg;gLj;jpAk; tpl;lhd;.

kpf ePz;l MNyhridfSf;Fg; gpd;G> ,Ujug;gpYk; xU KbntLf;fg;gl;L> mjw;fhd xg;ge;jq;fis ,UtUk;

vOjpf; nfhs;sr; rk;kjpj;jdH. nra;J nfhz;l xg;ge;jkhdJ Fiw\pfSf;Fj; jhd; kpfTk; rhjfkhdjhf

,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;W mgpg;guhag;gl;l ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> jdJ fUj;ij mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsplk; vLj;Jf;

$wpdhHfs;. ckH (uyp) mtHfsJ MNyhridia kWj;j mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ

fUj;ij Vw;FkhW MNyhrid toq;fpaNjhL> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ topKiwia ,Wfg;gw;wpf;

nfhs;SkhW mwpTWj;jpdhHfs;. mjid mLj;J> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; Neubahfg; Ngrpg; ghHj;J

tpLNthk; vd;W fpsk;gpa ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> jkJ fUj;ij ,iwj;J}jH(]y;) mtHfsplk; ntspg;gLj;jpa NghJ>

ehd; my;yh`;tpd; fl;lisg;gb jhd; ,e;j xg;ge;jj;ij epiwNtw;wp cs;Nsd; vd;W gjpy; je;jJld;> ckH

Page 16: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

(uyp) mtHfs; mikjpahfp tpl;lhHfs;.

xg;ge;jq;fs; myp (uyp) mtHfs; vOj> K];ypk;fspd; rhHgpy; mGgf;fH (uyp)> ckH (uyp)> myp (uyp)> mg;JH

u`;khd; gpd; mt;/g; (uyp)> rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) kw;Wk; gyH ifnaOj;jpl;lhHfs;. xg;ge;jq;fs;

vOjg;gl;L Kbf;fg;gl;lTld;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ck;uh kl;Lk; nra;J tpl;L jpUk;gp tpl;lhHfs;.

mt;thW jpUk;gpf; nfhz;bUe;j Ntisapy; jhd; #uh my; /gj;`; - vd;w mj;jpahak; ,wf;fpaUs; nra;ag;gl;lJ.

,e;j mj;jpahaj;jpy; nra;J nfhs;sg;gl;l xg;ge;jkhdJ> xU njspthd ntw;wp vd mUs; nra;ag;gl;bUe;jJ.

,khk; R`;hp mtHfs; ,e;j mj;jpahak; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk; NghJ> `{ijgpa;ah ntw;wpiag; Nghy NtW vg;nghOJk;

K];ypk;fs; ntw;wp ngw;wjpy;iy> mt;tsT kpfg; nghpa ntw;wpia `{ijgpa;ah cld;gbf;if %yk; K];ypk;

mile;J nfhz;lhHfs; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;whHfs;. ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpw;Fg; gpd;> K];ypk;fSk; kf;fj;Jf;

Fiw\pfSk; el;G Kiwapy; re;jpj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;> Kd;G ,e;j re;jpg;G NghUf;fhd re;jpg;ghfj; jhd;

,Ue;jJ. ,g;nghOJ> ,];yhj;jpid Vw;Wf; nfhs;shj kf;fs; kj;jpapy; ,];yhj;jpd; J}ij vLj;Jr; nry;tJ

kpfTk; vspjhfTk; ,Ue;jJ. ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpw;Fg; gpd;G jhd; ,];yhj;jpd; J}ij Vuhskhd NgHfs; Vw;Wf;

nfhs;s Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,Jtiu fhyKk; Vw;Wf; nfhz;l K];ypk;fspd; vz;zpf;ifNahL xg;gpl;L

Nehf;FNthkhdhy;> `{ijgpa;ah cld;gbf;iff;Fg; gpd;G> ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;ltHfspd; vz;zpf;if

,Jfhyk; tiu Vw;wpUf;ff; $batHfspd; vz;zpf;ifia tplTk; mjpfkhf ,Ue;jJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

Mk;! `{ijgpa;ah cld;gbf;ifapd; nghOJ ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisg; gpd;gw;wp te;jtHfspd; vz;zpf;if

ntWk; 1400 jhd; ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; `{ijgpa;ah cld;gbf;if eilngw;w gpd; ,uz;L Mz;Lfspy; kf;fhit

ntw;wp nfhz;L> kf;fhtpw;Fs; gpuNtrpf;Fk; nghOJ ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; 10 Mapuk; NgHfSld;

Eioe;jhHfs; vd;W tuyhW $Wfpd;wJ. vdNt> ,khk; R`;hp mtHfspd; fUj;J Kw;wpYk; cz;ikahdNj vd;W

tuhw;W Mrphpak; ,g;D `p]hk; mtHfs; $Wfpd;whHfs;.

ifgH Aj;jk;> K`Huk; 7

`{ijgpa;ahcld;gbf;iff;Fg; gpd;G ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kjPdhtpy; xU khj fhy msT jhd;

jq;fpapUe;jpg;ghHfs;. gpd;G mtHfs; ifgiu Nehf;fpg; gil vLj;jhHfs;. ,e;j ifgH gFjpapy; mjpkhd A+jf;

Fyq;fSk;> mtHfisr; rhHe;jtHfspd; Nfhl;ilfSk; mjpfkhf ,Ue;jd. ,e;jg; Nghhpy; myp (uyp) mtHfs;

nts;isf; nfhb Ve;jpf; nfhz;L nrd;whHfs;. ve;jf; Nfhl;iliaj; jfHf;f KbahJ vd ,Wkhg;Gld;

,Ue;jhHfNsh> mjidj; jfHf;Fk;gilf;F jiyik jhq;fp mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; nrd;whHfs;. Mdhy;

mtHfSk; Njhy;tpiaNa jOtpdhHfs;. gpd;G ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikapy; gil nrd;w NghJk;> vjpHghHj;j

ntw;wp fpilf;ftpy;iy> %d;whtjhf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; myp (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikapy; gilia

mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;.

mg;nghOJ> ehd; ,g;nghOJ my;yh`;itAk;> mtdJ J}jiuAk; mjpfkjpfk; Nerpf;ff; $batiuAk;> ,d;Dk;

NghHf;fsj;jpy; ,Ue;J GwKJfpl;L Xlhj xUtiuAk; ,e;jg; gilf;Fj; jiytuhfj; NjHe;njLj;J mDg;gp

itf;fpd;Nwd; vd;W $wp mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; me;j Kd;dwptpg;G> epiwNtwpaJ>

me;j ifgH Nfhl;il ifg;gw;wg;gl;lJ. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; ,e;j Kd;dwptpg;Gf;Fr; nrhe;jf; fhuH>

myp (uyp) mtHfs; jhd;.

kf;fh ntw;wp> ukohd; 8

`{ijgpa;ah cld;gbf;ifapy; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l tpjpKiwfis ntF ePz;l fhyk; Fiw\paHfshy; Ngzpf;

fhf;f ,aytpy;iy. ntF rPf;fpuNk mtHfs; tpjpKiwfis kPw Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. gD} F]hM vd;w

Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfs; K];ypk;fSld; el;G xg;ge;jk; nra;jpUe;jhHfs;. me;j mbg;gilapy;> mtHfs; kPJ NghH

njhLg;gJk;> mtHfs; kPJ NghH njhLg;gtHfSf;F xj;Jiog;gJk; `{ijgpa;ah cld;gbf;ifg;gb>

cld;gbf;ifia Kwpf;Fk; nrayhFk;. Mdhy; gD} F]hM kPJ gD} gf;fH vd;w Nfhj;jpuj;jtHfs; jhf;Fjy;

elj;jpa NghJ mtHfSf;F Fiw\pfs; cjtpfisr; nra;a Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

gD} F]hM Fiw\pfs; kw;Wk; gD} gf;fH Nfhj;jpuj;jtHfspd; jhf;FjYf;Fg; gae;J f/ghtpy; milf;fyk;

GFe;Jk; gpuNahrdkpd;wpg; NghdJ. vdNt> ,g;D ryPk; vd;gtiu kjPdhtpw;Fj; J}J mDg;gp> K];ypk;fspd;

Page 17: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

cjtpiaf; Nfhhpg; ngWtJ vd;W KbntLj;jhHfs;. ,e;j mbg;gilapy;> ,g;D ryPk; kjPdh nrd;W ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfisr; re;jpj;jNjhL kl;Lky;yhJ> jq;fsJ epiyiaf; Fwpj;J xU cUf;fkhd ghly; xd;iwAk;

ghbdhH. me;jg; ghlypd; thpfspy; ,ioNahba Nrhfj;ijAk;> mtHfsJ NjitiaAk; czHe;j ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfs; ukohd; khjk; 8 k; ehsd;W kf;fhit Nehf;fpg; gilnaLf;f KbT nra;jhHfs;.

ukohd; 10 k; ehsd;W 10 Mapuk; NjhoHfs; Gil#o kf;fhtpw;Fs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; gpuNtrpj;jhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ> K];ypk;fis vjpHg;gJ vd;gJ tPz; Ntiy vd;WzHe;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; rpwpa

je;ijahH mg;gh]; mtHfs;> rkhjhdk; nra;J nfhs;s ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis mZfpdhHfs;. mg;gh];

mtHfspd; rkhjhdj; J}ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;l ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> kf;fhtpy; cs;s midj;J

K];ypky;yhjtHfSf;Fk; nghJ kd;dpg;G toq;fpdhHfs;. Mdhy; rpy egHfisf; Fwpj;J ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs;> mtHfSf;F nghJkd;dpg;G fpilahJ vd;Wk;> ,d;Dk; mtHfs; f/ghtpd; jpiur;rPiyapdhy;

Rw;wg;gl;bUe;jhYk; mtHfisf; nfhd;W tpLk;gbf; $wpdhHfs;. Vnddpy;> fle;j fhyj;jpy; mtHfs; nra;j

nfhLQ; nray;fs; kd;dpg;gpd; vy;iyiaAk; fle;j mehfhPfr; nrayhf ,Ue;jJ jhd; mjd; fhuzkhFk;.

fle;j 13 Mz;Lfspy; nrhy;nyhz;zh Jauq;fis K];ypk;fspd; kPJ fl;ltpo;j;J tpl;l mtHfSf;Fj; jhd;

,d;W nghJkd;dpg;G toq;fg;gl;lJ. ve;j efhpy; ,Ue;J ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; tpul;lg;gl;lhHfNsh> mNj

efhpy; ,d;W Ml;rpahsuhf 10 Mapuk; NjhoHfs; Gil #o vjpHg;gpd;wp gpuNtrpf;Fk; ty;yikia ,iwtd;

K];ypk;fSf;F toq;fpapUe;jhd;.

,g;nghOJ mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ je;ijahH mG+ F`/gh mtHfis ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; Kd;

epWj;jp> my;yh`;tpd; J}jH (]y;) mtHfNs..! vdJ je;ijf;F ,];yhj;jpidg; gw;wp rw;W vLj;Jf; $Wq;fs;

vd;W Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

mGgf;fNu..! ,e;jg; nghpa kdpjiu rq;flj;jpw;Fs;shf;fp tpl;BHfNs..! vd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; $wp

tpl;L> mtiuj; Njb ehd; jhd; NghapUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;whHfs;.

,y;iy..! ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNs..! mtH jq;fisj; Njb te;jpUg;gJ jhd; rpwe;jJ vd;whH> mGgf;fH

(uyp) mtHfs;.

jdf;F Kd;G neUf;fkhf mG+ F`h/gh mtHfis mioj;J mku itj;Jf; nfhz;l ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs;> mtuJ neQ;rpd; kPJ jdJ ifia itj;J> mG+ F`/gh mtHfNs> ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sq;fs;

vd;W $wp> fypkhitf; fw;Wf; nfhLj;jhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; ,dpa ez;guhd mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfspd; je;ijahUk;> kf;fhtpd;

ntw;wpf;Fg; gpd; ,];yhj;jpidj; jdJ tho;tpay; newpahf Vw;Wf; nfhz;L tpl;lhHfs;.

`{idd; Aj;jk;

jG+f; Aj;jk;> u[g; 9

(Fwpg;G : ,uz;ilAk; tphpthf NghHf;fsj;jpy; ehafk;> vd;w E}ypy; ghHitaplTk;).

`puhf;spa];

mNugpahtpy; cs;s fpwp];jtHfspd; JizAld; `puhf;spa]; kjPdhtpd; kPJ gilnaLf;fj; jahuhfpf;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;whd; vd;w nra;jp ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis mile;j nghOJ> jw;fhg;Gf;fhf NghH nra;a

Ntz;ba #o;epiyf;F K];ypk;fs; js;sg;gl;lhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ> kpfg; nghpa ty;yuir vjpHj;Jg; NghH Ghpaj;

jahuhfpf; nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ> K];ypk;fspd; epiyNah> kpfTk; ,f;fl;lhd #o;epiyapy; ,Ue;jJ. fhuzk;>

mg;nghOJ kjPdhtpy; gQ;rk; jiytphpj;jhbf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. vdNt> ,e;jg; Nghiu n[a;]{y; A\;uh

vd;wiof;fpd;wdH. ,d;Dk; me;j Neuj;jpy; jhd; NghPj;jk; goq;fs; gOj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jd> vdNt

kjPdhthrpfs; jq;fsJ efuj;ij tpl;Lr; nry;tjw;Fk; kdkpy;yhjpUe;jhHfs;. ,e;j ,uz;L #o;epiyfisAk;

gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;l kjPdj;J eatQ;rfHfs;> K];ypk;fspd; kdjpy; tp\ tpj;Jf;fis tpijf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

vdpDk;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; NjhoHfs; ,e;j f\;lq;fis vy;yhk; jhz;b> jq;fsJ kd cWjpia

ep&gpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. jq;fsJ nghUs;fshYk;> jpahfj;jhYk; ,];yhj;jpd; Nkd;ikf;F rhd;W gfHe;J

Page 18: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;.

,d;Dk; ckH (uyp) mtHfNsh> ,e;j KiwahtJ mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfis kpQ;rp tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W fq;fzk;

fl;bf; nfhz;ltHfshf> jdJ tPl;bw;Fr; nrd;w ckH(uyp) mtHfs; jdJ tho;ehs; Nrkpg;gpy; xU gFjpia

vLj;Jf; nfhz;L te;J ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk;>

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNs..! ,Njh ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,e;jg; NghUf;fhd vdJ gq;if vd;whHfs;.

ckNu..! ckJ tPl;lhUf;F vijNaDk; kpr;rk; itj;jpUf;fpd;wPHfsh? vd;whHfs;. Mk;! jq;fSf;Ff; nfhLj;jJ

Nghy mtHfSf;Fj; Njitahd msT nghUl;fis itj;J tpl;L te;jpUf;fpd;Nwd; vd;whHfs;.

,g;nghOJ mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfspd; Kiw te;jJ..!

mGgf;fH mtHfNs..! jhq;fs; vd;d nfhz;L te;jPHfs;? ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; Nfl;lhHfs;. ,Njh

ahu#Yy;yh`;..! vd;W jhd; nfhz;L te;j nry;tj;ij ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; nfhLj;j nghOJ>

jq;fsJ FLk;gj;jhUf;fhf vjid tpl;L te;jpUf;fpd;wPHfs;? vd;whHfs;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;..!

Mk;..! ah! u#Yy;yh`;..! my;yh`;itAk;> mtdJ J}jH (]y;) mtHfisAk; tpl;L te;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;

vd;whHfs;..!

mjhtJ> ,e;j cyf tho;f;iff;fhd vjidAk; ehd; tpl;L tutpy;iy> khwhf> kWikf;fhdtw;iwAk;>

,iwtDila ghJfhg;igAk;> mtdJ J}juJ topKiwiaAk; tpl;L te;jpUf;fpd;Nwd; vd;whHfs;.

mg;nghOJ> ckH (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; :-

,dp> vg;nghOJk; ehd; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfis kpQ;rNt KbahJ vd;whHfs;.

jiyik mYtyfj;jpd; jiyikf; fhhpajhprpahfTk;> kw;Wk; cj;juTfs; gpwg;gpj;jy;> nfhbia jhq;fpf;

nfhs;Sjy; Nghd;w midj;Jg; gzpfSk; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSf;F toq;fg;gl;lJ. 30 Mapuk; gil tPuHfSld;

,];yhkpag; gil jG+f; vd;w ,lj;ij mile;jJ. Mdhy; `puhf;spa]pd; gil mjd; Kfhik tpl;Lk; xU ,Q;r;

$l efHe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. n[U]yj;jpd; ftHduhf ,Ue;j [hd; vd;gtH K];ypk;fsplk; te;J rkhjhd xg;ge;jk;

NfhhpdhH. rkhjhd xg;ge;jk; nra;J nfhs;sg;gl;l gpd; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kjPdh jpUk;gpdhHfs;.

`[;[{f;Fj; jiyik jhq;Fjy;

Jy;`[; 9 md;W mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ jiyikapy;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; K];ypk;fspd; xU

FOtpdiu `[; nra;Ak; epkpj;jkhf kf;fhTf;F mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. ,jd; %ykhf Kjd;Kjyhf `[; nrd;w

FOtpw;F jiyikg; nghWg;Ngw;w ew;Ngw;iw ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; jf;f itj;Jf; nfhz;l ngUik mGgf;fH (uyp)

mtHfisr; rhUk;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; rhHghf 20 gypg;gpuhzpfisAk;> jdJ rhHghf Ie;J

gypg;gpuhzpfisAk; ,d;Dk; 300 NjhoHfSld; kf;fhit Nehf;fp `[; nra;Ak; epkpj;jk; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ

jiyikapy; K];ypk;fs; `[; nra;ar; nrd;wdH.

,e;j tUlj;jpy; K];ypk;fSld;> ,izitg;ghsHfSk; ,ize;J `[;i[ epiwNtw;wpdhHfs;. ,e;j

tUlj;jpw;Fg; gpd;G> ,izitg;ghsHfs; `uk; gFjpf;Fs; Eiotjw;F ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jil

tpjpj;jhHfs;. ,e;j rkaj;jpy; jhd; myp (uyp) mtHfs; #uh my; guhmj; jpd; trdq;fis cuj;j Fuypy;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; rhHghf Koq;fpf; nfhz;L te;jhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; ,Wjp tho;T> 12 ugpa;Ay; mt;ty;

`p[;hp 10 Mk; Mz;L ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> `[;[j;Jy; tpjh vd;w ,Wjp `[;i[ epiwNtw;wpajd;

gpd;dhy;> kjPdh jpUk;gpa ehspy; ,Ue;J> mjhtJ ]/gH khjk; ,Wjp my;yJ ugpa;Ay; mt;ty; khjj;jpd; Muk;g

ehl;fspy; ,Ue;J RftPdj;jpw;F MshdhHfs;. mJNt mtHfsJ ,Wjp tho;Tf;fhd Muk;gkhfTk; ,Ue;jJ.

xUehs; eL,utpd; nghOJ jdJ mbikahd mG+ Kit`gh mtHfisAk; mioj;Jf; nfhz;L [d;dj;Jy;

gf;fpia Nehf;fpr; nrd;w ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> ,iwtdpd; fl;lisg;gb mq;Nf mlf;fkhfp ,Uf;fpd;w

jdJ cwtpdHfSf;fhfTk; kw;Wk; jdJ NjhoHfSf;fhfTk; gpuhHj;jid nra;jhHfs;.

Page 19: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

[d;dj;Jy; gf;fPapd; kj;jpapy; epd;W nfhz;l ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;>

kz;ziwthrpfNs..! cq;fs; kPJ rhe;jp cz;lhfl;Lkhf..! ,q;Nf capUld; tho;e;J nfhz;bUg;gtHfisf;

fhl;bYk; cq;fsJ epiy kpfTk; NkyhdJ. Nrhjidfs; ,Uspd; xU gFjpiag; Nghd;W te;J

nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.

mjd; gpd;G jdJ mbikahd Kit`gh mtHfspd; gf;fk; jpUk;gpa ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)mtHfs;>

,e;j cyfj;jpd; Kbtpy;yhj tho;Tk; mjd; tsq;fspd; jpwTNfhs;fs; xU ifapYk;> ,d;Dk; Rtdk;

,d;DnkhU ifapYk; vdf;F toq;fg;gl;L> ,tw;wpw;fpilNa vdJ tpUg;gk; Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ehd; vdJ

,iwtdpd; rq;ifahd Kfj;ijAk;> Rtdj;ijAk; NjHT nra;J tpl;Nld; vd;whHfs;.

mG+ Kit`gh mtHfNsh..! ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNs..! ,e;j cyf tho;f;ifiaAk;> mjd; tsq;fisAk;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sq;fNsd; vd;whHfs;..!

,y;iy..! ,y;iy..! ehd; vdJ ,iwtdpd; rq;ifahd Kfj;ijAk;> Rtdj;ijAk; NjHT nra;J tpl;Nld;

vd;whHfs;.

mjd; gpd; mq;F mlf;fk; nra;ag;gl;bUg;gtHfSf;fhf njhOJ tpl;L> mtHfSf;fhfg; gpuhHj;jidAk; nra;J

tpl;Lj; jpUk;gpdhHfs;.

tPl;bw;Fj; jpUk;gp te;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> mq;F Map\h (uyp) mtHfSf;F jiytyp fz;bUf;ff;

fz;lhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;Fk; jiytyp Muk;gkhfpaJ.

Map\hNt..! vdf;Fk; jiytyp Ntjid vLf;fpd;wJ..! vd;W $wpdhHfs; ,iwj;J}jH(]y;) mtHfs;.

mg;nghOJ Muk;gpj;j jiytyp Neuk; nry;yr; nry;y caHe;J nfhz;Nl nrd;wJ.

,e;j msT NtjidapYk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> jdJ kidtpkhHfsplk; nry;yf; $ba ehl; fzf;fpd;

gb jtwhJ> xt;nthUtuJ ,y;yj;jpw;Fk; nrd;W te;jhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ> Ntjidapd; cr;rj;jpy; ,Ue;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> jdJ kidtpkhHfs; midtiuAk;

mioj;J> jdJ ,Wjpf; fhyj;ij Map\h (uyp) mtHfsJ ,y;yj;jpy; jq;fpf; nfhs;s mDkjp Nfl;lhHfs;.

mtHfSk; rk;kjk; njhptpj;J tplNt> myp (uyp) mtHfsJ Njhspy; xU ifiaAk;> /go;y; gpd; mg;gh]; (uyp)

mtHfsJ Njhspy; xU ifiaAk; Nghl;Lf; nfhz;L> Map\h (uyp) mtHfsJ tPl;bw;F te;J NrHe;jhHfs;.

jiytypapypUe;J rw;W epthuzk; ngw jiyapy; rpW Jz;il itj;J fl;lg;gl;lJ> ,Ue;Jk; kpfTk; gytPdkhd

epiyf;F ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; nrd;W nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. vdNt> elf;f ,ayhj mtHfsJ ghjq;fs;>

jiuapy; ,Ogl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;j epiyapNyNa Map\h (uyp) mtHfsJ ,y;yk; te;J NrHe;jhHfs;.

RftPdKw;wpUe;j ,e;j epiyapNyNa xUehs;> gs;spthrYf;F tUif je;jpUe;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;>

kpk;ghpy; mkHe;jthW c`Jg; Nghhpy; ,we;J Nghd jdJ NjhoHfSf;fhf gpuhHj;jid Ghpe;jhHfs;.

gpd; mq;F $bapUe;j kf;fsplk; ciuahw;w Muk;gpj;jhHfs; :

,iwtd; jdJ mbikfspy; xUthplk; ,e;j cyf tho;f;ifapd; tsq;fs;> ,d;Dk; mtdplk; kPSjy; ,tw;wpy;

xd;iwj; NjHT nra;Ak;gbf; $wpdhd;> me;j mbahd;> jdJ ,iwtdplk; kPStijNa NjHe;njLj;Jf; nfhz;lhH

vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

jdJ cw;w NjhoH> MUapH ez;gH ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; jpUtjdq;fspy; ,Ue;J te;j me;j

thHj;ijapd;> mHj;jg; nghUs; vd;d vd;gij nrhy;yhkNyNa tpsq;fpf; nfhz;l mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfspd;

fd;dq;fspy; ,Ue;J ePH Kj;Jf;fs; cUz;Nlhbf; nfhz;bUe;jd.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNs..! ehq;fs; vq;fisj; jq;fSf;fhf mw;gzk; nra;af; fhj;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk;> ,d;Dk;

vq;fsJ ngw;NwhHfisAk; $l..! vd;whHfs; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;.

NjhoNu..! cq;fis ePq;fs; MRthrg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sq;fs; vd;whHfs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;.

gpd;G> ,e;jg; gs;spf;Fs; kf;fs; Eiotjw;fhfj; jpwe;J itf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;w midj;J topg; ghijfisAk;

milj;J tpLq;fs;> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ tPl;bypUe;J tUfpd;w ghijiaj; jtpu vd;W $wpdhHfs;. mGgf;fH

mtHfis tpl cjtpfukhf ,Ue;j xUtiu ehd; mwpakhl;Nld; vd;Wk; $wpdhHfs;.

Page 20: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

vdf;F cw;w NjhoH xUtiuj; NjHe;njLj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;gbg; gzpf;fg;gl;lhy;> ehd; mGgf;fH mtHfisj; jhd;

NjHe;njLg;Ngd; vd;whHfs;. ,e;jj; NjhoikAk;> rNfhjuj;JtKk; ,iwek;gpf;ifapdhy; tpise;jJthFk;> ,it

ahTk; ,iwtd; ek;ik xd;W $l;Lk; ehs; tiuj; njhlu Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; gpuhHj;jpj;jhHfs;.

mjd; gpd; K`h[pHfis Nehf;fp> K`h[pHfNs..! md;]hHfs; nra;jpUf;fpd;w cjtpfis vz;zpg; ghHj;Jf;

nfhs;Sq;fs;> mtHfsJ cjtpf;F ePq;fs; fld; gl;Ls;sPHfs; vd;w nghUs;gl $wpdhHfs;.

gpd;G ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F Nehapd; fLik mjpfkhfpaJ. vdNt> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfisNa

njhOifia Kd;dpd;W elj;JkhW Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

Map\h (uyp) mtHfs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; nrd;W> vdJ je;ij ,sfpa kdk; gilj;jtH> jpUkiwf;

FHMid XJk; NghJ mtUf;F mOif te;J tpLk;. vdNt> gpd; epw;gtHfs; jpUkiwf;FHMid rhpahfr; nrtp

kLf;f KbahJ> vdNt> mtUf;Fg; gjpy; NtW xUtiu epakpAq;fs; vd;W $wpdhHfs;. Mdhy;> Map\h (uyp)

mtHfspd; Nfhhpf;ifia Vw;f kWj;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> kPz;Lk; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfisNa njho

itf;Fk;gb VtpdhHfs;. kPz;Lk; Map\h (uyp) mtHfs; typAWj;jpAk; ,iwj;J}jH(]y;) mtHfs; mGgf;fH (uyp)

mtHfisNa njho itf;Fk;gb cj;jutpl;lhHfs;.

mg;nghOjpypUe;J> tpahod; ,uTj; njhOifapypUe;J ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; capUld; ,Ue;J

Neha;tha;g;gl;l fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;J kuzkhFk; tiuf;Fk; 17 Neuj; njhOiffis ,khkhf Kd;dpd;W mGgf;fH

(uyp) mtHfs; elj;jpAs;shHfs;.

Qhapw;Wf; fpoik fhiyapy; jdJ miwapy; ,Ue;J ntspapy; te;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; jiyapy;

Jz;L fl;lg;gl;bUe;jJ. mg;nghOJ mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ jiyikapy; jdJ NjhoHfs; $l;Lj;

njhOifia epiwNtw;wpf; nfhz;bUg;gijf; fz;l ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; Kfk; re;Njh\j;jhy;

kyHe;jJ. mtHfs; Kd;Ndhf;fp tuTk;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F NjhoHfs; top tpl;L xJq;fpdhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; tUtij mwpe;J nfhz;l mGgf;fH (uyp) jdJ jiyik jhq;fp njhOif elj;jpf;

nfhz;bUg;gjpy; ,Ue;J gpd;thq;fp> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis ,khkhf Kd;dpWj;j Kad;w nghOJ> jLj;J

epWj;jpa ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfisNa njhOifia Kd;dpd;W elj;JkhW

gzpj;jhHfs;. mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfspd; tyJ gf;fj;jpy; mkHe;jthW ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; njhOifia

epiwNtw;wpdhHfs;.

me;jj; njhOif ele;J Kbe;j gpd;> caHe;j njhzpapy; gs;spia tpl;Lk; ntspapy; Nfl;Fk; msTf;F mjpf

msT rg;jj;Jld; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ NjhoHfs; Kd; ciuahw;wpdhHfs;.

vdJ kf;fNs..! neUg;G %l;lg;gl;L tpl;lJ> Nrhjidfs; ,Uspd; xUgFjpiag; Nghy te;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.

mz;zy; egp (]y;) NkYk; etpd;whHfs;:-

'midtiuAk; tpl mjpfkhf vtUila nrytj;jpw;Fk; el;Gf;Fk; ehd; flikg;gl;bUf;fpd;NwNd mtH mg+gf;U

(uyp) mtHfshthH. ehd; cyfpd; vd; rKjhaj;jthpypUe;J vtuhtJ xUtiu vd; ez;gdhf Mf;fpf; nfhs;s

KbAnkd;why; mg+gf;iuNa vLj;Jf; nfhs;Ntd;. Mdhy; ,];yhj;jpd; cwNt el;Gf;F NghJkhdjhFk;.

Mk;! nrtp rhAq;fs;! cq;fSf;F Kd; tho;e;j rKjhaq;fs; jk; ,iwj;JhjHfs; kw;Wk; nghpahHfspd;

kz;ziwfis tzf;f];jyq;fshf Mf;fpf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,Njh ghUq;fs;. ePq;fs; mj;jifa elj;ijis

Nkw;nfhs;sf; $lhJ. ehd; cq;fis mjid tpl;Lk; jLj;Jtpl;Lr; nry;fpd;Nwd;".

NkYk; $wpdhHfs;:

'`yhy;> `uhk; (MFkhdJ> jLf;fg;gl;lJ) vd;Dk; fl;lisfis (ehNd gpwg;gpj;jjhf;f; fUjp vd;Dld;

,izj;jg; NgrhjPHfs;. ,iwtd; mFkhf;fpAs;stw;iwNa ehd; MFkhf;fpAs;Nsd;. mtd; jil nra;jtw;iwNa

ehd; jil nra;Js;Nsd;."

Neha; tha;g;gl;l ,Nj epiyapy; xUehs; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mtHfs; jk; FLk;gj;jhiu Nehf;fp $wpdhHfs;:

',iwj;Jhjhpd; kfshd /ghj;jpkhNt! ,iwj;Jhjhpd; mj;ijahd rgpa;ahNt! ,iwtdplk; cq;fSf;Fg; gad;gLk;

ve;j ew;nrayhJ nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. ehd; cq;fis ,iwtdpd; jz;lidapypUe;J fhg;ghw;wpl KbahJ."

Page 21: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

xUehs; Nehapd; fLik mjpfkhf ,Ue;jJ. mz;zy; egp (]y;) mtHfs; jk; Kfj;jpy; NghH itiag; Nghl;Lf;

nfhs;thHfs;. gpwF vLj;J tpLthHfs;. ,e;j epiyapy; Map\h (uyp) mtHfs; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mtHfspd;

jpUehtpypUe;J gpd;tUk; nrhw;fisr; nrtpAw;whHfs;.

'a+jHfspd; kPJk; fpw];jtHfspd; kPJk; ,iwtdpd; rhgKz;lhfl;Lk;! mtHfs; jq;fs; ,iwj;JhjHfspd;

kz;ziwfis tzf;f];jsq;fshf;fpd; nfhz;lhHfs;."

mz;zy; egp (]y;) mtHfs; Map\h (uyp) mtHfsplk; vg;NghNjh xU Kiw rpy nghw;fhRfisf; nfhLj;J

itj;jpUe;jhHfs;. me;j mikjpaw;w epiyapNyNa xUKiw> 'Map\hNt! me;jg; nghw;fhRfs; vq;Nf?" vd;W

tpdtpdhHfs;. 'K`k;kj; ,iwtdpd; ghpghypf;Fk; Mw;wiyf; Fwpj;J Iaq;fs; nfhz;ltdhf> mtidr; re;jpg;gJ

tpUg;gj;jf;fjh? clNd me;jg; nghw;fhRfis ,iwtopapy; jUkk; nra;J tpL!" vd;W Mizapl;lhHfs;.

NguUshid Nehf;fp...

Neha; rpy Ntisfspy; mjpfhpg;gJk; rpy Ntisfspy; FiwtJkhf ,Ue;jJ. mz;zy; egp (]y;) mtHfs;

tho;tpd; ,Wjpehshd jpq;fl;fpoikad;W fhiyapy; mtHfs; Neha; rw;W jsHe;jjhfj; njd;gl;lJ. Mdhy; Neuk;

nry;yr; nry;y mz;zy; egp (]y;) mtHfs; mbf;fb %Hr;irahdhHfs;.

,e;j epiyapy; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mtHfspd; jpUehtpypUe;J> 'my;yh`; vtHfs; kPJ jd; mUisg;

nghope;jhNdh mtHfSld;" vd;Dk; nrhw;fis mbf;fb ntspg;gl;l tz;zkpUe;jd. rpyNtis> ',iwth! ePNa

caHe;j ez;gd;!" vd;W $wpatz;zkpUe;jhHfs;. rpy Ntisfspy; ',g;NghJ NtW vtUkpy;iy. me;j caHe;j

ez;gNd Njit!" vd;W $wpa tz;zkpUe;jhHfs;> ,t;thnwy;yhk; gpuhHj;jpj;j tz;zk; ,Ue;jhHfs. gpd;dH

mz;zy; egp (]y;) mtHfspd; Gdpj Mj;kh gphpe;jJ.

my;yh`{k;k ]y;yp myh K`k;kjpd; tghhpf;f t]y;yk;

my;yh`;Nt> K`k;kj; kPJ mUs; tsk; nghopthahf! mtUf;F rhe;jp toq;Fthahf!

`p[;hp 11-y; ugpa;Ay; mt;ty; khjj;jpy; nghUkhdhH (]y;) mtHfs; kuzpj;jhHfs;. kuzpj;j ehs; jpq;fl; fpoik

MFk;.

mLj;j ehs; mtHfspd; cly; Fspg;ghl;b fgdplg;gl;lJ. khiy Neuj;jpw;Fs; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mtHfspd;

jpUTly; mtHfs; kuzpj;j mNj miwapy; ey;ylf;fk; nra;ag;gl;lJ.

'ePUk; kuzpg;gtNu! mtHfSk; kuzpf;ff; $batHfNs!" (39 : 30)

(nghWik cilNahuhfpa) mtHfSf;Fj; Jd;gk; Vw;gLk; NghJ> 'epr;rakhf ehk; my;yh`;Tf;Nf chpatHfs;;>

epr;rakhf ehk; mtdplNk jpUk;gpr; nry;Nthk;" vd;W $WthHfs;.( 2:156).

Fog;gj;jpw;F Kw;Wg;Gs;sp

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,we;J tpl;lhHfs; vd;w nra;jpiaf; Nfs;tpg;gl;l mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;> jdJ

Fjpiuapy; Vwp ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ ,y;yj;jpw;F tpiue;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ> ckH (uyp) mtHfs;

gs;spapy; epd;W kf;fs; Kd; ciuahw;wpf; nfhz;bUe;j epfo;r;rpfs; vjidAk; fz;L nfhs;shj mGgf;fH (uyp)

mtHfs;> Neuhf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ cly; itf;fg;gl;bUe;j miwf;Fr; nrd;whHfs;. mtHfis

%bapUe;j NghHitia ePf;fp tpl;L> me;j kyH tjdj;jpy; Kj;jkpl;l mGgf;fH(uyp) mtHfspd; fz;fspy; ,Ue;J

fz;zPH tope;Njhbf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNs..! vdJ jhAk; je;ijAk; cq;fSf;F mw;gzkhfl;Lk;..! cq;fsJ tho;Tk;

Gdpjkhf ,Ue;jJ..! ,d;Dk; cq;fsJ kuzKk; GdpjkhdNj..! vd;whHfs;.

,iwtd; jdJ mbahhpd; kPJ NjHe;njLj;Jf; nfhz;l me;j kuzj;ij ePq;fs; Ritj;Jf; nfhz;L tpl;BHfs;.

,dp vg;nghOJk; ePq;fs; kuzpf;f khl;BHfs;..!

,e;j Gfohuq;fisr; #l;b tpl;L> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; kyH tjdj;ijg; NghHitahy; %b itj;J

tpl;L> ntspNa te;jhHfs;. mq;Nf ckH (uyp) mtHfs; jd;idr; Rw;wp epw;gtHfsplk; ,t;thW ciuahw;wpf;

nfhz;bUe;jhHfs; :

Page 22: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,q;Nf ,Uf;Fk; eatQ;rfHfs; rpyH ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,we;J tpl;ljhff; $Wfpd;whHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfs; ,wf;ftpy;iy. %]h (miy) mtHfs; ,iwtdplk; nrd;wpUg;gJ Nghy; nrd;Ws;shHfs;. Mdhy;

mtHfs; jdJ ,iwtdplk; nrd;wpUg;gij itj;J> ,iwj;J}jH(]y;) mtHfs; ,we;J tpl;ljhff;

$Wfpd;whHfs;. %]h (miy) mtHfs; vt;thW ehw;gJ ehl;fs; fopj;Jj; jpUk;gp te;jhHfNsh> mt;thNw

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSk; jpUk;gp tUthHfs; vd;W $wpf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;.

,jidr; nrtpkLj;j mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;> ckNu..! epWj;Jq;fs;..! mikjpahf ,Uq;fs;..! cq;fis ePq;fs;

Kjypy; fl;Lg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sq;fs; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

gpd;G ,iwtidg; Gfo;e;jtHfshf..!

Nfl;Lf; nfhs;Sq;fs;..! NjhoHfNs..! epr;rakhf..! ahH K`k;kij tzq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfNsh> mwpe;J

nfhs;Sq;fs;..! K`k;kJk; ,we;J Nghff; $batNu..! ahH my;yh`;it tzq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfNsh...!

mwpe;J nfhs;Sq;fs;..! mtNd epj;jpa [Ptd;> mtDf;F ,wg;ngd;gNj fpilahJ..! vd;W $wp tpl;L> fPo;f;fz;l

,iwtrdj;ij Xj Muk;gpj;jhHfs;..

K`k;kJ(]y;) (,iwtdpd;) J}jNu md;wp(NtW) my;yH. mtUf;F Kd;dUk; (my;yh`;tpd;) J}jHfs; gyH

(fhyk;) nrd;Wtpl;lhHfs;;. mtH ,we;J tpl;lhy; my;yJ nfhy;yg;gl;lhy;; ePq;fs; cq;fs; Fjpfhy;fspd; Nky;

(Gwq;fhl;bj;) jpUk;gp tpLtPHfsh? mg;gb vtNuDk; jk; Fjpfhy;fs;Nky; (Gwq;fhl;b) jpUk;gp tpLthuhdhy; mtH

my;yh`;Tf;F vt;tpjj; jPq;Fk; nra;Jtpl KbahJ. md;wpAk;> my;yh`; ed;wpAilNahUf;F mjprPf;fpuj;jpy;

ew;$ypia toq;Fthd;. (3:143)

Nkw;fz;l ,iwtrdj;ij Xjpf;fhl;ba gpd;G> NjhoHfs; jq;fsJ epiyia czHe;jtHfshff; $wpdhHfs;>

,g;nghOJ jhd; ,e;j trdk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F mUspaJ Nghd;wpUf;fpd;wJ vd;gij ehq;fs;

mg;nghOJ czHe;J nfhz;Nlhk; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

mg;nghOJ ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; epiy vt;thwpUe;jJ vd;W mG+`{iuuh (uyp) mtHfs; mwptpf;fpd;whHfs; :

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsplkpUe;J ,e;j trdj;ijf; Nfl;l ckH (uyp) mtHfsJ ghjq;fs; epiyFiya

Muk;gpj;jd> mtuhy; rhpahf epw;ff; $l Kbahj msTf;F js;shba ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> epiyFiyahj me;j

kdpjH epyj;jpy; rha;e;Nj tpl;lhH> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,we;J tpl;lhHfs; vd;gij mGgf;fH (uyp)

mtHfs; Xjpf;fhl;ba me;j trdk; ckH (uyp) mtHfisj; njspT ngwr; nra;jJ.

Nkw;fz;l rk;gtj;ijg; gw;wp jdJ Ml;rpapd; nghOJ xUehs; mg;Jy;yh ,g;D mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfsplk; epidT

$He;j ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> Nkw;fz;l 2:143 (ehk; cq;fis xU eL epiyAs;s ck;kj;jhf (rKjhakhf)

Mf;fpAs;Nshk;; (mg;gb Mf;fpaJ) ePq;fs; kw;w kdpjHfspd; rhl;rpahsHfshf ,Ug;gjw;fhfTk;> u]_y; (ek; J}jH)

cq;fs; rhl;rpahsuhf ,Ug;gjw;fhfTNkahFk;;)trdj;jpd; %yk;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; vg;nghOJk;

tho;e;J nfhz;bUf;ff; $batHfNs..! vd;W jhd; ehd; vz;zpf; nfhz;bUe;Njd; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

NjHjy;

,g;nghOJ ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; gs;spapy; md;]hHfs; xd;W $b ,Ue;J nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ>

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsplk; xUtH te;J> md;]hHfs; ,g;nghOJ rfP/gh gdP r/jh tpy; jpuz;bUf;fpd;whHfs;>

mtHfs; mq;F mLj;j fyP/gh ahH vd;gJ gw;wp Ngrpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs;> epiyik Kw;wp mjd; gpd;

eltbf;if vLg;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf> ,g;nghONj nrd;W mq;Fs;s K];ypk;fisg; ghJfhg;gjw;Fz;lhd

eltbf;ifia vLq;fs; vd;W me;j kdpjH $wpdhH.

epiyikapd; tpghPjj;ij czHe;J nfhz;l ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> mGgf;fH mtHfNs..! ehk; ,g;nghONj nrd;W

ekJ rNfhjuHfshd md;]hHfisr; re;jpg;Nghk; vd;W MNyhrid $wpdhHfs;. mjd;gbNa> ,UtUk; me;j

,lj;jpw;F tpiue;jhHfs;. nry;Yk; topapy; mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfSk; ,tHfSld; ,ize;J nfhz;lhHfs;.

,jw;fpilapy; ,uz;L md;]hHfs; ,tHfis topapy; re;jpj;jhHfs;> mtHfs; ,tHfis Nehf;fp ePq;fs; vq;F

nry;fpd;wPHfs; vdf; Nfl;lhHfs;> mjw;F ckH (uyp) mtHfs; gjpyspj;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ mtHfs; ePq;fs; mq;F

Nghtjw;Fg; gjpyhf jpUk;gp tpLtNj Nky;> md;]hhpfshfpa mtHfs; jq;fsJ gpur;idfisj; jhq;fNs jPHj;Jf;

nfhs;sl;Lk; vd;W MNyhrid $wpa nghOJ> ,y;iy> rj;jpakhf ehq;fs; me;j ,lj;jpw;Fr; nrd;Nw jPUNthk;

vd;W ckH (uyp) mtHfs; gjpyspj;jhHfs;.

Page 23: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,dp gdP rfP/gh tpy; vd;d elf;fpd;wJ vd;gijg; gw;wpg; ghHg;Nghk;. $l;lk; jpuz;bUe;j me;j ,lj;jpy;> rmj;

gpd; cigjh mtHfs; jdJ Muk;g ciuia epfo;j;j Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

,iwtidg; Gfo;e;jtHfshf> X..! md;]hhpfNs..! ,];yhj;ijg; nghWj;jtiu ePq;fs; midj;J tp\aq;fspy;

Kjd;ik ngw;wtHfshf ,Uf;fpd;wPHfs;> mNugpahtpy; ,Uf;ff; $ba kw;w midj;J Fyq;fis tplTk;

,];yhj;jpd; Nkd;ikia caHj;jpa ngUik ngw;wtHfshfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wPHfs;. ,d;Dk; K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfs;

,];yhj;jpd; J}Jj;Jtg; gpur;rhuj;ij me;j kf;fj;Jf; Fiw\pfsplk; gj;J tUlq;fs; vLj;J itj;j NghJk;>

xU rpyNu ,e;j rj;jpaj;ij Vw;f Kd;te;jhHfs;> ,d;Dk; gyH jq;fsJ gioa kjj;jpNyNa njhlHe;J ,Ue;J

te;j epiyapy;> ,d;Dk; rpyH ,];yhj;ijj; jOtpdhYk; ,];yhk; tYthdnjhU epiyf;F tutpy;iy. Vd;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisg; ghJfhf;Fk; typikiaf; $l ngw;wpUf;ftpy;iy> ,d;Dk; ,];yhj;jpd;

ngUikfis caHj;j ,aytpy;iy> ,d;Dk; mlf;FKiwahsHfspd; mlf;FKiwfis mlf;fp xLf;fTk; ,ayhj

epiyapNyNa ,Ue;j epiyapy;> my;yh`;tpd; kPJk; mtdJ J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kPJk; ek;gpf;if nfhs;s

itj;jjd; %yk;> my;yh`; cq;fisf; nfhz;L ,e;j khHf;fj;jpd; cd;djj;ij kw;wtHfSf;F

tpsq;fg;gLj;jpdhd;> Nkd;ikg;gLj;jpdhd;. ,d;Dk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisAk;> mtHfsJ NjhoHfisAk;

ghJfhf;Fk; nghWg;igAk; toq;fpaNjhL> ,];yhj;jpd; fz;zpaj;ij Nkd;ikAwr; nra;Ak; nghWg;igAk; cq;fsplk;

toq;fpdhd;> ,d;Dk; rj;jpa khHf;fj;jpw;F vjpuhf NghH njhLj;j vjphpfSf;F ghlk; fw;gpf;Fk; tPuj;ijAk;

cq;fsplkpUe;J vOk;gr; nra;jhd;. cq;fsJ me;j tPuj;jpd; jhf;fkhdJ vjphpfSf;F fLk; mr;rj;ij Cl;baJ>

mtHfs; cq;fisr; rhHe;jtHfshf ,Ue;jhYk; my;yJ ntspNjrj;ijr; NrHe;jtHfshf ,Ue;jhYk;> mtHfis

ePq;fs; ,];yhj;jpd; vjphpfshff; fzpj;Nj vjpHj;J te;j> NghH nra;j ngUikf;FhpatHfshf ,Ue;jPHfs;. ,jd;

%yk; mNugpahthdJ tpUk;gpNah my;yJ tpUk;ghkNyh ,iwtdpd; fl;lisf;F rpuk; jho;j;jpaJ. cq;fSila

thspd; typikahdJ mtHfis kz;bapl itj;jJ> ,jd; %yk; KO mNugpahTk; cq;fSf;F fl;Lg;gl;L tuf;

$ba epiyikAk; cUthfpaJ. ,g;nghOJ ,iwtdpd; fl;lisg; gpufhuk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

kuzkile;J tpl;lhHfs;> vjpy; ePq;fs; ,g;nghOJ tpthjk; nra;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wPHfNsh (mjhtJ fpyhgj;ijg;

gw;wp) mjpy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; cq;fisg; nghWj;jtiu KO jpUg;jpg;gl;ltHfshfj; jhd; ,Ue;jhHfs;.

,J cq;fSila chpikAk; $l> kw;wtHfisg; Nghy my;y vd;W $wp tpl;L ciuia Kbj;jhHfs;.

cigjh mtHfspd; ciuiar; nrtpkLj;j kf;fs;> ePq;fs; vq;fsJ jiytuhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wPHfs;>

,iwek;gpf;if kpf;ftuhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wPHfs;> cq;fsJ mwpTiuia ehq;fs; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;> mjd;gbr;

nray;glTk; jahuhf ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;W $wpdhHfs;. ,e;j ciuf;Fg; gpd; kPz;Lk; MNyhrid Jtq;fpa

nghOJ> xUtH Nfl;lhH>

rj;jpa khHf;fj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;ltHfspy; Kjd;ikahdtHfshfTk;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F kpfTk;

neUf;fkhdtHfshfTk; ,Uf;fpd;w jFjpia itj;J> mtHfs; mjhtJ K`h[pHfs; jiyikg; nghWg;G

jq;fSf;Fj; jhd; tu Ntz;Lk; vd;W tpUk;gpdhy;> mjw;F vd;d gjpiy itj;Js;sPHfs; vd;w Nfs;tpiaf;

Nfl;lhH.

mq;fpUe;j xU md;]hH $wpdhH> ek;kpilNa xUtH mkPuhf ,Ug;gJ Nghy> mtHfSf;F xUtH mkPuhf ,Ug;ghH>

ve;j epge;jidfisAk; ek;khy; Vw;Wf; nfhs;s KbahJ vd;Wk; mtH NkYk; $wpdhH.

md;]hHfs; ,t;thW Ngrpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; epiyapy; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSk;> ckH (uyp) mtHfSk;> cigjh

(uyp) mtHfSk; me;j mitf;Fs; Eiofpd;whHfs;. md;]hHfs; jq;fSf;Fs; kpfg; nghpa tpthjq;fis elj;jpf;

nfhz;bUf;Fk; epiyapy;> xUtH kl;Lk; jd;idj; Jzpahy; NghHj;jpf; nfhz;ltuhf gLj;jpUe;jhH. ahH mtH

vd;W ckH (uyp) mtHfs; tprhhpj;j nghOJ> mtH jhd; rmj; gpd; cigjh (uyp) mtHfs; vd;W gjpy;

nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. mtH Vd; ,t;thW gLj;jpUf;fpd;whH? vd;W Nfl;fg;gl;l NghJ> mtH RftPdkhf ,Uf;fpd;whH

vd;W $wg;gl;lJ.

,jid mLj;J te;j me;j %tUk; mitapy; cl;fhHe;j gpwF> md;]hHfspy; xUtH vOe;J fyPghthf

NjHe;njLf;fg;gLtjpy; md;]hHfspd; Kd;Dhpik vd;dntd;gijg; gw;wpg; NgrpdhH. mtUf;F mLj;Jg; Ngrpa

gyUk; ,Nj njhzpapy; jhd; Ngrp tpl;Lr; nrd;whHfs;.

,g;nghOJ ckH (uyp) mtHfs; jhd; Ngr tpUk;Gtjw;F vOk;g Kad;w nghOJ> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; mtiuj;

jLj;J tpl;L> jhNd Ngrg; Nghtjhff; $wp vOe;jhHfs;.

,iwtidg; Gfo;e;J tpl;L> my;yh`; K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfisg; gilj;J> mtuJ NjhoHfshd ekf;F top

Page 24: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

fhl;l mDg;gp itj;jhd;> mjd; %yk; my;yh`;tpd; mbikfs; mtid tzq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfTk;>

,d;Dk; jt;`Pj; vd;W nrhy;yf; $ba Vfj;Jtk; vd;w jj;Jtj;ij Vw;Wg; gpd;gw;WthHfs; vd;gjw;fhfTk; jd;

J}jiu ek;kpilNa mDg;gp itj;jhd;.

,];yhj;jpd; tUiff;F Kd;dH kf;fs; gy E}W nja;tq;fis tzq;fp te;jhHfs;> me;jj; nja;tq;fsplk;

jq;fsJ Njitfis epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;sg; gpuhHj;jpj;jhHfs;> ,d;Dk; me;j nja;tq;fs; ahTk; fy;ypYk;>

kuj;jpYk; tbf;fg;gl;litahf ,Ue;j epiyapYk;> mwpe;Nj ,e;jj; jtiwr; nra;J te;jhHfs;. jdJ ,e;j

Ngr;rpw;F Mjhukhff; fPo;f;fz;l ,iwtrdj;ijAk; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; me;j mitapdUf;F Nfhbl;Lf;

fhl;bdhHfs;.

jq;fSf;F (ahnjhU) ed;ikNah jPikNah nra;a ,ayhj my;yh`; my;yhjtw;iw (K\;hpf;Ffs;)

tzq;FfpwhHfs;; ,d;Dk; mtHfs;> '',it vq;fSf;F my;yh`;tplk; kd;whl;lk; nra;git"" vd;Wk; $WfpwhHfs;;

(10:18)

''mtHfs; vq;fis my;yh`;tpd; mUNf rkPgkhff; nfhz;L nry;thHfs; vd;gjw;fhfNt ad;wp ehq;fs; mtHfis

tzq;ftpy;iy"" (vd;fpd;wdH). (39:3)

,e;jg; G+kpf;F ,];yhk; te;Jjpj;j gpd;dH> rj;jpa khHf;fj;ij ,e;j muGf;fs; Vw;Wg; gpd;gw;Wtjpy; mjpf

myl;rpak; fhl;bdH> jq;fsJ Kd;NdhHfsJ khHf;fj;ij tpl;L tpl;L tu kWj;jdH. ,e;j epiyapy; jhd;>

K`h[pHfis my;yh`; mtHfspypUe;Nj cUthf;fpdhd;> mtHfspd; %yk; jdJ J}jiu ,iwj;J}jnud;W

Vw;Wf; nfhs;sr; nra;jhd;. ,iwek;gpf;if nfhs;sr; nra;jhd;> mtuJ nrhe;j cld;gpwg;Gf;fNs mtiu

ngha;anud;W J}w;wpa nghOJk;> mtUf;F nrhy;nyhz;zh Jd;gq;fisf; nfhLj;j nghOJk;> mjpy; gq;F ngwf;

$batHfshf ,e;j Muk;gfhy K];ypk;fis my;yh`; jdJ J}jUf;F toq;fpdhd;.

ehk; rpW $l;lkhf ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;gjdhYk;> ,d;Dk; ekJ vjphpfs; ek;ik tpl mjpfk; ,Uf;fpd;whHfs;

vd;gjdhYk; $l mtHfsJ ,iwek;gpf;ifiaj; jsTwr; nra;a Kbatpy;iy> mtHfsJ cstypikia

mirj;J tpl Kbahj msTf;F mtHfsplk; cWjpg;ghL ,Ue;jJ vd;gJ> me;j Muk;gfhy K];ypk;fSf;fpUe;j

kpfg; ngUk; mUl;nfhilfshFk;. ,e;j kf;fs; jhd; ,iwek;gpf;ifapy; Ke;jpf; nfhz;l kf;fshthHfs;> ,tHfs;

,e;jg; G+kpapy; ,iwtid tzq;f Ml;fNs ,y;yhj me;j epiyapy;> ,iwek;gpf;ifapy; Ke;jpf; nfhz;L

,iwek;gpf;if nfhz;lhHfs;> my;yh`; xUtidNa jq;fsJ Vf ,iwtdhfTk;> mtdJ jpUj;J}jH K`k;kJ

(]y;) mtHfis> jhq;fs; Vw;Wg; gpd;gw;Wfpd;w J}juhfTk; Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,Jty;yhky;> mtHfs; me;jj;

J}jUf;Fj; NjhouhfTk;> ,d;Dk; cwtpdHfshfTk; ,Ue;jhHfs;. ,e;j tifapy;> ,e;j fyPghTf;fhd

Kd;Dhpikapy; mtHfisj; jtpu NtW vtUk; chpik nfhz;lhl Kbahj msTf;F mtHfspd; kpfTk; cWjpahd

Mjhuq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,d;Dk; jtwpiog;gtHfisj; jtpu NtW ahUk; ,e;j tp\aj;jpy; mtHfSld; Nghl;b

Nghl khl;lhHfs;. mtHfSf;F vjpuhd eltbf;ifia Nkw;nfhs;s khl;lhHfs; vd;Wk; jdJ ciuapy; $wpdhH>

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;.

,d;Dk; vd;Dila md;]hhpj; NjhoHfNs...!

,e;j ,];yhkpa khHf;fj;jpy; cq;fsJ caH juj;ij ahUk; kWj;J tpl KbahJ my;yJ ,];yhj;jpd; kPJ

cq;fSf;F cs;s gw;iw ahUk; re;Njfpj;J tpl KbahJ. cq;fis my;yh`; ,e;j ,];yhkpa khHf;fj;jpw;Fk;

,d;Dk; jdJ J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;Fk; cjtf; $ba md;]hHfshfj; NjHe;njLj;jpUf;fpd;whd;. ,d;Dk;

kf;fhtpypUe;J mtiu ntspNaw;wp cq;fs; ghy; mtiu tur; nra;jhd;> mjdhy; mNefkhd Mz;fSk;

ngz;fSkhf ,];yhj;jpw;Fs; ePq;fs; Eioe;jPHfs; me;j tifapy; ePq;fs;> kw;wtHfisf; fhl;bYk; mjpfkhd

vz;zpf;ifapy; ,iwek;gpf;if nfhz;ltHfshf ,Uf;fpd;wPHfs;. ,e;j NghjpYk;> ePq;fs; me;j Muk;gfhy

K];ypk;fSf;Fg; gpd;dhy; jhd; epw;ff; $ba epiyapy; ,Uf;fpd;wPHfs;. vdNt> K`h[pHfshfpa ehq;fs;

jiyikg; nghWg;gpYk;> mjhtJ mkPuhfTk;> ,d;Dk; me;j mkPufj;jpw;F cjtf; $ba mikr;rHfshfTk;

,Ug;gNj ePjkhd jPHg;ghFk; vd;W ehd; fUJfpd;Nwd; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

,d;Dk; rpy mwptpg;Gfspy;> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; jhd; ,U egHfisr; Rl;bf;fhl;l ,Ug;gjhfTk;> me;j

,Uthpy; xUtiu ePq;fs; NjHT nra;jhy; mjid ehd; MNkhjpf;fpd;Nwd; vd;W $wpajhfTk; tUfpd;wJ.

mt;thW mtHfs;> ckH (uyp) mtHfisAk;> mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfisAk; Rl;bf;fhl;bajhfTk;

Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;j thrfj;Jld; jdJ ciuia mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; Kbj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs; vd;Wk;

Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ.

Page 25: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ fUj;ij typAWj;jpg; Ngrpajd; gpd;dUk;> rpy md;]hHfs; vOj;jpUe;J

jq;fSf;fpUf;fpd;w Kd;Dhpikfis vLj;Jiuj;J> fyPgh vd;gtH vq;fspypUe;Nj tu Ntz;Lk; vd;w fUj;ijNa

typAWj;jpg; Ngrp te;jdH. mg;nghOJ mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfs; vOe;jpUe;jhHfs;. X md;]hHfNs..!

vd;dUikj; NjhoHfNs..!

ePq;fs; cjtp kw;Wk; xj;jhir nra;af; $batHfspy; Ke;jpf; nfhz;ltHfs; vd;gjw;fhf> ,e;j fyPgh NjHT

tp\aj;jpYk; jq;fSf;F Kd;Dhpik Ntz;Lk; vd;W NfhUtJ rhpay;y> mjid ePq;fs; jtpHj;J nfhs;s

Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j tifapy;> md;]hhpj; NjhoHfspy; %j;jtHfshd i[j; gpd; jhgpj; kw;Wk; g\PH gpd; rmj; (uyp)

Mfpa ,UtUk; vOe;jpUe;J jq;fsJ md;]hhpj; NjhoHfSf;F> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; kw;Wk; mG+ cigjh

(uyp) Mfpa ,Uthpd; Ngr;rpy; cs;s epahaj;ij tpsf;fpf; $wpdhHfs;.

mjidapl;L> i[j; gpd; jhgpj; (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; : ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSk; xU K`h[pH> vdNt>

me;j K`h[pHfspy; ,Ue;Nj jhd; ehk; ekJ jiytiu (,khik) j; NjHe;njLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ehk; md;]hHfs;>

mjhtJ cjtpahsHfs; - ehk; mtHfSf;F cjTtjpy; jhd; ekJ gq;fspg;G cs;sJ vd;W tpsf;fpdhHfs;.

,tuJ ,e;jf; $w;iw Mjhpj;J g\PH (uyp) mtHfs; ciuahw;wpdhHfs;> X .. md;]hHfNs..! vd;dUikj;

NjhoHfNs..! ehk; me;j gy nja;t tzf;ff; fhuHfis vjpHj;J gy NghHfspy; Kd;dzp tfpj;Js;Nshk; jhd;>

Mdhy; me;j mw;gzpg;Gfs; vy;yhk; ek;ikg; gilj;j me;j ty;Nyhdpd; khHf;fj;ij NkNyhq;fr; nra;jtHfs;

vd;w fz;zpaj;ijg; ngw;W> mtdJ jpUg;nghUj;jj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sj; jhd;. ,d;Dk; mjd; %yk;

my;yh`;Tf;F mbgzpe;Njhk;> mtdJ jpUj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;Ff; fPo;gbe;Njhk;> ,d;Dk; Fwpg;ghf ekJ

kWikg; gazj;jpw;fhfNt cioj;Njhk;> ghLgl;Nlhk;. ehk; gpwuJ chpikfisg; gwpf;Fk; Nehf;fj;jpy; ,j;jifa

mw;gzpg;Gfspy; <LglTk; ,y;iy> ,d;Dk; ,e;j cyf Mjhaj;jpw;fhfTk; ehk; ghLglTk; ,y;iy. my;yh`;

jhd; ekJ mw;gzpg;GfSf;F $yp toq;ff; $batd;.

,d;Dk; xd;iw ehk; Ghpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; Fiw\pf; Fyj;jpypUe;J te;jtHfs;>

mjdhy; mtHfSk; $l jhq;fs; jhd; fyPghf tu Ntz;Lk; vd;w thjj;ij typAWj;jpf; $w KbAk;> ,d;Dk;

mtHfs; mjw;Fj; jFjpahdtHfSk; $l> mtHfs; jhd; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; tpl;Lr; nrd;w ,lj;jpid

epug;gp> jiyikg; nghWg;Gf;F tuf; $batHfshfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whHfs;. ,d;Dk; ,e;j tp\aj;jpy; vd;id xU

tpjz;lhthjf; fhudkhf my;yh`; vd;id Mf;fhjpUf;fNt ehk; tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. my;yh`;Tf;fhf..! mtHfSld;

ve;j tpjz;lhthjq;fSk;> jHf;fKk; Ntz;lhk;> vd;Nw ehd; tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd; vd;W Ngrp Kbj;jhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; vOe;J> jhd; Vw;fdNt Kd; itj;j Nfhhpf;if Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jp> cq;fs;

Kd; ,Uf;fpd;w ,e;j ,Uthpy; xUtiuj; NjHT nra;Aq;fs; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfNs..! ,e;j tp\aj;jpy; cq;fis tpl ehq;fs; ve;j tpjj;jpYk; rpwe;jtHfs; my;y>

vq;fisf; fhl;bYk; cq;fSf;Nf mjpfj; jFjpfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd> vq;fis Ntl;ghsHfshf Kd;dpWj;j ehq;fs;

rk;kjpf;f khl;Nlhk; vd;W> ,UtUk; xUNruf; $wpdhHfs;.

re;Njfkpy;yhky;> K`h[pHfspy; ePq;fs; jiyrpwe;jtHfs;> me;jf; Fifapy; ,Ue;j ,Uthpy; xUtuhfTk;

,Ue;jPHfs;> ,d;Dk; cq;fisj; jhd; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; njhOifapy; ,khkhf epakdk; nra;jhHfs;>

,d;Dk; njhOif vd;gJ ekJ khHf;fj;jpd; jiy Nghd;wjhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

,d;Dk; cq;fisf; fhl;bYk;> ,jid tplr; rpwe;j jFjpapidg; ngw;w xUtH ek;kpilNa ahH jhd;

,Uf;fpd;whHfs;?

cq;fsJ iffis ePl;Lq;fs;> cq;fis vq;fsJ jiytuhf Vw;Wf; nfhz;L cq;fsJ fuq;fspy; ehq;fs;

rj;jpag; gpukhzk; nra;fpd;Nwhk; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfSk;> cigjh (uyp) mtHfSk; Ngrp Kbj;jTld;> ahiuAk; vjpHghHf;fkhy; Kd; te;j g\PH gpd;

rmj; my; md;]hhp (uyp) vd;w egpj;NjhoH> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfspd; fuq;fspy; igmj; vd;w cWjpg;gpukhzk;

vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhH. mtuJ cWjpg;gpukhzj;jpw;Fg; gpd; ckH (uyp) mtHfSk;> mtUf;Fk; gpd; mG+ cigjh

(uyp) mtHfSk; cWjpg;gpukhzk; vLj;Jf; nfhs;s> gpd; mq;fpUe;j xt;nthUtuhf te;j cWjpg;gpukhzk;

vLj;Jf; nfhs;s Muk;gpj;jhHfs;> mg;nghOJ mq;Nf RftPdj;Jld; gLj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j rmj; gpd; cigjh

(uyp) mtHfs; vq;Nf kf;fspd; fhy;fspy; kPjpgl;L> cUf;Fiye;J Ngha;tpLthHfNsh vd;W mr;rg;gLk; msTf;F

kf;fs; mq;Nf jpuz;L Kz;babj;Jf; nfhz;L te;J cWjpg;gpukhzk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,d;Dk; ,e;jr;

Page 26: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

nra;jp kjPdh efnuq;Fk; vjpnuhypf;f kf;fs; $l;lk; $l;lkhf te;J FOkpdH. ,JNt> tuyhw;wpy; jdpg;gl;l

eghplk; vLj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl;l cWjpg;gpukhzk; vd;wiof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

igmj; my;yJ cWjpg;gpukhzk;

,jid mLj;J te;j (nrt;thf; fpoik) jpdj;jpy;> nghJkf;fsplk; igmj; vd;w cWjpg;gpukhzk; ngwg;gl;lJ.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; gs;spapd; Kd;dhy; nghJkf;fs; jpushff; FOkpa gpd;> mitapdUf;F kpk;ghpy;

,Ue;J nfhz;L ckH (uyp) mtHfs; ciuahw;w Muk;gpj;jhHfs; :

‘ehd; vjpHghHj;Njd;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,g;nghOJ capUld; ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; ekf;F ,jid njspthf

vLj;Jiuj;jpUg;ghHfs;. Mdhy;> ,d;W mtHfs; ek;kpilNa ,y;iy> Mdhy; my;yh`; ekf;F topfhl;l toq;fpa

Ntjkhd jpUf;FHMd; ek;kpilNa ,Uf;fpd;wJ> ,jidf; nfhz;L jhd; my;yh`; jd; J}jH (]y;) mtHfis

top elj;jpdhd;. mNj topKiwg; gpufhuk; ,g;nghOJ mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; te;Js;shHfs;> mtHfs;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; NjhoUk; MthH> ,d;Dk; Fifapy; ,Ue;j ,Uthpy; xUtUk; mtNu> cq;fSila

tptfhuq;fis rhpahd Kiwapy; ifahs;tjw;F mtiu tplr; rpwe;j xU kdpjH re;Njfkw ek;kpy; ahUk;

fpilahJ. ,g;nghOJ ePq;fs; mtH Kd;ghf te;J igmj; vd;w cWjpg;gpukhzj;ij vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;’vd;W $wp Kbj;jhHfs;.

nghJkf;fsplk; ,e;j Ntz;LNfhis tpLj;J tpl;L> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfis Nehf;fpa ckH (uyp) mtHfs;>

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfNs> ePq;fs; kpk;ghpy; Vwpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;> vd;W $wpdhHfs;. rw;W jaf;fj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dH>

ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; Ntz;LNfhis Vw;W kpk;ghpy; Vwpa mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

tof;fkhf mkHe;j Kjy; gbapy; mkuhJ> mjw;Fk; xUgb fPNo cs;s gbapy; cl;fhHe;jhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ nghJkf;fs; midtUk; xt;nthUtuhf te;J mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfspd; fuq;fspy; cWjpg;gpukhzk;

toq;fpdhHfs;. kf;fspy; midtUk; cWjpg;gpukhzk; toq;fpa gpd;dH> ,g;nghOJ nghJkf;fspd; Kd;dpiyapy;

jdJ Kjy; ciuia Mw;Wtjw;fhf mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; vOe;J epd;whHfs;.

,iwtidg; Gfo;e;J tpl;L> vd;Dila kf;fNs..! ,iwtd; kPJ rj;jpakhf ,e;jg; gjtpf;fhf ,utpYk; rhp

my;yJ gfypYk; rhp..> ehd; vd;WNk FWf;F topapy; nray;gl;lJ fpilahJ> ,jid tpUk;gpaJk; fpilahJ>

,d;Dk; ,e;jg; gjtpia Ntz;b ,iwtdplk; NeubahfNth my;yJ kiwKfkhfNth gpuhHj;jpj;jJk; fpilahJ.

Mdhy;> rpy Ntz;lj;jfhj tpisTfs; Vw;gl;L tpLNkh vd;W jhd; ehd; mQ;Rfpd;Nwd;. ,g;nghOJ vd; kPJ

ePq;fs; kpfg; nghpa Rikiar; Rkj;jpAs;sPHfs;> ,J vd;Dila rf;jpf;F mg;ghw;gl;lJ> ,iwtDila

cjtpapd;wp vd;dhy; ,jid epiwT nra;a ,ayhJ. ,e;j ,f;fl;lhd fhy fl;lj;jpy; vd;id tpl rf;jp

tha;e;jnjhU kdpjiuj; jhd; ,e;j ,lj;jpy; ehd; ghHf;f tpUk;gpNdd; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

re;Njfkpy;yhky;> ,g;nghOJ ehd; cq;fshy; jiyikg; nghWg;Gf;F epakpf;fg;gl;bUg;gpDk;> ehd; cq;fis tplr;

rpwe;jtdy;yd;. ehd; NeHtopapy; ,Ug;gjw;F vdf;F ePq;fs; cjTq;fs;> ehd; jtwpiof;Fk; nghOJ vd;id

ePq;fs; NeHtopg;gLj;Jq;fs;> rPHjpUj;Jq;fs;. rj;jpak; vd;gJ mkhdpjk; Nghd;wJ> ngha; vd;gJ mgfPHj;jpahdJ.

cq;fspy; gytPdHfs; vd;dplk; fLikiaf; fhl;ll;Lk;> mtHfsJ chpikfs; epiyehl;lg;gLk; tiu..> ,d;Dk;

cq;fspy; typikahdtHfs; vd; kPJ ,uf;fk; fhl;ll;Lk;.

my;yh`;tpd; ghijapy; NghuhLtjdpd;Wk; tpyfp ,Uf;f ve;j rKjhaj;jpdhYk;> Mdhy; gLghjff; nfhiyapy;

<LgLtijj; jtpHj;J> my;yh`;tpd; ghijapy; NghuhLtjidf; if tpLtjw;F ve;j rKjhaj;jpw;Fk; mDkjp

fpilahJ. vtnuhUtH khdf; Nflhd tp\aj;ij nra;jhYk;> mtiu rj;jpaj;jpd; ghy; nfhz;L tug;gl;L

,iwtdpd; jz;lidia mtH kPJ epiwNtw;wp itf;fg;gLk;.

ehd; my;yh`;Tf;Fk; mtdJ J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;Fk; fl;Lg;gLk; tiuf;Fk; vdf;Fk; fl;Lg;gLq;fs;.

vg;nghOJ mtHfSf;Ff; fl;Lg;gLtjdpd;Wk; ehd; jtpHe;J tpLfpd;NwNdh mg;nghOjpypUe;J ePq;fSk; vdf;Ff;

fl;Lg;gl Ntz;lhk;.

,g;nghOJ njhOiff;fhd Neuk; te;J tpl;lJ. my;yh`; ek;kPJ fUiz Ghpthdhf..!

,e;j rj;jpag; gpukhzj;jpw;Fg; gpwF> my;yh`;tpd; J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; fyPgh vd;w gl;lj;ijg; ngw;Wf;

nfhz;lhH. xUKiw my;yh`;tpd; fyP/gh vd;W mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfis mioj;j nghOJ> mt;thW vd;id

Page 27: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

miof;f Ntz;lhk;> my;yh`;tpd; J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; fyP/gh vd;wiog;gijNa ehd; NghJkhf;fpf; nfhs;s

tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,we;jjd; gpd; muR epHthfk; rhpahd Kiwapy; ,aq;Ftjw;F Kiwahfj;

NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;l muR epHthfk; xd;W Njit vd;gJ mtrpakhf ,Ue;jJ> ,g;nghOJ mJ mGgf;fH (uyp)

mtHfs; jiyikg; nghWg;ig Vw;Wf; nfhz;ljd; fhuzkhf epiwNtwpaJ.

c]hkh (uyp) jiyikapy; gilnaLg;G

`p[;hp 8 k; Mz;L> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; capUld; ,Ue;j me;j fhyfl;lj;jpy;> K];ypk;fspd; kPJ

jhf;Fjy; elj;jj; jahuhfp te;j Nuhkg;gilfis> Kmj;jh vd;w ,lj;jpy; itj;J vjpHg;gjw;fhf c]hkh (uyp)

mtHfspd; jiyikapy; xU giliaj; jahH nra;jhHfs;. ,jpy; kjPdhitr; NrHe;j 700 ,isQHfs;

,Ue;jhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; RftPdk; mile;jjd; fhuzkhf> ,e;jg; gil kjPdhit tpl;Lk;

,d;Dk; fpsk;ghj epiyapy; ,Ue;jJ.

,g;nghOJ ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kuzpj;jjd; gpd;G> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSk; Ml;rpj; jiytuhf

NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;ljd; gpd;G> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; Ml;rpj; jiytuhf ,Ue;J> Kjd; Kjy; cj;juthf>

c]hkh (uyp) mtHfSld; NuhkHfis vjpHg;gjw;fhf jahH nra;ag;gl;l gil fpsk;gj; jahuhfl;Lk;> me;jg;

gilAld; nry;y cj;juT gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l vtUk; kjPdhtpy; jq;ff; $lhJ> me;jg; gilAld; nry;y

mDkjpf;fg;gl;ltHfs; midtUk; [{H/g; vd;w ,lj;jpy; Ngha; gilAld; NrHe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W

cj;jutpl;lhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) ,we;jjd; gpd;G> kjPdhtpd; r%fr; rkepiy ghjpf;fg;gl;lJ> mikjp mope;J fhzg;gl;lJ>

Gjpjhf ngha;j; J}jHfs; gyH Njhd;w Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,jid rhf;fhf itj;Jf; nfhz;L> fpwp];jtHfSk;>

A+jHfSk; jpl;lkpl;l Kiwapy; Fog;gq;fis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. ,e;j epiyapy;> mG+ k];Cj; (uyp)

Nghd;w Kd;dzp egpj;NjhoHfs;> c]hkh (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikapy; ,g;nghOJ xU gil ntspf;fpsk;gpr;

nry;tJ mt;tsT cfe;jjy;y. fLq;FspH Neuj;jpy;> Ml;blaidj; njhiyj;j Ml;L ke;ij Nghy> ,g;nghOJ

K];ypk;fspd; epiy ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Rw;wpYk; me;j Ml;ilf; fhT nfhs;sf; fhj;jpUf;Fk; Xeha; $l;lj;jpw;F

kj;jpapy; K];ypk;fs; mfg;gl;L jj;jspj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; Ntisapy;> ,e;jg; gilnaLg;G rhpjhdh? vd;w

Nfs;tpia vOg;gpdhHfs;.

Mdhy;; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfNsh> ,J vd;Dila cj;juty;y> ,J ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; cj;juT.

vd;Dila capH vtd; if trk; ,Uf;fpd;wNjh> mtd; kPJ rj;jpakhf..! ,e;j cj;jutpy; ehd; ve;j

khw;wj;ijAk; nra;a khl;Nld;. gil Gwg;gLtJ vd;gJcWjpahdJ. ,e;j cq;fsJ fUj;jpy; ehd;

cld;gLtij tpl> xU Xeha; vd;idf; ftHe;J nrd;W tpLtijNa ehd; nghpJk; tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;> ehd; ,e;j

kjPdhtpy; jd;dq;jdpahf jdpj;J tplg;gbDk; rhpNa..! vd;W $wp Kbj;jhHfs;.

rpy Kd;ndr;rhpf;if eltbf;iffis vLj;jjd; gpd;> gilAld; nry;y epakpf;fg;gl;ltHfis cld; fpsk;gj;

jahuhFk;gb mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; cj;jutpl;lhHfs;. midj;Jg; gilapdUk; ,g;nghOJ [{H/g; vd;w ,lj;jpy;

$b tpl;ldH. gilapdH mq;F Kfhkpl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;j me;j Neuj;jpy;> ckH (uyp) mtHfs; %ykhf xU

nra;jpia c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs; fyP/gh mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSf;F mDg;gp itf;fpd;whHfs;.

fyP/gh mtHfNs..!

ekJ gil fpsk;gpaTld;> ,e;j Fog;gf;fhuHfs; fyP/ghitAk;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; ,lj;ijAk;>

,d;Dk; nghJthf kf;fisAk; #o;e;J jhf;fj; Jtq;fp tpLthHfs;. vdNt> ePq;fs; mDkjpj;jhy; ehd;

kjPdhtpy; ,Uf;fNt tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd; vd;w nra;jpia mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;.

,e;j Neuj;jpy; mq;F $bapUe;j md;]hHfs; ,e;j MNyhridia ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; Kd;ghf itj;jhHfs;.

c]hkh (uyp) mtHfSf;Fg; gjpyhf> mtiu tpl tajpy; %j;j mDgtkpf;f xUtiu jiyikg; nghWg;gpy;

epakpf;fyhNk vd;W MNyhrid $wp> ,jid mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsplk; njhptpf;FkhW $wpdhHfs;.

c]hkh (uyp) mtHfspd; Ntz;LNfhSf;F gjpyspj;j fyP/gh mtHfs;> mt;thnwy;yhk; Njitapy;iy> gil

Gwg;gLtJ vd;gJ epr;rakhdJ vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

mjd; gpd; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; md;]hHfs; $wpa MNyhridia fyP/gh mtHfsplk; Kd; itj;jnghOJ>

,jidf; Nfl;l fyP/gh mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; rpde;jtHfshf..>

Page 28: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

cq;fs; kPJ mopT cz;lhthjhf..! ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; epakpj;j xUtiu vd;idf; nfhz;L ePf;f

Kidfpd;wPHfNs..!? vd;W Nfl;L tpl;L> fyP/gh mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; gilapdiu topaDg;gp itg;gjw;fhf

[{H/g; vd;w ,lj;jpw;F tpiue;jhHfs;.

,e;j Neuj;jpy;> gilf;Fj; jsgjpahf epakpf;fg;gl;l c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs; Fjpiuapy; mkHe;J tUfpd;whHfs;.

fyP/gh mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; ele;Jtu> mg;JH u`;khd; gpd; mt;/g; (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ Fjpiuapd; kPJ

mkuhky; mjid elj;jpf; $l;b tUfpd;whHfs;.

,g;nghOJ> c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs;> cq;fsJ Fjpiuia ePq;fs; Xl;b thUq;fs; my;yJ vd;id ele;J tu

mDkjpAq;fs; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; :

ehd; Fjpiuapy; VwpAk; tu KbahJ> cq;fis ,wq;fp elf;fTk; mDkjpf;f KbahJ vd;W $wp tpl;L>

my;yh`;tpd; ghijapy; Nghulf; fpsk;gpathpd; ghjq;fspy; glf; $ba J}rp gl;ljdhy; vd;Dila me;j];J vd;d

Fiwe;jh Ngha;tpLk;?

my;yh`;tpd; ghijapy; Nrit nra;af;$ba xUthpd; me;j];ij 700 klq;if caHj;Jfpd;whd;> ,d;Dk; 700

ghtq;fis Nghf;Ffpd;whd;> 700 ed;ikfis mtd; fzf;fpy; vOjp tpLfpd;whd;.

gpd;G> gilapdhpd; gf;fk; jpUk;gpa mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;> tPuHfNs..! cq;fSf;F ehd; gj;J fl;lisfis

,Lfpd;Nwd;. mtw;iw kdjpDs; gjpj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;..!

Nkhrbapy; <LglhjPHfs;> cq;fspy; jiytUf;Ff; fl;Lg;gl kWf;fhjPHfs;> cliy mq;ftPdg;gLj;jhjPHfs;.

tajhdtHfisAk;> ngz;fisAk; my;yJ Foe;ijfisAk; nfhiy nra;ahjPHfs;. <r;r kuq;fis ntl;lNth

my;yJ vhpf;fNth my;yJ fdpjuf; $ba kuq;fis ntl;lNth nra;ahjPHfs;. czTf;fh md;wp ML> khL

my;yJ xl;lfq;fis ntl;bf; nfhy;yhjPHfs;. klq;fspy; jq;fp jq;fsJ ,Wjpf;fhyj;ijf; fopf;ff;$ba

kf;fis xd;Wk; nra;ahjPHfs;> mtHfis mtHfsJ topapNyNa tpl;L tpLq;fs;. ePq;fs; nry;Yk; ghijfspy;

tpjtpjkhd ghj;jpuq;fspy; czT nfhz;L tuf; $ba kf;fisf; fhz;gPHfs;. mitfis ePq;fs; cz;z

Muk;gpf;Fk; nghOJ> ,iwtdJ jpUg;ngaiu nkhope;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,d;Dk; cr;re;jiyapy; rpiuj;J>

mjidr; Rw;wpYk; cs;s gFjpfspy; Kbfis tsu tpl;L ril Nghyj; njhq;f tpl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;

kdpjHfisg; ghHg;gPHfs;. mtHfis cq;fsJ thshy; jhf;Fq;fs;. my;yh`;tpd; ngaiuf; nfhz;L

Kd;NdWq;fs;. vjphpfspd; jhf;Fjy;fspypUe;J my;yh`; cq;fisg; ghJfhg;ghdhf ,d;Dk; nfhba

NehapypUe;Jk; cq;fisg; ghJfhg;ghdhf..! vd;W $wp Kbj;jhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,we;J 19 ehl;fs; fopj;J> ugPcy; MfpH khjk; ,Wjpapy; gil fpsk;g Muk;gpj;jJ.

,d;Dk; ,e;jg; gil fpsk;gpajd; %yk;> mNugpahitr; Rw;wpYk; cs;s kf;fspd; kdjpy; K];ypk;fisg; gw;wp

mr;rj;ij Cl;baJ. mjhtJ> kjPdhtpy; kpfTk; Fog;gkhd epiy epyTk; ,e;jr; #o;epiyapy;> gil xd;W

ntspf;fpsk;GtJ vd;gJ ,ayhj fhhpak;. mg;gb fpsk;Gfpd;wnjd;why;> K];ypk;fs; kpfTk; typik kpf;f epiyapy;

,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;gJ mHj;jkhFk; vd;W mtHfs; kjpg;gPL nra;J nfhz;lhHfs;.

ngha;j; J}jHfs;

kf;fhtpd; ntw;wpf;Fg; gpd;G> ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf gy;NtW Fyj;jtHfs; te;jhHfs;> ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfsplk; te;J ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,t;thW ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; mDg;gp

itf;fg;gl;l J}jHfs; %yk;> me;jg; gpuNjrj;J kf;fs; ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp mwpe;J nfhz;L ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf;

nfhz;lhHfs;. mt;thNw Ki]ykh tho;e;j gFjpahd vkd; kf;fSk; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. `p[;hp

10 Mk; Mz;L ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> myP (uyp) mtHfis vkDf;F mDg;gp itj;J> mq;Fs;s kf;fSf;F

,];yhj;ij vLj;Jf; $wp ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;gb miog;G tpLf;f mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. myP (uyp)

mtHfs; mDg;gp itf;fg;gLtjw;F 6 khjq;fSf;F Kd;dH jhd; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs; vkDf;F

nrd;wpUe;jhHfs;> vdpDk; Fiwe;j msNt mtHfspd; gazj;jpw;F ntw;wp fpilj;jJ.

mjd; gpd; jhd; my;yh`;tpd; rpq;fkhd myP (uyp) mtHfs; mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. vkd; Njrj;J kf;fs; myp

(uyp) mtHfis vjpHnfhz;L tuNtw;whHfs;. myP (uyp) mtHfs; md;iwa fhiyj; njhOifia jhNd

Kd;dpd;W elj;jpdhHfs;. mjd; gpd; ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp tphpthdnjhU tpsf;fk; mspj;jhHfs;. mjdhy; ftug;gl;l

me;j `k;jhd; gFjp kf;fs; midtUk; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. gpd; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd;

Page 29: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,Wjp `[;[py; fye;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf myP (uyp) mtHfs; vkd; gpuNjrj;ij tpl;L> kf;fhtpw;F

fpsk;gpdhHfs;. mJNghJ> vkd; Njrk; KOtJk; ,];yhj;ij Vw;wpUe;jhHfs; vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

`p[;hp 9 Mk; Mz;L> [fhj; vd;w Vio thpia ,iwtd; midj;J trjp tha;g;Gs;s K];ypk;fs; kPJ

flikahf;fp itj;j gpd;> mjid t#ypg;gjw;fhf epHthf mikg;G Vw;gLj;jg;gl;L> mjd; epHthfpfs; ehL

KOtJk; [fhj; gzj;ij t#y; nra;J te;jhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,wg;gjw;F Kd;ghfNt vkidg;

gy khtl;lq;fshfg; gphpj;J> xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; xU nghWg;GjhhpAk; epakpf;fg;gl;lhH. KMj; ,g;D [gy; (uyp)

mtHfis ,];yhj;jpd; gpur;rhufuhf mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. ,e;j Neuj;jpy; jhd; rd;M tpy; m];tj; md;]p

vd;gtd; jhDk; ,iwj;J}jH jhd; vd;W jd;idj; jhNd gpufldg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhd;. ,tdJ Muk;g fhyg;

gpur;rhuk; ntF Ntfkhd eilngw;wJ. gdP m]j; kw;Wk; Jiy`h Mfpa Fyj;jtHfs; jq;fsJ Fyj;ijr;

NrHe;j xUtid> jq;fSf;Fhpa ,iwj;J}juhfg; gpufldg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhHfs;. %d;whtjhf Ki]ykh vd;w

ngha;j;J}jd; Njhd;wpdhd;. m];tj; md;]p apd; tsHr;rp ,tDf;F Cf;fj;ijf; nfhLj;jJ. ,td; jd;idg;

ngha;j;J}jdhfg; gpufldg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lNjhly;yhky;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F xU kliyAk; mDg;gp

itj;jhd;. mjpy; :

,iwtdpd; J}jdhd Ki]ykh> ,iwtdpd; J}juhd K`k;kjpw;F vOJk; kly;. cq;fsJ

,iwj;J}Jj;Jtj;jpy; xU gq;fhspahf ehd; epakdk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;Nsd;. ,e;j cyfpd; ghjp ek;ikr; NrHe;jJ>

kPjpg; gq;F Fiw\pfSf;F chpaJ. Mdhy; ,jpy; mjpf chpj;JilatHfs; Fiw\pfNs vd;Wk; mjpy;

Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhd;.

,jw;F gjpyspf;Fk; Kfkhf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; gjpy; fbjk; xd;iw Ki]yhkh vd;w ngha;aDf;F

mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. mjpy; :

mstw;w mUshsDk; epfuw;w md;GilNahDkhfpa my;yh`;tpd; jpUg;ngauhy; Muk;gk; nra;fpd;Nwd;. my;yh`;tpd;

J}juhd K`k;kJtplkpUe;J ngha;adhd Ki]ykhTf;F..> ,iwtidg; Nghw;wpg; Gfo;e;jjd; gpd;> NeHtopiag;

gpd;gw;Wfpd;w midtH kPJk; rhe;jp cz;lhfl;Lkhf..! re;Njfkpy;yhky;> ,e;j cyfKk; mjpy; cs;s midj;Jk;

my;yh`;Tf;Nf chpaJ. ,jpy; mtd; jhd; tpUk;gpatHfSf;F mjpypUe;J jd;Dila mbikfSf;F toq;fp

,Uf;fpd;whd;. ,iwar;rKilatHfSf;Nf ,Wjp ntw;wp cs;sJ.

,e;jg; ngha;aDf;F mwTiufs; %yKk;> gbg;gpidfs; %yKk; mtDila ngha; thjj;ij Kwpabf;f ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfs; Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhz;lhHfs;. Mdhy; ,jdhy; ve;jg; gaDk; tpsiatpy;iy. Ki]ykhNth

jdJ gilfisj; jpul;bf; nfhz;L K];ypk;fis mr;RWj;jTk;> K];ypk;fspd; kPJ NghH njhLf;fTk; Gwg;gl;L

tpl;lhd;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; Neha;tha;g;gl;bUe;j epiyapYk;> Ki]ykhtpDila eltbf;iffis

$He;J ftdpj;J tUkhW jd;Dila gpujpepjpfSf;F ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; fl;lisapl;lhHfs;.

m];tj; md;]p vd;gtid ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; capUld; tho;e;J nfhz;bUe;j fhyj;jpNyNa ntl;bf;

nfhy;yg;gl;L tpl;lhd;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,we;jjd; gpd;G> ,e;jg; ngha;j;J}jHfspd; gpur;rhu Ntfk; fLikahfpaJ. vkd;

KOtJk; fytur; #oy; gutpaJ. vkdpy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfshy; epakpf;fg;gl;l nghWg;Gjhhpfs; J}f;fp

vwpag;gl;L> me;j ,lj;jpw;F fytuf;fhuHfs; te;jkHe;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; kjPdhitAk; ,e;jg; gpur;id tpl;L

itf;ftpy;iy. kjPdhtpy; tho;e;j Fiw\pfs; kw;Wk; gD} jf;fP/g; Fyj;jtHfisj; jtpu kw;w Fyj;jtHfs;

KOikahfNth my;yJ xU gFjpapdNuh ,e;j ngha;j; J}jHfshy; ftug;gl;L> ,];yhj;ij tpl;Lk; ntspNawf;

$ba #o;epiyapy; ,Ue;jdH. ,e;jr; #o;epiyiag; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;l cyf Mirahy; thHf;fg;gl;l

kdpjHfs; gyH> jq;fis ,iwtdJ J}jHfs; vdg; gpufldg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Muk;gpj;J tpl;lhHfs;. ,d;Dk;

xt;nthU Fyj;jtHfSk; jq;fsJ Fyj;jtHfspypUe;J J}jHfs; vdg; gpufldg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;ltHfSf;F tYr;

NrHf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. mtHfis Mjhpj;Jk; Ngr Muk;gpj;J tpl;lhHfs;.

mkpH gpd; J/igy; vd;gtH> gD} MkpH Fyj;ijr; NrHe;jtH ntspg;gilahfNt ,t;thW $w Muk;gpj;jhH. ehd;

mNugpah KOtjw;Fk; jiytuhf Mf tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. vdNt> Fiw\pfisg; gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;w mtrpak;

vdf;fpy;iy vd;W mwptpj;jhH.

gD} m]j; Nfhj;jpuj;jhhpd; ez;gHfshd fj/ghd; Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfs;> ehq;fs; Vd; Fiw\pf; Fyj;jpy; cjpj;j

xUtiu ,iwj;J}juhf Vw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;> vq;fsJ ez;gHfs; ,Uf;f ehq;fs; Vd; Fiw\pf; Fyj;J

Page 30: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,iwj;J}jUf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;? vd;W $w Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; Fiw\pfspd; ,iwj;J}jH

,we;J tpl;lhH> gdP m]j; d; ,iwj;J}jH capUld; cs;shH vd;W ,Wkhg;Gld; $wpdhHfs;.

gy E}w;whz;Lfshf vkd; Njrj;ij murhz;L te;j `pikaiul;]; Fyj;jtHfspd; ,Wjp kd;duhd E/khd; gpd;

Kd;jpH d; Ngudhd mg;Jy; if]; vd;gtDk; jd;id ,iwj;J}juhfg; gpfldg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhd;.

Mz;fs; jhd; vd;wpy;iy> ngz;fs; $l jhq;fSk; ,iwj;J}jHfs; jhd; vdg; gpufldg;gLj;Jk; nray;fSk;

eilngw;wd. r[h vd;w vkd; Njrj;Jg; ngz;kzp jd;idg; ngha;j;J}juhfg; gpufldg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s>

fpwp];jtf; Fykhd gD} jf;yPg; Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfs;> ,e;j ngz; ngha;j;J}jiu Mjhpf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk;

ngha;j;J}jHfs; jq;fSf;Fs;Ns> xUtH kw;wtuJ J}Jj;Jtj;ij ngha; vd gpu];jhgpf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

Jiy`h vd;gtd; njhOifapypUe;J r[;jh it ePf;fp tpl;lhd;> kJghdk; mUe;JtJk;> tpgr;rhuKk; jil

nra;ag;gl;ljy;y vd;W Ki]ykh mwptpj;jNjhL> ngz; J}juhf mwptpj;Jf; nfhz;l r[h itj; jpUkzk; nra;J

nfhz;lNjhL> Ie;J Ntisj; njhOifia %d;W Ntisahf khw;wpdhd;. ePf;fg;gl;l fhiy kw;Wk; ,uTj;

njhOifahdJ> r[htpd; jpUkzf; nfhilfshfTk; vd;Wk; mwptpj;jhd;. ,t;thwhf tpjtpjkhd mwptpg;Gfs;

ntsptuj; Jtq;fpd.

,jpy; Fwpg;gpl;lj;jf;fJk; ehk; ftdpf;fj; jf;fJk; vd;dntd;why;> ahH ahnuy;yhk; ,];yhj;jpd; Muk;gf;

fl;lj;jpy; ,];yhj;ijj; jOtpdhHfNsh> mtHfs; midtUk; cWjpahf ,Ue;j mNj Ntisapy;> rkPf fhyj;jpy;

,];yhj;ij; jOtpNahHfs; jhd; ,t;thwhd ngha;g;gpur;rhuj;jpw;F gypahdhHfs; vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

mtHfsJ vz;zpf;if mjpfkhf ,Ue;j fhuzj;jhy;> kpf vspjhf mtHfshy; Fog;gj;ij cz;L gz;z

Kbe;jJ. Jiy`h vd;gtd; kl;Lk;> mtdJ gpur;rhuj;jpd; fhuzkhf kl;Lk; gD} jha; kw;Wk; m]j;

Fyj;jtHfisNa xd;W jpul;b itj;jpUe;jhd;.

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; fyPgh nghWg;Ngw;Wf; nfhz;lTld;> ,e;j tptfhuj;jpd; jhf;fj;ij czu Muk;gpj;J>

,jid Kwpabf;f jpl;lk; tFj;jhHfs;.

kjPdhtpd; kPjhd jhf;Fjy; Kwpabg;G

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; kjPdhitg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhd eltbf;iffisj; jhNd Kd;dpd;W nra;a Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

myP (uyp)> RigH (uyp)> jy;`h (uyp)> kw;wk; mg;Jy;yh gpd; k];Cj; (uyp) MfpNahHfis efhpd; Kf;fpag;

gFjpfspd; ghJfhg;Gg; nghWg;ig toq;fp> mtHfspd; fz;fhzpg;gpy; tpl;bUe;jhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ> jdJ kf;fis

Nehf;fp mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; efhpd; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; vjphpfspd; eltbf;iffs; Fwpj;J tpsf;fk; nfhLf;f

Muk;gpj;J> kjPdhitg; ghJfhg;gjw;F cz;lhd midj;J eltbf;iffspYk; nghJkf;fs; KO xj;Jiog;Gj;

jUkhW Ntz;bf; nfhz;lNjhL> vjphpfs; ve;j Neuj;jpYk; jhf;f Muk;gpf;fyhk; vdNt> KOj; jahH epiyapy;

,Uf;FkhW Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;. Vnddpy;> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfspd; rkhjhd xg;ge;jj;ij> ,e;j vjphpfs;

cjhrpdk; nra;J tpl;lJk;> ,e;j ghJfhg;G eltbf;ifia Jjhpg;gLj;j Ntz;baJk; mtrpakhapw;W. rkhjhdj;

J}Jf; fkpl;b jpUk;gp te;jjd; gpd; %d;W ehl;fs; fope;jpUe;j epiyapy;> vjphpfs; ,g;nghOJ jq;fsJ

,Ug;gplq;fis tpl;L tpl;L> K];ypk;fisj; jhf;Fk; Nehf;fj;Jld; ntspNa tu Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,tHfs;

midtUk; jP `];]p vd;w ,lj;jpy; FO Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

Vw;fdNt kjPdhtpd; GwefHg; gFjpapy; mikf;fg;gl;bUe;j ghJfhg;Gg; gil> ,e;j vjphpfspd; eltbf;iffs;

Fwpj;J> fyPgh mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSf;F jfty; mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. fyPgh mtHfNsh> jhd; tUk; tiu

me;j ,lj;jpNyNa ,Uf;Fk;gbAk;> jdJ tUiff;fhff; fhj;jpUf;Fk;gbAk; cj;jutpl;lhHfs;. mGgf;fH (uyp)

mtHfSld; te;jpUe;j NjhoHfSk;> ,d;Dk; nghJkf;fSk; ,g;nghOJ jhf;Fk; Nehf;Fld; te;jpUf;Fk; vjphpfs;

kPJ jhf;Fjy; njhLf;f Muk;gpj;jNjhL> mtHfisj; jpUk;gp XlTk; itj;jhHfs;. Mdhy;> ,e;jg; gzp Rygkhd

gzpahf K];ypk;fSf;F ,Uf;ftpy;iy.

Vnddpy;> vjphpfs; nra;j rjpr; nraypd; tpisthf K];ypk;fs; gpd;thq;fTk; Nehpl;lJ. fhw;wilf;fg;gl;l Njhy;

igfis> ghijnaq;Fk; gug;gp itj;jpUe;jjd; fhuzkhf> mjd; Nky; fhy; itj;j xl;lfq;fs;> kpuz;L

kjPdhtpd; gf;fk; jpUk;g Muk;gpj;jd. K];ypk;fspd; gilfs; ,t;thW jpUk;gp Xl Muk;gpj;jJ vjphpfSf;F kpfTk;

kd Cf;fj;ij mspj;jNjhL> NkYk; gilfis K];ypk;fis vjpHj;Jf; Ftpf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

epiyikapd; tpghPjj;ij czHe;j fyP/gh mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;> md;iwa jpdNk Gjpa cj;Ntfj;Jldhd

jhf;Fjy; xd;iwj; njhLf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,uNthbuthf vjphpfspd; kPJ jhf;Fjy; njhLf;f Muk;gpj;j

Page 31: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

mtHfs;> md;iwa kjpa Ntisf;F Kd;ghfNt vjphpfisj; Jtk;rk; nra;J> mtHfisj; Njhw;fbj;jNjhL> jP

`];]pia jdJ fl;Lg;ghl;bd; fPo; nfhz;L te;J tpl;lhHfs;.

,e;j eltbf;ifapd; fhuzkhf> Jiy`h vd;w ngha;j; J}jdpd; jsgjpahf ,Ue;jtDk;> Mjuthsdhf

,Ue;jtDkhd `g;gy; vd;gtdpd; jiy Jz;bf;fg;gl;lJ. kjPdhtpd; ghJfhg;Gg; nghWg;ig E/khd; gpd; kf;uhd;

(uyp) vd;gtuJ jiyikapy; mike;j rpW gilapd; nghWg;gpy; tpl;L tpl;L> jg;gpj;J XbatHfis Jy; f];]h

tiuf;Fk; tpul;br; nrd;whHfs; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;.

K];ypk;fspd; ,e;j ntw;wp vjphpfSf;F vhpr;riyf; nfhLf;f Muk;gpj;jJ. jq;fsJ Fyj;jtHfspy; ahH

ahnuy;yhk; ,];yhj;jpd; MjuthsHfshf ,Uf;fpd;whHfNsh> mtHfis Nehtpid nra;a Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

K];ypk;fspd; mq;fq;fs; rpijf;fg;gl;ld> mtHfspy; rpyiu vhpf;fTk; nra;jhHfs; vjphpfs;. ,e;j nfhLikahd

nra;jpfs; muGyf nkq;Fk; gut Muk;gpj;jTld;> ,J khjphpahd nfhLikfis K];ypk;fspd; kPJ midj;J

vjphpfSk; Ghpaj; jiyg;gl;lhHfs;.

K];ypk;fspd; kPJ Ghpag;gLfpd;w ,e;j mlf;F KiwfisAk;> rpj;jutijfisAk; gw;wpf; Nfs;tpg;gl;l mGgf;fH

(uyp) mtHfs;> vjphpfSf;Fr; rhpahd ghlj;ijf; fw;gpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W KbntLj;jhHfs;. Jy; f];]h tpy;

fpilj;j ntw;wpapd; fhuzkhf> K];ypk;fspd; ,iwek;gpf;ifapd; Ntfk; mjpfhpj;jpUe;jJ. kdjstpy; mtHfs;

kpfTk; gyk; kpf;ftHfshfTk;> jd;dk;gpf;ifiaAk; ngw;wpUe;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; rpy K];ypk;fs;> jq;fsJ

gFjpapypUe;J [fhj; gzj;ijf; $l> jiyefUf;F mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;.

Fwpg;gpl;Lr; nrhy;y Ntz;Lk; vd;why;> c]hkh (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikapy; mDg;gp itj;jpUe;j gilfs; tUk;

tiu jiyefiug; ghJfhg;gjw;Fz;lhd midj;J Vw;ghLfisAk; fyPgh mtHfs; nra;J itj;jpUe;jhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ> c]hkh (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikapy; mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;bUe;j gil te;jTld;> mtHfspd;

nghWg;gpy; kjPdh efhpd; ghJfhg;ig toq;fp tpl;L> me;jg; gilg;gphpT kjPdhitg; ghJfhg;gNjhL> rw;W

Xa;ntLj;Jf; nfhs;sl;Lk; vd;W fyPgh mtHfs; KbntLj;J> mjd; gbNa nra;jhHfs;.

gpd;G> kw;w K];ypk;fis xd;W jpul;bf; nfhz;L> jd;Dila jiyikapd; fPo; xU giliaj; jahH nra;J>

Gwg;gl Maj;jkhdhHfs;. Mdhy;> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ nrhe;j jiyikapd; fPo; kjPdhit tpl;Lk; gilfs;

Gwg;gLtij> rpy NjhoHfs; kWghPrPyid nra;Ak;gb fyPghit Ntz;bf; nfhz;lhHfs;. mjhtJ> fyPghTf;F

Neuf; $ba rpW fhak; $l> kjPdhtpd; epHthf ,ae;jpuj;ij gykpof;fr; nra;J tpLk;> ,d;Dk; Njitapy;yhj

Fog;gq;fs; guTtjw;Ff; fhuzkhfp tpLk; vd;W mtHfs; vjpHghHj;jNj> ,jd; fhuzkhFk;. gilapd; jsgjpg;

nghWg;ig ahuhtJ xUtuJ jiyikapd; fPo; tpLtJ> mtH ,we;J tpl;lhy; ,d;ndhUtiu epakpj;Jf; nfhs;tJ

vd;w mbg;gilapy;> gilapd; jiyikg; nghWg;gpy; ,Ue;J mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; tpyfp> Nkw;gb nray;Kiwj;

jpl;lj;jpd; gb> gilia efHj;JtJ vd;W MNyhrid $wg;gl;lJ. Mdhy;> ,jw;Fr; rk;kjpf;f kWj;J tpl;l

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;> jdJ jiyikapd; fPo; gilia efHj;JtJ vd;W ,Wjpahf KbntLj;J> mjd;gbNa>

gilf;Fj; jiyikg; nghWg;ig Vw;W gilia efHj;j Muk;gpj;jhHfs; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;. gil ,g;nghOJ

Jy;f];]h topahf> ug;jh vd;w gFjpapy; cs;s mg;uf; vd;w ,lj;ij mile;jJ. vjphpfs; kPJ jhf;Fjy;

njhLf;fg;gl;lJ> vjphpfs; epH%ykhf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. mg;uf; ,g;nghOJ> K];ypk; gilfspy; cs;s FjpiufSf;Fhpa

jPtdj;ij cw;gj;jp nra;af; $ba Gy;ntspahf khw;Wk;gb> fyPgh mtHfs; cj;jutpl;lhHfs;.

ngha;j; J}jHfs; nfhy;yg;gLjy;

,g;nghOJ c]hkh (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikapy; nrd;w gil kjPdhtpy; ,Ue;J epiwthf Xa;ntLj;jpUe;jJ>

ehl;bd; gy ghfq;fspy; ,Ue;Jk; Njitahd msTf;F [fhj; - ypUe;J epjpAk; te;J NrHe;jpUe;jJ. ,g;nghOJ

mg;uf; fpy; jq;fpf; nfhz;L> ngha;j; J}jHfspd; ml;lfhrq;fis mlf;Ftjw;Fz;lhd jahhpg;Gfisr; nra;a

Muk;gpj;jhHfs; fyPgh mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;. ngha;j; J}jHfspd; nfhl;lq;fis mlf;Ftjw;nfd;Nw> gjpndhU

gilg; gphpTfis cUthf;fp> ehl;bd; gy ghfq;fSf;F me;jg; gilfis mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; mDg;gp itf;f

Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

,d;iwf;F ,Ug;gJ Nghy md;iwa ehl;fspy; $ypf;F Ms; mkHj;jpg; NghuhLk; gilg; gphpTfs; ,Uf;ftpy;iy.

K];ypk;fspy; xt;nthUtUk; my;yh`;tpd; khHf;fk; NkNyhq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w xNu vz;zj;Jld;> jq;fsJ capH>

nghUs;> clikfis mw;gzpf;f Kd; te;jNjhL> mjw;fhd $ypia my;yh`;tplk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;

vz;zj;Jld; kl;LNk NghHf; fsj;jpw;Fs; Eioaf; $batHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;.

Page 32: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ fhyj;jpYk; rhp> mtHfSf;Fg; gpd; te;j mGgf;fH (uyp) Nghd;w fyPghf;fspd;

fhyj;jpYk; rhp> K];ypk;fisf; nfhz;l gil cUthf;fg;gl;L> mjw;F xU jiyikiaAk; epakpj;jNjhL> me;j

xU jiyikapd; fPo; gy Fyj;ijr; NrHe;j K];ypk;fisf; nfhz;L gilia xUq;fpizj;J> me;j xt;nthU

gphptpd; jiyikapd; iffspYk; mtHfspd; nfhbiaAk; toq;fp> NghUf;F mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. me;jf;

nfhbia Ve;jp ,Ug;gtH vq;Nf nry;fpd;whNuh> mtiug; gpd;gw;wpr; nry;y Ntz;baJ me;je;jf; nfhbf;Fhpa

Fyj;jtHfspd; flikahfTk;> ,d;Dk; mtH gil elj;jpr; nrd;why; mtUf;Fg; gpd;dhy; jq;fsJ ,sty;fis

mDg;gp mtUld; NrHe;J nfhs;sr; nra;tJk; me;je;jf; Fyj;jtHfspd; nghWg;ghfTk; ,Ue;jJ. xt;nthU gil

tPuUk; jdJ nrhe;jr; nrytpy; NghHf; fUtpfisAk;> thfdq;fisAk; thq;fp NghUf;Fj; jahuhf

Ntz;batuhthH> ,d;Dk; mjw;F trjpaw;wtHfSf;F epjpf; fUT+yfj;jpypUe;J cjtpAk; nra;ag;gLk;. ,e;j

topKiw ed;whf me;jf; fhyj;jpy; Ntiy nra;jNjhL> xt;nthUtUk; jq;fsJ nrhe;j cgNahfj;jpw;nfd;Nw

MAjq;fisg; ngw;wpUe;jJk;> mtHfs; NghUf;Fj; jahuhFk; gzpia kpfTk; vspjhf;fpaJ.

NkNy ehk; tpthpj;j tz;zk;> Jy; f];]htpy; ,Ue;J nfhz;L mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; gjpndhU gilg;

gphpTfisj; jahhpj;jNjhL> mjw;F gjpndhU jiyikiaAk; epakpj;jNjhL> ve;jj; jiyikAld; ve;jf;

Fyj;jtHfs; ,ize;J nfhs;tJ vd;w jpl;lj;ijAk; mwptpj;jhHfs;. xt;nthU jiyikAk;> mtutHf;nfd;w

jdpg;gl;l cj;juTfis fyPghtplk; ,Ue;J ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,jw;F Kd; re;jpj;j vjphpfSf;Fk;>

,g;nghOJ re;jpf;fg; NghFk; vjphpfSf;Fk; kpfTk; tpj;jpahrkpUe;jJ> vdNt> mjidf; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L

vt;thW jhf;Fjy; njhLg;gJ> Nghiu Muk;gpg;gJ vd;gd Nghd;w mwpTiufisj; jdJ jsgjpfSf;F toq;fp>

mtHfis mDg;gp itf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

,e;j mbg;gilapy;> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs; Jiy`h vd;gtDf;F vjpuhfTk;> ,f;hpkh (uyp) mtHfs;

Ki]ykhTf;F vjpuhfTk;> RigH (uyp) mtHfs; m];tj; md;]pf;F vjpuhfTk; mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;l Kf;fpaj;

NjhoHfs; MthHfs;.

,d;Dk; nghJthd rpy cj;juTfis midj;J jsgjpfSf;Fk; fyPgh mtHfs; toq;fpdhHfs;. ,e;j

cj;juTfspy; vjphpfis vjpHj;Jg; NghH njhLg;gjw;F Kjyhf> mtHfsplk; ,];yhj;jpid Vw;Wf;

nfhs;Sk;gbAk;> ,];yhj;jpw;F vjpuhd midj;J elbtf;iffisAk; iftpLk;gbAk; tpz;zg;gpj;Jf; nfhs;tJ.

,d;Dk; rkhjhd xg;ge;jq;fisr; nra;tjw;F Kd; tUk;gl;rj;jpy;> NghH eltbf;iffisf; iftpLtJ Nghd;w

KiwfSf;F Kjypy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk;> ,tw;wpy; vJTNk mtHfshy; Vw;Wf;

nfhs;sg;glhj gl;rj;jpy;> ,Wjp eltbf;ifahf Nghiuj; Jtq;Fk;gbAk; fyPgh mtHfs; midj;Jj;

jsgjpfSf;Fk; nghJthd cj;juT xd;iw gpwg;gpj;J> mtHfis mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;.

fyPgh mtHfshy; cUthf;fp toq;fg;gl;l gpukhzq;fis> xUtH Kjypy; nrd;W vjphpfsplk; thrpj;Jf; fhl;LtJ>

mjw;fhf mq;F mjhd; nrhy;yg;gl;L kf;fis xd;W jpul;LtJ. ,t;thW xd;W jpul;lg;gl;l kf;fsplk; fyPghtpd;

gpukhzq;fis thrpj;Jf; fhl;LtJ> ,jidr; nrtpAw;W tpl;l gpd; vtH> mjid Vw;fhJ mq;fpUe;J jpUk;gpr;

nrd;W tpLfpd;whNuh mtiu ,];yhj;jpd; vjphpahff; fzpg;gpLtJ> mtHfis xLf;FtJ vd;gJ jhd;

K];ypk;fspd; jpl;lkhf ,Ue;jJ. ,Jty;yhky;> ,d;Dk; rpy fl;lisfisAk; xt;nthU jsgjpfSf;Fk;>

mtutH nry;yf; $ba gFjpfSf;F Vw;wthW cj;juTfSk; toq;fg;gl;ld.

,e;j tphpthd mbg;gilapy; gjpndhU gilg;gphpTfSk; mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;ld. ,e;j gjpndhU gilg;gphpTfspd;

gzpfs; gw;wp ehk; ,q;F Nehf;FtJ> kpFe;j rpukkhd xd;W vd;gjhy;> Fwpg;gpl;l rpy gilg;gphpTfspd; gzpfs;

Fwpj;J ehk; ,q;F rpwpJ Nehf;FNthk;.

gdP jaP

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs; ,e;j gdP jaP vd;w Fyj;ij vjpHg;gjw;fhf mDg;gp itf;fg;llhHfs;> ,e;jf;

Fyj;jtHfs; Jiy`h vd;w ngha;aDf;F Mjutspj;J te;jhHfs;. fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfis mDg;gp

itf;fg;gLtjw;F Kd;gjhf> mjp gpd; fhjpk; (uyp) mtHfis mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; ,e;jf; Nfhj;jpuj;jtHfsplk;

mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;.

K];ypk;fspd; midj;Jj; jahhpg;Gg; gw;wpAk; mtHfsplk; tpsf;fpf; $WtJ> mjd; %yk; Vw;glf; $ba ghuJ}ukhd

tpisTfs; Fwpj;J vr;rhpf;if nra;tJ> MfpaitNa mjP gpd; fhjpk; (uyp) mtHfSf;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gl;l gzpahf

,Ue;jJ.

Page 33: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,g;nghOJ> ,];yhj;jpd; J}ij Ve;jpf; nfhz;L mjP (uyp) mtHfs; gdP jaP Fyj;jtHfis Nehf;fpr;

nrd;whHfs;.

gdP jaP Fyj;jtHfNs..!

K];ypk;fsplk; NkhJtJ Fwpj;J ePq;fs; rw;Wr; rpe;jpf;f Ntz;Lk;> mt;thW ePq;fs; NkhJtnjd;W KbntLj;jhy;>

mij tplg; ghuJ}ukhd tpisnthd;iw ePq;fs; ,dpr; re;jpf;fg; NghtJkpy;iy vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

mjP (uyp) mtHfspd; Kjy; Kaw;rp rw;Wj; Njhy;tpiaj; jOtp ,Ue;jhYk;> kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; mtH nra;j Kaw;rp

ey;y gyidj; je;jJ. ,g;nghOJ> ,];yhj;jpd; ghy; jq;fis kPz;Lk; ,izj;Jf; nfhs;sr; rk;kjpj;j

mtHfs;>

‘ehq;fs; ,];yhj;jpw;Fs; te;J tpl;Nlhk; vd;gij Jiy`h mwpe;J nfhz;lhy;> vq;fisAk; vq;fsJ kidtp

kf;fisAk; njhe;juT nra;a Muk;gpj;J tpLthd;. vdNt> vq;fsJ kidtp kf;fis ghJfhg;ghf mtdplk;

,Ue;J kPl;Lf; nfhs;tjw;F rw;W vq;fSf;F mtfhrk; mspf;f Ntz;Lk;’ vd;W mtHfs; Ntz;bf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

,tHfsJ ,e;j Ntz;LNfhis mjP (uyp) mtHfs; jsgjp fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfsplk; njhptpf;fNt>

mtUk; mjw;Fr; rk;kjpj;J %d;W ehl;fs; mtfhrj;ij toq;fp tpLfpd;whHfs;. gdP jaP Fyj;jtHfs;>

thf;fspj;jJ Nghy jq;fsJ FLk;gj;jtHfisg; ghJfhg;ghd ,lj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;L nrd;wjd; gpd;G> jq;fis

kPz;Lk; ,];yhj;jpw;Fs; ,izj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,uj;jk; vJTk; rpe;jhky;> ,g;nghOJ K];ypk;fs; gdP jaP

Fyj;jtHfSf;F vjpuhd NghH eltbf;ifapy; ntw;wp ngw;whHfs;.

,g;nghOJ> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ gilia gdP [jPyh vd;w Fyj;ij Nehf;fpj; jpUg;gpdhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ fhyPj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfsJ gilapy;> Mapuk; gdP jaP Fyj;ijr; NrHe;j Fjpiu tPuHfs; ,lk;

ngw;wpUe;jhHfs;. gilnaLg;Gf;F Kd;G> ,tHfsplKk; gdP jaP Fyj;jtHfsplk; Ngrpg; ghHj;jJ Nghd;W Ngrpg;

ghHj;J tpLtJ vd;Wk;> xU gwitapd; ,uz;L ,wf;iffs; Nghd;wtHfs;> gdP jaP Fyj;jtHfSk;> gdP [jPyh

Fyj;jtHfSk; vd;W fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfSf;F tpsf;fk; nfhLj;j mjP (uyp) mtHfs;> rkhjhdj; J}J

nrd;whHfs;. gdP jaP iag; NghyNt> gdP [jPyh Fyj;jtHfSk; jq;fis ,];yhj;jpw;Fs; kPz;Lk; ,izj;Jf;

nfhz;lhHfs;.

Jiy`h vd;w ngha;aDf;F vjpuhfj; Jtf;fg;gl;l ,e;jg; Nghhpy;> mjP gpd; fhjpk; (uyp) mtHfspd;

rhJHaj;jhy;> kpfg; nghpa ntw;wpia fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs; ngw;whHfs;. ,e;j ntw;wpia mLj;J>

Jiy`h jdJ ,Ug;gplj;ij tpl;L tpl;L> rphpahit Nehf;fp Xb tpl;lhd;. gpd; mq;fpUe;jgb> ,];yhj;ij

Vw;Wf; nfhz;L tpl;lhH.

xU Kiw Jiy`h kf;fhtpw;F `[; nra;Ak; epkpj;jk; te;j nghOJ> xUtH mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsplk;

Jiy`h te;jpUg;gjhff; $wpa nghOJ> ,g;nghOJ Jiy`h xU K];ypk;> mtuJ eltbf;if gw;wp ve;j tpj

Nfs;tpAk; fpilahJ’ vd;W gjpy; $wp tpl;lhHfs;. ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; fhyj;jpy;> ckH (uyp) mtHfsplk; te;J

igmj; nra;J nfhz;lhH Jiy`h mtHfs;.

Ki]ykh vd;w ngha;ad;

ngha;j;J}jHfis Kwpabg;gjw;fhf Gwg;gl;l ,];yhkpag; gilfs; kpfTk; fLikahdnjhU Nghuhl;lj;jpw;F Kfk;

nfhLf;f Ntz;bajpUe;jJ. ve;jg; NghUk; kpfTk; vspjhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. mjpYk; gD} `dP/gh Nfhj;jpuj;ijr;

NrHe;jtDk;> e[;Jg; gpuNjrj;jpd; akhkhg; gFjpapd; Ki]ykh tpid vjpHj;J K];ypk;fs; njhLj;j NghuhdJ

kw;w NghHfis tplTk; kpff; fLikahd Nghuhf ,Ue;jJ. K];ypk;fs; fLikahd Kiwapy;

miof;fopf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. mtd;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSila J}Jj;Jtj;jpy; jdf;Fk; gq;F ,Ug;gjhf

thjpl;lhd;.

akhkhg; gFjp kf;fSf;F ,];yhj;jpd; J}ij njspthf vLj;Jiuf;f vLf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfisAk; ,e;j

Ki]ykh jdJ thjj;jpwikapdhy; Kwpabj;jhd;. NkYk;> njhOifff;fhf miof;fg;gLk; mjhdpYk; ,td;

khw;wk; nra;jhd;. ,d;Dk; kJghdj;ijAk;> tpgr;rhuj;ijAk; MFkhditfshf mwptpj;jhd;. ,jd; fhuzkhf>

ftug;gl;l kf;fs;> ,e;j topNflidg; gpd;gw;w Muk;gpj;jhHfs;> ,d;Dk; ,t;thW gpd;gw;WgtHfspd; vz;zpf;if

ehSf;F ehs; tsHe;J nfhz;Nl nrd;wJ. me;jg; gFjpnaq;Fk; ,tidg; gpugyg;gLj;jpaJ. ,d;Dk; ,td;

ngz; J}Jtuhfj; jd;idg; gpufldg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;l r[hit kze;J nfhz;l gpd;> jd;Dila J}Jj;Jtk;

Kd;idf; fhl;bYk; tYtile;jpUg;gjhfTk; ,td; $w Muk;gpj;J tpl;lhd;.

Page 34: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

vdNt> Kjypy; mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;l miog;Gf;F ve;jtpj gyDk; ,y;yhj fhuzj;jhy;> ,g;nghOJ Nghiuj;

Jtf;f Ntz;ba fl;lhak; K];ypk;fSf;F Vw;gl;lJ. vdNt> ,tid vjpHj;Jg; NghH Ghpa Kjypy; ,f;hpkh (uyp)

mtHfisAk;> mtHfis mLj;J \{u`;gpy; gpd; `];dh (uyp) mtHfsJ jiyikapYk; gilfs; mDg;gg;gl;ld.

Mdhy;> ,e;j ,U gilfisAk; Ki]ykh Njhw;fbj;jhd;.

,g;nghOJ> fyPgh mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfsJ jiyikapy; xU giliaj; jahH

nra;J> Ki]ykhit vjpHj;Jg; NghH Ghpa mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs;> rw;W Kd;

jhd; Jiy`h vd;w ngha;aidj; Njhw;fbj;J te;jpUe;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; jhgpj; gpd; if]; (uyp) mtHfsJ

jiyikapy; md;]hHfisAk;> i]j; gpd; fj;jhg; (uyp) mtHfsJ jiyikapy; K`h[pHfisAk; fhypj; gpd;

tyPj; (uyp) mtHfsJ gilfSld; NrHe;J nfhs;Sk;gb fyPgh mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;.

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs; gil elj;jp tUfpd;whHfs; vd;gjidf; Nfs;tpg;gl;l Ki]ykh jdJ

gilfis NkYk; mjpfhpj;jNjhL> ,g;nghOJ 40 Mapuk; gil tPuHfSld; K];ypk;fis vjpHg;gjw;fhfj; jdJ

giliaj; jahuhf;fp> me;jg; gilfis mf;ugh vd;w ,lj;jpy; epiynfhs;s itj;jhd;.

,g;nghOJ> ,uz;L gilfSk; NeUf;F NeH NkhJtjw;fhfj; jahuhfp tpl;ld. ,g;nghOJ Ki]ykhtpd;

gilg;gphptpy; ,Ue;j e`hH vd;gtd; Kd; te;J> jd;id vjpHf;Fk; JzpT K];ypk;fspy; vtUf;Fk; cz;lh?

vd;W fH[pj;J epd;whd;.

mtdJ rthiy ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; jk;gpahd i]j; gpd; fj;jhg; (uyp) mtHfs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;L mtDld;

NkhjpdhHfs;. xNu ths; tPr;rpy; mtdJ jiyiaj; jiuapy; cUl;b tpl;lhHfs; i]j; gpd; fj;jhg; (uyp)

mtHfs;. ,e;j NeUf;F NeH Aj;jk; Kbe;jTld;> Aj;jk; Muk;gkhfpaJ.

Muk;gj;jpy;> Ki]ykhtpd; gilfis vjpHf;f ,ayhj K];ypk;fs; gpd;thq;fpdhHfs;> ,d;Dk; rpwpJ Neuq;

fopj;J K];ypk;fs; fiye;J XlTk; Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,jidg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;l Ki]ykh> fhypj; gpd;

tyPj; (uyp) mtHfsJ $lhuk; tiuf;Fk; K];ypk; gilfis Juj;jpf; nfhz;L te;J tpl;lhd;. Vd;...?! fhypj;

gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs; $l gpd;thq;f Ntz;ba epHg;ge;jj;jpw;Fs;shdhHfs;.

mg;nghOJ> $lhuj;jpy; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) ,y;iy> mtHfsJ kidtp ck;K jkPk; (uyp) mtHfs; kl;Lk;

jhd; ,Ue;jhHfs;. mq;Nf fhtYf;F K[hM vd;w ifjp epd;W nfhz;bUe;jhH.

,e;j epiyapy;> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfspd; kidtpahd ck;K jkPk; (uyp) mtHfisf; nfhiy nra;Ak;

Nehf;fj;Jld; Ki]ykhtpd; Ml;fs; $lhuj;jpy; Eioe;jhHfs;. ,jidf; fz;l> ifjp K[hM mtHfisj;

jLj;jp epWj;jpaNjhL>

me;jg; ngz;kzpNah Rje;jpukhd ngz;..!

NghAk; NghAk; xU ngz;izah ePq;fs; nfhy;yg; Nghfpd;wPHfs;..!

mNjh.. ghUq;fs;. mtHfsJ Mz;fs; epw;fpd;whHfs;..! mtHfis vjpHj;Jg; NghhpLq;fs;..! vd;wJld;> ck;K

jkPk; (uyp) mtHfis tpl;L tpl;L> Ki]ykhtpd; Ml;fs; me;jf; $lhuj;ij tpl;Lk; mfd;W tpLfpd;whHfs;. me;j

,lj;ij tpl;Lk; mfYk; nghOJ> $lhj;ijg; gpizj;jpUe;j fapWfis ntl;b> mWj;njwpe;J tpl;Lr;

nry;fpd;whHfs;.

(K]hM mtHfs; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfshy; rpiw gpbf;fg;gl;l ifjpahf ,Ug;gpDk;> me;jf; $lhuj;ij

tpl;L tpl;L fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs; fpsk;Gk; nghOJ> mjd; ghJfhg;Gg; nghWg;ig K[hM tplk; fhypj;

gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs; xg;gilj;J tpl;Lr; nrd;whHfs;. fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfspd; elj;ij

fhuzkhfTk;> K[hM itf; nfsutkhf elj;jpajd; fhuzkhfTk; ftug;gl;l K[hM mjw;Fg; gpujaPlhf> fhypj;

gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfspd; kidtpiaf; fhg;ghw;w kpfTk; rhJHakhd Kiwapy; Ki]ykhtpd; Ml;fisr;

rkhspj;J> mjd; %yk; ck;K jkPk; (uyp) mtHfisf; fhg;ghw;wpdhH vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ).

mirf;f Kbahj ,];yhj;jpd; ,iwek;gpf;ifahdJ> rw;W Neuj;jpy; Njhw;W tpl;Nlhk; ek;khy; Ki]ykhit

vjpHj;J epw;f KbahJ vd;W rpjwp Xba K];ypk;fis> vtH mire;jhYk;> mirahj cs;sj;Jf;Fr;

nrhe;jf;fhuuhd jiyikj; jsgjp> epiyikapd; tpghPjj;jpidg; Ghpe;J nfhz;L fd Neuj;jpy;> kPz;Lk;

Rjhhpj;Jf; nfhz;L> rpjwp Xba K];ypk;fis kPz;Lk; xUq;fpizj;J> mtHfis fsj;jpy; epw;f itj;Jg; Nghuhl

itj;j epfo;thdJ> ,d;Wk; tuyhw;Wg; gf;fq;fspy; rhjidahfg; gjpT nra;ag;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ.

Page 35: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

xUtH gpd; xUtuhf jhq;fs; te;j Nehf;fk; epiwNtw xUtH gpd; xUtuhf> jq;fis mw;gzpj;Jf;

nfhz;bUe;jhHfs; K];ypk; tPuHfs;.

Xbf; nfhz;bUe;j NjhoHfisg; ghHj;J jhgpj; gpd; if]; (uyp) mtHfs; $tpdhHfs;..!

vd;dUikj; NjhoHfNs..!

,d;W ePq;fs; kpf NkhrkhdnjhU gof;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L tpl;BHfNs..!

ah my;yh`;..!

,e;j akhkh kf;fs; tzq;Fgtw;iw tpl;Lk;> (Xbf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfNs) ,e;j K];ypk;fspd; nray;fis

tpl;Lk; ehd; xJq;fpf; nfhz;Nld;.

,Njh ..! ,q;Nf ghUq;fs;.. NjhoHfNs..!

,t;thW jhd; jhf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W $wpf; nfhz;Nl vjphpia Nehf;fp tpiue;jhHfs; jhgpj; gpd; if]; (uyp)

mtHfs;. vjphpfspy; xUtidj; jhgpj; if]; (uyp) mtHfs; jhf;fpa nghOJ> mtd; nfhLj;j vjpHj; jhf;Fjypd;

fhuzkhf> jhgpj; gpd; if]; (uyp) mtHfs; njhil Jz;bf;fg;gl;lJ. kpfTk; Jzpr;ryhdnjhU K];ypk; tPuH

xUtH> Jz;bf;fg;gl;l njhilia vLj;J vjphpapd; gf;fk; tPrpdhHfs;> me;jj; njhil vtd; kPJ gl;lNjh mtd;

mf;fzNk capiu tpl;lhd;. jhgpj; gpd; if]; (uyp) mtHfSk;> capHj;jpahf Mfp tpl;lhHfs;.

,Ug;gpDk;> K];ypk;fs; ,d;Dk; jq;fsJ $lhj;ij tpl;Lk; ntF J}uk; tpul;lg;gl;l epiyapy; ,Ue;jhHfs;. ,e;j

epiyapy; K];ypk;fisg; ghHj;J> i]j; gpd; fj;jhg; (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;..!

(Xbf; nfhz;bUe;j K];ypk;fisj; jLj;j epWj;jpa) mtH $wpdhH> ,e;jf; $lhuk; fhypahdjd; gpd; ePq;fs;

vq;F jhd; Nghf KbAk;?

,iwtd; kPJ rj;jpakhf..!

vjphpiaj; Juj;jp mbj;J ntw;wp thif #Lk; tiuapYk;> my;yJ ,iwtdplk; vd;id xg;gilf;Fk; tiuapYk;>

,jw;F Nky; ehd; xU thHj;ij Ngr khl;Nld;. mjd; fhuzkhf ehd; mtdplk; kd;dpg;igg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s

KbAk;.

,jidf; $wpf; nfhz;Nl vjphpia Nehf;fpg; gha;e;j i]j; gpd; fj;jhg; (uyp) mtHfs;> mtHfsJ ifapy; this

Ve;jpf; nfhz;bUe;j epiyapNyNa ,iwab NrHe;jhHfs;.

mtUf;Fg; gpd; mG+ `{ijgh (uyp) mtHfs;> ,t;thW $wpf; nfhz;Nl vjphpapd; kPJ gha;e;jHfs;.

X..! vd;dUikf; FHMdpa kf;fNs..!

cq;fsJ nray;fspd; %yk; FHMid moFgLj;Jq;fs;..!

,g;nghOJ mG+ `{ijgh (uyp) mtHfSk; nfhy;yg;gl;lhHfs;.

i]j; gpd; fj;jhg; (uyp) mtHfSk; nfhy;yg;gl;l gpd;> guhM gpd; khypf; (uyp) (,tH ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfspd; cjtpahsuhd md]; (uyp) mtHfspd; rNfhjuuthH) mtHfs; Kd; te;jhHfs;. ,thplk; xUtpjkhd

gof;fk; ,Ue;jJ. mjhtJ> NghUf;Ff; fpsk;G Kd; mjd; cj;Ntfj;jhy;> ,tuJ cly; FYq;f Muk;gpj;J

tpLk;> ve;jsTf;nfdpy; gpwH ,tiug; gpbj;J epWj;Jk; msTf;F cly; FYq;f Muk;gpj;J tpLk;. ,g;nghOJ>

K];ypk;fs; Njhy;tpiar; re;jpf;ff; $ba epiyapy; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUg;gij epidj;Jk;> mLj;J ehk; fsj;jpy;

kpfTk; cj;Ntfj;Jld; ,wq;f Ntz;ba #o;epiy te;jpUg;gijapl;Lk;> mtuJ cly; FYq;f Muk;gpj;jJ. me;j

epiyapNyNa> jdJ NjhoHfisg; ghHj;Jf; $tp miof;f Muk;gpj;jhH.

vd;dUik K];ypk;fNs..!

ePq;fs; vq;F nry;fpd;wPHfs;?

,q;Nf ghUq;fs;..!

cq;fsJ rNfhjud; guhM gpd; khypf;..! epd;W nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwd;.

vd;dplk; tpiue;J thUq;fs;..!

guhM gpd; khypf; (uyp) mtHfs; $tpaioj;jjd; jhf;fk;> czHT nfhz;l rpy K];ypk; tPuHfs; guhM it

Page 36: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

Nehf;fp> jq;fsJ mw;gzk; nra;Ak; Nehf;fpy; jpuz;L te;jhHfs;. te;j Ntfj;jpNyNa vjphpAld; fsk; GFe;J

Nghuhl Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

,e;jg; GJtpj jhf;Fjiy vjpHghuhj vjphpfshy;> ,e;jf; FOtpdiuj; jhf;Fg; gpbf;f ,ayhky; gpd;thq;f

Muk;gpj;j vjphpfs;> Ki]ykhtpd; jPtpu Mjuthsdhd K`f;fk; gpd; my; J/igy; vd;gtd; $lhukbj;jpUe;j

,lk; tiu te;J tpl;lhHfs;. gpd;thq;fp Xba vjphpfs; jq;fsJ Ml;fisg; ghHj;jJk; K];ypk;fisj;

jhf;Ftjw;fhfj; jq;fsJ NjhoHfisf; $tp miof;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,e;j epiyapy; mg;JH u`;khd; gpd;

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; va;jnjhU mk;G my; J/igy; d; fOj;jpy; nrhWfpaJ. me;j epiyapNyNa mtd; ,we;J

jiuapy; rhpe;jhd;.

K];ypk;fspd; ,e;j Kd;Ndw;wk; GJtpjj; njk;ig K];ypk;fSf;F mspj;jJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf mtHfs; vjphpfis

`jPfh vd;w ,lk; tiu gpd;thq;fr; nra;jhHfs;. ,e;j ,lj;jpy; Ki]ykh ghJfhg;ghdnjhU Nfhl;ilapy;

Eioe;J nfhz;L> jd;idg; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;s Muk;gpj;jhd;. mtidj; njhlHe;J mtdJ Ml;fSk; me;j

Nfhl;ilf;Fs; Eioe;J nfhz;L> Nfhl;ilf; fjitj; jhopl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ> guhM gpd; khypf; (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ NjhoHfis mioj;J> NjhoHfNs..! ,e;j jhoplg;gl;l

Nfhl;il kjpy;fisAk; jhz;b> Nfhl;ilf;Fs; vd;idj; J}f;fp vwpAq;fs; vd;W Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhH. mq;fpUe;j

NjhoHfs; ,e;j Mgj;jhd nraypy; ,wq;f kdkpy;yhky; epd;W nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. Mdhy;> guhM gpd; khypf;

(uyp) mtHfs; jdJ NjhoHfis tw;GWj;jp> jd;id Nfhl;ilf;Fs; J}f;fp vwpAkhW Ntz;bf; nfhz;lhH.

gpd;> Nfhl;ilr; Rthpd; kPNjwp Nfhl;ilf;Fs; Fjpj;j guhM gpd; khypf; (uyp) mtHfs;> NeNu thapw; fjtUNf

nrd;W thapw; fjit K];ypk;fs; Eiotjw;fhfj; jpwe;J tpl;lhH. Nfhl;ilf; fjT jpwe;jTld;> cs;Ns Eioe;j

K];ypk; tPuHfs; vjphpfisj;jhf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. Mdhy;> vjphpfSk; risf;fhky; Nghhpl;lhHfs;> Ki]ykh

jdJ ,lj;ij tpl;Lk; mfytpy;iy> tpl;Lf; nfhLf;fhJ Nghhpl Muk;gpj;jhd;.

,g;nghOJ> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ Aj;j je;jpuj;ij khw;wp mikf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. xt;nthU

Nfhj;jpuj;jhiuAk; mioj;J> mtutH me;j Nfhj;jpuj;Jj; jiytUf;Ff; fPo; NghhpLkhW> jdJ NjhoHfisf;

Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhH. ,jd; %yk; ahH gytPdkhf ,Uf;fpd;whHfs; vd;gJ njhpe;J tpLk;.

,g;nghOJ> xt;nthU Nfhj;jpuj;jhUk; jq;fsJ jpwikiaAk;> jq;fsJ KOg;gyj;ijAk; gpuNahfpj;Jj; jq;fsJ

mzpf;F nfsutk; NrHf;f Ntz;Lk;> gytPdkhd epiyapy; ehk; ,Ue;J tplf; $lhJ> ekf;F xg;ghf ahUk;

,y;iy ' vd;W nrhy;Yk; msTf;F Nghhpl Ntz;Lk; vd;w cj;Ntfk; gpwf;fNt> Kd;idf;fhl;bYk; midtUk;

kpfTk; cj;Ntfj;Jld; Nghhpl Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

K`h[pHfs; gf;fKk;> md;]hhpfs; gf;fKk; kpfTk; mjpfkhd ,og;Gfs; Vw;gl;ld. ,Ug;gpDk;> ,d;Dk; Ki]ykh

jdJ gpbia rw;Wk; jsHj;jhky; Nghhpl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jhd;. Ki]ykh nfhy;yg;glhjJ tiuf;Fk; ,e;jg; NghH

epw;fhJ vd;gij fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs; czu Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp)

mtHfs; Kd;te;J> jdp egH Aj;jj;jpw;Fj; jahuh? vd;id vjpHf;Fk; rf;jp cq;fspy; vtUf;NfDk; cz;lh?

vd;W $tp miof;f Muk;gpj;jhH. mtuJ miw$tiy Vw;W Kd;te;j gyH mtuJ thSf;F ,iuahfp capiu

kha;j;Jf; nfhz;ldH. ,t;thwhf>Kd;Ndwpf; nfhz;bUe;j fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs;> ,Wjpahf Ki]ykh

,Uf;fpd;w ,lj;jpdUNf te;J tpl;lhH. mtdplk; Ngr;Rf; nfhLj;Jf; nfhz;Nl> mtd; vjpHghuhj tifapy;

mjpubj; jhf;Fjy; xd;iw elj;jpa fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs;> me;j mjpubj; jhf;Fjypd; fhuzkhf

epiyFiye;jhd; Ki]ykh.

gpd; jdJ NjhoHfisg; ghHj;J> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;. NjhoHfNs..! ePq;fs; ijhpaj;ij

,of;f Ntz;lhk;. cWjpahf epd;W ePq;fs; jhf;fpdPHfs; vd;why;> mjidr; rkhspf;Fk; rf;jp mtHfSf;Ff;

fpilahJ> vjphpiar; Rygkhf tPo;j;jp tplyhk; vd;W MHt%l;bdhH.

xU jhf;FjiyNa rkhspf;f Kbahky; epiyFiye;J tpl;lhd;. xU jhf;FjiyNa> jiytuhy; jhf;Fg;gpbf;f

Kbatpy;iyNa vd;W $wpf; nfhz;L> Ki]ykhtpd; Ml;fs; ,g;nghOJ fiye;J Xl Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,e;j

,f;fl;lhd #o;epiyapYk; Ki]ykhtpd; MjuthsHfs; Nfl;lhHfs;>

Ki]ykhNt..

cdf;F mUsg;gl;bUg;gjhf thjpl;lhNa> me;j Ntj thf;FWjpfs; vd;dthapw;W ,g;nghOJ?

Page 37: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

Ki]ykh gjpy; $wpdhd; :

'vjidg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhf ePq;fs; mzp jpuz;bUf;fpd;wPHfNsh> me;j cq;fsJ fz;zpaj;ijg; ghJfhj;Jf;

nfhs;Sq;fs; '.,e;j thHj;ijfis mtd; KOtJkhfr; nrhy;yp Kbj;jpUf;ftpy;iy>

`k;]h (uyp) mtHfisf; nfhd;w mNj t`;]p (uyp) mtHfs;> jhd; ,];yhj;jpw;F Kd;dpUe;j nghOJ `k;]h

(uyp) mtHfisf; nfhd;wjid <L nra;Ak; nghUl;L> jd; ifapypUe;j Nty; fk;ig Ki]ykhit Nehf;fp

tPrpdhH. mjid rkhspf;f ,ayhj Ki]ykh fPNo tPo;e;j nghOJ> md;]hhpfspy; cs;s ,isQnuhUtH>

mtdJ fOj;ij ntl;b rha;j;jhH.

mgPrPdpah mbikahd t`;]p (uyp) mtHfspd; fuq;fshy;> Ki]ykh nfhy;yg;gl;L tpl;lhd; vd;w nra;jp fhl;Lj;

jP Nghy NghHf;fsj;jpy; gut Muk;gpj;jJ. ,e;jr; nra;jpiaf; Nfs;tpg;gl;l Ki]ykhtpd; Ml;fs; ehyh gf;fKk;

rpjwp Xl Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,j;Jld;> K];ypk; gil Ki]ykhtpw;F vjpuhd Nghhpy; kpfg; ngUk; ntw;wpiag;

ngw;wJ.

,e;jg; Nghhpy; 10 Mapuj;jpw;Fk; mjpfkhd vjphpfs; nfhy;yg;gl;lhHfs; vd;W jghp mtHfs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whHfs;.

,jd; fhuzkhf> ,e;jg; gFjpia 'kuzg; G+q;fh ' vd;wiof;fg;gLtJz;L.

,g;nghOJ> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs;> Ki]ykhtpd; cliy K[hM mtHfspd; JizAld; milahsk;

fz;L nfhz;lhHfs;. ,e;jg; Nghhpy; K`h[pHfSk;> md;]hhpfSkhf 300 NgHfSk;> ,d;Dk; mtHfsy;yhj kw;w

gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J te;J fye;J nfhz;l K];ypk;fs; 300 NgHfSk;> capHj;jpahfpfshdhHfs;.

ntw;wpia fyPgh mtHfSf;F mwptpf;F Kfkhf> gD} `dP/gh Nfhj;jpuj;ijr; NrHe;j xUtiuNa jdJ

gpujpepjpahf fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs; mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;.

jd;dplk; te;j gD} `dP/gh Nfhj;jpuj;ijr; NrHe;j me;jg; gpujpepjpaplk;> ghtr;RikfSld; cq;fsJ

Nfhj;jpuj;jhhpd; capHfs; gpLq;fg;gl;lJ Fwpj;J ehd; tUj;jkilfpd;Nwd;> mtHfs; ele;J nfhz;l tpjk; kpfTk;

fPo;j;jukhdJ vd;W mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;.

ePq;fs; Nfs;tpg;gl;lJk;> nrhy;tJk; midj;Jk; cz;ikNa vd;W me;jg; gpujpepjpahdtH> mGgf;fH (uyp)

mtHfsplk; $wpdhH.

Ki]ykhtpDila Nghjidfs; jhd; vd;d? rw;W $Wq;fs; ghHg;Nghk; vd;whHfs;.

,Nj mjDila efy; vd;dplkpUf;fpd;wJ vd;W $wpa mtH fyP/gh mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ Kd;dpiyapy;

mjid thrpj;Jf; fhz;gpf;f Muk;gpj;jhH :

“X.. jtisNa..! ,J NtjkhFk;. Fbg;gtiuj; jLf;fhjPHfs;> jz;zPiu mRj;jkhf;fhjPHfs;. ,e;j cyfj;jpd;

ghjp ekf;FhpaJ> kw;w ghjp Fiw\pfSf;FhpaJ. Mdhy; Fiw\pfs; kpfTk; nfh^ukhdtHfs;''.,jidf; Nfl;l mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; ,iwtidg; Gfo;e;jtHfshf> cq;fs; ,uf;fg;gLtijj; jtpu NtW

topapy;iy vd;W $wpa mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;> ,J jhd; cq;fsJ Ntj trdq;fsh? ,jpy; ve;j nja;tPfj;

jd;ikAk; ,y;iyNa..! ,t;thwpUf;Fk; nghOJ> vJ jhd; rj;jpaj;jpypUe;J cq;fisg; ghij khw;wpr; nrd;wJ?

jghp> 3k; ghfk;> gf;.254.

RUq;fr; nrhd;dhy;> ngha;j;J}jHfSf;F vjpuhf vLf;fg;gl;l eltbf;iffspy; mq;Fk; ,q;Fkhf rpy

epfo;Tfspy; K];ypk;fs; ijhpak; ,oe;J gpd;thq;fpdhYk;> mj;jifa re;jHg;gq;fis mLj;J kPz;Lk; mtHfs;

Rjhhpj;Jf; nfhz;L Nghhpl;lhHfs;> ngha;j;J}jHfis NtuWj;jhHfs;. `p[;hp 11 Mk; Mz;by;> ngha;j;J}jHfs;

NtuWf;fg;gl;l nra;jp mLj;jLj;j gFjpfSf;Fk; gut Muk;gpj;jJ> FWfpa 9 khj fhy mtfhrj;jpy;> kjPdh

tpypUe;J g`;iud; tiuf;Fk; kw;Wk; mk;khd; Mfpa gFjpfSk; ,g;nghOJ K];ypk;fspd; KOf; fl;Lg;ghl;bd; fPo;

nfhz;L tug;gl;lJ.

<uhf; kPjhd gilnaLg;G

ngha;j;J}jHfis xU topahf mlf;fp tpl;ljd; gpd;G> ,g;nghOJ fyPgh mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;> <uhf;fpd; jdJ

ftdj;ijj; jpir jpUg;gpdhHfs;. ,];yhj;jpd; Muk;g fhyj;jpy; kpfg; ngUk; vjphpfshf tpsq;fpa ig]he;jpak;

kw;Wk; ngH]pag; gilfs; K];ypk;fspd; Ml;rpg; gpuNjrj;jpw;F mjpfkhd mr;RWj;jy;fisj; je;J nfhz;bUe;jd.

Page 38: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

gy;NtW mur mYty;fSf;F ,ilNaAk; fyPgh mtHfs; vt;tsT J}uk; ,e;j <uhf; tptfhuj;jpd; kPJ kpFe;j

ftdk; nrYj;jp te;jhHfs; vd;gijf; fPo;f;fz;l rk;gtj;jpd; %yk; mwpe;J nfhs;s KbAk;.

xUehs; xU egpj;NjhoH jdJ Fyj;jtHfspy; rpyiug; gw;wpa gpur;idia tpthjpg;gjw;fhf mGgf;fH (uyp)

mtHfsplk; te;jhH. ,e;j tptfhuj;ijf; Nfl;L mjpy; fyPgh mtHfspd; ,Wjp Kbit vjpHghHj;jpUe;j mtiu

Nehf;fp> '',];yhj;ijAk;> mjidg; gpd;gw;wpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;w K];ypk;fisAk; mopj;njhopg;gjw;fhd re;jHg;gj;ij

vjpHNehf;fp ,Uf;Fk;> ,uz;L vjphpfisg; gw;wp ehd; ,q;F rpe;jpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ> ,e;j mw;gg;

gpur;idiaf; nfhz;L te;J> vdJ ftdj;ijj; jpir jpUg;gg; ghHf;fpd;wPHfNs.. ,J epahakh?"" vd;W

$wpdhHfs;.

`p[;hp 6 Mk; Mz;bd; nghOJ ,];yhj;jpid Vw;Wf; nfhs;SkhW gy;NtW ehl;L murHfSf;F miog;G kly;fis

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. mt;thwhdnjhU kliy Ve;jpf; nfhz;L ngH]pahtpd; kd;dH

F\;& gHNt]; mtHfisr; re;jpj;J toq;Ftjw;fhf> mg;Jy;yh gpd; `{ijgh (uyp) vd;w NjhoH nrd;whH.

me;j klypy; ,t;thW vOjg;gl;bUe;jJ :

mstw;w mUshsDk; epfuw;w md;GilNahDkhfpa my;yh`;tpd; jpUg;ngauhy; Muk;gk; nra;fpd;Nwd;. ngH]pahtpd;

kd;duhd fp];uh mtHfSf;F my;yh`;tpd; J}juhd K`k;kj; mtHfs; vOjpf; nfhs;Sk; kly;. my;yh`;itAk;>

mtdJ J}jiuAk; ,d;Dk; NeHtopiag; gpd;gw;wp elg;gtHfSf;F ,iwtDila Mrp cz;lhtjhf! my;yh`;itj;

jtpu tzf;fj;jpw;Fhpa ,iwtd; NtW ahUk; ,y;iy. mtDf;F ,iz Jiz VJk; ,y;iy> K`k;kj;

mj;jifa ,iwtdpd; J}juhfTk;> mbikahfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whH. ehd; my;yh`;tpd; J}Jj;Jtj;ij cq;fSf;F

njhptpj;J (,];yhj;jpd; ghy;) miog;G tpLf;fpd;Nwd;> (,j;jifa gzpf;fhfNt) KO cyf kf;fSf;Fk; J}juhf

my;yh`; vd;id mDg;gp itj;Js;shd;. ,e;jg; G+kpapy; trpg;gtHfspd; cs;sq;fspy; ,iwtdJ mr;rj;ij

Cl;lTk;> epuhfhpg;gpy; tho;fpd;w kf;fSf;F rj;jpaj;ij tpsq;fg;gLj;jTNk vd;id ,iwtd; J}juhf mDg;gp

itj;Js;shd;. (vdNt) ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sq;fs; kw;Wk; mjd; %yk; ePq;fs; rhe;jpiag; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;tPHfs;. mjid epuhfhpg;gPHfs; vd;W nrhd;dhy;> neUg;ig tzq;fpa Fw;wj;jpw;fhf ePq;fs; nghWg;ghspahf

(Fw;wk; Rkj;jg;gl;L Fw;wthspahf kWik ehspy;) Mf;fg;gLtPHfs;"".

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; mDg;gpa ,e;j rj;jpa miog;G kliy ghHj;j khj;jpuj;jpy; mjidf; fpopj;njwpe;j

kd;dH F\;&> akdpd; ftHduhf ,Ue;j gjhd; vd;gtUf;F xU kliy vOjpdhH. mjpy;> `p[h]; f;F ,uz;L

Fjpiu tPuHfis mDg;gp> ,e;jf; fbjj;ij vOjp vdf;F mDg;gp itj;j kdpjiu vd;dplk; mDg;gp itf;Fk;gb

cj;jutpl;bUe;jhH. kd;dH F\;& tpd; fbjj;ijg; ghHj;j akdpd; ftHdH gjhd;> ghG+ah vd;gtiuAk;> ngH\pa

tPudhd fHfuh vd;gtiuAk; mDg;gp> mtHfsplk; xU kliyAk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F mDg;gp

itj;jhH. me;jf; fbjj;jpy; ,e;jf; fbjj;ijf; nfhz;L tUk; J}jHfSld; nrd;W> kd;dH F\;& mtHfisr;

nrd;W re;jpf;Fk;gbf; $wp njhptpj;jpUe;jhH. ,e;jj; J}jHfs; ,UtUk;> jhap/g; efH topahf kjPdhTf;F te;J

nfhz;be;jhHfs;. ,tHfsJ tUifapd; Nehf;fk; KO mNugpahTf;Fk; ,g;nghOJ njspthfj; njhpe;jpUe;jJ.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; Kd; epd;W nfhz;bUe;j ghGah> kd;dHfspd; kd;duhd fp\;uh mtHfs;> cq;fis

kd;duJ r%fj;jpw;F mioj;J tUk;gb akdpd; ftHdUf;F ,l;l cj;jutpd; Nghpy; ehq;fs; ,q;F te;Js;Nshk;

vd;W $wpdhH. me;jf; fbjj;jpy;> Nkd;ikkpF vq;fsJ kd;duJ fl;lisia Vw;W ePq;fs; vdJ

J}JtHfSld; kd;duJ mitf;F tUtPHfs; vd;W nrhd;dhy;> vq;fsJ kd;dH cq;fis muruhf Mf;Ftjw;F

ghpe;Jiuf;f KbAkhf ,Uf;Fk; vd;gij tha;ikAld; njhptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. ,e;j ey;tha;g;ig

gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;stpy;iy vd;why;> akd; Njrj;J ,sturdhd ehd; cq;fisAk;> cq;fsJ ehl;ilAk;

,y;yhkyhf;fp tpLNtd; vd;gjidAk; ePq;fs; mwptPHfs; vd;Wk; me;jf; fbjj;jpy; vr;rhpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. ed;whf

Kfr;rtuk; nra;J> ,d;Dk; kPiria nghpjhf tsHj;jpUe;j me;jj; J}JtHfspd; Nfhhpf;ifia Vw;Wf; nfhs;s

,ayhj epiyapy; mtHfis Nehf;fpg; ghHitia tPrpa ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> ''ehd; cq;fs; kPJ

,uf;fg;gLfpd;Nwd;"" vd;W $wp tpl;L> ahUila cj;jutpd; Nghpy; cq;fsJ Kfq;fs; ,t;thW ntWikahf

cs;sd vd;W Nfl;lhHfs;. ''vq;fsJ ,ul;rfuhd kd;dH fp\;uh"" vd;W mtHfsplk; gjpy; te;jJ. ,g;nghOJ

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> ''kPiria kopj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;> jhbia tsu tpLq;fs;"" vd;W mtHfisg;

ghHj;Jf; $wp tpl;L> ,d;iwa nghOij ,q;NfNa ePq;fs; fopj;J tpl;L> ehis kPz;Lk; te;J vd;idg;

ghUq;fs; vd;W $wp tpl;Lr; nrd;whHfs;.

kWehs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis F\;Utpd; J}JtHfs; re;jpf;f te;j nghOJ> cq;fsJ kd;dhjp kd;dH

mtuJ kfdhy; ,d;d ,utpy; nfhy;yg;gl;L tpl;lhH. nfhiyfhudhd cq;fsJ kd;ddplk; ePq;fs; nrd;W>

Page 39: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

vd;Dila ek;gpf;ifahd ,];yhKk;> vd;Dila mjpfhuKk; tpiutpy; cq;fsJ G+kpiaAk;> cyfj;jpd; filrp

KidiaAk; mJ milAk; vd;W njhptpAq;fs; vd;W $wpdhHfs;. ,d;Dk;> ePq;fs; ,];yhj;ijj; jOtpdPHfs;

vd;W nrhd;dhy;> cq;fsJ Ml;rpg; gpuNjrq;fSf;F cq;fisNa Ml;rpahsHfshf epakpg;Nghk; vd;Wk; mtHfsplk;

njhptpAq;fs;. me;jj; J}JtHfs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis tpl;Lk; gphpe;J nry;Yk; nghOJ> xU ,sturH

xUtH md;gspg;ghf mspj;j jq;fj;jpdhyhd ,Lg;gpy; mzpaf; $ba thHg;gl;il xd;iw mtHfSf;F ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfs; ghprhf mspj;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; ,tHfs; akdpd; ftHdiur; nrd;W re;jpj;j nghOJ> ele;j

mj;jid tpguq;fisAk; njhptpj;jNjhL> ''cz;ikapy; mtH xU ,iwtdJ J}juhfNt ,Uf;ff; $Lk;"" vd;Wk;

njhptpj;jhHfs;. mLj;j rpy ehl;fspy;> kd;dH gLnfhiyf;F Mshd nra;jp akid te;jile;jJ. mj;Jld;>

mNugpahtpd; tptfhuj;jpy; ve;j tpjj;jpYk; jiyaPL nra;a Ntz;lhk; vd;Wk; akdpd; Ml;rpahsUf;F mwpTWj;jYk;

te;jile;jJ. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,wg;nga;tjw;F Kd;dH> gjhd; kw;Wk; akdpy; tho;e;j ngH]paHfs;

midtUk; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;L tpl;;ldH vd;gJk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

ngH]pahtpd; kd;dH F\;U mtHfs; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;ljd; gpd;G> Ml;rp mjpfhuj;ijg; gpbg;gjpy; Nghl;lh

Nghl;b epytpaJ. ,jpy; 12 my;yJ 13 egHfs; Nghl;bapl;ljpy;> mtHfSs; ngz;fSk; ,Ue;jdH. ehnlq;Fk;

murpay; ];jpuj;jd;ik epytpaJ. KjyhtJ fyP/gh mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ fhyj;jpy;> <uhf; gpuNjrj;ij

ngH]pahtpd; ftHdH n`H%]; mtHs; Mz;L nfhz;bUe;jhH. ,tH mNugpa kf;fs; kPJ jPuhj njhy;iyfisf;

nfhLj;Jf; nfhz;LkpUe;jhH. vdNt>muGf;fSk; mtiu ntWj;jdH.

vdNt> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; Ml;rpg; nghWg;gpid Vw;Wf; nfhz;ljd; gpd;G> <uhf; gFjpapy; thOk;

K];ypk;fisg; ghJfhg;gjw;Fz;lhd Vw;ghLfisj; Jtq;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,Ug;gpDk;> ehnlq;Fk;

fpsHe;njOe;jpUe;j ngha;j; J}JtHfis mlf;Ftjw;F mtH Kd;Dhpik nfhLj;jjd; fhuzkhf> <uhf; kPJ

gilnaLg;G elj;Jtjw;Fz;lhd rhj;jpaf; $Wfs; Fiwthf ,Ue;jd.

,e;j epiyapy;> kjdh (uyp) vd;w egpj;NjhoH> ,e;jg; gpur;idf;F Kw;Wg; Gs;sp itg;gjw;fhf Kd;

te;jNjhly;yhky;> jdJ Fyj;jtHfSf;F jd;id mkPuhf epakpf;Fk;gl;rj;jpy;> vy;iyf; Nfhl;Lg; gFjpapy;

,Ue;J tUk; njhy;iyfSf;F vjpuhf jhd; Nghuhlj; jahuhf ,Ug;gjhfTk; fyPgh mtHfsplk; njhptpj;jhH.

kjdh (uyp) mtHfspd; Nfhhpf;ifia Vw;Wf; nfhz;ljd; gpd;G> kjdh (uyp) mtHfs; <uhf; nrd;W NghH

nra;jNjhly;yhky;> ngH]paHfspd; typik Mfpatw;iwf; fzpj;jNjhL> mtHfsJ njhe;juTfis rw;W

kl;Lg;gLj;jpAk; itj;jpUe;jhH.

fhypj; gpd; tyPj;

ngH]pahitf; ifg;gw;wpajpy; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfspd; gq;F kfj;jhdJ. ngha;j;J}jHfs;

Kwpabf;fg;gl;ljd; gpd;G> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; ngH]pahitf; ifg;gw;Wk; nghWg;ig fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp)

mtHfsplk; nfhLj;jNjhL> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikapy; 10 Mapuk; tPuHfisAk;> mjd; gpd;

kjd;dh (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikapy; 8 Mapuk; tPuHfisAk;> Mf nkhj;jk; 18 Mapuk; tPuHfNshL fsk;

,wq;fpdhHfs; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs;. (,e;j tuyhw;iw tphpthf mwpe;J nfhs;s ,izaj;jpy; cs;s

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfsJ tho;f;if tuyhw;iwg; ghHitaplTk;).

rphpah (`p[;hp 13)

,e;j fhy fl;lj;jpy; rphpahthdJ NuhkHfspd; Ml;rpg; gpuNjrj;jpy; ,Ue;J te;jJ. <uhf;fpidg; NghyNt> Nuhkg;

gpuNjrj;jpy; tho;e;J nfhz;bUe;j muGf; Fyj;jtHfSf;Fk; `p[h]py; tho;e;J nfhz;bUe;j muGf;fSf;Fk;

njhlHGfs; gy ,Ue;J te;jd. kjPdhtpw;F K];ypk;fs; `p[;uj; nra;J te;j gpd;G A+jHfspd; vjpHg;Gf;fs;>

K];ypk;fSf;F vjpuhf mjpfkhfpf; nfhz;Nl te;jd. ,e;j vjpHg;Gfs; kjPdhtpd; vy;iy kw;Wk; mjd; Rw;Wg;

Gwq;fspy; tho;e;J te;j Fyj;jtHfisg; ghjpf;f Muk;gpj;jJ> Mq;fhq;Nf rpW rpW gpur;idfs; jiyJ}f;f

Muk;gpj;jpUe;jd.

`p[;hp 8 k; Mz;by; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; NuhkHfSf;F vjpuhf kpfg; nghpa gilnaLg;G xd;iw

vLj;jhHfs;> mjw;F Kmj;jh NghH vd;W tuyhW rpwg;gpj;Jf; $Wfpd;wJ. ,e;jg; Nghhpy; kpfr; rpwpa K];ypk;fspd;

gilahdJ> kpfg; ngUk; gilahd NuhkHfis vjpHj;Jf; fskpwq;fpaJ. NuhkHfspd; gilia `puhf;Fspa];

kd;dNd elj;jp te;jNjhL> mtdJ gilapy; muGf;fSk; ,Ue;jdH vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. ,e;jg; Nghhpy;

[/gH ja;ahH (uyp) kw;Wk; i]j; gpd; `hhpjh (uyp) Mfpa ,UtUk; \`PJ vd;w tPuj;jpahfpfshdhHfs;. `p[;hp

Page 40: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

9 Mk; Mz;L> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jhNd jiyikNaw;W 30 Mapuk; jdJ NjhoHfSld; jG+f; Nehf;fp

gil vLj;Jr; nrd;whHfs;. NuhkHfis vjpHj;Jf; fskpwq;fpa ,e;jg; gilapd; njhlHr;rpahfj; jhd;> mGgf;fH

(uyp) mtHfs; Ml;rpg; nghWg;Ngw;w gpd; c]hkh (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikNaw;f xU gilia> NuhkHfis

vjpHj;Jg; NghhpLk; nghUl;L mDg;gp itj;jhHfs; vd;gJk;> ,e;jg; gilf;Fj; jiytuhf c]hkh (uyp)

mtHfis epakpj;J tpl;ljd; gpd;dhs; jhd; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kuzkile;jhHfs; vd;gijAk; ehk;

mwpNthk;.

Nuhk kw;Wk; ghurPfg; NguuRfs; ,];yhkpa rhk;uh[;aj;jpd; kPJ vg;nghOJk; NghH njhLg;gjw;fhd re;jHg;gj;ij

vjpHNehf;fpNa ,Ug;gjhhy;> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; ,g;nghOJ Nuhkg; Nguurpd; eltbf;iffs; Fwpj;J

vg;nghOJk;> xU c\huhfNt ,Ue;jhHfs;. <uhf;if ntw;wp nfhz;ljd; gpd;dhs;> fhypj; gpd; ]aPj; (uyp)

mtHfsJ jiyikapy; xU gilia rphpahit Nehf;fp mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. ,e;jg;

gilia ijkh vd;w ,lj;jpy; jq;FkhWk;> jdJ mLj;j fl;lis fpilf;Fk; tiu Nghiuj; Jtf;f Ntz;lhk;

vd;Wk; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; cj;jutpl;bUe;jhHfs;. NkYk;> ehkhfr; nrd;W Nghiuj; Jtf;f Ntz;lhk;

vd;Wk;> vjphpfs; Nghiuj; jpzpf;Fk;gl;rj;jpy; ek;Kila gFjpfisj; jw;fhj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;Fz;lhd Kiwapy;

NghH nra;AkhWk; fyPgh mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ jsgjpf;F cj;jutpl;bUe;jhHfs;. NkYk;> ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfspd; J}Jj;Jtj;ij kWj;J> ngha;j;J}jHfSld; $l;L itj;jpUg;gtHfisj; jtpHj;J> mg;gFjpapy;

cs;s Vida Fyj;jtHfis fye;jhNyhrid nra;J ek;Kila gilfSld; NrHj;Jf; nfhs;s Kaw;rpfis

Nkw;nfhs;SkhWk; gzpj;jhHfs;. K];ypk;fspd; ,e;j eltbf;iffisf; fz;L NuhkHfs; vr;rhpf;if mile;J>

K];ypk;fis vjpHg;gjw;Fz;lhd gilfisj; jahhpj;jNjhL> me;jg; gilfis K];ypk;fs; $lhukbj;jpUf;Fk;

ijkh vd;w ,lj;jpypUe;J> yhf;k;> f];]hd; kw;wk; [{jhk; vd;w %d;W CHfSf;F mg;ghy;> K];ypk;fSld;

NghH Ghptjw;Fg; gjpyhf vr;rhpf;ifahfj; jdJ gilfis `puhf;fpspa]; epWj;jpf; nfhz;lhd;.

`puhf;fpspa]; d; ,e;j eltbf;iffs; gw;wp fyP/gh mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSf;Fj; njhptpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jid

mwpe;j mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;> rw;Wk; jhkjpf;fkhy;> my;yh`;tpd; jpUg;ngaH nfhz;L Nghiuj; Jtf;FkhW>

fhypj; gpd; ]aPj; (uyp) mtHfSf;F cj;jutpl;lhHfs;.

Nghiuj; Jtf;Fq;fs;> vf;fhuzk; nfhz;Lk; Nghiu epWj;j Ntz;lhk;> ,iwtdplk; cjtp Nfhhp gpuhHj;jid

nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs; vd;Wk; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; mwpTiu $wpdhHfs;.

fyPgh mtHfspd; cj;jutpid Vw;Wf; nfhz;l fhypj; gpd; ]aPj; (uyp) mtHfs; rw;Wk; jhkjpf;fhky;> jdJ

gilfis efHj;jpdhH. vjphpfs; ,g;nghOJ fise;J GwKJfpl;L Xl Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,jpy; kfpo;r;rpf;Fhpa

nra;jp vd;dntd;why;> K];ypk;fis vjpg;gjw;fhf fskpwq;fpa muGf;Fyj;jtHfs; gyH rj;jpa khHf;fj;ij Vw;Wf;

nfhz;lhHfs;.

fise;J Xbf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; vjphpfisj; Juj;Jk; nghOJ> kpfTk; vr;rhpf;ifiaf; iff; nfhs;SkhW fyPgh

mtHfs; Gjpa cj;jutpid jdJ jsgjpf;F mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. ,e;j cj;jutpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l jsgjp

mtHfs;> ]puh kw;Wk; mgpy; vd;w CHfSf;F eLNt jdJ gilia Kfhkpl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,e;j ,lj;jpy;

itj;J> K];ypk;fspd; gilfis Kd;Ndw tplhky; jLg;gjw;F Kaw;rpj;j g`hd; vd;w Nuhkj; jsgjpia ntw;wp

nfhz;lhHfs;.

NuhkHfSf;F vjpuhd ,e;jg; NghH ele;J nfhz;bUe;j rkaj;jpy; jhd;> akd;> g`;iud; kw;Wk; jp`hkh Nghd;w

gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J ngha;j;J}jHfis ntw;wp thif #b tpl;L> K];ypk; gilfs; kjPdhtpw;Fj; jpUk;gp ,Ue;jd.

fhypj; (uyp) mtHfspd; Ntz;LNfhspw;F ,zq;f> ,e;jg; gilfs; ,g;nghOJ> NuhkHfis vjpHg;gjw;fhf mDg;gp

itf;fg;gl;lhHfs;.

ehd;F gphpTfshf mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;l K];ypk;fspd; gilg; gphptpy; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfspd;

jiyikapy; ,aq;Fk; gilfspd; vz;zpf;ifiaj; jtpHj;J 27>000 gil tPuHfs; ,Ue;jhHfs;. K];ypk;fspd; ,e;j

gil efHj;jiy mwpe;J nfhz;l `puhf;spa]; kd;dd;> jdJ jk;gp jpNahbhpf; vd;gtH jiyikapy; 90 Mapuk;

tPuHfs; nfhz;lnjhU gilia mikj;J> mkH ,g;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfsJ jiyikapy; tUk; gilia

vjpHf;fTk;> jpNahbhpf; - d; kfd; [hH[; d; jiyikapy; ,Nj Nghd;wnjhU vz;zpf;ifapy; xU gilia

mikj;J> a]Pj; gpd; R/g;ahd; (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikapy; tUk; gilia vjpHf;fTk;> juhf;fp]; vd;gtd;

jiyikapy; Ruh`;gpy; gpd; `{];dh (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikapy; tUk; gilia vjpHf;fTk;> kw;Wk; nfa;fH

gpd; ne];l]; vd;gtdJ jiyikapy; 60 Mapuk; giltPuHfs; nfhz;lnjhU gilia mG+ cigjh gpd; my;

Page 41: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

[Huh`; (uyp) mtHfsJ jiyikapd; fPo; tUk; gilia vjpHf;fTk;> Mf ehd;F gilg;gphpTfSk; xd;Wld;

xd;W re;jpf;F Kd;ghfNt> mtHfisj; jLj;J epWj;jp tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;w jpl;lj;Jld; n`uhf;spa];

nray;gl;lhd;.

jpNahlhpd; jiyikapy; te;j gil K];ypk; gilfSf;F Kd;gjhfNt te;J ghy];jPdj;jpd; Nkl;Lg; gFjpahfpa

jpk]; y; K];ypk;fis vjpHg;gjw;fhfj; jahuhf ,Ue;jhHfs;. NuhkHfspd; kpfg; ngUk; giliag; ghHj;j

K];ypk;fspd; kdjpy; xU tpj fyf;fk; cz;lhdJ> ,e;j ehd;F gilg;gphpTfspy; kpfg; ngUk; vz;zpf;ifapyhd

tPuHfs; mlq;fpa gphpTf;F jiyik tfpj;J te;j mk;H ,g;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfsplk; kw;w jsgjpfs;>

epiyikapd; jPtPuk; Fwpj;Jk;> ,dp nray;gl Ntz;bajw;fhd jpl;lq;fs; Fwpj;Jk; fye;jhNyhrid

elj;jpdhHfs;.

ehk; ,dp jdpj;jdp gphpTfshf epd;W NghH GhpNthnkd;why;> ,t;tsT nghpa vjphpfspd; gilia vjpHj;J

nty;tJ vd;gJ fbdk;> vdNt> ehk; midtUk; xd;W NrHe;J xNu gilahf vjphpfis Nehf;fp fsk; GFtNj

rpwe;jnjd epidf;fpd;Nwd;> ehk; midtUk; vHKf; vd;w ,lj;jpy; xd;W $LNthk; vd;Wk; mk;H ,g;Dy; M];

(uyp) mtHfs; jdJ fUj;ijj; njhptpj;jhHfs;.

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSk; mkH ,g;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfspd; fUj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;L> ''midj;Jg;

gilg;gphpTfSk; vHKf; y; xd;W $b> vjphpfis Nehf;fp fsk; GFe;J tpLq;fs;. epuhfhpg;ghsHfspd; me;j

mzpfisj; Jtk;rk; nra;Aq;fs; vd;W fl;lisapl;lNjhL> NkYk; - ePq;fs; my;yh`;tpd; rj;jpa thf;F

NkNyhq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf fsk; GFe;jpUf;fpd;wPHfs;> me;j rj;jpaj;ij NkNyhq;fr; nra;a Ntz;ba gzpapd;

nghUl;L my;yh`; cq;fSf;F ntw;wpiag; ghprhfj; ju ty;ytdhf ,Uf;fpd;whd;> ,d;Dk; mtd; kPJ ahH

ek;gpf;if nfhs;stpy;iyNah mtHfisj; jhd; mtd; ,optilar; nra;thd;"" vd;Wk; jdJ gilfSf;F fyP/gh

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; mwpTiu toq;fpdhHfs;.

NuhkHfspd; gilnaLg;G

[H[h ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sjy;

NuhkHfis ntw;wp nfhs;Sjy;

Nkw;fz;l %d;W jiyg;Gf;fspy; tUk; rk;gtq;fs; midj;Jk; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfspd; tho;f;if

tuyhw;wpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ. jaTnra;J fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfspd; tuyhw;iw ,Nj ,izaj;jsj;jpy;

cs;s tuyhW vd;Dk; gFjpapy;> '',];yhkpa NghHg; gilj; jsgjpfs;"" vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; fhz;f.

NuhkHfSld; K];ypk;fs; NghH ele;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;w jUzj;jpy; kjpdhtpypUe;j te;jnjhU J}JtH mGgf;fH

(uyp) mtHfs; kuzkile;J tpl;lhHfs; vd;w Jaur; nra;jpiaf; nfhz;L te;jhH. NkYk;> mGgf;fH (uyp)

mtHfSf;F mLj;J Ml;rpg; nghWg;ig Vw;Wf; nfhz;l ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> NuhkHfSf;F vjpuhd Nghhpy; gilj;

jsgjpahf ,Jtiu nray;gl;L te;j fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfis ePf;fp tpl;L> mtUf;Fk; gjpyhf mG+

cigjh gpd; my; [Huh`; (uyp) mtHfis gilj; jsgjpahf epakpj;J tpLk;gb fl;lis mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;.

RftPdKk;> kuzKk;

07> [khJy; MfpH `p[;hp 13> Mk; Mz;by;> xU FspH ehspy; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; Fspj;J tpl;L tUk; nghOJ

mbj;j FspH fhw;wpy; mtHfsJ Nkdpapy; jhf;fg;gl;ljd; fhuzkhf> clNd mtHfSf;F fha;r;ry; fhz

Muk;gpj;J tpl;lJ. mJNt mtHfsJ kuzj;jpw;Fk; fhuzkhf mike;jJ.

gjpide;J ehl;fshf mtHfs; gLj;j gLf;ifahff; fple;jhHfs;. mtHfsJ epiyik kpfTk; Nkhrkhf

MdJld;> gs;spthrYf;Fr; nrd;W njhoNt kpfTk; rpukg;gl;lhHfs;. vdNt> ckH (uyp) mtHfis ,khkhf

epakpj;J njhOiffis elj;Jk;gb cj;jutpl;lhHfs;. ,d;Dk; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ epiy kpfTk; Nkhrkhf

Mfpf; nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ> kUj;JtH miof;fg;gl;lhH. Mdhy;> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfNsh vy;yhk; Kbe;J

tpl;lJ> ,dp kUj;JtH te;J vd;d gad;! vd;W $wp tpl;lhHfs;. kPz;Lk; mtHfsplk; ,J gw;wpf; Nfl;l

nghOJ> ehd; vd;d nrhy;fpd;NwNdh mjid ePq;fs; nra;jhy; NghJkhdJ vd;W $wp tpl;lhHfs;. vdNt>

kPz;Lk; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfisj; njhe;juT nra;a tpUk;ghj NjhoHfSk;> FLk;gj;jtHfSk; mikjpahf ,Ue;J

tpl;lhHfs;. Neha;tha;g;gl;;bUe;j me;j fhy fl;lj;jpy;> ,iwj;J}jH(]y;) mtHfs; mspj;j tPl;by; - mjhtJ

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ gs;spf;F kpf mUfpNyNa jdJ ,Wjpf; fhyj;ijf; fopf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfsJ tPLk; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ tPl;bw;F kpfj; njhiytpy; xd;Wk; ,y;iy> md;dhH

Page 42: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

jdJ mjpfkhd Neuq;fis mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSlNdNa fopj;jhHfs;. vg;nghOJk; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ

gLf;iff;F kpf mUfpNyNa cl;fhHe;J nfhz;bUf;ff; $batHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ fyP/gh mGgf;fH

(uyp) mtHfs;> jdf;Fg; gpd; Ml;rpg; nghWg;gpw;F ahiu epakpg;gJ vd;Wk;> mt;thW jhd; nra;atpy;iyahapd;

kf;fs; jq;fSf;Fs; Kl;b Nkhjp> xU Fog;gkhd epiy cUthfp tpLNk vd;Wk; fUjyhdhHfs;. jdJ

tpUg;gj;ij ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; %j;j NjhoHfsplk; fye;jhNyhrid nra;J> ,Wjpahf ckH (uyp)

mtHfis jdf;Fg; gpd; mLj;j fyP/ghthf epakpg;gJ vd;w KbTf;F te;jhHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; Kd; Nfhgk; Fwpj;J rpyH mtiu Ml;rpahsuhf epakpg;gJ Fwpj;J mr;rk; njhptpj;jdH.

mj;jifatHfis Nehf;fp mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;> ckH (uyp) mtHfsplk; cs;s ew;Fzk;

vd;dntd;why;> Ml;rpj; jiytUf;Nf chpa Fzq;fshd> tise;J nfhLj;Jg; Nghfhj jd;ikAk;> ,sfpa

kdJk; mthplk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;W tpsf;fkspj;jhHfs;. NkYk; njhlHe;J> ehd; mthplk; gofpa ehl;fspd;

mbg;gilapy; vdf;F Vw;gl;l mDgtj;jpd;gb> ehd; Nfhgkhf ,Uf;fpd;w rkaj;jpy; mtH vd;id rhe;jg;gLj;j

Kaw;rp nra;jpUf;fpd;whH> ,d;Dk; ,sfpa kdJld; fhzg;gl;l ,lq;fspy; cWjpAld; ,Uf;FkhWk; mtH vdf;F

mwpTiu gfHe;Js;shH. Nkw;fz;l midj;ijAk; kdjpy; itj;Jf; nfhz;L> jdJ tPl;bd; khbg; gFjpf;Fr;

nrd;w mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;> kpfTk; jsHe;J NghapUe;j fhuzj;jhy;> jdJ kidtpahd mkp]; mtHfspd;

kfshd m];kh mtHfspd; fuq;fis Mjuthfg; gw;wpf; nfhz;ltuhf mq;Nf $b epd;w kf;fs; kd;wj;jpy; ciu

epfo;j;j Muk;gpj;jhHfs; :

vdf;F mLj;jjhf Ml;rpg; nghWg;gpid Vw;W elj;Jtjw;fhf ehd; NjHe;njLj;jpUf;fpd;w egiu ePq;fs; cq;fsJ

Ml;rpahsuhf xg;Gf; nfhs;tPHfsh? vd;W Nfl;lhHfs;. epr;rakhf> ehd; Vd; mtiuj; NjHe;njLj;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;

vd;gjid tpsf;Ftjw;F vdJ cly; typ ,lk; juhj epiyapy; ehd; ,Uf;fpd;Nwd;. ehd; vdJ cwtpdH

vtiuAk; NjHe;njLf;ftpy;iy. vdf;Fg; gpd; Ml;rpg; nghWg;ig Vw;W elj;Jtjw;Fhpatuhf> ckH (uyp)

mtHfisNa ehd; NjHT nra;Js;Nsd;. ehd; nrhy;tij nrtpjho;j;jpf; NfSq;fs;> vdJ tpUg;gj;jpw;F ePq;fs;

xj;Jiog;Gj; jhUq;fs; vd;W jdJ ciuia Kbj;jhHfs; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;.

mq;F $bapUe;j midtUk; xUkpj;j Fuypy;> ''ePq;fs; nrhy;tij ehq;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;> mjw;F

fl;Lg;gLfpd;Nwhk;"" vd;W $wpdhHfs;. mjd; gpd; mq;fpUe;j cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfis mioj;j mGgf;fH (uyp)

mtHfs;> jdJ ciuia kf;fsplk; thrpj;Jf; fhz;gpf;FkhW $wpdhHfs; :

mstw;w mUshsDk; epfuw;w md;GilNahDkhfpa my;yh`;tpd; jpUehkj;jhy;... mGgf;fH gpd; mG+ F`/gh Mfpa

ehd; ,e;j cyfj;ij tpl;Lg; gphpfpd;w jUzj;jpy; ,d;Dk; kWikf;Fg; gazg;gLfpd;w Muk;g Neuj;jpy;> ,d;Dk;

epuhfhpg;gsHfs; rj;jpaj;ij tpRthrpg;gtHfshf khw tpUk;Gfpd;w> rj;jpaj;ij mrhjhuzkhf fUjpf;

nfhz;bUe;jtHfs; rj;jpa rPyHfshf khw epidf;fpd;w kw;Wk; ngha;aHfs; rj;jpathd;fshf khw tpUf;fpd;w me;j

kW cyfj;jpd; Kjw;gbf;Fr; nry;tjw;fhf cq;fsplk; gphpahtpil gfHfpd;w ehd; Mw;Wfpd;w ,Wjp ciuahFk;

,J!

vdf;Fg; gpd; Ml;rpahsuhf ckH (uyp) mtHfis ehd; epakpj;Js;Nsd;. mtUf;F nrtpjho;j;Jq;fs;>

fl;Lg;gLq;fs;. (epidtpy; ,Uj;jpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;) my;yh`;tpd; mtdJ J}jH (]y;) mtHfSk; vd; kPJ

nghWg;Gr; Rkj;jpa flikfisAk;> ,d;Dk; cq;fs; kPJk; vd; kPJk;> ehd; vd;dhy; ,aYkhd tiu epiwNtw;wp

cs;Nsd;. mtH ePjp nrYj;jtuhnud;why;> mjidj; jhd; mthplk; ehd; vjpHghHj;jJ. NkYk;> mJ ehd;

mthplk; mwpe;J itj;jpUe;jJ> ,d;Dk; (ey;ynjhU) khw;wq;fs; nra;thnud;why;> mjpy; fpilf;ff; $ba

ey;ydtw;iw ePq;fs; mDgtpj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. vd;Dila Nehf;fk; rpwe;jnjd;Nw fUJfpd;Nwd;> Mdhy;

kiwthdtw;iw ehd; mwpaf; $batdy;yd;. Mdhy;> vtnuhUtH jdJ Ml;rpiaAk; mjpfhuj;ijAk; jtwhfg;

gad;gLj;Jthnud;why;> mtH tpiutpy; Ml;rpg; nghWg;gpid tpl;Lk; vt;thW mfw;wg;gLthH vd;gjidAk; fz;L

nfhs;thH.

cq;fs; kPJ ,iwtdJ rhe;jpAk; rkhjhdKk; cz;lhfl;Lkhf! (vd;W $wp jdJ ciuia Kbj;jhHfs;).

,e;j ciuia Kbj;j gpd; xU kdpjH mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfisr; re;jpj;J> ckiuah cq;fisaLj;j

Ml;rpahsuhf epakpj;jpUf;fpd;wPHfs;> cq;fs; Kd;gjhfNt mtH kf;fis ve;jtpjkhf elj;jpdhHfs; vd;gjid

ePq;fs; mwpahjnjhd;Wky;y vd;W $wpdhH. ,g;nghOJ mtNu KO Ml;rpg; nghWg;Gf;Fk; chpj;jtuhfp tpl;lhH>

kf;fspd; epiyiar; nrhy;yNt Ntz;lhk; vd;Wk; te;j me;j kdpjH $wpdhH. ePq;fs; ,g;nghOJ cq;fsJ

,iwtidr; re;jpf;fg; Nghfpd;wPHfs;> kf;fSf;Fg; nghWg;ghsuhf epakpf;fg;gl;l cq;fspd; ,e;j epiy Fwpj;J

Page 43: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

mq;Nf ePq;fs; tprhhpf;fg;gLtPHfs; vd;Wk; me;j egH $wpdhH. gLf;ifapy; gLj;Jf; fple;j mGgf;fH (uyp)

mtHfs;> te;jpUe;j egiu mkur; nrhy;yp tpl;L> vdJ ,iwtidr; re;jpf;fpd;w nghOJ> mr;rj;NjhL mtidr;

re;jpf;fpd;w epiyiaf; $wp vd;id fytukilar; nra;fpd;wPHfsh? vdJ ,iwtd; Kd;dpiyapy; ehd; epd;W

nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ> 'cd;Dila gilg;gpdq;fspNyNa cd;djkhd gilg;gshH xUtiu vdf;Fg; gpd;

Ml;rpahsuhf epakpj;J tpl;L te;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;" vd;w gjpiyf; $WNtd; vd;W mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; $wp tpl;L>

ckH (uyp) mtHfis mioj;jhHfs;. jdpikapy; mtHfis mku itj;J> ckH (uyp) mtHfSf;Fj; Njitahd

mwpTiufisf; $wpdhHfs;.

gpd;G> ,iwtid Nehf;fp ifia caHj;jpa mGgf;fH(uyp) mtHfs;> ,iwth! ,e;j kf;fspd; ey;tho;Tf;fhfNt

,tiu ehd; NjHT nra;Njd;> ,d;Dk; xUtNuhL xUtH fUj;JKuz;ghL nfhs;tjdpd;Wk; jLf;Fk; nghUl;Nl

,e;jj; NjHtpid ehd; nra;Njd;. ePNa kpf mwpe;jtd;! vd;W $wpdhH.

kpf ePz;l MNyhridf;Fg; gpd;dNu ehd; ckiu vdf;Fg; gpd;dH Ml;rpahsuhf epakpj;Njd;. kpfr; rpwe;jtUk;>

cWjp gilj;jtUk;> ,d;Dk; NeHtopiag; gpd;gw;wp elg;gjw;F MHtk; nfhz;ltUkhthH. ah my;yh`;!

Ml;rpahsHfis NeHtopapy; elg;gtHfshf eP Mf;fpaUs;thahf! ,d;Dk; vdf;Fg; gpd;dH Ml;rpg; nghWg;ig

Vw;wpUg;gtiu Ml;rpahsHfspnyy;yhk; kpfr; rpwe;j Ml;rpahsuhf Mf;fpaUs;thahf!

NkYk;> <uhf;if tpl;Lk; Gwg;gLtjw;F Kd;dhs;> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ nghWg;gpid Kjd;dh

(uyp) mtHfsplk; xg;gilj;jhHfs;. ,jw;Fg; gpd;dH ghurPf kd;dH NkYk; Jizg;gilfis <uhf;if Nehf;fp

mDg;g Muk;gpj;jhd;. fyPghtpd; cly;eyf; Fiwtpd; fhuzkhf Kjd;dh (uyp) mtHfs; jiyefH

kjPdhtpypUe;J tuf; $ba nra;jpfSk;> njhlHGfSk; Jz;bf;fg;gl;bUe;jd. ,jdhy; kpfTk; kdKile;J Nghd

Kjd;dh (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ nghWg;Gf;fis g\PH (uyp) mtHfsplk; xg;gilj;J tpl;L kjPdhit Nehf;fpf;

fpsk;gpdhH. mt;thW fpsk;gpa mtH kjPdhit mile;j nghOJ> me;j ehs; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfspd;

,Wjpehshf ,Ue;jJ.

<uhf;fpd; KO epiyikfisAk; Nfl;lwpe;J nfhz;l mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;> clNd eltbf;if vLf;f

Ntz;bajd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij czHe;jtHfshf ckH (uyp) mtHfis mioj;jhHfs;. ckNu..! ePq;fs; kpfTk;

ftdkhff; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,e;j ehs; vdJ ,Wjp ehshf ,Uf;ff; $Lk; vd;Nw ehd; epidf;fpd;Nwd;.

ehd; gfypy; ,we;jhy; tuf; $ba khiy Neuj;jpYk; ,d;Dk; ,utpy; ,we;jhy; tuf;$ba mjpfhiy Neuj;jpYk;>

ePq;fs; K];ypk;fspd; giliaj; jpul;b Kjd;dh (uyp) mtHfspd; cjtpf;F mDg;gp itAq;fs;. (ehd; ,we;J

tpLtjhy; Vw;gLfpd;w) ve;j Jf;fKk; ,iwek;gpf;ifahsHfSf;Fr; nra;a Ntz;ba flikapdpd;Wk;> ,iwtdJ

fl;lisfSf;F mbgzpa Ntz;ba flikapdpd;Wk; cq;fisj; jLj;J tpl Ntz;lhk;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs; ,we;jij tplth kpfg; nghpa Jd;gk; xd;W ,dp Vw;gl;L tplg; Nghfpd;wJ? me;j ehspy; ehd; nra;j

flikfis ePq;fs; mwptPHfs;. ,iwtd; kPJ rj;jpakhf! ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kuzkile;j me;j ehspy;>

vd;dplk; kpfr; rpwpa msT gytPdj;ijf; $l ehd; ntspg;gLj;jpapUe;jpUg;Ngd; vd;W nrhd;dhy;> fUj;J

Kuz;ghL fhuzkhf kjPdh efuNk jPg;gw;wp vwpe;J NghapUf;Fk;. ,iwtd; jd;Dila mUl;nfhilfspd; %ykhf

rphpahtpy; ntw;wp mspj;J tpl;lhd; vd;W nrhd;dhy;> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfis ePq;fs; kPz;Lk; <uhf;fpw;F

mDg;gp itj;J tpLq;fs;. mtH kpfTk; mDgtk; tha;e;jtuhthH> mtH ehl;bd; KOikahd epiyiaAk; rPHJ}f;fp

epiyikiaf; fl;Lf;Fs; nfhz;L te;J tplf; $batH vd;Wk; $wpdhHfs;.

,d;Dk; kuzg;gLf;ifapy; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUe;j epiyapNyNa> murpd; fUT+yfj;jpypUe;J ehd; vt;tsT

gzj;ij fldhfg; ngw;wpUf;fpd;Nwd; vd;W Nfl;lhHfs;. Mwhapuk; jpH`k;fs; vd;W nrhy;yg;gl;lJ. Fwpg;gpl;l

epyj;ij tpw;W me;j tpw;w gzk; KOtijAk; fUT+yfj;jpy; xg;gilj;J tpLk;gbf; $wpdhHfs;. mjd;gbNa me;j

epyk; tpw;fg;gl;L> KOj; njhifAk; fUT+yfj;jpy; xg;gilf;fg;gl;lJ.

NkYk; jhd; Ml;rpg; nghWg;Ngw;Wf; nfhz;l ehspypUe;J ,Jtiu jdf;fhfr; NrHj;Jf; nfhz;l nrhj;Jf;fspd;

tpguj;ijf; Nfl;lhHfs;. mtuJ Foe;ijfisf; ftdpj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhfTk;> K];ypk;fspd;

NghHj;jsthlq;fis nkU$l;Ltjw;fhf ngwg;gl;l mbikAk;> jz;zPH Rke;J tUtjw;fhf thq;fg;gl;l

xl;lfKk;> xd;wiu &gha; gzj;jpw;Fg; ngwg;gl;lnjhU JzpAk; cs;sd vd;W $wg;gl;lJ. ,it midj;ijAk;

Gjpjhfg; nghWg;Ngw;Wf; nfhs;stpUf;fpd;w Ml;rpahshplk; xg;gilf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W fl;lisapl;lhHfs;.

,itaidj;ijAk; ,uz;lhtJ fyP/gh ckH (uyp) mtHfsJ Kd;dpiyapy; nfhz;L tug;gl;l nghOJ>

mOjtHfshf.. X..! mGgf;fH mtHfNs..! cq;fSf;Fg; gpd;dhs; Ml;rpg; nghWg;Gf;F tutpUf;fpd;wtHfis

Page 44: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

ePq;fs; epHf;fjpf;Fs;shf;fp tpl;BHfNs..! vd;whHfs;.

,wg;gpw;Fr; rw;W Kd;djhf jdJ kfs; Map\h (uyp) mtHfis mioj;j mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;> ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfspd; [dh]hit vj;jid Jzpfisf; nfhz;L Rw;wp fgdplg;gl;lJ vd;W Nfl;lhHfs;. %d;W

Jz;Lj; Jzpfis itj;Jf; fgdplg;gl;lJ vd;W mtHfs; gjpy; $wpa nghOJ> mNj Nghd;w msTj;

Jzpfisf; nfhz;L vd;idf; fgdpl;lhy; NghJkhdJ vd;W $wpdhHfs;. mtw;wpy; Jitj;J itf;fg;gl;l

,uz;L Jz;Lfs; Vw;fdNt ek;kplk; cs;sd> mjid ,jw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;> ,d;DnkhU

Jz;il tpiyf;F thq;fpf; nfhs;Sq;fs; vd;whHfs;.

,jw;F> vd;Dila je;ijNa..! Gjpa fgd; Jz;Lfis thq;f ,ayhj msTf;F ehk; Viofshf

,Uf;ftpy;iyNa..! vd;W md;id Map\h (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ je;ijaplk; $wpdhHfs;. Gjpa Milfsh..!

,we;j kdpjd; Gjpa Milfis mzptij tpl capUs;stHfs; mzptNj rpwe;jJ vd;W gjpy; $wpdhHfs;.

,we;j cliyr; Rw;wg;gad;gLk; Mil me;j kdpjdpd; ryj;ijAk;> ,uj;jj;ijANk NghHj;jpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;

vd;Wk; $wpdhHfs;.

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; kuzj;ij neUq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;j me;jj; jUzj;jpy;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

ve;jehspy; kuzkile;jhHfs; vd;Wk; Nfl;lhHfs;. ,jw;F> 'jpq;fl;fpoik" vd;W gjpy; $wg;gl;lJk;> ehDk; ,Nj

ehspy; kuzkila Ntz;Lk; vd;Nw vjpHghHf;fpd;Nwd; vd;whHfs;. NkYk;> jd;id ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfSf;F mUfpy; ey;ylf;fk; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

,Wjpahf> ,iwth..! vd;id K];ypkhfNt kuzpf;fr; nra;thahf..! ,d;Dk; ey;ybahHfs; $l;lj;jpy;

NrHj;jUs;thahf..! vd;Wk; gpuhHj;jpj;jhHfs;. ,JNt> mtHfsJ tjdj;jpypUe;J ntspte;j ,Wjp

thHj;ijfshfTk; mike;jd.

mtHfs; epidj;jJ NghyNt> 22> [khJy; MfpH khjk; jpq;fl;fpoik md;W kf;hpg; kw;Wk; ,\h Neuj;jpw;fpilNa

kuzkile;jhHfs;. ,d;dh ypy;yhh`p t ,d;dh ,iy`p uh[pCd;. ,iwtdplkpUe;Nj te;Njhk;> mtdplNk

ek;Kila kPSjy; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

[d]h ey;ylf;fj; njhOifia ckH (uyp) mtHfs; Kd;dpd;W elj;jpdhHfs;. md;iwa ,uNt Map\h (uyp)

mtHfspd; tPl;by; ,iwj;J}jH(]y;) mtHfs; mlf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;w ,lj;jpw;F kpf mUfpy;> jd;Dila

jiytUf;F kpf mUfpNyNa mthpd; cw;w ez;gUk; ey;ylf;fk; nra;ag;gl;lhH.

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; kuzkile;j nghOJ mtUf;F 63 tajhfpapUe;jJ. Ml;rpg; nghWg;Ngw;W ,uz;L

tUlq;fs; kw;Wk; %d;W khjq;fs;> gjpndhU ehl;fs; fopj;J kuzj;ijr; re;jpj;jhHfs;.

Page 45: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,uz;lhk; fyP/gh

ckH gpd; fj;jhg; (uyp) tho;f;if tuyhW

Muk;g fhy tho;T

mwpahikf; fhyj;jpy; ckH

ckH (uyp) mtHfSk; ,];yhKk;

jh`h

,];yhj;jpid Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sjy;

ckH my; /gh&f;

kf;fhtpypUe;J kjPdhtpw;F

Muk;g fhy kjPdh tho;T

gj;Ug; NghH

gj;Ug; NghHf; ifjpfs;

cikH gpd; t`;g;

njhOiff;fhd miog;G (ghq;F)

jPHg;ig khw;wf; Nfhhpatiuj; jPHj;Jf; fl;ba ckH (uyp)

c`Jg; NghH

ckH (uyp) mtHfisg; nghwhikg;gl itj;j kdpjH

`/g;]h (uyp)

A+jHfs;

mfo;g; NghH

`{ijgpa;ah cld;gbf;ifAk; mjd; tpisTfSk;

mg+[e;jy; (uyp) mtHfspd; tptfhuk;

`{ijgpa;ah cld;gbf;iff;Fg; gpd;G

gdP K];jyf; kPJ eltbf;if

Map\h (uyp) mtHfSk; ckH (uyp) mtHfSk;

ngz;fSf;fhd `p[hg;

kf;fhtpd; ntw;wpf;F Kd; eilngw;w NghHfs;

JHgh Aj;jk;

ifgH Aj;jk;

kf;fh> jG+f;

kf;fh ntw;wp

`{idd; kw;Wk; jhap/g; Aj;jk;

jG+f; Aj;jk;

kf;fhtpd; ntw;wpf;Fg; gpd;..

tpthfuj;J gw;wp Cfq;fs;

Page 46: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

mg;Jy;yh ,g;D cig - d; mlf;f epfo;r;rp

thdtH J}jH kdpj cUtpy; Njhd;wpa nghOJ

,Wjp `[;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,Wjpg; gazk;

NguUshsid Nehf;fp..!

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; fyp/ghthfj; NjHe;njLf;fg;gLjy;

Kjy; fyp/gh mGgf;fH (uyp)

Kjy; eltbf;if

c]hkh (uyp) jiyikapy; rphpahtpd; kPJ gilnaLg;G

kjPdhtpd; ghJfhg;G Vw;ghLfs;

ckH (uyp) kw;Wk; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp)

mGgf;fH (uyp) kw;Wk; ckH(uyp)

ckH (uyp) fyp/ghthfj; NjHe;njLf;fg;gLjy;

mwpKf ciu

jd;idg; gw;wp RatpkHrdk;

mkPUy; K/kpdPd;

ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; cjtpj; njhif

mNugpahit tpl;Lk; A+jHfisAk; fpwp];jtHfisAk; ntspNa mDg;Gjy;

juhtP`; njhOif

ckH(uyp) mtHfSk; jpUkiwAk;

ckH (uyp) mtHfSk; gs;spthry;fSk;

`p[;hp tUlk;

ckUk; kJTk;

mbik

,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; ckH (uyp) vd;w ngaUf;F jdpr; rpwg;G cz;L. mtuJ Muk;g fhy tho;f;if

mQ;Qhdj;jpy; Muk;gpj;jhYk;> ,];yhj;jpid Vw;Wf; nfhz;ljd; gpd;G mtHfsJ tho;T ve;jsT jiyfPo; khw;wk;

ngw;wJ vd;gJ kl;Lky;y> mtHfspd; J}a tho;T ,d;iwa K];ypk;fSk;> ,d;Dk; ,];yhj;ij fLikahf

tpkHrpg;gtHfs; $l ckH (uyp) mtHfsJ tho;itg; gw;wpAk;> mtuJ Ml;rp Kiwfisg; gw;wpAk; mwpe;J kdjhu

ghuhl;Lfpd;whHfs;. mj;jifa ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; tho;f;ifia ,d;\h my;yh`; ehk; ,dp njhluhfg;

ghHg;Nghk;.

Muk;g fhy tho;T

ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; gpwe;j Njjp gw;wpa rhpahd Fwpg;Gfs; ,y;iy vdpDk;> rw;Nwwf;Fiwa fp.gp.580 Mk; Mz;L

gpwe;jpUf;ff; $Lk; vd;Wk;> ,d;Dk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis tpl 10 taJ ,isatH vd;gJk;

Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; kf;fj;Jf; Fiw\pfspy; kpfTk; gpugy;akhd Nfhj;jpukhd mjP vd;w Fyj;ijr;

NrHe;jtHfshthHfs;. ckH gpd; fj;jhg; gpd; E/igy; gpd; mg;Jy; c];]h gpd; hp]h gpd; hpghd; gpd; Fuj; gpd;

Page 47: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

mjP gpd; fj;g; vd;w guk;giugpapy; te;jtuhthH.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; xd;gjhtJ guk;giuapdUk;> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfspd; 8 tJ guk;giuapdUk; ckH

(uyp) mtHfspd; guk;giuiar; NrHe;jtHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;. me;jsT ,tHfSf;fpilNa njhg;Gs; nfhb cwT

vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; Kd;NdhHfspy; xUtuhd mjP vd;w Nfhj;jpuj;jtHfs;> kf;fhtpy; Fiw\pfspilNa vof;

$ba gpur;idfisj; jPHj;J itf;ff; $ba kj;jp];jHfshfTk; nray;gl;L te;jhHfs;. xUKiw ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfspd; ghl;ldhH mg;Jy; Kj;jypg; mtHfSf;Fk;> `Hg; gpd; cika;ah mtHfSf;Fk; ,ilNa> 'ahH

f/ghit epHtfpg;gJ vd;w gpur;id vOe;j nghOJ> mjidj; jPHj;J itg;gjw;F ckH (uyp) mtHfSila

ghl;ldhuhd E/igy; jhd; kj;jpa];juhf ,Ue;J> me;jg; gpur;idiaj; jPHj;J itj;jhH. mg;Jy; Kj;jypg;

f/ghtpd; epHthfpahf;fg;gl;lhH. ckH (uyp) mtHfSila je;ijahH fj;jhg; mtHfs;> gdP mjp Fyj;jtHfspd;

kpfTk; gpugy;akhd eguhfj; jpfo;e;jhH. ckH(uyp) mtHfSila tPL ]/gh kw;Wk; kHthTf;F ,ilNa

mike;jpUe;jJ. ckH (uyp) mtHfs; Ml;rpapy; ,Ue;j nghOJ> me;j tPL mfw;wg;gl;L> kf;fs; jq;Fk; ,lkhf

khw;wg;gl;lJ.

ckH (uyp) mtHfSila jhahH fe;jkh mtHfs;> `p]hk; gpd; KfPuh vd;gtUila kfSkhthH. ,e;j `p]hk;

gpd; KfPuh gy jlitfs;> Fiw\pfspd; gilfSf;F jiyik jhq;fpr; nrd;Ws;shH. ,e;j jha;topg;

ghl;ldhuhd `p]hk; mtHfSk;> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfspd; je;ij tyPj; - k; rNfhjuHfshthHfs;.

vdNt> ,jd; %yk; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs; ckUila jhahUf;F ikj;JdH KiwAk;> ckH (uyp)

mtHfSf;F jha; top rpwpa je;ijahUkhthH.

mG+ [`;y; vd;w mk;H gpd; `p]hk; my; KfPuh - ,tH ckH(uyp) mtHfSila jhahUf;F rNfhjuuhthH. vdNt>

,jd; %yk; mG+ [`;y; ckH (uyp) mtHfSf;F jha; khkd; cwTilatuhfpd;whH. ckH (uyp) mtHfSila

jhahhpd; xU jq;ifia - mjhtJ ck;K ]y;kh (uyp) mtHfis ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

kzKbj;jpUe;jhHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfSf;F gy rNfhju> rNfhjhpfs; ,Ue;jdH. mtHfspy; kpfTk; rpwg;GilatHfs; : i[j; kw;Wk;

/ghj;jpkh MfpNahHfshthHfs;. i[j; (uyp) mtHfSk;> ckH (uyp) mtHfSk; xU jfg;gdhUf;Fg; gpwe;j>

ntt;NtW jha;f;Fg; gpwe;j rNfhjuHfshthHfs;. ,Ug;gpDk;> me;j khWghLk;> NtWghLk; mwpahj xUjha;

kf;fshfNt ,UtUk; tsHe;jdH. mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSila Ml;rpapd; nghOJ ele;j akhkh Nghhpy; i[j;

(uyp) mtHfs; capHj;jpahfpahf Mdjd; gpd;G> rNfhjuid ,oe;j ckH (uyp) mtHfs; fLikahd

kdNtjidf;F MshdhHfs;. mjd; fhuzkhf> ''akhkh gFjpapypUe;J tPRfpd;w njd;wy; fhw;wpy; vdJ

rNfhjudpd; Rfe;jj;ij czHfpd;Nwd;""> vd;W mbf;fb $wf; $batHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;.

/ghj;jpkh (uyp) mtHfs; ckH (uyp) mtHfSld; gpwe;j rNfhjhpahthH. ,tH ]aPj; gpd; i[j; gpd; mk;H (uyp)

mtHfSf;F kzKbf;fg;gl;bUe;jhHfs;. ,tH jhd; ckH(uyp) mtHfs; ,];yhj;ijj; jd; tho;tpay; newpahf

Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F Kf;fpa fhuzfHj;jhfthf ,Ue;jhH.

ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; ikj;Jduhd ]aPj; (uyp) mtHfs; Fiw\pfspy; kpfTk; kjpf;fj;jf;f xUtuhfj;

jpfo;e;jhH. ,];yhj;jpd; ntspr;rg; Gs;spfs; kf;fhitj; jhprpf;Fk; Kd;gpypUe;Nj> ,tuJ je;ijahd i[j;

mtHfs; rpiy tzf;fj;ij ntWj;njhJf;fpatH> ,d;Dk; Xhpiwf; nfhs;ifapd; kPJ ek;gpf;if nfhz;bUe;jtH.

,tH rpwe;j GytUk; $l. mtuJ ghly; thpfs; mtuJ Xhpiwf; nfhs;ifia vLj;Njhjf; $baitahf

,Ue;jd :

ehd; xU flTis ek;Gfpd;Nwd;>

vd;dhy; Mapuk; flTs;fis ek;g KbahJ.

yhj;ijAk;> c];]hitAk; kwe;jtd; ehd;

QhdKs;s kw;Wk; mwpTs;s kdpjd; ,jid tpl NtW vjidr; nra;a KbAk;.

]aPj; (uyp) mtHfspd; je;ijahd i[j; mtHfs; Xhpiwf; nfhs;ifiag; gw;wp Ngrpajd; fhuzkhf> ckH(uyp)

mtHfspd; je;ijahd fj;jhg; mtHfs; i[j; mtHfisf; nfhiy nra;J tpl;lhHfs;. ,tH> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfspd; J}Jj;Jtg; gzpfs; Muk;gpf;F Kd;dNkNa nfhiy nra;ag;gl;L tpl;lhH. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

,];yhj;ij kf;fhtpy; gpur;rhuk; nra;a Muk;gpj;j me;j ehl;fspy;> jdJ je;ijiag; NghyNt jhDk; Xhpiwf;

Page 48: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

nfhs;ifia clNd cte;njLj;Jf; nfhz;ltH jhd; ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; ikj;Jduh ]aPj; (uyp) mtHfs;

vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

mwpahikf; fhyj;jpy; ckH

ckH (uyp) mtHfsJ Muk;gfhy tho;T mt;tsT rpwg;ghdjhf ,y;iy. rhjhuz> eLj;ju FLk;gkhfj; jhd;

mtuJ FLk;gk; ,Ue;jJ. mtH jdJ ,sikg; gUtj;ij ML> xl;lfk; Nka;g;gjpy; fopj;jhH. me;j Muk;g fhy

ehl;fspy; jhd; vt;tsT f\;lg;gl;Nld; vd;gij ckH (uyp) mtHfs; mbf;fb epidT $wf; $batuhf

,Ue;jhH. kf;fhtpd; Gwntspg;gFjpahfpa j[;dhd;> kf;fhit tpl;Lk; 10 iky; js;sp ,Ue;jJ. mq;F nfhz;L

Ngha;j; jhd; jdJ fhy;eilfis Nka;j;Jf; nfhz;L tUthH. fisg;Gld; cl;fhu NeUk; nghOJ> mtuJ

je;ij rhl;ilahy; ckiu mbj;J> cl;fhu tplhky;> fhy;eilfis Nka;f;fr; nrhy;thuhk;. ,e;j j[;dhd;

gFjpiaf; flf;Fk; nghOnjy;yhk;> ,e;j rk;gtj;ij epidT $wf; $batuhf ckH (uyp) mtHfs; ,Ue;jhHfs;.

md;iwf;F ehd; fisg;gile;J cl;fhUk; nghOnjy;yhk; vd;id vdJ je;ijahH rhl;ilahy; mbj;J vOg;gp

tpLthH. ,g;nghOJ fhyk; khwp tpl;lJ. vdJ ,iwtidj; jtpu NtW ahUk; vd;idf; fhg;ghw;wp tpl KbahJ

vd;W $Wthuhk;.

md;iwa fhyj;jpy; fy;tpAk;> vOj;jwpTk; kpfTk; mhpjhdJ. Mdhy; ckH(uyp) mtHfNsh> vOjTk; gbf;fTk;

fw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. md;iwa kf;fhtpy; vOjg;gbf;fj; njhpe;j kf;fs; 17 egHfNs ,Ue;jdH> mtHfspy;

xUtuhf ckH(uyp) mtHfs; jpfo;e;jhHfs;. md;iwa fhyg;gphpit Nehf;Fk; nghOJ ,JNt> xU kpfg; nghpa

rhjid jhd;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfSila jfg;gdhH> xUtUila guk;giuiaj; njhFj;J toq;Ftjpy; kpfTk; gpurpj;jp ngw;wtH.

je;ijahUila me;j jpwikapd; mbg;gilapy;> je;ijahhplk; Muk;gf; fy;tpiaf; fw;whH. ,d;Dk; Fiw\paHfspy;

xt;nthUtUila guk;giuiaAk; kpfTk; mwpe;jtuhfj; jpfo;e;jhH. ,d;Dk; mNugpahtpd; tuyhw;iwAk;

mwpe;jtuhfTk; jpfo;e;jhHfs;.

fl;Lk];jhd cly;thF nfhz;ltuhfj; jpfo;e;jhH. ntWq; fhYld; gy iky;fs; elf;ff; $batuhfTk;> rpwe;j

Xl;l ge;ja tPuuhfTk;> ky;Aj;j tPuuhfTk; jpfo;e;jhH. cfh]; re;ijapy; tUlh tUlk; jpUtpohtpy; elf;Fk;

ky;Aj;jg; Nghl;bfs; gytw;wpy; fye;J nfhz;L> ntw;wpg; ghpRfisAk; ngw;Ws;shH. ,jd; %yk; ky;Aj;jj;jpy;

mtH rpwg;Gg; Gyikiag; ngw;wpUe;jhH. ey;y Fjpiu Vw;w tPuH. vg;gbg;gl;l FjpiuiaAk; mlf;fp> mjid

yhtfkhf Xl;lf; $batH. mlf;fg;gl;l xLf;fg;gl;l kf;fSf;fhff; Fuy; nfhLf;ff; $batuhfTk; jpfo;e;jhH.

,d;Dk; gpur;idfspy; rhpahd jPHT nrhy;yf; $ba kj;jpa];juhfTk; jpfo;e;jhH. gy rkaq;fspy; Fiw\pfspd;

rhHghf> gy Nfhj;jpuj;jtHfSld; Ngr;RthHj;ijf;fhfg; gpujpepjpahfTk; nrd;Ws;shH.

mtiur; Rw;wpapUe;j ghiyg; ngUntspiag; NghyTk;> twz;l fw;ghiwf; Fd;Wfisg; NghyTk; mtH

fLikahdtuhfTk;> vjphpf;F vjphpahfTk;> ez;gDf;F ez;gdhfTk; jpfo;e;j NghjpYk;> vjphpaplk; fLikiaf;

fhl;lf; $batuhf ,Ue;jhH.Mdhy; ey;y ,jak; mthplk; fhzg;gl;lJ.

mtuJ ,sikf; fhyj;jpy; tpahghu epkpj;jkhf rphpah> <uhf;> vkd; Nghd;w gpuNjrq;fSf;Fr; nrd;w mDgtk;

nfhz;ltH. ntw;wpfukhd tpahghhpahfTk;> mjd; fhuzkhf mjpf yhgq;fisf; nfhz;L tuf; $batuhfTk;

jpfo;e;jhH. ckH (uyp) mtHfs; kf;fhit tpl;Lf; fpsk;Gk; nghOJ> Fiw\pfspy; ,Ue;j kpfg; nghpa

gzf;fhuHfspy; mtUk; xUtuhfj; jpfo;e;jhH vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

ckH (uyp) mtHfSf;F %d;W kidtpkhHfs; ,Ue;jdH. KjyhtJ kidtpapd; ngaH> fhPgh gpd;j; mgP cika;ah

my; kf;#kp. ,tH ckH (uyp) mtHfSila jha; topr; nrhe;jKilatH. ,tH md;iwa jpdk; kf;fhtpy; ,Ue;j

ngz;fspNyNa kpfTk; mofhdtH. ,uz;lhtJ kidtpapd; ngaH i[dg; gpd; kh]pAd;. ,tH ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfspd; Muk;g fhyj; Njhouhd cJkhd; gpd; kh]pAd; (uyp) mtHfspd; jq;ifahthH. ,tUf;F mg;Jy;yh

kw;Wk; `/g;]h vd;w ,uz;L Foe;ijfs; gpwe;jdH. %d;whtJ kidtpapd; ngaH kiyf;fh gpd;j; [hUy; my;

Fi]a;. ,tH ck;K Fy;J}k; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gl;lhHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfSk; ,];yhKk;

Page 49: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ J}Jj;Jtg; gzpia kf;fhtpy; Muk;gpj;j nghOJ> kf;fkh efuNk ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfSf;F vjpuhff; fpsk;gpaJ. ,e;j vjpHg;gpy; ,ize;J nfhz;l ckH mtHfs;> jdJ flTs;fis

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; J}Jj;Jtg; gpur;rhuk; mtkjpj;J tpl;ljhff; fUjpdhH. vdNt>

Fiw\pfsplkpUe;J vjpHg;Gfs; cUthd nghOJ> mjpy; Kd;dzpapy; ,Ue;J nray;gl Muk;gpj;jhH ckH

mtHfs;.

ckUk; ,d;Dk; rpy muGf;fSk; xU N[hjplf; fhudplk; nrd;W> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; J}Jj;Jtk;

Fwpj;J Fwp ghHj;Jr; nrhy;Yk;gb $wpdhHfs;. mtd; kpf ePz;l Neuk; thdj;ijg; ghHj;J tpl;L>

kdpjHfNs> K`k;kij ,iwtd; MrpHtjpj;Js;shd;

mtUila ,jaj;ijg; ghpRg;gLj;jpAk; cs;shd;

mtH cq;fSlNdNa ,Ug;ghH>

kdpjHfNs mJ kpf tpiutpy; ele;NjWk;..!

vd;W $wpdhd;. ,jidf; Nfl;l ckUk; kw;wtHfSk; me;j N[hjplf; fhuidj; jpl;b tpl;L te;jdH.

Yg;dh vd;gtH ckH (uyp) mtHfSila gzpg; ngz;zhthH. ,tH ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd;

,iwj;J}Jj;Jtj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,e;jr; nra;jp ckUf;Ff; fpl;ba NghJ> ,];yhj;ijf; iftpl;L

tpl;L kPz;Lk; jha; kjj;Jf;F te;J tpLk;gb ckH mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;. Mdhy; Yg;dh (uyp) mtHfNsh>

,];yhj;ijf; iftpLtjhf ,y;iy. vdNt> jpdk; jpdk; ckH mtHfs; Yg;dh (uyp) mtHfis fisg;gilAk;

kl;Lk; mbf;fj; Jtq;fpdhH. Mdhy; ,];yhj;ij iftpl;L tplhj me;j mk;ikahH> ,d;Dk; cWjpahf

,];yhj;ijf; filgpbf;f Muk;gpj;jhH.

ck;K mg;Jy;yh gpd;j; fjkh (uyp) mtHfs; ckH (uyp) mtHfSf;F cwT Kiw cs;stH. ,tH ,];yhj;ijj;

jdJ tho;tpay; newpahf Vw;Wf; nfhz;ltH. ,tH ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lJ> ckH f;F kpfTk; rpdj;ij

cz;L gz;zpaJ.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; cj;juTg;gb ,tUk; ,tuJ fztUkhd mk;H gpd; ugPM (uyp) mtHfSk;

mgPrPdpahtpw;F `p[;uj; nra;J fpsk;Gtjw;fhfj; jahuhf ,Ue;jdH. mg;nghOJ ck;K mg;Jy;yh (uyp)

mtHfisf; fhzr; nrd;w ckH mtHfs;>

ePq;fSkh mgprPdpah nry;fpd;wPHfs;? vd;W Nfl;lhH.

Mk;! cq;fshy; ,e;j kf;fh tho;f;if vq;fSf;F kpfTk; fbdkhfp tpl;lJ. capH tho;tNj ,ayhj epiy

Vw;gl;L tpl;ljhy;> ehq;fs; Gwg;glj; jahuhfp tpl;Nlhk; vd;W ck;K mg;Jy;yh (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;.

clNd ckH mtHfs;>

ck;K mg;Jy;yhNt! ,iwtd; cq;fisg; ghJfhf;fl;Lk;..! ey;ygbahfr; nrd;W thUq;fs;..! vd;W gphpahtpil

nfhLj;jhH.

fLikahd vjpHg;G tUk; vd;W vz;zpa ck;K mg;Jy;yh (uyp) mtHfs;> ckH d; thapypUe;J ,g;gb xU

thHj;ij te;jijapl;L> vd;whtJ xUehs; cq;fsplKk; ,e;j khw;wk; epfOk;> mg;nghOJ ePq;fSk; ,e;j

khHf;fj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;sj; jhd; Nghfpd;wPHfs; vd;W kdjpw;Fs; vz;zpf; nfhz;lhH.

xU ehs; ckH mtHfs; f/ghtpd; mUfpy; nrd;W nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; f/ghtpy;

,Ue;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jpUkiwf; FHMdpy; ,Ue;J rpy thpfis Xjpf;

nfhz;bUe;jij ckH mtHfs; nrtpkLj;jhHfs;.

'',J ,iwtdplkpUe;J mUsg;gl;l NtjkhFk;.

,J ftpQdpd; thHj;ijAky;y

,Ue;Jk; ,e;j kf;fs; ek;gpf;if nfhs;tjpy;iy"".

ckH mtHfs; me;j trdj;ijr; nrtp kLj;J tpl;L> X..! ,J epr;rakhf ftpQdpd; thHj;ij jhd; vd;W

vz;zpf; nfhz;lhH.

gpd;G trdk; njhlHe;jJ> X..! ,J epr;rakhf N[hjpldpd; thHj;ijjhd; vd;W vz;zpdhH.

Page 50: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

'',J ve;j N[hjpldpd; thHj;ijAky;y>

,J (,iwtdplkpUe;J) [pg;hPy; (miy) %ykhf mUsg;gl;lJ""

vd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) Xjp Kbj;jhHfs;.

,e;j trdj;ijf; Nfl;l ckH mtHfs; rw;W epjhdkhfr; rpe;jpf;f Muk;gpj;J> rw;W Neuk; mq;NfNa epd;W

tpl;lhHfs;. mg;nghOJ Kjy;> K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfsplk; rj;jpak; ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;W vz;zq; nfhs;s

Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

,e;j vz;zk; kpf ePz;l Neuk; ePbf;ftpy;iy. me;j vz;zj;ijj; Jilj;njwpe;J tpl;L> kPz;Lk; ,];yhj;ij

vjpHg;gjpy; Kk;Kwk; fhl;l Muk;gpj;jhH. ,];yhj;jpw;F vjpuhf Fiw\pfs; elj;jpa rjp MNyhridf;

$l;lq;fSf;Fr; nrd;W tu Muk;gpj;jhH.

mg;nghOJ> ,];yhk; vd;w tp\k; Fiw\pfSf;Fs; kpf Ntfkhfg; gutp tUfpd;wJ> ,e;j tp\j;ij Kwpabf;f

Ntz;Lkhdhy;> mJ ntsptUk; thriy milj;jhf Ntz;Lk;> mjw;F xNu top K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfisf;

nfhy;y Ntz;Lk; vd;W me;j rjp MNyhridapy; KbthfpaJ.

ehNd mtiuf; nfhiy nra;a Kd; tUfpd;Nwd;> vd;W Kd; te;j ckH mtHfs;> ,jd; %yk; vdJ

%jhijaHfspd; khHf;fj;jpw;F NeHe;j fsq;fj;ijj; Jilf;fg; Nghfpd;Nwd; vd;W #Siuj;jhHfs;.

jh`h

xUehs; (fp.gp.616) fLikahd Nfhilapd; cr;rp ntapy;. me;jg; ghiy ntapypy; cf;fpuj;ij tpl ckH - d;

cs;sj;jpy; xU vhpkiy ntbj;Jf; fpsk;gpf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. jdJ cil this vLj;Jf; nfhz;L tPl;il

tpl;L ntspNawpa ckH mtHfs;> K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfisf; nfhiy nra;J tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;w nfhiy ntwp

mtuJ cs;sj;jpy; neUg;gha; G+j;Jf; FYq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.

mtH nrd;W nfhz;bUe;j njU topahf> mtuJ ez;gH EIk; gpd; mg;Jy;yh (uyp) mtHfs; tUfpd;whHfs;. ,tH

,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lij ckH mwpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy.

ckiur; re;jpj;j EIk; (uyp) mtHfs;> ckhpd; Kfj;jpy; njwpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j Nfhgf; fdiyg; ghHj;J tpl;L>

vd;d ckNu..! vq;Nf ,t;tsT Ntfk;..!

K`k;kijf; nfhd;W tpl;L> f/ghtpy; cs;s ekJ flTs;fSf;F Vw;gl;l mtkhdj;ijj; Jilf;fg; Nghfpd;Nwd;>

vd;whH ckH gjpYf;F..!

ckNu..! vr;rhpf;if..! K`k;kij ePH nfhiy nra;jhy;> gD} `h]pk; Nfhj;jpuj;jhhpd; nfhba Nfhgg;

ghHitf;F ePH Mshf NehpLk;> [hf;fpuij..! ck;Kila ed;ikf;fhfj; jhd; ehd; nrhy;fpd;Nwd;> Nfl;Lf;

nfhs;tPuhf..! vd;whH> EIk; (uyp) mtHfs;.

ePH nrhy;tijg; ghHj;jhy; ePUk; K];ypkhfp tpl;lJ Nghyy;yth njhpfpd;wJ vd;whH ckH mtHfs;>

ehd; K];ypkhtJ> MfhjJ...! ,Uf;fl;Lk;. vd;idg; gw;wp ePH ftiyg;gl Ntz;lhk;. ePH ckJ rNfhjhpiaAk;>

ckJ ikj;JdiuAk; Ngha; ghH..! mtHfs; Vw;fdNt K];ypk;fshfp tpl;lhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ mtHfs;

jpUkiwf;FHMid thrpj;Jf; nfhz;L $l ,Uf;fyhk;> mtHfisg; Ngha; ftdpAk; vd;whH EIk; (uyp) mtHfs;.

vd;d..? vdJ rNfhjhpAk;> ikj;JdUk; K];ypk;fshfp tpl;lhHfsh? vd;W ciwe;J Ngha; epd;w ckH mtHfs;>

K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfis Nehf;fpr; nrd;w jdJ gazj;ij khw;wp> jdJ jq;if /ghj;jpkhitAk;> mtuJ

fztH ]aPj; gpd; i[j; (uyp) mtHfspd; tPL Nehf;fpr; nrd;whHfs;. ckH jdJ jq;ifahd /ghj;jpkhtpd; kPJ

msT fle;j ghrk; itj;jpUe;jhHfs;. jdJ jq;ifAk;> jq;ifapd; fztUk; ,];yhj;jpy; NrHe;J tpl;lij>

fdtpYk; vz;zpg; ghHj;jpUf;ftpy;iy. ,e;jr; nra;jpapy; cz;ikapUf;fhJ. ,jid ehd; ek;g khl;Nld;>

vdpDk; ,e;jr;nra;jpia cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W mtuJ kdk; miy gha;e;J nfhz;bUe;jJ.

ckH mtHfs; jdJ jq;ifapd; tPl;L thriy mile;j nghOJ> mq;Nf mtuJ jq;if /ghj;jpkh (uyp)

mtHfSk;> mtuJ fztH ]aPj; gpd; i[j; (uyp) mtHfSk; FHMdpy; ,Ue;J rpy trdq;fis Xjpf;

nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. rNfhjuidg; ghHj;J tpl;l /ghj;jpkh (uyp) mtHfs;> jdJ ifapypUe;J FHMd;

vOjg;gl;bUe;j Xiyia kiwj;J tpl;L> mz;zid tuNtw;gjw;fhf vOe;jhH> Gd;difAld; ckiu tuNtw;whH.

Page 51: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

Mdhy; ckUila Kfj;jpNyh ,Us; kz;bf; fple;jJ.

vjid thrpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jPHfs;..! ckH Nfl;lhH.

xd;Wkpy;iy..! /ghj;jpkh (uyp) mtHfsplkpUe;J gjpyhf te;jJ.

jdJ ikj;Jdhpd; rl;ilapd; fOj;Jg; gFjpia ,Wf;fpg;gpbj;j ckH> ckJ %jhijaHfsJ khHf;fj;ij

ntWj;J tpl;BHfNsh..! vd;whH.

ehq;fs; rj;jpaj;jpw;fhf mrj;jpaj;ijj; J}u vwpe;Njhk; vd;whH mQ;rhj Fuypy; ]aPj; (uyp) mtHfs;.

,e;j thHj;ijiaf; Nfl;l ckH d; fz;fspy; Nfhgf; fdy; njwpj;jJ> ikj;Jdiu ieag; Gilf;f Muk;gpj;jhH.

jdJ fztiu tpLtpg;gjw;fhf ,ilapy; GFe;j /ghj;jpkh (uyp) mtHfs;>

ckNu..! vdJ fztiu tpl;L tpLk;..!

ePH vd;d $w te;jPNuh mjid vd;dplNk $Wq;fs;> mjid tpl;L tpl;L vdJ fztH kPJ if itg;gJ

rhpapy;iy..! vd;W jdJ rNfhjuiu vr;rhpj;jhH /ghj;jpkh (uyp) mtHfs;.

ePq;fs; K];ypk;fshfp tpl;BHfshNk..! cz;ikah?

Mk;..! ehq;fs; K];ypk;fshfp tpl;Nlhk;.

,jw;fhf ePH vq;fisf; nfhiy nra;a te;jpUg;gPnud;why;> vq;fisf; nfhd;W tpLq;fs;. cq;fsJ

kpul;lYf;nfy;yhk; gae;J ,];yhj;ij ehq;fs; tpl;L tpl khl;Nlhk; vd;W cWjpahff; $wpdhH.

,g;nghOJ ckH rw;W epjhdj;jpw;F te;jtuha;..! rhp..! ePq;fs; thrpj;j me;j Xiyia vd;dplk; fhz;gpf;ff;

$lhjh? ehd; ghHf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;whH.

ePq;fs; J}a;ikahdtuhf MFk; tiuf;Fk;> ,e;j Gdpjf;FHMid ePq;fs; njhl KbahJ. Kjypy; nrd;W

cq;fsJ fuq;fisf; fOtpf; nfhz;L thUq;fs; vd;whH /ghj;jpkh (uyp) mtHfs;.

ifiaf; fOtp tpl;L jpUk;gpa ckhplk;> me;jj; jpUkiwapd; ghfq;fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;ld. mjd; gf;fq;fs; ,t;thW

Muk;gkhfpd. ckH thrpf;f Muk;gpj;jhH :

jh`h.

(egpNa!) ePH Jd;gg;gLtjw;fhf ehk; ,e;j FHMid ck;kPJ ,wf;ftpy;iy.

(my;yh`;Tf;F) mQ;RNthUf;F ey;YgNjrNk md;wp (Ntwpy;iy).

G+kpiaAk;> caHthd thdq;fisAk; gilj;jtdplkpUe;J mJ ,wf;fp mUsg; ngw;wJ.

mHu`;khd; mH\pd; kPJ mike;jhd;.

thdq;fspYs;sitAk;> G+kpapYs;sitAk;> ,t;tpuz;bw;Fk; ,ilNa cs;sitAk;> kz;Zf;F mbapy;

cs;sitAk; mtDf;Nf chpad.

(egpNa!) ePH cuf;fr; nrhd;dhYk; epr;rakhf mtd; ,ufrpaj;ijAk; (mij tpl) kiwthdijAk;

mwpfpwhd;. my;yh`; - mtidj; jtpu tzf;fj;jpw;Fhpa ehad; Ntwpy;iy.

mtDf;F mofpa jpUehkq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. (jh`h : 1-8)

jpUk;gp.. jpUk;gp..! Xjpf; nfhz;nl ,Ue;jhH. ,e;j trdq;fs; vd;id Nehf;fp ciuahLtJ Nghyy;yth

,Uf;fpd;wJ. ckH vd;w ,e;j jdpg;gl;l kdpjid Nehf;fp my;yth ,jd; trdq;fs; ciuahLfpd;wd. vd;d

mw;Gjk;. jh`h vd;w ngaH $l vd;id Nehf;fp tpspg;gjhfNt czHfpd;NwNd..!

rj;jpaj;jpd; jhf;Fjyhy; mrj;jpaj;jpd; fjTfs; jdJ ,jajj;jpy; %L tpoh elj;jpf; nfhz;bUg;gij czu

Muk;gpj;jhH. rw;W epiyFiye;j epiyapy;...! ckNu..! ePH vt;tsT ehl;fs; jhd; rj;jpaj;jpd; ntspr;rg;

ghijia tpl;L tpl;L> mrj;jpaj;jpd; me;jfhu ,Uspy; jtpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fg; Nghfpd;wha; vd;w Nfs;tpiaj;

jdf;Fj;jhNd Nfl;Lf; nfhs;s Muk;gpj;j ckH mtHfsplk;> ,d;Dk; rj;jpaj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;s ckf;F Neuk;

tutpy;iyah? vd;W mtuJ cs;kdk; MHg;ghpf;f Muk;gpj;jJ.

Gayha; te;j Nfhgk; njd;wyhff; fiwiaf; fle;jJ.

Page 52: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,dp xU fzKk; ehd; jhkjpf;fg; Nghtjpy;iy...!

rj;jpaj;jpd; RtLfis ehd; jhprpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

jdJ jq;ifapd; gf;fKk;> ikj;Jdhpd; gf;fKk; jpUk;gpa ckH>

,];yhj;jpd; guk tpNuhjpahf ,q;Nf Eioe;jtd;...!

,g;nghOJ>

,];yhj;jpd; cw;w ez;gdhf cq;fs; Kd; epw;fpNwd;.

vdJ ifapy; ,Uf;Fk; ,e;j cilths;

K`k;kjpd; fOj;ijj; Jz;bf;fj; jahuhdJ.

vd;d khw;wk;..!

me;j K`k;kjpd; fuq;fshy; ehd;

rj;jpaj;jpw;Fr; rhd;W gfur; nrd;W nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwd;> vd;whH ckH.

czHr;rpapd; tpopk;gpy;> cuj;J Koq;fpdhH...! my;yh`{ mf;gH..! vd;W /ghj;jpkh mtHfs;.

Mk;..! gilj;jtdpd; tpjpapd; vOj;Jf;fs; ,y;yhjpUe;jhy;> ntspr;rg; Gs;spfs; $l gyUf;F ,Ul;Lyfkhfj;

jhNd Mfp tpLk;.

tpl;by; G+r;rpaha; vhpneUg;gpy; tpof; fhj;jpUe;j rNfhjuDf;F> tpbaiyf; fhl;LtJ> ,iwtidad;wp NtW ahuhy;

KbAk;..! cuj;J Koq;fpdhH. ,iwth! eP kpfg; nghpatd;..! my;yh`{ mf;gH.

,jid my;yhkh ,f;ghy; mtHfs; jdJ ftpijj; njhFjpahd> ''cq;fspd; ufrpaq;fs;"" vd;Dk; E}ypy;

rNfhjhpfSf;F ,t;thW mwpTiu toq;Ffpd;whHfs; :-

X..! ,];yhkpag; ngz;fNs..!

me;jp khiyg; nghOjpy;

mjpfhiyr; #hpaidg; gpurtpAq;fs;..!

cz;ik mbahHfNs..!

jpUkiwia XJq;fs;..!

mjd; mHj;jq;fSf;F

nray; tbtk; nfhLq;fs;.

njhpAkh cq;fSf;F..!?

ckhpd; tpjpia khw;wpaNj - me;jj;

jpUkiwapd; thrpg;GjhNd..!

,];yhj;jpid Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sjy;

ckH my; /gh&f;

jdJ rNfhjhpapd; tPl;by; ele;j rk;gtj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dhy; Vw;gl;l cs khw;wj;jpw;Fg; gpd;G> ckH (uyp) mtHfs;

Neuhf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jq;fpapUe;j ]/gh Fd;wpid Nehf;fp> mjhtJ jhUy; mHf;fk; Nehf;fp elf;f

Muk;gpj;jhH.

jhUy; mHf;fj;jpd; thrypy; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; epd;W nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs;.

fjitj; jl;Lfpd;whHfs;.

te;jpUg;gJ ahH? cs;spUe;J xU Fuy; Nfl;lJ.

Page 53: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

ehd; jhd; ckH ,g;D my; fj;jhg;..!

fjtpd; ,Lf;F topahfg; ghHj;j me;j ghJfhtyH> ckH jdJ this ,Lg;gpy; cs;s ciwapy; nrWfp itj;J>

epd;W nfhz;bUg;gijf; fhz;fpd;whH. vdNt> mtH fjitj; jpwg;gjw;F rw;W mr;rg;gl;L epd;W nfhz;bUe;jhH.

,g;nghOJ ghJfhtyiu Nehf;fp `k;]h (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;> fjitj; jpwe;J tpLq;fs;> mtH

rkhjhdj;jpd; ghy; te;jpUe;jhy; vd;why; mtuJ tuT ey;tuthf ,Uf;fl;Lk;. mJty;yhky;> VjhtJ

rq;flq;fis Vw;gLj;j te;jhy;> mtiuj; jLj;J epWj;Jtjw;Fg; Nghjpa gyj;JlNdNa ehk; ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;W

$wpdhH.

,g;nghOJ ckH mtHfs; jhUy; mHf;fj;jpDs; mDkjpf;fg;gl;L tpl;lhH. `k;]h (uyp) mtHfs; ckH d;

fOj;Jr; rl;iliag; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;ltuhf> ''ckNu..! vjw;fhf ,q;F te;jPH? ePq;fs; ,q;F tu Ntz;ba

mtrpankd;d?""> ,e;j rk;gh\id ele;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghONj> mq;fpUe;j K];ypk;fs; midtUk; jq;fsJ

thl;fis jahuhf jq;fsJ ifg;gpbf;Fs; mOj;jpg; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L> ve;j #o;epiyiaAk; rkhspg;gjw;Fj;

jahuhf ,Ue;jhHfs;.

mq;Nf ele;J nfhz;bUe;j rk;gh\idfs; kw;Wk; fytur; #o;epiyia gf;fj;J miwapy; ,Ue;J nrtpkLj;Jf;

nfz;bUe;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> ''mtiu tpl;L tpLq;fs;> vd; Kd;G mtiu tu tpLq;fs;""> vd;W

$wpdhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis Kd;Ndhf;fp te;j ckiug; ghHj;J> ckNu..! rj;jpaj;jpd; ntspr;rg; Gs;spfs;

tpbaiyf; fhz;gpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ> mwpahikf;fhy ,Ul;bNyNa vt;tsT fhyk; jhd; ,Ue;J

nfhz;bUg;gPHfs;?

epr;rakhf> rj;jpaj;ij fhZk; Neuk; te;J tpl;lJ. ehd; rj;jpaj;jpw;Fr; rhd;W gfuNt ,q;F te;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;>

vd;W ckH mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ fuq;fis ckiu Nehf;fp ePl;bdhHfs;. ckUk; jdJ fuq;fis ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfspd; jpUf;fuq;fspy; itj;J> ''tzf;fj;jpw;Fhpa ,iwtdhd my;yh`;itj; jtpu NtW ,iwtd;

,y;iy"" vd;W rj;jpaj;jpw;Fr; rhd;W gfHe;jhHfs;. ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; ,];yhj;jpid jdJ tho;tpay; Vw;Wf; nfhz;lij mLj;J> mq;F $bapUe;j egpj;NjhoHfs;

midtUk; cw;rhf kpFjpahy;> my;yh`{ mf;gH> my;yh`; kpfg; nghpatd; vd;W Fuy; vOg;gpdhHfs;.

xt;nthUtuhf te;J ckH (uyp) mtHfisf; fl;bj; jOtp jq;fsJ re;Njh\j;ij ntspg;gLj;jpdhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ kf;fhtpy; ,];yhj;ijj; jOtpaHfspd; vz;zpf;ifapy; xd;W $b> vz;zpf;if ehw;gijj; njhl;lJ.

md;iwa jpdk; thdtH J}jH [pg;hPy; (miy) mtHfs; $l> ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; ,];yhkpag; gpuNtrj;jpw;fhf

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; tho;j;Jj; njhptpj;jhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNs..! ckhpd; ,];yhkpag; gpuNtrk; fhuzkhf thd kz;lyj;jpy; cs;NshH midtUk;

re;Njh\kile;Js;shHfs;> ,e;j ew;nra;jpia ckUf;Fk; njhptpj;J tpLq;fs; vd;W> [pg;hPy; (miy) mtHfs;

$wpdhHfs;.

,];yhj;jpidj; jdJ tho;tpay; newpahf Vw;Wf; nfhz;lgpd;> mjid kiwj;J itf;f tpUk;ghj ckH (uyp)

mtHfs;> jdJ khw;wj;ij kf;fhtpd; xt;nthU gFjpf;Fk; nrd;W njhptpj;j tz;zk; ,Ue;jhHfs;. mtH jdJ

jha; top khkhthd mG+ [`;y; lk; nrd;W> mtdJ tPl;Lf; fjitj; jl;bdhHfs;.

ahuJ? cs;spUe;J nfhz;L mG+[`;y; Nfl;lhd;.

ehd; jhd; ckH te;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;> vd;w ckhpd; rg;jj;ijf; Nfl;lTld;> mG+[`;y; jdJ tPl;Lf; fjitj;

jpwe;jhd;.

thUq;fs;> kUkfdhNu..! vd;d tp\ak;?

cq;fSf;Fj; njhpAkh? ehd; K];ypkhfp tpl;Nld;..! vd;W ckH (uyp) mtHfs; $wTk;> mG+[`;y; $wpdhd; :

mg;gbf; $whNj..! cq;fisg; Nghd;w njhiyNehf;Fg; ghHit cs;stHfs; vd;iwf;Fk; K];ypkhf khl;lhHfs;.

ckH gjpy; $wpdhH>

,y;iy..! ehd; ,];yhj;jpid Vw;Wf; nfhz;L tpl;Nld; vd;gJ rj;jpakhdJ. ,jidf; Nfl;l mG+[`;y;>

Page 54: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

ePH nrhy;tJ cz;ikahf ,Uf;Fnkd;why;> ckf;F ehrk; cz;lhfl;Lk; vd;W $wp tpl;L> jdJ tPl;Lf; fjit

,Oj;Jr; rhj;jp tpl;L> ckhpd; Kfj;jpy; miwe;jJ Nghy; tPl;bDs; nrd;W tpl;lhd;.

mG+[`iy mLj;J> kf;fhtpd; Vida Kf;fpag; gpuKfHfisr; re;jpf;f ckH (uyp) mtHfs; Gwg;gl;lhHfs;.

mtHfs; midthplKk; jhd; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;L tpl;ljhff; $wpdhHfs;. mG+[`iyg; NghyNt> mtHfs;

midtUk; ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; kPJ ehrk; cz;lhfl;Lk; vd;W rhgkpl;lNjhL> jq;fs; tPl;Lf; fjTfis

,Oj;J milj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ ckH (uyp) mtHfs; f/ghit Nehf;fpr; nry;yyhdhHfs;. mq;Nf ,];yhj;jpidg; gw;wpa

mtJ}Wfisg; gug;gpf; nfhz;L> mjpy; re;Njh\kile;J jphpAk;> [kPy; gpd; khkH my; [kh`p vd;gtidf;

fz;lhHfs;. mtdplKk; jhd; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;L tpl;ljhf> ckH (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;. ,jidf;

Nfl;l [kPy; cuj;j FunyLj;J> moj; njhlq;fpaNjhly;yhky;> mtd; $wpdhd; :

Fiw\pfNsh thUq;fs;..! ckH nra;jijg; ghHj;jPHfsh> mtH ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;L tpl;lhuhk;>

ek;Kila Kd;NdhHfspd; khHf;fj;ij tpl;L tpl;L NtnwhU nfhs;ifia Vw;Wf; nfhz;L tpl;lhuhk;> vd;W

FunyLj;Jf; fj;j Muk;gpj;jhd;.

,jidf; Nfl;l kf;fhtpd; ,isQHfs;> f/ghit Nehf;fp tpiuayhdhHfs;> mq;Nf rpwpa $l;lKk; Nruyhapw;W.

,jidf; Nfl;l ckH (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; :

[kPy; nrhy;tjpy; cz;ik ,y;iy. ehd; ek;Kila Kd;NdhHfis kWj;njhJf;ftpy;iy> Mdhy; rj;jpaj;ijf;

fz;L nfhz;Nld;> ,];yhj;jpid Vw;Wf; nfhz;Nld; vd;W $wpdhHfs;. ,jidf; Nfl;l kf;fhtpd; ,isQHfs;

gl;lhsk; ckH (uyp) mtHfisj; jhf;Fk; Nehf;fj;Jld; mtiu Nehf;fp tpiue;jhHfs;.

me;j topahf vkdp cilazpe;J nrd;W nfhz;bUe;j my; M]; gpd; tyP vd;gtH> ,q;F vd;d ele;J

nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ vd;W Nfl;lhH. mjw;F me;j ,isQHfs;> ckH ek;Kila Kd;NdhHfspd; khHf;fj;ijg;

gopj;J tpl;L> Gjpa khHf;fj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;L tpl;lhH. mjw;F jz;lid toq;fj; jhd; ehq;fs; tpiue;J

nrd;W nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;W $wpdhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ> me;j egH mtHfisg; ghHj;J>

''xU kdpjH jhd; NjHe;njLj;Jf; nfhz;l khHf;fj;ij Vw;Wg; gpd;gw;Wtjw;Fr; Rje;jpuk; ngw;wtuhthH.

mjw;fhfth mtiuj; jz;bf;fr; nry;fpd;wPHfs;? ,g;nghOJ me;j topahf mG+[`;Yk; te;J nfhz;bUe;jhd;.

Fiu\pfspd; ,isQH gl;lhsj;ijg; ghHj;j mtd; $wpdhd;>

vd;Dila kUkfdhd ckiug; ghJfhf;f ehd; nghWg;Ngw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd; vd;W $wpdhd;.

khkdhNu..! cq;fsJ ghJfhg;G vdf;Fj; Njitapy;iy. vd;idg; ghJfhf;f my;yh`;Tk;> mtdhy; mDg;gp

itf;fg;gl;l J}jH (]y;) mtHfSNk NghJkhdtHfs; vd;W $wpdhH ckH (uyp) mtHfs;.

,g;nghOJ ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; nrd;W> jhd; ,];yhj;jpid Vw;Wf; nfhz;L

tpl;ljhf nghJkf;fs; Kd;dpiyapy; mwptpj;J tpl;L te;J tpl;ljhff; $wpdhHfs;. ,Jehs; tiu Fiw\pfspd;

td;nfhLikfSf;Fg; gae;J> ,];yhj;jpidj; jOTgtHfs; jq;fsJ ek;gpf;ifia kiwj;Nj itj;jpUe;jhHfs;.

,d;Dk; kpfTk; kiwthfNt jq;fsJ njhOiffis epiwNtw;wp te;jhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ> kf;fspd; ,e;j

epiyiaf; fz;Zw;w ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> J}jH (]y;) mtHfNs :

ehk; rj;jpaj;ijj; jhNd gpd;gw;wpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;? ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; gjpy; $wpdhHfs; :

mjpnyd;d re;Njfk;> ehk; rj;jpaj;ijj; jhd; gpd;gw;wpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;.

gpd; ehk; Vd; ntspg;gilahfj; njhof; $lhJ? rj;jpaj;jpw;Fr; rhd;W gfHe;jpUg;gij ntspg;gilahff; $Wk;

Neuk; ,d;Dk; ekf;F tutpy;iyah? vd;W ckH (uyp) mtHfs; Nfl;fyhdhHfs;.

,];yhj;ij ntspg;gilahfg; gpur;rhuk; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;w ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; Nfhhpf;ifia ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. mLj;j ehs; K];ypk;fs; midtUk; jhUy; mHf;fj;ij tpl;Lk; ntspNa

te;J> kf;fhit Nehf;fp ,uz;L thpirfspy; mzptFj;Jr; nry;yydhHfs;. xU mzpf;F ckH (uyp) mtHfSk;>

,d;ndhU mzpf;F `k;]h (uyp) mtHfSk; topelj;jpr; nry;yydhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ K];ypk;fs; f/ghtpy; kpfTk;

ntspg;gilahf epd;W njhoyhdhHfs;. K];ypk;fs; njhOtij Rw;wp epd;W nfhz;L Fiw\pfs; ghHf;fyhdhHfs;>

,d;Dk; epr;rakhf ckH mtHfs; ,];yhj;jpid Vw;Wf; nfhz;ljd; %ykhf> ,e;j K];ypk;fs; ekf;F vjpuhf

gopjPHj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;whHfs; vd;W $wpf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;.

Page 55: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

K];ypk;fs; Kjd;Kjyhf> f/ghtpy; njhOJ Kbj;jTld;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ckH (uyp) mtHfSf;F

my; /gh&f; vd;w Gidg; ngaiu toq;fpdhHfs;> ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; ,e;j J}a vz;zj;jpd; fhuzkhfTk;>

mtuJ Kaw;rpapd; fhuzkhf> ,];yhj;jpid ntspg;gilahf mwptpf;Fk; ehs; te;jJ.

kf;fhtpypUe;J kjPdhtpw;F

fp.gp. 622 y; K];ypk;fSf;nfjpuhd mlf;FKiwfs; cr;r fl;lj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W tpl;l nghOJ> K];ypk;fis

kf;fhtpypUe;J kjPdhit Nehf;fp `p[;uj; - ehL Jwe;J nry;y mDkjpj;J tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfs; KbT nra;J tpl;lhHfs;. vdNt> mjd;gb FO FOthf K];ypk;fs; kf;fhit tpl;Lk; ntspNawp

kjPdhit Nehf;fpr; nry;yyhdhHfs;.

mG+ ]ykh gpd; m\hy; (uyp) mtHfs; jhd; Kjd; Kjypy; kf;fhtpypUe;J kjPdhtpw;F `p[;uj; nra;J

nrd;wtHfshthHfs;. mtHfisj; njhlHe;J> gpyhy; (uyp)> mk;khH (uyp)> ah]pH (uyp) Nghd;wtHfs;

ntspNawpdhHfs;. mjd; gpd; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; kf;fhtpypUe;J ntspNawp kjPdhtpw;Fg; gazkhdhHfs;.

NkNy ehk; Fwpg;gpl;ltHfSk;> ,d;Dk; VidNahHfSk; kpfTk; ufrpakhf> Fiw\pfs; mwpahj tz;zk;

kjPdhtpw;Fg; gazg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;j rkaj;jpy;> ckH (uyp) mtHfNsh kpfTk; gfpuq;fkhf mwptpg;Gr; nra;J

tpl;L> cq;fspy; vtUf;fhtJ JzpT ,Uf;Fk;gl;rj;jpy; vd;idj; jLj;J epWj;jpg; ghUq;fs;> vd;W rthy; tpl;l

tz;zk; kf;fhit tpl;L ntspNawpdhHfs;. ckH (uyp) mtHfSld; gyg;ghPl;ir nra;tjw;F mq;Fs;s

Fiw\pfs; vtUf;Fk; JzpT gpwf;ftpy;iy> mtiuj; jLf;Fk; Jzptpd;wpAk;> mtuJ rthiy Vw;Wf;

nfhs;tjw;Fk; vtUk; Kd;tutpy;iy.

,g;D mrhfPH vd;w tuyhw;W Ma;thshhpd; $w;Wg;gb> ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; `p[;uj;ij ,t;thW

tpthpf;fpd;whHfs; :

ufrpakhf `p[;uj; nra;jtHfisj; jhd; ehd; ghHj;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;> Mdhy; ckH (uyp) mtHfisj; jtpu>

gfpuq;fkhf `p[;uj; nra;J nrd;wnjhU kdpjiu ehd; ghHj;jjpy;iy. mtH `p[;uj; nra;tJ vd;w

KbntLj;jTld;> jdJ this jdJ ,Lg;gpy; njhq;f tpl;Lf; nfhz;L> tpy;iyAk; njhq;f tpl;Lf; nfhz;L>

mjpy; mk;igAk; G+l;b NeNu f/ghTf;Fr; nrd;whH. mq;F cl;fhHe;jpUe;j Fiw\pfSf;F Kd;ghfNt f/ghit

VO Kiw tyk; te;jhH. ,g;wh`Pk; (miy) mtHfs; epd;w ,lkhd kfhNk ,g;wh`Pkpy; ,uz;L uf;mj;

njhOjhH> gpd; mq;F mkHe;jpUe;j Fiw\pfspy; xt;nthUthplKk; nrd;W> kf;fhtpd; ntspg;Gwg;gFjpf;F te;J

ehd; nry;tij cq;fspy; vtuhtJ jLj;Jg; ghHf;fl;Lk;> mj;jifatdpd; Kfk; GOjp gbal;Lkhf..! mtdJ

jha; mtid ,og;ghshf> mtdJ Foe;ijfs; mehijahf;fg;gl;Lk;> mtsJ kidtp tpijahfTk;

Mf;fg;gLtshf..! vd;W $wpdhHfs;. Mdhy;> vtUk; mtiuj; jLf;Fk; rf;jp ngw;wpUf;ftpy;iy. Kd;tuTkpy;iy.

]`P`; GfhhPapd; $w;Wg;gb> 20 K];ypk;fs; ckH (uyp) mtHfisj; njhlHe;J kjPdhtpw;F gazkhdhHfs;. ckH

(uyp) mtHfspd; rNfhjuH i]j; gpd; fj;jhg; (uyp)> i]j; gpd; i[j; (uyp)> `/g;]h (uyp) mtHfspd; fztUk;>

ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; kUkfDkhf `{id]; gd; `{ijgh (uyp) MfpNahHfSk; ,e;jf; FOtpy; mlq;FtH.

,d;Dk; mg;H gpd; Rufh (uyp) mg;Jy;yh gpd; Rufh (uyp) tfPj; gpd; mg;Jy;yh jkPkP (uyp)> ft;yh gpd; mgP

ft;yh (uyp)> khypf; gpd; mgP fy;yh (uyp) ma;ah\; gpd; GifH (uyp)> mfpy; gpd; GifH (uyp)> mkPH gpd; GifH

(uyp) kw;Wk; fhypj; gpd; GifH (uyp) MfpNahUk; ,e;jf; FOtpdUld; nrd;wtHfshthHfs;.

ma;ah\; gpd; mG+ uhgPM my; kf;#kP (uyp) kw;Wk; `p]hk; gpd; my; M]; gpd; thapy; my; r`;kp (uyp) MfpNahUk;

ckH (uyp) mtHfSld; kjPdhtpw;Fr; nry;tJ vd KbntLj;jdH. vdNt> kf;fhtpw;Fk; gj;J iky; njhiytpy;

,Ue;j gD} fp/ghH Nfhj;jpuj;jtHfspd; tay;ntspapy; cs;s Mjj; vd;w Ks; kuj;jbapy; Fwpg;gpl;l Neuj;jpy;

te;J re;jpg;gJ vd KbntLj;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; ,e;jf; Fwpg;gpl;l ,lj;jpw;F> #hpad; cjpf;Fk; Neuj;jpw;Fr;

rhpahf te;J tpLtnjd;Wk;> ek;kpy; ahuhtJ Fwpg;gpl;l me;j Neuj;jpw;F tuj; jtWk;gl;rj;jpy;> mtH tutpy;iy

vd;gjhf KbT nra;J te;jpUg;gtH jdJ gazj;ijj; njhlHtJ vd;Wk; mtHfSf;Fs; KbT nra;J

nfhz;ldH.

,e;j mbg;gilapy; ckH (uyp) mtHfSk;> ma;ah\; (uyp) mtHfSk; Fwpg;gpl;l me;j Neuj;jpy;> Fwpg;gpl;l me;j

,lj;jpw;F rhpahd Neuj;jpy; te;J tpl;lhHfs;> Mdhy;> `p]hk; mtHfshy; tu ,aytpy;iy> Fiw\pfshy;

jLj;J itf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. vdNt> ckH (uyp) mtHfSk; kw;wtHfSk; jq;fsJ gazj;ijj; njhlHe;jhHfs;.

,Wjpahf kjPdhtpd; Gwntspg;gFjpahfpa $/gh tpw;F te;J NrHe;J> gD} mk;H gpd; mt;/g; Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfSld;

Page 56: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

jq;fpf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

xUehs; mG+[`;y; k;> my; `hhpjh vd;gtUk; $/gh nrd;W> mG+[`;y; d; jk;gpahfpa ma;ah\; (uyp) mtHfisr;

re;jpj;J> ePq;fs; kjPdhtpw;F te;J tpl;ljd; fhuzkhf> jq;fisg; ghHf;fhj Nrhfj;jpy; ekJ jhahH mtHfs;

cq;fisf; fhZk; tiuapYk;> jiyKbia thwpf; nfhs;tjpy;iy vd;Wk;> epoy; Njb xJq;fhky; ntl;l

ntapypy; epd;W fha;tJ vd;Wk; rgjk; nra;jpUf;fpd;whHfs;. vdNt> ePq;fs; jpUk;gp kf;fh tUtjd; %yNk

mtHfsJ capiuf; fhf;f KbAk; vd;W $Wfpd;whHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;> ma;ah\; (uyp) mtHfNs..! cq;fis Vkhw;wp khHf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J

ntspNaw;Wtjw;fhfNt ,e;j je;jpuj;ijf; ifhahSfpd;whHfs;. vdNt> ePq;fs; Vkhe;J tpl Ntz;lhk;.

cq;fsJ jhahpd; jiyapy; Ngd; njhe;juT mjpfhpj;J tpl;lhy; jhdhf jiyia thwp Kbe;J nfhs;thHfs;>

,d;Dk; kf;fhtpy; ntapy; ePq;fs; mwpe;jJ jhNd> ntapy; cf;fpuj;jpw;F te;J tpl;lhy; epoy; Njb tPl;Lf;Fs;

nrd;W tpLthHfs; vd;Wk; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;.

Mdhy;> ma;ah\; (uyp) mtHfNsh> jdJ jhapd; kPjpUe;j ghrj;jpd; fhuzkhf kf;fhtpw;F jpUk;gpr; nrd;W

tpLtnjd;W KbT nra;J tpl;L> ckH (uyp) mtHfNs..!

ehd; kf;fhtpw;Fr; nrd;W> vdJ jhapd; rgjj;ij epiwNtw;wp itj;J tpl;L clNd jpUk;gp tpLfpd;Nwd;. ,d;Dk;

kf;fhtpy; cs;s rpyhplk; vdJ gzk; fldhf epd;W nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ> mjidAk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;L te;J

tpLfpd;Nwd; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; :

Fiw\pfspy; cs;s gzf;fhuHfspy; ehDk; xUtd; vd;gij ePq;fs; mwptPHfs;. vdJ nry;tj;jpy; ghjpiaj;

jUfpd;Nwd;> ePq;fs; kf;fhtpw;Fr; nry;y Ntz;lhk; vd;whHfs;.

Mdhy; ma;ah\; (uyp) mtHfs; kf;fhtpw;Fr; nrd;W jpUk;GtJ vd;W KbntLj;J tpl;lhHfs;.

gpd; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; :

ePq;fs; kf;fhtpw;F jpUk;gpr; nry;tJ vd;W KbntLj;J tpl;lhy;> ,Njh vd;Dila xl;lfj;ij vLj;Jf;

nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,J caH [hjpAk;> ,d;Dk; gazj;jpw;F cfe;jJkhFk;. mjpypUe;J ePq;fs; ,wq;fTk; Ntz;lhk;>

ve;j epiyapyhtJ mtHfs; cq;fis klf;f epidj;jhy;> ,e;j xl;lfj;ijf; nfhz;L ePq;fs; kpfTk; vspjhfj;

jg;gpf; nfhs;syhk; vd;W $wpdhHfs;. gpd; ma;ah\; (uyp) mtHfs; kf;fhit Nehf;fpg; gazg;gl;lhHfs;. rw;Wj;

njhiyT jhd; kjPdh nrd;wpUg;ghHfs;> ma;ah\; (uyp) mtHfis Nehf;fpa mG+[`;y; $wpdhd; :

ma;ahN\..! vd;Dila xl;lfj;ij xl;b tUtJ kpfTk; fbdkhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ..!

vdNt> vd;id cdJ xl;lfj;jpd; gpd;dhy; mkHj;jpf; nfhs;s khl;lhah? vd;W Nfl;lhd;.

rhp vd;W xg;Gf; nfhz;l ma;ah\; (uyp)> jdJ xl;lfj;ij Koe;jhopl itj;jhHfs;. mG+ [`;y; k; jdJ

xl;lfj;ij Koe;jhopl itj;jhd;. ,UtUk; fPNo ,wq;fpaTld; ma;ah\pd; kPJ mG+[`;yk;> `p]hKk; tpOe;J

mtiu klf;fp> iffhy;fisf; fl;lg;gl;l epiyapNyNa kf;fhtpw;Ff; nfhz;L te;jhHfs;. kf;fj;Jf;

Fiw\pfisg; ghHj;J mG+[`;y; $wpdhd; :

ghUq;fs;..! vq;fsJ kilaHfsplk; ehq;fs; vt;thW ele;J nfhz;Nlhk; vd;gij..! mt;thNw ePq;fs;

cq;fsJ kilaHfsplk; ele;J nfhs;Sq;fs;> vd;whd;.

ma;ah\; (uyp) mtHfis mG+[`;y; flj;jpf; nfhz;L nrd;W tpl;lij mwpe;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

$wpdhHfs; :

ma;ahi\Ak; ,d;Dk; `p]hikAk; ,q;F nfhz;L tu cq;fspy; ahH Kd; tUfpd;wPHfs;? vd;W Nfl;lhHfs;.

my; tyPj; gpd; KfPuh (uyp) mtHfs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; Nfhhpf;ifia Vw;W> ma;ah\; (uyp)

mtHfisAk;> `p]hk; (uyp) mtHfisAk; nfhz;L tUk; nghWg;ig Vw;whHfs;. my; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs;>

kf;fhit Nehf;fpg; gazg;gl;lhHfs;. mq;F ,UtUk; $iuapy;yhj xU tPl;by; milj;J itf;fg;gl;bUg;gij

mwpfpd;whHfs;. ,utpy; ahUk; mwpahj tz;zk; RtNuwpf; Fjpj;J> fl;lg;gl;l epiyapy; fple;j ,UtuJ

rq;fpypfisAk; thshy; ntl;b> cilj;J..> ,UtiuAk; kjPdhtpw;Nf mioj;J te;J tpLfpd;whH.

,Jjhd; cyf tuyhw;wpNyNa Kjd; Kjyhf elj;jg;gl;l fkhz;Nlh MgNu\d; vdyhk;.

Page 57: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

Muk;g fhy kjPdh tho;T

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; kjPdhtpw;F te;jTld;> kjPdhtpd; GwefHg; gFjpahd $/gh tpy; jq;fpdhHfs;. ckH (uyp)

mtHfSld; nkhj;jk; 20 egHfs; te;jpUe;jhHfs;> mtHfspy; mtuJ rNfhjuH i]j;> kUkfd; Fid]; gpd;

`{ijgh (uyp) kw;Wk; thfpj; gpd; mg;Jy;yh my; jkPkP (uyp)> ma;ah\; (uyp) MfpNahUk; te;jpUe;jdH. $gh

tpy; ckH (uyp) mtHfSk;> mtHfSld; te;jpUe;jtHfSk;> md;]hhpj; Njhouhd hp/gh gpd; mg;Jy; Kd;jpH vd;w

gD} mk;H Nfhj;jpuj;ijr; NrHe;jthpd; ,y;yj;jpy; jq;fpdhHfs;. mtHfs; jq;fpapUe;j tPL> mtHfsJ nrhe;j tPL

Nghy kpfTk; trjpahf ,Ue;jJ. ,d;Dk; $gh tpy; Vw;fdNt gs;spthrYk; ,Ue;jgbahy;> Neuj;jpw;F njhoTk;

mtHfSf;F trjpahf ,Ue;jJ.

,g;nghOJ $gh tpy; cs;s midtUk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; tUiff;fhff; fhj;jpUf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

,d;Dk; rpyH kf;fhtpypUe;J gazpfs; tuf; $ba rhiyia Nehf;fpa tz;zk;> $gh tpd; GwefHg; gFjpapy;

vjpHghHj;Jf; fhj;jpUf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. gy ehl;fs; fhj;jpUe;Jk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,d;Dk; tuf;

fhztpy;iyNa vd;W kf;fs; ftiy nfhs;s Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. mjpYk; ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> jdJ cw;w NjhouJ

tUif jhkjkhtijf; fz;L> ftiyAw;wtuhf kf;fhtpw;Fr; nrd;W epyik vd;dntd;gij mwpe;J tu KbT

nra;jhHfs;.

,jw;fpilapy;> xUehs; gfy; Ntisapy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; rfpjk; gfy;

nghOjpy; kjPdhtpd; GwefHg; gFjpahd $gh it te;jile;jhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisf; fhz kf;fs;

FOkpdhHfs;. me;j kjPdj;J kf;fs; Vw;fdNt ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisf; fhztpy;iyahjyhy;> te;jpUe;j

,Uthpy; ahH ,iwj;J}juhf ,Uf;ff; $Lk; vd;W kf;fs; mwpa Kbahky; jtpj;jhHfs;. kf;fspd; jtpg;ig mwpe;J

nfhz;l mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;> jdJ NghHitahy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F Fil gpbj;jtHfs; Nghy

efhpy; Eioa Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; te;J tpl;lij mwpe;j ckH (uyp) mtHfs;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisf; fhz tpiue;jhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ MUapHj; NjhoH ckH

(uyp) mtHfis Muj; jOtp jdJ kfpo;r;rpiaj; njhptpj;jhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; $ghtpy; rpy ehl;fs; jq;fpapUe;jhHfs;> $l;Lj; njhOifia mtHfNs Kd;dpd;W

elj;jpdhHfs;. gpd;G rpy ehl;fs; fopj;J> kjPdhtpw;Fs; nrd;whHfs;. ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfis epoy; Nghyj; njhlHe;J nrd;whHfs;. kjPdhtpy; Eioe;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;Fk;>

mtHfSld; Gyk; ngaHe;J te;j midtUf;Fk; kjPdh kf;fs; md;ghd tuNtw;ig mspj;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk;

kjPdhtpy; cs;s kfspHfs; midtUk; jq;fsJ tPl;bd; khlj;jpy; mkHe;J nfhz;L> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfis tuNtw;Wg; ghly;fisg; ghlyhdhHfs;.

'tpjh kiyf; fztha;fspd; CNlapUe;J ngsHzkp epyT KOkjp> Kfpiyf; fpopj;Jf; nfhz;L

vq;fSf;F xsp jUtjw;fhf cjakhfptpl;lJ! ,iwtdplk; xU fuNke;jp ,iwQ;RNthH cyfpy;

,Uf;Fk;tiu (cyfk; cs;stiuAk;) ehk; ,iwtDf;F ed;wp nrYj;j Ntz;baJ ek; kPJ

flilahfp tpl;lJ!"

rpd;dQ;rpWkpfs; KuR nfhl;bg; ghbdhHfs;:

'ehq;fs; gdP e[;[hH Fyj;Jr; rpWkpfs;> K`k;kj; (]y;) mtHfs; (vq;fSf;F fpilj;jpUf;Fk;)

vj;Jiz ey;y mz;il tPl;lhH!"

mz;zyhH (]y;) mr;rpWkpfis Nehf;fp> 'md;Gr; rpWkpfNs! ePq;fs; vd;id Nerpf;fPHfsh?" vd;W

tpdtpdhHfs;. mr;rpWkpfs; 'Mkhk;! my;yh`;tpd; JhjNu! cq;fis ehq;fs; kpfTk; Nerpf;fpd;Nwhk;

vd;wdH. ,jidr; nrtpAw;w mz;zyhH> 'ehDk; cq;fs; kPJ md;G itj;jpUf;fpNwd;" vd;W

$wpdhHfs;.

kf;fhit tpl kjPdh Kw;wpYk; khWgl;l tpjj;jpy; ,Ue;jJ. kf;fhtpy; K];ypk;fs; mlf;FKiwf;Fk;>

mtyj;jpw;Fk;> rpj;utijfSf;Fk; cl;gLj;jg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;j Ntisapy;> kjPdhtpNyh G+uz tuNtw;Gk; KO

khpahijAk; fpilj;jNjhL> kz;zpd; ike;jHfs; Nghy kf;fj;J kf;fs; kjPdhtpy; tyk; te;jhHfs;. vdNt

kjPdh tho;f;if Kw;wpYk; khWgl;ljhf ,Ue;jJ. fle;j fhyq;fs;> fdTfshfpg; Nghapd. nfhLikfs; ,y;iy>

Page 58: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

rpj;utijfs; ,y;iy> nfhiyr; rjpfSk; ,y;iy. ,g;nghOJ tho;f;ifia G+uz Rje;jpuj;Jld; tho

Muk;gpj;jhHfs; K];ypk;fs;. mjd; fhuzkhf Kw;wpYk; mugfj;jpw;Fk; ,d;Dk; KO cyfj;jpw;Fk; vLj;Jf;

fhl;lhdnjhU r%fj;ij> xU tho;f;if mikg;ig cUthf;fpl Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

kjPdhtpy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; gs;spthry; fl;lg;gl;L tpl;lJ. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSk; $l

,e;jg; gzpapy; fye;J nfhz;L> fl;llg;gzpfspy; kf;fSld; kf;fshf ,Ue;J Ntiy nra;jhHfs;. ckH (uyp)

mtHfs; $ghtpypUe;J jpdKk; kjPdhtpw;Fr; nrd;W ,e;j fl;llg;gzpfspy; gzpahw;wp tpl;L> kPz;Lk; $ghtpw;Fj;

jpUk;gp tuf; $batuhf ,Ue;jhH. ,e;jg; gzpfSf;fpilapy; jq;fsJ Ntiyg;gSit kwg;gjw;fhf K];ypk;fs;

fPo;f;fz;l ghliyg; ghLgtHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs; :

kWcyf tho;f;ifia tpl ,d;ndhU tho;f;if ,y;iy

,iwth! (kf;fj;J) K`h[pHfs; kPJk;> (kjPdj;J)md;]hhpfs; kPJk; fUiz nghopthahf!

Vw;fdNt> ehk; nrhd;dJ Nghy Kd;khjphp kpf;f rKfj;ij cUthf;f tpise;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;>

kf;fhtpypUe;J Gyk; ngaHe;J te;jpUe;j K`h[pHfSf;F tho;thjuj;ijAk;> ,d;Dk; kWtho;itAk; mspf;f

tpUk;gp> kjPdhtpd; md;]hhp xUtUld; kf;fj;J K`h[pH xUtiu rNfhjuuhf ,izj;J tpl;L> cyf kdpj

tuyhw;wpy; rNfhjuj;Jtk; vd;why; vd;d vd;gjw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;lhdnjhU tho;f;if Kiwia tFj;jspj;jhHfs;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;. ,tHfspd; rNfhjuj;Jtk; cld;gpwe;j rNfhjudpd; kPJ nfhz;L ghrj;ijAk;

ntd;W epd;wJ. ,jdbg;gilapy; ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> ,j;ghd; gpd; khypf; vd;w gD} my; f[;u[; Nfhj;jpuj;ijr;

NrHe;j md;]hhpj; NjhoUld; ,izj;J tplg;gl;lhHfs;.

kf;fhtpd; jl;g ntg;gk; twl;rpahdJ> kjPdhtpNyh mjpfg;gbahd <ug;gjk; fhzg;gl;lJ. vdNt> ,e;j jl;g

ntg;g khw;wk;> kjPdhtpw;F te;J FbNawpa kf;fh thrpfisg; ghjpf;f Muk;gpj;jJ> cly;eyf; Fiwit

Vw;gLj;jpaJ. kf;fhtpypUe;J te;j gyH kjPdhtpy; cly;eyf; Fiwthy; mtjpg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ>

my;yh`;tpDila fUizapdhy; xUrpyH kl;Lk;> ve;jtpj mnrsfhpaq;fSf;Fk; Ml;glhky;> kpfTk;

cly;eyj;Jld; ,Ue;jhHfs;. mj;jifatHfSs; ckH (uyp) mtHfSf;F my;yh`; G+uz cly; eyj;ij

mspj;jpUe;jhd;.

kf;fhtpy; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; xU tpahghhpahf ,Ue;jhHfs;. `p[;uj;jpw;fhf mtH gazg;gl;L> kjPdhtpw;F tUk;

nghONj jd;Dld; jd;Dila nghUshjhuj;ijAk; nfhz;L te;jpUe;jhH. vdNt> me;jg; nghUshjhuj;ijf;

nfhz;L kjpdhtpy; Gjpjhf tpahghuj;ijj; njhlq;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

$ghtpy; jdJ jiyikafj;ij itj;Jf; nfhz;L> kjPdhtpy; tpahghuj;ij elj;jp te;j ckH (uyp) mtHfspd;

tpahghuk;> kjPdhtpy; kpfTk; MNkhfkhf ele;J te;jJ. jdJ tpahghuj;jpy; nrytpl;l Neuk; Nghf kPjKs;s

Neuq;fspy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSld; ,Ue;J jdJ Neuj;ijr; nrytopg;gtHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;.

Kf;fpakhd tp\aq;fspy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsplKk;> ckH (uyp) mtHfsplKk;

MNyhrid nra;af; $batHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;. ,j;jifa fye;jhNyhridfspd; nghOJ> mGgf;fH (uyp)

mtHfsJ kw;Wk; ckH (uyp) mtHfsJ fUj;Jf;fspy; NtWghLfs; fhzg;gl;lhy;> ,uz;ilAk; jdJ ftdj;jpy;

vLj;Jf; nfhz;L> jdJ ,Wjp Kbit vLf;ff; $batHfshf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,Ue;jhHfs;.

,uz;L NgHfSila fUj;Jf;fSk; xj;J ,Ue;jhy;> mjid khw;Wf; fUj;jpy;yhky; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sf;

$batHfshfTk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,Ue;jhHfs;.

,khk; RA+j;jp (u`;) mtHfs; jdJ> ''fyPghf;fspd; tuyhW"" vd;w E}ypy; ,t;thW Fwpg;gpLfpd;whHfs; :

mg;JH u`;khd; gpd; fdk; (uyp) mtHfs; mwptpf;fpd;whHfs; :

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;> ''mGgf;fH (uyp) kw;Wk; ckH (uyp) Mfpa ,UtUk; MNyhridapy; xj;j

fUj;ijf; nfhz;bUg;ghHfNsahdhy;> mtHfsJ (fUj;ij) ehd; kWf;f khl;Nld;.

gj;Ug; NghH

rj;jpaj;jpw;Fk; mrj;jpaj;jpw;Fkhd NghH> kjPdhtpypUe;J mWgJ iky; njhiytpy; cs;s gj;U vd;Dk; ,lj;jpy;

ele;jJ. ,J rphpahtpw;fhd tpahghug; ghijahfTk; ,Ue;jJ. ,e;jg; NghUf;fhfj; jahuhFk;gb ,iwtd;

K];ypk;fSf;F jdJ ,iwtrdk; %yk; mwpTWj;jpdhd;.

cq;fis vjpHj;Jg; NghH GhpgtHfSld; ePq;fSk;> my;yh`;tpd; ghijapy; NghhpLq;fs;. Mdhy; tuk;G kPwhjPHfs;;

Page 59: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

epr;rakhf my;yh`; tuk;G kPWgtHfis Nerpg;gjpy;iy. (2:190)

fp.gp.624 Mk; Mz;L> xU FspHehspd; nghOJ> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSk;> mtHfsJ NjhoHfSk; gj;H

vd;Dk; rkntspg;gFjpia mile;jdH. vjphpfs; mNj gFjpapd; ,d;ndhU kzw;ghq;fhd rkntspg; gFjpapy;

jq;fsJ ghriwia ,wf;fpapUg;gjhf> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; xw;wHfs; te;J jfty; njhptpj;jdH.

vdNt> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSk;> mtuJ NjhoHfSk; me;jg; gFjpapy; ,Ue;j xNu ePHg; gpbg;Gg;

gFjpnahd;iwf; ifg;gw;wp> mjw;Fg; gf;fj;jpy; jq;fsJ ghriwia mikf;f tpUk;gpdhHfs;. ,iwtDila

cjtpia mjw;F ehbdhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,iwtdplk; gpuhHj;jpf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs; :

'',iwth! eP vq;fSf;F cjtp nra;tjhf thf;fspj;jpUf;fpd;wha; vd;gij kwe;J tplhNj> ,e;jr; rpd;dQ;rpW

$l;lKk; mope;J Ngha; tpl;lhy;> cd;id tzq;Ftjw;nfd ,e;jg; G+kpapy; ahUk; ,Uf;f khl;lhHfs;"".

K];ypk;fspd; jug;gpy; 313 Mz;fs; ,Ue;jdH. ,tHfsplk; ,uz;L FjpiufSk;> 70 xl;lfq;fSk; ,Ue;jd.

mNjNeuj;jpy; Fiw\pfspd; jug;gpy;> Mapuk; egHfSk;> 200 Fjpiufisf; nfhz;lnjhU Fjpiug; gilAk;> 100

xl;lfq;fSk; ,Ue;jd. kf;fj;Jf; Fiw\pfSld; xg;gpLk; nghOJ> K];ypk;fspd; epiy> kiyf;Fk; kLTf;Fk;

cs;s tpj;jpahrkhf ,Ue;jJ> mtHfs; G+uz MAjj; jhpg;gpy; ,Ue;jdH.

mjpfhiy Neuk; NghH Muk;gkhfpaJ. Fiw\pfspd; xU FO ,g;nghOJ Kd;te;J K];ypk;fspd; kPJ

nrhy;nyhz;zh tirfisg; ghbf; nfhz;bUe;jJ> K];ypk;fis jpl;bj; jPHj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,jw;F

K];ypk;fs;> 'my;yh`{ mf;gH - my;yh`; kpfg; nghpatd;"> vd;Nw Kof;fkpl;;lhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ Fiw\pfspd; ngUe;jiyfshd cj;gh> i\gh> tyPj; Mfpa %tUk; Kd; te;J> md;iwa fhy

tof;fg;gb NghH Muk;gpf;F Kd; elf;Fk; jdpegH Aj;jj;jpw;F miog;G tpLj;jdH. K];ypk;fs; mtHfspd;

miog;ig Vw;Wf; nfhz;ldH. ,tHfspd; ,e;j rthiy K];ypk;fspd; jug;gpy; ,Ue;j myP (uyp)> cigjh (uyp)>

kw;Wk; `k;]h (uyp) MfpNahH Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. myP (uyp) mtHfs; tyPijAk;> cigjh (uyp) mtHfs;

i\ghitAk;> `k;]h (uyp) mtHfs; cj;ghitAk; nfhd;whHfs;. jq;fsJ kpfg; ngUe; jiytHfs; nfhy;yg;gl;L

tpl;ljd; fhuzkhf> Fiw\pfs; ciwe;J Ngha; epd;whHfs;.

Fiw\pfspd; Nfhgk; jiyf;Nfw NghH Muk;gkhfpaJ. K];ypk;fs; epd;W nfhz;bUf;fpd;w gFjpahdJ cWjpahd

epyg;gug;ghfTk;> kiyr;rhpthukhfTk; ,Ue;jJ. Fiw\pfs; kzw;ghq;fhd gFjpapy; epd;W nfhz;bUe;jdH. NghH

Jtq;Ftjw;F Kjy; ehs; kio nga;jpUe;jJ. mjd; fhuzkhf> Fiw\pfs; epd;W nfhz;bUe;j epyg;gug;ghdJ>

rw;W nefpo;e;J NghapUe;jJ. kz;zpd; nefpo;e;J Nghd jd;ikahdJ mtHfspd; Nghuhl;l Ntfj;ij

kl;Lg;gLj;JtjhfTk; ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; K];ypk;fspd; gf;fNk kioapd; fhuzkhf kz; ,Wfpg; Ngha;> cWjpahf

,Ue;jJ. ,d;Dk; jz;zPH juf; $ba mj;jid topfisAk; K];ypk; Jz;bj;J tpl;L> jq;fsJ gFjpapy; kl;Lk;

jz;zPH juf; $ba fpzW xd;iw trg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,jd; fhuzkhfTk; Fiw\pfs; kpFe;j

,f;fl;lhd #o;epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gl;lhHfs;. fhiy ntapyhdJ Fiw\pfspd; Kfj;jpy; miwe;jJ. Mdhy;

K];ypk;fspd; jug;Gf;F #hpadhdJ KJFg; Gwkhf ,Ue;jJ. ntspr;rk; Fiw\pfspd; Kfj;jpy; gl;lJk;> kpFe;j

rQ;ryj;Jf;Fk;> gj;jl;lj;jpw;Fk; MshhdhHfs;. mtHfshy; K];ypk;fisf; FwpghHj;Jj; jhf;f ,ayhj epiyf;Fj;

js;sg;gl;lhHfs;. Fiw\pfs; gf;fk; vq;Fk; Fog;gNk ePbj;jJ.

NghH cr;rfl;lj;ij mile;J nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ> jdJ jpUf;fuq;fshy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; rpwpJ

kz;iz ms;sp> ''Fog;gk; mtHfisr; #ol;Lk;"" vd;W $wp me;j kz;iz Fiw\pfs; gf;fk; tPrp vwpe;jhHfs;.

kz;iz ms;sp tPrpaTld;> fLikahdnjhU kzw;fhw;W tPr Muk;gpj;jJ. Fiw\pfspd; Kfj;jpy; kz;iz thwp

,iuf;f Muk;gpj;jJ. me;j fl;lj;jpy; tpiuthd jhf;Fjiyj; njhLf;FkhW jdJ NjhoHfSf;F ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfs; fl;lis ,l;lhHfs;. tPrpa Gaw;fhw;iwAk; Njhw;fbf;Fk; msTf;F ,g;nghOJ K];ypk;fs;>

Fiw\pfspd; kPJ gha;e;J jhf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ntF rPf;fpuj;jpNyNa Fiw\pfs; jq;fsJ Njhy;tpiar;

re;jpf;f Nehpl;lJ. mq;F mtHfs; NtuWf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. K];ypk;fSf;F ,iwtd; ntw;wpia mUspdhd;.

Fiw\pfspy; 70 NgH nfhiy nra;ag;gl;lhHfs;> K];ypk;fspd; jug;gpy; 14 NgH \`PjhdhHfs;. ,d;Dk; 70

Fiw\pfs; NghHf; ifjpfshfg; gpbf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. gyH capH gpioj;jhy; NghJnkd;W kf;fhtpd; jpiria

Nehf;fpj; jg;gpj;J XbdhHfs;. fdPkj;Jg; nghUl;fshf 11 xl;lfq;fSk;> 14 FjpiufSk; fpilj;jJ. ,d;Dk;

Vuhskhd MAjq;fSk; fpilj;jd.

Page 60: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,e;jg; gj;Ug; NghH KOtJk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; tyJ gf;fk; epd;W ckH (uyp) mtHfs;

Nghhpl;lhHfs;. ,e;jg; gj;Ug; NghH Fiw\pfspd; kpfg; gpugykhd Fyq;fs; mj;jidAk; fye;J nfhz;bUe;j

epiyapy;> ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; Fykhd gD} mjP kl;Lk; fye;J nfhs;shky; tpyfp ,Ue;jJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

vdNt> ,e;jg; Nghhpy; gD} mjP Fyj;ijr; NrHe;j vtUk; K];ypk;fis vjpHj;Jg; NghH Ghpa tutpy;iy. ,JNt

ckH (uyp) mtHfspdhy; K];ypk;fSf;F tpise;j kpfg; ngUk; rhjfkhf ,Ue;j mNjNtisapy;> gD} mjP

Fyj;ijr; NrHe;j gyH ,];yhj;ijj; jOtp ,Ue;j fhuzj;jpdhy;> ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikapy; mtHfs;

midtUk; gj;Uf; fsj;jpw;F te;jNjhly;yhJ> K];ypk;fspd; rhHgpy; epd;W Fiw\pfis vjpHj;Jg; NghH GhpaTk;

te;jpUe;jhHfs;.

Fiw\pfspd; rhHghf K];ypk;fis vjpHj;Jg; Nghhpl te;jtHfspy;> ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; jha; khkdhuhd mjp

gpd; `p\hk; gpd; KfPuh vd;gtUk; MthH. ,tH ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; jhahhpDila cld; gpwe;j rNfhjuUk;

MthH. ,Ug;gpDk;> cwTf;Fk; ,];yhkpa rNfhjuj;Jtj;jpw;Fk; kj;jpapy; njspthdnjhU gphp NfhL xd;iw

tiue;J itj;jpUe;jNjhL> ,iz itg;ghsHfs; vd;WNk K];ypk;fSf;F cw;wtHfshf Mf KbahJ vd;w

nfhs;ifia cte;njLj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> jdJ jha; khkdhH vd;Wk; ghuhJ> gj;Uf;

fsj;jpy; mtiu NeUf;F NeH re;jpj;jhH. mjp gpd; `p\hk; gpd; KfPuh - it ,e;j cyfj;ij tpl;Nl mDg;gpAk;

itj;jhH.

NkYk;> ,e;j gj;Ug; Nghhpy; Kjy; Kjy; \`Pjhd ngUikf;FhpatH ahnud;why;> ckH (uyp) mtHfspd;

mbikahd k`;[h (uyp) MthHfs;. ,tH ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; mbik vd;gjhy; mJTk; ckH (uyp)

mtHfSf;Fg; ngUikahd mike;jJ.

NghH KbTw;W> gpbgl;l ifjpfSld; K];ypk;fs; ntw;wp tPuHfshf kjPdhtpw;Fs; Eioe;jhHfs;. mt;thW ifJ

nra;ag;gl;Lf; nfhz;L nry;yg;gl;ltHfspy;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; rpwpa je;ijahH mg;gh]; mtHfSk;>

myP (uyp) mtHfspd; rNfhjuH mfpy; mtHfSk;> mGy; M];> tyPj; gpd; my; tyPj; Mfpa kpfg; ngUk;

gpugykhdtHfSk; mlf;fk; vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. kpfg; ngUk; Fiw\pj; jiytHfshd ,tHfs; ,g;nghOJ

gzpe;j epiyapy; ifjpfshf kjPdhtpw;Fs; Eioe;jhHfs;. ,e;jf; fhl;rp kf;fspd; kdij neULtjhfTk;

,Ue;jJ. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; kidtpaHfSs; xUtuhd> md;id nrsjh (uyp) mtHfs; ,e;jf;

fhl;rpiag; ghHj;J tpl;L>

''ifjpahfg; gpbgLtij tpl> NghHf; fsj;jpy; capH ePj;jpUf;fyhNk?"" vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ gpbgl;l ifjpfis vt;thW elj;JtJ vd;gJ Fwpj;J> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ

NjhoHfSld; MNyhrid elj;j Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; :

,tHfs; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhy; ey;yJ> ,y;iynadpy; mtHfisf; nfhd;W tpLtNj ey;yJ vd;w

fUj;ijf; $wpdhHfs;. ,d;Dk; xt;nthU K];ypKk; jdJ Fyj;ijr; NrHe;j ifjpia nfhiy nra;a Ntz;Lk;

vd;w fUj;ijAk; Kd; itj;jhHfs;. mjhtJ> `k;]h (uyp) mtHfs; mg;gh]; mtHfisf; nfhy;tJ> myP (uyp)

mtHfs; jdJ rNfhjuuhd mfPy; mtHfisf; nfhy;tJ vd;w fUj;ijj; njhptpj;jhHfs;.

Mdhy;> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; rw;W ,sfpa> kw;Wk; fdpthdnjhU Kbitf; $wpdhHfs;. mtHfsplk; ,Ue;J

gzaj; njhifahf xU njhifiag; ngw;Wf; nfhz;L> tpLjiy nra;tJ tpLtJ vd;w fUj;ijf; $wpdhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; :

,iwtd; ek; kPJ nfhz;l fUizapd; fhuzkhf ekf;F ,e;j ntw;wpia mUspdhd;. vdNt> gpbgl;l

ifjpfsplk; ehKk; ,uf;fj;Jld; ele;J nfhs;Nthk; vd;W $wp> gzaj; njhifiag; ngw;Wf; nfhz;L>

ifjpfis tpLtpj;J tpLtJ vd;w Kbit vLj;jhHfs;.

gj;Ug; NghHf; ifjpfs;

ifjpfspd; epiyiaj; jPHkhdpf;Fk; tp\aj;jpy; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; nefpo;e;J nfhLj;Jg; NghFk; KbT

xd;iwf; $wpa mNjNtisapy;> ckH (uyp) mtHfNsh kpfTk; fLikahdnjhU Kbitf; $wpdhHfs;. ,jd;

%yk; ,UtuJ fUj;Jf; $wypYk; kpfg; nghpa tpj;jpahrk; Vw;gl;bUe;jJ.

gy;NtW fUj;Jf;fisr; nrtpkLj;J tpl;L> ,Wjpapy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ KbTf;F te;jhHfs;.

Page 61: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,iwtidg; Gfo;e;jtHfshf> ,iwtd; rpyuJ ,jaj;ij ghiy tpl kpUJthf Mf;fp itj;Js;shd;> ,d;Dk;

rpyuJ ,jaj;ij ghiwia tplf; fbdkhdjhfTk; Mf;fp itj;jpUf;fpd;whd; vd;W $wp tpl;L>

mGgf;fH(uyp) mtHfspd; gf;fk; jpUk;gpa ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;>

mGgf;fNu..!

ePq;fs;> ,g;wh`Pk; (miy) mtHfisg; Nghd;wtHfs;. ''(cdJ topapy; nry;fpd;w) vd;idg; gpd;gw;Wfpd;wtH

ek;kpy; xUtuhf ,Uf;fpd;whH> ,d;Dk; ahH (ekf;Ff;) fl;Lg;gl tpy;iyNah> ,iwth> mtHfis kd;dpj;jUs

ePNa NghJkhdtd; vd;W ,g;wh`Pk; (miy) mtHfs; ,iwtidg; ghHj;Jf; $wpdhHfs;.

,d;Dk; ePq;fs; <]h (miy) mtHfisg; Nghd;wtHfs;> mtH $wpdhH> ,iwth..! eP mtHfisj; jz;bj;jhy;

mtHfs; cdJ mbikfNs> mtHfis eP kd;dpj;jUspdhy;> ePNa rf;jp tha;e;jtDk;> kpifj;jtDk;>

ePjthDkhf ,Uf;fpd;wha; vd;W $wpdhH.

gpd;G> ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; gf;fk; jpUk;gpa ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;>

ckNu..!

ePq;fs; E}`; (miy) mtHfisg; Nghd;wtHfs;> mtH $wpdhH> ,iwth..!

,e;jg; G+kpg; ge;jpd; kPJ xU epuhfhpg;ghsiuAk; capUld;; tpl;L itf;fhNj.

,d;Dk; ckNu..!

ePq;fs; K]h (miy) mtHfisg; Nghd;wtH> mtH $wpdhH :

,iwth..! mtHfsJ nrhj;Jf;fis mopj;J tpLthahf> ,d;Dk; mtHfsJ ,jaq;fis fbdkhf;fp itg;ghahf>

mjd; %yk; mtHfs; jq;fSf;Fhpa jz;lidiag; ghHf;Fk; tiuf;Fk; kdk; khwhjpUg;gjw;fhf> vd;whHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfspd; MNyhridia vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

kWehs; fhiyapy;> ckH (uyp) mtHfs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisAk;> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfisAk; re;jpj;j

Ntisapy;> ,UtUk; mOJ nfhz;bUf;ff; fz;lhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisg; ghHj;J>

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNs cq;fs; ,UtiuAk; mo itj;jJ vJ. vd;dplk; $Wq;fs;. ve;jj; Jf;fk;

cq;fis mo itj;jNjh> mjid vd;dplKk; $Wq;fs;> ehDk; mo Ntz;Lk;> cq;fsJ Jf;fj;jpy; ehDk;

gq;F nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W $wpdhH.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; :

ckNu..!

,q;Nf ck;ikf; ftiy nfhs;sr; nra;af; $baJ vJTk; eilngwtpy;iy. khwhf> ifjpfspd; tp\aj;jpy;

ckJ fUj;ij my;yh`; Vw;Wf; nfhz;ljd; fhuzkhf> ck;ik nfsutpj;jpUf;fpd;whd; vd;w re;Njh\j;ijr;

nra;jpiaf; Nfs;tpg;gl;L ctif nfhs;Sq;fs; ckNu vd;W $wpdhHfs; vd;whHfs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;.

ckJ fUj;Jf;F vjpuhff; fUj;Jf; $wpatHfspd; fUj;Jf;F ,iwtd; vr;rhpf;ifAk; nra;jpUf;fpd;whd; vd;W

$wp Kbj;jhHfs;.

vd;d..! vd; nghWl;L ,iwtd; jdJ jpUtrdq;fis ,wf;fpaUspapUf;fpd;whdh? me;j trdq;fis

mr;nrhl;lhf ehd; cq;fsJ tjdq;fspy; ,Ue;J nrtp kLf;f Ntz;Lk; ah.. u#Yy;yh`;..! vdf;F mjid

Xjpf; fhl;Lq;fNsd; vd;W ckH (uyp) mtHfs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; Ntz;b epd;whHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; me;j trdj;ij ckH (uyp) mtHfSf;F Xjpf; fhl;bdhHfs; :

(tp\kq;fs; mlq;f) G+kpapy; ,uj;jj;ij Xl;lhj tiuapy; (tpNuhjpfis capUld;) rpiwgpbg;gJ ve;j egpf;Fk;

jFjpapy;iy. ePq;fs; ,t;Tyfj;jpd; (epiyapy;yh) nghUs;fis tpUk;GfpwPHfs;. my;yh`;Nth kWikapy; (cq;fs;

eyj;ij) ehLfpwhd;. my;yh`; (Mw;wypy;) kpifj;NjhDk;> QhdKilNahdhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whd;. (8:67)

cikH gpd; t`;g;

Page 62: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

kf;fj;Jf; Fiw\pfspy; kpfg; gpugykhd Fyj;jiytHfSs; xUtuhf cikH gpd; t`;g; mtHfs; jpfo;e;jhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kf;fhtpy; tho;e;J nfhz;bUe;j me;j Muk;g fhy ehl;fspy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfSf;F nrhy;nyhz;zhf nfhLikfisj; je;J nfhz;bUe;jtH jhd; ,tH.

gj;Ug; NghHf;fsj;jpy;> ,tuJ Fyj;ijr; NrHe;j gyH nfhy;yg;gl;lhHfs;> ,d;Dk; mtuJ kfd;fspy; xUtuhd

t`;g; K];ypk;fshy; rpiw gpbf;fg;gl;lhH.

gj;Ug; NghH Kbe;J tpl;l rpy ehl;fs; fopj;J> f/ghtpy; cl;fhHe;J nfhz;bUe;j mG+ R/g;ahd; kw;Wk; cikH

Mfpa ,UtUk; jq;fSf;Fs; Ngrpf; nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ> ,e;jg; Nghhpy; Fiw\pfs; Njhw;W tpl;lJ Fwpj;J

jq;fSf;Fs; ,UtUk; fUj;Jg; ghpkhwpf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ> ,iwtd; kPJ rj;jpakhf> ek;ktHfs;

midtiuAk; ehk; ,oe;J tpl;ljd; gpd; ,e;j tho;f;ifapy; vd;d jhd; ,Uf;fpd;wJ..! vd;W mGR/g;ahd;

rypg;Gld; $wpf; nfhz;lhH.

cikH $wpdhH> ePq;fs; nrhy;tJ rhp jhd;. vdf;F kl;Lk; fld; gS ,y;yhky; ,Ue;jpUe;jhy;> ,d;Dk; vdJ

FLk;gj;jpw;Fhpa Njitia epiwNtw;Wk; epiyAk; ,y;yhjpUe;jhy;> ehd; kjPdhtpw;Fr; nrd;W me;j K`k;kjpd;

fOj;ijf; nfha;J te;J tpLNtd; vd;W cWkpdhH.

mG+R/g;ahd; $wpdhH> ckf;F ,t;tsT caHe;j Nehf;fnkhd;W ,Uf;Fnkd;why;> mJ gw;wp ePH ftiyg;gl

Ntz;lhk;. ckJ flid jpUg;gpr; nrYj;Jk; nghWg;ig ehd; Vw;fpd;Nwd;. ckJ FLk;gj;jpw;Fj; Njitahd

tho;f;if trjpfisAk; ehd; nghWg;Ngw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;> ehd; mtHfis vd; FLk;gj;jtHfs; Nghyf;

fhg;ghw;WNtd; vd;W $wpdhH.

,UtUf;FkpilNa ,e;j ufrpa xg;ge;jk; epiwNtwpa gpd;dH> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisf; nfhiy nra;Ak;

Nehf;fj;Jld; cikH kjPdhit Nehf;fpg; gazg;glyhdhH. ed;F jPl;lg;gl;l> tp\k; Njha;f;fg;gl;l

thnshd;iwAk; jd;Dld; vLj;Jr; nry;yyhdhH.

xUehs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kjPdhtpd; gs;spapy; mkHe;J nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ ckH (uyp)

mtHfs; jdJ NjhoHfSld; me;j gj;Ug; NghH Fwpj;Jk;> mjpy; ,iwtd; Ghpe;j NguUs; Fwpj;Jk; Ngrpf;

nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ> kjPdhtpd; gs;spthrypd; fjtUNf> cikH d; epoy; mirit ckH (uyp) mtHfs; fz;L

tpl;lhHfs;. cikH jdJ ,ilapy; thnshd;iwr; nrhWfp itj;jpUg;gijAk; mtH> ftdpf;fj; jtwtpy;iy.

cikiug; ghHj;j khj;jpuj;jpNyNa> 'my;yh`;tpd; vjphpahfpa ,e;j cikH gpd; t`;g; vd;w eha; ,q;nfjw;fhf

te;jpUf;fpd;wJ> ,iwtd; kPJ rj;jpakhf...! ,td; VjhtJ nfLjy; GhpAk; vz;zj;Jld; jhd; te;jpUf;f

Ntz;Lk;" vd;W vz;zpf; nfhz;l ckH (uyp) mtHfs;>

Neuhf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; nrd;W> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNs..!

my;yh`;tpd; vjphpahfpa cikH gpd; t`;g;> thSld; ,q;F te;jpUf;fpd;whd; vd;W $wpdhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfNsh..! ckNu..! mtiu cs;Ns tu tpLk; vd;whHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> NeNu cikhpd; nrd;W> mtuJ fOj;jpy; ,Wf;fkhd Jzp xd;iwr; Rw;wp ,Wf;fpg; gpbj;Jf;

nfhz;ltHfshf> jdJ NjhoHfis mioj;J> NjhoHfNs ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisr; Rw;wpYk; ghJfhg;G

muz; Nghy mkHe;J nfhs;Sq;fs;> ,tid ehk; ek;g KbahJ> ,td; kpfg; ngUk; tp\kpahthd; vd;W

$wpdhHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; cikiu mioj;J tUk; epiyiag; ghHj;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;>

ckNu..! Kjypy; mtiu tpLq;fs;> mtH Kd;Nd tul;Lk;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis Nehf;fp te;j cikH> me;jf; fhy tof;fg;gb fhiy tzf;fk; $wpdhH.

my;yh`;> ,jid tplr; rpwe;j tho;j;Jk; Kiwia vq;fSf;Ff; fw;Wf; nfhLj;jpUf;fpd;whd;>> cikNu..! mJ

jhd; '']yhk;""> nrhHf;f thrpfspDila tho;j;Jg; nghf;fp\k; vd;whHfs;.

cikH $wpdhH..!

ehd; vdJ kfid tpLjiy nra;J mioj;Jg; NghfNt ,q;F te;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;..!

gpd; ckJ fOj;ijr; Rw;wpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,e;j ths; vjw;F..> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; cikiug;

ghHj;Jf; Nfl;lhHfs;.

Page 63: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,iwtd; ,e;j thspid ehrkhf;fl;Lk;..! ,e;j thspidf; nfhz;L vq;fSf;F vd;d jhd; ey;yJ

ele;jpUf;fpd;wJ? vd;W cikH vhpr;rYld; $wpdhH.

ePH ,q;F te;jjd; fhuznkd;d? kPz;Lk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; Nfs;tp xd;iw cikiu Nehf;fp

tPrpdhHfs;.

vdJ kfDf;Fhpa gzaj; njhifiar; nrYj;jp tpl;L> mtid kPl;Lr; nry;tjw;fhfNt te;Njd; vd;W $wpdhH.

cikNu..!

ePUk;> mG+R/ahDk; nra;J nfhz;l xg;ge;jj;jpd; mHj;jnkd;d? mtH cdJ fld;fisAk;> ckJ FLk;gj;ijg;

ghJfhf;Fk; nghWg;igAk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;stpy;iyah? ckJ thisj; jPl;b> mjd; kPJ tp\j;ijAk; Njha;j;J

vLj;J tutpy;iyah?

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; cikiug; ghHj;J Nfs;tpf; fizfis tPrpf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;> jhd; ed;whfj;

jPl;b> tp\j;ijj; Njha;j;J vLj;J te;j thspd; $Hikia tpl> mjd; tp\j;ij tpl mjpfkhd $HikiaAk;>

fLikiaAk; nfhz;bUe;jJ ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; thHj;ijfs;> mjidj; jhq;ftpayhj cikH>

NghJk;..> NghJk;.. ePq;fs; $wpa midj;Jk; vq;fs; ,UtUf;Fs; kl;Lk; Ngrpf; nfhz;l ufrpaq;fs;> ,jid

,iwtd; kl;LNk mwpe;jtd;. epr;rakhf..! ePq;fs; ,iwtdJ J}jH jhd; vd;W Koq;fpa cikH mtHfs;>

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHspd; Kd;gjhfNt> jpUf;fypkhit nkhope;J ,];yhj;ijj; jdJ tho;tpay; newpahf

Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhH. mtuJ kfDk; tpLjiy nra;ag;gl;lhH. mtUk; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhH.

mjd; gpd; kf;fhtpw;Fj; jpUk;gpa cikH (uyp) mtHfs;> jhd; Vw;Wf; nfhz;l rj;jpaj;jpd; gf;fk; tUkhW

kf;fj;Jf; Fiw\pfSf;F miog;G tpLf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

njhOiff;fhd miog;G (ghq;F)

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kjPdhtpy; FbakHe;J tpl;l gpd;> rpy mbg;gilahd tp\aq;fis mwpKfk;

nra;jhHfs;. njhOifia epiyehl;LtJ> ]fhj; toq;FtJ> Nehd;G Nehw;gJ kw;Wk; jz;lidr; rl;lq;fis

epiwNtw;Wjy;> ,jpy; MFkhdJ - `yhy; kw;Wk; tpyf;fg;gl;lJ `uhk; Nghd;witfs; gw;wpa rl;lKk;

mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;ld.

,];yhkpa gpur;rhuj;jpd; Muk;g fhyj;jpy; njhOiff;fhd miog;G vJTk; tpLf;fg;glhkNyNa> me;je;j

Neuq;fspy; kf;fs; gs;spthrYf;F te;J $l Muk;gpj;J tpLthHfs;. ,];yhk; tsHr;rpaila tsHr;rpaila>

kf;fs; njhifAk; mjpfkhfp te;J nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ> njhOiff;F kf;fis miog;gjw;Fz;lhd Gjpa tpj

Kiw xd;iw mwpKfg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;gijg; gw;wp ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; rpe;jpf;fyhdhHfs;.

A+jHfs; nra;tJ Nghy kj;jsk; Nghd;w nghpa fUtpiaf; nfhz;L xyp vOg;gp kf;fis njhOiff;F

miof;fyhNk vd;W ,iwj;J}jH(]y;) mtHfs; Nahrpj;jhHfs;. NkYk;> ,J A+jHfisg; gpd;gw;WtJ Nghy;

cs;sjhy;> ,J xU rpwe;j top Kiw fpilahJ vd;W epidj;J mtHfs;> me;j Kbitf; if tpl;lhHfs;. gpd;

iffisj; jl;b Xir vOg;gp> mjd; %yk; kf;fisj; njhOiff;F miof;fyhNk vd;nwhU NahiridAk;

gpwe;jJ.

xUehs; ,uT egpj;NjhoHfspy; xUtuhd mg;Jy;yh gpd; i[j; (uyp) mtHfs;> njhOiff;F kf;fis vg;gb

miog;gJ vd;gJ gw;wpanjhU fditf; fhz;fpd;whHfs;> mjid ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; gpd;tUkhW

$Wfpd;whHfs; :

''vdJ fdtpy; ,iwar;rKs;s kdpjH xUtH gr;ir Milfis mzpe;j epiyapy; Njhd;wpdhH. mtuJ ifapy;

iff;nfhl;L xd;iw itj;jpUe;jhH. ehd; me;j iff;nfhl;il vdf;Fj; jUkhW Nfl;Nld;. mjw;F mtH

vjw;fhf mjidf; Nfl;fpd;wPHfs; vd;W vd;dplk; Nfl;lhH> mjw;F ehd; K];ypk;fisj; njhOiff;F

miog;gjw;fhf vdf;F ,J Njitg;gLfpd;wJ vd;W $wpNdd;. mjw;F me;j kdpjH> njhOiff;F miof;Fk;

Nehf;fj;jpw;F ,J gad;glhJ vd;W $wpdhH. mjw;F ehd;> gpd; ve;j Kiwapy; jhd; kf;fis njhOiff;F

miog;gJ vd;W Nfl;Nld;. mjw;F me;j kdpjH> gs;spapd; xU NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;l ,lj;jpy; epd;W nfhz;L>

cuj;j rg;jkpl;L> my;yh`; kpfg; nghpatd; (my;yh`{ mf;gH) vd;Wk;> ,d;Dk; ehd; my;yh`;itj; jtpu

tzf;fjpw;Fhpa ,iwtd; NtW ,y;iy vd;Wk;> njhOiff;F thUq;fs; vd;Wk; $wp kf;fisj; njhOiff;F

mioAq;fs; vd;W $wpdhH"".

Page 64: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

mg;Jy;yh gpd; i[j; (uyp) mtHfs; $wpa tz;zk;> kf;fisj; njhOiff;F miof;FkhW ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;. njhOiff;fhd Neuk; te;jJk;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; gpyhy; (uyp)

mtHfis mioj;J> mg;Jy;yh gpd; i[j; (uyp) mtHfs; $wpathW> kf;fisj; njhOiff;F miof;FkhW

$wpdhHfs;.

kf;fisf; fpsHe;njor; nra;af; $ba mstpy; gpyhy; (uyp) mtHfs; ghq;fpd; miog;ig moFgLj;jpf; $wpaTld;>

kjPdhtpy; me;j ghq;fpd; Xiriaf; Nfl;l kf;fs; midtUk;> kpd;rhuk; gha;e;jtHfshf me;j miog;ig Vw;W

gs;spia Nehf;fp tpiue;J te;jhHfs;. ckH (uyp) mtHfSk; ,e;jg; Gjpa ghq;fpd; Xiriaj; jdJ tPl;bypUe;J

nrtpkLj;J tpl;L> jdJ Mil ,Ogl gs;spia Nehf;fp tpiue;J te;jhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

tUtjw;fhf rw;W jhkjpj;j ckH(uyp) mtHfs;> ',iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNs..! ,t;thW kf;fis ghq;fpd;

%yk; miof;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zk; cq;fSf;F vt;thW Vw;gl;lJ" vd;W tpdtpdhHfs;.

mg;Jy;yh gpd; i]j; (uyp) mtHfspd; fdT jhd;> ,e;j khjphpahd Kiwiag; gpd;gw;wp kf;fisj; njhOiff;F

miof;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w cjpg;igj; je;jJ> mjid ehDk; Vw;Wf; nfhz;L> mt;thNw kf;fisj; njhOif;F

miog;G tpLf;FkhW Nfl;Lf; nfhz;Nld; vd;W> mg;Jy;yh gpd; i]j; (uyp) mtHfs; fz;l fdtpidg; gw;wpAk;

vLj;Jf; $wpdhHfs;.

ehDk; ,Nj Nghd;wnjhU fditj; jhd; fz;Nld;> Mdhy; mg;Jy;yh gpd; i]j; (uyp) mtHfs; ,e;j

tp\aj;jpy; vd;id Ke;jpf; nfhz;lhHfs;. Mdhy; mtHfs; fz;l fdtpw;Fk; ehd; fz;l fdtpw;F xU

tpj;jpahrk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; me;j tpj;jpahrk; vd;d vd;W $Wq;fs; vd;W Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lJk;> ckH (uyp)

mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; :

mg;Jy;yh gpd; i]j; (uyp) mtHfspd; $w;Wg;gb> ''my;yh`;itj; jtpu tzq;fj;jf;f ,iwtd; NtW xUtd;

,y;iy"" vd;W ehd; rhl;rp $Wfpd;Nwd;> vd;w thrfj;Jld;> ,d;Dk; ehd; ,iwj;J}jH K`k;kJ (]y;)

mtHfis my;yh`;tpd; J}jH"" vd;Wk; ehd; rhl;rp $Wfpd;Nwd;> vd;w thrfj;ijAk; ehd; nrtpkLj;Njd; vd;W

$wpdhHfs;.

,jw;Fg; gpd;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; gpyhy; (uyp) mtHfis mioj;J> ghq;Fld; Nkw;fz;l ''ehd;

,iwj;J}jH K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfis my;yh`;tpd; J}jH"" vd;Wk; ehd; rhl;rp $Wfpd;Nwd;> vd;Wk; NrHj;Jf;

$WkhW Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

gpd;dH> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; mg;Jy;yh gpd; i]j; (uyp) kw;Wk; ckH(uyp) mtHfspd; gf;fk; jpUk;gp>

'',iwtDf;Nf vy;yhg; GfOk;. vd;idg; gpd;gw;Wk; vd;Dila rj;jpaj; NjhoHfSf;F my;yh`; fdtpd; topahf

cz;ikia mUs; nra;fpd;whd;"" vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

jPHg;ig khw;wf; Nfhhpatiuj; jPHj;Jf; fl;ba ckH (uyp)

,iwj;J}jH(]y;) mtHfs; kjPdhtpw;F te;J tpl;l gpd;> A+jHfisj; jtpu kw;wtHfs; midtUk; ,];yhj;ijj;

jq;fsJ tho;tpay; newpahf Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. mtHfspy; mNefH ,];yhj;jpd; kPJ kpfTk; gpbg;ghfTk;> jPtpu

ek;gpf;if nfhz;l kf;fshfTk; ,Ue;Nj mNjNtisapy;> rpyH eatQ;rfHfshf jq;fisAk; K];ypk;fs; vd;W

fhl;bf; nfhz;L ehtpy; Vwpa ,iwek;gpf;if> ,jaj;Jf;Fs; ,wq;f kWj;J tpl;bUe;jJ. ,tHfs; ,];yhj;jpd;

tisaj;jpw;Fs; ,Ue;J nfhz;Nl> ,];yhj;jpw;F vjpuhd gy NtiyfisAk; nra;J nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. ,tHfs;

,];yhj;ij miuFiwahfj; njhpe;J itj;jpUe;jNjhL> ,];yhj;jpy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; kjpg;G

vd;dntd;Nw njhpahky; ,Ue;jdH.

mGy; m];tj; (uyp) mtHfspd; %ykhf ,e;jr; rk;gtk; tuyhw;wpy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. kjPdhtpy; tho;e;j

,uz;L kdpjHfs; ,];yhj;ij jOtpapUe;Jk;> mtHfs; ,];yhj;jpd; Nghjidfs; gw;wp KOikahd mstpy;

czuhjtHfshf ,Ue;jdH> ,e;j epiyapy;> me;j ,UtUf;Fk; ,ilNa Vw;gl;l gpur;idapy;> mjw;fhd jPHit

toq;FkhW me;jg; gpur;idia ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; nfhz;L nrd;whHfs;. ,UtuJ thjq;fisAk;

Nfl;Lf; nfhz;l ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> mtHfspy; xUtuJ thjk; jhd; rhpahdJ vd;W jPHg;Gf; $wp

tpLfpd;whHfs;. ,jdhy; vtUf;F vjpuhfj; jPHg;G mike;jNjh> mtUf;F me;jj; jPHg;gpd; kPJ jpUg;jp

Vw;gltpy;iy> vdNt> me;j tof;if ckH (uyp) mtHfsplk; nfhz;L nrd;W> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd;

jPHg;Gf;F khw;wkhd jPHg;ig vjpHghHg;gjhff; $Wfpd;whH.

Page 65: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,UtuJ tof;ifAk; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;l ckH(uyp) mtHfs;> cq;fspy; kWghprPyidiaf; NfhUtJ ahH? vd;W

Nfl;L tpl;L>

k;.. k;..! '',iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; jPHg;gpd; kPJ cq;fSf;F jpUg;jp Vw;gltpy;iy> me;jj; jPHg;ig

kWghprPyid nra;AkhW Nfl;fpd;wPHfs;"".

me;j kdpjH mjw;F> 'Mk;" ckH mtHfNs..! vd;W $wpdhH.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; cq;fs; tof;if Ma;T nra;J jPHg;Gf; $wpa gpd;dH> mtuJ jPHg;ig khw;Wk;gbf;

NfhUfpd;wPHfs;.

''ePq;fs; K];ypk; jhNd""> vd;W Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhH ckH (uyp) mtHfs;.

''Mk;> ehd; K];ypk; jhd;"" me;j kdpjH gjpy; $wpdhH.

nfhQ;r Neuk; rw;Wg; nghWj;jpUq;fs;. tpiutpy; ehd; vd;Dila Kbitf; $Wfpd;Nwd;> mJ cq;fisj;

jpUg;jpg;gLj;jf; $bajhf ,Uf;Fk;""> vd;W $wp tpl;L>

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ tPl;bw;Fs; nrd;W> jdJ ifapy; xU this vLj;J te;J> me;j kdpjiu xNu xU

NghL Nghl;L tpl;L> ''ck; kPJ ehrk; cz;lhfl;Lk;> xU K];ypkhf ,Ue;J nfhz;L> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs; toq;fpa jPHg;Gf;F vjpuhf vd;id jPHg;Gf; $wr; nrhy;fpd;wPuh? eP ,];yhj;ij tpl;L ntspNawpa ghtp>

,];yhj;ij tpl;L ntspNawpajd; jz;lid> ,e;jr; rhT jhd;"" vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

kw;w kdpjH ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; Xbr; nrd;W> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNs..! ckH mtHfs;..!

vdJ Njhoiuf; nfhiy nra;J tpl;lhHfs; vd;W $wpdhH.

ckH (uyp) mtHfis mioj;J tUk;gb Ms; mDg;gp itj;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> ckH (uyp)

mtHfsplk; ,e;jf; nfhiyf;fhd tpsf;fj;ijf; $WkhW Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpd;whHfs;. ckH (uyp) mtHfs;

$wpdhHfs;> ''cq;fsplk; ngw;W tpl;l gpwF> cq;fsJ jPHg;Gf;F vjpuhd jPHg;ig toq;FkhW ,tHfs; vd;dplk;

te;J jq;fs; tof;iff; $wpdhHfs;> cq;fsJ jPHg;gpy; jpUg;jp nfhs;shj mtiuf; nfhiy nra;jJ> rhpahd

jz;lid jhd; vd;W $wpdhHfs;"".

,e;jg; gpur;idapy; ,iwtd; njspthd topfhl;liyj; jUk; tiuf;Fk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jPHg;G

toq;fhky;> jPHg;ig xj;jp itj;jhHfs;.

ck; ,iwtd; Nky; rj;jpakhf> mtHfs; jq;fspilNa vOe;j rr;ruTfspy; ck;ik ePjpgjpahf> Vw;Wg; gpd;dH ePH

jPHg;G nra;jJ gw;wp vj;jifa mjpUg;jpiaAk; jk; kdq;fspy; nfhs;shJ (mj;jPHg;ig) Kw;wpYk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;shj

tiuapy;> mtHfs; ek;gpf;if nfhz;ltHfs; Mfkhl;lhHfs;. (4:65)

ahH ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; kPJ KO ek;gpf;if nfhs;stpy;iyNah> mtHfs; ek;gpf;ifahsH my;y vd;w

trdj;ij ,iwtd; ,wf;fp mUspdhd;. ,];yhj;jpy; ,iwek;gpf;if nfhs;tjw;F ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd;

kPJk; KO ek;gpf;if nfhs;tJ mtrpakhdnjhd;W vd;w ,iwtrdj;jpd; fl;lisapd;gb> ckH (uyp) mtHfs;

me;j kdpjiuf; nfhiy nra;jJ rhpahdJ jhd; vd;W jPHthfpaJ. ckH (uyp) mtHfis ek;gpf;ifahsHfisf;

nfhiy nra;j Fw;wj;jpypUe;J ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> Nkw;fz;l trdj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; tpLjiy

nra;jhHfs;.

c`Jg; NghH

gj;Ug; Nghiu mLj;J ele;j NghH jhd; c`Jg; NghH.

K];ypk; vjpHj;J fsk; fhZtjw;fhf 3000 NgH nfhz;l gilfSld; Fiw\pfs; gj;U vd;Dk; ,lj;jpy; $b

epd;wdH. ,jw;Fg; gjpyb nfhLg;gjw;fhf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; 1000 NgH nfhz;l K];ypk;fspd; giliaj;

jahH nra;jhHfs;. ,jpy; filrp Neuj;jpy; eatQ;rfdhd mg;Jy;yh ,g;D cig jdJ MjuthsHfis

tpyf;fpf; nfhz;lJ Nghf> vQ;rpNahH 700 NgHfis Fiw\pfisf; fsk; fhz c`Jg; NghH Kfj;Jf;F

te;jpUe;jhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; K];ypk;fspd; gilia rPH nra;J jahH nra;J itj;jpUe;jhHfs;. mjpy; xU gphpit

K];ypk;fspd; gil mikj;jpUe;j gFjpf;Fg; gpd;GwKs;s fztha;g; gFjpapy; tpy; tpj;ijf; fhuHfis epWj;jp>

vf;fhuzk; nfhz;L vdJ cj;jutpd;wp me;j ,lj;ij tpl;Lk; mfyf; $lhJ vd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

Page 66: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

me;jf; FOtpdUf;Ff; fl;lisapl;bUe;jhHfs;.

Fiw\pfs; jq;fSld; ngz;fisAk; mioj;J te;jpUe;jhHfs;. mtHfs; nfhl;Lfis mbj;Jf; nfhz;L> ghl;Lg;

ghbf; nfhz;L jq;fsJ Mz;fis cw;rhfg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. mtHfs; ,t;thW ghbf;

nfhz;bUe;jhHfs; :

ehq;fs; mjpfhiy el;rj;jpuj;jpd; kfs;fs;

vq;fsJ ghjq;fs; Gw;fspd; Nky; ele;J gofpait

ePq;fs; Kd;Ndwpdhy; cq;fis mizj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;

ePq;fs; GwKJfpl;Lj; jpUk;gpdhy; cq;fis tpl;Lk; nrd;W tpLNthk;

vd;W ghbf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;.

Fiw\pfs; jq;fsJ KO gyj;Jld; K];ypk;fSld; NkhjpdhHfs;> Mdhy; mjw;F vjpHj;jhf;Fjiy

Ntfj;JlDk;> tpNtfj;JlDk; K];ypk;fs; njhLj;jhHfs;. K];ypk;fspd; vjpHj;jhf;Fjypd; fhuzkhf>

vjphpfisj; Jtk;rk; nra;J mtHfsJ mzpfis rpjwbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd;

fl;lisiaAk; kPwp> fzthapd; kPJ epw;f itj;jpUe;j tpy; tpj;ij tPuHfs;> vjphpfs; gae;Njhb tpl;lhHfs;

vd;gjhff; fzpj;Jf; nfhz;L me;j ,lj;ij tpl;Lk; mfd;W tpl;lhHfs;. ,e;jr; #o;epiyia jq;fSf;F

rhjfkhfg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;l> mg;nghOJ ,];yhj;ijj; jOthky; vjhpfspd; jug;gpy; ,Ue;j fhypj; gpd;

tyPj; mtHfs;> K];ypk;fisf; fztha; topahfj; jhf;fpf; nfhz;L te;jNjhly;yhky;> K];ypk;fSf;Ff;

fLikahd Nrjj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;jp tpl;lhH.

tpy; tpj;ijf; fhuHfs; epd;W nfhz;bUe;j ,lj;ijAk; Mf;fpukpj;Jf; nfhz;lNjhL> K];ypk;fSf;F Kd;gpUe;Jk;>

gpd;dhy; ,Ue;Jk; Fiw\pfs; jhf;fj; njhlq;fpdhHfs;. ,e;jf; Fog;gj;jpd; fhuzkhf gy K];ypk;fs; tPuj;

jpahfpfshdhHfs;. ,e;jj; jhf;Fjypy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSk; $l fLikahfg; ghjpf;fg;gl;L> rpwpJ Neuk;

gLfhak; fhuzkhf tpOe;J tpl;lhHfs;> ,jidf; fz;l mtHfsJ NjhoHfs; $l ,we;J tpl;ljhfNt

epidj;jhHfs;. mg;NghJ vjphpfspd; jug;gpy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisf; nfhiy nra;J tpl;ljhf rg;jkpl;L

Guspiaf; fpsg;gpf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,we;J tpl;ljhff; fpsk;gp GuspahdJ> K];ypk;fis mr;rk; nfhs;sr; nra;jJ>

vq;Fk; Fog;gk; jiytphpj;jhbaJ. rpy K];ypk;fs; vy;yhk; Kbe;J tpl;lJ vd;W epidj;Jf; nfhz;L> kjPdhit

Nehf;fp tpiua Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ckH(uyp) mtHfs; ,e;jr; nra;jpiaf; Nfs;tpg;gl;lJld;> ',dp NghhpLtjpy; vd;d

gad; ,Uf;fpd;wJ"> vd;W $wp thisj; J}f;fp vwpa KbT nra;J tpl;;lhHfs;.

md]; gpd; ej;H (uyp) mtHfs; ckH (uyp) mtHfisf; fle;J nry;fpd;whHfs;> mg;nghOJ ckNu..!

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; epiy vd;dntd;W tpdTfpd;whHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; nfhy;yg;gl;L tpl;ljhf nra;jpfs; tUfpd;wdNt vd;whHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,we;J tpl;lhy; vd;d> my;yh`;tpd; ghijapy; NghhpLtjdpd;Wk; cq;fisj; jLg;gJ

vJ> my;yh`; vg;nghOJk; tho;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wtdpy;iyah..! vd;whHfs;. ,t;thW md]; (uyp) mtHfs;

$wpf; nfhz;Nl vjphpfis Nehf;fpf; fsk; GFe;j mtH> vOgJ fhaq;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;L tPuj; jpahfpahf

MdhH. mtuJ capH fsj;jpNyNa gphpe;jJ.

gpd;dH> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; xU ,lj;jpy; fhak;gl;L tPo;e;J fplg;gJ njhpe;J. me;j ,lj;ijr; Rw;wpYk;

myp (uyp) mG+gf;fH (uyp)> ckH (uyp)> jy;`h (uyp)> RigH (uyp) kw;Wk; `hhpj; (uyp) MfpNahH Rw;wp epd;W

nfhz;L> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisg; ghJfhg;ghd ,lj;jpw;F mg;Gwg;gLj;jpdhHfs;.

mG+R/g;ahd; mtHfs; ,g;nghOJ xU Fd;wpd; kPJ Vwp epd;W nfhz;L> ''K`k;kJ ,d;Dk; capUld;

,Uf;fpd;whuh?"" vd;W Nfl;L rg;jkpl Muk;gpj;jhH. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> ,jw;F kWnkhop gfu Ntz;lhk;

vd;W jdJ NjhoHfisf; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

mG+ R/g;ahd; gpd; mG+gf;fH (uyp) kw;Wk; ckH (uyp) MfpNahHfisg; ngaH $wp mioj;jhH. ve;j kWnkhopAk;

nfhLf;fg;gltpy;iy. gpd; mG+ R/g;ahd; rg;jkpl;L> ''midtUk; nfhy;yg;gl;L tpl;lhHfsh"" vd;W $wpdhH.

me;j Neuj;jpy;> jd;idf; fl;Lg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s ,ayhj ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> ''my;yh`;tpd; vjphpNa> ehq;fs;

Page 67: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

midtUk; capUld; jhd; ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;"" vd;whHfs;.

rpwpJ czHr;rpf; nfhe;jspg;gpw;Fg; gpd; mG+R/g;ahd; fj;j Muk;gpj;jhH> ''`{g;gYf;Nf Gfoidj;Jk;"" vd;whH.

,g;nghOJ> ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> ''my;yh`;Nt caHe;NjhDk;> kpfg; nghpatDkhthd;"" vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ> mG+ R/g;ahd;> ''c];]h vq;fSld; ,Uf;fpd;wJ> ,d;Dk; cq;fSld; ve;jf; flTSkpy;iy"" vd;W

$wpdhH.

,g;nghOJ ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> ''my;yh`;Nt vq;fsJ ,iwtd;> cq;fSf;Fj; jhd; tzq;Fk; ,iwtd;

,y;iy"" vd;W $wpdhH.

,uz;L gilfSk; NghH Kfj;ij tpl;Lk; jq;fsJ ghriwfSf;Fj; jpUk;gpa nghOJ> K];ypk;fspd; jug;gpy; 70

NgH ,we;jpUe;jdH. ,e;jg; Nghhpy; Fiw\pfspd; ifNa Xq;fpapUe;jJ. gj;hpy; Vw;gl;l Njhy;tpf;F gopf;Fg;gop

thq;fp tpl;ljhf mtHfs;> jpUg;jpgl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,d;Dk; kjPdhit Nehf;fp gil vLj;Jr; nry;Yk;

Nehf;fKk; mtHfsplk; ,y;yhjpUe;jJ. kf;fhtpw;Fj; jpUk;gpr; nry;yNt mtHfs; tpUk;gpdhHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfisg; nghwhikg;gl itj;j kdpjH

t`g; gpd; fhG+]; (uyp) mtHfs; xU ML Nka;f;Fk; ,ilauhf ,Ue;jhH. xUehs; mtH ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfisr; re;jpg;gjw;fhf kjPdhtpw;Fs; tUfpd;whHfs;. mtUld; mtUila kUkfDk; MLfis Xl;bf; nfhz;L

tUfpd;whHfs;.

t`g; (uyp) mtHfs; kjPdhit te;jile;jJk;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; c`Jg; NghHf; fsj;jpw;Fr;

nrd;wpUg;gjhf mwpfpd;whHfs;. ,jidf; Nfs;tpg;gl;l t`g; (uyp) mtHfs;> jdJ kUfidAk;> Ml;L

ke;ijiaAk; kjPdhtpNyNa tpl;L tpl;L> mtUk; Fiw\pfisr; re;jpg;gjw;fhf c`Jg; NghHf;fsj;ij Nehf;fp

tpiufpd;whHfs;.

c`ij t`g; (uyp) mtHfs; milfpd;w Neuj;jpy;> NghH cr;r fl;l epiyapy; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

Fiw\pfspd; xU FO Kd;Ndwpf; nfhz;bUe;jJ> mtHfs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis jhf;Fjtw;fhf

tpiue;J nfhz;bUg;gijf; fz;lhHfs;. ,j;jjifa kpfTk; Nkhrkhd epiyapy;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

jdJ NjhoHfisg; ghHj;J ,t;thW $wpdhHfs; :

'',e;jf; Fiw\pf; $l;lj;ij ahH tpul;b mbf;fpd;whHfNsh> mtH vd;Dld; Rtdj;jpy; ,Ug;ghH"" vd;w

ew;nra;jpia mwptpf;fpd;whHfs;.

,e;j ew;nra;jpiar; nrtpkLj;j t`;g; (uyp) mtHfs; NghHf;fsj;jpw;Fs; tpiufpd;whHfs;. rpyiuf; nfhd;Wk;> rpyH

tpuz;NlhLk; epiyiaAk; Vw;gLj;Jfpd;whHfs;. jdpnahU Mshf epd;W nfhz;L Fiw\pfSld; t`g; (uyp)

mtHfs; NghhpLk; me;jf; fhl;rpia ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfis neUq;fpa me;jf; Fiw\pf; $l;lj;ij tpul;b mbj;J tpl;l gpd;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfSf;F mUfhikapy; te;j t`g; (uyp) mtHfSf;F> Rtdj;jpw;fhd ed;khuhaj;ij ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs; toq;Ffpd;whHfs;. Rtdj;jpw;fhd ew;nra;jpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l t`g; (uyp) mtHfsJ cs;sk;

czHr;rp Nkypl re;Njh\ vy;iyiaNa njhl;L epd;wJ.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ tjdq;fspypUe;J vg;nghOJ Rtdj;jpw;fhd ew;nra;jpiag; ngw;Wf;

nfhz;lhHfNsh> mg;nghONj jdJ ifapy; this vLj;Jf; nfhz;L> vjphpfis Nehf;fpf; fsk; GFe;jhHfs;.

Nkfj;ijf; fpopj;Jf; nfhz;L nry;Yk; kpd;dy; Nghy> Fiw\pfspd; mzpia ClWj;Jr; nrd;W

nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. vjpHg;gLk; Fiw\pfisj; jdJ thSf;F ,iuahf;fpr; nrd;W nfhz;bUe;j mtHfis>

Fiw\pfspd; $l;lk; Rw;wp tisj;Jf; nfhz;lJ. vjphpfSf;F kj;jpapy; mfg;gl;Lf; nfhz;l t`g; (uyp)

mtHfspd; Nkdpapy;gl;l fhaq;fspypUe;J ,uj;jk; tope;Njhbf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. fhaq;fspypUe;J ,uj;jk;

tope;Njhbf; nfhz;bUe;jhYk;> ,iltplhJ Nghhpl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. ,uj;jk; mjpfkhf ntspNawp tplNt>

capuw;w rlkhf epyj;jpy; tPo;e;jhHfs; t`g; (uyp) mtHfs;.

NghH Kbe;jTld;> K];ypk;fs; ,we;J Nghd jq;fsJ NjhoHfspd; cly;fisj; Njbr; Nrfhpj;jhHfs;.

,];yhj;jpw;fhf capH Jwe;j me;j cj;jkHfspd; Kd;ghf epd;W nfhz;bUe;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

$wpdhHfs; :

''X t`g;..! ePq;fs; vd;idg; nghUe;jpf; nfhz;BHfs;> my;yh`; cq;fisg; nghUe;jpf; nfhs;thdhf..!""

Page 68: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

me;j Neuj;jpy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSk;> fhakile;jpUe;jhHfs;. ,Ue;j NghjpYk; t`g; (uyp)

mtHfSf;fhf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; [dh]hj; njhOif elj;jpdhHfs;> jdJ jpUf;fuq;fshy; t`g;

(uyp) mtHfsJ cliy> kz;ziwapy; itj;jhHfs;. t`g; (uyp) mtHfspd; tPuj;ijj; jdJ fz;fshy; fz;L>

Mr;rhpag;gl;Lg; Nghd ckH(uyp) mtHfs; mbf;fb ,t;thW $wf; $batHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs; :

''t`g; igf; fhl;bYk; ,d;ndhUtH kPJ ehd; ,e;jsT nghwikg;gl;ljpy;iy. ,jidf; fhl;bYk; rpwe;j

ew;nray;fSld; ehis ,iwtidr; re;jpf;f ehd; ehLfpd;Nwd;"".

`/g;]h (uyp)

`/g;]h (uyp) mtHfs; ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; kfshthH. c];khd; gpd; k#H (uyp) vd;w gpugykhd

egpj;Njhohpd; jq;if i]dg; (uyp) mtHfs; jhd; ,tUila jhahH MthH.

kf;fhtpy; tho;e;J nfhz;bUe;j ,tH> Fid]; gpd; `{ij/gh vd;w gD} \`;k; vd;w Fiw\pf; Fyj;ijr;

NrHe;jnjhU NjhoUf;F kzKbf;fg;gl;bUe;jhH. ,tH> Muk;g fhyj;jpy; ,];yhj;ijj; jOtpatuhthH. ,tH

mgP]Pdpa;ah kw;Wk; kjPdh Mfpa ,uz;L `p[;uj;Jf;fspYk; ,lk; ngw;w> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

ngUkjpg;gpw;Fhpa NjhohuhthH.

kjPdhtpy; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUe;j fhy fl;lj;jpy; gj;H kw;Wk; c`Jg; NghHfspYk; ,tH fye;J nfhz;lhH.

c`Jg; Nghhpy; fye;J nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ> fLikahd fhaq;fSf;F cs;shdhH. me;j fhaq;fspd;

fhuzkhfNt mtH kuzj;ijAk; jOt NeHe;jJ. ,jd; %yk; `/g;]h (uyp) mtHfs; ,sikapNyNa

tpjitahdhHfs;.

jdJ kfs; ,sikapNyNa tpjitahdJ Fwpj;J ckH (uyp) mtHfs; kpfTk; ftiy nfhz;lhHfs;. `/g;]h

(uyp) mtHfs; ,j;jh vd;w fhj;jpUg;Gf; fhyj;ij epiwT nra;jTld;> jdJ kfSf;F kWkzk; nra;tpf;f ckH

(uyp) mtHfs; tpUk;gpdhHfs;. ,aw;ifapy;> je;ijahiug; NghyNt> `/g;]h (uyp) mtHfs; vspjpy; czHr;rp

trg;glf; $batuhf ,Ue;jhHfs;. vdNt> ,jw;F <L nfhLj;Jr; nry;yf; $ba tajhd xUtUf;F

kzKbj;Jf; nfhLg;gNj rpwe;jJ vd;W ckH (uyp) mtHfs; fUjpdhHfs;.

vdNt> ckH (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ kfSf;fhd rhpahd ,izahf> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; ,Uf;ff; $Lk; vd;W

epidj;J ckH (uyp) mtHfs; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfis mZfp> jdJ kfs; `/g;]h (uyp) mtHfis

kzKbj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;gb Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpd;whHfs;. jdJ Nfhhpf;if kWg;NgJk; nrhy;yhky; mGgf;fH (uyp)

mtHfs; Vw;Wf; nfhs;thHfs; vd;Wk; vjpHghHj;jhHfs;. Mdhy; ,jw;F gjpNyJk; nrhy;yhky; mGgf;fH (uyp)

mtHfs; kTdk; rhjpg;gJ Fwpj;J> ckH (uyp) mtHfs; Vkhw;wkile;jhHfs;. ifaW epiyapypUf;Fk; ez;gUf;F

cjTk; kdk; nfhz;ltuhf mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; ,y;iyNa vd;W ckH (uyp) mtHfs; kdk;

ntJk;Gfpd;whHfs;.

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ Nfhhpf;ifia Vw;Wf; nfhs;s kWj;J tpl;ljid mwpe;j ckH (uyp) mtHfs;

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfis mZFfpd;whHfs;. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; kfshuhd

Uf;ifah (uyp) mtHfis kze;jpUe;jhHfs;. Uf;ifah (uyp) mtHfs; kuzkile;jJld;> `/g;]h (uyp)

mtHfis kze;J nfhs;SkhW ckH (uyp) mtHfs; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfsplk; NfhUfpd;whHfs;. rpy ehl;fs;

fopj;J cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfisr; re;jpj;j ckH (uyp) mtHfsplk;> Uf;ifah (uyp) mtHfsJ kuzj;jpdhy;

Vw;gl;l ftiy jd;id kpifj;jpUg;gjhff; $wpa cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs;> rpwpJ fhyk; nry;yl;Lk; vd;W $wp

tpLfpd;whHfs;.

jdJ Nfhhpf;ifia mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSk;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSk; epuhfhpj;J tpl;lhHfNs vd;W kdk;

ntJk;gpa ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> Neubahf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; nrd;whHfs;. ftiy Njha;e;j

Kfj;Jld; jd;id Nehf;fp tUfpd;w jdJ Njhoiug; ghHj;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> ckNu..! cq;fisf;

ftiyg;gl itj;jJ vJ? vd;W tpdTfpd;whHfs;. mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSk;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSk; vdJ

Nerf; fuj;ij cjwpj; js;sp tpl;lhHfs;> vd;W jdJ kdjpw;Fs; kiwj;J itj;jpUe;j mj;jidiaAk; nfhl;bj;

jPHj;J tpl;lhHfs;.

ckNu..! cq;fsJ kdijr; #o;e;J ft;tpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ftiy Nkfq;fisg; gw;wp ehdwpNtd;. ePq;fs;

,];yhj;jpw;fhfr; nra;j Nritfisg; gw;wpAk; ehdwpNtd;. ftiyiaf; iftpLq;fs; vd;W $wpa ,iwj;J}jH

Page 69: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

(]y;) mtHfs;> ''cJkhid tplr; rpwe;jnjhU Jizia cq;fsJ kfs; `/g;]h ngw;Wf; nfhs;thH.

`/g;]hit tplr; rpwe;j Jizia cJkhd; ngw;Wf; nfhs;thH"" vd;W ed;khuhaq; $wpdhHfs;.

,jDila mHj;jk; vd;dntdpy;> `/g;]h (uyp) mtHfis ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNs kzf;f tpUk;gpdhHfs;.

,e;jr; nra;jpiaj; jdJ fhjhy; Nfs;tpg;gl;l ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> czHr;rpapd; tpspk;gpw;Nf nrd;W tpl;lhHfs;.

jdJ ed;wpiaj; njhptpf;F Kfkhf> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; fuq;fspy; Kj;jkpl;l ckH (uyp) mtHfs;>

tpiue;J tPl;bw;Fr; nrd;W ,e;j ew;nra;jpia jdJ kfSf;F mwptpj;jhHfs;.

gpd;dH ckH (uyp) mtHfs; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsplk; nrd;whHfs;. jdJ Njhohpd; Kfj;jpy; re;Njh\j;jpd;

Nuiffs; mUk;gpapUg;gijf; fz;lhHfs; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;> ckH (uyp) mtHfisg; ghHj;Jf; $wpdhHfs;>

ckNu..! cq;fsJ kfs; `/g;]h (uyp) mtHfis> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kzf;f tpUk;gpapUe;j

fhuzj;jpdhy; jhd;> cq;fsJ Nfhhpf;ifia vd;dhy; Vw;Wf; nfhs;s ,aytpy;iy. Mdhy; cq;fsJ me;jf;

Nfhhpf;ifia Vw;Wf; nfhs;tijNa ehd; kpfg; ngUk; fz;zpakhf epidj;jpUe;Njd; vd;Wk; $wpdhHfs;.

mjd; gpwF ckH (uyp) mtHfs; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfsplk; nrd;whHfs;. ckH (uyp) mtHfSila

Nfhhpf;ifiaj; jhd; Vw;Wf; nfhs;s ,ayhjjw;fhd tUj;jj;ijj; njhptpj;Jf; nfhz;l cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs;>

''cq;fsJ kfs; tptfhuk; Fwpj;J Vw;fdNt ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; vd;dplk; NgrpapUf;fpd;whHfs;. ,d;Dk;

Uf;ifah (uyp) mtHfs; ,we;jjd; gpd;dhs;> jdJ ,isa kfshd ck;K Fy;J}k; (uyp) mtHfis kze;J

nfhs;Sk;gb vd;dplk; $wp tpl;L> `/g;]h (uyp) mtHfisj; jhNd kzf;f ,Ug;gjhfTk; njhptpj;jpUe;jhHfs;.

,jd; fhuzkhfNt> ehd; cq;fsJ Nfhhpf;ifia Vw;Wf; nfhs;s ,ayhkypUe;jJ vd;Wk; $wpdhHfs;.

mjd; gpd; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; md;id `/g;]h (uyp) mtHfis kze;J nfhz;lhHfs;. ,jd;

fhuzkhf> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSld;> ckH (uyp) mtHfSk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F khkdhH vd;w

rpwg;Gj; jFjpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

A+jHfs;

kjPdhtpy; xU Fwpg;gpl;l mstpy; A+jHfs; tho;e;J te;jhHfs;. mtHfs; trjpkpf;ftHfshfTk; kw;Wk; kjpdhtpd;

#o;epiyapy; mjpf jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jf; $batHfshfTk; ,Ue;jhHfs;. ,e;j A+jHfisg; nghWj;jtiu>

''tho;e;J tpl;Lg; Nghfl;Lk;"" vd;w nfhs;ifiaf; nfhz;ltHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;. ,e;j mbg;gilapy;> A+jHfsplk;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; xg;ge;jq;fisr; nra;J nfhz;lhHfs;. ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; A+jHfs;

KOikahd kjr; Rje;jpuj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;thHfs;> ,jpy; K];ypk;fs; ve;jtpjj;jpYk; jiyapl khl;lhHfs;.

kw;Wk; K];ypk;fSk; A+jHfSk; gu];gu xj;Jiog;gpd; mbg;gilapy; nghJthd jq;fsJ eyd;fspy; xUtH

kw;wtUf;F cjtpf; nfhs;tJ vd;Wk;> kjPdhit vjphpfs; jhf;f te;jhy; ,UtUk; ,ize;Nj efuj;ijg;

ghJfhg;gJ vd;Wk; xg;ge;jq;fisr; nra;J nfhz;lhHfs;. K];ypk;fSk;> A+jHfSk; ,ize;J kjPdh efiug;

ghJfhg;Gk; nghWg;ig Vw;wpUf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy;> Fiw\pfSf;F cjTtjw;nfd;W ahUk; ,Uf;f khl;lhHfs; vd;w

epiyia ,e;j xg;ge;jk; %yk; vjpHghHf;fg;gl;l Kjw; gydkhFk;.

,d;Dk;> jq;fsJ Ntj thf;fpaq;fspd;gb mNugpahtpy; xU ,iwj;J}jnuhUtH te;Jjpf;fg; Nghfpd;whH vd;W

ek;gpf;if nfhz;bUe;jdH. ,d;Dk; me;jj; J}jH jq;fspy; ,Ue;Nj cjpf;f ,Uf;fpd;whH vd;Wk; mtHfs; ek;gpf;

nfhz;bUe;jdH. Mdhy;> ,tHfsJ ek;gpf;iff;F khwhf> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; Fiw\pf; Fyj;jpypUe;J

te;Jjpj;jTld;> A+jHfs; midtUk; jq;fsJ Ntjj;jpy; ,iwj;J}jH gw;wpa milahsq;fs; midj;ijAk;

kPsha;T nra;a Muk;gpj;jdH. ,d;Dk;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kjpdhtpw;F te;jTld;> mtH jq;fsJ

Nkyhz;ikia xLf;fg; Nghfpd;whH vd;Wk; epidf;f Muk;gpj;jdH. ,d;Dk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

K];ypk;fSf;nfd jdpj;Jtkhd nfhs;ifia tFj;njLj;J toq;fpaTld;> fho;g;GzHT nfhz;l A+jHfs;

K];ypk;fSf;F vjpuhfTk;> ,];yhj;jpw;F vjpuhfTk; gw;gy fl;Lf; fijfisAk;> ,d;Dk; gopthq;Fk;

nray;fisAk; Jtq;f Muk;gpj;jdH.

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; A+jHfs; Ngrf; $ba `Pg;& nkhopia mwpe;jtuhfTk;> mjidg; Ngrf; $batuhfTk;

,Ue;jhH. mbg;gilapy; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; xU tpahghhpahf ,Ue;j fhuzj;jpdhy;> A+jHfSld; ey;ynjhU

ghpr;rak; mtUf;fpUe;jJ. K];ypk;fsplk; kl;Lky;y> A+jHfsplKk; $l ckH(uyp) mtHfs; nry;thf;F

tha;e;jtuhf ,Ue;jhH. xUehs;> A+jHfs; jq;fsJ Ntjkhd njsuhj;jpd; gpujp xd;iw> ckH (uyp) mtHfsplk;

toq;fpdhHfs;. me;j njsuhj;jpd; gpujpia vLj;Jf; nfhz;L ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; r%fk; te;jile;j

ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNs> ,J njsuhj; Ntjj;jpd; gpujpahFk; vd;whHfs;. mg;nghOJ

Page 70: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSk; kw;w rpy NjhoHfSk; mq;F mkHe;jpUe;jdH. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNsh..> ckH

(uyp) mtHfs; $Wtijf; ftdpf;fhjtH Nghy ,Ue;jhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> jd;idf;

ftdpf;fhjpUg;gij czHe;j ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> me;jg; gpujpapypUe;J rpy thrfq;fisg; gbf;f Muk;gpj;J

tpl;lhHfs;. ,e;j epiyapy;> ckH (uyp) mtHfs; gf;fk; jpUk;gp mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;> ''ckNu ePq;fs; vd;d

Ntiy nra;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wPHfs;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; cq;fis vt;thW ftdpj;Jf;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;gij mtHfsJ Kfj;ijr; rw;Wf; ftdpj;Jg; ghUq;fs;? vd;whHfs;. mg;nghOJ ckH

(uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;> '',iwtdJk;> mtdJ J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ Nfhgj;jpw;F Mshtjdpd;Wk; ehd;

ghJfhty; NjLfpd;Nwd;"". my;yh`;Nt tzq;fj;jf;f ,iwtd; vd;Wk;> ,];yhj;ij mtdJ khHf;fkhfTk;>

K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfis mtdJ jpUj;J}juhfTk; ehq;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;Nlhk;> mjpy; jpUg;jpAk; fz;Nlhk;

vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

mg;nghOJ ckH (uyp) mtHfisg; ghHj;J ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; :

ckNu..! ,e;j K`k;kjpDila capH vtd; iftrk; cs;sNjh mtd; kPJ rj;jpakhf> ePH mtHfisg;

gpd;gw;wpatuhf> ,e;j K`k;kijf; if tpLtPH vd;W nrhd;dhy;> ePH top jtwpauhtPH> ,d;Dk; NeHtopiaj; jtw

tpl;ltuhtPH. ,e;j rkaj;jpy; (%]h (miy) mtHfs; capNuhL ,Uf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy;> mtUk; vd;idNa gpd;gw;wf;

$batuhf ,Ug;ghH. gpd;G A+jHfisf; Fwpg;gpl;L ,t;thW ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;> ''me;j

A+jHfs; (jq;fSf;F NeHtop fhl;l te;j) J}jiuNa nfhiy nra;J tpl;lhHfs;> ,j;jifatHfs; vt;thW

cq;fSf;F ez;gHfshf ,Uf;f KbAk;? vd;whHfs;"".

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; jd;Dila ez;gHfs; rpyhplk;> njsuhj;jpy; ,iwj;J}jH K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfisg; gw;wp

VNjDk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sjh? vd;W tpdtpdhHfs;. mtHfs; Mk;..! vd;W MNkhjpj;jhHfs;. gpd; Vd; ePq;fs;

mtiuj; J}jnud;W xg;Gf; nfhs;s kWf;fpd;wPHfs; vd;W Nfl;lhHfs;. mjw;F mtHfs;> '',iwtd; jdJ

nra;jpfis (thdtH jiytuhd) [pg;hPy; mtHfs; %ykhf K`k;kJ mtHfSf;F toq;Ffpd;whd;> mj;jifa

[pg;hPy; vq;fSila vjphpahthH"" vd;W $wpdhHfs;. ,jid ckH (uyp) mtHfs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk;

$wpdhHfs;> ,jid mLj;J fPo;f;fz;l trdj;ij ,iwtd; ,wf;fpaUspdhd; :

ahH [pg;hPYf;F tpNuhjpahf ,Uf;fpd;whNdh (mtd; my;yh`;Tf;Fk; tpNuhjp ahthd;) vd;W (egpNa!) ePH $Wk;;

epr;rakhf mtHjhk; my;yh`;tpd; fl;lisf;fpzq;fp ck; ,jaj;jpy; (FHMid) ,wf;fp itf;fpwhH; mJ> jdf;F

Kd;dpUe;j Ntjq;fs; cz;ik vd cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ; ,d;Dk; mJ topfhl;bahfTk;> ek;gpf;if nfhz;NlhUf;F

ed;khuhakhfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ. vtd; my;yh`;Tf;Fk;> mtDila kyf;FfSf;Fk;> mtDila J}jHfSf;Fk;>

[pg;hPYf;Fk;> kPf;fhapYf;Fk; giftdhf ,Uf;fpwhNdh> epr;rakhf (mt;thW epuhfhpf;Fk;) fh/gpHfSf;F my;yh`;

giftdhfNt ,Uf;fpwhd;. (2:97-98)

Nkw;fz;l ,e;j trdk; ,wq;fpaTld;> A+jHfSldhd midj;Jj; njhlHGfisAk; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; Kwpj;Jf;

nfhz;lhHfs;> epWj;jpf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

A+jHfspd; xU Fyj;jtuhd gdP ifDfh Fyj;jtHfs; K];ypk;fSldhd xg;ge;jj;ij Kwpj;Jf; nfhz;lTld;>

,J Fwpj;J vd;d eltbf;if vLg;gJ vd;gJ Fwpj;J> jdJ NjhoHfSld; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

fye;jhNyhrid nra;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ rpy NjhoHfs; rkhjhd xg;ge;jk; nra;J nfhs;Nthk; vd;w nghOJ>

''mtHfis kjPdhit tpl;Lk; mg;Gwg;gLj;JtNj NkyhdJ"" vd;W ckH (uyp) mtHfs; MNyhrid

toq;fpdhHfs;.

gD} EisH Nfhj;jpuj;ijr; NrHe;j A+jHfis kjPdhtpy; jq;fpapUf;f mDkjpf;fg;gl;bUe;jhHfs;. Mdhy;

mtHfsJ rjpj; jpl;lq;fs; vy;iy kPwpg; NghfTk;> ,d;Dk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisf; nfhiy nra;a

Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lij mLj;J> mtHfisAk; kjPdhit tpl;Lk; ntspNaw;wp tpl ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs; KbntLj;jhHfs;.

mjhtJ xU K];ypik A+jH Fyj;ijr; NrHe;j xUtd; nfhiy nra;J tpl;lhd;. ,jw;fhd ,uj;j ,og;gPl;Lj;

njhifia A+jHfsplkpUe;J ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; NfhhpdhHfs;. mjw;F> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfshy;

tpjpf;fg;gLk; vj;jifa rl;l jpl;lq;fSf;F ehq;fs; fl;Lg;gl;L elg;Nghk; vd;W mtHfs; mwptpj;jhHfs;. Mdhy;>

,e;j mwptpg;Gf;Fg; gpd; jq;fspy; xUtiu ufrpakhd Kiwapy; epakpj;J> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; tUk; topapy;

tPl;bd; $iu kPJ mkHe;J nfhz;L> mq;fpUe;J VNjr;irahf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; kPJ fy;iy cUl;b

tpl;Lf; nfhiy nra;aj; jPHkhdpj;jhHfs;. ,e;j rjpj;jpl;lk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F njhpa te;jTld;>

Page 71: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

ckH (uyp) mtHfis mioj;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> gD} EisH Nfhj;jpuj;jhiuAk; kjPdhtpy; ,Ue;J

ntspNaw;Wk;gb cj;jutpl;lhHfs;. Mdhy;> kjpdhtpy; ,Ue;J ehq;fs; Nghf khl;Nlhk; vd;W mlk; gpbj;j

A+jHfis> K];ypk;fs; epHg;ge;jj;jpd; Nghpy; ntspNaw;wpdhHfs;. ,t;thW ntspNawpa ,tHfs; ifgH kw;Wk;

rphpahtpy; jQ;rk; GFe;jhHfs;.

mfo;g; NghH

\t;thy; khjk; `p[;hp 5y; mfo; NghH epfo;e;jJ. ,e;jg; NghH xU khj fhyk; ePbj;jJ. Fiw»fisAk; kw;w

muGf;Fb kf;fisAk; jpul;b KOg;gyj;NjhL kjPdhitj; jhf;Fk; Kaw;rpapy; åjHfs; <Lgl;lhHfs;. Mdhy;

mtHfs; gilfisj; jpul;Ltjpy; kl;LNk ntw;wpngw;wdH. ,];yhj;ijAk; K];ypk;fisAk; xl;Lnkhj;jkhf

mopj;jpLk; msTf;F xU ngUk; gil jpul;lg;gl;lJ. åjHfshd ]yhk; ,g;D mGy; `hiff; me; - ej;hp>

`{aha; ,g;D mf;jhg; me; - ej;hp> fpdhdh ,g;D mGy; `{iff; me; - ej;hp> gd} me; - ejpH> gd} my; -

thNay; ,tHfspy; gyH ,iwj;J}jH K`k;kj;(]y;) mtHfSf;F vjpuhf xd;Wgl;L kf;fhf; Fiw»fsplk; nrd;W

jq;fNshL NrHe;J ,iwj;J}jH(]y;) mtHfisj; jhf;fp K];ypk;fis mopj;J tplmiog;GtpLj;jdH. mjd;

fhuzkhfg; gd;dpuz;lhapuk; tPuHfNshLk;> ,uz;lhapuj;J IE}W xl;lfq;fNshLk; kjPdhit Nehf;fp xU ngUk;

gil Gwg;gl;lJ. mtHfs; &kh Mw;Wg; gLiffspy; Kfhkpl;ldH. gd} fpdhdh> kw;Wk; jp`hkhtpd; kf;fSk;

cl;gl nkhj;jk; gj;jhapuj;Jf;Fk; Nkw;gl;NlhH my; - [{U/g; kw;Wk; [{fhghTf;F ,ilNa KfhkpypUe;jdH.

e[;jpypUe;J fj;/ghd; $l;lj;jhUk; te;J jhdhg; ef;khtpy; c`jpd; jpiria Nehf;fp epiy nfhz;bUe;jdH.

cz;ikapNyNa gilnaLj;jtHfs; åjHfs;jhd;> mtHfshy; gj;jhapuj;Jf;F Nkw;gl;Nlhiuj; jpul;l Kbe;jJ.

åjHfs; jk; KO mzpNahLk; te;jpUe;jjhy; mf;$l;lzpapd; gyk; 24000 tPuHfshf caHe;jJ. ngUk; mzpiaj;

jpul;b kjPdhTf;F ntspNa epWj;jptpl;L åjj; jiytHfs; kjPdhtpd; åjHfsplk; te;J jk; $l;lzpapy;

,izAk;gbf; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

vdNt> ,j;jifa ngUk; gilAld; NeUf;F NeH NkhJtJ ,aYkhdnjhU fhhpaky;y vd;gijg; Ghpe;J

nfhz;l ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> ghJfhg;ghf ,Ue;J nfhz;L vjphpfis vjpHg;gJ vd;W KbntLj;J

kjPdh efiur; Rw;wpYk; mfo; ntl;lj; Jtq;fpdhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ KO kjPdhTNk kjPdhitr; Rw;wpYk; mfo; Njhz;Lk; gzpapy; <Lgl;bUe;jJ. mg;nghOJ fisg;Gj; jPu

K];ypk;fs; fPo;f;fz;l ghliyg; ghbf; nfhz;Nl Fopia ntl;bf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs; :

ah my;yh`;! eP ,y;iy vd;why; (ehq;fs;) NeHtop ngw;wpUf;f khl;Nlhk;.

ehq;fs; [fhj; nfhLj;jpUf;f khl;Nlhk;

njhOjpUf;f khl;Nlhk;. vdNt>

vq;fSf;F epk;kjp ,wf;fpaUs;thahf!

ehq;fs; Nghiur; re;jpj;jhy;

vq;fSila ghjj;ij cWjpg;gLj;Jthahf!

Kd; cz;lhd vjphpfs; vq;fis kpifj;J tpllhHfs;.

mtHfs; Fog;gj;ij ehbdhy;>

vq;fSf;fhfj; jLj;J tpL

ehq;fs; K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mtHfsplk;> ,];yhj;jpd; kPJ epue;jukhf ,Ug;Nghk; vd igmj; (cWjpnkhop)

nra;Njhk;. mjw;F egp (]y;) mtHfs; JMr; nra;jtHfshf gjpy; mspj;jhHfs;.

ah! my;yh`;!! ed;ik vd;gJ kW cyf ed;ik jhd;. vdNt> ah! my;yh`;! md;]hHfSf;Fk;>

K`h[pHfSf;Fk; guf;fj; nra;thahf!

mfo; Njhz;Ltjw;Fz;lhd ,lq;fis ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jhd; epHzak; nra;jhHfs;. gj;Jg; gj;Jg;

NgH nfhz;l FOf;fs; mikf;fg;gl;L> xt;nthU FOTk; 10 nf[ ePs mfyKs;s Fopiaj; Njhz;lg;

gzpf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. mt;thW mikf;fg;gl;lnjhU FOtpw;F ckH (uyp) mtHfs; jiyikNaw;whHfs;. gpd;dhspy;

,e;j ,lj;jpw;F mUNf xU gs;sp fl;lg;gl;L> mjid kf;fs; ckH gs;spthry; vd;Nw mioj;J te;jhHfs;.

Page 72: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

K];ypk;fshy; ntl;lg;gl;l ,e;j Fopia Fiw\pfSk;> mtHfsJ $l;Lg; gilfSk; te;J ghHj;J tpl;L>

kiyj;Jg; Ngha; epd;wdH. Vnddpy;> muGg; gpuNjrj;jpy; ,j;jifa NghH Kiw nfhz;l topKiwfs; Gjpadthf

,Ue;jikahy;> me;jf; Fopf;Fk; mg;ghy; jhd; mtHfs; jq;fsJ gilapdUld; epw;f Kbe;jNj jtpu> kjPdhtpd;

vy;iyf;Fs; Eioa KbahjpUe;jJ.

,d;Dk; ,e;jf; FopfisAk; $l gy gphpTfshfg; gphpj;J> xt;nthU gphptpw;Fk; jdpj;jdp> ghJfhg;G

tisaj;ijAk; mikj;J> ghJfhtyHfisAk; epakpj;jpUe;jhHfs;. ,t;thW mikf;fg;gl;lnjhU ghJfhg;G

tisak;> ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikapd; fl;Lg;ghl;bw;Fs; ,Ue;jJ. xUehs;> ,e;j ghJfhg;G tisaj;ijj;

jfHnjwpe;J tpl;L> K];ypk;fis mopj;njhopg;gjw;fhf Fiw\pfs; Kaw;rp nra;jdH. ckH (uyp) mtHfs; RigH

(uyp) mtHfsJ jiyikapy; mikf;fg;gl;l gilia mDg;gp itj;jNjhL> Fiw\pfSf;F me;jg; gil %yk;

fLikahd Nrjj;ij Vw;gLj;jpdhHfs;. ,jpy; Fiw\pfs; gyH nfhy;yg;gl;ldH.

xU rkak;> Fiw\pfSld; fLikahd NghH ele;J nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf ckH (uyp) mtHfshy;

kjpa Ntisj; njhOifahd Y`H njhOifia mjd; Fwpj;j Neuj;jpy; njho Kbahky; Ngha; tpl;lJ.

Fiw\pfis tpul;b mbj;J tpl;L> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; te;j ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> Fiw\pfSld;

Vw;gl;l Nkhjy; fhuzkhf Fwpj;j Neuj;jpd; nghOJ njhOf Ntz;ba njhOif jtwp tpl;lJ> NeuKk; fle;J

tpl;lNj vd;W tUj;jg;gl;Lf; $wpdhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNsh..! ckNu..! ehDk; cq;fsJ

epiyikapy; jhd; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwd;. cq;fisg; NghyNt ehDk; ,d;Dk; njhotpy;iy vd;W $wp>

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,khkhf Kd;dpw;F ckH (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ Y`H njhOifia

epiwNtw;wpdhHfs;.

,e;j mfo; Nghhpd; Kw;Wif xU khjj;jpw;Fk; Nkyhf ePbj;jJ> ,jd; fhuzkhf K];ypk;fs; kpfg; ngUk;

rq;flq;fis vjpH nfhs;s NeHe;jJ. czTf; ifapUg;Gk; Fiwe;J nfhz;Nl te;jJ> kw;w mj;jpatrpag;

nghUl;fspd; ,Ug;Gk; $l gpur;idf;Fs;shfp te;J nfhz;bUe;jJ. Mdhy; K];ypk;fs; ve;jtpj

ek;gpf;ifaPdj;jpw;Fk; Mshfky;> ,iwtd; kPNj KO ek;gpf;if itj;jpUe;jhHfs;.

,iwtd; K];ypk;fSf;F epk;kjpiaAk;> epthuzj;ijAk; toq;fpdhd;. vjphpfspDila Kfhkpy; gytpj fUj;J

Kuz;ghLfs; Vw;glj; Jtq;fpd. mtHfsJ mj;jpahtrpaj; NjitfSk; $l Fiwe;J nfhz;Nl te;jd.

,tw;wpw;Fk; Nkyhf gykhd Gay; fhw;W tPrj; Jtq;fpaJk;> mtHfsJ kd cWjpia ,of;fr; nra;tjw;Ff;

fhuzkhf mike;jJ. K];ypk;fs; jq;fsJ tPLfspy; ghJfhg;ghf ,Ue;J nfhz;bUe;j mNjNtisapy;>

Fiw\pfSk; mtHfsJ NjhoHfSk; Gaw;fhw;wpdhy; miof;fopf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. ,Wjpahf> mG+R/g;ahd; jdJ gil

Kfhk;fis fhyp nra;a cj;jutpl;lJld;> thg]; ngw;Wf; nfhz;L kf;fhTf;Fj; jpUk;gp tpl;lhHfs;. mtHfsJ

$l;Lg; gilfSk; $l ,lj;ijf; fhyp nra;J tpl;lhHfs;.

,iwtdpd; khngUk; fUiz kw;Wk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; njspe;j topfhl;Ljy;fspd; %ykhf

K];ypk;fs; kpfg; ngUk; ntw;wpiag; ngw;whHfs;.

`{ijgpa;ah cld;gbf;ifAk; mjd; tpisTfSk;

fp.gp.628 d; Muk;gj;jpy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ck;uhr; nra;Ak; epkpj;jkhf kf;fhit Nehf;fpg;

gazg;gl;lhHfs;. mtHfSld; fpl;lj;jl;l 1400 NjhoHfSk; cld; nrd;whHfs;. ,tHfSld; ckH (uyp)

mtHfSk; nrd;whHfs;. NkYk;> kf;fhitj; jhpg;gjw;fhd jq;fsJ Nehf;fj;ij Fiw\pfSf;Fj;

njhpag;gLj;Jtjw;fhf Ntz;b> ,e;jg; gazk; mikjpg; gazk; vd;gij mtHfSf;F mwptpf;FKfkhfTk;

jq;fSld; NghUf;fhd MAjq;fs; vjidAk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSk;> mtHfsJ NjhoHfSk; cld;

vLj;Jr; nry;ytpy;iy.

,t;thwhf ck;uhTf;fhf Ntz;b gazg;gl;l K];ypk;fs; kjPdhtpd; Gwntspg;gFjpahf Jy;Fiy/gh vd;w

,lj;jpy; rw;W jhkjpj;J ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;fhff; fhj;jpUe;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfis mz;kpj;j ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> Fiw\pfis ehk; ek;g ,ayhJ> NkYk; MAjq;fs; VJkpd;wp kf;fhit

Nehf;fpr; nry;tJ ghJfhg;gw;wJ vd;Wk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F vLj;Jf; $wpdhHfs;.

jw;fhg;gpw;fhfNtDk;> K];ypk;fs; MAjk; Ve;jpr; nry;y Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; mwpTWj;jpdhHfs;. ckH (uyp) mtHfspd;

MNyhridia Vw;Wf; nfhz;l ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> jq;fsJ NjhoHfspy; rpyiu mDg;gp itj;J>

MAjq;fisf; nfhz;L tur; nra;jhHfs;.

Page 73: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,g;nghOJ K];ypk;fs; kf;fhit Nehf;fp te;J nfhz;bUg;gij mwpe;J nfhz;l Fiw\paHfs;> fhypj; gpd; tyPj;

kw;Wk; ,f;hpkh gpd; mG+ [`;y; MfpNahH jiyikapy; ,UE}W Fjpiu tPuHfis mDg;gp> kf;fhit Nehf;fp te;J

nfhz;bUf;fpd;w ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisAk; kw;Wk; mtHfsJ NjhoHfisAk; NkYk; Kd;Ndwp tutplhky;

jLf;Fk; Kaw;rpapy; <Lgl;ldH. kf;fhit Nehf;fpa jq;fsJ gazk; jil glhky; ,Ug;gjw;fhd rhj;jpaf;

$Wfs; gw;wp ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ NjhoHfsplk; fye;jhNyhridapy; <Lgl;lhHfs;. mg;nghOJ>

mNefkhd NjhoHfs; jq;fsJ Kaw;rpapy; gpd;dilT Njitapy;iy> ehk; Kd;Ndwpr; nry;Nthk;> ehk;

jLf;fg;gLNthNkahdhy; mjid vjpHj;Jg; NghhpLNthk; my;yJ mtHfsJ jLf;ftpy;iynad;why; ehk; mikjpahf

ck;uhr; nra;J tpl;L te;J tpLNthk;> NghH nra;a Ntz;bajpy;iy vd;w fUj;ijf; $wpdhHfs;.

,e;jf; fye;jhNyhrid eilngw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ> kf;fhit Nehf;fpa ,e;j ekJ gazk; ,ilapy;

Fiw\pfshy; top kwpf;fg;glhky; ,Uf;f> kf;fhtpw;fhd khw;W topia mwpe;jtHfs; ek;kpy; ahuhtJ ,Ue;jhy;

Kd;thUq;fs; vd;W Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;. mg;nghOJ> xU NjhoH Kd;te;jNjhL> K];ypk;fis kf;fhit

Nehf;fp mioj;Jr; nry;y Muk;gpj;jhH> ,d;Dk; mtH mioj;Jr; nrd;w ghijahdJ> fw;ghiwfisf; nfhz;l

NkL gs;sk; epiwe;j ghijahf ,Ue;jJ. kf;fhit Nehf;fpa ,e;jg; Gjpa ghij Kj;dpah vd;w ,lj;ijj;

jhz;b> ,g;nghOJ `{ijgpa;ah vd;w kf;fhtpd; fPo;g;gFjpia mile;jJ> ,JTk; kf;fhtpw;F cl;gl;l

Gdpjg;gFjpahfNt fUjg;gl;lJ.

,g;nghOJ K];ypk;fs; ,e;j `{ijgpa;ah vd;w ,lj;jpy; $lhuk; mbj;Jj; jq;fpdhHfs;. ,e;j rkaj;jpy; cHth

gpd; k];Cj; vd;gtH Fiw\pfspd; gpujpepjpahf te;J ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisr; re;jpf;f te;jhH. ,e;jg;

Ngr;RthHj;ijapd; Clhf> Fiw\pfs; kpfTk; gyk; tha;e;jtHfs;> cq;fis kf;fhtpw;Fs; mtHfs; mDkjpf;f

khl;lhHfs; vd;w njhzpapy;> K];ypk;fsJ kdjpy; Fiw\pfisg; gw;wp mr;r czHit Cl;Lk; tifapy; Ngr

Muk;gpj;jhH. NkYk;> gpur;id Kw;wpaTld; cq;fsJ NjhoHfs; cq;fSf;F if nfhLf;f khl;lhHfs;>

cq;fisf; iftpl;L Xb tplTk; jahuhfp tpLthHfs; vd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisAk; $l mtH

kpul;Lk;ghzpapy; Ngr Muk;gpj;jhH. ,thpd; Ngr;irr; nrtpkLj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j egpj;NjhoHfs;> ''my;yh`;tpd;

rhgk; cd;kPJ cz;lhfl;Lkhf""> '',iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis ehq;fs; iftpl;L tpLNthk; vd;W ePH vt;thW

nrhy;tjw;F ckf;F vd;d ijhpak;"" vd;W Nfhgj;jpy; cr;rpapy; epd;W nfhz;L> mtiu Nehf;fp #lhd

thHj;ijfisg; ghpkhwpf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,d;Dk;> ''ehq;fs; mtiuf; iftpl khl;Nlhk;> ,Wjp tiu epd;W

mtUf;fhfg; NghuhLNthk;"" vd;W #Siuj;jhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisr; re;jpj;J tpl;L> Fiw\pfsplk; jpUk;gpa cHth mq;F jhd; fz;l mDgtq;fis

mtHfsplk; tpthpf;fj; Jtq;fpdhH :

''Fiw\pfNs..! ehd; kd;dhjp kd;dHfisg; ghHj;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;. K`k;kJ – mtuJ NjhoHfSf;fpilapy;

kd;diug; Nghy thOfpd;w xUtiu ehd; ghHj;jNjapy;iy. mtH jd;id J}a;ikg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s xYr;

nra;fpd;whH vdpy;> tope;Njhlf; $ba jz;zPiuf; $l mtuJ NjhoHfs; jiuapy; tpo mDkjpg;gjpy;iy. Vd;..

mtuJ clk;gpypUe;J tpof; $ba Kbiaf; $l mtHfs; vLj;J itj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;whHfs;. ,g;gbg;gl;l mtiu>

mtHfs; ve;j epiyapYk; ek;kplk; ruzilar; nra;J tpLthHfs; vd;W vt;thW jhd; vjpHghHf;f ,aYk;""> vd;W

$wp Kbj;jhH.

,e;j epiyapy;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ NjhoHfSf;fpilapy; fye;jhNyhrid nra;J nfhz;bUe;j

nghOJ> ckH (uyp) mtHfis Fiw\pfsplk; mDg;gp itj;J Ngr;RthHj;ijfis Muk;gpf;fyhk; vd;wnjhU

Kbit vLj;j nghOJ> 'jd;Dila tpl;Lf; nfhLf;fhj gz;G> Fiw\pfsplk; eilngwg; NghFk;

Ngr;RthHj;ijia ntw;wpfukhf elj;jp itf;fhJ" vd;W $wpa ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> Fiw\pfspd;

ngUkjpg;Gf;Fhpatuhd> ,d;Dk; mikjpahd Rghtk; nfhz;ltuhd cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfis mDg;gp itg;gJ

rpwe;jJ vd;w MNyhridia ckH (uyp) mtHfs; Kd; itj;jhHfs;. ckH (uyp) mtHfSila ,e;j

MNyhridia Vw;Wf; nfhz;l ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> Fiw\pfsplk; Ngr;RthHj;ijiaj; njhlHtjw;fhd

cJkhd; gpd; m/g;ghd; (uyp) mtHfis mDg;gp itj;J> jhq;fs; ck;uhr; nra;Ak; Nehf;fj;Jld; kl;LNk

kf;fhtpy; tu tpUk;Gtjhf mtHfSf;Fj; njspTgLj;jp tpl;L> mjw;Fhpa Ngr;RthHj;ijfis elj;jp tpl;L tUk;gb

mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;.

,t;thwhf mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;l cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; %d;W ehl;fshf jpUk;gp tuhj fhuzj;jhy;>

Fiw\pfshy; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;L tpl;lhHfs; vd;w tje;jpia ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

Page 74: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

mtHfSk;> mtuJ NjhoHfSk; ek;g Ntz;ba epHg;ge;jj;jpw;F MshdhHfs;. ckH (uyp) mtHfs; Nfhgj;jpy;

vhpkiyahf epd;W nfhz;L> jdJ MAjq;fisj; jahuhf itj;Jf; nfhz;ltuhf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd;

cj;jutpw;fhff; fhj;jpUe;jhHfs;. ''mjhtJ> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; Fiw\pfs; nfhiy nra;jpUg;ghHfnsd;W

nrhd;dhy;> mj;jifatHfSld; NghH njhLj;Jg; gopf;Fg; gop vLg;gJ mtrpak; vd;W ckH (uyp) mtHfs;

MNyhrid $wpdhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSk; ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; fUj;jpy; cs;s epjHrdj;ij

Vw;Wf; nfhz;ltuhf> jd;Dila NjhoHfis mioj;J epuhfhpg;NghUf;F vjpuhfg; NghH Ghpa

Ntz;bajpUg;gijapl;L fye;jhNyhrid nra;jNjhL> mtHfs; midthplKk; cWjpg; gpukhzk; thq;fpf;

nfhz;lhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; xU kuj;jbapy; mkHe;J nfhz;L> xt;nthUthplKk; jdpj;jdpahf

rj;jpag; gpukhzj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ NjhoHfspd; ,e;j jpahfj;ij

nkr;rp ,iwtd; fPo;f;fz;l trdj;ij ,wf;fp mUspdhd; :

epr;rakhf vtHfs; ck;kplk; igmj;J(thf;FWjp) nra;jhHfNsh> mtHfs; my;yh`;tplNk igmj;(thf;FWjp)

nra;fpd;wdH - my;yh`;tpd; if mtHfSila iffspd; Nky; ,Uf;fpwJ; MfNt> vtd; (mt;thf;FWjpia)

Kwpj;J tpLfpwhNdh> epr;rakhf mtd; jdf;Ff; NflhfNt (mij) Kwpf;fpwhd;. vtH my;yh`;tplk; nra;j

mt;thf;FWjpia epiwNtw;WfpwhNuh mtUf;F my;yh`; kfj;jhd ew;$ypia tpiutpy; toq;Fthd;. (48:10)

,e;j ,iwtDila jpUg;nghUj;jj;ij kl;LNk vjpHghHj;Jr; nra;ag;gl;l ,e;j rj;jpag; gpukhzk; gpe;ija

ehl;fspy; ''igmj;JH hpo;thd;"" vd;W rpwg;gpj;Jf; $wg;gl;lJ.

1.K];ypk;fs; ,e;j Mz;L jpUk;gpr; nrd;W tpl Ntz;Lk;.

2.mLj;j Mz;L tu Ntz;Lk;. %d;W ehl;fs; kl;LNk jq;fp jpUk;gpr; nrd;W tpl Ntz;Lk;.

3.MAjq;fNshL tuf;$lhJ. ntWk; thSld; kl;Lk; tuNtz;Lk;. mJTk; ntspNa vLf;fg; glhky; ciwf;Fs;

Nghl;L itf;fg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

4.kf;fh efhpy; vQ;rpapUf;Fk; K];ypk;fspy; xUtiuAk; K];ypk;fs; jk;Kld; mioj;Jr; nry;yf; $lhJ. K];ypk;

xUtH kf;fh efH jpUk;gp tu tpUk;gpdhy; mtiuj; jLf;ff; $lhJ.

5.,iw kWg;ghsHfs; my;yJ K];ypk;fspy; vtNuDk; kjPdh efUf;F te;J tpl;lhy; mtiu kf;fh efUf;Fj;

jpUg;gpaDg;gpl Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; K];ypk;fspy; vtuhtJ kf;fh efUf;Fr; nrd;why; mtH jpUg;gp mDg;gg;gl

khl;lhH.

6.muGf; Fyq;fs; tpUk;gpdhy; K];ypk;fs; my;yJ ,iw kWg;ghsHfs; ,Uthpy; vthplKk; xg;ge;jk; nra;J

nfhs;s chpikAz;L.

7.,e;j xg;ge;jk; gj;jhz;Lfs; tiu ePbj;jpUf;Fk;. (mjhtJ gj;jhz;LfSf;Fg; NghH Ghpa khl;Nlhk;)

,e;j epge;jidfs; (\uj;Jfs;) midj;Jk; ntspg;gilahfg; ghHf;Fk;NghJ K];ypk;fSf;F vjpuhditahf

,Ue;jd. ,tw;wpypUe;J K];ypk;fs; tpl;Lf; nfhLj;J> gzpe;J Ngha; rkhjhd cld;gbf;if nra;J

nfhz;bUf;fpwhHfs; vd;W njspthfj; njhpe;jJ.

vdNt> ,e;j tUlk; K];ypk;fs; ck;uhr; nra;ahkNyNa jpUk;g Ntz;bapUe;jJ. tUfpd;w tUlj;jpy; `[;[{r;

nra;tjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gl;lNjhL> me;j fhyfl;lj;jpy; kf;fhtpy; %d;W ehl;fs; jq;fpapUf;fTk; xg;Gf;

nfhs;sg;gl;bUe;jJ.

Nkw;fz;l xg;ge;jq;fs; ntspg;gilahf Fiw\pfSf;F rhjfkhf ,Ue;j fhuzj;jpdhy;> ,e;j ghjfkhd

Nghf;if [Puzpj;Jf; nfhs;s ,ayhjtHfshf ckH (uyp) mtHfs; fhzg;gl;lhHfs;. NkYk;> ,e;j tptfhuj;ij

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; Kiwapl;Nl jPUtJ vd;W jPHkhdpj;jtHfshf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk;

nrd;w ckH (uyp) mtHfs; ,t;thW Kiwapl;lhHfs; :

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNs..! ePq;fs; my;yh`;tpd; J}juhf mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;ltHfsy;yth? epr;rakhf..!

vd;whH ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;. ek;Kila vjphpfs; ,izitg;Gg; gof;fj;jpy; ,Uf;fpd;w rpiytzq;fpfs;

my;yth? vd;W Nfl;lhH ckH (uyp). mjpy; re;Njfnkd;d.. epr;rakhf..! vd;whHfs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs;. gpd;dH> ''ePq;fs; Vd; ek;Kila khHf;fj;ij jho;j;jpf; nfhs;s mDkjpf;f Ntz;Lk;? vd;whH ckH

(uyp). ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,g;nghOJ gjpy; $wpdhHfs;> ''ehd; ,iwtdJ J}juhNtd;> ,d;Dk;

mtdJ fl;lisfSf;F khw;wkhf vd;dhy; nray;gl KbahJ"".

Page 75: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,e;j gjpiyf; Nfl;l ckH (uyp) mikjpahf ,Ue;J tpl;lhHfs;> Mdhy; ,e;j xg;ge;jk; K];ypk;fSf;F

ghjfkhdjhf Mfp tpl;lNj vd;W mtHfs; Ntjidg;gl;lhHfs;. mLj;jjhf> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; gf;fk;

jpUk;gpa ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> ,e;j tptfhuj;jpy; ePq;fs; jiyapl;L xg;ge;jj;ij kWghprPyid nra;Ak;gb

Ntz;Lq;fNsd; vd;whHfs;. mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfNsh..>

''ek;ikf; fhl;bYk; ,jd; rhjf ghjfq;fisg; gw;wp my;yh`;tpd; J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kpf mwpe;jtHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; vjidr; nra;jhYk; mJ K];ypk;fspd; ey;tho;tpw;fhfNt mike;jpUf;Fk;""

vd;whHfs;. ,iwtd; kPJ ek;gpf;if nfhs;Sq;fs;. Kuz;ghlhd fUj;Jfis Kd;itj;J ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfSf;F epHg;ge;jkspf;fhjPHfs; vd;Wk; mwpTiu $wpdhHfs;.

,jd; gpd;dH `{ijgpa;ah cld;gbf;ifapy; ,U jug;gpdUk; ifnaOj;jpl;lhHfs;. ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpy;

K];ypk;fspd; jug;gpy; ifnaOj;jpl;l gyhpy; ckH (uyp) mtHfSk; mlq;FthHfs;.

mg+[e;jy; (uyp) mtHfspd; tptfhuk;

,g;NghJjhd; rkhjhd cld;gbf;ifg; gj;jpuj;ij vOjpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhHfs;. jw;nrayhf Fiw\pg; gpujpepjp

Ri`ypd; kfdhH mg+[e;jy; (uyp) mtHfs; kf;fh efhpypUe;J vg;gbNah jg;gpNahb me;j ,lj;jpw;F te;J

tpl;lhHfs;. tpyq;Ffis mzpe;J nfhz;L K];ypk;fspd; Kd;dhy; te;J tpOe;J tpl;lhHfs;! midtUf;Fk; jd;

ghpjhg epiyia vLj;Jiuj;jhHfs;. ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;l Fw;wj;jpw;F jz;lidahf mtHfSf;F

vg;gbg;gl;l nfhLikfs; ,iof;fg;gl;L te;jd vd;W vLj;Jf; $wpdhHfs;.

mg+[e;jy; mz;zyhhpk;> 'ehafNk! vd;id ,iwkWg;ghsHfsplkpUe;J tpLtpj;J jq;fSld; mioj;Jr; nrd;W

tpLq;fs;" vd;W Ntz;bdhHfs;. ,jidf; fz;l Ri`y;> 'rkhjhd xg;ge;jj;ij epiwNtw;wpl ,JNt Kjy;

re;jHg;gkhFk;. xg;ge;jj;jpd; gb jhq;fs; mg+[e;jiy jq;fSld; mioj;Jr; nry;y KbahJ" vd;W $wpdhH.

,J kpfr; rpf;fyhd xU Neukhf ,Ue;jJ. xUGwk; cld;gbf;if kjpj;J elf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ. kw;nwhU Gwk;

epuguhjpahd xU K];ypkpd; kPJ mtH ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;l xNu fhuzj;jpw;fhf nfhLikapiof;fg;gLk;

gpur;rid Kd; epd;wJ. NkYk; mtH 'vd; K];ypk; rNfhjuHfNs! ePq;fs; vd;id ,iw kWg;ghsHfspd; fuj;jpy;

xg;gilf;f tpUk;GfpwPHfsh?" vd;W nfQ;rpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhH. K];ypk;fs; midtUk; ,e;jg; ghpjhg epiyiaf;

fz;L nfhjpj;njOe;jhHfs;. ckH (uyp) mtHfs; 'jhq;fs; cz;ikahd ,iwj; JhjuhapUg;gpd; ehq;fs; ,e;j

,opit Vd; rfpj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;?" vd;W $lf; Nfl;L tpl;lhHfs;.

Mdhy; mz;zyhH 'ehd; ,iwtdpd; jpUj;JhjNuahNtd;> mtdJ fl;lisf;F ehd; khW nra;a KbahJ.

,iwtd; vdf;F cjtp Ghpthd;" vd;W $wpdhHfs;. Mf> rkhjhd cld;gbf;if vOjp Kbf;fg;gl;lJ.

mg+[e;jy;> cld;gbf;ifapd; tpjpKiwg;gb jpUk;gpr; nry;y Nehpl;lJ. ,];yhj;jpd; njhz;lHfs; ,iwj;

JhjUf;Ff; fPo;g;gbtjw;fhd fLk; Nrhjid xd;wpy; ntw;wp ngw;whHfs;. xUGwk; ntspg;gilapy; ,];yhk;

,opTgLj;jg;gl;bUe;jJ. mg+[e;jypd; ghpjhg epiy ,Ue;jJ. kw;nwhU Gwk; ,iwj; J}jUf;F ve;jf; Nfs;tpAk;

kWg;Gkpd;wp fPo;g;gbAk; gz;Gk; ,Ue;jJ.

mz;zyhH mg+[e;jyplk; $wpdhHfs;. 'mg+[e;jNy! ePH nghWikiaf; filg;gbAk;. ,iwtd; cq;fSf;Fk; kw;w

epuguhjpfSf;Fk; cq;fisg; Nghy; nfhLikf;Fs;shdtHfSf;Fk; xU topiaf; fhl;Lthd;. ,g;NghJ rkhjhd

cld;gbf;if Vw;gl;Ltpl;lJ. ,dp ehk; mtHfsplk; xg;ge;jj;ij Kwpf;fNth mjw;F vjpuhfr; nray;glNth

KbahJ" vd;W $wpdhHfs;. mg+[e;jy; (uyp) mtHfs; vg;gb mq;F te;jhHfNsh mg;gbNa tpyq;Ffis mzpe;j

tz;zk; jpUk;gpr; nrd;W tpl;lhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ K];ypk;fs; jq;fs; jq;fs; $lhuj;ijf; fisj;J tpl;L kjPdhit Nehf;fpg; gazg;gl

Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ckH (uyp) mtHfNsh.. kpfTk; ftiyAilatuhf ,Ue;jhHfs;. ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpy;

Fiw\pfspd; if Xq;fp tpl;lNj vd;W Ntjidg;gl;lhHfs;. ,e;j epiyapy; #uh my; /gj;`; d; trdq;fis

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;lJ.

(egpNa!) epr;rakhf ehk; xU njspthd ntw;wpahf ckf;F ntw;wp mspj;Js;Nshk;. ckf;fhf ck;Kila Ke;jpa

jtWfisAk;> gpe;jpatw;iwAk; my;yh`; kd;dpj;J> ckf;fhf jdJ mUl;nfhiliaAk; G+Hj;jp nra;J ck;ik

Neuhd topapy; elj;Jtjw;fhfTk;. NkYk;> my;yh`; xU typik kpf;f cjtpahf ckf;F cjtp nra;tjw;fhfTk;

(njspthd ,t;ntw;wpia mtd; mspj;jhd;. (48:1-3)

ckH (uyp) mtHfis mioj;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> ckNu..! ,e;j xg;ge;jk; xU njspthd ntw;wp

Page 76: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

vd;W ,iwtNd jd;Dila trdq;fs; %yk; njspTgLj;jp tpl;lhd;> ,e;j xg;ge;jk; ekf;F ntw;wpNa xopa

Njhy;tpay;y vd;whHfs;. ,jidf; Nfl;l ckH (uyp) mtHfs; kpFe;j re;Njh\kile;jhHfs;.

ele;J Kbe;j `{ijgpa;ah gw;wp fzf;fPL nra;tjpy; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ epiy ckH (uyp) mtHfis tpl

khWgl;ljhf ,Ue;jJ. mjhtJ :

`{ijgpa;ah cld;gbf;ifia Nghd;wnjhU kpfg; nghpa ntw;wp ,];yhj;jpy; ,y;iynad;W nrhy;Yk; msTf;F>

mjd; gpd;tpisTfs; mike;jpUe;jd. kdpjHfs; vg;nghOJk; mtruf;fhuHfshf ,Uf;fpd;whHfs;> Mdhy;

,iwtd; vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; jFe;j Neuj;ijAk;> fhyj;ijAk; epHzapj;Nj itj;jpUf;fpd;whd;. cld;gbf;iff;F

Kd;gjhf> K];ypk;fSf;Fk;> ,d;Dk; Vida kdpjHfSf;FkpilNa xU jilr;RtH ,Ue;J te;jJ> xUtH

kw;wtUld; Ngr khl;lhHfs;> vg;nghOnjy;yhk; ,U FOf;fSk; re;jpj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfNsh clNd rz;ilAk;

mtHfSf;Fs; Muk;gkhfp tpLk; vd;w epiyAk; epytp te;jJ. cld;gbf;iff;Fg; gpd;G> Kd;G epytp te;j

gifAzHT kiwe;J> ,U FOf;fSf;Fkpila gu];gu Ghpe;JzHT Vw;gl Muk;gpj;jJ. eLepiyNahL

,];yhj;jpidg; ghHj;j kf;fs; cldbahf ,];yhj;jpd;ghy; ftug;gl;lhHfs;> cld;gbf;iff;Fg; gpd;duhf

,Ugj;jp ,uz;L khj fhy mtfhrj;jpy; Kd;ndg;nghOJk; ,y;yhj msTf;F kf;fs; ,];yhj;jpw;Fs; gpuNtrpf;f

Muk;gpj;jhHfs;> ,d;Dk; ,];yhj;jpd; nfhs;iffs; mNugpahitAk; jhz;b vy;yhg; gFjpfspYk; gut Muk;gpj;jJ.

`{ijgpa;ah cld;gbf;iff;Fg; gpd;G

`{ijgpa;ah cld;gbf;iff;Fg; gpd;G Vw;gl;l rpy khw;wq;fs; ckH (uyp) mtHfis NeubahfNt ghjpj;jd.

cld;gbf;ifapd;gb> Fiw\pfspy; ve;j MzhtJ ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;thnud;why;> mt;thW Vw;Wf;

nfhz;l egiu kPz;Lk; Fiw\pfsplk; xg;gilj;J tpl Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j epiyapy;> rpy Fiw\pfs;

,];yhj;jpidj; jOtpa nghOJk;> xg;ge;jj;jpd;gb mtHfisj; jpUg;gp mDg;g Ntz;ba fl;lhak; K];ypk;fSf;F

Vw;gl;lJ> jpUg;gpAk; mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;;lhHfs;.

,e;j epiyapy; NkYk; NkYk; khw;wq;fs; Vw;gl;l nghOJ> ngz;fSk; $l jq;fsJ ngw;NwhHfs; kw;Wk;

fztHfspd; tpUg;gj;jpw;F khwhf ,];yhj;jpidj; jOt Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. mt;thW ,];yhj;jpid Vw;Wf; nfhz;l

ngz;fs; K];ypk;fsplk; milf;fyk; NfhhpdhHfs;. ,e;j epiyapy;> ngz;fisAk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

Fiw\pfsplk; jpUg;gp xg;gilf;f ,Ue;j Neuj;jpy; fPo;f;fhZk; ,iwtrdj;ij my;yh`; ,wf;fp mUspdhd; :

<khd; nfhz;ltHfNs! K/kpdhd ngz;fs; `p[;uj; nra;J (ehL Jwe;jtHfshf) cq;fsplk; te;jhy;> mtHfis

ePq;fs; ghpNrhjpj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;; my;yh`; mtHfs; <khid ed;fwpe;jtd;; vdNt mtHfs; K/kpdhd

(ngz;fs;) vd ePq;fs; mwpe;jhy;> fh/gpHfsplk; mtHfisj; jpUg;gpaDg;gp tplhjPHfs;; Vnddpy;> me;j ngz;fs;

me;j Mz;fSf;F mDkjpf;fg;gl;ltHfspy;iy. me;j Mz;fs; ,e;jg; ngz;fSf;F mDkjpf;fg;gl;ltHfspy;iy.

(Mdhy;> ,g; ngz;fSf;fhf) mtHfs; nryT nra;jpUe;jij mtHfSf;Ff; nfhLj;J tpLq;fs;; md;wpAk; ePq;fs;

mg;ngz;fSf;Fhpa k`iu nfhLj;J mtHfis tpthfk; nra;J nfhs;tJ cq;fs; kPJ Fw;wkpy;iy. (60:10)

,e;j Neuj;jpy; NkYk; xU trdk; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;lJ. mjd;gb>

NkYk; epuhfhpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ngz;fspd; tpthf ge;jj;ij ePq;fs; gw;wpg;gpbj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;lhk;;.

,izitg;gpy; cs;s ngz;fs; ,];yhj;jpid Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; tiuf;Fk; mtHfis kzKbj;Jf; nfhs;s

Ntz;lhk;. mNj Nghy ,izitg;ghsHfSf;F cq;fsJ ngz;fisAk; kzKbj;Jf; nfhLf;f Ntz;lhk;"" vd;W

me;j trdk; K];ypk;fSf;F mwpTWj;jpaJ.

ckH (uyp) mtHfSf;F %d;W kidtpaH ,Ue;jdH> mtHfshtd :

i]dg; gpd;j; kh]{d; [kPM

kiyfh gpd;j; [hUy; `{i]a;> kw;Wk;

fhPgh gpd;j; mgP cika;ah kf;#kp

,tHfspy; i]dg; gpd;j; kh]{d; [kPM (uyp) kl;LNk ,];yhj;jpid Vw;wpUe;jNjhL> kjPdhtpw;Fk; `p[;uj;

nra;J te;jpUe;jhHfs;. kw;w ,uz;L kidtpaHfSk; ,];yhj;jpid Vw;Wf; nfhs;shjpUe;jNjhL> kjpdhtpw;Fk;

mtHfs; `p[;uj; nra;J tutpy;iy. `{ijgpa;ah cld;gbf;iff;Fg; gpd;dH> kw;w ,uz;L kidtpkhHfisAk;

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; tpthfuj;Jr; nra;J tpl;lhHfs;. ,tHfSk; KiwNa> kiyf;fh vd;gtH mG+ [`;k; gpd;

`]P/gh vd;gtiuAk;> fhPgh mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfspd; kfDk; ,d;Dk; ,];yhj;jpid Vw;Wf; nfhs;shjtUkhd

Page 77: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

mg;JH u`;khd; vd;gtiuAk; kWkzk; nra;J nfhz;lhHfs;.

`{ijgpa;ah cld;gbf;iff;Fg; gpd;dH> ngz;fspypUe;J Kjd; Kjyhf kf;fhtpypUe;J kjPdhtpw;Fj; jg;gp te;J

,];yhj;jpid Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhH> ]h`pgh gpd;j my; `hhp];. ,tuJ fztH ,];yhj;jpid Vw;Wf;

nfhs;stpy;iy. ,jid mwpe;j Fiw\pfs; ]h`pgh (uyp) mtHfis jq;fsplk; jpUg;gp mDg;gp itf;FkhW

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; Nfhhpa nghOJ> mt;thW jpUg;gp mDg;gp itf;f ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

kWj;J tpl;lNjhL> ekf;fpilNa cs;s xg;ge;jkhdJ Mz;fis kl;LNk fl;Lg;gLj;jf; $baJ> ngz;fis

my;y vd;W $wptpl;lhHfs;. ]h`pgh (uyp) mtHfis ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ckH (uyp) mtHfSf;F

kzKbj;Jf; nfhLj;jhHfs;.

kjPdhtpy; itj;J> md;]hhpg; ngz;zhd M]pah gpd;j; ]gj; md;]hhp (uyp) vd;gtiu ckH (uyp) mtHfs;

kzKbj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;. kzKbj;Jf; nfhz;ljd; gpd; ,tuJ ngaiu [hkPyh vd;W ckH (uyp)

khw;wpaikj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ckH (uyp) mtHfs; ,tUld; $/ghtpy; trpj;J te;jhHfs;. rpy tUlq;fSf;F>

[kPyh (uyp) mtHfs; ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; kpfTk; tpUg;gj;jpw;Fhpa kidtpahfj; jpfo;e;jjhf mwptpg;Gfs;

$Wfpd;wd. rpy tUlq;fs; fopj;J ,tiu tpthfuj;Jr; nra;J tpl;l ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> jd;Dila

,y;yj;ij kjPdhtpy; mikj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;. mtiu tpthfuj;Jr; nra;jjd; fhuzk; vd;dntd;gJ

mwpag;gltpy;iy vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

gdP K];jyf; kPJ eltbf;if

fp.gp.628 y;> gdP K];jyf; Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfs; K];ypk;fSf;F vjpuhfg; gil jpul;bf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;W

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F nra;jp vl;Lfpd;wJ. K];ypk;fspd; kPJ gdP K];jyf; Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfs;

jhf;Fjiyj; njhLg;gjw;F Kd;ghfNt mtHfsJ KJnfYk;ig cilj;J tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfs; jPHkhdpj;jhHfs;.

vdNt> ,e;jg; Nghiu ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNs Kd;dpd;W jiyikNaw;W elj;jpdhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs; jiyikNaw;W elj;jpa me;jg; gilapy;> ckH (uyp) mtHfSk; ,lk; ngw;wpUe;jhHfs;. NkYk;> ,e;jg;

gilapy; kjPdhtpd; Ke;ija jiytdhf ,Ue;jtDk;> K];ypkhf ,Ue;J nfhz;Nl eatQ;rf Ntiyfspy;

<Lgl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jtDkhd mg;Jy;yh ,g;D cig - Ak; ,lk; ngw;wpUe;jhd;.

,g;nghOJ gdP K];jyf; Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfis fly; khHf;fj;jpw;F kpf mUfpy; cs;s ,lkhd Kiu]p vd;w

,lj;jpy; itj;J K];ypk;fs; re;jpj;jhHfs;. ,e;jg; Nghhpy; gdP K];jyf; Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfs; gLNjhy;tp

mile;jNjhL> fLikahd ,og;GfisAk; re;jpj;jhHfs;> K];ypk;fSf;F fdprkhd mstpy; NghHg; nghUl;fs;

fpilj;jd> mtw;wpy; ifjpfshfr; rpiw gpbf;fg;gl;l Mz;fSk; kw;Wk; ngz;fSk; mlq;FtH.

gdP K];jyf; ntw;wp nfhs;sg;gl;lTld;> jz;zPH Jiwg; gFjpahfg; ghHj;J K];ypk;fs; $lhukbj;Jj;

jq;fpdhHfs;. mg;nghOJ ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; gzpahsuhd [`;[h gpd; k];Cj; vd;ghH jdJ Fjpiuf;Fj;

jz;zPH fhl;Ltjw;fhf me;jj; jz;zPHj; Jiwg; gf;fkhf mioj;Jr; nrd;whH. mg;nghOJ> ,tUf;Fk; rpdhd;

gpd; tghH my; [{`hdp vd;w md;rhhpj; NjhoUf;FkpilNa rpW tha;j; jfuhW Vw;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;j epiyapy;

rpdhd; jdf;F Mjuthfr; rpy md;]hhpj; NjhoHfis mioj;jhH> mNj Neuj;jpy; [`;[h Nth jdf;F Mjuthf

K`h[pHfis mioj;jhH.

,e;j rk;gtj;ij jdf;Fr; rhjfkhfg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s epidj;j mg;Jy;yh ,g;D cig> K`h[pHfisg;

ghHj;J jfhj thHj;ijfisg; Ngr Muk;gpj;jhhd;. mtd; $wpdhd; :

''K`h[pHfs; ek;Kila Kd;Dhpikfs; Fwpj;J tpthjk; nra;fpd;whHfs;. ek;Kila efuj;jpNyNa ,Ue;J

nfhz;L ,tHfs; ek;ik mjpfhuk; nrYj;jg; ghHf;fpd;whHfs;. mtHfs; vd;iwf;Fk; ekf;F <lhf KbahJ>

Ke;ija fhyj;J kf;fs; mtHfisg; gw;wp Rk;khth nrhy;yp itj;jhHfs;> ''eha;f;F vd;d jhd; cztspj;jhYk;>

mJ Fiuf;fj; jhd; nra;Ankd;W"" vd;Wk; kf;fhtpd; K`h[pHfs; gw;wp Vsdkhff; $wpdhd;.

,td; $wpa ,e;j ,op nrhw;fisr; nrtpAw;w md;]hhpr; rpWtuhd i]j; gpd; mHfk; (uyp) mtHfs;> ele;j

rk;gtj;ijAk; mjpy; mg;Jy;yh ,g;D cig $wpa thHj;ijfisAk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; te;J

njhptpj;J tpLfpd;whHfs;. mJ rkak; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; mUfpy; cl;fhHe;jpUe;j ckH (uyp) mtHfs;

ntFz;nlOe;J> '',iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNs..> vdf;F cj;juT jhUq;fs;> mtdJ jiyiaf; nfha;J

tUfpd;Nwd;"" vd;whHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNsh..>

Page 78: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

''ckNu rw;W mikjp milAk;."" mg;Jy;yhitf; nfhy;tjw;F ehd; cq;fSf;F mDkjp je;jhy;> ghUq;fs;>

K`k;kJ mtuJ NjhoHfisf; nfhiy nra;fpd;whH vd;W kf;fs; fUj khl;lhHfsh? vd;W Nfl;lhHfs;.

,jidaLj;J> clNd kjPdhit Nehf;fp K];ypk;fis gazg;gLkhW ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

tpiuTgLj;jpdhHfs;. gazk; Gwg;gl;l me;j Neuk; ey;y kjpa Ntisahf ,Ue;jNjhL> gazj;jpw;F cfe;j

NeukhfTk; mJ ,Uf;ftpy;iy. Mdhy; midtUk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; cj;jutpw;Ff;

fl;Lg;gl;ltHfshf> VNjh mrk;ghtpjk; epfo;e;jpUf;fpd;wJ> vdNt jhd; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,e;j

Neuj;jpy; gazj;ij Muk;gpj;Js;shHfs;> mjd; Nehf;fj;ij my;yh`;tpd; J}jNu mwpthHfs; vd;W kf;fs;

jq;fSf;Fs; rkhjhdk; $wpf; nfhz;L gazg;glyhdhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisr; nrd;W re;jpj;j mg;Jy;yh gpd; cig jd; kPJ $wg;gLfpd;w Fw;wr;rhl;Lfs;

cz;ikay;y> ehd; mt;thW $wtpy;iy vd;W $wpdhd;. ,d;Dk; mtDf;F Mjuthfr; rpy md;]hHfSk; te;J

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk;> mtH mt;thW $wpapUf;f khl;lhH vd;W $wpdhHfs;. Mdhy; ,J tpraj;jpy;

mikjpahf ,Ug;gNj ey;yJ vd;W KbntLj;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ve;jf; fUj;ijAk; $whJ

mikjpahf ,Ue;J tpl;lhHfs;.

K];ypk;fs; kjPdhit mile;jJk;> kjPdhntq;Fk; ,Nj Ngr;rhfj; jhd; ,Ue;jJ. gy fUj;Jf;fspd;

mbg;gilapy; mg;Jy;yh ,g;D cigiaNa nghJthf kf;fs; Fw;wQ;rhl;bdhHfs;. ,e;jf; Fw;wr;rhl;bidf;

Nfs;tpAw;w mg;Jy;yh ,g;D cigAila kfd;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; te;J :

''ehd; vjidf; Nfs;tpg;gl;NlNdh> mjw;fhf vd;Dila je;ijia ePq;fs; nfhy;y tpUk;Gtjhf ehd; mwpa

tUfpd;Nwd;. mJNt cq;fsJ Nehf;fkhf ,Ue;jhy;> me;j cj;juit vdf;Fj; jhUq;fs;> mtuJ jiyia

ehd; nfha;J tUfpd;Nwd;. vd;idj; jtpu NtW ahUf;fhtJ ,e;j re;jHg;gj;ij toq;fp tpLtPHfNsh vd;W ehd;

mr;rg;gLfpd;Nwd;> ,d;Dk; me;jf; nfhiyahsp kf;fSld; fye;J elkhbf; nfhz;bUg;gijg; ghHf;f vdJ

kdJk; nghWf;fhJ> mjd; fhuzkhf ehd; mtiuf; nfhd;W tpl;lhy;> xU ,iwepuhfhpg;ghsiuf; nfhd;wjw;fhf

ehd; xU ,iwek;gpf;ifahsiuf; nfhd;wjhfp tpLk;> Mifahy; ehd; eufj;jpw;F Nghf Ntz;bajhfp tpLk;"" vd;W

$wpdhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH(]y;) mtHfs; ,e;j ciuiaf; Nfl;lTld;> ,iwtDf;F ed;wp nrYj;jpatHfshf> '',];yhj;jpw;fhf

Ntz;b jq;fsJ je;ijkhHfisf; $l mHg;gzk; nra;tjw;Fj; jahuhf K];ypk;fspy; rpyH ,Uf;fpd;whHfs;""

cdf;Nf vy;yhg; GfOk; ah my;yh`; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

mg;Jy;yh ,g;D cig mtHfspd; kfdhhpd; gf;fk; jpUk;gpa fUizapd; jhafk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; :

''cq;fsJ mHg;gzq;fSf;F ed;wpfs; gy. cq;fsJ je;ijf;F vjpuhf ehd; ve;j eltbf;ifiaAk; vLf;f

khl;Nld;"" vd;W cWjp $Wfpd;Nwd; vd;whHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; fUiziag; Nghw;wp Gfo;e;jhH mg;Jy;yh ,g;D cigapd; kfdhH. mtH

mq;fpUe;J efHe;jJk;> jdf;F mUfpy; ,Ue;j ckH (uyp) mtHfisg; ghHj;J :

''ckNu..! ,g;nghOJ ePq;fs; vd;d epidf;fpd;wPHfs;. ePq;fs; mtiuf; nfhy;tjw;F mDkjp Nfl;l ehspy; ehd;

cq;fSf;F mDkjp toq;fpapUf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy;> ,e;j kf;fNs mtDf;F Mjuthfj; jpUk;gp ,Uf;ff; $Lk;.

,d;iwf;F ghUq;fs;> mtUila nrhe;j kfNd mtiuf; nfhy;tjw;F Kd; te;jpUf;fpd;whH.""

,jidf; Nfl;l ckH(uyp) mtHfs;> '' epr;rakhf> ePq;fs; mwptij ehd; mwpa khl;Nld;""> cq;fsJ

njhiyNehf;Fr; rpe;jid jPHf;fkhdJ> ,d;Dk; mUs;nra;ag;gl;lJ"" vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

Map\h (uyp) mtHfSk; ckH (uyp) mtHfSk;

gdP K];jyf; NghH> ,d;DnkhU JujpU\;lkhdnjhU rhpj;jpur; rk;gtj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ> mJ rpy fhyq;fSf;F

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;Fk; mtHfsJ NjhoHfSf;Fk; kpfTk; jHk rq;flkhd epiyiaj; Njhw;Wtpj;jJ.

xt;nthU rkaKk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kjPdhit tpl;Lk; ntspf; fpsk;Gk; nghOJk;> NghUf;fhf

ntspf;fpsk;Gk; nghOJk; mtHfSld; mtHfsJ JiztpahH xUtH cld; nry;tJ tof;fk;. me;j

mbg;gilapy;> gdP K];jyf; Nghhpd; nghOJ Map\h (uyp) mtHfs; cld; te;jhHfs;. gdP K];jyf; Kw;Wif

Kbtile;jTld;> kjPdhtpw;Fj; jpUk;gp te;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ xl;lifapd; kPJ itf;fg;gl;bUe;j

$lhuj;jpy; mkHe;J Map\h (uyp) mtHfs; gazk; nra;J nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. mg;Jy;yh cig apdhy; vOe;j

vjpHghuhj rk;gtk;> kw;Wk; jpBH gazg; Gwg;ghL Mfpa midj;Jk; Vw;fdNt jpl;lkpUe;jgb gazk; mikahky;>

Page 79: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

xUtpj Fog;gkhd #o;epiy epytpaJ. ,e;j epiyapy; kjPdhtpw;Fr; rw;Wj; njhiytpy; ,utpy; $lhukbj;J

K];ypk;fs; Xhplj;jpy; jq;fpdhHfs;. mjpfhiy Neuk; te;jTld; me;j ,lj;ij tpl;Lk; fpsk;GkhW kf;fSf;F

cj;juT nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. me;j Neuj;jpy; Map\h (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ ,aw;ifj; Njitia epiwT nra;Ak;

nghUl;L rw;Wj; njhiythd ,lj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W te;jhHfs;. mtHfs; jdJ xl;liff;F mUfpy; te;jJk;>

jdJ fOj;jpy; ,Ue;j Kj;J khiy fhzhjij mwpe;J nfhz;lhHfs;. jdJ ,aw;ifj; Njitia epiwT

nra;j ,lj;jpy; mJ tpOe;jpUf;ff; $Lk; vd epidj;j Map\h (uyp) mtHfs; me;j Kj;J khiyiaj; Njbf;

nfhz;L kPz;Lk; me;j ,lj;jpw;F tpiufpd;whHfs;. ,e;j ,ilg;gl;l Neuj;jpy;> mtHfs; gazk; nra;J te;j

xl;lfj;jpy; ,Ue;j $lhuk; %b ,Ue;jjd; fhuzkhf> mjw;F nghWg;ghf epakpf;fg;gl;ltH Map\h (uyp) mtHfs;

me;j $lhuj;jpw;Fs; ,Uf;fpd;whH vd epidj;Jf; nfhz;L xl;lfj;ij elj;jpf; nfhz;L nrd;W tpl;lhH. Kj;J

khiyiaj; Njbf; nfhz;L jpUk;gp te;j Map\h (uyp) mtHfs;> jdJ xl;lif gazg;gl;L tpl;lijAk;> kf;fs;

midtUk; nrd;W tpl;lijAk; mwpe;J> me;j ,lj;jpNyNa jdJ cilfis ed;F NghHj;jpf; nfhz;L J}q;fp

tpLfpd;whHfs;.

,e;j epiyapy;> J}q;fpf; nfhz;bUe;j Map\h (uyp) mtHfspd; fhJfspy;> '',d;dh ypy;yh`p t ,d;dh

,iy`p uh[pCd;"" vd;w nrhw;fs; fhjpy; tpOfpd;wd. tpiue;J fz; tpopj;Jg; ghHj;j Map\h (uyp) mtHfs;>

mq;F xU ,isQH xl;lfj;Jld; epw;gijf; fhz;fpwhHfs;. r/g;thd; ,g;D Kmj;jy; (uyp) vd;w me;j

,isQH> kf;fs; ,lj;ijf; fhyp nra;J nfhz;L nrd;w gpd;dH> me;j ,lj;jpy; VNjDk; nghUl;fs; tplg;gl;L

nrd;W tpl;ldth vd;gijf; ftdpg;gjw;fhf te;jtH> me;j ,lj;jpy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; MUapHj;

JiztpahH Map\h (uyp) mtHfisf; fhz;fpwhHfs;. jdf;F Kd;dhy; r/g;thd; ,g;D Kmj;jy; (uyp) mtHfs;

epd;W nfhz;bUg;gijf; fz;l Map\h (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ cilahy; jd;id tpiue;J NghHj;jpf;

nfhs;fpd;whHfs;. ,g;nghOJ r/g;thd; (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ xl;lfj;ij fPNo mku itj;J> mjd; $lhuj;jpy;

Map\h (uyp) mtHfs; mkHe;jJld;> me;j xl;lfj;jpd; %f;Ff; fapw;iwg; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;ltuhf jdJ

gazj;ijj; njhlHfpd;whH. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kjPdhitr; nrd;wile;jjd; gpd;dH rpy kzp Neuq;

fopj;J kjpa Ntisapy; r/g;thd; (uyp) mtHfSk;> mtHfSld; xl;lfj;jpy; gazk; nra;j Map\h (uyp)

mtHfSk; kjPdhit milfpd;whHfs;. ,e;jr; rk;gtk; mg;Jy;yh ,g;D cigf;Fk;> ,d;Dk; rpy

eatQ;rfHfSf;Fk; Map\h (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhf fl;Lf; fijfisg; Gide;J tpLtjw;fhd re;jHg;gj;ij

toq;fp tpl;lJ. ,e;jr; nra;jp ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis kpfTk; ghjpj;jJ> Map\h (uyp) mtHfis

tpthfuj;Jr; nra;J tpLtjw;fhf Ntz;b> jdf;F neUq;fpa NjhoHfsplk; MNyhridAk; elj;jpdhHfs;. myp

(uyp) mtHfNsh..> Map\h (uyp) mtHfis tpthfuj;Jr; nra;J tpLkhW MNyhrid $Wfpd;whHfs;.

Mdhy; ckH (uyp) mtHfNsh..> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNs..> ,e;j eatQ;rfHfisg; gw;wp cq;fSf;Fj;

njhpahjh> ,tHfs; ngha;aHfs; vd;whHfs;. ,J tpraj;jpy; ,iwtd; ey;y jPHg;G toq;Fthd;. mtHfs; tpraj;jpy;

re;Njf Nkfq;fisr; #o tpl khl;lhd;> Ngijahd me;jg; ngz;zpd; kPjhd fsq;fj;ijg; gw;wpa jPHg;ig mtNd

toq;Fthd; vd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F MWjy; $wpdhHfs;.

gpd;dH> ckH (uyp) mtHfs; vjpHghHj;jJ NghyNt ,iwtd; Gwj;jpypUe;J ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F t`p

- ,iwr; nra;jp ntspg;ghL te;jpwq;fpaJ> Map\h (uyp) mtHfs; Fw;wkw;wtHfs; vd;W jPHg;ghfpaJ. ,e;jg;

gpur;id ,t;thW jPHf;fg;gl;lTld;> Fog;ghd me;j Neuj;jpy; cWJizahf ,Ue;jikf;fhf ckH (uyp)

mtHfSf;F ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ed;wp $wpdhHfs;. ,e;jr; rk;gtj;ij vg;nghOJk; mir Nghl;Lg;

ghHf;Fk; Map\h (uyp) mtHfs; ckH (uyp) mtHfSf;F jdJ ed;wpiaj; njhptpf;ff; $batHfshf ,Ue;jNjhL>

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; ,we;J tpl;lgpd;> jdJ miwapy;..> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F mUfpy; mtuJ cliy

ey;ylf;fk; nra;tjw;F kdKte;J mDkjp toq;fpdhHfs;.

ngz;fSf;fhd `p[hg;

Muk;g fhy kjPdhtpy; ngz;fs; `p[hg; mzpAk; gof;fkpy;yhjtHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;. mtHfs; Mz;fSf;F

kj;jpapy; nrd;W tu te;jhHfs;. kjPdhtpy; tho;e;j ,iwek;gpf;ifahsHfs; epiwe;j ,iwek;gpf;if

nfhz;ltHfshjyhy;> ngz;fs; tpraj;jpy; kpfTk; ftdkhf ele;J nfhz;lhHfs;. ,d;Dk; K];ypk;fSld;

trpj;J te;j rpy eatQ;rfHfs; kw;Wk; A+jHfs; %ykhf ngz;fs; tpraj;jpy; rpy rq;flkhd epfo;Tfs;

Vw;glyhk; vd;w vjpHghHg;gpUe;jJ. ,e;j eatQ;rfHfs; kw;Wk; A+jHfs; tpraj;jpy; mtHfs; ngz;fsplk; VjhtJ

jfhj nray;fisf; fhl;b ,iwtDk; mjid jLf;fhjpUe;jhy;> mJ K];ypk; r%fj;jpy; kpfg; ngUk; ghjfkhd

tpisit Vw;gLj;jp tpLk; vd;W ckH (uyp) mtHfs; fUjpdhHfs;.

Page 80: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,e;jf; fUj;ij ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; vLj;Jf; $wpa ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> ngz;fs; jq;fs;

,y;yq;fspypNyNa ,Ue;J nfhs;tJ ey;yJ vd;whHfs;. ,d;Dk;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; kidtpkhHfs;

tPl;il tpl;L ntspNa nry;yhJ> tPl;bNyNa jq;fp ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk;> mtHfsJ fz;zpak; vd;gJ K];ypk;

r%fj;jpw;F kpfg; nghpanjhU kjpg;G tha;e;jJ vd;Wk; $wpdhHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; ,e;j MNyhridiaf; Nfs;tpg;gl;l ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; kidtpkhHfspy;

xUtuhd i]dg; (uyp) mtHfs; :

'ckNu..! ePq;fs; ,iwj;J}jUila cs;tPl;Lg; gpur;idapy; jiyapLfpd;wPHfs;. ,iwr; nra;jp (t`p) vq;fsJ

tPl;bw;F tUfpd;wJ> ePq;fNsh cq;fsJ nrhe;jf; fUj;jpid ,q;F nfhz;L tUfpd;wPHfNs.."" vd;whHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; fUj;jpid Mjhpj;J> mtHfis jl;bf; nfhLj;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,J

tp\akhf ,iwr; nra;jp tul;Lk; KbntLg;Nghk; vd;whHfs;.

,J tp\akhf ,iwr;nra;jpAk; ,wq;fpaJ. me;j ,iwtrdkhtJ :

egpNa! ck;Kila kidtpfsplk;; ''ePq;fs; ,t;Tyf tho;f;ifiaAk;> ,jd; myq;fhuj;ijAk; ehLtPHfshdhy;>

thUq;fs;! ehd; cq;fSf;F tho;f;iff;F chpaijf; nfhLj;J mofpa Kiwapy; cq;fis tpLjiy nra;fpNwd;.

''Mdhy;> ePq;fs; my;yh`;itAk;> mtd; J}jiuAk;> kWikapd; tPl;ilAk; tpUk;GtPHfshdhy;> mg;nghOJ

cq;fspy; ed;ikahsHfSf;fhf my;yh`; kfj;jhd ew;$ypia epr;rakhf rpj;jk; nra;jpUf;fpwhd;"" vd;Wk;

$WtPuhf! (33:28-29)

,d;DnkhU ,iwtrdj;jpy;>

egpAila kidtpfNs! cq;fspy; vtNuDk; gfpuq;fkhd khdf;NfL nra;thuhapd;> mtUf;F Ntjid

,ul;bf;fg;gLk;; ,J my;yh`;Tf;F kpfTk; RygNkahFk;! md;wpAk; cq;fspy; vtH my;yh`;Tf;Fk; mtDila

J}jUf;Fk; topgl;L> ey;y mky; nra;fpwhNuh> mtUf;F ehk; ew;$ypia ,UKiw toq;FNthk;; ,d;Dk; mtUf;F

fz;zpakhd czitAk; rpj;jk; nra;jpUf;fpNwhk;. (33:30-31)

,d;DnkhU ,iwtrdj;jpy;>

egpapd; kidtpfNs! ePq;fs; ngz;fspy; kw;wg; ngz;fisg; Nghyy;y. ePq;fs; ,iwar;rj;NjhL ,Uf;f

tpUk;gpdhy;> (me;epaUld; elj;Jk;) Ngr;rpy; espdk; fhl;lhjPHfs;. Vnddpy; vtd; cs;sj;jpy; Neha; (jtwhd

Nehf;fk;) ,Uf;fpd;wNjh> m(j;jifa)td; Mir nfhs;thd;; ,d;Dk; ePq;fs; ey;y Ngr;Nr NgRq;fs;. (egpapd;

kidtpfNs!) ePq;fs; cq;fs; tPLfspNyNa jq;fpapUq;fs;; Kd;dH mQ;Qhd fhyj;jpy; (ngz;fs;) jphpe;J

nfhz;bUe;jijg; Nghy; ePq;fs; jphpahjPHfs;; njhOifia Kiwg;gb cWjpAld; filg;gpbj;J njhOq;fs;;

[fhj;Jk; nfhLj;J thUq;fs;. my;yh`;Tf;Fk;> mtDila J}jUf;Fk; fPo;gbAq;fs;; (egpapd;)

tPl;ilAilatHfNs! cq;fis tpl;Lk; mRj;jq;fis ePf;fp> cq;fis Kw;wpYk; ghpRj;jkhf;fp tplNt my;yh`;

ehLfpwhd;. (33:32-33)

Nkw;fz;l ,iwtrdq;fspd; ntspg;ghlhdJ> ckH (uyp)mtHfspd; fUj;jpid Mjhpj;J mjid

cWjpg;gLj;JtJ Nghyike;J tpl;lJ. Nkw;fz;l trdq;fs; mUsg;gl;ljd; gpd;dH> ''ckNu ePq;fs; vjid

tpUk;gpdPHfNsh> mjid my;yh`;Tk; cq;fs; tpraj;jpy; tpUk;gp tpl;lhd;> vd;W ckH (uyp) mtHfisg; ghHj;Jj;

jpUk;gpa ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; NkYk; $wpdhHfs;> ''ckNu..! kPz;Lk; xUKiw ckJ ehtpd; topahf

my;yh`; NgrpAs;shd;"" vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

kf;fhtpd; ntw;wpf;F Kd; eilngw;w NghHfs;

JHgh Aj;jk;

kf;fhtpypUe;J ,uz;L ehs; gaz njhiytpy; mike;jpUe;j JHgh vd;w gFjpapy; gD} ft;]hd; vd;w

Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfs; tho;e;J te;jhHfs;. ,tHfs; ,];yhj;jpw;F vjpuhd gy eltbf;iffspy; gq;F

nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. vdNt> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,e;j Nfhj;jpuj;jtHfSf;F vjpuhf xU eltbf;if

mtrpak; vd;W fUjp> fp.gp.629 y; xU NghH eltbf;ifia Nkw;nfhz;lhHfs;.

gD} ft;]hd; fSf;F vjpuhd ,e;j eltbf;iff;F ckH (uyp) mtHfis jiyikg; nghWg;Ngw;f itj;J>

mtuJ jiyikapy; xU gilia mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. NghH eltbf;iffs; Muk;gkhtjw;F Kd;dH> mtHfis

Page 81: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,];yhj;jpd;ghy; mioAq;fs;> mtHfs; mjw;F kjpg;gspj;J ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhy; rhp> ,y;iy vd;why;

cq;fsJ typikiag; gad;gLj;jp> mtHfis mtHfsJ ,Ug;gplq;fspypUe;J ntspNaw;wp tpLq;fs;> JHghtpid

tpl;Lk; mtHfis tpul;b mbAq;fs; vd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ckH (uyp) mtHfSf;F cj;juT

gpwg;gpj;jhHfs;.

,e;j eltbf;iff;F Kg;gJ NgH nfhz;l gil jahuhdJ. ,tHfSf;F topfhl;bahf gD} `pyhy;

Nfhj;jpuj;ijr; NrHe;j xUtH epakpf;fg;gl;lhH> mtH JHgh rkntspf;Fr; nry;yf; $ba ahUk; vspjpy; fz;L

gpbj;J tplhjgb> khw;Wg; ghij topNa mioj;Jr; nrd;whH.

K];ypk;fspd; gil JHgh gFjpia Nehf;fp tUfpd;wJ vd;gjid vg;gbNah Nfs;tpg;gl;L tpl;l gD} ft;]hd;fs;>

jq;fsJ fhy;eilfis Xl;bf; nfhz;Lk; jq;fsJ ,Ug;gplj;ij fhyp nra;J tpl;L ntspNawpr; nrd;W

tpl;lhHfs;. me;j ,lj;jpNyNa K];ypk; gilfs; rpwpJ ehl;fs; jq;fpdhHfs;. mNj Neuj;jpy; gD} ft;]hd;fs;

vq;fpUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;gij mwpe;J nfhz;L tUtjw;F csTg;gilAk; gy;NtW ghfq;fSf;Fk; mDg;gp

itf;fg;gl;lJ. mtHfsJ ,Ug;gplk; gw;wp ve;jtpj jftYk; fpilf;ftpy;iy> ,d;Dk; kf;fhtpw;F kpf mUfpy;

,Ue;J nfhz;L K];ypk;fSf;Fj; njhe;juT nfhLj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j kf;fis> ve;jtpj gyg;gpuNahfKk;

,y;yhky; ntw;wp <l;lg;gl;lJ> ,jd; gpd;dH K];ypk; gilfs; kjPdh jpUk;g KbntLj;jhHfs;.

mtHfsJ gil kjPdhtpw;Fj; jpUk;gpf; nfhz;bUe;j Ntisapy;> kjPdhtpw;Fk; rw;W 6 iky; njhiytpy;

[pay;[]h vd;w ,lj;ij neUq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ topfhl;bahf te;j gD} `pyhy; $wpdhH :

gD} ft;]hd; fSf;F vjpuhd eltbf;ifapy; cq;fSf;F ve;j fdPkj;Jg; nghUl;fSk; fpilf;ftpy;iy>

kjPdhtpw;Fj; jpUk;gpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; cq;fSf;F VjhtJ Mjhakhf fdPkj; nghUl;fs; Ntz;Lnkdpy;> ,Nj

mUfpy; ,Uf;Fk; gD} F]hk; Ij; jhf;fpdhy; cq;fSf;F fdPkj;Jg; nghUl;fs; fpilf;fyhk;. mtHfis

vjpHghuhjtpjkhf jhf;Fk; tpjkhf> mjw;fhd ghijiaAk; ehd; cq;fSf;Ff; fhl;Lfpd;Nwd; vd;whH. mtHfs;

gQ;rj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;bUe;j NghjpYk;> mtHfsplk; ey;y nry;t tsq;fs; cs;sd>mJNt cq;fSf;Fg;

NghJkhdjhf ,Uf;Fk; vd;whH.

,jidf; Nfl;l ckH (uyp) mtHfs; : ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; vd;id gD} ft]hd; Nfhj;jpuj;jhH kPJ

eltbf;if vLf;f kl;LNk mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. ek;Kila Nehf;fk; ,];yhk; jhNd xopa> cyf Mjhaq;fs;

my;yNt vd;whHfs;. ,d;Dk; NtW ve;j Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfisAk; jhf;Ftjw;F ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; vdf;F

mDkjp toq;fpapUf;ftpy;iy> vdNt> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; mDkjp ,y;yhj epiyapy;> NghHg;

nghUl;fSf;F Mirg;gl;L ehd; jhf;Fjy; njhLf;f mr;rg;gLfpd;Nwd; vd;whHfs;. kjPdhtpw;Fj; jpUk;gpa gpd;G>

ele;j tpguq;fis ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; njhptpj;jhHfs;. ,jidf; Nfl;l

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> ''ckNu..! ePq;fs; ey;yijNa nra;jPHfs;> mtuJ nrhy;gb ePq;fs; ele;jpUg;gPHfs;

vd;why; ehd; re;Njhrg;gl;bUf;f khl;Nld;"" vd;whHfs;.

ifgH Aj;jk;

kjPdhtpypUe;J A+jHfs; tpul;babf;fg;gl;ljd; gpd;dH> mtHfs; ifgH vd;w ,lj;jpy; jq;fp tuyhdhHfs;.

A+jHfs; vg;nghOJk; #o;r;rp nra;tjpYk;> tQ;rfkhf elg;gjpYk; ty;ytHfs;> ,d;Dk; K];ypk;fs; tp\aj;jpy;

mtHfs; vg;nghOJk; %f;if Eioj;j tz;zNk ,Ug;gtHfs;.

`{ijgpa;ah cld;gbf;ifapd;gb> K];ypk;fSf;Fk; kf;fj;Jf; Fiw\pfSf;FkpilNa xU gj;J Mz;L NghH

epWj;j xg;ge;jk; xd;W cld;ghlhfpapUe;jJ. vdNt> ntspg;gilahf Fiw\pfs; K];ypk;fSf;F vjpuhf

A+jHfSf;F cjt ,ayhJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf> A+jHfs; K];ypk;fSf;F vjpuhf Neub eltbf;ifapy; ,wq;f

KbahJ Nghdjd; fhuzkhf> mtHfs; je;jpukhf ,d;ndhU $l;lzpia K];ypk;fSf;F vjpuhf

cUthf;fpdhHfs;.

A+jHfs; K];ypk;fSf;F vjpuhf #o;r;rpfs; nra;J tUtij mwpe;Jnfhz;l ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> fp.gp.629

y; A+jHfSf;F vjpuhf ifgiu Nehf;fp> 1400 NjhoHfSld; Gwg;gl;lhHfs;. K];ypk;fs; gilAld; tUtij

mwpe;Jnfhz;l A+jHfs;> jq;fsJ Nfhl;ilfisj; jhopl;L tpl;L Nfhl;ilf;Fs; xope;J nfhz;lhHfs;. ,e;jf;

Nfhl;il kpfTk; cWjp tha;e;j kjpy; RtHfshy; fl;lg;gl;bUe;jJ.

ePz;l ehs; Kw;Wifiaj; jhf;Fg; gpbg;gjw;Fj; Njitahd czTfSk;> ,d;Dk; MAjq;fSk; $l me;jf;

Page 82: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

Nfhl;ilf;Fs; ,Ue;jd. ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;SkhW ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; mtHfSf;F miog;Gf;

nfhLj;jhHfs;. me;j miog;ig mtHfs; cjhrpdk; nra;jhHfs;. mjd; gpd; mtHfSf;F vjpuhf Aj;jj;ijj;

njhlq;FkhW ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)mtHfs; jdJ NjhoHfisg; gzpj;jhHfs;.

Kjy; ehs; md;W> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ jiyikapd; fPo; Kjy; jhf;Fjy; njhLf;fg;gl;lJ. A+jHfs; jq;fs;

Nfhl;ilfSf;F cs;spUe;J nfhz;lhHfNs jtpu> K];ypk;fis vjpHj;J vjpH jhf;Fjy; njhLf;f

Kd;tutpy;iy.

,uz;lhtJ ehs;> ckH (uyp)mtHfspd; jiyikapy; jhf;Fjy; njhLf;fg;gl;lJ> mg;nghOJk; mtHfs;

vjpHjhf;Fjypy; <Lgltpy;iy> Nfhl;ilfSf;Fs; ,Ue;J nfhz;lhHfs;.

%d;whtJ ehs;> myp (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikapy; jhf;Fjy; njhLf;fg;gl;lJ> A+jHfs; jq;fsJ Nfhl;ilia

tpl;Lk; ntspNa te;jhHfs;> NghH Muk;gkhdJ. NeUf;F NeH ele;j Aj;jj;jpy;> A+jHfs; ntw;wp

nfhs;sg;gl;lhHfs;.

,Wjpapy;> ,UtUf;FkpilNa Vw;gl;l xg;ge;jj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;> K];ypk;fSf;F [p];ah thp fl;LtJ vd;Wk;> epy

tpisr;rypy; xU ghjpia K];ypk;fSf;F thpahfj; je;J tpLtJ vd;Wk; xg;ge;jk; ifnaOj;jhdJ.

ifgH NghH gy;NtW tpjq;fspy; K];ypk;fSf;F rhjfkhf mike;jJ. A+jHfs; ,g;nghOJ K];ypk;fspd; Ml;rpg;

gFjpapy; K];ypk;fSf;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;L thof; $batHfshf MdhHfs;. ,d;Dk; Fiw\pfs; A+jHfspd; Mjuit

,oe;J NghdhHfs;> ,d;Dk; kf;fhtpd; ntw;wpf;F ifgH Aj;jk; jhd; mbg;gilahfTk; mike;jJ.

ifgH y; K];ypk;fs; jq;fp ,Ue;j nghOJ> i]dg; gpd;j; `hhpj; vd;w A+jg; ngz;kzp ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfisAk;> mtuJ NjhoHfisAk; tpUe;Jf;F mioj;jpUe;jhH. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F mUfpy;

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSk;> mtHfis mLj;J ckH (uyp) mtHfSk; mkHe;jpUe;jhHfs;.

tpUe;jpd; nghOJ ghpkhwg;gl;lnjhU> ,iwr;rpj; Jz;il vLj;J fbj;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; mjidj;

J}f;fp vwpe;J tpl;L> mjpy; tp\k; jltg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ vd;W $wp> mij cz;z Ntz;lhnkd;W jdJ

NjhoHfisAk; jLj;J tpl;lhHfs;. mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSk;> ckH (uyp) mtHfSk; me;j ,iwr;rpia thapy;

itf;fhky;> me;j Neuj;jpy; tha;f;F rw;W njhiytpNyNa itj;jpUe;J> J}f;fp vwpe;J tpl;lhHfs;. Mdhy; gp\H

gpd; g;uh (uyp) vd;w NjhoH> me;j ,iwr;rpia cz;ljd; fhuzkhf> rpwpJ Neuj;jpy; kuzj;ijj; jOtp tpl;lhH.

tpUe;J Fog;gj;jpy; Kbe;jJ. i]dg; vd;w me;j A+jg; ngz;kzp tprhuizf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;lhs;> mts; jdJ

jtiw xg;Gf; nfhz;lhs;. tp\k; jltg;gl;l ,iwr;rpia cz;gtH ,iwj;J}juhf ,Uf;Fk;gl;rj;jpy;> mJ

mtUf;Fj; njhpe;J tpLk;> mtH ,iwj;J}juhf ,y;yhjgl;rj;jpy;> mtH ,e;j cyfj;ij tpl;Nl nrd;W tpLthH

vd;W epidj;J> te;jpUg;gJ ,iwj;J}jH jhdh vd;gijr; Nrhjpj;Jg; ghHf;fNt mjpy; tp\j;ijj; jltpg;

ghpNrhjpj;Njd; vd;whs;.

,Wjpapy;> mts; kd;dpf;fg;gl;L ,];yhj;ijj; jOtp tpl;lhs; vd;W xU mwptpg;Gk;> mts; jiy Jz;bf;fg;gl;L

jz;lid epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ vd;W ,d;ndhU mwptpg;Gk; $Wfpd;wd.

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; thapyhf>,e;jg; NghH Fwpj;jnjhU mwptpg;gpy;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; NjhoHfs;

jq;fSf;Fs; ,we;j NjhoHfisg; gw;wp> ,d;dhH ,d;dhH vd;W mtuJ ngaiur; nrhy;yp> ,tH ,iwtopapy;

capH Jwe;j jpahfp..> vd;W $wpf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ> xU NjhoH xU NjhouJ ngaiur; nrhy;yp>

'',tH..> jpahfp"" vd;whH. ,jidf; Nfl;l ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> ''mt;thwy;y> mtH NeHikaw;w Kiwapy;

xU Milia vLj;Jf; nfhz;ljd; %yk; mtiu ehd; me;j MilAld; eufj;jpy; ghHj;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;""

vd;whHfs;. gpd;dH> '',g;D fj;jhNg..! me;j kf;fsplk; nrd;W> ',iwek;gpf;ifahsHfs; kl;LNk Rtdk;

nry;thHfs;" vd;W %d;W Kiw gpufldg;gLj;JtPHfshf..!"" vd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ cj;juTf;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;l ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> me;j kf;fsplk; nrd;W

'',iwek;gpf;ifahsHfs; kl;LNk Rtdk; nry;;thHfs;"" vd;W %d;W Kiw mwptpj;jhHfs;.

kf;fh> jG+f;

kf;fh ntw;wp

`{ijgpa;ah cld;gbf;ifapd; mbg;gilapy;> muGf;Fyj;jtHfs; xd;W K];ypk;fSf;F rhHghdtHfshf my;yJ

Page 83: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

Fiw\pfSf;Fr; rhHghdtHfshf kl;LNk ,Uf;f KbAk;. ,jdbg;gilapy; gD} gf;fH Nfhj;jpuj;jhH

Fiw\pfspd; gf;fKk;> gD} ft]hd; Nfhj;jpuj;jhH K];ypk;fspd; gf;fKk; ,Ue;jdH.

Mdhy; ,e;j cld;gbf;iff;Fg; ghjfkhd Kiwapy;> gD} gf;fH Nfhj;jpuj;jhH gD} ft]hd;

Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfisj; jhf;f Muk;gpj;jNjhL kl;Lky;yhJ> f/ghtpDs; milf;fyk; GFe;j me;jf;

Nfhj;jpuj;jtHfisAk; $l gpbj;J> nfhiy nra;J tpl;lhHfs;.

,e;jr; #o;epiyapy;> `{ijgpa;ah cld;gbf;ifapd; mbg;gilapy; gD} ft]hd;fs; K];ypk;fsplk; cjt

NfhhpdhHfs;. ,e;j tptfhuj;jpy; clNd jiyaplhj epiyapy;> Fiw\pfspd; kPJ K];ypk;fs; NghH

eltbf;ifiaj; jtpHf;f Ntz;Lk; vDk;gl;rj;jpy;> Fiw\pfs; %d;W epge;jidfSf;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;L mjid

epiwNtw;wpahf Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; vr;rhpf;if tpLj;jhHfs;. mjhtJ>

,we;j gD} ft]hd;fspd; FLk;gj;jtHfSf;F ,uj;j ,og;gPl;Lj; njhif toq;f Ntz;Lk;

gD} gf;fH Nfhj;jpuj;jtHfSila cwtpidj; Jz;bj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. my;yJ (Nkw;fz;l

,uz;ilAk; epiwNtw;whjgl;rj;jpy;)

`{ijgpa;ah cld;gbf;if nry;yj;jfhjjhf Mfp tpLk;

Fiw\pfSf;Nf chpa me;j td;kk; jiyf;Nfw> vq;fshy; ,uj;j ,og;gPl;Lj; njhifiaAk; toq;f KbahJ> gD}

gf;fhpd; cwitAk; Jz;bj;Jf; nfhs;s ,ayhJ> ,d;Dk; `{ijgpa;ah cld;gbf;if nry;yj;jfhjjhf Mfp

tpl;ljhfNt ehd; fUjpf; nfhs;fpd;Nwhk; vd;whHfs;.

`{ijgpa;ah cld;gbf;if nry;yj;jfhjjhf Mfp tpl;lJ> Fiw\pfNs Kd;te;J mjidr; nra;jpUf;fpd;whHfs;

vd;gjpy; K];ypk;fs; re;Njh\g;gl;lhHfs;> mjpy; Fwpg;ghf ckH (uyp) mtHfs; kpfTk; re;Njh\kile;jhHfs;.

Mdhy;> ehd; tpNtfkw;w Kiwapy; `{ijgpa;ah cld;gbf;ifia Kwpj;Jf; nfhz;L tpl;NlhNk vd;W

tpiutpNyNa Fiw\pfs; czuj;jiyg;gl;lhHfs;. kf;fj;Jf; Fiw\pfspd; jiytuhf ,Ue;j mGR/g;ahd;>

kjPdhtpw;F te;J kPz;Lk; me;j xg;ge;jj;ijg; GJg;gpg;gjw;fhf te;jhH. ,d;Dk; jdJ kfSk;> ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfspd; kidtpAkhd () nrd;W jdf;fhfg; ghpe;J NgRk;gb Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhH. Mdhy; mtHfs;

kWj;J tpl;lhHfs;. ,d;Dk; mGgf;fH (uyp) kw;Wk; myp (uyp) mtHfisAk; re;jpj;jhH> Mdhy; ,tuJ

Nfhhpf;ifia mtHfs; nrtp kLf;ff; $lj; jahuhf ,y;iy. gpd;dH ckH (uyp) mtHfisr; re;jpj;jhH>

ckNuh..> epiyikapd; tpghPjj;ij mtUf;Fg; Ghpa itj;J> ,dp Fiw\pfs; ,];yhj;ijj; jOTtijj; jtpu

NtW topapy;iy vd;W $wp tpl;lhH. rkhjhdj;ij Ntz;b te;j mG+R/gahd; mtHfSf;F mjw;fhf ve;jtopAk;

fpilf;fhjjhy;> te;j Ntiy epiwT ngwhky; gadw;wtuhf kf;fhit Nehf;fpj; jpUk;gpdhH.

mGR/gahd; kjPdhit tpl;Lk; fpsk;gp tpl;lgpd;> gilfisj; jahhpf;FkhW jdJ NjhoHfSf;F ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfs; cj;jutpl;lhHfs;. jdJ kfshuhd md;id `/]h (uyp) mtHfisf; fhz te;j ckH (uyp)

mtHfs;> md;idatHfs; rpy nghUl;fis jahH nra;J nfhz;bUg;gijf; fz;lhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs; ,e;jg; nghUl;fis jahH nra;Ak;gb cq;fSf;F cj;ju tpl;lhHfsh vd;whHfs;> md;idatHfSk; Mk;

vd;whHfs;. mjd; gpd;dH ckH (uyp) mtHfisj; jdpikahd ,lj;jpw;F mioj;Jr; nrd;W> ehk; ,g;nghOJ

kf;fhtpd; kPJ gil elj;jg; Nghfpd;Nwhk;> vd;Dld; ePq;fSk; tUfpd;wPHfs; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

gj;jhapuk; NgH nfhz;l typik kpf;f gilnahd;W kf;fhit Nehf;fp> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; jiyikapy;

fpsk;gpaJ. kf;fhit mz;kpj;j K];ypk;fs;> jq;fsJ gilia kH my; ]`;uhd; vd;w ,lj;jpy; rpwpJ

jq;fpdhHfs;.

,q;F itj;J> mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfis kf;fhtpw;Fj; J}juhf mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. mG+R/g;ahd; mtHfisr;

nrd;W re;jpj;j mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfs;> ,g;nghOJ Fiw\pfs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisr; nrd;W re;jpj;J>

mtHfsJ fUiziag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;gb mwpTWj;jpdhHfs;. mG+R/g;ahd; mtHfSk; ,jw;Fr; rk;kjpj;J>

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; vd;d nrhy;y tUfpd;whHfs; vd;gijg; ghHg;Nghk; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ mG+R/g;ahd; mtHfSk;> mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfSk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; ,Ug;gplj;jpw;Fs;

Eiotijf; fz;Zw;w ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> tpiue;J mq;Nf nrd;W> ,iwj;J}jH(]y;) mtHfisg; ghHj;J>

'',];yhj;jpd; ,e;j vjphpapd; jiyiaj; Jz;bf;f vdf;F mDkjp jhUq;fs;"" vd;whHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs;> ckNu..> rw;Wg; nghWj;Jg; ghUq;fs;"" vd;whHfs;.

Page 84: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

me;j ,lj;jpy; itj;J mGR/g;ahd; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhH. mjd; fhuzkhf Fiw\pfspd; vjpHg;G

tYtpoe;J xU KbTf;F te;J tpl;lJ.

mjid mLj;j jpdk;> K];ypfs; ntw;wp Kfj;Jld; kf;fhtpw;Fs; Eioe;jhHfs;. mt;thW mzptFj;J

kf;fhtpw;Fs; gpuNtrpj;j xU mzpf;F ckH (uyp) mtHfs; jiyikNaw;W elj;jpr; nrd;whHfs; vd;gJ

Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

kf;fhtpd; ntw;wp vd;gJ rj;jpaj;jpw;Ff; fpilj;j ntw;wpahFk;. gj;J Mz;LfSf;F Kd;ghf ,Nj efuk;

K];ypk;fisg; gLnfhiyf;F cs;shf;fpa efukhf ,Ue;jJ> ,g;nghOJ K];ypk;fspd; nrhy;Yf;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;L

elf;f Ntz;ba fl;lhaj;jpw;F cs;shdjhf khwp tpl;lJ.

kf;fh ntw;wpf;Fg; gpd;dH> ahH ahnuy;yhk; ,];yhj;jpw;F vjphpfshf ,Ue;J nrhy;nyhz;zh Jd;gq;fis

K];ypk;fspd; kPJ thwp toq;fpdhHfNsh> mtHfs; midtUf;Fk; nghJ kd;dpg;ig toq;fpdhHfs;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSld; mtHfSila NjhoHfs; f/ghtpw;F gpuNtrpj;jhHfs;. f/ghtpy; ,Ue;j rpiyfs;

mfw;wg;gl;L cilj;J nehWf;fg;gl;ld. mjd; gpd;dH jpUkiwapypUe;J fPo;fz;l trdj;ij ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs; Xj Muk;gpj;jhHfs; :

''rj;jpak; te;jJ> mrj;jpak; mope;jJ> epr;rakhf mrj;jpak; mopaf; $baNj"" vd;whHfs;.

,g;nghOJ kf;fs; midtUk; f/ghtpy; xd;W $bdhHfs;> xd;W $ba kf;fsplk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

fPo;f;fz;l ciuia epfo;;j;jpdhHfs; :

''tzf;fj;jpw;Fhpa ehad; my;yh`;itj; jtpu NtW ahUk; ,y;iy. mtDf;F ,iz Jiz vJTkpy;iy.

my;yh`;..> mtdJ mbahUf;F toq;fpa thf;FWjpia epiwNtw;wpf; nfhLj;jhd;> mjid epiwNtw;w cjtpdhd;>

,d;Dk; mjd; %yk; midj;J mrj;jpaq;fisAk; NtuWf;f cjtpdhd;. epidtpy; nfhs;Sq;fs;> vy;yhtpjkhd

Kd;DhpikfSk;> mJ ,uj;j ,og;gplhfNth my;yJ nrhj;J rhHe;jjhfNth ,Ug;gpDk; mJ mopf;fg;gLfpd;wJ>

,d;Dk; f/gh tpd; chpik kw;Wk; `h[pfSf;Fj; jz;zPH Gfl;Ljy; ,tw;iwj; jtpu. epidtpy; itj;Jf;

nfhs;Sq;fs;> vtH nfhy;yg;gLfpd;wNuh mtUf;Fg; gpujpaPlhf ,dp E}W xl;lfq;fis ,og;gPl;Lj; njhifahf

toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Fiw\pfNs..> mwpahikf;fhyj;jpy; ePq;fs; nfhz;bUe;j ngUikfs; midj;ijAk;

my;yh`; mopj;J tpl;lhd;> ,d;Dk; cq;fsJ %jhijaHfsJ Fyg; ngUikAk; $l> Vndd;why; midj;J

kdpjHfSk; Mjk; (miy) mtHfspd; topj;Njhd;wy;fshthHfs;> ,d;Dk; Mjk; (miy) mtHfs; fspkz;zhy;

gilf;fg;gl;ltuhthHfs;."" gpd;dH kf;fspd; gf;fk; jpUk;gpa ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; :

''X Fiw\pfNs..> cq;fsJ tptfhuj;ijg; nghWj;j ehd; cq;fsplk; ve;j khjphpahf ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;

vd;W tpUk;Gfpd;wPHfs;? .."" vd;whHfs;.

fUiz..> fhl;Lq;fs;> ,iwtDila J}jutHfNs vd;W kWnkhop gfHe;jhHfs;. ehq;fs; cq;fsplk; ey;yijj;

jtpu NtnwjidAk; vjpHg;ghHf;ftpy;iy vd;whHfs;> Fiw\pfs;.

mjd; gpd;dH ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,t;thW mwptpg;Gr; nra;jhHfs; :

''A+Rg; (miy) mtHfs; jdJ rNfhjuHfsplk; $wpa mNj thHj;ijfis cq;fsplk; ehd; $Wfpd;Nwd;. ,d;iwa

jpdj;jpy; cq;fSf;F vjpuhf ve;j Mjhuq;fSk; ,y;iy> cq;fs; topapy; ePq;fs; nry;yyhk;> ePq;fs;

Re;jpukhdtHfs;"" vd;whHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; ,e;j mwptpg;G kpFe;j cw;rhfj;Jld; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ckH (uyp)

mtHfspd; cjtpAld; ]/gh Fd;wpd; kPJ Vwpa ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> ,];yhj;jpid Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;

kf;fsplkpUe;J thf;FWjp ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. kf;fs; $l;lk; $l;lkhf ,];yhj;jpw;Fs;

Eioe;jhHfs;. ,];yhj;jpid Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; Mz;fspd; thpir Kbe;J Nghd gpd;> ckH (uyp) mtHfis

mioj;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ngz;fsplk; thf;FWjp thq;Fk; nghWg;ig md;dhhplk; toq;fpdhHfs;.

kf;fhtpy; tho;e;j midj;Jg; ngz;fSk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;

vd;W thf;FWjp toq;Ftjw;Fg; gjpyhf> ckH (uyp) mtHfsplk; thf;FWjp je;jhHfs;.

`{idd; kw;Wk; jhap/g; Aj;jk;

kf;fhtpd; ntw;wpf;Fg; gpwF> kf;fhtpid mLj;J tho;e;j Nfhj;jpuj;jtHfshd `th]pd; kw;Wk; ]hn[g;

MfpNahHfSf;F xd;W ,];yhj;ijj; NjHe;njLj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs; my;yJ Nghiu vjpHnfhs;Sq;fs; vd;w

Page 85: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,uz;L re;jHg;gq;fs; toq;fg;gl;ld. mtHfs; NghiuNa tpUk;gpdhHfs;> Nkw;fz;l ,uz;L Nfhj;jpuj;jtHfSld;

,d;Dk; rpy Nfhj;jpuj;jtHfs; ,ize;J nfz;L K];ypk;fSf;F vjpuhfj; jpuz;lhHfs;. ,e;jf; $l;Lg; gilf;F

NghHf; Fzk; gilj;jtuhd khypf; gpd; mt;/g; vd;gtH jiyik jhq;fpdhH.

vjphpfspd; Nehf;fj;ij mwpe;J nfhz;l ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> mtHfspd; Nehf;fj;ij Kwpabg;gjw;fhd

eltbf;iffspy; ,wq;fpdhHfs;. fp.gp.630 [dthp khjj;jpd; xU FspHehspy; kf;fhtpypUe;J K];ypk;fs; gilfs;

vjphpfisf; fsk; fhz ,wq;fpdhHfs;. ,e;jg; gilapy; 12 Mapuk; K];ypk; giltPuHfs; ,Ue;jNjhL> ,tHfs;

midtUk; KO MAjj;jhpg;gpy; ,Ue;jhHfs;. ,tHfspy; 10 Mapuk; NgH kf;fhtpd; ntw;wpapd; nghOJ

kjPdhtpypUe;j te;jtHfSk;> kPjp ,uz;lhapuk; NgHfs; kf;fhtpy; Gjpjhf ,];yhj;ijj; jOtpatHfSk; mlq;FtH.

K];ypk;fspd; gilfs; `{idd; vd;w gs;shj;jhf;F topahfg; gazpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ> K];ypk; tpy;

tpj;ij mzpaplk; fhzg;gl;l rpW ftd<dj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;l vjphpfs;> K];ypk;fspd; kPJ tpy; kio

nghopa Muk;gpj;jdH. ,e;jj; jpBj; jhf;Fjiy vjpHg;ghf;fhj K];ypk; gilapdH rw;W fytukila

Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. jhf;FjypypUe;j jg;gpj;Jf; nfhs;sj; jq;fisg; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;s mq;Fkpq;Fk; Xl

Muk;gpj;jJk;> mq;Nf rw;W Fog;gk; epytpaJ. xl;lfq;fSk;> FjpiufSk;> kdpjHfSk; jpirf;nfhUtuha; Xl

Muk;gpj;jpUe;jhHfs;.

mg;nghOJ ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,e;jf; Fog;gj;jpw;F ,lq;nfhlhky; mirahJ> cWjpahf epd;whHfs;.

mg;nghOJ mtHfisr; Rw;wpYk; xd;gJ NjhoHfs; epd;W nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;> mtHfspy; ckH (uyp) mtHfSk;

mlq;FthHfs;. Vida NjhoHfs; mq;fpUe;J Xl Muk;gpj;jpUe;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd;

cj;jutpd; Nghpy; mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ caHe;j Fuy; tsj;ijf; nfhz;L> Xbf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;

kf;fisg; ghHj;J> ''X.. K];ypk;fNs..! my;yh`;tpd; J}jhplj;jpNy thUq;fs;"" vd;W $tpdhHfs;.

,jidf; Nfl;l K];ypk; tPuHfs;> ,g;nghOJ ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisr; Rw;wpYk; FOk Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

K];ypk;fs; NghJkhd mstpy; $ba gpd;dH> vjphpfis Nehf;fpj; jhf;Fjy; njhLf;FkhW ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs; cj;jutpl;lhHfs;. mjid mLj;J NeUf;F NeH Aj;jk; njhlq;fpaJ> vjphpfs; NtuWf;fg;gl;lJld;>

mtHfs; jq;fs; ,Ug;gplkhd mt;jhi] Nehf;fp Xl Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

mg;nghOJ `{idd; Xiliag; ghJfhg;gjw;fhf xU ghJfhg;G tPuHfisf; nfhz;l muiz epakpj;jjd;

gpd;dH> Vida tPuHfis mt;jh]; Nehf;fpr; nry;YkhW cj;jutpl;lhHfs;. mt;jh]; vd;w ,lj;jpy; ele;j me;jg;

Nghhpy;> K];ypk;fis vjpHj;J epw;f ,ayhky; vjphpfs; Njhw;wdH. mtHfs; jq;fsJ $lhuq;fisf; fhyp nra;J

nfhz;L> jhap/g; efuj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W tpl;ldH.

mt;jh]; ypUe;J K];ypk;fs; jhapg;gpw;F mtHfis tpul;br; nrd;whHfs;. jhap/g; Nfhl;ilf;Fs; xope;J nfhz;l

mtHfs;> ntspNa tu kWj;jhHfs;. K];ypk;fs; ftd; fw;fisg; gad;gLj;jp Nfhl;ilf;Fs; vwpe;j nghOJk; ve;j

Kd;Ndw;wKk; fpilf;ftpy;iy. ,d;Dk; K];ypk;fs; nra;j rpy Aj;j je;jpuq;fSk; gydspf;ftpy;iy. ,uz;L

thuq;fshf Kw;Wif ePbj;jJ> Nfhl;il K];ypk;fspd; iftrk; tPo;e;jjhfj; njhpatpy;iy. mg;nghOJ

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ NjhoHfsplk; ,dp nra;a Ntz;ba eltbf;iffs; Fwpj;J fye;jhNyhrid

nra;j nghOJ> ckH (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;> Kw;Wifia tpyf;fpf; nfhs;Nthk;> me;jf; Nfhl;ilia ek;

iftrk; nfhz;L tUtjw;F ,iwtd; ekf;F ey;ynjhU topia Vw;gLj;Jthd; vd;W MNyhrid $wpdhHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfsJ MNyhrid Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. fp.gp.630 gpg;uthp khjj;jpy; Nfhl;ilapd; kPjhd

Kw;Wif iftplg;gl;lJ> ,d;Dk; K];ypk;fs; kf;fhtpw;Fj; jpUk;gpdhHfs;. rpy ehl;fs; fope;jJ> khypf; gpd;

mt;/g; vd;gtH mtuhfNt kf;fhtpw;F te;J ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;L K];ypkhdhH. ,jd; %yk;> ,iwtNd

mtHfisr; ruzila itj;jJ kl;Lky;yhJ> mtHfis ,];yhj;ijAk; Vw;f itj;jhd;.

jG+f; Aj;jk;

fp.gp.630 y; rphpahtpd; vy;iyNahuj;jpy; mike;j jG+f; vd;w gFjpf;F gilnaLj;Jr; nry;y Ntz;Lk; vd;W

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; tpUk;gpdhHfs;. me;jg; gilnaLg;Gf; Njitahd nghUshjhuq;fis ed;nfhilahfj;

jUk;gb jd;Dila NjhoHfSf;F miog;G tpLj;jhHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfsplk; mg;nghOJ NghJkhd msT nry;tk; ,Ue;jJ> ,d;Dk; ,e;j re;jHg;gj;jpyhtJ

my;yh`;tpd; topapy; nrytopg;gjpy; mG+gf;fH (uyp) mtHfis kpQ;rp tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W ckH (uyp) mtHfs;

KbntLj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

Page 86: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

tPl;bw;Fr; nrd;w ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> xU Fwpg;gpl;l msT nry;tj;Jld; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk;

te;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ> ckNu..! ePq;fs; cq;fSf;Fk; cq;fsJ FLk;gj;jhHfSf;Fk; vjid tpl;L

te;jpUf;fpd;wPHfs; vd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; Nfl;lhHfs;. mjw;F vd;dplk; cs;sjpy; ghjpia

my;yh`;tpd; topapy; nrytopg;gjw;fhfTk;> ,d;Dk; kPjpg; ghjpia vdf;Fk; vd;Dila FLk;gj;jtHfSf;fhfTk;

tpl;L te;jpUf;fpd;Nwd; vd;W $wpdhHfs;. mjidf; Nfl;l ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; re;Njh\g;gl;ltHfshf>

ckH (uyp) mtHfis tho;j;jpdhHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfis mLj;J te;j mG+gf;fH (uyp) mtHfSk;> fdprkhd msT njhifia ed;nfhilahff;

nfhz;L te;J ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; nfhLj;jHfs;. mg;nghOJ ckH (uyp) mtHfsplk; Nfl;l mNj

Nfs;tpia mG+gf;fH (uyp) mtHfsplk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; Nfl;l nghOJ> mG+gf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;

$wpdhHfs;> ''vd;dplk; cs;sNjh vJNth mit midj;ijAk; nfhz;L te;J tpl;Nld;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfNs..> vd;W $wpdhHfs;. ,d;Dk; ehd; my;yh`;itAk;> mtdJ J}jiuAk; jhd; vdf;fhfTk; vd;Dila

FLk;gj;jtHfSf;fhfTk; tpl;L te;jpUf;fpd;Nwd; vd;W $wp Kbj;jhHfs;.

mG+gf;fH (uyp) mtHfis tpl Ke;jp tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W vz;zpa ckH (uyp) mtHfSf;F Vkhw;wNk kpQ;rpaJ.

jG+f; Aj;jj;jpw;fhf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ NjhoHfis mioj;j nghOJ> md;iwa fhyr;

#o;epiyahdJ kpfTk; ntg;gkhf ,Ue;jJ. ,d;Dk; gapHfs; tpise;J mWtilf;Fj; jahuhfTk; ,Ue;jJ.

,d;Dk; rphpahtpd; vy;iyg; Gwj;jpw;Fg; gazk; nra;tJ vd;gJ kpfTk; ePz;ljhfTk; rpukkhdjhfTk; ,Ue;jJ.

mNefH ,e;j Aj;jj;jpw;Fr; nry;yhky; jq;fp tpLtijNa Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. jilfs; kw;Wk;

rpukq;fSf;F kj;jpapYk;> Kg;gJ Mapuk; tPuHfis ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,e;j NghH K];jPGf;Fj;

jahHgLj;jp tpl;lhHfs;.

ePz;l gazj;jpw;Fg; gpd; K];ypk; gilfs; jG+f;if khHr; khjj;jpd; XH ehspy; nrd;wile;jJ.

ig]he;jpag; gilfs; vJTk; K];ypk;fis vjpH nfhs;tjw;fhf mq;F te;J NrHe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. K];ypk;

gilfs; kpfTk; Kd;Ndwp te;J tpl;ljd; fhuzkhf> ig]he;jpag; gilfs; gpd;thq;fp> rphpahtpw;F cs;NsNa

Klq;fpf; nfhs;s Ntz;bajpUe;jJ. ve;jtpj NghH eltbf;iffSk; ,y;yhky; K];ypk;fs; jq;fs; Nehf;fj;jpy;

ntw;wp ngw;whHfs;.

xU Neuj;jpy; K];ypk;fspd; gpuNjrj;jpw;Fs; gil elj;jpr; nrd;W mtHfis mr;RWj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;W KbT

fl;bapUe;j ig]he;jpag; NguuRf;F> ,e;j jG+f; Aj;j K];jPG %ykhf> K];ypk;fspd; thl;fis vjpHnfhs;tJ

vd;gJ mt;tsT Rygkhd Ntiyay;y vd;gJ njspthf;fg;gl;lJ. ig]he;jpag; NguuRf;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;L tho;e;J

te;j rphpah vy;iyg; gFjp kf;fs; ,g;nghOJ> K];ypk;fsplk; xg;ge;jq;fs; nra;J nfhz;L K];ypk;fspd;

MjuthsHfshf khwpf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

jG+f;fpy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; xU ciuia Mw;wpdhHfs;. ,d;wsTk; me;j ciuahdJ tuyhw;wpy;

nghd;ndOj;Jf;fshy; nghwpf;fg;gl;L ghJfhf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; :

kf;fhtpd; ntw;wpf;Fg; gpd;..

tpthfuj;J gw;wp Cfq;fs;

kjPdhtpy; ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> kjPdhtpd; caukhd gFjp xd;wpy; trpj;J te;jhHfs;. ,tuJ mz;il

tPl;Lf;fhuuhf gD} cika;ah gpd; i]j; md;]hhp (uyp) vd;w egpj; NjhoH trpj;Jte;jhHfs;. ,e;j ,uz;L

mz;il tPl;Lf;fhuHfsJ xg;ge;jg;gb> xUehisf;F xUtH vd;w mbg;gilapy;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd;

r%fj;jpw;F xUtH khw;wp xUtH nrd;W md;iwa jpdj;jpy; ele;jitfs; gw;wp te;jtH tuhjtUf;Fr; nrhy;yp

tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W jPHkhdpj;J nray;gLj;jp te;jdH. ,e;j mbg;gilapy; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; xUehs;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; nry;thH> md;iwa jpdk; ele;jitfs; gw;wp gD} cika;ah (uyp) mtHfsplk;

te;J nrhy;thH. mNj Nghy gD} cika;ah (uyp) mtHfs; nrd;w md;iwf;F ele;jitfs; gw;wp ckH (uyp)

mtHfSf;Fr; nrhy;yp tpLthH.

kf;fhtpy; cs;s Mz;fs; ngz;fis kpifj;jpUe;jhHfs;> Mdhy; kjpdhtpNyh epiyik jiyfPohf ,Uf;fpd;wNj

vd;W ckH (uyp) mtHfs; xU rkak; fUjpdhHfs;. xUehs; ckH (uyp) mtHfSf;F mtuJ kidtpf;Fk; tha;j;

jHf;fk; Vw;gl;lJ> mg;nghOJ mikjpahf ,Ue;J tpl Ntz;ba epiyapy; ,Ue;j ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; kidtp>

Page 87: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

ePq;fs; vg;gb vd;dplk; Nfhgkhfg; Ngryhk; vd;W gjpYf;Fg; Ngrp tpl;lNjhL> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd;

kidtpkhHfs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; thf;Fthjk; nra;tijr; nrd;W ghUq;fs;> mg;nghOJ GhpAk;

cq;fSf;F vd;W $wp tpLfpd;whHfs;. ,d;iwa jpdk; mtuJ kidtpaHfspy; xUtH ,uT KOtJk; mthplk;

thf;Fthjk; nra;J nfhz;bUe;jhH vd;Wk; $wpdhH.

,jidf; Nfl;l ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; kidtpAk; jdJ kfSkhd md;id

`/g;]h (uyp) mtHfsplk; nrd;W> ePq;fs; VJk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; thf;Fthjk; VJk; nra;jPHfsh?

vd;W tpdTfpd;whHfs;. mjw;F md;id `/g;]h (uyp) mtHfs;> jhd; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk;

thf;Fthjk; nra;jjhff; $wpa nghOJ> ePq;fs; kpfg; nghpa e\;lthspahfp tpl;BHfNs..! vd;W ckH (uyp)

mtHfs; $wp tpl;L> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis Nehtpid nra;tJ my;yh`;tpd; Nfhgj;ijg; ngw;Wj; je;J

tplhjh vd;W Nfl;lhHfs;. jdJ kfis fLikahd Kiwapy; vr;rhpj;J tpl;L> tPL jpUk;gpdhHfs; ckH (uyp)

mtHfs;.

md;iwa jpdk; ,utpy;> mz;il tPl;Lf;fhuuhd md;]hhpj; NjhoH ckH (uyp) mtHfsJ tPl;Lf; fjtpidj;

jl;Lfpd;whHfs;> ckH (uyp) mtHfs; vOe;J vd;d tp\akhf ,Uf;Fk; vd;W mwpar; nrd;w nghOJ> mtuJ

ez;gH $wpdhH> kpfTk; ftiyg;glj;jf;f tp\ak; xd;W ele;J tpl;lJ vd;W $wpdhH.

mg;Nghija ehspy; gD} ft]hd; Nfhj;jpuj;jtHfs; kjPdhitj; jhf;Ftjw;Fj; jahuhfpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs;

vd;w nra;jp kjPdhtpy; gutp ,Ue;jJ. vdNt> xUNtis gD} ft]hd;fs; kjPdhitj; jhf;f te;J

nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfsh NjhoNu.. ..> vd;W jdJ Njhoiug; ghHj;J ckH (uyp) mtHfs; Nfl;l nghOJ>

''mjidAk; tpl kpfTk; ghuJ}ukhd epfor;rp xd;W ele;J tpl;lJ"" vd;W $wpdhH mtH. mg;nghOJ mtiug;

gpbj;J cYf;fp ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> vd;d ele;jJ tpiue;J nrhy;Yq;fs; vd;whHfs;. mg;nghOJ me;j

md;]hhpj; NjhoH> ',iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ kidtpaHfis tpthfuj;Jr; nra;J tpl;lhHfs;" vd;w

nra;jpiaj; jhd; Nfs;tpg;gl;ljhff; $wp tpLfpd;whH.

,e;jr; nra;jpiaf; Nfs;tpg;gl;l ckH (uyp) mtHfs; kpfTk; ftiyg;gl Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. md;iwa jpdk; ,uT

KOtJk; njhOifapNyNa fopj;jhHfs;. kWehs; mjpfhiyapy;> Neuhf md;id `/g;]h (uyp) mtHfsJ

,y;yj;jpw;Fr; nrd;whHfs;. mg;nghOJ> md;idatHfs; mOJ nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

cq;fis tpthfuj;Jr; nra;J tpl;lhHfsh? vd;W Nfl;lhHfs;. mjw;F> ,Jgw;wp vdf;F vJTk; njhpahJ vd

md;iatHfs; gjpyspj;jhHfs;.czHr;rp trg;gl;l ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> '',J gw;wp ehd; Kd;dNu cq;fis

vr;rhpf;ftpy;iyah> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis Nehtpid nra;jjd; %yk; ePq;fshfNt gpur;idia

tutioj;Jf; nfhz;BHfNs? vd;whHfs;. mjidf; Nfl;l md;idatHfspd; kdKile;J mo Muk;gpj;J

tpl;lhHfs;. mtHfis mOj epiyapNyNa tpl;L tpl;L> Neuhf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; mkHe;jpUe;j

gs;spf;Fr; nrd;whHfs;. mq;F egpj; NjhoHfs; gyH $l;lk; $l;lkhf mq;Fkpq;Fk; mkHe;J nfhz;Nl ,J

Fwpj;J jq;fSf;Fs; ftiyAld; Ngrpf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;.

mg;nghOJ> gs;spthrYld; xl;bf; fl;lg;gl;bUe;j jdJ miwapy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,Ue;jhHfs;.

me;j miwapy; thrYf;Fr; nrd;w ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> mq;F fhtYf;F epd;W nfhz;bUe;jthplk; jhd; cs;Ns

tu ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; mDkjp NfhUkhW Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;. cs;Ns nrd;W jpUk;gp te;j

me;jf; fhtyhsp jhq;fs; te;jpUg;gij njhptpj;Jk;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; gjpy; $whky; mikjpahf

,Ue;J tpl;lhHfs; vd;W gjpy; $wpdhH.

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; gs;spapd; Kf;fpag; gFjpf;Fj; jpUk;gp te;jhH> mq;F xU %iyapy; ftiy Njha;e;j kdJld;

mkHe;J nfhz;lhH. rw;W Neuq; fopj;J kPz;Lk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisf; fhzr; nrd;whHfs;. kPz;Lk;

me;j fhtyhspaplk; $wp jhd; cs;Ns tu mDkjp ngw;W tUkhW $wp mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. ,e;j KiwAk;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; gjpy; VJk; $wtpy;iy vd;W me;j fhtyhsp jpUk;gp te;J nrhd;dhH.

kPz;Lk; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; gs;spthrYf;Fs; jpUk;gp te;J mkHe;J nfhz;lhH. ,g;nghOJ kpfTk; kdKile;j

epiyapy; fhzg;gl;lhH> ,iwtd; jd; kPJ fUiz GhpAkhW gpuhHj;jpj;Jf; nfhz;lhH. kPz;Lk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfisf; fhz mtuJ miwf;Fr; nrd;whHfs;.,e;j Kiw cs;Ns tu mDkjp fpilj;jJ. miwf;Fs; cs;Ns

Eioe;j ckH (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; :

'',iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNs> vdJ kfs; `/g;]hTf;fhfg; ghpe;J Ngr ehd; ,q;F tutpy;iy.

Page 88: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,J jhd; cq;fSf;F tpUg;gk; vd;wpUe;jhy;> mtuJ fOj;ij vdJ iffshNyNa newpj;J tpLfpd;Nwd;.

,jidf; Nfl;l ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ ,jak; ,sfpaJ> ckH (uyp) mtHfisg; ghHj;J Gd;dif

G+j;jhHfs;.

kPz;Lk; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;> kf;fhtpy; ekJ ngz;fs; mikjpahf ,Ue;jhHfs;> kjPdhtpd; #o;epiy

mtHfis ,t;thW vjpHj;Jk; NgRk; epiyf;F Mshf;fp tpl;lJ vd;whHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNs..>

'',e;jf; fhuzj;jpw;fhf cq;fs; kidtpkhHfis ePq;fs; tpthfuj;Jr; nra;jpUg;gPHfs; vd;W nrhd;dhy;>

my;yh`;Tk;> mtdJ thdtHfSk;> ,d;Dk; cq;fsJ NjhoHfshfpa ehq;fs; cq;fSldpUf;fpd;Nwhk;""

vd;whHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfis Nehf;fp Gd;dif G+j;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> ''cz;ikahf> ehd; vdJ

kidtpkhHfis tpthfuj;Jr; nra;atpy;iy"" vd;W $wpdhHfs;. xUkhj fhyj;jpw;F mtHfsplkpUe;j ehd; gphpe;J

jdpj;jpUf;fNt tpUk;gpNdd; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

,jid ehd; `/g;]h (uyp) mtHfsplk; nrhy;yl;Lkh> vd;W Nfl;lhHfs; ckH (uyp) mtHfs;.

'ePq;fs; tpUk;gpdhy;> mt;thNw nrhy;yhk;" vd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)mtHfs; mDkjp toq;fpdhHfs;.

mtHfs; jq;fp ,Ue;j miwiar; rw;W Nehl;lkpl;l ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ntWk;

ghapy; jhd; mkHe;jpUe;jhHfs;. fl;by; Nghd;w vJTk; mq;fpy;iy. cz;gjw;F xU nuhl;bj; Jz;Ljtpu

Ntnwhd;Wk; mq;F ,y;iy. ,e;j mrhjuzkhf epiyiag; ghHj;j ckH (uyp) mtHfsJ fz;fspy; ,Ue;J

fz;zPH ngUf;nfLj;Njhl Muk;gpj;jJ.

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; mOtijg; ghHj;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)mtHfs;> ',g;D fj;jhNg ck;ik mo itj;jJ vJ?

vd;W Nfl;lhHfs;.

'ePq;fNsh my;yh`;tpd; J}jH> ve;j trjpfSkw;w mrhjuhz #o;epiyiaj; NjHT nra;J tho;e;J

nfhz;bUg;gij epidj;Jj; jhd; ehd; mOfpd;Nwd;. ghurPf kf;fSk;> ig]he;jpag; NguuRk; tskhd trjpahd

Mlk;gukhf tho;f;ifia thOfpd;whHfs;. ,t;thwpUf;ifapy;> cq;fs; kPJ mUs;tsq;fspd; thapy;fisj; jpwe;J

tpLkhW ePq;fs; Vd; ty;y u`;khdplj;jpy; ifNae;jpg; gpuhHj;jpj;Jf; Nfl;ff; $lhJ? vd;whHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; : vd;id J}juhf mDg;gp itj;jtd; vd;id nry;tq;fSf;Fr;

nrhe;jf;fhudkhf Mf;ftpy;iy vd;wh vz;Zfpd;wPHfs;. ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> ,e;j cyfj;jpd; mUs;tsq;fis

vdf;F mtd; thf;fspj;jhd;>Mdhy; mtw;iw ehd; kWj;J tpl;L kWcyfpd; mUs; tsq;fis mjw;F <lhfg;

ngw;Wf; nfhz;L tpl;Nld;. ,e;j mw;gkhd cyf tsq;fis tpl epr;rakhf kW cyf tsq;fisNa NjHT

nra;tjw;Fr; rpwe;jJ. ghurPfk; kw;Wk; ig]he;jpag; NguuRfspd; tsq;fisg; nghWj;jtiu> me;j tsq;fs; ahTk;

K];ypk;fspd; fhybapy; te;J tpOk; vd;W ,iwtd; thf;fspj;J tpl;lhd;. me;j Neuj;jpy; ehd; capNuhbUf;f

khl;Nld;> Mdhy; mJ cq;fSila tho;ehspy; epfOk;> ghurPfj;ijAk;> ig]he;jpag; NguuirAk; K];ypk;fs;

mg;nghOJ ntw;wp nfhs;thHfs; vd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;.

mg;Jy;yh ,g;D cig - d; mlf;f epfo;r;rp

mg;Jy;yh ,g;D cig kjPdhtpd; jiytdhf ,Ue;jhd;. ,d;Dk; kjPdhtpd; kzpKbia myq;fhpf;f Ntz;Lk;

vd;w MirAld; mtd; ,Ue;j fhyj;jpy; jhd;> kjPdhtpd; md;]hHfs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSld; kf;fhtpy;

mfgh vd;Dk; ,lj;jpy; xg;ge;jk; xd;iwr; nra;J> mtHfis kjPdhtpy; te;J jq;fp tpLkhW miog;G

tpLj;jhHfs;. me;j miog;gpid Vw;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kf;fhtpid tpl;L ntspNawp> `p[;uj; nra;J

kjPdhtpy; te;J jq;fp tuyhdhHfs;. jhd; Ml;rpahsuhf tutpUe;j epfo;T ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd;

tUifahy; nfl;L tpl;lij mwpe;J ntWg;gpw;Fs;shdhd; mg;Jy;yh ,g;D cig. kjPdhtpd; midj;J

Fyq;fSk; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;ljd; fhuzkhf> mg;Jy;yh ,g;D cigAk; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf;

nfhz;lhd;. ,];yhk; mtdJ kdjpy; kpfTk; mhpjhfNt FbNawpaJ> vdNt ,];yhj;jpw;F vjpuhd gy;NtW

nray;fspy; kiwKfhf <lglyhdhd;.

c`j; Nghhpd; nghOJ> NghH Muk;gpf;f ,Ue;j filrp Neuj;jpy; jdJ FOtpdiu NghH nra;a tplhky; jLj;J>

jdJ FOtpdUld; kjPdhtpw;Fj; jpUk;gp te;J tpl;lhd;. ,d;Dk; gdP K];jyf; Nghhpd; rkaj;jpy;> Nghhpd;

fye;J nfhz;l ,iwg; NghuhspfSf;F vjpuhfTk;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; kPJk; jfhj thHj;ijfisf;

$wpdhd;. ,d;Dk; Map\h (uyp) mtHfspd; kPJ fsq;fk; Rkj;jpa rk;gtj;jpy;> ,td; jhd; Kd;dzp tfpj;jhd;.

Page 89: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,e;j epiyapy; ,tidf; nfhy;tjw;F jdf;F mDkjp jUkhW ckH (uyp) mtHfs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

Nfl;lhHfs;> fUiz cUthd ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; mjw;F mDkjp ju kWj;J tpl;lhHfs;.

mg;Jy;yh ,g;D cigapd; eatQ;rfj;ij mwpe;jpUe;j ty;y my;yh`;Tk;> '',j;jifa eatQ;rfHfs; vOgJ

Kiw gpuhHj;jid nra;jhYk; mit Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl khl;lhJ"" vd;w trdj;ij ,wf;fp mUspdhd;.

mg;Jy;yh ,g;D cig ,we;j nghOJ> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)mtHfs; mtdJ mlf;f epfor;rpapy; fye;J nfhs;tJ

vd;W jPHkhdpj;jhHfs;> njhOifia Kd;dpd;W elj;jTk; jPHkhdpj;jhHfs;. ,e;j epiyapy;> ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;)mtHfspd; tUiff;fhf mq;F fhj;jpUe;j ckH (uyp) mtHfs; mtHfis top kwpj;J> mg;Jy;yh ,g;D

cig apd; mlf;f njhOifapy; fye;J nfhs;tijj; jtpHf;Fk;gb Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;. mg;Jy;yh ,g;D

cigapd; gy;NtW eatQ;rfr; nray;fis mg;nghOJ ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; Qhgfg;gLj;jpf; fhl;baNjhL>

',j;jifa eatQ;rfHfs; vOgJ jlit ghtkd;dpg;Gf; NfhhpdhYk; mtHfsJ ghtj;ij my;yh`;

kd;dpg;gjpy;iy" vd;W $wp tpl;lijAk; Qhfg;gLj;jpf; fhl;bdhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; :

ckNu> gpd;Df;F epy;Yq;fs;> vd;idj; njho itf;f tpLq;fs; vd;whHfs;. ,e;j tp\aj;jpy; vdJ nrhe;j

tpUg;gg;gb ele;J nfhs;Sk; ,iwtd; vdf;F mDkjp toq;fp ,Uf;fpd;whd;> vdNt ehd; ,e;j tp\aj;jpy;

,uf;fj;NjhL ele;J nfhs;s tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

mjd; gpd;G ckH (uyp) mtHfSk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; gpd; epd;W ,Wjp mlf;fj; njhOifapy; fye;J

nfhz;lhHfs;. ,d;Dk; mg;Jy;yh ,g;D cig apd; cly; mlf;fk; nra;ag;gLtij tiuf;Fk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs; mq;F epd;W nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. tPL jpUk;G Kd;ghf mq;F epd;W mg;Jy;yh ,g;D cigf;fhf

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; gpuhHj;jpj;J tpl;L> tPL jpUk;gpdhHfs;.

mjd; gpd; rpy ehl;fs; fopj;J gpd;tUk; ,iwtrdj;ij jdJ J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F my;yh`; ,wf;fp

mUspdhd; :

mtHfspy; ahuhtJ xUtH ,we;J tpl;lhy; mtUf;fhf ePH xUf;fhYk; ([dh]h) njhOif njhoNtz;lhk;;

,d;Dk; mtH fg;hpy; (gpuhHj;jidf;fhf) epw;f Ntz;lhk;; Vndd;why; epr;rakhf mtHfs; my;yh`;itAk;> mtd;

J}jiuAk; epuhfhpj;Jg; ghtfshfNt ,we;jhHfs;. (9:84)

,iwtd; mUspa ,e;j trdq;fis ckH(uyp) mtHfsplk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; njhptpj;j nghOJ>

,iwtd; jd;Dila thjj;jpy; epahakpUg;gij Rl;bf; fhl;L tpl;lhd; vd;W ckH (uyp) mtHfs; kpfTk;

re;Njhrg;gl;lhHfs;.

thdtH J}jH kdpj cUtpy; Njhd;wpa nghOJ

xUehs; ehDk;> ,d;Dk; Vida rpy NjhoHfSk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSld; mkHe;jpUe;Njhk;> mg;nghOJ

nts;is cil cLj;jpa fUfUntd;W tsHe;jpUe;j jiyKbiaf; nfhz;lnjhU kdpjH mq;F te;jhH.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; Kd;dq;ffhy;fNshL xl;b itj;jJ Nghd;W NeUf;F NeH ghHj;jgb jdJ ,U

fuq;fisAk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; njhilapd; kPJ itj;j tz;zk; mkHe;J> ''K`k;kNj..! ,];yhk;

vd;why; vd;d"" vd;W vdf;Ff; $Wq;fs; vd;W $wpdhH vd;W $wp tpl;L ele;j rk;gtj;ij ckH(uyp) mtHfs;

,t;thW tpthpf;fpd;whHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; gpd;tUkhW $WfpwhHfs; :

xUehs; ehq;fs; vy;NyhUk; ,iwj;J}jH K`k;kj; (]y;) mtHfSld; cl;fhHe;jpUe;Njhk;. mg;NghJ vq;fs;

Kd; xUtH te;J epd;whH. mtUila Milfs; kpifj;j ntSikAld; fhzg;gl;ld. mtUila jiyKb

kpifj;j fUik epwj;Jld; fhzg;gl;lJ. gazk; nra;jjw;fhd mwpFwpfs; vJTk; mthplk; fhzg;gltpy;iy.

vq;fspy; ahUf;Fk; mtiuj; njhpahJ. mtH ele;J nrd;W ngUkhdH (]y;) mtHfspd; Kd; mkHe;jhH. mtuJ

Koq;fhy;fis ngUkhdhH (]y;) mtHfspd; Koq;fhy;fSf;F vjpuhfTk; iffisf; fhy;fspd; kPJk; itj;J

mkHe;jhH. gpd;dH ngUkhdhH (]y;) mtHfis Nehf;fp 'K`k;kNj> ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp vdf;Fr; nrhy;Yq;fs;"

vd;whH. ngUkhdhH (]y;) mtHfs; ',];yhk; vd;gJ my;yh`;itj; jtpu NtW ,iwtd; ,y;iynad;Wk;>

K`k;kJ ,iwtdpd; J}jH vd;W rhl;rpak; $WtJ> njhOifia epiwNtw;WtJ. [fhj;2 nfhLg;gJ> ukyhd;

khjj;jpy; Nehd;G Nehw;gJ> cq;fshy; Kbe;jhy; `[; (,iwtd; ,y;yj;jpw;F Gdpjg; gazk; Nkw;nfhs;tJ)

Page 90: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

nra;tJ ,itfshFk; vd;whHfs;. ,jw;F mtH ePq;fs; rhpahfNt nrhd;dPHfs; vd;whH. ehq;fs; mtH mg;gb

tpdtpaJ Fwpj;Jk; m tNu cz;ikg;gLj;jpaJ Fwpj;Jk; Mr;rhpak; nfhz;Nlhk;. gpd;dutH <khd;3 Fwpj;J

vdf;Fr; nrhy;Yq;fs; vd;whH. ''mJ my;yh`;tpd; kPJk; mtdJ thdtHfs;> mtdJ Ntjq;fs;> mtdJ

J}jHfs;> ,Wjp ehs; kPJk; ek;gpf;if nfhs;tJk;> ey;yitfSk; jPaitfSk; my;yh`;tpd; ehl;lg;gbNa

elf;Fk; vd;W ek;GtJkhFk;"" vd;gjhf ngUkhdhH (]y;) mtHfs; gjpy; je;jhHfs;. ,ijf; Nfl;l mtH

ePq;fs; rhpahfNt NgrpdPHfs; vd;whH. njhlHe;J mtH ,`;]hd;4 (ey;y nray;fs;) gw;wp vdf;;Fr; nrhy;Yq;fs;

vd;whH.

''ePq;fs; my;yh`;it ghHf;fhj NghJk; mtid Nehpy; ghHj;J njhOtJ Nghy; njhOtjhFk;. ePq;fs; mtidg;

ghHf;fhj NghjpYk; mtd; nka;ahfNt cq;fisg; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;L jhd; ,Uf;fpd;whd;"" vdr; nrhd;dhHfs;.

gpd;dH mtH vdf;F me;j Neuk; (epahaj; jPHg;G ehs;) Fwpj;Jr; nrhy;Yq;fs; vd;whH. mjw;F ngUkhdhH (]y;)

mtHfs; ',e;jf; Nfs;tp Nfl;fg;gLgtH Nfl;gtiu tpl mjpfkhf mwpe;jtH my;yH" vd;whHfs;. (my;yh`; mij

mwpthd; vd;gJ fUj;J). gpd;dH mtH mjd; milahsq;fs; Fwpj;J vdf;Fr; nrhy;Yq;fs; vd;whH. ngUkhdhH

(]y;) mtHfs; nrhd;djhtJ> ''mbikg;ngz; jdJ v[khdpiag; ngw;nwLg;ghs;5. mg;NghJ fhyzpfspy;yhj>

Milfsw;w> Mjutw;w $l;lj;jpdH Mlk;gukhf fl;blq;fisf; fl;Ltjpy; Nghl;b Nghl;Lf; nfhz;bUg;gijg;

ghHg;gPHfs;. gpwF mtH Ngha; tpl;lhH. ehd; mq;NfNa jhkjpj;Njd;.

gpwF ngUkhdhH (]y;) mtHfs;> 'ckNu Nfs;tpfisf; Nfl;ltH ahnud;W cq;fSf;Fj; njhpAkh" vdf;

Nfl;lhHfs;. 'my;yh`;Tk; mtdJ J}jUNk ed;whf mwpthHfs;" vd;Nwd; ehd;. ngUkhdhH (]y;) mtHfs;>

mtH [pg;hPy; (miy) MthH. mtH cq;fSf;F cq;fs; khHf;fj;ijf; fw;Wj; jUtjw;fhf te;jhH"" vd;W

$wpdhHfs;. - K];ypk;

,Wjp `[;

fp.gp.632 k; Mz;L ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; `[;[{f; flikia epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhd jahhpg;Gfspy;

,wq;fpdhHfs;. mJNt mtHfsJ ,Wjp `[;[hfTk; mike;jJ. `[;[{f;fhd Vw;ghLfs; kpfg;

gpuk;khz;lkhfNt ele;jd. muGg; gpuNjrj;jpy; cs;s K];ypk;fs; midtUf;Fk; miog;Gf; nfhLf;fg;gl;L>

mtHfs; midtUk; kjpdh efUf;F te;J FOKkhW Ntz;LNfhs; nfhLf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. ,e;j miog;gpidf;

Nfs;tpg;gl;L> xU yl;rj;jpw;Fk; mjpfkhd K];ypk;fs; gy;NtW gFjpfspypUe;Jk; te;J kjPdhtpy; $bdhHfs;.

mjd; gpd;dH `[;[{f;fhf kf;fhit Nehf;fp ,e;j xU yl;rk; NgUk; gazg;gl;lhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs; ,e;jg; gazj;jpw;Fj; jiyik jhq;fpdhHfs;. mtHfsJ kidtpkhHfs; midtUk; xd;W NrHe;J

fpsk;gpdhHfs;. mtHfisj; njhlHe;J mGgf;fH (uyp)> ckH (uyp) mtHfSk;> mtHfsJ FLk;gj;jhHfSk;

fpsk;gpdhHfs;.

Jy; Fiy/ghtpy; itj;J `h[pfs; midtUk; ,`;uhk; vd;Dk; nts;Silaia mzpe;J nfhz;lhHfs;.

,`;uhk; mzpe;jpUf;Fk; epiyapy; cs;s midtUk; ''yg;igf;fy;yh`{k;k yg;igf;" vd;w Kof;fj;ij

Koq;FkhW ,iwj;J}jH(]y;) mtHfs; cj;jutpl;lhHfs;. ,e;j Kof;fj;ij mq;F FOkpapUe;J xU yl;rk;

NgUk; cuj;J xUkpj;j Fuypy; Koq;fpdhHfs;.

mjhtJ 19 ehl;fs; gazj;jpw;Fg; gpd;ghf> ,e;jg; gazf; FOtpdH kf;fhit Jy;`[; gpiw 4 te;jile;jdH.

Jy;`[; 8 k; ehsd;W `h[pfs; midtUk; kf;fhtpypUe;J ntspNawp md;iwa ,uit kpdhit fopj;jhHfs;.

mjw;F mLj;j ehs; mtHfs; mu/ghit Nehf;fpf; fpsk;gpdhHfs;. md;iwa jpdk; kjpa Y`H Ntisj;

njhOiff;Fg; gpd;dH> tuyhw;Wr; rpwg;Gkpf;fnjhU ciuia ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; epfo;j;jpdhHfs;.

,iwtidg; Nghw;wpg; Gfo;e;j gpd;dH> mz;zy; egp (]y;) mtHfs; etpd;whHfs;:

'mwpe;J nfhs;Sq;fs; mQ;Qhdf; fhy tof;fq;fs; midj;Jk; NtNuhL mopf;fg;gl;Ltpl;ld".

'XH mugpf;F> mugpay;yhjtiu tplNth> XH mugpay;yhjtUf;F XH mugpia tplNth ve;jr; rpwg;Gk; Nkd;ikAk;

,y;iy> ePq;fs; midtUk; Mjkpd; topj; Njhd;wy;fNs! MfNkh kz;zhy; gilf;fg;gl;ltuhthH"

'K];ypk;fs; xUtUf;nfhUtH rNfhjuHfs;"

'cq;fs; mbikfs; gw;wp kpfTk; vr;rhpf;ifahf ,Uq;fs;. (mjhtJ cq;fs; mbikfSf;Fhpa chpikfisg;

Ngz;f;fhg;gjpy; fz;Zq;fUj;Jkhf ,Uq;fs;). ePq;fs; cz;gijNa mtHfSf;F Cl;Lq;fs;> ePq;fs;

mzptijNa mtHfSf;Fk; mzptpAq;fs;."

Page 91: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

'mwpahikf; fhyj;jpd; ,uj;jg; gopfs; midj;Jk; uj;J nra;ag;gl;Ltpl;ld. ,dp gioa nfhiyf;Fg; gopthq;Fk;

chpik vtUf;Fk; ,y;iy. midtUf;Fk; Kjyhf ehd; vd; FLk;gj;jhhpd; ug+M gpd; `H]; cila kfDf;fhd

uj;jg; gopia uj;J nra;fpd;Nwd;. nrhy;yhnjd mwptpf;fpd;Nwd;".

'mwpahikf;fhy tl;bfs; midj;Jk; uj;J nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. (,dp vtUk; vthplKk; tl;b jUk;gb Nfhu chpik

,y;iy) midtUf;Fk; Kjyhf ehd; vd; FLk;gj;jhhpd; tl;bia mg;gh]; gpd; mg;Jy; Kj;jypgpw;Fhpj;jhd

tl;bia nry;yhjJ Mf;Ffpd;Nwd;."

'ngz;fs; tp\aj;jpy; ,iwtid mQ;Rq;fs;. ngz;fs; kPJ cq;fSf;Fk; cq;fs; kPJ ngz;fSf;Fk;

chpikAs;sJ."

',e;j ehSk; ,e;j khjKk; ,e;j efUk; fz;zpaj;jpw;Fhpadtha; tpsq;FtJ Nghd;Nw cq;fs; ,uj;jKk; cq;fs;

nry;tKk; ,Wjpj; jPHg;Gehs; tiu fz;zpaj;jpw;Fhpait. xUtUf;nfhUtH mjid kjpj;J fz;zpag;gLj;j

Ntz;Lk;".

'ehd; cq;fsplk; xU nghUis tpl;Lr; nry;fpd;Nwd;. ePq;fs; mjid tYthfg; gw;wpg; gbj;Jf; nfhz;lhy;

topgpwo;e;J Nghf khl;BHfs;. mJNt my;yh`;tpd; jpUkiwahFk;".

,jd; gpwF mz;zy; egp (]y;) mtHfs; \hPmj;jpd; mbg;gilr; rl;lq;fis vLj;Jiuj;jhHfs;. gpd;dH kf;fl;

jpuis Nehf;fp tpdtpdhHfs;:

'cq;fsplk; ,iwtd; vd;idg; gw;wp tprhhpj;jhy; vd;d nrhy;tPHfs;?".

'jhq;fs; ,iwtdpd; nra;jpia vLj;Jiuj;jJ tpl;BHfs;. cq;fs; flikia epiwNtw;wp tpl;BHfs;" vd;W

ehq;fs; nrhy;Nthk; vd;W egpj;NjhoHfs; $wpdhHfs;.

mz;zy; egp (]y;) mtHfs; thdj;ij Nehf;fp tpuiy caHj;jp %d;W Kiw ',iwth! ePAk; rhl;rpahf ,U!"

vd;W $wpdhHfs;. ,e;jr; re;jHg;gj;jpy; jhd; jpUf;FHMdpd; ,e;j trdk; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;lJ:

',d;W cq;fSf;fhf cq;fs; newpia epiwT gLj;jptpl;Nlhk;. ekJ mUis KOikahfg; nghope;J tpl;lNlhk;.

cq;fSf;fhf ,];yhj;ij tho;f;if newpahf mq;fPfhpj;Jf; nfhz;Nlhk;."

,e;j `[;[pd; NghJ mz;zy; egp (]y;) mtHfs; `[; vg;gbr; nra;a Ntz;Lnkd;W `[;[pd; topKiwfs;

midj;ijAk; jhNk epiwNtw;wpf; fhl;bdhHfs;. ,e;j re;jHg;gj;jpy;jhd; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mtHfs;

'vd;dplkpUe;J `[;[pd; rl;lq;fisf; fw;Wf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,jw;Fg; gpwF ,d;ndhU `[; nra;a vdf;F

tha;g;Gf; fpilf;Fkh? fpilf;fhjh vd;W ehd; mwpa khl;Nld;" vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

,Nj re;jHg;gj;jpy;jhd; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mtHfs; K];ypk;fsplk;> ',q;Nf ,Ug;gtHfs; midtUk; (,e;j

mwpTiufs; midj;ijAk;) ,q;fpy;yhjtHfSf;F vLj;Jiuf;fl;Lk;" vd;Wk; $wpdhHfs;.

,e;j ciuf;Fg; gpd;dH> ,iwtd; jdJ J}jUf;F fPo;f;fz;l trdj;ij ,wf;fpaUspdhd; :

,d;iwa jpdk; cq;fSf;fhf cq;fsJ khHf;fj;ij ehk; G+Hj;jpahf;fp tpl;Nlhk;> vkJ mUl;nfhiliaAk;

G+Hj;jpahf;fp tpl;Nlhk;>,d;Dk; cq;fSf;F ,irthd khHf;fkhf ,];yhj;ij ehk; NjHe;njLj;Jf; nfhz;Nlhk;""

vd;w nghUisf; nfhz;l trdk; ,wf;fpgaUsg;gl;lJ.

,e;j trdj;ijf; Nfs;tpg;gl;l ckH (uyp) ,iwtd; ek;Kila khHf;fj;ijg; G+Hj;jpahf;fp tpl;lhd; vd;W

re;Njh\g;gl;lhHfs;. Mdhy;> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfisg; ghHj;j ckH (uyp) mtHfSf;F mtH Nrhfkhf ,Ug;gJ

kpfTk; tpj;jpahrkhfg;gl;lJ.

ekf;F ,irthd khHf;fkhf ,];yhj;ijj; NjHT nra;J G+Hj;jp nra;J tpl;ljhf ,iwtNd mwptpj;jpUf;f

mGgf;fNu ePq;fs; Vd; Nrhfkakhf cl;fhHe;jpUf;fpd;wPHfs; vd;W Nfl;lhH ckH (uyp) mtHfs;. ,e;j trdj;jpy;

xU vr;rhpf;if nghjpe;jpUf;fpd;wJ> mJ jhd; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ve;jg; gzpf;fhf te;jhHfNsh me;jg;

gzp epiwT nra;Ak; fhyk; te;J tpl;lJ> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jkJ me;jpkf; fhyj;ij mz;kpj;Jf;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfNsh> ek;ik tpl;Lk; gphpe;J Nghf ,Uf;fpd;whHfNsh> vd;w mr;rk; jhd; vd;id Nkypl;Lf;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ek;NkhL kpf ePz;l ehl;fSf;F ,Uf;f khl;lhHfs; Nghyj;

Njhd;Wfpd;wJ vd;W jdJ mr;rj;ij ckH (uyp) mtHfSld; gfpHe;J nfhz;lhHfs;.

`h[pfs; md;iwa jpdk; khiyapy; mu/ghit tpl;Lk; fpsk;gp K];jypghtpw;F te;J NrHe;jhHfs;. mjw;F mLj;j

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ehs; jq;fsJ gypg; gpuhzpfSld; kpdhit mile;jhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; nkhj;jk; 63

gpuhzpfisg; gypapl;lhHfs;> mit xt;nthd;Wk; mtHfsJ tho;ehspy; Mz;L xd;Wf;F xd;W vd;w fzf;fpy;

,Ue;jJ. ckH (uyp) mtHfs; 52 gpuhzpfisg; gypapl;lhHfs;. mjid mLj;J Mz;fs; jq;fsJ jiy Kbia

kopj;Jf; nfhz;lJld;> `[; fphpiafs; ,dpNj epiwNtwpd. ,jid mLj;J ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSk;>

mtHfsJ NjhoHfSk; kjPdhtpw;Fj; jpUk;gp te;jhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,Wjpg; gazk;

NguUshsid Nehf;fp..!

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ '',Wjp `[;i["" epiwNtw;wp tpl;L kjPdhtpw;F te;jjd; gpd;dhs; RftPdk;

mile;jhHfs;. ifghpy; itj;J A+jg; ngz;kzp xUj;jp ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F mspj;j tpUe;jpy; fye;J

itj;j eQ;R jdJ Ntiyia Muk;gpj;J tpl;bUe;jJ. ,jid mLj;J ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jhd;

jd;Dila NguUshsidr; re;jpf;f Ntz;ba Neuk; neUq;fp tpl;lijAk;> jdJ J}Jj;Jtg; gzp epiwtile;J

nfhz;bUg;gJ Fwpj;Jk; mwpe;J nfhz;lhHfs;.

xUehs; ,uT Neuk;> jdpNa vOe;J c`j; Nghhpy; fye;J nfhz;L tPukuzk; mile;j jdJ NjhoHfs;

mlf;fk; nra;ag;gl;bUf;Fk; [d;dj;Jy; gf;fP vd;w kz;ziwf;Fr; nrd;whHfs;. mjd; gpd;dH> jdJ kidtpaUs;

xUtuhd md;id ik%dh (uyp) mtHfsJ ,y;yj;jpw;F te;J NrHe;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ fha;r;ry; cr;rj;Jf;F

VwpaJ. mg;nghOJ jdJ midj;J kidtpkhHfisAk; mioj;J> jdJ RftPdk; tYtile;J nrd;W

nfhz;bUf;fpd;w ,e;j epiyapy;> ,dp xt;nthUtiuAk; jdpahfj; jk;khy; re;jpf;f ,ayhJ vd;w epiyapid

tpsf;fpf; $wpdhHfs;. RftPdk; ePq;fp> epthuzk; milAk; tiuf;Fk; Map\h (uyp) mtHfsJ ,y;yj;jpNyNa

jq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;F ePq;fs; midtUk; mDkjp toq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nfhhpf;ifia mtHfsplk; tpLj;jhHfs;.

mtHfs; midtUk; jq;fsJ rk;kjj;ij clNd njhptpj;jhHfs;> myp (uyp) mtHfs; mtHfisj; jhq;fpg;

gpbj;jpUf;f mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis Map\h (uyp) mtHfsJ ,y;yj;jpw;F nfhz;L

nrd;whHfs;.

xUehs; fope;jJ> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; rw;W Fzkile;jJ Nghyj; njhpe;jTld;> Fspj;jhHfs;.

Gj;JzHT nfhz;ltHfshf md;iwa jpd kjpa Ntisj; njhOifia elj;Jtjw;fhf gs;spf;F te;jhHfs;.

me;jj; njhOif Kbe;jJk;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kpk;ghpy; Vwp mkHe;J nfhz;L kf;fSf;F ciuahw;w

Muk;gpj;jhHfs;:

my;yh`;.> jd;Dila mbahH xUtUf;F ,e;j cyf tho;f;ifiaAk;> jdf;F mUfhikapy; ,Uf;Fk;

tha;g;igAk; toq;fp ,uz;by; xd;iwj; NjHT nra;J nfhs;SkhW $wpdhd;> me;j mbahNuh mtidr; re;jpf;Fk;

ghf;fpaj;ijNa jdf;F tpUg;gkhdjhfj; NjHe;njLj;Jf; nfhz;lhH. cq;fsJ J}jH ,wg;igr;

re;jpf;ftpUf;fpd;whH vd;gJ Fwpj;J ePq;fs; mr;rkile;jpUg;gjhf ehd; mwpa tUfpd;Nwd;. ,jw;F Kd; tho;e;j

ve;jj; J}juhtJ kuzpf;fhky; ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;whHfsh? my;yJ cq;fspy; vtUNk kuzj;ijr; re;jpf;fkhy;

,Ue;jpUf;fpd;whHfsh? mwpe;J nfhs;Sq;fs;> ehd; vdJ ,iwtidr; re;jpf;f ,Uf;fpd;Nwd;. ePq;fSk; vdf;Fg;

gpd; tpiutpNyh my;yJ jhkjkhfNth tu ,Uf;fpd;wPHfs; vd;W ciuahw;wpdhHfs;.

,e;j ciuf;Fk; gpd; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ cw;w Jiztpahuhd Map\h (uyp) mtHfsJ

miwf;Fr; nrd;W tpl;lhHfs;. md;dhuJ cly; epiyapy; ve;jtpj Kd;Ndw;wKk; Vw;gltpy;iy. md;iwa

,uTf;Fg; gpd; mtHfsJ Nehapd; Ntjid mjpfhpj;jJ. ,iwtdplk; mUl;nfhilfis toq;FkhW gpuhHj;jpj;j

tz;zk; ,Ue;jhHfs;. kWehs; fhiyapy; mtHfSf;F rw;W MWjyhf ,Ue;jJ. jdJ miwapy; jpiur; rPiyia

tpyf;fpg; ghHj;j nghOJ> kf;fs; njhOJ nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. myp (uyp) mtHfs; ifj;jhq;fyhf mioj;J tu

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; gs;spf;Fs; Eioe;jhHfs;. njhOifia epiwNtw;wpa gpd;dH> kpk;ghpd; kPJ mkHe;J

nfhz;L jd;Dila NjhoHfisg; ghHj;J ciu epfo;j;j Muk;gpj;jhHfs; :

,iwtd; kPJ rj;jpakhf..! ,iwtd; vdf;F MFkhf;fpa xd;iwj; jtpu Ntnwhd;iw ehd; vdf;F MFkhf;fpf;

nfhs;stpy;iy> ,d;Dk; ,iwtd; jLj;jtw;iwj; jtpu Ntnwhd;iwAk; vdf;Fj; jLj;Jf; nfhs;stpy;iy.

,e;j ciuf;Fg; gpd;dH ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kPz;Lk; Map\h (uyp) mtHfsJ miwf;Fr; nrd;W

tpl;lhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; epiy Kd;igf; fhl;bYk; Nkhrkhfpf; nfhz;Nl te;jJ. ,Wjpapy;

mtHfs; ty;Nyhidr; re;jpf;fg; Gwg;gl;L tpl;lhHfs;. ,e;j cyif tpl;Lg; gphpe;jhHfs;.

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,iwek;gpf;ifahsHfs; midtUk; gs;spapy; xd;W $bdhHfs;. mq;nfhd;Wk; ,q;nfhd;Wkhf FOf;fs;

FOf;fshf mkHe;jpUe;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; mq;Nf xU ,Wf;fkhd #o;epiy epytpaJ. fhNjhL fhjhf fpRfpRj;j

Fuypy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,we;J tpl;lhHfs; vd;W jq;fSf;Fs; $wpf; nfhz;lhHfs;> gyH mOJ

nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ek; kj;jpapy; ,y;iynad;why; ,dp ,e;j K];ypk; ck;kj;jpd;

epiy vd;dthFk; vd;gJ Fwpj;j mr;rj;ij mtHfs; ntspg;gLj;jpatHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;.

midtuJ fz;fSk; Map\h (uyp) mtHfspd; miwia Nehf;fpNa ,Ue;jJ. me;j miw ,d;Dk; rw;W Neuj;jpy;

jpwe;J tpLk;..> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ xsp nghUe;jpa tjidf; nfhz;L te;J ek; Kd; fhl;rp

je;J tpLthH vd;Nw mtHfs; vz;zpf; nfhs;syhapdH.

mg;nghOJ me;j gFjpf;F te;j ckH (uyp) mtHfs; kf;fs; kj;jpapy; cyhj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;jtHfshf>

'',iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,we;J tpl;;lhHfs; vd;W ahH nrhd;dJ..> mtuJ Fuypy; fLik njhpe;jJ. ehd;

rj;jpakpl;Lr; nrhy;fpNwd; mtHfs; capNuhL jhd; ,Uf;fpd;whHfs;> %]h (miy) mtHfs; Nghy jdJ

,iwtidr; re;jpf;fr; nrd;Ws;shHfs;> rpwpJ fhyk; fopj;J mtHfs; kPz;Lk; tUthHfs;"" vd;W Koq;fpdhHfs;.

Map\h (uyp) mtHfsJ miw ,g;nghOJ jpwe;J nfhz;lJ. Nrhig ,oe;jtuhf xU kdpjH mq;fpUe;J

ntspg;gl;lhH. mtuJ fz;fs; rpte;jpUe;jd> Nrhfj;jhy; mit fz;zPiur; nrhwpe;J nfhz;bUe;jd. mtH jhd;

mGgf;fH (uyp)..> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; cw;w NjhoH. Fifapy; ,Ue;j ,d;ndhUtH. kf;fSf;F

kj;jpapy; Nrhfkhd Fuypy; ciu epfo;j;j Muk;gpj;jhHfs; :

mthplkpUe;J thHj;ijfs; mse;J mse;J te;jd. vd;dUik kf;fNs..! vdJ ciuiar; nrtpLj;Jf;

nfhs;Sq;fs;..!

mwpe;Jnfhs;Sq;fs;> ''cq;fspy; ahH K`k;kij tzq;fpdPHfNsh> mtH Vida kdpjHfisg; NghyNt ,we;J

Nghff; $batuhf ,Uf;fpd;whH. Mdhy; cq;fspy; ahH K`k;kjpDila ,iwtid tzq;fpdPHfNsh me;j

,iwtd; jhd; vd;nwd;Wk; capH thof; $batd; kw;Wk; vd;nwd;Wk; epiyj;jpUg;gtd;.""

me;j nebanjhU $l;lj;jpy; kpfg; ngUk; eprg;jk; epytpaJ. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; kuzr; nra;jpiaf;

Nfl;l midtUk; epiyFiye;jtHfshf mjpHr;rpapy; ciwe;J Ngha;f; fple;jhHfs;. jdJ fz;zpy; ,Ue;J

tope;J nfhz;bUe;j fz;zPiuj; Jilj;Jg; Nghl;ltuhf mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; fPo;f;fz;l trdj;ij Xjpf;

fhl;l Muk;gpj;jhHfs; :

K`k;kJ(]y;) (,iwtdpd;) J}jNu md;wp(NtW) my;yH; mtUf;F Kd;dUk; (my;yh`;tpd;) J}jHfs; gyH

(fhyk;) nrd;Wtpl;lhHfs;; mtH ,we;J tpl;lhy; my;yJ nfhy;yg;gl;lhy;; ePq;fs; cq;fs; Fjpfhy;fspd; Nky;

(Gwq;fhl;bj;) jpUk;gp tpLtPHfsh? mg;gb vtNuDk; jk; Fjpfhy;fs;Nky; (Gwq;fhl;b) jpUk;gp tpLthuhdhy; mtH

my;yh`;Tf;F vt;tpjj; jPq;Fk; nra;Jtpl KbahJ. md;wpAk;> my;yh`; ed;wpAilNahUf;F mjprPf;fpuj;jpy;

ew;$ypia toq;Fthd;.

vd;W mG+gf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; me;j $l;lj;jpdhpilNa Xjpf; fhl;bdhHfs;. K`k;kJ k; $l kuzpf;ff;

$batNu..! mtH my;yh`;tplkpUe;Nj te;jhH> mtdplNk jpUk;gpr; nrd;W tpl;lhH vd;W $wp jdJ ciuia

epiwT nra;jhH.

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ me;j ciu mq;fpUe;NjhhpilNa kpd;rhuj;ijg; gha;r;rpaJ Nghd;wnjhU czHit

Vw;gLj;jpaJ. ,g;gbnahU trdk; ,iwkiwahk; jpUf;FHMdpy; ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;gij ehq;fs; mg;nghOJ jhd;

mG+gf;fH (uyp) mtHfspd; thapypUe;J nrtpkLj;J mwpe;J nfhz;Nlhk;. ckH (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; :

,iwtd; kPJ rj;jpakhf..> mG+gf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; Xjpf;fhl;ba me;j trdj;ijr; nrtpkLj;j gpd;G> vdJ

czHTfs; vd;id tpl;Lk; mfd;W tpl;ld> vdJ ghjq;fs; epiy nfhs;stpy;iy> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

kuzkile;J tpl;lhHfNs vd;gij mwpe;jTld; epidtw;w epiyapy; ehd; fPNo tpOe;j tpl;Nld; vd;W

$wpdhHfs;.

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; fyp/ghthfj; NjHe;njLf;fg;gLjy;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; cly; ey;ylf;fj;jpw;fhfj; jahH nra;ag;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ> ]fp/gh gdP

]/jh vd;w jq;fsJ xd;W $Lk; ,lj;jpy; md;]hHfs; xd;W $b> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;Fg; gpd;

ek;Kila jiytuhf ahiuj; NjHe;njLg;gJ vd;w fye;jhNyhridapy; <Lgl;lhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

Page 94: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

mtHfNs ,Wjpj; J}juhthHfs;> mtUf;Fg; gpd; ahUk; J}juhf tu KbahJ. ,d;Dk; mtH jiytuhfTk;

,Ue;jhHfs;> mtuJ kiwTf;Fg; gpd;dH mtuJ jiyikg; gjtpia ,d;ndhUtH ,l;L epug;gpahf Ntz;Lk;

vd;gNj mtHfsJ Mtyhf ,Ue;jJ.

mg;nghOJ mq;Nf $bapUe;jtHfspy; xUtuhd ]mj; ,g;D cghjh (uyp) mtHfs;> K];ypk; ck;kj;jpd;

midj;Jj; JiwfisAk; epHtfpf;fpd;w nghWg;G - jiyikg; gjtpf;F md;]hHfspy; ,Ue;J xUtH jhd; tu

Ntz;Lk; vd;W $wpdhH. mtH jdJ fUj;Jf;F Mjuthf> md;]hHfs; jhd; ,];yhj;jpidg; ghJfhf;Fk;

nghWg;ig Vw;Wf; nfhz;ltHfs;> ,d;Dk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F milf;fyk; nfhLj;jtHfs;> ,d;Dk;

mtHfsJ cwTfNs mtHfisf; nfhiy nra;a Kw;gl;l Neuj;jpy; md;]hHfs; jhd; mtHfSf;Fg; ghJfhg;Gk;

toq;fpdhHfs;. ,d;Dk; md;]hHfspd; fLikahd Kaw;rpapd; fhuzkhf ,];yhk; ehyh gf;fKk; gutpaJ> Ml;rpg;

nghWg;gpw;Fk; te;jJ. mtH ciu epfo;j;jp Kbj;jTld;> mtuJ ciuf;F ey;ynjhU tuNtw;G ,Ue;jJ> me;j

tuNtw;igg; ghHj;jhy; ,dp ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;Fg; gpd;dH ]mj; gpd; cghjh (uyp) mtHfisj; jhd;

md;]hHfs; jiytuhfj; NjHe;njLf;fg; Nghfpd;whHfs; vd;W A+fpf;f Ntz;ba epiy te;jJ.

mq;F xUGwk; $l;lk; ele;J nfhz;bUf;f ,d;ndhU Gwk; K`h[phPd;fs; k];[pj;Je; egtpapy; $b ,Ue;jhHfs;>

mg;nghOJ mq;F te;j xUtH md;]hHfs; ]fp/gh gdP ]mjh tpy; $b ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;Fg;

gpd;dH ahiuj; jiytuhfj; NjHe;njLg;gJ vd;w MNyhridapy; ,Uf;fpd;whHfs; vd;W $wpdhH. ,d;Dk; ,J

kpfTk; fLikahd rpf;fyhd jUzkhfTk; ,Ue;jJ. ,g;nghOJ egpj;NjhoHfSf;fpilNa ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfspd; ey;ylf;fg; gzpiaf; ftdpg;gjw;F Kd;Dhpik toq;f Ntz;ba epiyapy; ,Ue;jhHfs;> Mdhy; ,e;j

epiyapy; ahiuj; jiytuhfj; NjHe;njLg;gJ vd;w gpur;idapy; K];ypk;fs; jPtpukhf <Lgl;L tpl;lhHfs; vd;W

nrhd;dhy;> mjpy; vLf;fg;gLk; ve;j xU jtwhd KbTk; KO K];ypk; ck;kj;ijAk; kPl;f ,ayhjnjhU

gpur;idapy; khl;l itj;J tpLk;> vjpHfhyk; kPz;Lk; [h`pypa;af; fhyj;Jf;Fr; nrd;W tpLk;. ,Ug;gpDk;

epiyikia czHe;j ckH (uyp) mtHfs; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSf;F Kd;Ng gdP ]mjh Tf;Fr; nrd;w

NghjpYk;> mtHfs; nrd;wile;j Neuk; kpfTk; jhkjkhdjhf ,Ue;jJ.

mGgf;fH (uyp)> ckH (uyp)> mG+ cigjh (uyp) MfpNahHfs; md;]hHfs; $bapUe;j gdP ]mjhTf;F te;j

nghOJ> md;]hHfs; Vwf;Fiwa ]mj; gpd; cghjh (uyp) mtHfis ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;Fg; gpd;

cs;s Ml;rpj;jiytuhfj; NjHT nra;J tplf; $ba epiyf;F te;J tpl;lhHfs;. mtuJ ngaiu mwptpg;gJ xd;Nw

,Wjpahf ,Ue;jJ. mg;nghOJ> mtHfspilNa ciu epfo;j;j Muk;gpj;j mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;> Fiw\pfs;

kf;fhtpd; ghJfhtyHfshf cs;shHfs;> vdNt ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;Fg; gpd; tuf; $ba Ml;rpahsH

Fiw\pfspy; ,Ue;J jhd; tu Ntz;Lk; vd;W $wpdhH. ,d;Dk; md;]hHfis Kd;Ndhf;fpatHfshf $wpdhHfs;

:

X vd;dUik md;]hhpj; NjhoHfNs> cq;fsJ Kd;Dhpikia ahUk; kWj;J tpl KbahJ> my;yJ ,];yhj;jpw;F

ePq;fs; nra;j NritiaAk; ahUk; epuhfhpj;J tpl KbahJ. my;yh`;Nt jdJ khHf;fj;jpw;Fk;> ,d;Dk; jdJ

J}jUf;Fk; cjtpahsHfshf cq;fisj; NjHT nra;Js;shd;. ,iwj;J}jH(]y;) mtHfisAk; kf;fhtpypUe;J

fpsg;gp cq;fsplk; tu itj;jpUf;fpd;whd;> ,d;Dk; mtuJ NjhoHfspYk;> mtuJ kidtpaHfspYk; ePq;fNs

Kd;dzpapy; ,Uf;fpd;wPHfs;. ,Ug;gpDk;> me;j Kd;dzpj; NjhoHfSf;F mLj;Jj; jhd; cq;fsJ jFjp epiy

cs;sJ. vdNt> Ml;rpj; jiytH nghWg;ghdJ Fiw\pfSf;Fr; nry;tNj epahakhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;. cq;fsJ

epiyapy; cWjpiaf; filgpbf;fhJ> rw;W jsHNthL tpl;Lf; nfhLj;J nray;gLq;fs;> ve;j tp\aj;jpYk;

cq;fisf; fye;jhNyhrpf;fhJ ehq;fs; nray;gl khl;Nlhk; vd;Wk; $wpdhHfs;.

Mdhy;> ,e;j ciu md;]hHfisj; jpUg;jpg;Lj;jtpy;iy. `ghg; gpd; kd;jH (uyp) vd;w md;]hhpj; NjhoH

vOe;J> jiyikj;Jtk; md;]hHfisr; rhHe;jJ> mjid ehq;fs; tpl;Lf; nfhLf;f khl;Nlhk; vd;W $wpdhH.

,Wjpahf> ,g;gb Ntz;Lkhdhy; xd;W nra;J nfhs;syhk;> vq;fspy; xUtUk;> cq;fspy; xUtUk; jiytuhf

,Ue;J nfhs;syhk; vd;whHfs;.

,t;thW ,uz;L jiytHfs; ,Ug;gJ ekf;Fs; gphptpidia cz;L gz;zp tpLk;> ,d;Dk; ,J ,];yhj;jpw;F

cfe;jJkd;W vd;W ckH (uyp) mtHfs; fUj;Jf; $wpdhHfs;. ,];yhk; XhpiwiaAk;> xU egpiaAk;> xU

kiwiaANk mbj;jskhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,e;j mbg;gilapy; K];ypk; ck;kj;jhdJ xU jiyikapd; fPo;

xd;Wgl;L ,aq;FtJ jhd; rpwe;jJ vd;W $wpdhHfs;. K`h[pHfspy; ,Ue;J xU jiytiuAk;>

md;]hHfspypUe;J xU jiytiuAk; NjHe;njLj;Jf; nfhs;tJ vd;w KbTf;F ehk; te;Njhkhdhy;> gpw;fhyj;jpy;

Page 95: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

xt;nthU Fyj;jpypUe;Jk; xUtiuj; jiytuhfj; NjHe;njLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; $l gpur;id vo

tha;g;gpUf;fpd;wJ. ,t;thwhd gy jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; fPo; nray;gl Muk;gpj;Njhkhdhy;> ,];yhk; mopTg;

ghijia Nehf;fpj; jhd; nry;Yk; epiy Vw;gl;L tpLk;. ,];yhj;jpd; ed;ikiaf; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L ehk;

nray;gLNthkhdhy;> ek;kpy; xNu xU jiytH kl;LNk ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;> me;j jiytUk; $l Fiw\pf;

Fyj;jpypUe;J jhd; NjHT nra;a Ntz;Lk;> Vnddpy; mJNt ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; FyKkhFk; vd;W

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfSf;Fk;> `ghg; (uyp) mtHfSf;Fk; ,ilNa #lhd thf;Fthjq;fs; eilngw;w jd; gpd;dH>

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; kPz;Lk; Ngr Muk;gpj;jhHfs; :

jiyikj;Jtj;jpw;F ehq;fs; Fiw\pfspy; xUtiu Kd;dpWj;JtJ vd;gJ vq;fsJ Raeyj;jpw;fhf my;y.

,];yhj;jpd; xUikg;ghl;ilf; fUjpNa ,e;j KbTf;F te;Js;Nshk;. vq;fsJ Nehf;fk; J}a;ikahdJ vd;gij

cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf> nfhy;iyg; Gwkhf te;J jiyikg; gjtpia mgfhpg;gjw;F ehd; jpl;lkpl khl;Nld; vd;W

cWjp $wpf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. ,q;Nf cq;fs; Kd; ckUk;> mG+ cigjhTk; epw;fpd;whHfs;. ,tHfspy; xUtiu

ePq;fs; NjHT nra;Aq;fs; vd;W Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

,J md;]hHfspilNa kpfg; ngUk; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ. i]j; gpd; jhgpj; (uyp) vd;w Kd;dzp md;]hhpj;

NjhoH vOe;J>

cz;ikapy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; K`h[pHfspy; xUtuhf ,Uf;fpd;w fhuzj;jpdhy;> jiytiuAk;

mtHfspypUe;Nj NjHT nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ,iwtd; ek;ik cjtpahsHfshfj; jhd; NjHT nra;Js;shd;> ,d;Dk;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;Fg; gpd;dUk; cjtpahsHfshfNt> vt;thW ehk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F

cjtpNdhNkh mJNghyNt cjtpahsHfshfNt ,Ug;Nghk; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

mtuJ fUj;ij MNkhjpf;Fk; tifapy; ,d;ndhU md;]hhpj; Njhouhd g\PH gpd; ]mj; (uyp) mtHfs;

$wpdhHfs; : vd;dUik md;]hHfNs..! ,iwepuhfhpg;ghsHfis vjpHj;J ehk; NghH Ghpe;Njhk;> khHf;f

tpfhuq;fspy; Kd;dzpapy; ,Ue;Njhk; vd;gjid ,l;L ek;Kila jFjpia Kd;dpWj;JNthkhdhy;> ,J

my;yh`;tpd; jpUg;nghUjj;jpw;fhf ehk; mj;jifa jpahfj;jpy; <Lgl;Nlhk; vd;w Nehf;fj;jpw;F vjpuhdJ> ,d;Dk;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F fl;Lg;gl;L ele;Njhk; vd;gjw;Fk; KuzhdJ. ekJ jpahfj;ij Raey

Nehf;fq;fis mile;J nfhs;tjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jyhfhJ. ekf;Ff; fpilf;f Ntz;ba $yp my;yh`;tpdlj;jpy;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;Nthk;. xd;iw ehk; Ghpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; Fiw\pfspy; ,Ue;Nj

te;jhHfs;> vdNt jiyikj;Jtj;jpw;fhd chpik NfhUtjpy; mtHfSf;Nf Kd;Dhpik ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;W $wp

tpl;L> ,e;j tp\aj;jpy; ehk; jHf;fk; nra;tJ ey;yjy;y vd;W $wp ciuia Kbj;jhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ md;]hHfspd; fUj;ij mwptjw;fhf midtUila vjpHghHg;Gk; md;]hHfis Nehf;fpNa ,Ue;jJ>

md;]hHfs; ,g;nghOJ Fiw\pfspy; ,Ue;J xUtiuj; NjHT nra;Ak; kdepiyf;Nf te;J tpl;ltHfs; Nghy

nksdkhf ,Ue;jhHfs;. gpd;dUk; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; mq;F $bapUe;jtHfspilNa> cq;fSf;F Kd;

ckUk;> mG+ cigjh Tk; epw;fpd;whHfs;> ,tHfspy; xUtiu ePq;fs; NjHT nra;Aq;fs; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

vOe;j epd;w ckH (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; ..>

X.. mGgf;fH..! cq;fis tpl ehNdh my;yJ mG+ cigjhNth ve;j tifapy; rpwe;jtHfs;..!

Fifapy; ,uz;lhtJ kdpjH ePq;fs;. `[;[pw;fhd gazf; FOtpw;F jiytuhf epakpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wPHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; RftPdk; mile;j nghOJ cq;fis njhOiff;fhd ,khkhf Kd;dpWj;jpdhHfs;.

vq;fs; midtiuAk; tpl ePq;fs; jhd; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F kpfTk; neUq;fp cw;w Njhouhf

,Ue;jPHfs;> vdNt ePq;fs; jhd; vq;fsJ kpf tpUg;gj;jpw;Fhpa egH vd;W $wp tpl;L> cq;fsJ iffis

ePl;Lq;fs;> ehq;fs; cq;fis vq;fsJ jiytuhfj; NjHT nra;J tpl;Nlhk; vd;gjid cWjpg;gLj;j rj;jpag;

gpukhzk; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;W czHr;rp nghq;ff; $wpdhHfs;.

mGgf;fH mtHfNs k;.. vOe;jpUq;fs; vd;W $wp> mtuJ fuq;fis Kjd; Kjyhfg; gw;wpg; gpbj;J>

Ml;rpj;jiytuhfj; NjHT nra;jpUg;gjid cWjpg;gLj;JKfkhf ckH (uyp) mtHfs; Kjd; Kjyhf

rj;jpag;gpukhzk;; nra;J> mjid Muk;gpj;J itj;jhHfs;. mjd; gpd;dH ]mj; gpd; cghjh (uyp) mtHfisj;

jtpu midj;J md;]hHfSk; te;J rj;jpag;gpukhzk; nra;J nfhz;lhHfs;.

Kjy; fyp/gh mGgf;fH (uyp)

Page 96: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis ey;ylf;fk; nra;j kWehs;> egpj;NjhoHfs; midtUk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfsJ gs;spapy; xd;W $bdhHfs;.

mg;nghOJ mq;F ckH (uyp) mtHfs; ,t;thW ciuahw;wpdhHfs; :

,iwek;gpf;ifahsHfNs..! ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,we;J tpl;lhH vd;W ahH nrhd;dJ vd;W ehd;

cq;fsplk; $wpNdd;> ehd; nrhd;dJ rhpahdjd;W> mJ Fwpj;J ehd; mr;rg;gLfpd;Nwd;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs; ,wf;fhky; ek;kpilNa tho;e;J tuf; $batH vd;jgjw;fhd ve;j MjhuKk; jpUkiwf; FHMdpy;

,y;iy. ,d;Dk; mtHfSk; $l jhd; kuzpf;fhJ vg;nghOJk; tho;e;J nfhz;bUf;ff; $batd; vd;W ek;kplk;

$wTk; ,y;iy. Mdhy;> mtH ek;kpilNa vg;nghOJk; tho;e;J ekf;F topfhl;bf; nfhz;bUg;ghHfs; vd;Nw ehd;

fUjpNdd;. Mdhy; ehd; epidj;jJ jtwhdJ. ,iwkiw $l ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kuzpf;ff;

$batHfNs vd;W jhd; $Wfpd;wJ. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,iwtdplkpUe;Nj te;jhHfs;> mtdplNk

jpUk;gr; nrd;W tpl;lhHfs;. mtH kPJ nghWg;Gr; Rkj;jg;gl;l gzpia epiwT nra;jtHfshf ,iwtdplk; kPz;L

tpl;lhHfs;. ,iwtd; ek;Kila khHf;fj;ijg; G+uzg;gLj;jp tpl;lhd;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; %ykhf mtd;

ekf;F Ntjj;ij toq;fp ,Uf;fpd;whd;> ,d;Dk; mjd; topahf my;yh`; ,iwek;gpf;ifahsHfis top

elj;Jthd;. ek;Kila gzp vd;dntd;why;> ek;Kd; ,Uf;fpd;w ,e;j ,iwkiwf; FHMidg; gw;wpg; gpbj;J

tho;tJ jhd;. ehk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis ,oe;J tpl;Nlhk;. Mdhy;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNsh xU

nra;jpia mwptpf;Fk; J}juhfNt te;jhHfs;. mtHfs; nfhz;L te;j nra;jpia ek;kpilNa mwptpj;jhHfs;>

mtHfSf;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gl;l gzp epiwNtwpajd; gpd;dH jd;Dila v[khdid Nehf;fpr; nrd;W tpl;lhHfs;.

mtHfs; nfhz;L te;j nra;jpahd Ntjk; - jpUkiwf; FHMd; ek;kpilNa ,Uf;fpd;wJ. my;yh`;it jd;Dila

ug;ghf Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;stHfs; mwpe;J nfhs;sl;Lk;> mtNd kuzk; vd;gNj mZfhj ePbj;J tho;gtd;> kuzk;

vd;gNj mtDf;Ff; fpilahJ. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNsh kuzj;ijr; re;jpf;ff; $ba kdpjuhfNt

tho;e;jhHfs;> jd;Dila v[khdid Nehf;fpr; nrd;Wk; tpl;;lhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; topj;jlj;ij

ehk; gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;> mtHfsJ G+j clyd;wp mtHfsJ topfhl;liyf; nfhz;L ek;Kila tho;f;ifiar;

nrk;ikahf;fpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,g;nghOJ mtHfs; capNuhL ,y;yhj epiyapy;> mtHfs; tpl;Lr; nrd;w

jiyikj;Jtg; gzpia epiwNtw;wp ekf;F topfhl;Ltjw;F xU jiyik Njit. ,e;j tifapy; mG+gf;fiu tplr;

rpwe;jtH ek;kpy; ahH ,Uf;fpd;whH> mtNu ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; tho;ehs; KOtJk; cld; te;j ez;gH>

me;jf; Fifapy; jQ;rkile;j ,Uthpy; xUtuhf my;yh`; mtiuNa NjHe;njLj;jhd;.

,iwek;gpf;ifahsHfNs..! vq;Nf vOe;jpUq;fs;..! mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSf;Nf ePq;fs; rj;jpg;gpukhzk;

nra;Aq;fs; vd;W Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd; vd;whHfs;.

jdJ ciuia epiwT nra;j gpd;dH> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfis vOe;jpUf;fr; nra;J kpk;ghpy; Vwp mkUk;gbf;

$wpdhHfs;. mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSk; kpk;ghpd; kPJ Vwp mkHe;jhHfs;> mJTk; ,iwj;J}jH(]y;) mtHfs;

tof;fkhf mkUk; gbia tpl;Lk; xU gb fPohf ,wq;fp mkHe;J nfhz;lhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ mq;fpUe;j midtUk;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; rj;jpag; gpukhzk; nra;J nfhz;lhHfs;.

,jid mLj;J ciu epfo;j;j Muk;gpj;jhHfs; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;..>

,iwtidg; Gfo;e;J tpl;L> vd;Dila kf;fNs..! ,iwtd; kPJ rj;jpakhf ,e;jg; gjtpf;fhf ,utpYk; rhp

my;yJ gfypYk; rhp..> ehd; vd;WNk FWf;F topapy; nray;gl;lJ fpilahJ> ,jid tpUk;gpaJk; fpilahJ>

,d;Dk; ,e;jg; gjtpia Ntz;b ,iwtdplk; NeubahfNth my;yJ kiwKfkhfNth gpuhHj;jpj;jJk; fpilahJ.

Mdhy;> rpy Ntz;lj;jfhj tpisTfs; Vw;gl;L tpLNkh vd;W jhd; ehd; mQ;Rfpd;Nwd;. ,g;nghOJ vd; kPJ

ePq;fs; kpfg; nghpa Rikiar; Rkj;jpAs;sPHfs;> ,J vd;Dila rf;jpf;F mg;ghw;gl;lJ> ,iwtDila

cjtpapd;wp vd;dhy; ,jid epiwT nra;a ,ayhJ. ,e;j ,f;fl;lhd fhy fl;lj;jpy; vd;id tpl rf;jp

tha;e;jnjhU kdpjiuj; jhd; ,e;j ,lj;jpy; ehd; ghHf;f tpUk;gpNdd; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

re;Njfkpy;yhky;> ,g;nghOJ ehd; cq;fshy; jiyikg; nghWg;Gf;F epakpf;fg;gl;bUg;gpDk;> ehd; cq;fis tplr;

rpwe;jtdy;yd;. ehd; NeHtopapy; ,Ug;gjw;F vdf;F ePq;fs; cjTq;fs;> ehd; jtwpiof;Fk; nghOJ vd;id

ePq;fs; NeHtopg;gLj;Jq;fs;> rPHjpUj;Jq;fs;. rj;jpak; vd;gJ mkhdpjk; Nghd;wJ> ngha; vd;gJ mgfPHj;jpahdJ.

cq;fspy; gytPdHfs; vd;dplk; fLikiaf; fhl;ll;Lk;> mtHfsJ chpikfs; epiyehl;lg;gLk; tiu..> ,d;Dk;

cq;fspy; typikahdtHfs; vd; kPJ ,uf;fk; fhl;ll;Lk;.

my;yh`;tpd; ghijapy; NghuhLtjdpd;Wk; tpyfp ,Uf;f ve;j rKjhaj;jpdhYk;> Mdhy; gLghjff; nfhiyapy;

Page 97: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

<LgLtijj; jtpHj;J> my;yh`;tpd; ghijapy; NghuhLtjidf; if tpLtjw;F ve;j rKjhaj;jpw;Fk; mDkjp

fpilahJ. vtnuhUtH khdf; Nflhd tp\aj;ij nra;jhYk;> mtiu rj;jpaj;jpd; ghy; nfhz;L tug;gl;L

,iwtdpd; jz;lidia mtH kPJ epiwNtw;wp itf;fg;gLk;.

ehd; my;yh`;Tf;Fk; mtdJ J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;Fk; fl;Lg;gLk; tiuf;Fk; vdf;Fk; fl;Lg;gLq;fs;.

vg;nghOJ mtHfSf;Ff; fl;Lg;gLtjdpd;Wk; ehd; jtpHe;J tpLfpd;NwNdh mg;nghOjpypUe;J ePq;fSk; vdf;Ff;

fl;Lg;gl Ntz;lhk;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,we;jjd; gpd; muR epHthfk; rhpahd Kiwapy; ,aq;Ftjw;F Kiwahfj;

NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;l muR epHthfk; xd;W Njit vd;gJ mtrpakhf ,Ue;jJ> ,g;nghOJ mJ mGgf;fH (uyp)

mtHfs; jiyikg; nghWg;ig Vw;Wf; nfhz;ljd; fhuzkhf epiwNtwpaJ.

,t;thwhf mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfisf; fyp/ghthfj; NjHT nra;ag;gl;l rk;gtj;jpd; nghOJ ckH (uyp) mtHfs;

Kf;fpag; gq;fhw;wpdhHfs;. mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpd; nghOJ mtHfspd; gpujhd MNyhrfuhf

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; jpfo;e;jhHfs; vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

Kjy; eltbf;if

c]hkh (uyp) jiyikapy; rphpahtpd; kPJ gilnaLg;G

`p[;hp 8 k; Mz;L> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; capUld; ,Ue;j me;j fhyfl;lj;jpy;> K];ypk;fspd; kPJ

jhf;Fjy; elj;jj; jahuhfp te;j Nuhkg;gilfis> Kmj;jh vd;w ,lj;jpy; itj;J vjpHg;gjw;fhf c]hkh (uyp)

mtHfspd; jiyikapy; xU giliaj; jahH nra;jhHfs;. ,jpy; kjPdhitr; NrHe;j 700 ,isQHfs;

,Ue;jhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; RftPdk; mile;jjd; fhuzkhf> ,e;jg; gil kjPdhit tpl;Lk;

,d;Dk; fpsk;ghj epiyapy; ,Ue;jJ.

,g;nghOJ ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kuzpj;jjd; gpd;G> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSk; Ml;rpj; jiytuhf

NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;ljd; gpd;G> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; Ml;rpj; jiytuhf ,Ue;J> Kjd; Kjy; cj;juthf>

c]hkh (uyp) mtHfSld; NuhkHfis vjpHg;gjw;fhf jahH nra;ag;gl;l gil fpsk;gj; jahuhfl;Lk;> me;jg;

gilAld; nry;y cj;juT gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l vtUk; kjPdhtpy; jq;ff; $lhJ> me;jg; gilAld; nry;y

mDkjpf;fg;gl;ltHfs; midtUk; [{H/g; vd;w ,lj;jpy; Ngha; gilAld; NrHe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W

cj;jutpl;lhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) ,we;jjd; gpd;G> kjPdhtpd; r%fr; rkepiy ghjpf;fg;gl;lJ> mikjp mope;J fhzg;gl;lJ>

Gjpjhf ngha;j; J}jHfs; gyH Njhd;w Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,jid rhf;fhf itj;Jf; nfhz;L> fpwp];jtHfSk;>

A+jHfSk; jpl;lkpl;l Kiwapy; Fog;gq;fis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. ,e;j epiyapy;> mG+ k];Cj; (uyp)

Nghd;w Kd;dzp egpj;NjhoHfs;> c]hkh (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikapy; ,g;nghOJ xU gil ntspf;fpsk;gpr;

nry;tJ mt;tsT cfe;jjy;y. fLq;FspH Neuj;jpy;> Ml;blaidj; njhiyj;j Ml;L ke;ij Nghy> ,g;nghOJ

K];ypk;fspd; epiy ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Rw;wpYk; me;j Ml;ilf; fhT nfhs;sf; fhj;jpUf;Fk; Xeha; $l;lj;jpw;F

kj;jpapy; K];ypk;fs; mfg;gl;L jj;jspj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; Ntisapy;> ,e;jg; gilnaLg;G rhpjhdh? vd;w

Nfs;tpia vOg;gpdhHfs;.

Mdhy;; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfNsh> ,J vd;Dila cj;juty;y> ,J ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; cj;juT.

vd;Dila capH vtd; if trk; ,Uf;fpd;wNjh> mtd; kPJ rj;jpakhf..! ,e;j cj;jutpy; ehd; ve;j

khw;wj;ijAk; nra;a khl;Nld;. gil Gwg;gLtJ vd;gJcWjpahdJ. ,e;j cq;fsJ fUj;jpy; ehd;

cld;gLtij tpl> xU Xeha; vd;idf; ftHe;J nrd;W tpLtijNa ehd; nghpJk; tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;> ehd; ,e;j

kjPdhtpy; jd;dq;jdpahf jdpj;J tplg;gbDk; rhpNa..! vd;W $wp Kbj;jhHfs;.

rpy Kd;ndr;rhpf;if eltbf;iffis vLj;jjd; gpd;> gilAld; nry;y epakpf;fg;gl;ltHfis cld; fpsk;gj;

jahuhFk;gb mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; cj;jutpl;lhHfs;. midj;Jg; gilapdUk; ,g;nghOJ [{H/g; vd;w ,lj;jpy;

$b tpl;ldH. gilapdH mq;F Kfhkpl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;j me;j Neuj;jpy;> ckH (uyp) mtHfs; %ykhf xU

nra;jpia c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs; fyP/gh mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSf;F mDg;gp itf;fpd;whHfs;.

fyP/gh mtHfNs..!

ekJ gil fpsk;gpaTld;> ,e;j Fog;gf;fhuHfs; fyP/ghitAk;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; ,lj;ijAk;>

Page 98: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,d;Dk; nghJthf kf;fisAk; #o;e;J jhf;fj; Jtq;fp tpLthHfs;. vdNt> ePq;fs; mDkjpj;jhy; ehd;

kjPdhtpy; ,Uf;fNt tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd; vd;w nra;jpia mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;.

,e;j Neuj;jpy; mq;F $bapUe;j md;]hHfs; ,e;j MNyhridia ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; Kd;ghf itj;jhHfs;.

c]hkh (uyp) mtHfSf;Fg; gjpyhf> mtiu tpl tajpy; %j;j mDgtkpf;f xUtiu jiyikg; nghWg;gpy;

epakpf;fyhNk vd;W MNyhrid $wp> ,jid mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsplk; njhptpf;FkhW $wpdhHfs;.

c]hkh (uyp) mtHfspd; Ntz;LNfhSf;F gjpyspj;j fyP/gh mtHfs;> mt;thnwy;yhk; Njitapy;iy> gil

Gwg;gLtJ vd;gJ epr;rakhdJ vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

mjd; gpd; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; md;]hHfs; $wpa MNyhridia fyP/gh mtHfsplk; Kd; itj;jnghOJ>

,jidf; Nfl;l fyP/gh mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; rpde;jtHfshf..>

cq;fs; kPJ mopT cz;lhthjhf..! ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; epakpj;j xUtiu vd;idf; nfhz;L ePf;f

Kidfpd;wPHfNs..!? vd;W Nfl;L tpl;L> fyP/gh mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; gilapdiu topaDg;gp itg;gjw;fhf

[{H/g; vd;w ,lj;jpw;F tpiue;jhHfs;.

,e;j Neuj;jpy;> gilf;Fj; jsgjpahf epakpf;fg;gl;l c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs; Fjpiuapy; mkHe;J tUfpd;whHfs;.

fyP/gh mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; ele;Jtu> mg;JH u`;khd; gpd; mt;/g; (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ Fjpiuapd; kPJ

mkuhky; mjid elj;jpf; $l;b tUfpd;whHfs;.

,g;nghOJ> c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs;> cq;fsJ Fjpiuia ePq;fs; Xl;b thUq;fs; my;yJ vd;id ele;J tu

mDkjpAq;fs; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; :

ehd; Fjpiuapy; VwpAk; tu KbahJ> cq;fis ,wq;fp elf;fTk; mDkjpf;f KbahJ vd;W $wp tpl;L>

my;yh`;tpd; ghijapy; Nghulf; fpsk;gpathpd; ghjq;fspy; glf; $ba J}rp gl;ljdhy; vd;Dila me;j];J vd;d

Fiwe;jh Ngha;tpLk;?

my;yh`;tpd; ghijapy; Nrit nra;af;$ba xUthpd; me;j];ij 700 klq;if caHj;Jfpd;whd;> ,d;Dk; 700

ghtq;fis Nghf;Ffpd;whd;> 700 ed;ikfis mtd; fzf;fpy; vOjp tpLfpd;whd;.

gpd;G> gilapdhpd; gf;fk; jpUk;gpa mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;> tPuHfNs..! cq;fSf;F ehd; gj;J fl;lisfis

,Lfpd;Nwd;. mtw;iw kdjpDs; gjpj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;..!

Nkhrbapy; <LglhjPHfs;> cq;fspy; jiytUf;Ff; fl;Lg;gl kWf;fhjPHfs;> cliy mq;ftPdg;gLj;jhjPHfs;.

tajhdtHfisAk;> ngz;fisAk; my;yJ Foe;ijfisAk; nfhiy nra;ahjPHfs;. <r;r kuq;fis ntl;lNth

my;yJ vhpf;fNth my;yJ fdpjuf; $ba kuq;fis ntl;lNth nra;ahjPHfs;. czTf;fh md;wp ML> khL

my;yJ xl;lfq;fis ntl;bf; nfhy;yhjPHfs;. klq;fspy; jq;fp jq;fsJ ,Wjpf;fhyj;ijf; fopf;ff;$ba

kf;fis xd;Wk; nra;ahjPHfs;> mtHfis mtHfsJ topapNyNa tpl;L tpLq;fs;. ePq;fs; nry;Yk; ghijfspy;

tpjtpjkhd ghj;jpuq;fspy; czT nfhz;L tuf; $ba kf;fisf; fhz;gPHfs;. mitfis ePq;fs; cz;z

Muk;gpf;Fk; nghOJ> ,iwtdJ jpUg;ngaiu nkhope;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,d;Dk; cr;re;jiyapy; rpiuj;J>

mjidr; Rw;wpYk; cs;s gFjpfspy; Kbfis tsu tpl;L ril Nghyj; njhq;f tpl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;

kdpjHfisg; ghHg;gPHfs;. mtHfis cq;fsJ thshy; jhf;Fq;fs;. my;yh`;tpd; ngaiuf; nfhz;L

Kd;NdWq;fs;. vjphpfspd; jhf;Fjy;fspypUe;J my;yh`; cq;fisg; ghJfhg;ghdhf ,d;Dk; nfhba

NehapypUe;Jk; cq;fisg; ghJfhg;ghdhf..! vd;W $wp Kbj;jhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,we;J 19 ehl;fs; fopj;J> ugPcy; MfpH khjk; ,Wjpapy; gil fpsk;g Muk;gpj;jJ.

mg;nghOJ c]hkh (uyp) mtHfspd; gf;fk; jpUk;gpa mG+gf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;> gilj;jsgjp mtHfNs..!

cq;fsplk; xNu xU Ntz;LNfhis Kd;itf;fpd;Nwd; vd;whHfs;. cq;fNshL ckH (uyp) mtHfis mioj;Jr;

nry;yhjPHfs;> vd;Dila cjtpf;fhf mtiu ,q;Nf tpl;L tpl;Lr; nry;Yq;fs; vd;W Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

mG+gf;fH (uyp) mtHfspd; Ntz;LNfhSf;fpzq;f> mtUf;F MNyhrid toq;Ftjw;fhf Ntz;b ckH (uyp)

mtHfis kjPdhtpNyNa ,Uf;f mDkjpj;jhHfs;> c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs;.

,d;Dk; ,e;jg; gil fpsk;gpajd; %yk;> mNugpahitr; Rw;wpYk; cs;s kf;fspd; kdjpy; K];ypk;fisg; gw;wp

mr;rj;ij Cl;baJ. mjhtJ> kjPdhtpy; kpfTk; Fog;gkhd epiy epyTk; ,e;jr; #o;epiyapy;> gil xd;W

Page 99: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

ntspf;fpsk;GtJ vd;gJ ,ayhj fhhpak;. mg;gb fpsk;Gfpd;wnjd;why;> K];ypk;fs; kpfTk; typik kpf;f epiyapy;

,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;gJ mHj;jkhFk; vd;W mtHfs; kjpg;gPL nra;J nfhz;lhHfs;.

kjPdhtpd; ghJfhg;G Vw;ghLfs;

gdP m]j; vd;w Nfhj;jpuj;jhH kjPdhtpypUe;J kf;fhit Nehf;fpr; nry;yf; $ba ghijapd; Muk;gg; gFjpapy;

Rikhpah vd;w gFjpapy; $l;lkhf tho;e;J te;jhHfs;. gD} fj/ghd;fs; kjPdhtpd; njw;Fg; gFjpapy; tho;e;J

te;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; gD} ijgh> gD} fHuh kw;Wk; gD} mg;gh]; Mfpa Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfs; mg;uf; vd;w ,lj;jpy;

$l;lkhf tho;e;J te;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; kjPdhtpypUe;J e[;J Nehf;fpr; nry;Yk; ghijapd; Muk;g vy;iyapy;

,Ue;j Jy; fp];]h vd;w ,lj;jpy; gD} Jidad; vd;w Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfs; kpFjpahf tho;e;jhHfs;.

c]hkh (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikapy; rphpahit Nehf;fpg; gilfs; nrd;W nfhz;bUe;j Neuk; mJ. me;j

Neuj;jpy; ,e;jf; Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfs; midtUk; jq;fsJ gpujpepjpfis mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsplk; mDg;gp itj;J>

''jhq;fs; ,];yhj;ij Vw;fj; jhauhf ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;> Mdhy; ]fhj;ij vq;fsplk; t#ypf;fg;gLtjpypUe;J

vq;fSf;F tpjptpyf;F mspf;f Ntz;Lk;"" vd;w ,e;j epge;jid Kd; itj;jdH.

,e;j epiyapy; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ NjhoHfsplk; ,J Fwpj;J fye;jhNyhrid nra;j nghOJ>

fyp/gh mtHfNs..! ,g;nghOJ ekf;F gy gf;fq;fspypUe;Jk; neUf;Fjy;fs; mjpfhpj;J tpl;ld> K];ypk;fs; gy

gf;fq;fspypUe;Jk; Mgj;ij vjpHNehf;fpa tz;zk; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs;. ,tHfsJ Nfhhpf;ifia ehk;

Vw;Wf; nfhz;L mtHfis ,];yhj;jpw;Fs; ,izj;Jf; nfhz;lhy;> ,];yhj;jpw;F vjpuhfj; Njhd;wpAs;s

Mgj;Jf;fSk;> gphptpidfSk; rw;W Fiwe;jJ NghypUf;Fky;yth vd;whHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; rw;W Kd; jhd; kuzkile;jpUe;jhHfs;> ,e;j epiyapy; ,];yhj;ij tpl;Lk; gy

Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfs; ntspNawpAk;> ngha;j;J}jHfs; cUthfpAk; te;j fhyfl;lkJ. ,e;j epiyapy; rpyH> 'ehq;fs;

njhOfpd;Nwhk;> Mdhy; ]fhj;ijf; nfhLf;f KbahJ" vd;whHfs;. mg;nghOJ ckH (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;>

X.. fypgh mtHfNs..! ,tHfsplk; rkhjhdkhd Kiwapy; ele;J> eLepiyg; Nghf;iff; iff; nfhs;Sq;fNsd;

vd;whHfs;.

mjw;F> ckNu..! ehd; cq;fsJ cjtpia vjpHghHf;fpd;Nwd;> cz;ikapy; ePq;fs; mjpy; cWjpahf ,Ug;gijAk;

ehd; tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. ckNu..! me;j [h`pypa;ahf; fhyj;jpy; ePq;fs; fz;bg;ghdtuhf ,Ue;jPHfs;. me;jf;

fz;bg;Gk;> fbd rpj;jKk; ,g;nghOJ ,y;yhky; NghdNjd;? ,];yhk; typAWj;Jk; mk;rq;fis kwe;J tpl;L ehd;

vg;gb rkhjhdkhd Nghf;iff; iff; nfhs;s KbAk;? ,iwtDk;> mtdJ J}jUk; jPHkhdpj;J tpl;lnjhU

tp\aj;jpy;> mtHfs; ,];yhj;jpw;Fs; tu Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf cq;fSila mwpTiuia ehd; vw;Wf; nfhz;L

]fhj; thpia mtHfsplkpUe;J ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjpypUe;J ehd; tpjptpyf;fspf;f Ntz;Lk;..? ,e;j tp\aj;jpy;

my;yh`;Tk;> mtdJ J}jUk; njspthfNt $wpapUf;f> #o;epiyiaf; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L mjpy; ehk; rkhjhdk;

nra;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lkh? vd;Nd Ntjid..> my;yh`;tpDila J}jH ,we;J tpl;lhHfs;> mtHfs; %ykhf

fpilj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j ,iwr; nra;jpAk; epd;W Ngha; tpl;lJ.

my;yh`;tpd; J}jhpDila gpujpepjp vd;w tifapy;> mtHfs; vjidf; nfhz;L cj;jutpl;lhHfNsh mjid

nray;gLj;Jtijj; jtpu NtnwhU gzp vd;kPJ ,y;iy. ehd; ,];yhkpar; rl;lq;fis

mKy;gLj;Jfpd;wtNdad;wp> mjid khw;wpaikg;gjw;Nfh my;yJ jpUj;jpaikg;gjw;Nfh chpik gilj;jtdy;yd;

vd;W $wpdhHfs; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;.

,jidf; Nfl;l ckH (uyp)..> mGgf;fNu..! cq;fis ehd; ghuhl;Lfpd;Nwd;> vdJ KO xj;Jiog;igAk;

cq;fSf;F ehd; toq;Ffpd;Nwd; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ gjpYf;fhf me;jf; Nfhj;jpuj;Jg; gpujpepjp fhj;jpUe;jhHfs;. ckH(uyp) mtHfsplk;

nra;J nfhz;l MNyhridf;Fg; gpd;dH> '',];yhj;ij ePq;fs; vg;nghOJ Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;wPHfNsh>

mg;nghOjpypUe;J mJ typAWj;Jk; mk;rq;fisAk; ePq;fs; filgpj;jhf Ntz;baJ fl;lhakhFk;. ,];yhj;jpy;

xUfhy;> [h`pypa;aj;jpy; xUfhy; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;f KbahJ. cq;fsJ kd ,r;irfSf;Fj;

jFe;jkhjphp ,];yhj;jpd; rpy mk;rq;fis Vw;Wf; nfhz;L> rpy mk;rq;fis xJf;fpj; js;sp tpl KbahJ. xd;W

ePq;fs; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;> my;yJ ,];yhj;jpw;F ntspNa ,Ue;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

,];yhk; mjd; mbg;gilr; rl;lq;fspy; xd;iw vLj;Jf; nfhz;L ,d;ndhd;iw tpl;L tpLtJ vd;w 'tpl;Lf;

nfhLj;Jg; NghtJ" vd;w Ngr;Rf;Nf ,lkpy;iy vd;W $wp tpl;lhHfs;. ,];yhj;jpd; mbg;gilf; flikfspy;

Page 100: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

xd;W ]fhj;> mjid ePq;fs; nfhLf;f kWj;jhy; ,];yhj;jpid tpl;Lk; ntspNawptuhtPHfs;. ,];yhj;jpd;

mk;rq;fs; vd;dntd;gij tpsf;fp tpl;L ,Wjpahf me;j J}Jf; FOtplk; cWjpahd Fuypy; $wpdhHfs; :

ehd; Vw;fdNt cq;fSf;F mspj;jpUf;Fk; tpsf;fj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;> ]fhj; ijg; nghWj;j tpiuapy; xl;lfj;jpd;

%f;fzhq; fapW msTf;F ePq;fs; ]fhj; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w epiy ,Ug;gpd;> my;yh`;tpd; J}juJ fyp/gh

vd;w me;j];jpy; ,Uf;Fk; ehd;> mjid cq;fsplkpUe;J t#ypg;gjw;fhf cq;fs; kPJ NghhpLtJk; $l vd;kPJ

flikahdjhFk;> mjdhy; vj;jifa ghjfq;fs; tpise;jhYk; rhpNa..! vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; te;jpUe;j gpujpepjpfsplk; Ngrpf; nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ> ckH (uyp) mtHfs; mq;F jhd;

,Ue;jhHfs;. fypgh mtHfspd; mwptpg;igf; Nfl;l me;jg; gpujpepjpfs;> vq;Nf cq;fsJ rthiy ehq;fs; Vw;Wf;

nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;> cq;fshy; Kbe;jijg; ghUq;fs; vd;W $wp tpl;Lr; nrd;W tpLfpd;whHfs;.

kjPdhtpy; ,Ue;j Kf;fpakhd egHfs; mlq;fpanjhU gil ,g;nghOJ jhd; kjPdhit tpl;Lf; fpsk;gp rphpahit

Nehf;fpr; nrd;W nfhz;bUe;jJ. c]hkh (uyp) mtHfspd; gilfs; ,g;nghOJ ehl;il tpl;Lk; ntspNa ,Ue;J

nfhz;bUf;fpd;w epiyapy;> kjPdhitr; Rw;wpAs;s Nfhj;jpuq;fspypUe;J tUk; vjpHg;ig vg;gbr; rkhspg;gJ vd;w

Nfs;tp vOe;jJ.

rthy; tpl;Lg; NghdtHfs;> Nghd khj;jpuj;jpNyNa mtHfSf;Fs; fye;jhNyhrid nra;J kjPdhtpd; kPJ

gilnaLf;f ,J jhd; jUzk; vd;W gilfNshL fpsk;gp te;J> xUehs; ,utpy; kjPdhtpd; kPJ NghH

njhLf;fTk; Muk;gpj;J tpl;lhHfs;.

elf;fg; Nghfpd;w tpghPjq;fspd; tpisTfs; vt;thW ,Uf;Fnkd;gij mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSk;> ckH (uyp)

mtHfSk; czHe;Nj ,Ue;jhHfs;. vdNt kjPdhtpd; ghJfhg;gpw;fhd Kd;eltbf;iffis KLf;fp tpl;lhHfs;.

kjPdhtpy; ,Uf;fpd;w xt;nthUtUk; jq;fshy; ,ad;w msTf;F ghJfhg;Gg; gzpf;fhd Maj;jq;fNshL tu

Ntz;Lk; vd;W mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ. K];ypk;fs; jq;fshy; ,ad;w mj;jid jahhpg;GfNshL vjphpfisr; re;jpf;fj;

jahuhdhHfs;. vjphpfs; fpope;j jz;zPHg; igfis K];ypk; gilfspd; kPJ vwpe;jhHfs;> mjd; fhuzkhf

K];ypk;fs; gazpj;J te;j xl;lfq;fs; gPjpaile;J kjPdhit Nehf;fp Xl Muk;gpj;jd. K];ypk;fis vjpHg;gjpy;

mtHfs; Muk;gpj;jpy; ntw;wp ngw;wdH.

,g;nghOJ mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSk;> ckH (uyp) mtHfSk; K];ypk; gilfSf;F jiyikNaw;W Kd;Nd

nrd;whHfs;. ,utpd; filrp Neuj;jpy;> K];ypk; gilfs; efUf;F ntspNa te;J vjphpfspd; kPJ fLikahf

jhf;Fjiyj; njhLj;jhHfs;. ,jid vjpHghHf;fhj vjphpfs; vd;d elf;fpd;wJ vd;gijNa mwpahj epiyf;Fj;

js;sg;gl;lhHfs;. mtHfspilNa Fog;gk; kpifj;jJ. tpLtjw;F Kd;ghfNt vjphpfs; NtwUf;Fg;gl;l epiyapy;>

kjPdhtpw;F NeutpUe;j kpfg; nghpa Mgj;J ePq;fpaJ. K];ypk;fs; ntw;wp ngw;whHfs;. vy;yhg; GfOk;

,iwtDf;Nf..!

ckH (uyp) kw;Wk; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp)

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs; kpfr; rpwe;j tPuH vd;gjpy; ckH(uyp) mtHfSf;F ve;j khw;Wf; fUj;Jk;

,y;iy> Mdhy; rpy elj;ij tp\aj;jpy; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfNshL ckH (uyp) mtHfs;

Kuz;gl;lhHfs;.

jyP`h vd;w Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfis G]{fh vd;w ,lj;jpy; itj;J ntw;wp ngw;wjd; gpd;dH> fhypj; gpd; tyPj;

mtHfs; gdP jkPk; vd;w Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfs; thOfpd;w ngH]pad; tisFlh gFjpia Nehf;fp jd;Dila

gilfisj; jpUg;gpdhHfs;. ,e;j gdP jkPk; Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ fhyj;jpy;

,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpd;G> ,];yhj;ij tpl;Lk;

ntspNawpatHfNshL ,tHfSk; ,ize;J nfhz;lhHfs; ,e;j Nfhj;jpuj;jtHfspy; xUrpyH ,];yhj;ij tpl;Lk;

ntspNawpa NghJk;> ,d;Dk; rpyH ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;l epiyapy; jhd; ,Ue;jhHfs;.

gdP jkPk; Nfhj;jpuj;jtHfsJ jiyefuhd gj`h it Nehf;fp jdJ gilia efHj;jpdhhfs; fhypj; gpd; tyPj;

(uyp) mtHfs;. ,e;j gilnaLg;gpw;F fyp/gh mtHfsJ cj;juT ,y;yhjjhy;> gilapy; ,Ue;j rpyH gdP jkPk;

fSf;F vjpuhf gilnaLg;G elj;Jtjw;F vjpHg;Gj; njhptpj;jhHfs;. Mdhy; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs;

mtHfsJ vjpHg;igg; nghUl;gLj;jhJ gilia efHj;jpdhHfs;.

ve;j xU $l;lj;jhH ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfNsh> mtHfs; kPJ ve;jtpj eltbf;ifAk; $lhJ vd;W

Page 101: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

fyp/gh mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; fLikahd cj;juT ,l;bUe;jhHfs;. mtHfs; ,];yhj;ij vjpHf;Fk; NghJ

kl;Lk; mtHfs; kPJ eltbf;if vLf;FkhW $wpapUe;jhHfs;. eltbf;iff;F Kd;gjhf xU Af;jp gpd;gw;wg;gl;lJ.

mjhtJ> vjphpfs; vd;W fUJgtHfsJ FbapUg;GfSf;Fr; nrd;wTld;> ghq;F nrhy;tJ. me;jg; ghq;fpw;F gjpy;

nrhy;Y Kfkhf gs;spia Nehf;fp tpiugtHfs; K];ypk;fshfTk;> mjidg; nghUl;gLj;jhjtHfs; K];ypk;

my;yhjtHfs; vd;W fzpf;fg;gLk;. mj;jifatHfs; vjphpfshf fUjg;gLthHfs;.

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs; gdP jkPk; fsJ ,Ug;gplj;jpid miltjw;F Kd;ghfNt gdP jkPk;fsJ

FOnthd;W mtuJ tUifia vjpHghHj;J efHg;Gwj;Jf;F ntspNa fhj;jpUe;jJ. K];ypk;fSf;Fr;

nrYj;Jtjw;fhfntd;Nw jq;fSld; fzprkhd msT gzj;Jld; mtHfs; te;jpUe;jdH. fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp)

mtHfs; me;jg; gzj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;ljd; gpd;dUk;> me;jf; Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfsJ ,Ug;gplj;ij Nehf;fp

Kd;NdwpdhHfs;. mq;F nrd;W NrHe;j gpd;dUk;> fhypj; gpd;tyPj; (uyp) mtHfsJ gilia vjpHg;gjw;nfd;W

vtUk; tutpy;iy. fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfSf;F Fog;gNk kpQ;rpaJ. xd;W mtHfs; vjpHf;f Ntz;Lk;

my;yJ ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. vJTNk mq;F eilngwtpy;iy.

gpd;dH vLf;fg;gl;l eltbf;ifapy; gdP jkPk;fsJ jiytH khypf; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;lhH. mtuJ kidtpia

rpiwgpbj;jhHfs;. gpd;G> khypf; mtHfsJ kidtpia fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs; kze;J nfhz;lhHfs;.

,e;j tp\ak; gilapypUe;J rpy K];ypk;fSf;F rq;flj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ. khypf; xU K];ypkhf ,Uf;fpd;w

epiyapy; mtiu nfhiy nra;jJ rhpay;y. mtiuf; nfhiyAk; nra;J tpl;L> mtuJ kidtpia kze;J

nfhz;lJ ,];yhj;jpw;F KuzhdJ vd;W mtHfs; thjhl Muk;gpj;jNjhL> mt;thW vjpHj;jtHfs; gilapypUe;J

tpyfp kjPdhTf;Fj; jpUk;gp te;J> fyp/gh mtHfsplk; GfhH nra;jhHfs;. mt;thW GfhH nra;jtHfspy; xUtH

mG+fjhjh (uyp) MthHfs;.

,jw;fpilapy; khypf; mtHfsJ rNfhjuH ,e;j mG+fjhjh (uyp) mtHfNshL kjPdhtpw;F te;J jdJ

rNfhjuUf;F ,iof;fg;gl;l nfhLikfs; Fwpj;J> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsplk; GfhH nra;jhHfs;. Vw;fdNt> khypf;

d; rNfhjuH K/jkPk; kpfr; rpwe;j ghlfH. mtuJ ghly;fs; gpugy;akhdit. mtH jdJ rNfhjuUf;F

,iof;fg;gl;l nfhLikia ghly; thpfshfNt tbj;jhH. mJ kjPdh kf;fspd; cs;sq;fis mirj;jJ.

fhypj; (uyp) mtHfs; kjPdhtpw;F te;J ele;jitfs; gw;wp tpsf;fkspf;FkhW Nfl;Lf; nfhs;sg;gl;lhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspdhy; 'my;yh`;tpd; ths;" vd;w ngaH #l;lg;gl;l ehd;> vg;gb vdJ this xU

K];ypkpw;F vjpuhfg; gpuNahfpg;Ngd;? vd;whH fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp). fhypj; (uyp) mtHfspd; ,e;jr; nraiy

ehd; td;ikahff; fz;bf;fpd;Nwd; vd;W ckH(uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;. ,e;j epiyapy;> ,];yhj;jpw;F vjpuhf

NghH mwptpj;J K];ypk;fis ,uz;L Kiw Njhw;fbj;jpUe;j Ki]ykhTf;F vjpuhf elf;ftpUf;fpd;w Nghhpy;

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp)mtHfsJ Nrit Njitahf ,Ug;gjhy;> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; eLepiyg; Nghf;iff;

iff; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,we;j khypf; mtHfsJ FLk;gj;jhHfSf;F igj;Jy; khypypUe;J ,uj;j ,og;gPl;Lj;

njhifia toq;fpdhHfs;. MdhYk; ckH(uyp) mtHfs; ,jpy; jpUg;jpailatpy;iy.

gpd;dH fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs; Ki]ykhit vjpHj;J akhkh tpy; NghH Ghpe;jhHfs;. ,e;jg; Nghhpy;

K];ypk;fSf;F kpfg; nghpa ntw;wp fpilj;jpUe;jhYk; K];ypk;fs; fzprkhd msTf;F caphpiog;igr;

re;jpj;jhHfs;. vjphpfspd; jug;gpy; 14 Mapuk; NgHfSk;>K];ypk;fspd; jug;gpy; 12 Mapuk; NgHfSk;

kuzkile;jpUe;jhHfs;. K];ypk;fspd; jug;gpy; ,we;jtHfspy; ckH (uyp)mtHfspd; rNfhjuH i]j; mtHfSk;

xUtH. jdJ rNfhjudpd; gphpTj; Jauhy; thl;lKw;w ckH(uyp) mtHfs;> 'akhkhtpd; jpirapypUe;J tUk;

fhw;wpy;.. i]j;.. ckJ thridia ehd; czHfpd;Nwd;" vd;W $wf; $batHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;.

,jidaLj;J k[hm vd;w gD} `dP/gh Nfhj;jpuj;J jiytUld; nra;J nfhz;lnjhU cld;gbf;ifapy;>

mtuJ kfisj; jdf;Fj; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gijAk; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs;

,izj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,jw;Fk; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; fLikahd vjpHg;Gj; njhptpj;jhHfs;.

X.. fhypj;.. cq;fSf;F vd;d NeHe;jJ? cq;fisr; Rw;wpYk; Mapuf;fzf;fhd K];ypk; tPuHfs; ,uj;jk; Mwhf

Xbf; nfhz;bUf;f> vg;gb ePq;fs; xU ngz;Zld; jpUkzk; xg;ge;jk; nra;J nfhs;syhk; vd;W Nfl;L fbjk;

vOjpdhHfs; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;.

jkhJy; [d;jy; NghhpYk;> gD} [{jp gpd; ugPM Nfhj;jpuj;Jj; jiytdJ kfis kze;J nfhz;lhHfs;.

,jw;Fk; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; fLikahf vjpHg;Gj; njhptpj;jhHfs;. ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; Gfhiu js;Sgb nra;j

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;.

Page 102: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

<uhf;fpd; Ki]a;ah vd;w ,lj;jpy; ele;j Nghhpy; mg;Jy;yh kw;Wk; ygpj; vd;w ,uz;L K];ypk;fis fhypj; gpd;

tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs; nfhiy nra;J tpl;lhHfs;. ,uz;L K];ypk;fs; gLnfhiyahd ,e;jr; rk;gtKk; fhypj; gpd;

tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs; kPJ fLikahd tpkHrdk; vOe;jJ. ckH (uyp) mtHfs; fLikahf Nfhgkile;jNjhL>

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs; kPJ fz;bg;ghf eltbf;if vLj;jhf Ntz;Lk; vd;W fyp/gh mtHfis

typAWj;j Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfNsh..> vjphpfSf;F kj;jpapy; K];ypk;fs; fye;jpUf;Fk; nghOJ

eltbf;iffspd; nghOJ K];ypk;fSk; ghjpf;fg;glf; $Lk; vd;W $wpaNjhL> me;j ,uz;L NgUila

FLk;gj;jpw;Fk; ,uj;j ,og;gPl;Lj; njhifia igj;Jy; khypypUe;J toq;fpdhHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; rpwe;j MNyhrfH

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ fhyj;jpy; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; fyp/gh mtHfspd; Kjd;ik MNyhrfuhf jpfo;e;jhHfs;.

xUKiw madah gpd; `]d; kw;Wk; mf;uh gpd; `g]; vd;w ,uz;L Nfhj;jpuj;Jj; jiytHfs; ,UtUk; xU

epyj;ij jq;fSf;fhf ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjpy; KiwaPL nra;jtw;fhf mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSf;fhff;

fhj;jpUe;jhHfs;. mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSk; te;jhHfs;. mthplk; vq;fsJ ,Ug;gplj;jpw;F mUfpy; ghiwfs;

epiwe;j vjw;Fk; gad;glhj epyk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. mjidg; gz;gLj;jp vq;fsJ Njitf;F ehq;fs; gad;gLj;jpf;

nfhs;s mDkjp toq;fpr; nry;tjw;fhf te;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;whHfs;.

mg;nghOJ jd;idr; Rw;wp ,Ue;jtHfsplk; fye;jhNyhrid nra;j mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;> vjw;Fk; gad;glhj

epyj;ij gz;gLj;jp gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tJ ey;yJ jhNd vd;W mq;fpUe;jtHfs; MNyhrid $wpdhHfs;.

vdNt> mtHfs; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lgb me;j epyj;ij ehd; cq;fsf;Fj; jUfpd;Nwd; vd;W thf;FWjp mspj;J>

mjw;fhd xg;ge;j gj;jpuk; xd;Wk; vOjg;gl;lJ. mg;nghOJ ckH (uyp) mtHfs; mq;F ,y;yhjjhy;> mtH

te;jJk; mthplKk; rhl;rpf; ifnaOj;J thq;fpf; nfhs;Sq;fs; vd;W mtHfsplk; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; $wp

tpl;lhHfs;.

te;jtHfSk;> ckH (uyp) mtHfs; kl;Lk; jhNd ifnaOj;Jg; Nghl Ntz;Lk;> mJ ntWk; xU rlq;fpw;fhfNt

jhd; ,Uf;Fk;> ,e;j epyj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjpy; ekf;F ve;jg; gpur;idAk; ,Uf;fg; Nghtjpy;iy vd;W

mtHfs; fUjpf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ckH (uyp) mtHfSk; te;jhHfs;. mthplk; me;jg; gj;jpuj;ijf; fhz;gpj;J>

Nkw;gb epyj;ij vq;fSf;Fj; jUtjhf mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; xg;Gjy; mspj;J tpl;lhHfs;> ehq;fs;

cq;fsplKk; ifnaOj;Jg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;gb fyp/gh mtHfs; $wpajhy;> ePq;fSk; ,jpy; xU rhl;rpahf

ifnaOj;Jg; Nghl Ntz;Lk; vd;W mtHfs; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

me;j xg;ge;jj;ijg; gbj;Jg; ghHj;j ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpy; vd;dhy; ifnaOj;Jg; Nghl

KbahJ vd;W $wp mjidj; jpUg;gp mDg;gp tpl;lhHfs;.

te;jtHfs; fLikahd Nfhgj;Jld; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfisr; re;jpj;J> ele;j tpguq;fisf; $wpdhHfs;.

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; vJTk;gjpy; $whJ mikjpahf,Uf;fTk;> ''ePq;fs; fyp/ghth? my;yJ ckH fyp/ghth?

vd;whHfs;.

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; gjpyspj;jhHfs;> ''cq;fsJ Ml;rpahsuhf ,Ug;gjw;F kpfTk; rpwe;jtH mtNu""

vd;whHfs;.

gpd;dH ckH (uyp) mtHfs; fyp/ghtpd; Kd;dpiyapy; te;jhHfs;. te;j xg;ge;jj;ij ifnaLj;jplhky; jpUg;gp

mDg;gpajd; Nehf;fk; vd;d? ckNu..! vd;whHfs; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;.

ckH (uyp)..> Nfl;lhHfs;..> fyp/gh mtHfNs..> ,e;j epyk; cq;fSila nrhj;jh> my;yJ K];ypk;

rKjhaj;jpw;Fr; nrhe;jkhd nrhj;jh?

,J vd;Dila nrhj;jy;y> ,J K];ypk; ck;kj;jpw;fhd nrhj;J.

gpd;dH> ,J K];ypk; ck;kj;jpd; nrhj;jhf ,Uf;f..> ePq;fs; tpUk;gpathW ,tUf;Fk; mtUf;Fk; vg;gb

jhdkhff; nfhLf;fyhk;. mtHfs; mjidf; Fj;jiff;F Ntz;Lkhdhy; vLj;Jf; nfhz;L Nghfl;Lk;> Mdhy;

mJ vd;iwf;FNk murpd; nghJr; nrhj;jhfNt ,Uf;fl;Lk; vd;whHfs;.

te;jtHfs; gf;fk; jpUk;gpa fyp/gh mtHfs;..> ckH.. cz;ikiaNa nrhd;dhH. ehd; rl;lj;ij kPw KbahJ

vd;W $wp tpl;lhHfs;.

gpd;dH ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; gf;fk; jpUk;gpa mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;> ''ehd; Vw;fdNt ck;kplk; Nfl;Lf;

Page 103: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

nfhz;lJ Nghy ePq;fNs murpd; epHthfpahf .. fyp/ghthf Mfp ,Uf;fyhk;> Mdhy; ePq;fs; jhd; ,e;jr;

Rikia vd;kPJ Rkj;jp tpl;BHfs;"" vd;whH. ehd; cq;fSld; kpf ePz;l ehl;fSf;F ,Uf;f khl;Nld;> ,e;jg;

nghWg;Gf;fnsy;yhk; tpiuthfNt cq;fsJ Njhs;fSf;F khw;wg;gl ,Uf;fpd;wd vd;whHfs;.

mGgf;fH (uyp) kw;Wk; ckH(uyp)

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;Fk; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s gpizg;G vt;thwpUe;jnjdpy;>

gpd;dtiu '',uz;L Nghpy; ,uz;lhktH" vd;wiog;gJz;L. mjidg; NghyNt mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSf;Fk; kw;Wk;

ckH (uyp) mtHfSf;Fk; ,Ue;jJ. mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; fyp/ghthf gjtpNaw;Wf; nfhz;ljd; gpd;dhs;>

'',uz;L Nghpy; ,uz;lhktH" Mf ckH (uyp) mtHfs; jpfo;e;jhHfs;. ,uz;L NgUf;Fk; ,ilNa epytp el;Gk;>

ghrg; gpizg;Gk; myhjpahdit. xt;nthUtUk; xUtH kw;wtiu rpwg;ghf Nerpj;jdH. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

,we;jjd; gpd;dhs;> ckH (uyp) mtHfNs fyp/ghthf tu Ntz;Lk; vd;W mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; tpUk;gpdhHfs;.

,Ug;gpDk; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; Ke;jpf; nfhz;ltHfshf vOe;J mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfis fyp/ghthf

MNkhjpj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kf;fs; Kd; r%fkspf;Fk; Neuq;fspnyy;yhk;> xUgf;fk;

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSk;> kWgf;fk; ckH (uyp) mtHfSk; ,g;ghHfs;.

,d;Dk; ,UtUk; ed;ikahd tpraq;fspy; Nghl;b Nghl;Lf; nfhs;thHfs;. ahH ahiu Ke;JtJ vd;w Nghl;b

mtHfspilNa fhzg;gLk;. ,J mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSf;Fk; ckH (uyp) mtHfSf;Fk; ,ilNa ele;jnjhU

Rthu];akhdnjhU Nghl;b.

rphpahtpd; vy;iyNahuk; ,Ue;j jG+f; vd;w ,lj;jpd; kPJ gilnaLj;Jr; nry;y ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

tpUk;gpdhHfs;. me;jg; NghUf;Fj; Njitahd nghUshjhuj;ij md;gspg;ghf toq;FkhW jdJ NjhoHfisf;

Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ckH (uyp) mtHfsplk; mg;nghOJ xU Fwpg;gpl;lnjhU njhif ,Ue;jJ. rhp.. ,J

jhd; jUzk; ,e;j Kiw mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfis vg;gbahtJ Ke;jp tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W ckH (uyp) mtHfs;

tpUk;gpdhHfs;. tPl;bw;Fr; nrd;w ckH (uyp) mtHfs; fzprkhd njhifNahL te;jhHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfisg; ghHj;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;..> ckNu..! cq;fsJ FLk;gj;jpw;fhf vjid tpl;L

te;jpUf;fpd;wPHfs; vd;whHfs;. vd;Dila nry;tj;jpy; ghjpia my;yh`;Tf;Fk;> mtdJ J}jUf;Fk; nfhz;L

te;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;> mLj;j ghjpia vdJ FLk;gj;jtUf;fhf tpl;L te;jpUf;fpd;Nwd; vd;whHfs;.

gpd;dH> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; te;jhHfs;> mthplKk; mNj Nfs;tpiaf; Nfl;lhHfs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;.

vdJ trk; ,Ue;j midj;J nry;tj;ijAk; my;yh`;Tf;fhfTk;> mtdJ J}jUf;fhfTk; nfhz;L te;J

tpl;Nld;. vdJ FLk;gj;jtUf;fhf my;yh`;itAk;> mtdJ J}jiuAk; tpl;L te;jpUf;fpd;Nwd; vd;whHfs;.

,dp xU NghJk; mGgf;fiu ehk; kpQ;rp tpl KbahJ vd;w KbTf;F te;jhHfs; ckH (uyp) mtHfs;.

,g;D k];Cj; (uyp) mtHfs; %ykhd mG+ a/yh mtHfs; gjpT nra;jpUf;fpd;wnjhU epfo;tpy;> ''ehd;

gs;spthrypy; njhOJ nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSlDk;> ckH

(uyp)mtHfSlDk; gs;spapy; Eioe;jhHfs;. mtHfs; vd;id njhOifapy; ghHj;jTld;> 'NfSq;fs;>

gpuhHj;jpAq;fs;..> cq;fSf;F mjid mtd; mUl;nra;Ak; tiuf;Fk;" vd;W $wpdhHfs;. gpd;dH> ahnuhUtH

FHMid GjpjhfTk;> cw;rhfj;JlDk; Xj tpUk;Gfpd;whNuh mtH> ,g;D k];Cj; mtHfSld; (mtHfs; XJk;

Kiwapy;) Xjl;Lk; vd;W $wpdhHfs;. gpd;dH ehd; tPl;bw;Fj; jpUk;gp tpl;Nld;> vd;Dila tPl;bw;F te;j

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; vd;idg; gw;wpf; $wpa ew;nra;jpia vd;dplk; njhptpj;J

tpl;Lr; nrd;whHfs;> gpd;dH ckH (uyp) mtHfs; te;jhHfs;> mtHfs; te;jjw;F Kd;gjhfNt mGgf;fH (uyp)

mtHfs; te;J tpl;Lg; Ngha; tpl;lij mwpe;J> epr;rakhf ed;ikahd tp\aq;fspy; mGgf;fiu kpQ;rp tpl KbahJ

vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; fyp/ghthf Ml;rpg; nghWg;gpy; mkHtjw;F Kd;Gk; $l> kjpdhtpw;F ntspNa te;J

Njitg;gl;ltHfSf;F cjTtij tof;fkhf;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;.

kjPdhtpw;F ntspNa xU fz; njhpahjnjhU ngz; tho;e;J te;jhs;> mtSf;F cjTtjw;nfd;W ahUk;

fpilahJ. vdNt me;jg; ngz;Zf;F cjTtjw;fhf mbf;fb nrd;W tuf; $batHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;> mtHfs;

nrd;W me;jg; ngz;zpd; tPl;bid miltjw;F Kd;ghfNt NtW ahNuh xUtH mq;F te;J me;jg; ngz;Zf;Fj;

Njitahd cjtpfis toq;fp tpl;Lr; nrd;W tpLtijg; ghHj;jhHfs;.

,e;jf; fz; njhpahj ngz;Zf;F ehk; cjtyhk; vd;w ed;Ndhf;fj;jpy; ,q;F te;jhy;> ekf;F Kd;ghfNt

Page 104: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

xUtH te;J cjtp tpl;Lg; Ngha; tpLfpd;whNuh vd;wnjhU tpuf;jpf;Fj; js;sg;gl;lhH ckH (uyp)mtHfs;. rhp..>

,e;j ed;ikahd tp\aj;jpy; ek;ik tpl Ke;jpf; nfhz;L nray;gLgtH ahuhf ,Uf;Fk; vd;gijahtJ ehk;

fz;L gpbj;jhf Ntz;Lk; vd;W fsj;jpy; ,wq;fpdhH ckH (uyp) mtHfs;.

xUehs;> tof;fkhfr; nry;Yk; Neuj;ij tpl Ke;jpr; nrd;W xU kiwthd ,lkhfg; ghHj;J xspe;J nfhz;L

tUtJ ahuhf ,Uf;Fk; vd;W Nehl;lk; tpl;lhHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; xd;Wk; kpf mjpf Neuk; mq;F kiwe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. rw;W Neuj;jpw;nfy;yhk; xU kdpjH

mq;F te;jhh> me;j ngz;Zf;Fj; Njitahd cjtpfisr; nra;jhH> me;j kdpjH NtW ahUk; ,y;iy>

mGgf;fH(uyp) mtHfshfj; jhd; ,Ue;jhHfs;.

,j;jifa r%f cjtpfspy; ek;ikAk; kpQ;rpr; nray;gLgtH mGgf;fuhfj; jhd; ,Uf;Fk;> epr;rakhf mtH vd;id

tpl midj;jpYk; Ke;jpf; nfhz;ltNu vd;whHfs;.

fyP/ghthf..

ckH (uyp) fyp/ghthfj; NjHe;njLf;fg;gLjy;

`p[;hp 13 [khJy; MfpH Vohk; ehs; FspHehspy;> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; Fspj;j nghOJ> fLikahd Fspiu

czHe;jhHfs;. mJNt fha;r;ryhf cUntLj;jJ. gLj;ij gLf;ifahfpg; NghdhHfs;> mtHfs; cly;eyf;

Fiwthf ,Ue;j me;j ehl;fspy; ckH (uyp) mtHfis mioj;J> njhOiff;F ,khkhf epd;W jiyikNaw;W

elj;Jk;gb $wpdhHfs;. mtHfsJ cly;epiy NkYk; NkYk; NkhrkhdJ> jdJ ,Wjpepiy neUq;fp tpl;lij

czHe;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ mq;fpUe;jtHfs;> kUj;Jtiu mioj;J tUk;gbf; $wpdhHfs;. mjidf; Nfl;l

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;> ''vy;yhk; Kbe;J tpl;lJ"" vd;whHfs;.

jdJ KbT mz;kpj;J tpl;lij czHe;J nfhz;l mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;> jdf;Fg; gpd;dhy; ahH Ml;rpahsuhf

tu Ntz;Lk; vd;gijj; NjHT nra;J mwptpj;J tpl Ntz;Lk;. mt;thwpy;yh tpl;lhy; mJNt kf;fspilNa

gpsitAk;> gphptpidiaAk; cz;L gz;zp tpLk; vd;gjid czHe;jtHfshf> mg;JH u`;khd; gpd; mt;/g; (uyp)

mtHfis mioj;J> ckH (uyp) mtHfis ehd; NjHT nra;ayhk; vd;W ,Uf;fpd;Nwd;> jq;fsJ fUj;J

vd;dntd;W $Wq;fNsd; vd;whHfs;. ,jidg; NghyNt NtW rpy egpj;NjhoHfisAk; mioj;J fUj;Jf;

Nfl;lhHfs;.

gyuJ MNyhridapd; KbTfs; ckH (uyp) mtHfisNa fyp/ghthfj; NjHT nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk;> mtNu

mjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd eguhf ,Ug;ghH vd;Wk; fUj;Jf; $wpdhHfs;. ,d;Dk;> ckH (uyp) mtHfs;

Kd;Nfhgf;fhuH> fLikahdtH vd;w fUj;ijAk; njhptpf;fg;gl;lJ> ,d;Dk; jiyikf;Fj; Njitahd nefpo;e;J

nfhLj;Jg; NghFk; Nghf;Fk; Njit> Mdhy; mtuhy; mJ ,ayhjJ vd;Wk; fUj;Jf; $wpdhHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; fLikahd Nghf;F kl;LNk jdf;F mLj;j fyp/ghthf mtiu epakpf;fg;gLtjw;Fj;

jilahf ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;gjid mG+gf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; czHe;J nfhz;lhHfs;. murpd; KOg; nghWg;Gk;

mtiur; rhHe;J tpl;ljd; gpd;dhs;> mtH jhdhfNt nefpo;e;J nfhLf;Fk; Nghf;iff; iff; nfhs;thH vd;w

ek;gpf;if mG+gf;fH (uyp) mtHfSf;F ,Ue;jJ.

vdNt> mjid kdjpy; itj;Jf; nfhz;ltuhf mG+gf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; kf;fsplk; ciuahw;w Muk;gpj;jhHfs; :

kf;fNs..! ehd; vd;Dila nrhe;j mDgtj;ij cq;fsplk; $Wfpd;Nwd;> ehd; czHr;rp trg;gLk;

nghOnjy;yhk; ckH (uyp)mtHfs; vd;id rhe;jg;gLj;jp ,Uf;fpd;whHfs;. vdNt jhd; ehd; $Wfpd;Nwd;..>

Neuk; tUk;..> mg;nghOJ ckH (uyp) mtHfs; cq;fsplk; nefpo;e;J nfhLj;Jg; NghFk; Nghf;iff; iff;

nfhs;thHfs; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

jyPah`; vd;gtH mjid vjpHj;J> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;Fg; gpd;dhy; Ml;rpf;F te;jtNu..> ckH(uyp)

mtHfSila fLk; Nghf;F gw;wp ePq;fs; Kw;wpYk; mwptPHfs;> mjid cq;fsJ Ml;rpapd; nghOJk;

ghHj;jpUf;fpd;wPHfs;> ePq;fs; vq;fsplkpUe;J tpil ngw;Wg; Nghdjd; gpd;dH> ,tH vq;fis vd;d ghL gLj;jg;

Nghfpd;whH vd;gjid my;yh`;Nt kpf mwpe;jtd;. ePq;fNsh vq;fis tpl;Lk; epue;jukhfr; nry;yf; $batuhf

,Uf;fpd;wPHfs;> kpfTk; fLikahd rpj;jk; nfhz;l xUthplk; vq;fis xg;gilj;J tpl;Lr; nry;fpd;wPHfNs.

ePq;fs; cq;fsJ Kbtpid kWghprPyid nra;Aq;fs;> ,J Fwpj;J cq;fsJ ,iwtdplk; ePq;fs; vd;d gjpy;

nrhy;yg; Nghfpd;wPHfs; vd;whH.

Page 105: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

mtuJ Ngr;irf; Nfl;l mG+gf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;> gLj;j gLf;ifapypUe;J jdJ KO gyj;ijAk; jpul;bf;

nfhz;ltuhf vOe;jpUf;f Kad;wtuhf..> mtiu Nehf;fp..>

ePH vd;id gaKWj;jhl;Lfpd;wPuh? vdJ ,iwtidr; re;jpf;Fk; nghOJ epr;rahf ehd; kpfTk; re;Njhrkhfr;

nrhy;Ntd;.> ''kdpj tHf;fj;jpy; kpfr; rpwe;jnjhU kdpjiu vdJ kf;fis epHtfpg;gjw;fhf epakpj;J tpl;L

te;jpUf;fpd;Nwd; vd;W ehd; nrhy;Ntd;"" vd;whHfs;.

mg;nghOJ mq;F myp (uyp) mtHfSk; ,Ue;jhHfs;. mtHfs; vOe;J epd;wtuhf> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfNs..>

ckiu tpl;lhy; ,e;j Ml;rpg; nghWg;gpw;Fr; rpwe;j kdpjH NtW vtUkpy;iy vd;whHfs;.

jd;id epakpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W $Wtjw;Fj; jFjp gilj;jtuhf myp (uyp) mtHfs; ,Ue;j nghOjpYk;> me;j

,lj;jpy; jd;id Kd;dpWj;jhky; ckH (uyp) mtHfis Ml;rpj; jiytH gjtpf;F Kd;dpWj;jpaJ fz;L csk;

G+hpj;jhHfs; mG+gf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;. myp (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ Raeyj;ijg; gw;wp ghuhky;> rKjhaj;jpd;

eyidNa Kd;dpWj;jpdhHfs;. vdNt> myp (uyp) mtHfs; gf;fk; jpUk;gpa mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; :

mypNa..! ePq;fs; kdpjHfspy; kpfr; rpwe;jtH> cq;fSf;F Kd;dH kw;wtHfs; vy;NyhUk; rhjhuzkhdtHfNs..!

ckH (uyp) mtHfSf;F Ms; mDg;gp itj;J> mtiu fyp/ghthf epakpj;jpUg;gjhf mwptpf;fr; nrhd;dhHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfNsh..> vdf;F ,jpnyy;yhk; tpUg;gkpy;iy vd;whHfs;. mjd; gpwF mG+gf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;

nrhd;dhHfs; :

Mdhy; nghWg;G cq;fSf;fhf fhj;jpUf;fpd;wNj. vdf;F mLj;jjhf kpfr; rpwe;j xUtiuj; NjHe;njLf;f

cjTkhW ,iwtid ehd; Ntz;bf; nfhz;Nld;> vdJ NjHT kf;fspd; xw;Wikia mbg;gilahfTk;> ,d;Dk;

K];ypk; ck;kj;jpd; typikf;fhTNk ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W Ntz;bf; nfhz;Nld;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfsJ rk;kjj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dH> ckH (uyp) mtHfis epakpg;gjw;fhd cj;juit jahH nra;Ak;gb

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfsplk; $wpdhHfs;.

cj;juTk; jahH nra;ag;gl;L tpl;lJ> jdJ kidtpahuhf m];kh (uyp) mtHfspd; cjtpNahL vOe;J fjtUNf

te;jhHfs;> mq;Nf $bapUe;j kf;fsplk; ciuahw;w Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. vdf;Fg; gpd;dH tuf; $ba Ml;rpahsuhf

ckH (uyp) mtHfis epakdk; nra;jpUf;fpd;Nwd; vd;W $wpaTld;> kf;fs; midtUk;.. mjid ehq;fs; Vw;Wf;

nfhz;Nlhk; vd;whHfs;.

nghJthd Kiwapy; mtHfsplk; rk;kjj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;ljd; gpd;dH> jdJ gLf;ifapy; gLj;Jf;

nfhz;ltuhf my;yh`;tplk; gpuhHj;jpf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs; :

,iwth..! vdJ kf;fSf;fpilNa fUj;JNtWghLfs; Vw;gl;L tplf; $lhJ vd;gij Kd;dpl;L> rKjhaj;jpd;

eyDf;fhfNt ,e;j Kbit ehd; vLj;Njd;. vdJ Nehf;fk; vd;dntd;gij ePNa mwpe;jtdhf ,Uf;fpd;wha;.

vdJ NjHT rpwg;ghf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpy; ehd; kpfTk; ftdkhfNt nray;gl;Nld;. ,iwth..!

K];ypk;fisg; ghJfhf;Fk; nghWg;ig cd;dplNk toq;Ffpd;Nwd;. ,iwth..! Ml;rpahsiu NeHtopapy;

elj;Jthahf..! ,iwth..! kpFe;j ,iwar;rkpf;f Ml;rpahsuhf mtiu eP Mf;Fthahf..> K];ypk;fSf;F

kj;jpapy; mikjpia epiyehl;LguthfTk; mtiu Mf;fpaUs;thahf..!

ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; mwpKfciu

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; gjtpNaw;Wf; nfhz;ljd; gpd;dH> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; gs;spapy; $bapUe;j kf;fis

Nehf;fp ciuahw;w Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. jdJ ciuapy; :

,iwek;gpf;if nfhz;ltHfNs..! mG+gf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; ,g;nghOJ ek;kplk; ,y;iy. mtH fle;j ,uz;L

tUlkhf topelj;jpa gpd;dH> jd;Dila ,iwtd; gf;fk; kPz;L tpl;lhH. nfhe;jspf;Fk; flYf;Fs; fg;giy kpfr;

rhJHakhfr; nrYj;jpf; fiu NrHj;J tpl;l khYkpiag; Nghy mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ gjtpf; fhyj;jpy;

kpfr; rpwg;ghf> ghJfhg;ghf ,e;j rKjhaj;ij top elj;jp tpl;Lr; nrd;wpUf;fpd;whHfs;. ngha;j;J}jHfSf;F

vjpuhd Nghiu kpfr; rpwg;ghf topelj;jpdhHfs;> mjw;F mtUf;F ed;wp $wpf; nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;> ,g;nghOJ

mNugpahtpy; jiyepkpHe;J ,];yhk; epd;W nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. ,];yhk; ehSf;F ehs; tsHr;rpaile;J nfhz;Nl

Nghfpd;wJ> ehk; ,g;nghOJ ig]he;jpak; kw;Wk; ghurPfg; NguuRfSf;F vjpuhf NghH njhLf;ff;

fhj;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk;.

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSf;Fg; gpd;dhy;> Ml;rp vd;w Rik vd; kPJ Rkj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;jg; gjtpia mile;J

Page 106: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

nfhs;tjw;fhf FWf;F topapid ehd; filgpbf;ftpy;iy vd;gjid ,iwtd; kPJ rj;jpakpl;Lr; nrhy;fpd;Nwd;.

vd;id tplr; rpwe;j NtW ahuhtJ ,e;jg; nghWg;ig Vw;Wf; nfhs;s khl;lhHfsh vd;Nw ehd; epidj;Njd;.

ek;Kila kf;fspd; eyid Kd;dpl;L> vd;kPJ nghWg;Gr; Rkj;jg;gl;L tpl;lJ> vd;Dila nghWg;igj; jl;bf;

fopj;J tpl;L Xl khl;Nld; vd;W cWjp $Wfpd;Nwd;> ,d;Dk; vd;dhy; ,ad;w tiu ,];yhkpa

topfhl;Ljy;fspd; fPo; vd;W vd;Dila nghWg;Gfis epiwNtw;WNtd; vd;W cWjp $Wfpd;Nwd;.

vd;Dila nghWg;gpid epHtfpg;gjw;F> ,iwkiwapypUe;J> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; tho;tpaypypUe;Jk;>

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfspd; topKiwfspypUe;Jk; ehd; topfhl;liyg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Ntd;. ,e;jg; gzpia nrt;tNd

epiwNtw;Wtjw;F cq;fSila cjtpia ehLfpd;Nwd;. ehd; NeHtopapy; nrd;why; vd;idg; gpd;gw;Wq;fs;. ehd;

NeHtopapypUe;J jtwpdhy;> vd;id newpg;gLj;Jq;fs;. vdNt> mjd; %yk; ehk; midtUk; topjtw khl;Nlhk;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; ciuapy;..>

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; vg;nghOJ fyp/gh vd;w Kiwapy; jdJ gzpfisf; ftdpf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfNsh> mg;nghOJ

jhd;..> jd;id kf;fis tpUk;Gtij tpl mjpfk; mr;rkiltij czHe;jhHfs;. mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfNsh

kpfTk; ,sfpa kdJilatuhf ,Ue;jhH. mtH vg;nghOnjy;yhk; kjPdj;Jj; njUf;fspy; ele;J tUfpd;whNuh

mg;nghOJ mq;fpUf;Fk; Foe;ijfs; mtiu Nehf;fpg; ghrkhf tyk; tuf; $batHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;. Mdhy;

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; fyp/ghthf Mdjd; gpd;dH> ckiuj; njUtpy; fz;lJk;..> X..> ckH tUfpd;whH..

vy;NyhUk; XLq;fs; vd;W rpWtHfs; mtiu tpl;Lk; tpuz;Nlhlf; $batHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; gjtpNaw;w Kjy; nts;spf; fpoik md;W gs;spapy; $bapUe;j kf;fis Nehf;fp ,t;thW

ciuahw;w Muk;gpj;jhHfs; :

rNfhjuHfNs..> kf;fs; vd;idf; Fwpj;J mr;rkiltjhf ehd; czHfpd;Nwd;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

tho;e;j fhyj;jpNyNa ckH kpfTk; fbdkhfNt ele;J nfhz;lhH> ,d;Dk; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ fhyj;jpYk;

$l fbd rpj;jKilatuhfNt ele;J nfhz;lhH> ,g;nghOJ mtNu fyp/ghthf Mfp tpl;lhH> ,dp mtH

ve;jsT ek;kplk; fbdkhf elg;ghNuh..> k;.. ,iwtd; jhd; mwpthd; vd;W kf;fs; Ngrp tUtij ehd;

nrtpkLf;fpd;Nwd;. vd;idg; gw;wp ePq;fs; mwpe;J itj;jpUg;gJ kpfTk; jtwhdJ> mt;thW epidg;gtHfspd;

epidg;Gk; jtwhdJ.

cz;ik vd;dntd;why;> ehd; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; gzpahsd;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kpfTk;

,uf;f FzKilatHfs;> nefpo;e;J nfhLj;Jg; Nghfpd;wHfs;> jhuhsj; jd;ik gilj;jtHfs;. mjw;F khw;wkhf>

ehNdh ciuapypUe;J ntspapnyLf;fg;gl;l jPl;lg;gl;l ths; Nghd;w fbdkhdtd;. me;j this jdf;Fj;

Njitg;gLk; nghOnjy;yhk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhHfs;. rpy Ntis mjidf;

nfhz;L ntl;l Ntz;baij ntl;bdhHfs;> ,d;Dk; rpy Ntisfspy; mjid gad;gLj;jpAk; nfhz;lhHfs;.

rpy Ntisfspy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; vd;Dila fUj;ij mq;fPfhpj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,d;Dk; rpy

Ntisfspy; vd;Dila fUj;ij epuhfhpj;jpUf;fpd;whHfs;. mtHfs; kuzkilAk; tiuf;Fk; ,e;jr; rkepiy

vdf;Fk; mtHfSf;Fk; kj;jpapy; ePbj;jJ. my;yh`;Tf;Nf ed;wpfs; chpj;jhfl;Lk;..! ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

vd;Dld; ey;yKiwapNyNa ele;J nfhz;lhHfs;. rpyNtisfspy; mtHfs; (]y;)> vd;Dila mwpTiuia

Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;> rpyNtisfspy; epuhfhpj;JkpUf;fpd;whHfs;> ,Ug;gpDk; mtHfs; mjpy; vdJ fUj;ij

kjpj;jhHfs;.

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ fhyj;jpYk; $l ,J njhlHe;jJ. mGgf;fH kpfTk; ,sfpa kdJilatH. xU

tptfhuj;jpd; kWgf;fj;ij mtUf;F ehd; Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;bNdd;. mtH vg;nghOJk; vd;Dila mwpTiuia

ghprPyidf;F vLj;Jf; nfhs;sf; $batuhf ,Ue;jhH> Mdhy; ,Wjp KbT mtH ifapy; jhd; ,Ue;jJ. rpy

Neuq;fspy; mtH vdJ fUj;ij mq;fPfhpj;jpUf;fpd;whH> rpy Ntisfspy; epuhfhpj;JkpUf;fpd;whH. mt;thwhd

rkaq;fspy; ehd; mikjp fhj;J te;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;. mtH thOk; fhyj;jpy; vd;Dila elj;ij Fwpj;J

jpUg;jpAw;wtuhfNt ,Ue;jhH> ,d;Dk; mtuJ thhprhf Ml;rpj; jiytuhf vd;id epakpj;jpUf;fpd;whH> ,e;jg;

gjtpia mile;J nfhs;tjw;fhf ehd; ve;jepiyapYk; FWf;F topapidf; filj;jtdpy;iy vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ KO epHthfKk; vd;Njhs;fspd; kPJ Rkj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ> vd;Dila rNfhjuHfNs..> ,e;j ckhpy;

ePq;fs; khw;wj;ijf; fhz;gPHfs;. ,dp vg;nghOJNk gpbthjkhfTk;> fbkhfTk; ehd; ,Uf;fg; Nghtjpy;iy. ahH

fbd rpj;jkhf mlf;FKiwahsdhf ele;J nfhs;fpd;whHfNsh> ,d;Dk; gpwuJ chpikfspd; kPJ

Page 107: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

ifitf;fpd;whHfNsh mtHfs; kPJ ehd; fbdkhfNt ele;J nfhs;Ntd;> ,d;Dk; ahH ahnuy;yhk; rl;lj;jpd;gb

tho;e;J> khHf;fj;jpw;F jd;id mw;gzpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;whHfNsh mtHfs; kPJ ehd; ,jkhfTk;> ,d;Dk;

nefpo;e;J nfhLj;Jk; ele;J nfhs;Ntd; vd;whHfs;.

tuk;GkPWfpd;wtHfis ehd; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;f khl;Nld;> ahH mlf;FKiwahf ele;J nfhs;fpd;whHfNsh..>

mtHfis ,iwNtjj;jpd; gf;fk; ,Oj;J tUNtd;. mt;thwhd mlf;FKiwahsHfs; kPJ ehd; fbdkhfNt

ele;J nfhs;Ntd;> Mdhy; gytPdkhdtHfSf;Fj; J}zhfTk;> jhq;Fk; tpOjhfTk; ,Ug;Ngd;. mj;jifNahHfs;

vd;idj; jq;fsJ rpwe;j ez;gdhff; fhz;ghHfs;.

NjhoHfNs..> vd;kPJ cq;fSf;Fr; rpy chpikfs; cs;sd> me;j chpikfs; vd;dntd;gij ehd; cq;fSf;F

mwptpf;fpd;Nwd;> mjd; %yk; vd;id ePq;fs; ,Wfg;gpbj;J> cq;fsJ chpikfisf; Nfl;Lg; ngwyhk;.

mitahtd :

Kjyhtjhf> rl;lj;jpw;F cl;glhj tifapy; ve;jtpj thpAk;> re;jhf;fSk; cq;fsplkpUe;J mwtplg;gl khl;lhJ.

,uz;lhtjhf> mt;thW ngwg;gLfpd;w thpfs; ahTk; cq;fsJ eyd;fSf;fhfNt nrytopf;fg;gLk;.

%d;whtjhf> cq;fsJ epyq;fisg; ghJfhg;gJ vd;gJ vd;kPjhd jtpHf;f Kbahj flikahFk;.

ehd;fhtjhf> cq;fsJ tskhd tho;Tf;fhf gzpahw;WtJk;> cq;fsJ eyd;fisg; NgZJk; vd;kPJs;s

flikahFk;.

Ie;jhtjhf> ePjpAld; ele;J nfhs;tJk; vd;kPJs;s flikahFk;.

my;yh`;tpd; ey;ybahHfNs..! my;yh`;tpw;F mQ;rpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. cq;fsJ Raeyd;fis %l;ilfl;b

itj;J tpLq;fs;> KO ck;kj;jpw;fhfTk; ghLgLq;fs;. ,e;j muirj; jpwk;gl elj;Jtjw;F ePq;fs;

midNthHfSk; gq;FjhuHfNs. cq;fsJ ey;y mwpTiufs; %yk; vdf;F cjTq;fs;. ehd; topjtwpdhy;

vd;id newpg;gLj;Jq;fs;. cq;fsJ Gj;jpkjpfs; kw;Wk; MNyhridfs; %yk; vd;idg; gyg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

,];yhj;jpd; xsp tPrpg; gpufhrpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W vz;zj;ij tsHj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

mkPUy; K/kpdPd;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,we;jjd; gpd;dH> fyp/ghthfg; nghWg;Ngw;Wf; nfhz;l mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfis

kf;fs; 'fyP/gj;JH u#y;" - mjhtJ '',iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; gpujpepjp"" vd;wiof;fg;gl;lhHfs;.

mG+gf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; ,we;jjd; gpd;dH Ml;rpg; nghWg;gpw;F te;j ckH (uyp) mtHfs; 'fyp/gh"

vd;wiof;fg;gl;lhHfs;> Mdhy; mtH ahUila gpujpepjp vd;w Nfs;tp njhf;fp epw;fpd;wJ. kpfr; rhpahfr; nrhy;y

Ntz;Lnkd;why;..> mtH ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; gpujpepjp fpilahJ. mtH 'fypgj;JH u#y;"

vd;wiof;fg;gl;lthpd; 'fyp/gh" gpujpepjpahthH.

ehd; fyp/gh vd;W vd;id mioj;Jf; nfhz;lhy; vdf;Fg; gpd;dhy; njhlHr;rpahf tuf; $ba midtUk;

'fyp/gh" vd;wiof;fg;gLthHfs;. ,J rhpay;y> ,Ug;gpDk; Ml;rpg; nghWg;Ngw;ff; $batUf;F> mtuJ

Ml;rpaikg;igg; gw;wp mwptjw;nfd;W xU milahsk; Njit vd;gij czHe;j ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> ,J

tpraj;jpy; jdf;F cjTkhW mq;fpUe;jtHfisf; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

xUehs; ygpj; gpd; uhgpM kw;Wk; mjp gpd; `hjpk; vd;w ,UtH $/ghtpypUe;J kjPdhtpw;F te;jhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; gs;spiag; ghHj;J mjprapj;J epd;w mtHfisf; fle;J mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp)

mtHfs; nrd;whHfs;. mtHfsplk; jq;fsJ tUifiag; gw;wp 'mkPUy; K/kpdPd;" mtHfsplk; njhptpj;J tpLkhW

te;jtHfs; $wpdhHfs;.

mtHfs; 'mkPUy; K/kpdPd;" vd;W ,yf;fpa eaj;Jld; $wpa me;j thHj;ij mk;Ug;Dy; M];(uyp) mtHfSf;Fg;

gpbj;J tpl;lJ. ygpj; kw;Wk; mjp MfpNahHfsplk; ,jid ehk; ckH (uyp) mtHfSf;Fr; #l;bdhy; vd;d> ,jd;

tpsf;fk; vd;d vd;whHfs;. mjw;F> 'ehk; midtUk; K];ypk;fs;..> K];ypk;fs; midtUk; K/kpd;fs;> ckNuh

K];ypk;fspd; jsgjpahf ,Uf;fpd;whH. vdNt mtH 'mkPUy; K/kpdPd;" vd;W tpsf;fkspj;jhHfs;.

cz;ikapNyNa kpfTk; mUikahd tpsf;fj;ijf; $wp vd; kdijf; ftHe;J tpl;BHfs;. ,iwtdpd; Mrp cq;fs;

kPJ cz;lhfl;Lkhf..!

clNd ckH (uyp) mtHfisf; fhzr; nrd;w mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfs;..> mkPUy; K/kpdPd; mtHfNs..!

Page 108: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

cq;fisf; fhz $/ghtpypUe;J ,UtH te;jpUf;fpd;whHfs;> cq;fisg; ghHf;f cq;fsJ mDkjpiaf;

Nfl;fpd;whHfs; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

'mkPUy; K/kpdPd;" vd;w thHj;ijiaf; Nfl;l khj;jpuj;jpNyNa> ,e;j thHj;ijia ePq;fs; fz;Lgpbj;jJ vt;thW

vd;W Mr;rhpaj;Jld; Nfl;lhHfs;. $/ghtpypUe;J te;jtHfs; jhd; ,e;j thHj;ijiaf; $wp cq;fisg; ghHf;f

mDkjp NfhhpdhHfs;> mtHfs; $wpa thrfk; vd;id kpfTk; ftHe;J tpl;lJ> vdNt mjid ehd; gad;gLj;jp

cq;fis 'mkPUy; K/kpdPd;" vd;wioj;Njd; vd;whHfs;.

ek;Kila gjtp Fwpj;J miog;gjw;fhf nghWj;jkhdnjhU thrfj;ijj; jhd; Njbf; nfhz;bUe;Njhk;. ,JNt

ey;yjhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,e;j thrfk; Fwpj;J ePq;fs; vd;d epidf;fpd;wPHfs; vd;W mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp)

mtHfisg; ghHj;J..> ckH (uyp) mtHfs; Nfl;lhHfs;.

,e;j thrfk; vd;id kpfTk; ftHe;J tpl;lJ..> ,iwtdhy; mUs; nra;ag;gl;lJ> ehkidtUk; K];ypk;fs;>

ePq;fs; vq;fsJ mkPH - jsgjp vd;whHfs;. ,d;Dk; ,e;j thrfk; kpfTk; ftHr;rpfukhfTk;>

Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;Wk; $wpdhHfs;.

gpd;dH> ,e;j thrfj;ijg; gad;gLj;JtJ Fwpj;J kf;fsplk; fye;jhNyhrpj;jhHfs; ckH (uyp) mtHfs;. kf;fSk;

mq;fPfhpf;fNt..> md;wpypUe;J ckH (uyp) mtHfis kf;fs; 'mkPUy; K/kpdPd;" vd;wiof;fyhdhHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; khjhe;jpu cjtpj;njhif

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; fyp/gh nghWg;gpid Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F Kd;ghf mtHfs; tpahghuk; nra;J mjd; %yk;

jd;Dila tho;f;ifj; Njitfis epiwT nra;J nfhz;lhHfs;. Mdhy;mtHfs; fyp/gh nghWg;gpid Vw;Wf;

nfhz;l ehs; Kjy; tpahghuj;jpy; <Lgl ,aytpy;iyahjyhy;> igj;Jy;khy; vd;w nghJepjpaj;jpypUe;J xU

Fwpg;gpl;l msT cjtpj; njhifiag; ngw;WtuyhdhHfs;. ,tHfSf;fhd cjtpj;njhifia vt;tsT epHzak;

nra;tJ vd;w MNyhrid Kd; itf;fg;gl;l nghOJ> myp (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;> kpfTk; trjp gilj;jtuJ

nrytpdq;fisg; NghyTk; my;yhky;> kpfTk; twpathpd; nrytpidg; NghyTk; my;yhky; eLepiyahdnjhU

njhifia epHzak; nra;Ak;gb mwpTiu gfHe;jhHfs;. kw;wtHfsJ fUj;Jf;fis tpl myp (uyp) mtHfspd;

fUj;J epiwthf ,Ue;jjhy;> mjid ckH (uyp) mtHfs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;> eLepiyahdnjhU njhif

epHzak; nra;ag;gl;lJ> Mdhy; vt;tsT vd;gij ve;j mwptpg;GfspYk; Fwpg;gplg;gltpy;iy.

gpd;dH fhyg; Nghf;fpy; ckH (uyp) mtHfSf;F toq;fg;gl;L tUfpd;w gbj;njhif Nghjhf;Fiwahf ,Ug;gij

czHe;j rpy egpj;NjhoHfs;..> myp (uyp)> c];khd; (uyp)> ]{igH (uyp) kw;Wk; jy;`h (uyp) MfpNahH> ,J

tp\aj;jpy; jiyapl;L ckH (uyp) mtHfSf;F toq;fg;gl;L tUfpd;w cjtpj;njhifia caHj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;w

vz;zk; nfhz;ldH. Mdhy;> ,e;j tp\aj;ij ckH (uyp) mtHfsplk; Neubahfj; njhptpf;fg; gae;jdH. vdNt>

,J tp\aj;jpy; ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; kfSk;> ,d;Dk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; kidtpAkhd md;id

`/g;]h (uyp) mtHfis jiyapLkhW NfhhpdhHfs;.

md;id `/g;]h (uyp) mtHfs; ,e;j tp\aj;ij ckH(uyp) mtHfsplk; vLj;Jr; nrhd;d nghOJ ckH (uyp)

mtHfs; fLikahd Nfhgk; nfhz;lhHfs;> mJkl;Lky;y ,jid cq;fsplk; njhptpj;jtHfs; ahH vd;gij

vdf;Fr; nrhy;Yq;fs; vd;Wk; Nfl;L tpl;lhHfs;.

gpd;dH ckH (uyp) mtHfs; md;id `/g;]h (uyp) mtHfisg; ghHj;J..> `/g;]hNt..> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfspd; cil vt;thwpUe;jJ vd;whHfs;.

mjw;F> ,uz;L N[hb cilfs; ,Ue;jd> mtw;wpy; rptg;G epw cilia [{k;M ehl;fspYk;> ,d;Dk;

ntspehl;Lj; J}JtHfs; tUk; nghOJ mtHfis tuNtw;fTk; mzpe;J nfhs;thHfs; vd;whHfs;.

gpd;dH> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; rhg;gpl;l kpfr; rpwe;j czT vJ vd;whHfs;.

mjw;F> rhjhuz NfhJik nuhl;bNa vd;whHfs;.

gpd;dH> mtHfs; tphpj;Jg;gLj;j kpfr; rpwe;j tphpg;G vd;d vd;whHfs;.

mjw;F> KulhdnjhU Jz;Lg; NghHit. Nfhil fhyj;jpy; mjid ehd;fhf kbj;J mjd; kPJ gLj;Jf;

nfhs;thHfs;> ,d;Dk; FspHfhyj;jpy; ,uz;lhf kbg;Gfis fPohfTk;> ,uz;L kbg;Gfis NghHitahfTk;

NghHj;jpf; nfhs;thHfs; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

,jidf; Nfl;l gpd;dH..> ckH (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; :

Page 109: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

`/g;]hNt..! ahH cq;fis mDg;gp itj;jhHfNsh mtHfsplk; nrd;W> xU kdpjd; vt;thW tho Ntz;Lk;

vd;gjw;fhd Kd;Djhuzj;ij ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; tpl;L tpl;Lj; jhd; nrd;Ws;shHfs; vd;W Ngha;r;

nrhy;Yq;fs;. mtiu ehd; gpd;gw;w tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. vd;DilaJk;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJk;> mGgf;fH

(uyp) mtHfsJk;..> Nehf;fq;fs; xd;Nw..> vq;fSf;fhd cjhuzk; vd;dntd;why; xNu ghijapd; gazpf;fpd;w

%d;W gazpfs; Nghd;wJ. KjyhtJ kdpjH fl;Lr; rhjdq;fSld; gazj;ij Muk;gpj;J> jdJ Fwpf;Nfhis

mile;J nfhz;lhH. ,uz;lhtJ kdpjUk; mt;thNw..> mtUk; jd;Dila Fwpf;Nfhis mile;J nfhz;lhH.

,g;nghOJ %d;whtjhf ehd; mNj gazj;ijj; njhlHe;Js;Nsd;. ckuhfpa ehd;..> mtHfs; nrd;w ghijapd;

topahfNt nrd;Nwndd;why; mtHfis ehd; mile;J nfhs;Ntd;> mt;thwpy;yhJ Nghdhy; mtHfis

vd;iwf;Fk; ehd; fz;L nfhs;s KbahJ vd;whHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfsJ ,e;jg; gjpiy md;id `/g;]h (uyp) mtHfs; me;jj; NjhoHfsplj;jpy; $wpa nghOJ..>

'',iwtd; ckUf;F mUs; ghypf;fl;Lk;. ,iwar;rj;jpy; vq;fs; vy;NyhiuAk; tpl mtHfs; Ke;jpf; nfhz;L

tpl;lhHfs;"" vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

mNugpahit tpl;L A+jHfSk;> fpwp];jtHfSk; ntspNaw;wg;gly;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kuzj; jUthia neUq;fpa nghOJ> muGg; gpuNjrk; KOtJk; K];ypk;fisf;

nfhz;lnjhU gpuNjrkhd kyu Ntz;Lk; vd;W Mir itj;jhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; tho;e;j

fhyj;jpy; muGf;Nfhj;jpuq;fs; gy ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;L tpl;ld. ifgHkw;Wk;> e[;uhd; gFjpfspy; kl;LNk

xUrpy fpwp];jtHfs; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;shky; ,Ue;jdH.

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpd; nghOJ> ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;l gy Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfs;

,];yhj;ij tpl;Lk; ntspNawpdH. mg;nghOJ ele;j Nghhpy; gy Nfhj;jpuq;fs; Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;L> mtHfs;kPz;Lk;

,];yhj;jpw;Fs; Eioe;J nfhz;lhHfs;. mtHfs; Ml;rp nra;j me;j FWfpa fhyj;jpy;..> A+jHfs; kw;Wk;

fpwp];jtHfspilNa ey;ypzf;fj;ij njhlHe;Jk; filgpbj;J te;jhHfs;.

mg;nghOJ ele;j Nghhpy; ifgH ntw;wp nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. mjd; gpd; A+jHfs; K];ypk;fsplk; nra;J nfhz;l

xg;ge;jj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;> A+jHfs; tpistpf;fpd;w jhdpaq;fspy; ghjpia ,];yhkpa muRf;F toq;fp tpLtJ

vd;Wk;> Njitg;gLk; Neuj;jpy; ifgiu K];ypk;fsplj;jpy; jpUg;gp xg;gilg;gJ vd;W me;j xg;ge;jj;jpy;

KbthfpaJ.

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; Ml;rpg; nghWg;gpw;F te;jjd; gpd;dH xUKiw jd;Dila kfd; mg;Jy;yh mtHfis

ifgUf;F mDg;gp itj;J> A+jHfsplkpe;J thpg; gzj;ij t#y; nra;J tUkhW mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ

ifgUf;F te;j mg;Jy;yh (uyp) mtHfs;> xU tPl;Lf; $iuapd; fPo; gLj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ A+jHfs; rjp

nra;J mtuJ gLf;ifia fPNo js;sp tpl;L fhaNkw;gLj;jp tpl;lhHfs;. ,e;j tof;if Ma;T nra;j ckH (uyp)

mtHfs; A+jHfs; nfhiyr; rjpapy; <Lgl;bUe;jij mwpe;J ifgiu tpl;Lk; A+jHfs; kw;Wk; fpwp];jtHfis

ntspNaWk;gb cj;ju tpl;lhHfs;. mirAk; nrhj;Jf;fis kl;Lk; mtHfSld; vLj;Jr; nry;y mDkjpj;j ckH

(uyp) mtHfs;> mirahr; nrhj;Jf;fis mq;Fs;s K];ypk;fsplj;jpy; gq;fpl;L tpl;lhHfs;.

,d;Dk;> akd; Njrj;jpw;F mUfpy; ,Ue;j e[;uhd; gpuNjrj;jpy; tho;e;J te;j fpwp];jtHfs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfsplk; nra;J nfhz;l xg;ge;jj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;> ve;jtpj vjpH eltbf;iffspYk; fpwp];jtHfs; <Lglhj

tiuf;Fk; mtHfis mq;F jq;fp tho;e;J tUtjw;F mDkjp toq;fpdhHfs;. ,d;Dk; ,e;j rl;lj;jpd;

mbg;gilapy; 'tl;b"iaAk; mq;F jil nra;jpUe;jhHfs;. Mdhy; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; Ml;rpf;F te;jjd; gpd;dH>

mq;F tho;e;j fpwp];jtHfs; ,];yhj;jpw;F vjpuhd eltbf;iffspy; <LgLtJld;> tl;b Kiw mtHfsplj;jpy;

Gsq;fp tUtijAk; mwpe;J nfhz;lhHfs;.

mtHfisr; re;jpf;f te;j fpwp];jt gpujpepjpfsplk;> nra;J nfhz;l xg;ge;jj;ij ePq;fs; kPwp tpl;BHfs; vd;W

ep&gpj;j gpd;dH> mtHfis mq;fpUe;J ntspNaw;wp <uhf; mUfpy; trpj;Jf; nfhs;s cj;juT gpwg;gpj;jhHfs;.

mtHfSk; A+jHfisg; NghyNt mirAk; nrhj;Jf;fis kl;LNk vLj;Jr; nry;y mDkjpf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. mirahr;

nrhj;Jf;fis tpl;L tpl;Lr; nry;Yk;gb gzpf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. mirahr; nrhj;Jf;fs; midj;Jk; ,];yhkpa

muRilikahf;fg;gl;L tpl;ld.

e[;uhdpypUe;J ntspNawp mfjpfshf tUk; fpwp];jtHfSf;F KOikahd xj;Jiog;G toq;fp mtHfs; mq;F

jq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;fhd KO Vw;ghLfisAk; nra;Ak;gb <uhf; ftHdUf;F cj;juT xd;iwAk; ckH (uyp) mtHfs;

Page 110: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; Kjy; ,uz;L Mz;LfSf;F kl;Lk; [p];ah vd;w thpapypUe;J tpyf;Fk;

fpwp];jtHfSf;F mspf;fg;gl;lJ.

A+jHfSk;> fpwp];jtHfSk; mNugpahtpypUe;J ntspNaw;wg;gl;ljd; gpd;dH> mNugpah KOtJk; K];ypk;fis kl;LNk

nfhz;lnjhU Njrkhf khwp tpl;lJ. ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;rpapd; nghOJ jhd; mNugpah KOikahd K];ypk;

gpuNjrkhf khwpa tuyhw;Wr; rhjidiag; gilf;fg;gl;lJ.

r%f tptfhuq;fspy; ,];yhkpa eltbf;iffs;

juhtP`; njhOif

ukshd; khjq;fspy; ,\hj; njhOiff;Fg; gpd;dH> mjpfg;gbahd njhOiffis ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

njhOJ te;jhHfs;. xUehs; ,uT ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,\h Kbe;jgpd;Dk; njhOJ nfhz;bUg;gijg;

ghHj;j mtuJ NjhoHfs;> mtHfSk; NrHe;J njhoyhdhHfs;. mLj;j ehSk; ,\hj; njhOiff;Fg; gpd;dH

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; njhoyhdhHfs;> Ke;ija ehis tpl mjpfkhd NjhoHfs; $lyhdhHfs;.

%d;whtJ ehs;..> njhlu..> NjhoHfs; ,d;Dk; mjpfkhd mstpy; $lyhdhHfs;. ehd;fhtJ ehSk;.. ,d;Dk;

mjpfg;gbahd NjhoHfs; $baJld; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNsh md;iwa ,uTj; njhOifia gs;spapy;

njhohky; tPl;bw;Fr; nrd;W tpl;lhHfs;. ,t;thwhf rpy ehl;fs; ePbj;jJld;> ,uTj; njhOiff;F te;j

NjhoHfspd; vz;zpf;ifAk; Fiwe;J tuyhapw;W. xUehs; kPz;Lk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;..> ,\hj;

njhOiff;Fg; gpd;dH ,uTj; njhOifia njhoyhdhHfs;.

mg;nghOJ..> Kjypy; njhOJ nfhz;bUe;j ePq;fs; gpd;dH ,il epWj;jpdPHfs;. ,g;nghOJ kPz;Lk;

njhOfpd;wPHfNs vd;W NjhoHfs; tpdtpa nghOJ..> mt;thW ehd; njhlHe;J njhOk;gl;rj;jpy; mJ vdJ

ck;kj;jtHfspd; kPJ fl;lhakhfj; njho Ntz;ba fl;lhakhdjhfp tpLk;. mt;thW njho Ntz;baJ fl;lhak;

vd;w rl;lkhfp tpLnkdpy;> mJ fl;lhakhfp tpLtNjhL> vdJ rKjhaj;jtHfSf;F kpfTk; gSthdjhf Mfp

tpLk; vd;W gjpy; $wpdhHfs;. mjd; gpd;dH te;j ukshd; ehl;fspy; tpUk;gpatHfs; ,uTj; njhOifiaj;

njhOjhHfs;> VidNahHfs; Xa;Tf;fhf tPl;bw;Fr; nrd;W tplyhdhHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy;> Vuhskhd K];ypk;fs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; gs;spapy; ,uTj;

njhOifia njhOJ tuyhdhHfs;. xt;nthU egUk; mtH tpUg;gg;gl;lgb> vz;zpf;if ,j;jid vd;W

,y;yhky; tpUk;gpathW njhOJ nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. vdNt> jdpj;jdpahf njhOJ nfhz;bUe;j epiyia khw;wp>

$l;Lj; njhOifahfTk;>,d;Dk; mNj Neuj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;l ,j;jid uf;mj; Jfs; vd;Wk; epHzapj;J tpLtJ

vd;W ckH (uyp) mtHfs; KbntLj;jhHfs;. mjd;gb Vida NjhoHfsplk; fye;jhNyhrid nra;J tpl;L>

ukshd; khjq;fspy; ,\hj; njhOiff;Fg; gpd;dH ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; njhOJ fhl;ba ,uTj;

njhOifia> $l;lhf - [khj;jhf epiwNtw;Wk;gbAk;> ,d;Dk; ,J ahH kPJk; fl;lhakhf epiwNtw;wpl Ntz;ba

flikahdJky;y vd;Wk;> vtHfs; tpUk;Gfpd;whHfNsh mtHfs; fye;J nfhs;syhk; vd;Wk; mNugpah KOtJk;

mwptpg;Gr; nra;jhHfs;. ,e;j mwptpg;Gf;F rpyhplk; vjpHg;Gfs; te;j NghjpYk;> K];ypk;fspd; eyid Kd;dpl;Nl

,e;j eltbf;if vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,d;Dk; ,J ahH kPJk; fl;lhakhd flikay;y> jdpj;jdpahf epd;W

njhOtij tpl xU ,khkpd; fPo; epd;W njhOtJ rpwe;jJ vd;w mbg;gilapy; njhOtJ rpwe;jJ vd;W

tpsf;fkspj;jhHfs;.

,d;Dk; ,jidNa ,d;iwf;F juhtP`; njhOif vd;wiof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

ckH (uyp) mtHfSk;> FHMDk;

jpUkiwf; FHMdhdJ 23 tUl fhykhf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F t`pahf - Ntj ntspg;ghlhf

,iwtdhy; mUs; nra;ag;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. vg;nghOnjy;yhk; ,iwkiwf; FHMdpd; trdq;fisg; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;fpd;whHfNsh> mjid vOj;jHfsplk; mwptpj;J mjid Njhy;> kug;gl;il> vYk;G> fw;fs; Nghd;wtw;wpy;

vOjp itj;Jf; nfhs;SkhW cj;jutpLthHfs;.

mt;thW Ntjntspg;ghl;il vOJfpd;w gzpapy; jd;id Kd;dpWj;jpf; nfhz;ltH> i]j; gpd; jhgpj; (uyp)

MthHfs;. Vuhskhd egpj;NjhoHfs; jpUkiwf; FHMd; KOtijAk; kddk; nra;jpUe;jhHfs;. mt;thW vOjg;gl;l

FHMdpDila trdq;fis ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jd;dplk; ghJfhg;ghf itj;jpUe;jhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; tho;e;j fhyj;jpy; njhlHr;rpahf ,iwkiw trdq;fs; ,wq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;j

Page 111: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

fhuzj;jhy;> mtw;iw njhFf;f ,ayhjpUe;jJ. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,we;j gpd;dH> FHMidj;

njhFf;f Ntz;ba fl;lhak; Vw;gl;lJ.

Vnddpy; akhkh Nghhpd; nghOJ> FHMid kddk; nra;jpUe;j gy egpj;NjhoHfs; nfhy;yg;gl;L tpl;lhHfs;.

,t;thwhf njhlHe;J FHMid kddk; nra;jpUf;Fk; NjhoHfs; kuzj;ijj; jOtpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;gl;rj;jpy;>

FHMidg; ghJfhg;gJ vd;gJ kpfTk; fbdkhd fhhpakhfp tpLk; vd;W ckH (uyp) mtHfs; czHe;jhHfs;.

,d;Dk; ehl;fs; nry;yr; nry;y $l;ly;> Fiwj;jy;fs; Vw;gl;L tplTk; tha;g;Gs;sJ vd;gijAk; czHe;jhHfs;.

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; Ml;rpg; nghWg;gpy; ,Ue;j nghOJ> FHMid xUq;fpizf;f Ntz;bajd; mtrpak; Fwpj;J

fyp/gh mtHfsplk; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; vLj;Jf; $wpa nghOJ> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

Kd;ndLf;fhjnjhU gzpia ehd; Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;y tpUk;gtpy;iy vd;W mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; kWj;J

tpl;lhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; tho;e;j fhyj;jpy;> njhlHr;rpahf ,iwtrdq;fs; ,wq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;j

fhuzj;jhy; mtw;iw Kiwahfj; njhFf;Fk; re;jHg;gk; fpl;ltpy;iy. Mdhy; ,g;nghOJ epiyik tpghPjkhfpf;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ> ,g;nghOJ ehk; mjidj; njhFf;fhJ tpl;lhy; gpd;dH FHMd; Mgj;Jf;Fs;shfp tpLk; vd;W

jdJ fUj;ij mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsplk; typAWj;jp te;jhHfs; ckH (uyp) mtHfs;. ckH (uyp) mtHfspd;

,e;jf; fUj;J mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSf;F Vw;Gilajhf ,Ue;jJ. kpfg; gpugykhd egpj;NjhoHfsplk;

fye;jhNyhrid nra;J tpl;L> ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; fUj;ij fyp/gh mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; Vw;Wf;

nfhz;lhHfs;. mjd;gbNa> FHMidj; njhFf;Fk; gzp KLf;fp tplg;gl;lJ.

,e;j khngUk; gzpia FHMidg; gjpT nra;Ak; nghWg;ig Vw;wpUe;j i]j; gpd; jhgpj; (uyp) mtHfsplk;

xg;gilf;fg;gl;lJ.

,jidf; Nfl;l khj;jpuj;jpy;> xU kiyia mjd; ,lj;jpypUe;J efHj;jp itf;f ePq;fs; cj;jutpl;bUg;gpd; mJ

vdf;F kpf vspjhf ,Ue;jpUf;Fk;> Mdhy; FHMdpd; trdq;fis xUq;fpizf;Fk; gzpia vd;kPJ

Rkj;jg;gl;bUg;gJ vdf;F kpfTk; ghuhkhdnjhU gzpahf ,Uf;Fk; vd;W fUj;Jiuj;jhHfs; i]j; gpd; jhgpj;

(uyp) mtHfs;. cq;fsJ ,e;jg; gzp kpf;f rpukkpf;f gzp vd;gij ehq;fs; mwpNthk;> ,Ug;gpDk; ve;j tpiy

nfhLf;fg;gbDk; mLj;J tUk; re;jjpfSf;F FHMid ehk; njhFj;J toq;fp tpl;Lr; nry;y Ntz;Lk;. vdNt>

KO Kaw;rpAld; ,jpy; <LgLq;fs; vd;W mtUf;F ckH (uyp) mtHfs; MHt%l;bdhHfs;.

vdNt> ahnuy;yhk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplkpe;J ,iwtrdq;fisr; nrtpkLj;jpUf;fpd;wPHfNsh> ePq;fs;

nrtpkLj;j trdj;ij te;J xg;gilf;FkhW nghJ mwptpg;G tplg;gl;lJ. xt;nthU trdk; xg;gilf;fg;gLk;

nghOJk;> me;j trdj;ijf; Nfl;l rhl;rpaq;fshf ,uz;L rhl;rpaq;fSk; xg;gilf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk;

mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ. FHMd; trdq;fisj; jpul;bajd; gpd;dH ckH (uyp) mtHfs; cWg;gpduhf ,Uf;f> xU FO

xd;W mjid Nkw;ghHit nra;a epakpf;fg;gl;lJ. ]mj; gpd; my; M]; (uyp) mtHfSk;> i]j; gpd; jhgpj; (uyp)

mtHfSk; vOj;jHfshf epakpf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. ,jid Nkw;ghHit nra;Ak; fkpl;bapy; ckH (uyp) mtHfSk;

xUtuhf ,Ue;jhHfs;.

FHMid xUq;fpizf;Fk; gzp ,dpNj epiwNtwpaTld;> mjid mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; Nkyha;T nra;jhHfs;>

,Wjp mjid mq;fPfhpj;J jd;Dila nrhe;jg; nghWg;gpy; itj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,e;j Gdpjkpf;f jpUkiwf;

FHMdpd; xUq;fpizg;igj;jhd;..> 'K];`g/g;" vd;wiof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;rpg; nghWg;Ngw;wpUe;j nghOJ> FHMid gug;Gtjpy; kpfTk; MHtk; fhl;bdhHfs;.

FHMid kddk; nra;jtHfspd; vz;zpf;if ngUfpaJ. mJ Fiwfspd;wpg; ghJfhf;fg;gl;lJ.

ckH (uyp) mtHfsJ Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; Njrnkq;Fk; E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd gs;spfs; Jtq;fg;gl;L FHMidf; fw;Wf;

nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jw;nfd;W fw;wwpe;j cykhf;fs; NjHT nra;ag;gl;L MrphpaHfshf epakdk; nra;ag;gl;lhHfs;>

mtHfSf;F ey;y rk;gsKk; toq;fg;gl;lJ.

mt;thW ed;F fw;wwpe;J FHMid kddk; nra;jpUe;j gy NjhoHfis njhiy J}u CHfSf;F mDg;gp

itf;fg;gl;L> mq;Fs;s kf;fSf;F FHMidg; gapw;Wtpf;f Vw;ghLfisr; nra;jhHfs; ckH (uyp) mtHfs;. KMj;

gpd; [gy; (uyp)> ,ghjh gpj; ]hkpj; (uyp)> kw;Wk; mG+jHjh (uyp) Nghd;NwhHfs; mt;thW mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;l

NjhoHfspy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;ftHfshthHfs;. ,ghjh gpd; ]hkpj; (uyp) mtHfis '`pk;];" gFjpf;Fk;> mG+jHjh (uyp)

mtHfis lkh];f]; gFjpf;Fk;> KMj; ,g;D [gy; (uyp) mtHfis n[U]yk; gFjpf;Fk; mDg;gp

Page 112: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

itf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. mG+jHjh (uyp) mtHfs; lkh];f]; efhpy; cs;s [hkpM k];[pjpy; FHMd; tFg;G vLj;j

nghOJ> mq;F te;J fye;J nfhz;L ,];yhkpa mwpitg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l khztHfspd; vz;zpf;if 1600 Mf

,Ue;jJ vd;W mwptpg;Gfs; $Wfpd;wd.

FHMid gug;Gtjpy; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; mjpf rpuj;ij vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;. K];ypk;fs; Fiwe;jJ Ie;J

#uhf;fisahtJ kddk; nra;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;. FHMid fw;Wf; nfhs;gtHfSf;F

rpwg;G rYiffs; toq;fg;gl;ld. FHMid Xjp> mjd; fl;lisfis epidtpy; itj;jpUf;FkhW jdJ

,uhZtj;jpdUf;F ckH (uyp) mtHfs; MizNa gpwg;gpj;jpUe;jhHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; kpfTk; cr;rhpg;Gld; Xjf; $ba gof;fj;ijf; fw;wwpe;jpUe;jhHfs;. 'ePq;fs; ve;jsT

cr;rhpg;Gld; Xjf; fw;Wf; nfhz;BHfNsh> mjd;gbNa kw;wtHfSf;Fk; fw;Wf; nfhLq;fs;" vd;W FHMd;

MrphpaHfSf;F ckH (uyp) mtHfs; mwpTWj;jpdhHfs;.

FHMidf; fw;Wf; nfhLg;gJld;> mugp nkhopiaAk;> ,d;Dk; mjd; ,yf;fpaj; jd;ikiaAk; NrHj;Jf;

fw;gpf;FkhW ckH (uyp) mtHfs; mwpTWj;jpdhHfs;. mjd; %yk; fw;Wf; nfhs;gtHfs; FHMdpd; cr;rhpg;G

Kiwia kpfTk; njspthf tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s KbAk;> jtwhd cr;rhpg;GfspypUe;J tpLgl KbAk; vd;Wk;

$wpdhHfs;.

mugp nkhop eilia mwpahj ahUk; FHMidf; fw;Wf; nfhLf;Fk; gzpia ifapy; vLj;Jf; nfhs;sf; $lhJ

vd;W ckH (uyp) mtHfs; cj;juNt ,l;bUe;jhHfs; vd;gjpypUe;J> FHMid kf;fsplk; ve;jsT cr;rhpg;Gj;

J}a;ikAld; nfhz;L Ngha;r; NrHf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W mtHfs; Mty; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs; vd;gij tpsq;fpf;

nfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ.

ckH (uyp) mtHfSk;> gs;spthry;fSk;

ckH (uyp) mtHfsJ fhyj;jpy; njhlHr;rpahf ,];yhkpag; gpuNjrq;fs; tsHr;rpaile;J nfhz;bUe;jd> mt;thW

tsHr;rp fhZk; gpuNjrq;fspy; vy;yhk; gs;spthry;fs; fl;lg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W ckH (uyp) mtHfs; cj;juT

gpwg;gpj;jhHfs;.

GjpjhfNt epHkhzpf;fg;gl;l efuq;fshd $/gh> g]uh Mfpatw;wpd; kj;jpapy; [{k;Mg; gs;spthriyAk;> ,d;Dk;

xt;nthU Nfhj;jpuj;jhhpDila gFjpfspy; rpWrpW gs;spfSk; fl;lg;gl;ld. ,t;thwhf ckH (uyp) mtHfsJ

fhyj;jpy; kl;Lk; 4000 gs;spthry;fs; rpwpJk; nghpJkhff; fl;lg;gl;ld.

739 k; Mz;by; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; kf;fhtpy; cs;s f/gh gs;spthriyAk; tp];jhpj;Jf; fl;l Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

mjw;fhf mjid mLj;Js;s tPLfs; tpiyf;F thq;fg;gl;L> ,bf;fg;gl;ljd; gpd;dH me;j ,lq;fspy; gs;sp

tp];jhpf;fg;gl;lJ. Kd;G gs;spapd; RtHfspy; tpsf;Ffs; Vw;wg;gltpy;iy. Kjd;Kiwahf ckH (uyp) mtHfsJ

Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; gs;spapDs; tpsf;F Vw;wp itf;fg;gl;lJ.

Kd;G f/ghitr; Rw;wp fl;lg;gl;Ls;s Jzp rhjhuz Jzpapdhy; MdJ. gpd;dH mjw;fhf gpuj;Nafkhd Jzpahy;

nea;ag;gl;L> vfpg;jpypUe;J tutiof;fg;gl;lJ.

kf;fhtpy; Gdpj `uk; gFjpiag; gphpj;J mitfisg; Gdpjg;gFjpfshf mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ. mjhtJ xU jpiria

Nehf;fp %d;W iky;fs; msTk;> ,d;Dk; Vida gFjpfspy; VO iky;fs; msTk; mstplg;gl;l> mjw;F

,ilg;gl;l gFjpfis Gdpjg; gFjpfshf mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ.mjid milahsg;gLj;j milahsf; fw;fSk;

Cz;wg;gl;ld> mtw;Wf;F 'md;]g;" vd;Wk; ngahplg;gl;lJ.

f/ghtpidg; NghyNt kjpdhtpy; cs;s ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ gs;spthrYk; tp];jhpf;fg;gl;lJ. mjidr;

Rw;wpAs;s tPLfis tpiyf;F thq;fp mtw;iw ,bj;J tpl;L> me;jg; gFjpfspy; tp];jhpg;G nra;ag;gl;lJ.

mt;thW ifg;gw;w epyq;fspy; mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfSf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd epyKk; ,Ue;jJ. murhdJ kf;fspd;

nrhj;Jf;fis tpUg;gkpd;wp ifg;gw;wf; $lhJ vd;W vjpHg;Gj; njhptpj;J ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; murpd; kPNj

mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfs;> ciga;apg;D f/G (uyp) mtHfspd; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; tof;Fj; njhlHe;jhHfs;. tof;fpd; jPHg;G

muRf;F vjpuhf ,Ue;jJ. jPHg;ig Vw;Wf; nfhz;l ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfspd; epyj;ijj;

jpUk;g xg;gilj;jhHfs;. mjd; gpd;dH mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfs; tpUg;gj;Jld; mjid gs;spthrYf;Nf md;gspg;Gr;

nra;J tpl;lhHfs;> mjid kpfTk; ngUe;jd;ikahf ckH (uyp) mtHfs; Vw;Wk; nfhz;lhHfs;. mjw;Fg; gpujpaPL

nra;Ak; tpjkhf> mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfSf;nfd xU tPl;ilAk; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; md;gspg;Gr; nra;jhHfs;.

Page 113: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

tp];jhpg;gpd; fhuzkhf> gs;spahdJ ePs thf;fpy; 100 kPl;lhpypUe;J 140 kPl;luhfTk;> ,d;Dk; mfythf;fpy; 60

ypUe;J 80 mbahfTk; tsHe;jJ.

gs;spthrYf;Fs; Kjd; Kjyhf tpsf;F Vw;wp itj;jtUk; mtNu. ,d;Dk; gs;spthrYf;F eWkzg;Gif

NghLtijAk; mtNu Muk;gpj;J itj;jhH. gs;spapd; jiufs; rPH nra;ag;gl;L> mtw;wpy; gha;fs; tphpf;fg;gl;ld.

`p[;hp fhyz;lH

mkPUy; K/kpdPd; mtHfNs..> cq;fsplkpUe;J njhlHe;J vq;fSf;Ff; fl;lisfs; te;J nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpd;wd>

Mdhy; me;j cj;juTf; fbjq;fspy; Njjpfs; Fwpg;gplg;gltpy;iy> rpyNtisfspy; fbjj;jpy; cs;s thrfq;fs;

xd;Wf;F xd;W Kuz;gLfpd;wd> vdNt mtw;wpy; vJ Ke;ijaJ> vJ gpe;ijaJ vd;w Fog;gk; ePbf;fpd;wJ>

cq;fsJ cj;juTfis rhptug; Ghpe;J nfhs;s ,aytpy;iy vd;W g]uhtpd; ftHduhf ,Ue;j mG+ %]h my;

m\;mhp (uyp) mtHfs; xU fbjj;ij ckH (uyp) mtHfSf;F vOjpdhHfs;.

g]uhtpd; ftHduJ re;Njfk; ckH (uyp) mtHfisr; rpe;jpf;f itj;jJ. mNjNeuj;jpy; akd; Njrj;jpypUe;J

\/ghd; khjk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;lnjhU gzk; te;jpUe;jJ. rhp..> mg;gb vd;why; ,dp fbjq;fspy; khjj;ijf;

Fwpg;gplyhk; vd;why;..> mJ ,e;j tUlj;jpy; cs;sjh..> my;yJ mLj;j tUlj;jpajh vd;w re;Njfj;ijAk;

cUthf;fp tpLNk vd;W rpe;jpj;jhHfs;. clNd> NjhoHfspd; cjtpia ehb ,J Fwpj;J mtHfsplk; MNyhrid

elj;jpdhHfs;.

rpyH NuhkHfspd; KiwiaAk;> ,d;Dk; rpyH ghurPf Kiwg;gbAk; fhyz;lH cUthf;fpf; nfhs;syhk; vd;whHfs;.

Mdhy; ckH (uyp) mtHfNsh.> ehk; K];ypk;fs;..> K];ypk;fSf;nfd;W xU ehl;fhl;b Ntz;Lk; vd;whHfs;.

rhp..> ek;Kila jrhg;jk; vg;nghOjpypUe;J Jtq;Ffpd;wJ? vd;W $Wq;fs; vd;whHfs; ckH (uyp) mtHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; gpwe;j jpdj;jpypUe;J vd;W xUrpyH $wpdhHfs;. ,d;Dk; rpyH ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs; kuz ehspypUe;J vd;whHfs;. mg;nghOJ myp (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;> K];ypk;fspDila kWkyHr;rp

vd;gJ kf;fhtpypUe;J kjPdhtpw;F `p[;uj; Gwg;gl;l ehspypUe;J Muk;gkhfpd;wJ vd;whHfs;> myp (uyp)

mtHfspDila ,e;j MNyhrid Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ugpa;Ay; mt;ty; khjk; jdJ `p[;uj;ij Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. mt;thnwd;why;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; `p[;uj; Gwg;gl;l nghOJ me;j Mz;bd; ,uz;L khjq;fSk; vl;L ehl;fSk; fle;J

tpl;bUe;jd. rhp..> `p[;hpiaf; fzf;F itj;J Mz;L vd;why;> khjq;fspy; ve;j khjj;jpid Kjy; khjkhff;

Fwpg;gJ vd;w Fog;gk; Muk;gkhdJ.

rpyH u[g; khj;jpypUe;J Muk;gkhf Ntz;Lk; vd;whHfs;> rpyH ukshd; khjk; Gdpjkpf;fJ> vdNt mjpypUe;J

Muk;gkhf Ntz;Lk; vd;whHfs;> rpyH `[; Gdpjkpf;fJ mjpypUe;J jhd; Jtq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;whHfs;.

c];khd; (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;..> mNugpahtpy; Gj;jhz;L vd;gJ K`Huk; khjj;jpypUe;J jhd;

Jtq;Ffpd;wJ vd;whHfs;. c];khd; (uyp) mtHfsJ MNyhrid Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

md;wpypUe;J Gj;jhz;bd; Kjy; khjkhf K`Huk; mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ. `p[;hp fhyz;lH KiwAk; cUthdJ. gpd;dH

,e;j KbT midj;Jg; gpuNjrq;fSf;Fk; mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ.

ckH (uyp) mtHfSk;> kJTk;

md;iwa muGf;fsplk; Fbg;gof;fk; vd;gJ rHt rhjhuzkhf ,Ue;J te;jJ. mjpYk; Fwpg;ghf Fiw\paHfsplk;

,e;jg; gof;fk; mjpfk; fhzg;gl;lJ. md;iwa mwpahikf; fhyj;jpy; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; $l Fbg;gof;fk;

cilatuhfNt ,Ue;jhHfs;. vg;nghOJ ckH (uyp) mtHfs; ,];yhj;ijj; jd;Dila tho;tpay; newpahf

Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfNsh mg;nghOjpypUe;J Fbg;gof;fj;ij epWj;jp tpl;lhHfs;> kJit Kw;wpYk; mtHfs;

mUe;Jtjpy;iy. ckH (uyp) mtHfs; kpfr; rpwe;j rpe;jidahsH. Fbg; gof;fk; vd;gJ xUtUila tho;f;ifg;

Nghf;ifNa khw;wp tpLtNjhL> mtuJ flikfs; kw;Wk; nghWg;Gf;fspypUe;Jk; $l mtiuj; jLkhw itj;J

tpLfpd;wJ> vdNt mjidj; jil nra;tjw;fhd ,iwtDila mwptpg;G xd;W tuhjh vd;W ckH (uyp) mtHfs;

rpe;jpf;fyhdhHfs;. ,J Fwpj;J ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; $l typAWj;jpAk; te;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ

kjpdhtpy; fPo;f;fz;l ,iwtrdj;ij ,iwtd; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F mUspdhd; :

(egpNa!) kJghdj;ijAk;> #jhl;lj;ijAk; gw;wp mtHfs; ck;kplk; Nfl;fpd;wdH; ePH $Wk;; ''mt;tpuz;bYk; ngUk;

Page 114: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

ghtk; ,Uf;fpwJ. kdpjHfSf;F (mtw;wpy; rpy) gyd;fSKz;L. Mdhy; mt;tpuz;bYk; cs;s ghtk;

mt;tpuz;bYk; cs;s gyidtplg; nghpJ."" (2:219)

Nkw;fz;l trdk; ,wq;fpaJ gw;wp ckH (uyp) mtHfSf;F ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; vLj;Jf; $wpdhHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; :

',iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNs..! ,J NghjhJ> kJit Kw;wpYk; jil nra;tjw;fhd tpNr\ rl;lk; ,wq;fpaUs

gpuhHj;jpAq;fs;" vd;W Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

gpd;dH> rpwpJ fhyk; fopj;J kPz;Lk; ,d;DnkhU ,iwtrdk; ,wq;fpaUsg;gl;lJ> mjhtJ :

<khd; nfhz;NlhNu! kJghdKk;> #jhl;lKk;> fw;rpiyfis topgLjYk;> mg;Gfs; vwpe;J Fwp Nfl;gJk;>

i\j;jhdpd; mUtUf;fj;jf;f nray;fspYs;sitahFk;; MfNt ePq;fs; ,tw;iwj; jtpHj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs; -

mjdhy; ePq;fs; ntw;wpailtPHfs;. (5:90)

Nkw;fz;l ,iwtrdk; mUsg;gl;ljd; gpd;dH> mjid ckH (uyp) mtHfsplk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

njhpag;gLj;jpdhHfs;> Mdhy; ,e;j trdk; Fwpj;J ckH (uyp) mtHfSf;F ,d;Dk; jpUg;jpNaw;gltpy;iy.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNs..! ,e;jr; rl;lj;jpy; Neubahd jiliaf; fhz Kbatpy;iy. vdNt> kJit

Neubahfj; jil nra;Ak; msTf;F rl;lk; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl gpuhHj;jid nra;Aq;fNsd; vd;W Nfl;Lf;

nfhz;lhHfs;. mjd; gpd;dH fPo;fz;l trdk; ,wq;fpaJ :

epr;rakhf i\j;jhd; tpUk;Gtnjy;yhk;> kJghdj;ijf; nfhz;Lk;> #jhl;lj;ijf; nfhz;Lk; cq;fspilNa

gifikiaAk;> ntWg;igAk; cz;L gz;zp my;yh`;tpd; epidtpypUe;Jk;> nfhOifapypUe;Jk; cq;fisj;

jLj;J tplj;jhd;; vdNt> mtw;iw tpl;Lk; ePq;fs; tpyfpf; nfhs;s khl;BHfsh? (5:91)

Nkw;fz;l trdNk G+uz kJtpyf;if mKy;gLj;Jtjw;Fz;lhd KOikahd rl;lj;ij toq;fpaJ vd;W $wyhk;.

,Ug;gpDk; $l> rpy K];ypk;fs; Fbg; gof;fj;ij tpl Kbahky; njhlHe;J te;jdH.

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; Ml;rpg; nghWg;Ngw;Wf; nfhz;l Neuj;jpy; ,];yhkpa rhk;uh[;ak; fpof;fpYk;> Nkw;fpYk; gutpf;

nfhz;bUe;j rkaj;jpy;> ,];yhj;jpd; ,iwek;gpf;ifiag; G+uzkhfg; ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lnkd;why;> kJ tp\aj;jpy;

xU jPHf;fkhd Kbit vLj;jhf Ntz;Lk; vd;W ckH (uyp) mtHfs; KbT nra;jhHfs;. rpy Fw;w

eltbf;iffSf;F jpUkiwf; FHMdpy; NeubahfNt jz;lidr; rl;lq;fs; mUsg;gl;Ls;sd> Mdhy; Fbg;

gof;fj;jpw;fhd jz;lidr; rl;lk; vJTk; mjpy; toq;fg;gltpy;iy. ,iwtd; mjid Kw;wpYk; jil nra;a

ehbapUe;jhy;> mjw;fhd jz;lidr; rl;lj;ijAk; toq;fpaUg;ghdy;yth vd;W FbfhuHfs; tpthjk; nra;J>

Fbg;gof;fj;ij jq;fSf;F rhjfkhdnjhU mk;rkhf Mf;fpf; nfhs;sg; ghHj;jhHfs;.

,e;jf; Nfs;tpf;fhd tpilia fz;Lgpbg;gjw;fhf jdJ MNyhrid rigia ckH (uyp) mtHfs; $l;bdhHfs;.

Kjypy; kJitj; jil nra;Ak; eltbf;iff;Fs; ,wq;F Kd;ghf> kJ mUe;JtJ rl;lj;jpw;F cl;gl;ljh

my;yJ rl;lj;jpw;Fg; Gwk;ghdjh vd;gjw;fhd gjpiyf; fz;Lgpbf;Fk;gb ckH (uyp) mtHfs; MNyhrid

rigiaf; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;. MNyhridapd; Kbtpy; jil nra;ag;gl;lNj vd;W jPHg;G toq;fg;gl;lJ.

mLj;j Nfs;tp : rl;lj;jpw;Fg; Gwk;ghdJ vd;why;> mjid kPWk; gl;rj;jpy; mjw;fhd jz;lid vd;d vd;W

Nfs;tp vOg;gg;gl;lJ. jpUkiwf; FHMdpy; ,jw;fhd jz;lidr; rl;lq;fs; vJTk; toq;fg;gltpy;iy vd;W ckH

(uyp) mtHfs; fUj;Jf; $wpdhHfs;. rl;lj;ij kPwpr; nray;gLfpd;wtHfs; kPJ tpjpf;fg;gLfpd;w jz;lidiag;

Nghd;wnjhU jz;lidia cUthf;fpahf Ntz;Lk; vd;W ckH (uyp) mtHfs; mitiaf; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

Nghijapy; %o;fpapUf;ff; $ba kdpjd; tha; jtwp cowf; $batdhf ,Uf;fpd;whd;> mtd; mt;thW cowf;

$bajhdJ mtJ}W Nghd;wJ> vdNt mtJ}Wf;fhd jz;lid vd;dNth mjid mtDf;F toq;f KbAk;>

Vndd;why; Fb Nghijapd; fhuzkhf vijg; NgRtnjd;W njhpahky; mtd; gpwiug; Ngrf; $batdhf

,Uf;fpd;whd; vd;whHfs; myp (uyp) mtHfs;. gpwiu mtJ}W Ngrf; $batDf;F fPo;f;fz;l jz;lidiaf;

FHMd; toq;Ffpd;wJ :

fz;zpakpf;f ngz;fs; kPJ mtJ}W $wp> ehd;F rhl;rpaq;fisf; nfhz;L ep&gpf;ftpy;iynad;why;>

xt;nthUtUf;Fk; vz;gJ firabfs; nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;> rl;lj;ij kPwpr; nray;gLfpd;w mtHfsJ rj;jpag;

gpukhzq;fis Vw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $lhJ.

,e;jr; rl;lk; $Wtijg; Nghy mtHfSf;F vz;gJ firabfs; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W myp (uyp) mtHfs;

Page 115: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

fUj;Jf; $wpdhHfs;. ,e;j MNyhridia ckH (uyp) mtHfs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. mjidj; njhlHe;J

midj;Jg; gpuNjrq;fSf;Fk; fPo;f;fz;l Mizia ckH (uyp) mtHfs; mDg;gp itj;jhHfs; :

jpUkiwf; FHMdpd; topfhl;Ljy;fspd;gb kJ mUe;JtJ jil nra;ag;gl;lJ. ve;jnthU K];ypkhtJ> kJ

mUe;JtJ MFkhdJ vd;W tpthjk; nra;jhy;> jpUkiwf; FHMdpd; Gwf;fzpj;j Fw;wj;jpw;fhf mtuJ jiyiaj;

Jz;bj;J tpLq;fs;. Mdhy; mtH kJ mUe;JtJ rl;lj;jpw;Fg; Gwk;ghdJ vd;W $wpf; nfhz;Nl> me;jj; jtwpy;

tPoe;jpUe;jhnud;why; mtUf;F vz;gJ firabfis nghJ kf;fspd; Kd;dpiyapy; epiwNtw;Wq;fs; vd;W

cj;juT gpwg;gpj;jhHfs;.

,e;jr; rl;lj;ij K];ypk; gpuNjrq;fspy; kpf Ntfkhf eilKiwf;Ff; nfhz;L tug;gl;lJ. K];ypk;fs; ,e;j jPa

nray;fspypUe;Jk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;lhHfs;.

mbik

cyf muq;fpy; ,];yhk; kpsuj; Jtq;fpa nghOJ> cyf nghUshjhuk; vd;gJ mbikj; njhopiy

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;bUe;jJ. me;j mbikj;jdj;Jf;F vjpuhf Kjd; Kjypy; cyf muq;fpy; Fuy; nfhLj;jJ

,];yhk; kl;LNk. ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;ltHfspy; Vuhsk; NgH mbikfshf ,Ue;jtHfs; jhk;. cz;ikapy;>

kf;fhtpd; Fiw\pfs; ,];yhj;jpd; kPJ Vd; fLikahd gifikiag; ghuhl;bdhHfs; vd;why;..> mbikj;

jdj;ij %yjdkhff; nfhz;bUe;j kf;fhtpd; re;ijg; nghUshjhuj;jpy; mJ ifitj;j fhuzNkahFk;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; Ml;rpg; nghWg;Ngw;wTld;> ,e;j mbikj; jdj;ij Kbe;jsT xopj;J tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W

rgjk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;. mjw;fhf kpfTk; Jzpfukhd Kiwapy;> ''muGyfj;jpy; ve;j muGk; mbikahf

,Uf;f KbahJ"" vd;wnjhU mwptpg;ig ntspapl;lhH. ,jd; %yk; ,e;j cyfj;jpNyNa Kjd;Kjyhf mbikfs;

,y;yhj gpuNjrkhd mNugpah jpfo Muk;gpj;jJ. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpd;

J}Jj;Jtj;Jf;F vjpuhf ,];yhj;ijg; Gwf;fzpj;J tpl;L NghH nra;jtHfisf; ifjpfshfg; gpbj;J>

mbikfshf;fp itj;jpUe;j epiyia khw;wp> ckH (uyp) mtHfs; mj;ijfatHfsJ mbij; jisiaj; jil

nra;jhHfs;. mtHfis Rje;jpukhdtHfs; vd mwptpj;jhHfs;.

,d;DnkhU mwptpg;igAk; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; ntspapl;lhHfs;. me;j mwptpg;gpd;gb> v[khdd; %ykhf

Foe;ijiag; ngw;nwLj;j mbikg; ngz;Zk; mbikj; jisapypUe;J tpLjiy nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;w

mwptpg;igAk; ntspapl;lhHfs;.

mtHfsplk; ey;ytw;iwf; fz;lhy; (mbikfsplk;)> xg;ge;jk; nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs;"" vd;W jpUkiwf; FHMd;

fl;lisapLfpd;wJ.

,e;jf; fl;lisia mKy;gLj;JKfkhf> mbikfs; jq;fsJ v[khdHfsplk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l jtizf;Fs;

gpizj; njhifiar; nrYj;jp tpLtjhf thf;fspj;jhy;> me;j xg;ge;jj;jpw;F v[khdHfs; rk;kjpf;f Ntz;Lk;

vd;W ckH (uyp) mtHfs; Miz gpwg;gpj;jhHfs;.

egpj;NjhoHfspy; kpf Kf;fpakhdtHfSs; xUtuhd md]; (uyp) mtHfSf;F rphpd; vd;wnjhU mbik ,Ue;jhH.

,tH jd;Dila v[khduhf md]; (uyp) mtHfsplk; xg;ge;jk; xd;iwr; nra;J nfhs;s tpUk;gpdhH> Mdhy;

md]; (uyp) mtHfNsh kWj;jhHfs;. ,e;j tptfhuk; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; Kd;dpiyapy; te;j nghOJ> md];

(uyp) mtHfis me;j xg;ge;jj;jpw;Fr; rk;kjpf;f itj;jhHfs; ckH (uyp) mtHfs;.

,e;j tptfhuj;ij jPHj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf murpd; fUT+yfj;jpypUe;J mbikfSf;Fk; mtHfsJ

v[khdHfSf;Fk; rkkhd mstpy; cjtpj; njhifiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; chpik toq;fg;gl;lJ.

mbikahdtUf;F vt;thW cjtpj; njhif toq;fg;gl;lNjh> mijg; NghyNt v[khdHfSf;Fk; cjtpj; njhif

toq;fg;gl;lJ.

mbikfis mtHfsJ cwTfspypUe;J gphpj;J tplf; $lhJ vd;Wk; cj;jutpl;lhHfs;. ,e;j cj;jutpd; %ykhf

mbikg; ngz;fSf;Fg; gpwe;j Foe;ijfs;> jhaplkpUe;J gphpf;fg;gl;L tplhky; ghJfhf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. jhAk;>

Foe;ijAkhf mtHfs; ,Ue;jhHfnsd;why;> mtHfis xNu xU v[khdH jhd; thq;fpf; nfhs;s KbAk; vd;w

epiyiaAk; nfhz;L te;jhHfs;.

,d;Dk; r%fj;jpy; caHe;j me;j];J nfhz;l xUtiu NghHf;ifjpahfg; gpbf;fg;gl;L> mbikfshf Mf;fpf;

nfhs;tjw;Fj; jil tpjpj;jhHfs;> mtHfSf;fhd gpizj; njhifiag; ngw;Wf; nfhz;L tpLjiy nra;tjw;F

cj;jutpl;lhHfs;. rphpahtpd; `puhFyp]; kd;ddJ kfs; ifjpahfg; gpbf;fg;gl;l nghOJ> mtis mtsJ

Page 116: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

je;ijaplNk jpUk;g xg;gilf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. ghgpNyhd; Nghhpd; nghOJ Kft;f]; kd;ddJ kfs; mHkD}]h

ifjpahfg; gpbf;fg;gl;l nghOJk;> mtisj; jpUk;g mtsJ je;ijaplNk xg;gilf;fg;gl;lhs;.

mbikfspd; me;j];ij caHj;Jtjw;fhf Ntz;b> v[khdHfs; jq;fsJ mbikfSld; NrHe;jkHe;J

cztUe;jl;Lk; vd;W mwpTiu $wpdhHfs;. ,d;Dk; rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; mbikfisj; jd;Dld; cztUe;j

tUkhW mioj;J mku itf;ff; $batuhfTk; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; ,Ue;jhHfs;. ckH (uyp) mtHfs; ,t;thW

$wf; $batHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs; :

''mbikfSld; NrHe;jkHe;J cztUe;Jtij mtkjpg;ghff; fUJfpd;wtHfs; kPJ ,iwtdpd; rhgk;

cz;lhfl;Lkhf"" vd;ghHfs;.

NkYk; K];ypkhdnjhU mbik K];ypky;yhj xUtUf;F ghJfhg;G mspj;jpUe;jhnud;why;> mtuJ ghJfhg;G

chpikf;F fz;zpakspf;fg;gl;lJ. mjhtJ Rje;jpukhdnjhU K];ypk; ghJfhg;gspj;jhy;> ve;jsT mjw;F

fz;zpakspf;fg;gLNkh me;jsT toq;fg;gl;lJ.

ckH (uyp) mtHfsJ fhyj;jpy; mbikfs; fz;zpakhd gjtpfspy; mkHj;jg;gl;bUe;jhHfs;. ckH (uyp)

mtHfsJ Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; ,f;ukh vd;gtH mbikahf ,Ue;jhH> ,tH `jP]{f; fiyapy; ,khkhf ,Ue;jhH.

eh/gp vd;gtH> ,tUk; xU mbik> ,tH ,khk; khypf; mtHfSf;F Mrphpauhf ,Ue;jhH. ,J kl;Lky;y..> ckH

(uyp) mtHfsJ fhyj;jpy; gy mbikfs; caHgjtpfspy; mkHj;jg;gl;L fz;zpakspf;fg;gl;lhHfs; vd;gJ

Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

ghypay; Nkhfj;jpw;Ff; fl;Lg;ghL

md;iwa mwpahikf;fhyr; r%fj;jpy; ghypay; Nkhfk; jiytphpj;jhbf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,];yhk; xOf;f

tpOkpaq;fspy; fl;Lg;ghl;ilf; nfhz;L tutpioe;j nghOJ> ,e;j ghypay; Nkhfj;jpw;Fk; fl;Lg;ghL tpjpj;jJ.

,];yhk; ehd;F kidtpfSf;F Nky; jpUkzk; nra;tjw;Fj; jil tpjpj;jJ. ,d;Dk; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l

kidtpkhHfisj; jpUkzk; nra;jpUg;gtHfs;> mtHfs; midtiuAk; rkkhf elj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;W gzpj;jJ.

,d;Dk; jpUkz cwtpd;wp ahuhtJ tpgr;rhuj;jpy; <Lgl;lhy; fLikahd jz;lidfs; toq;fg;gl;ld.

,d;Dk; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; Ml;rpg; nghWg;Ngw;wTld;> r%fj;jpy; epytp tUk; ghypay; Nkhrbfis Kw;wpYk;

fise;J tpl jPHkhdpj;jhHfs;.

ftpijfs; GidtJk; mtw;iwf; Nfl;gJk; mwpahikf; fhyj;jpy; kf;fspilNa xOf;f tPo;r;rpia Vw;gLj;jp

te;jJ. jq;fsJ kdJf;Fg; gpbj;j ngz;iz tHzpg;gJk;> mtHfsJ moif ftpijfspy; tbg;gJk; tof;fkhf

,Ue;J te;jJ. ,d;Dk; rpyNtisfspy; ngz;fspd; ngaHfSk; $l me;jf; ftpijfspd; Clhf tyk;

tUtJz;L. ,jd; fhuzkhf tPLfspy;> fztd; kidtpf;F ,ilNa gpzf;FfSk; Vw;gl;L tpLtJz;L. ,J

xU r%fj;jPikahf tyk; tUtijf; fzpj;j ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> ftpijfspy; ngz;fspd; ngaHfisg;

gad;gLj;j jil tpjpj;jhH. ,d;Dk; r%fj;jpy; xOf;f tPo;r;rpia Vw;gLj;Jfpd;w ghly;fis> ftpijfis

,aw;wf; $lhJ vd;Wk; mtH jil tpjpj;jhH. ftpQHfSk;> GytHfSk; ckH(uyp) mtHfs; tpjpj;j ,e;j

rl;lj;ij kPwpa nghOJ> mtHfSf;F firabfshf jz;lid epiwNtw;wg;gl;ld.

,d;Dk; Kmj;jh vd;w jw;fhypj; jpUkzj;jpw;Fk; jil tpjpj;jhHfs;. mjhtJ> Fwpg;gpl;l fhyf; nfL xd;iw

epHzapj;J> me;jf; fhyf; nfLtiuf;Fk; fztd; kidtpahf MZk;> ngz;Zk; tho;e;J nfhs;tJ. mjw;F Nky;

mtHfs; gphpe;J tpLthHfs;. jpUkzk; vd;gJ MZk;> ngz;Zk; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;L tho;ehs; KOtJk;

fztd; kidtpahf thof; $banjhU r%f mikg;G. ,e;j mikg;gpy; Foe;ijfs; ngWtJk;> mtw;iwg;

guhkhpg;gJk; ,e;jj; jk;gjpfs; kPJ flikahdnjhd;whf khwp tpLfpd;wJ. Mdhy; ,e;j jw;fhypf jpUkzj;jpd;

fhuzkhf> ngz;fis epidj;j khj;jpuj;jpy; tpthfuj;Jr; nra;tJk;> ,ilg;gl;l fhyj;jpy; gpwe;j Foe;ijfs;

mdhijfshtJk; r%fj;jpy; Fog;gj;ijAk;> rPHNfLfisAk; cUthf;fp tpLk;> ,d;Dk; cz;ikapy; jpUkzk;

vd;gjw;fhd mHj;jNk ,y;yhJ Ngha;tpLk; vd;gij czHe;j ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> ,e;j jw;fhypf

jpUkzj;jpw;Fj; jil tpjpj;jhHfs;. tpthfuj;J vd;gNj xU fhuzj;ij Kd;dpl;L nra;ag;gLtJ> Mdhy; ,e;j

Kmj;jh vd;w jw;fhypf jpUkzj;jpy; 'Fwpg;gpl;l fhyf;nfL" epHzapf;fg;gLtJ vd;gJ ,];yhj;jpw;Fk;> mjd;

nfhs;iffSf;Fk; Kuzhf mikfpd;wJ vd;W ckH (uyp) mtHfs; jPHkhdpj;J mjidj; jil nra;jhHfs;.

<uhf; kw;Wk; rphpah K];ypk;fspd; iftrk; Mdjd; gpd;dH> <uhf; kw;Wk; rphpahitr; NrHe;j ngz;fis

kzKbf;Fk; re;jHg;gk; cUthfpaJ. ,tHfspd; mofpy; kaq;fpa muGf;fs;> jq;fsJ muG kidtpkhHfis

Page 117: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

tpthfuj;Jr; nra;a Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,J r%fj;jpy; kpfg; nghpa Fog;gj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ kl;Lky;y> kf;fspilNa

ghypay; hPjpahd xOf;f tPo;r;rp mjpfkhfpaJ. ,jidj; jLj;J epWj;JKfkhf> <uhf; kw;Wk; rphpah Nghd;w me;epa

ehLfspd; ngz;fis kzKbg;gjw;fhd rpy epge;jidfis tpjpj;jhH> me;j epge;jidfs; ahUf;Fg;

nghUe;Jfpd;wNjh mtHfs; kl;LNk me;epa ehl;Lg; ngz;fis kzKbf;fj; jFjp tha;e;jtHfshff;

fUjg;gl;lhHfs;. `{ijgh (uyp) mtHfs; kjPdhtpd; xU mjpfhhpahf ,Ue;jhHfs;> ,tH xU <uhf; fpwp];jtg;

ngz;iz kzKbj;Jf; nfhz;lhH. ckH (uyp) mtHfNsh me;jg; ngz;iz tpthfuj;Jr; nra;Ak;gb `{ij/gh

mtHfis typAWj;jpdhHfs;. `{ijgh mtHfNsh..> ve;j rl;lj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; tpthfuj;Jr; nra;ar;

nrhy;fpd;wPHfs;> vdJ tpthfk; rl;lj;jpw;Fk; Gwk;ghdJ vd;why; vt;thW> cz;ikahd tpsf;fj;ij

mspf;Fk;gl;rj;jpy; md;wp ehd; tpthfuj;Jr; nra;a KbahJ vd;W $wp tpLfpd;whHfs;. ckH (uyp) mtHfs;

$wpdhHfs;..> ePq;fs; tpthfk; nra;jpUg;gJ rl;lj;jpw;F KuzhdJ md;W> Mdhy; ePq;fs; kzKbj;jpUf;Fk;

me;j fpwp];jtg; ngz;iz ehd; Vd; tpthfuj;Jr; nra;Aq;fs; vd;W $Wfpd;Nwd; vd;why;> muGyfj;Jg;

ngz;fspd; eyid Kd;dpl;Nl cq;fSf;F ,e;j mwpTiuia toq;Ffpd;Nwd;. moFf;fhfntd;Nw K];ypk;

my;yhj ngz;fis kze;J nfhs;tJ vd;gJ> kf;fspilNa ghypay; tptfhuj;jpy; xOf;f tPo;r;rpia Vw;gLj;jp

tpLk; vd;W ehd; fUJfpd;Nwd;. ,e;j tpsf;fj;ijf; Nfl;l `{ij/gh (uyp) mtHfs; me;j fpwp];jtg;

ngz;iz tpthfuj;Jr; nra;J tpLfpd;whHfs;.

,];yhk; ehd;F ngz;fSf;F mjpfkhf kzKbj;Jf; nfhs;s mDkjp toq;ftpy;iy> mNjNeuj;jpy; mtHfs;

vj;jid mbikg; ngz;fis Ntz;LkhdhYk; itj;Jf; nfhs;syhk; vd;w epiy ,Ue;J te;jJ. ,e;j mbikg;

ngz;fs; v[khdHfspd; nrhj;Jf;fisg; Nghy guhkhpf;fg;gl;L te;jhHfs;> v[khdHfs; tpUk;Gfpd;w Neuj;jpy;

mtHfs; tpiyNgrp tpw;fTk;gl;lhHfs;. ,];yhkpa rhk;uh[;ak; gue;J tphpe;J nrd;W nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ>

K];ypk;fspilNa mjpfkhd mbikg; ngz;fs; ,Ue;J tuyhdhHfs;> ,JTk; kf;fspilNa ghypay; hPjpahd

xOf;f tPo;r;rpia Vw;gLj;Jtijf; fzpj;j ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> ve;j mbikg; ngz;fs; jq;fsJ v[khdHfsJ

Foe;ijia fUj;jhpj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfNsh mtHfs; Rje;jpukhd ngz;fshf fzpf;fg;gLthHfs;. mj;jifa

ngz;fis v[khdHfs; jq;fsJ mbikfshf epHtfpj;J tu KbahJ> mtHfsJ rl;l hPjpahd

kidtpkhHfisg; NghyNt ,tHfSf;Fk; chpikfs; cz;L> mtHfs; tpUk;gpdhy; jq;fsJ fztd;khHfis

tpthfuj;Jr; nra;J tpl;L> ,d;ndhU Mizf; $l kze;J nfhs;syhk; vd;W mwptpg;Gr; nra;jhHfs;.

jpk;kpf;fs;

K];ypk;fs; ntw;wp nfhz;l gpuNjrq;fspy;> gyH ,];yhj;ijj; jOtpf; nfhz;lhHfs;. rpyH ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf;

nfhs;stpy;iy. ,t;thW ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;shjtHfspd; capH> clik> nrhj;J> topghl;L chpik

Nghd;wtw;wpw;F KOr; Rje;jpuKk;> chpik toq;fg;gl;bUe;jd. ,tHfis 'jpk;kpf;fs;" vd;wiof;fg;gLthHfs;>

mjhtJ xg;ge;jk; nra;J nfhz;l kf;fs; vd;W nghUs;.

,j;jifa jpk;kpf;fsplk; mtHfsJ ghJfhg;G> tho;Thpik> Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; nrhj;Jhpik Nghd;wtw;wpw;F <lhf>

mtHfsplkpUe;J ghJfhg;G thp vd;w [p];ah thp t#ypf;fg;gl;lJ.

,Nj Nghd;wnjhU ghJfhg;G cld;gbf;ifia n[U]yk; fpwp];jtHfsplj;jpYk; xU xg;ge;jj;ij ckH (uyp)

mtHfsJ fhyj;jpy; Nghlg;gl;lJ. mjd; %yk;> mtHfsJ tho;T> nrhj;J> Njthyaq;fs; kw;Wk; rpYit

Nghd;wtw;wpw;F cj;juthjk; jug;gl;lJ. ,jpy; vJnthd;wd; kPJk; Mf;fpukpg;G nra;aNth> klyhaq;fs;

epH%ykhf;fg;glNth my;yJ rpYitia cilj;njwptNjh vd;gd Nghd;w eltbf;iffspy; K];ypk;fs; ,wq;f

khl;lhHfs; vd;w ghJfhg;G cj;juthjj;ij fpwp];jtHfSf;F K];ypk;fs; toq;fpdhHfs;.

khHf;fj;jpy; ve;jtpj tw;GWj;jy;fSk; fpilahJ vd;gjpy; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; KO cWjpNahL ,Ue;jhHfs;.

vtnuhUtH ,];yhj;ij kdjhu Vw;Wf; nfhz;L K];ypkhf Mfpf; nfhz;lhNuh mtH tuNtw;fg;gl;lhH> Mdhy;

,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;gb ahiuAk; tw;GWj;jg;gltpy;iy. mNjNghy jpk;kpf;fspd; kjr; Rje;jpuj;jpy;>

mtHfsJ kj tptfhuj;jpy; K];ypk;fs; ahUk; %f;if Eiog;gjw;F mDkjpf;fTk;gltpy;iy.

Njrj;jpd; KO chpik ngw;w Fbkf;fisg; NghyNt jpk;kpf;fs; elj;jg;gl;lhHfs;. K];ypk;fs; kw;Wk; K];ypk;

my;yhjtHfs; vd;W ghFghL fhl;lg;gltpy;iy. xU jpk;kpahd xUtiu xU K];ypk; nfhiy nra;J tpl;lhy;>

me;j nfhiyf;F <lhd jz;lidia K];ypKf;F toq;fg;gl;lJ. ,d;Dk; K];ypk; my;yhjtHfspd; nrhj;Jf;fs;>

mtHfsJ nrhe;j nrhj;Jf;fshfNt fUjg;gl;ld. ,d;Dk; nrhy;yg; Nghdhy;> jpk;kpf;fspd; tpthfhuj;jpy;

Page 118: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

ePjkhd Kiwapy; ele;J nfhs;Sk;gb jd;Dila MSeHfSf;F fLikahd cj;juT xd;iwNa ckH (uyp)

mtHfs; Nghl;L itj;jpUe;jhHfs;.

jpk;kpf;fsplk; [p];ah vd;w thp t#ypf;fg;gl;lJ> mjd; %yk; mtHfs; ,uhZt Nrit Mw;WtjpypUe;J

tpjptpyf;F mspf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. mNjNtisapy; mtHfshf Kd;te;J ,uhZt Nrit Mw;Wk;gl;rj;jpy;>

mtHfsplkpUe;J [p];ah vd;w thp t#ypf;fg;gl;LtJ fpilahJ. ,d;Dk; vtnuhUtH [p];ah thpiar;

nrYj;Jtjw;F trjpaw;w epiyapy; ,Ue;jhnud;why;> mthplkpUe;J me;j thpia t#ypf;fg;gLtjdpd;Wk; tpyf;F

mspf;fg;gl;bUe;jhH.

jpk;kpf;fs; mtHfsJ nrhe;j eilKiwr; rl;lq;fisg; gpd;gw;wpf; nfhs;tjw;F chpik toq;fg;gl;bUe;jhHfs;.

jpk;kpf;fspd; r%f fyhr;rhuj;jpy; xUq;fpizg;ig fhz;gjw;fhf> K];ypk;fshy; ntw;wp nfhs;sg;gLtjw;F Kd;ghf

jpk;kpf;fs; vd;d Mil tbikg;ig gpd;gw;wp Mil mzpe;J te;jhHfNsh mNj Mil tbikg;igg; gpd;gw;wp Mil

mzpAkhWk;> ,d;Dk; K];ypk;fisg; Nghy Mil mzpaf; $lhJ vd;W jil tpjpj;jhHfs;. mjhtJ> ,e;j

cj;jutpd; %ykhf K];ypk; my;yhjtHfspd; kPJ ghFghL fhl;lg;gl;lJ vd;w mHj;jk; nfhs;syhfhJ> khwhf>

K];ypk;fisAk; K];ypk; my;yhjtHfis NtWgLj;jp mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;fhd eilKiwahff; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

mtutH fyhr;rhu milahsq;fs; ,jd; %yk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;lJ.

mtHfsJ nrhe;j kj Mr;rhuq;fisg; gpd;gw;wpf; nfhs;s mDkjp mspf;fg;gl;bUe;j mNjNtisapy;>

K];ypk;fSf;F ,ilA+whf mtHfsJ eilKiwfs; ,Uf;fhky; ghHj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;gb mwpTWj;jg;gl;lhHfs;.

fpwp];jt klhyaq;fspy; kzpNahir Koq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;F mDkjp mspf;fg;gl;bUe;j mNjNtisapy;> me;j

kzpNahirahdJ K];ypk;fspd; njhOif Neuj;jpy; <Lnra;Ak; tpjkhf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ vd;w tpjp

tFf;fg;gl;lJ. fpwp];jtHfs; jq;fsJ rpYitia Rke;J nfhz;L tPjp cyh tUtjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gl;l

mNjNtisapy;> me;j tPjp cyhthdJ K];ypk;fs; mjpfk; trpf;Fk; njUf;fs; topahfr; nry;yf; $lhJ vd;w

tpjp tFf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jd; %yk; gy;NtW rkaq;fSf;fpilNa nfhSe;J tpl;nlwpAk; gpur;idfs; cUthfp tplf;

$lhJ vd;gjpy; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; kpfTk; ftdk; nfhLj;Jr; nray;gl;lhHfs;.

jpk;kpf;fs; tp\aj;jpy; kpfTk; fz;bg;ghd Kiwapy; ele;J nfhs;SkhWk;> mtHfsJ xg;ge;jq;fisg; NgZkhWk;

jd;Dila ftHdHfSf;F ckH (uyp) mtHfs; cj;jutpl;bUe;jhHfs;.

jpk;kpf;fSf;F njhe;juNth my;yJ mePjkhfNth K];ypk;fs; elf;ff; $lhJ. ,d;Dk; ve;jtpj jPq;FfSk;

mtHfSf;F nra;jy; $lhJ vd;Wk; cj;jutpl;lhH.

mtuJ kuzj;jUthapy;> jdf;F mLj;J tuf; $ba Ml;rpahsH kpfTk; ePjpkhd Kiwapy; elf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk;>

mJ murpd; flik vd;Wk; mwpTWj;jpr; nrd;whH.

jpk;kpf;fs; tp\aj;jpy; vdf;Fg; gpd; tuf; $ba Ml;rpahsH ,iwtidg; gae;J ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

midj;J tpjkhd Mf;fpukpg;GfspypUe;Jk; mtHfisg; ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lk;. mtHfis mePjkhd Kiwapy;

elj;jf; $lhJ. rl;lj;jpd; Kd; midtUk; rkk; vd;w mbg;gilapy;> kw;w Fbkf;fs; NghyNt mtHfSk;

ePjpkhd Kiwapy; elj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mtHfs; kPJ eLepiyahd thptpjpg;igf; iff; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;> mtHfs;

Rkf;f tpayhj thpr;Rikia mtHfs; kPJ Rkj;jf; $lhJ vd;W jdJ ,Wjp mwpTiuapy;> jdf;Fg; gpd; te;j

Ml;rpahsUf;F mwpTWj;jpr; nrd;whHfs;.

K];ypk;fSf;fhd cjtpj; njhif

aHKf; kw;Wk; fjP]pa;ah NghUf;Fg; gpd;dhy; K];ypk;fSf;F mjpfkhd fdPkj; vd;w NghHr; nry;tq;fs;

fpilj;jd. kjPdhtpd; fUT+yfk; epuk;gp tope;jJ> ,JNt ckH (uyp) mtHfSf;F kpfg; ngUk; gpur;idahf

cUntLj;jJ. ,e;j nry;tj;ij vd;d nra;tJ vd;W Nahrpf;f Muk;gpj;jhH.

,jidf; fUT+yfj;jpy; itj;jpUe;J>,e;jg; gzj;ij nghJeyr; NritfSf;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jk;gb rpyH

MNyhrid $wpdhHfs;. ,jid nghJthf K];ypk;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhs;tpy;iy. ,Wjpahf vLj;j Kbtpd;gb>

md;iwa tUlj;jpy; tUfpd;w njhif K];ypk;fSf;Fg; gq;fpl;L toq;fp tpLtJ vd;w KbntLf;fg;gl;lJ.

rhp..> ,jid ve;j mbg;gilapy; gq;fpLtJ vd;w Nfs;tp mLj;jjhf vOe;jJ. fpilf;fpd;w nry;tj;ij rhp

rkkhfg; gq;fpLtJ vd;W MNyhrid $wg;gl;lJ. mt;thW fpilf;fpd;w midj;ijAk; gq;fpl;lhy; kf;fs; ngUk;

gzf;fhuHfs; Mfp tpLthHfs;. mt;thW gq;fplg;gLtij tpl khjhe;jpu cjtpj; njhif Nghy xU njhifia

epHzak; nra;J tplyhk; vd;W KbthfpaJ. midtUk; xg;Gf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

Page 119: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

rhp..> ,d;dhUf;F ,t;tsT vd;W ve;j mbg;gilapy; epHzak; nra;tJ vd;w Nfs;tp vOe;jJ. midtUf;Fk;

xNu khjphpahd cjtpj; njhifia epHzak; nra;Nthk; vd;Wk;> ,d;DnkhU MNyhridahf> ,];yhj;jpy;

mtutUf;F ,Uf;fpd;w caH jFjpfis itj;J epHzak; nra;Nthk; vd;Wk; ,U fUj;Jf; $wg;gl;lJ.

rhp..> ,tH ,tiu tpl rpwe;jtH vd;W ve;j mbg;gilapy; epHzak; nra;tJ vd;w Nfs;tp vOe;jJ. Kjypy;

fyp/ghtpypUe;J Muk;gk; nra;Nthk;> mtUf;F midtiuAk; tpl caHe;jgl;r njhifia epHzapg;Nghk;

vd;whHfs;. ckH (uyp) mtHfs; ,e;j MNyhrid epuhfhpj;J tpl;L> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd;

Nfhj;jpuj;jhhpypUe;J Muk;gk; nra;Nthk; vd;whHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F kpf neUf;fkhdtHfs; ahH ahH vd;gij epHzak; nra;tjw;fhfntd;W xU

fkpl;bia epakpf;fg;gl;lJ. me;j fkpl;bahdJ Nfhj;jpu thhpahf gl;baypl;Lf; nfhLj;jJ. mtHfspy; Kjy;

Nfhj;jpuj;jtHfshf gdP `h\pk; Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfs; ,Ue;jhHfs;. mjw;fLj;J mG+gf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ

Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfs; ,Ue;jhHfs;. %d;whtjhf ckH (uyp) mtHfsJ Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfs; ,Ue;jhHfs;. Mdhy;

%d;wtjhf jd;Dila Nfhj;jpuj;jhH ,Ug;gij ckH (uyp) mtHfs; tpUk;gtpy;iy> kWj;J tpl;lhHfs;>

jd;Dila Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfis kpfTk; fPohd juj;jpy; itf;FkhW NfhhpdhHfs;.

,jw;F ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfs; fLk; vjpHg;G njhptpj;jhHfs;. Mdhy; ckH (uyp) mtHfNsh..>

vd;Dila Njhspd; kPJ Vwpf; nfhz;L> vd;Dila ey;ywq;fis ePq;fs; ghobf;fg; ghHf;fpd;wPHfs;> cq;fis

ehd; mDkjpf;f khl;Nld; vd;W $wp tpl;lhHfs;.

,Wjpahf KO gl;baYk; jahhpf;fg;gl;l gpd;> mjw;F ckH (uyp) mtHfs; xg;Gjy; toq;fpdhHfs;. mjd;gb>

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; kidtpkhHfSf;F mjpfgl;r njhifahf 12 Mapuk; jpH`k;fSk;>

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; rpwpa jfg;gdhH mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfSf;F 7 Mapuk; jpH`k;fSk;>

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; NguHfshd `]d; kw;Wk; `{i]d; (uyp) mtHfSf;F jyh 5 Mapuk;

jpH`k;fSk;>

gj;Ug; Nghhpy; fye;J nfhz;ltHfSf;F jyh 6 Mapuk; jpH`k;fSk;>

`{ijgpa;ah cld;gbf;ifapd; rkaj;jpy; ,];yhj;jpid Vw;Wf; nfhz;ltHfSf;F 4 Mapuk;

jpH`k;fSk;>

kf;fhtpd; ntw;wpapd; nghOJ ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;ltHfSf;F jyh 3 Mapuk; jpH`k;fSk;>

,];yhj;ijg; Gwf;fzpj;Jr; nrd;wtHfs; kPjhd akhkh Nghd;w NghHfspy; fye;J nfhz;ltHfSf;F

jyh 3 Mapuk; jpH`k;fSk;>

aHKf; kw;Wk; fjP]pa;ah Nghhpy; fye;J nfhz;ltHfSf;F jyh 2 Mapuk; jpH`k;fSk; vd;W epHzak;

nra;ag;gl;lJ.

,];yhj;jpy; mtHfs; Eioe;j rkaj;ij itj;J ,e;jj; njhifia epHzapj;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;> mtHfs; vd;d

jFjpapy; ,Uf;fpd;whHfs; vd;w epiyia itj;J epHzapf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;W ckH (uyp) mtHfs; mwptpg;Gr;

nra;jhHfs;.

,e;j tifapy;> ckH (uyp) mtHfsJ kfd; mg;Jy;yh gpd; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; 3 Mapuk; jpH`k;fis cjtpj;

njhifahfg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. mNjNeuj;jpy; c]hkh (uyp) mtHfSf;F 4 Mapuk; jpH`k;fs;

toq;fg;gl;ld. ,jw;F mg;Jy;yh gpd; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; vjpHg;Gj; njhptpj;jhHfs;. mjw;F gjpyspf;FKfkhf

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ kfidg; ghHj;J>

mg;Jy;yhNt..! cq;fis tpl c]hkhTf;F mjpfk; nfhLj;Js;Nsd;> Vndd;why;..> mtH cd;id tpl

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F kpf neUf;fkhdtH> ,d;Dk; cd;Dila je;ijia tplTk; mtuJ je;ij

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F ,d;Dk; neUf;fkhdtH vd;W gjpy; $wpdhHfs;.

gQ;rk;

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Page 120: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

njhe;juTfSf;Fk;> rpukq;fSf;Fk; MshdhHfs;. ,d;Dk; GOjpf; fhw;Wk; Rod;wbf;fTk;> ,d;Dk; kf;fs;

rpukq;fSf;F MshdhHfs;. re;ijfspy; $l jhdpaq;fisg; ghHf;f Kbatpy;iy. nea;> ntz;iza; kw;Wk;;

khkprq;fs; $l re;ijapy; fhztpy;iy. kf;fs; jq;fsJ czTj; Njitfis epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;sNt kpfTk;

rpukg;gl;lhHfs;.

epiyikapd; tpghPjj;ij czHe;j fyp/gh ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> Vida gpuNjr ftHdHfSf;F fbjk; vOjp>

mNugpahTf;F czTg; nghUl;fis mDg;gp itf;FkhW NfhhpdhHfs;. rphpah> vfpg;J> kw;Wk; <uhf; gFjpfspy;

,Ue;J xl;lfk; epiwa czTg; nghUl;fs; kjPdhit Nehf;fp mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;ld> vfpg;jpypUe;J fly;

khHf;fkhfTk; czTg; nghUl;fs; te;J NrHe;jd.

FLk;g thhpahf czTg; nghUl;fs; gq;fPL nra;ag;gl;ld> fpuhkg; Gwq;fspypUe;J te;J kjPdhtpy; jQ;rk;

GFe;jpUe;j kf;fSf;F murpd; nrytpy;> czT rikj;J toq;fg;gl;lJ. ,t;thwhf xt;nthU ehSk; 40 Mapuk;

egHfSf;F czT rikj;Jg; ghpkhwg;gl;lJ.

murpd; midj;J tsq;fSk; ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; fl;Lg;ghl;by; ,Ue;j fhuzj;jhy;> gQ;rk; epytp te;j

fhyj;jpy;> rhjhuz Fbkfd; vjidr; rhg;gpLthNdh mjidNa ehDk; rhg;gpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W ckH (uyp)

mtHfs; KbntLj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;. mjd;gb> khkprk;> nea;> ghyilf; fl;b Nghd;wtw;iwf; nfhz;L

rikf;fg;gl;l czit rhg;gpl kWj;jNjhL> gQ;rk; KbAk; tiuf;Fk; ,Njepiyapy; ,Ue;J nfhs;tJ vd;Wk;

KbntLj;Jf; nfhz;lhH. ,d;Dk; jd;Dila FLk;gj;jhHfsplk; jdf;F rikf;fg;glf; $ba czthdJ

rhjhuz vz;iza; nfhz;L kl;LNk rikf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;w cj;juitNa Nghl;bUe;jhH. Mlk;gukhd

czT tiffis jtpHj;Jf; nfhz;lhH. rhjhuz czT tiffisNa cl;nfhz;lhH. ,jd; fhuzkhf mtuJ

cly; nkype;J> epwKk; khwpaJ. mtuJ tapW gpbf;fhj cztpd; fhuzkhf cWk Muk;gpj;jJ> Mdhy; ckH

(uyp) mtHfNsh..> tapNw..! cd;dhy; Kbe;j tiuf;Fk; cWkpf; nfhs;> gQ;rk; ve;jsT ePbf;fpd;wNjh

mJtiuf;Fk; cd;id ehd; mRj;jkila tpl mDkjpf;f khl;Nld; vd;W $wpf; nfhz;lhHfs;. xUehs;

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nfhz;L te;jhH. ,jid mwpe;J nfhz;l ckH (uyp) mtHfs; mjdhy; nra;ag;gl;l czit Mlk;guk; vd;W

fUjp rhg;gpl kWj;J tpl;lhHfs;. xUehs; mtuJ kfd; je;ijf;fhf khkpr czit rikj;J itj;Jf; nfhz;L

rhg;gpl mioj;jhH. Mdhy; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; rhg;gpl tu kWj;J tpl;lhHfs;. gQ;rk; epytp te;j me;j

fhyj;jpy; jd;Dila kidtpahplj;jpy; neUq;Ftjpy; $l ckH (uyp) mtHfs; kpfTk; fz;bg;ghdtuhf ,Ue;jhH.

gQ;rk; epytp te;j me;j fhyj;jpy;> xt;nthU njUthf ,uT Neuj;jpy; Rw;wp Rw;wp te;J> midtUf;Fk;

cztspf;fg;gl;L tpl;ljh vd;W jhNd efHr; Nrhjidapy; ,wq;fpdhHfs;. vg;nghOJ cjtp Nfhhp

tpz;zg;gq;fs; tUfpd;wdNth> gpwiu vjpHghHf;fhJ jhNd Xbr; nrd;W cjtpdhH. ,d;Dk; cjtpg;

nghUl;fis jhNd jdJ KJfpy; Rke;J nfhz;L nrd;whH. efHr; Nrhjidia Kbj;Jf; nfhz;L> ,utpd;

,Wjpg; gFjpapy; njhOiff;fhfTk; epw;ff; $batuhf ckH(uyp) mtHfs; jpfo;e;jhHfs;. rpwpJ J}q;fp tpl;L>

mjpfhiyj; njhOifia Kd;dpd;W elj;Jtjw;fhf tpiutpy; gs;spthriy Nehf;fpr; nry;tijAk; tof;fkhf;fpf;

nfhz;bUe;jhH.

kf;fs; xd;W $bapUf;Fk; me;jg; gs;spapy; :

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kf;fspd; ghtq;fspd; fhukzhf ,e;j Ntjidia ehk; mDgtpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwhkh vd;gJ njhpatpy;iy.

ghtj;ijr; Rkf;fpd;wtHfs; midtUk; ,iwtdplk; gpuhar;rpj;jk; Njbf; nfhs;Sq;fs;> ,e;j fLikahd

#o;epiyapypUe;J ek;ikg; ghJfhf;Fk;gb ,iwtdplk; kd;whbf; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;Sq;fs; vd;W $wf; $batHfshf

,Ue;jhHfs;.

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vYk;igj; jtpu Ntnwhd;Wkpy;iy vd;w msTf;F mq;Nf gQ;rk; jiytphpj;jhbaJ. md;iwa ,utpy; mtH

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisf; fdtpy; fz;lhH. me;jf; fdtpy;..>

ckhplk; nrd;W vdJ ,e;jr; nra;jpiaj; njhptpj;J tpLq;fs;. khHf;fj;jpy; mtiu cWjpahf ,Uf;fpd;whH.

,e;j Nrhjidia tpl;Lk; tpyfpf; nfhs;tjw;F NkYk; khHf;fj;jpy; cWjpahf ,Uf;Fk;gb mthplk; $Wq;fs;

vd;W me;jf; fdtpy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; gpyhy; gpd; `hhp]; (uyp) mtHfsplk; $wpdhHfs;.

Page 121: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; njhptpj;j ,e;j nra;jpia ckH (uyp) mtHfsplk; gpyhy; gpd; `hhp]; (uyp) mtHfs;

njhptpj;J tpLfpd;whHfs;. ,e;jr; nra;jpapd; %ykhf fpilf;fpd;w gbg;gpid vd;d vd;gjid ckH (uyp)

mtHfshy; rhpahf Cfpj;Jf; nfhs;s Kbatpy;iy. xUNtis jd;dplk; VNjDk; nghLNghf;Fj; jdq;fs;

,Ug;gjhf ,iwj;J}jH(]y;) mtHfspd; ,e;jr; nra;jp njhptpf;fpd;wNjh vd;Wk; fUjyhdhHfs;. ,iwar;rj;jpd;

fhuzkhf mtuJ cly; eLq;fpw;W. gs;spthrYf;Fr; nrd;w ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> jd;dplk; VNjDk; Fiwfs;

fhzg;gLfpd;wdth vd;W kf;fsplk; tprhhpf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. cq;fsplk; ve;j gytPdq;fSk; fhzg;gLtjhf

vq;fshy; mwpa Kbatpy;iy vd;W kf;fs; $wydhHfs;.

gpd;dH> kf;fs; xd;W NrHe;J..> ckNu..> ,e;jf; Nfs;tpia vq;fis Nehf;fp tPrf; fhuzk; vd;d? vd;W

Nfl;lhHfs;. mjw;fhd mtrpak; vd;d te;J tpl;lJ cq;fSf;F vd;whHfs;. mjd; gpd;dH gpyhy; gpd; `hhp];

(uyp) mtHfis mioj;j ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> me;j fdit kf;fSf;F tpsf;fg;gLj;JkhW Nfl;Lf;

nfhz;lhHfs;. gpyhy; (uyp) mtHfs; me;jf; fditf; $wp Kbj;jTld;> mq;fpUe;j egpj; NjhoH xUtH

vOe;jpUe;J> mkPUy; K/kpdPd; mtHfNs..> ,e;jr; nra;jpapy; cq;fSf;F vjpuhf vJTk; fhzg;gltpy;iy.

ek;ikr; Rw;wp ,Uf;fpd;w ,e;j gQ;rk; ek;ik tpl;L mfy;tjw;fhf ,];jp];fh vd;w kioj; njhOifiaj;

njhOk;gbj; jhd; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ek;ik mwpTWj;jp ,Uf;fpd;whHfs; vd;W tpsf;fkspj;jhH.

mjd; gpd;dH ckH (uyp) mtHfs; xUehis epHzapj;J> me;j ehspy; kioj; njhOif njhog;gLk; vd;W

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njho Ntz;Lk; vd;w cj;juitNa ckH (uyp) mtHfs; toq;fpdhHfs;. kjPdhtpy; K];ypk;fs; kioj;

njhOiff;fhd xd;W $bdhHfs;. md;W ele;j njhOifapy; ciuahw;wpa ckH (uyp) mtHfs; :

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NfhUfpd;Nwhk;. ah my;yh`; vq;fsJ ghtq;fis kd;dpg;ghahf..> vq;fs; kPJ fUiz fhl;Lthahf> vq;fs;

kPJ ,uf;fk; fhl;Lthahf..!

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ePq;fpaJ. kpfTk; fLikahdnjhU #o;epiyapy; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; kpfTk; rkHj;jpakhd Kiwapy; ckH (uyp)

mtHfs; Ml;rpia epHtfpj;jhHfs; vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

murpay; kw;Wk; mur epHthfj; jpwik

ftHdHfs; epakdk;

murhq;f epHthfk; rPuhf eilngWtjw;F gpuhe;jpaf; ftHfdHfspd; jpwikAk;> rPhpa epHthfTk; NjitahdJ

vd;gij czHe;j ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> ftHdHfisj; NjHT nra;Ak; tp\aj;jpy; kpfTk; ftdkhfTk;>

mtHfisj; NjHT nra;tjpy; kpfTk; fz;bg;ghd eilKiwfisg; NgZgtHfshfTk; ,Ue;jhHfs;. ckH (uyp)

mtHfs; jdJ ftHdHfis vt;thW NjHT nra;jhHfs; vd;gJ gw;wpa gy jfty;fis ehk; ,q;Nf fhzg;

Nghfpd;Nwhk;.

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cj;juT vOjg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;j me;j Ntisapy; ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; ,isa kfd; ckH (uyp) mtHfspd;

mUfpy; te;J> mtuJ kbapy; mkHe;jhH. ckH (uyp) mtHfs; kbapy; mkHe;j jdJ kfid mizj;Jf;

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cq;fsJ Foe;ijfs; cq;fsplk; mr;rkpd;wp Rje;jpukhf tUfpd;wd> Mdhy; vd;Dila Foe;ijfNs vd;id

neUq;fNt gag;gLfpd;wd vd;W $wpdhH.

,jidf; Nfl;l ckH (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;..> ''cq;fsJ Foe;ijfNs cq;fisg; ghHj;jJ

mr;rg;gLfpd;wJ vd;W nrhd;dhy;..> nghJkf;fs; ,d;Dk; mjpfkhf my;yth cq;fisg; ghHj;J

mr;rg;gLthHfs;. mlf;FKiwf;Fs;shf;fg;gl;ltHfs; ,j;jifa kdpjHfs; Kd;dhy; jq;fsJ GfhHfisf;

Page 122: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

nfhz;L tuNt mr;rg;gLthHfs;. vdNt> ftHduhfTk; jFjp ckf;F ,y;iy vdf; $wpa ckH (uyp) mtHfs;>

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xUKiw xU Njhoiu ftHduhf epakpf;f ehbdhHfs;. mjw;fhd cj;juT toq;fg;gLtjw;F Kd;dH me;jj;

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jFjpahdtH vd;W $wpdhH.

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tUfpd;Nwd; vd;W gjpy; $wpdhHfs;.

xUKiw `pk;]; gFjpapd; ftHdH gjtp fhypahf ,Ue;jJ> ,jid ,g;D mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfSf;F

toq;fyhkh vd;W ckH (uyp) mtHfSf;F Nahridahf ,Ue;jJ. ,g;D mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfis mioj;j

ckH (uyp) mtHfs;..> cq;fis ehd; `pk;]; d; ftHdH gjtpapy; mkHj;j epidf;fpd;Nwd;> ,Ug;gpDk;

cq;fisg; gw;wpanjhU mr;rk; vdf;fpUf;fpd;wJ vd;W $wpdhHfs;. mJ vd;d mr;rk; vd;whHfs; ,g;D mg;gh];

(uyp) mtHfs;. mjhtJ> rpy rkaq;fspy; ehd; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F kpf neUf;fkhdtd; vd;w

vz;zk; cq;fsplk; te;J tpLNkh> mjd; fhuzkhf rl;lj;jpw;F mg;ghw;gl;ltd; vd;W ePq;fs; fUjpLtPHfNsh

vd;W jhd; mr;rg;gLfpd;Nwd; vd;W ckH (uyp) mtHfs; gjpy; $wpdhHfs;. mjw;F> vg;nghOJ vd;idf; Fwpj;J

mr;rk; Vw;gl;L tpl;lNjh mg;nghOjpypUe;J ehd; ,e;jg; gjtpia Vw;Wf; nfhs;s khl;Nld; vd;W ,g;D mg;gh];

(uyp) mtHfs; $wp tpl;lhHfs;. mg;gbahdhy;> ,J tp\aj;jpy; vdf;F ePq;fs; cjt Ntz;Lk;> ahiu ,e;jg;

gjtpf;F ehd; epakpf;fyhk; vd;W ckH (uyp) mtHfs; Nfl;lhHfs;. ,g;D mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;>

''ahH ey;y kdpjNuh mtiu epakdk; nra;Aq;fs;> ,d;Dk; ahH kPJ cq;fSf;F mr;rk; ,y;iyNah mtiuNa

epakpAq;fs;"" vd;W gjpy; $wpdhHfs;.

ePq;fs; ftHdiu epakdk; nra;tjpy; ePq;fs; filgpbf;ff; $ba topKiw ahJ? vd;W xU kdpjH ckH (uyp)

mtHfsplk; Nfl;lhHfs;. mjw;F> ''xUtH jdJ kf;fSf;F kj;jpapy; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ> mtH

mtHfsJ jiytuhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;> ,Ug;gpDk; mtH jiytiug; Nghy ,Uf;f khl;lhH> ,d;Dk; mtH

Page 123: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

jiytuhf ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ..> mtH mtHfspy; xUtiug; Nghy ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;..> ,j;jifa kdpjiuj; jhd;

ehd; ftHduhf epakpf;f tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

murpay; epHthfk;

ckH (uyp) mtHfsJ fhyj;jpy; ,];yhkpa rhk;uh[;akhdJ gy;NtW gpuNjrq;fshfg; gphpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,t;thW

gphpf;fg;gl;l Njrq;fs; vj;jid vd;gjpy; tuyhw;W MrphpaHfsplj;jpy; fUj;JNtWghL epyTfpd;wJ. rpyH vl;L

gpuNjrq;fs; vd;Wk;> rpy ,jid tpl mjpfk; vd;Wk; fUj;Jf; $Wfpd;whHfs;.

mjhtJ ekf;Ff; fpilj;jpUf;Fk; jfty;fs; mbg;gilapy;>

KO mNugpahTk; ,uz;L gFjpfshfg; gphpf;fg;gl;lJ> xd;W kf;fh kw;wJ kjPdh

<uhf; ,uz;L gFjpfshfg; gphpf;fg;gl;lJ> xd;W g]uh ,d;ndhd;W $/gh

A+g;ub]; kw;Wk; ilf;hP]; ejpg; gLiffs; kw;Wk; []Puh

rphpah

ghy];jPdj;ij ckH (uyp) mtHfs; ,uz;lhfg; gphpj;jhHfs;> ma;yh kw;Wk uk;yh

vfpg;J ,uz;lhfg; gphpf;fg;gl;lJ> xd;W vfpg;jpd; Nky;gFjp kw;Wk; vfpg;jpd; fPo;gFjp

ngH]pah %d;whfg; gphpf;fg;gl;lJ> xd;W Fu]hd;> m]Hig[hd; kw;Wk; /gH];

xt;nthU gpuNjrKk; gy;NtW khtl;lq;fshfg; gphpf;fg;gl;ld. mt;thW gphpf;fg;gl;l khtl;lq;fs; vj;id vd;gJ

njhpatpy;iy. ngH]pahtpy; kl;Lk; 47 khtl;lq;fs; ,Ue;jjhff; $wg;gLfpd;wJ. KO ehl;bYk; ,t;thwhfg;

gphpf;fg;gl;l khtl;lq;fspd; vz;zpf;if fpl;lj;jl;l 100 ,Uf;fyhk; vd;Wk; $wg;gLfpd;wJ.

xt;nthU gpuNjrKk; ftHdH my;yJ typ vd;W nghWg;Gjhuuhy; epHthfk; nra;ag;gl;L te;jJ. me;jg;

gpuNjrq;fspy; epakpf;fg;gl;l Vida mjpfhu tuk;Gfs; gpd;tUkhW :

fjPg; my;yJ jiyikr; nrayhsH

fjPg; cj; jpthd;> nrayhsH> ,uhZtk;

]h`pg; cy; fHuh[;> tUtha;j; Jiw mjpfhhp

]h`pg; cy; m`;jhj;> fhty; Jiw mjpfhhp

]h`pg; cy; igj;Jy; khy;> fUT+yf mjpfhhp

fhop> jiyik ePjpgjp

rpy khtl;lq;fspy; jdpr;rpwg;G ,uhZt mjpfhhpfs; epakpf;fg;gl;bUe;jhHfs;> mg;gbg;gl;l khtl;lq;fspd;

jiyikj; jsgjpahf typ vd;gtH epakdk; nra;ag;gl;bUe;jhHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfsJ fhyj;jpy; ftHduhfg; gzpahw;wpatHfspd; tpguk; tUkhW :

mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfs; rphpahtpd; ftHduhfTk;>

mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfspd; kuzj;jpw;Fg;gpd; a]Pj; gpd; mG+ ]{/g;ahd; (uyp) mtHfs; rphpahtpd;

ftHduhfg; nghWg;Ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

a]Pj; gpd; mG+ ]{/g;ahd; (uyp) mtHfspd; kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpd; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; rphpahtpd;

ftHduhf tUfpd;whHfs;.

mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) - vfpg;J

]mj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) - $/gh

cj;gh gpd; f];thd; (uyp) - g]uh

mG+ %]h m\;mhp (uyp) mtHfs; cj;gh (uyp) mtHfSf;Fg; gpd; g]uhtpd; ftHduhfg;

nghWg;Ngw;fpd;whHfs;

Page 124: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,jhg; gpd; ci]j; (uyp) mtHfs; - kf;fh

ma;ahj; gpd; fdk; (uyp) mtHfs; []Puh gFjpf;F ftHduhf epakpf;fg;gLfpd;whHfs;.

xt;nthU khtl;lj;jpw;Fk; ,uz;L Kf;fpakhd mjpfhhpfs; epakdk; nra;ag;gl;lhHfs;> mjhtJ :

Mkpy; - jdpr; rpwg;G mjpfhuj;ijAk; ,d;Dk; nghJ epHthfk; Mfpa ,U nghWg;Gfs; mtUf;F toq;fg;gl;ld.

fhop - ePjpj;Jiw ghpghyzk; toq;fg;gl;lJ.

xt;nthU epakdKk; vOj;Jg; G+HtkhfNt nra;ag;gl;lJ. epakpf;fg;gLk; mjpfhhpfSf;fhd mjpfhu tuk;Gfs; vd;d

vd;gJ gw;wp Fwpg;NgLfs; toq;fg;gl;ld. mjpy; mtHfSf;fhd mjpfhu tuk;Gfs; kw;Wk; flikfs;

Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUe;jd. epakdk; nra;ag;glf; $ba mjpfhhp nghWg;Ngw;gjw;F Kd;dhy; kf;fsitia xd;W $l;b>

jdf;F vd;ndd;d mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd vd;gJ gw;wp nghJ mwptpg;Gr; nra;jhf Ntz;Lk; vd;W

gzpf;fg;gl;lhH. ,jd; %yk; nghJkf;fs; Gjpa mjpfhhpapd; mjpfhu tuk;Gfs; vd;d vd;gijAk;> mtH kPJ

Rkj;jg;gl;Ls;s nghWg;Gfs; vd;d vd;gJ gw;wpAk; mwpe;J nfhz;lhHfs;> ,jdhy; tuk;G kPWfpd;w mjpfhhpia

milahsk; fhzTk;> mtH nra;fpd;w jtWfs; kw;Wk; mjpfhu J\;gpuNahfk; Nghd;wtw;iw vspjpy; Rl;bf;

fhl;lTk; kf;fshy; ,aYkhf ,Ue;jJ.

epakpf;fg;gl ,Uf;fpd;w mjpfhhpfis Nehf;fp nghJthd rpy tpjpKiwfis mtHfSf;F Qhgf%l;lf;

$batHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs; ckH (uyp) mtHfs;. mtw;wpy; : ''Qhgfk; itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;> cq;fis ehd;

cj;jutpLk; gilj;jsgjpahfNth kw;Wk; kf;fs; kPJ mlf;FKiwia fl;ltpo;j;J tpLk; mjpfhuk;

nfhz;ltuhfNth epakpf;ftpy;iy. khwhf..> kf;fs; cq;fsJ ed;dlj;ijfisg; ghHj;Jg; gpd;gw;Wfpd;w

topfhl;Lk; jiytHfshfNt epakpj;jpUf;fpd;Nwd; vd;W $wf; $batHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;. K];ypk;fSf;F

vd;ndd;d chpikfs; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sdNth mtw;wpid toq;fpLq;fs;> mjpfhu J\;gpuNahfk; nra;J mtHfis

mlf;FKiwf;Fs;shf;fp tpl Ntz;lhk;. tuk;G kPwp mtHfisg; Gfo Ntz;lhk;> mJ jtwhd ghijf;F mtHfis

mioj;Jr; nrd;W tpLk;. kf;fsJ Kfj;jpy; miwe;jhw; Nghy cq;fsJ fjTfis %l Ntz;lhk;>

typikAs;stHfs; twpatHfis Mf;fpukpf;f mDkjpf;fTk; Ntz;lhk;. mtHfspy; ePq;fs; jhd; caHe;jtH vd;w

epidg;Gld; ,Uf;f Ntz;lhk;> mJNt ePq;fs; mtHfs; kPJ nrYj;Jk; mlf;FKiwapd; Kjy;gbAkhFk; vd;W

$wf; $batHfshf ckH (uyp) mtHfs; ,Ue;jhHfs;.

epakd Neuj;jpy;> fPo;f;fz;l cWjpnkhopia vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;gb xt;nthU mjpfhhpAk; Ntz;lg;gl;lhH.

mjhtJ>

JUf;fpa Fjpiuapy; gazpg;gjpy;iy

mofpa kpUJthd Milfis mzptjpy;iy

kpUJthd khtpidf; nfhz;L nra;ag;gl;l czit cz;gjpy;iy

gzpahs; xUtiu tPl;L thapypy; thapy; fhg;Nghdhf epWj;jp itg;gjpy;iy> kw;Wk;

nghJkf;fs; vspjpy; mZFk; tz;zk; tPl;L thriy vg;nghOJk; jpwe;Nj itj;jpUg;gJ

,d;Dk; mjpfhu epakdj;jpw;F Kd;ghf> Nkw;fz;l mjpfhhpapd; nrhj;J kw;Wk; mtH itj;jpUg;gitfs; Fwpj;J

KO gl;bay; jahhpf;fg;gl;lJ. mtuJ mjpfhu ehl;fspd; nghOJ ,tw;wpy; VNjDk; ,ay;Gf;F khwhf $baJ

vd;why;> me;j mjpfhu miof;fg;gl;lhH> mjw;fhd gjpy; mspf;Fk; Nfhug;gl;lhH> ,d;Dk; mt;thW ,ay;Gf;F kPwp

nrhj;J NrHf;fg;gl;bUe;jhy; me;j nrhj;J gwpKjy; nra;ag;gl;L> murpd; f[dhtpy; NrHf;fg;gl;lJ.

Page 125: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

%d;whk; fyP/gh

cJkhd; gpd; m/g;ghd; (uyp) tho;f;if tuyhW

cJkhd; gpd; m/ghd;

Muk;g fhy tho;T

,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sjy;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSld; neUf;fk;

fyPghthf NjHe;njLf;fg;gLjy;

Kjy; mwpKf ciu

Kjy; tof;F

NguuR tphpthf;fk;

ngz; tPuhq;fid

irg;u]; ifg;gw;wg;gLjy;

tl Mg;hpf;fh ifg;gw;wg;gLjy;

fhjy; fij

Kjy; fly; NghH

ngHrpah kw;Wk; jhg;hp];jhd;

cs;ehl;Lf; Fog;gk;

mg;Jy;yh gpd; ]gh

mikjpapd;ik

$ypg;gilapdhpd; iffspy; $/gh

kj;jpa jiyik

Nrhryp] ez;gd; The Socialist Companion

kw;w fhuzpfs;

epiyik NkhrkhFjy;

gpur;idfs; Muk;gk;

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; kWg;G

kjPdhtpy; vjpHg;ghsHfspd; miy

myp (uyp) fytuf;fhuHfis mg;Gwg;gLj;jy;

kHkf; fbjk;

Kw;Wif

nfhiy nra;ag;gLjy;

12 tUl fpyhgj; Ml;rpapy;

vd;w jiyg;Gfspy; ,dp tUq;fhyq;fspy; njhluhf cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; tho;f;if tuyhw;iwg; ghHg;Nghk;.

,d;\h my;yh`;..!

Page 126: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

1. Muk;g fhy tho;f;if

'',e;jj; jk;gjpfSf;F my;yh`; ghJfhtydhf ,Uf;fl;Lk;!"" vd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfshy; tho;j;Jg;

ngw;wtHfs; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs;. jk;gjpaHfspNyNa> ,];yhj;jpw;fhf jq;fsJ tho;tpd; Rfq;fis

mw;gzpj;jtHfSs;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; ngUikf;FhpatHfs;.

kf;fhtpy; Fiw\pfspd; nfhLikfs; jhq;ftpayhj epiyf;Fr; nrd;W nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ> mtHfsJ

nfhLikfspy; ,Ue;J jg;gpg;gjw;fhf cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSk;> mtHfsJ kidtpAk; mgP]Pdpahtpw;F fpsk;gpf;

nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ kUkfdhuhd cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfisg; ghHj;J>

Nkw;$wpa thHj;ijfisf; $wpdhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;Fg; gpd; 6 Mz;Lfs; fopj;Jg; gpwe;jtH jhd; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs;. ,tuJ

je;ijapd; ngaH m/g;ghd;. jhahhpd; ngaH mHth. ,tHfsJ Ngj;jp> ig]h> mg;Jy; Kj;jypg;gpd; kfshthH>

vdNt> ,tH ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F khkp Kiwahf te;jtH. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; cika;ah

Nfhj;jpuj;ijr; NrHe;jtH> ,J Fiw\pfspd; xU fpisf; Nfhj;jpukhFk;. ,tHfs; gD} `h\pk;

Nfhj;jpuj;jtHfSf;F ,izahd me;j];Jg; ngw;wtHfs;. Fiu\pfspd; nfhb ,tHfsJ trk; jhd; ,Ue;J

te;jJ.

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; xU Jzp tpahghhpahf ,Ue;jhHfs;. ,tHfsJ tpahghuk; ey;y Kiwapy; nropg;NghL

tsHe;j fhuzj;jhy;> efhpNyNa ntw;wpfukhd tpahghhp vd;w me;j];Jg; ngw;wtuhdhH. mtH mbf;fb tpahghu

tp\akhf rphpahTf;F Ngha; tuf; $batuhfTk; ,Ue;jhH. ey;y rpwg;ghd tpahghu Kd;Ndw;wk;> nry;tj;ij

mjpfhpj;jNjhL> kf;fs; kj;jpapy; nry;thf;ifAk; mjpfhpf;fr; nra;jJ. ,Ug;gpDk;> mtH ,sfpa kdk;

gilj;jtuhf ,Ue;jhH. mtH jdJ nghUshjhu tsj;ij ViofSf;F cjTtjw;fhfNt NjbdhH. gzk;

xUtuJ Jd;gj;ijg; Nghf;Fnkd;W nrhd;dhy;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; mt;thwhd cjtpfSf;F vg;nghOJk;

jahufNt ,Ue;jhHfs;.

2. ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sjy;

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; ,];yhj;ijj; jOTtjw;F mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; jhd; fhuzkhf ,Ue;jhHfs;.

,UtUk; kpf neUq;fpa ez;gHfshthHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; gD} `h\pk; Fyj;ijr; NrHe;jtHfs;.

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; gD} cika;ah Fyj;ijr; NrHe;jtHfs;. ,uz;L Fyq;fSk; kpf ePz;l fhykhf guk

ithpfshf ,Ue;J tUgtHfs;. vdpDk;> ,it ahTk; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; rj;jpaj;ij Vw;Wf;

nfhs;tjdpd;Wk; jLj;J tpltpy;iy> ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;l Muk;g fhy K];ypk;fspy; cJkhd; (uyp)

mtHfSk; xUtuhthH. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ kfshd Uf;ifah (uyp) mtHfis cJkhd; (uyp)

mtHfSf;F kzKbj;Jf; nfhLj;jhHfs;.

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;ljd; fhuzkhf> mtHfsJ Fyj;jtHfspd; fLk; gifiar;

rk;ghjpf;f Ntz;b te;jJ. ,tuJ khkh thd `fk;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; iffisAk;> fhiyAk; fl;bg;

Nghl;L tPl;by; ,Ul;Lr; rpiwapy; milj;J itj;jhH. kw;w egpj;NjhoHfisg; NghyNt cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSk;

fLikahd rpj;jputijfSf;F Mshd NghjpYk;> ,];yhj;ij tpl;L tpltpy;iy. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfis

kpfTk; tpUk;gpa me;jf; Fiw\pfs; jhd; ,g;nghOJ ntWf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. mtuJ nrhe;jf; Fyj;jtHfNs

mtiuf; iftpl;L tpl;ldH. ,J mtHfis kpfTk; ghjpj;jJ. ,e;j epiyapy;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk;

nrd;W> mgP]Pdpahtpw;F `p[;uj; nra;J nry;y> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; mDkjp Nfl;lhHfs;. me;j Kjy; `p[;uj;

jpy; jq;fsJ tPl;ilAk;> ehl;ilAk;> nrhe;j ge;jq;fisAk; tpl;L tpl;L> Gjpa ehl;Lf;F ,lk; ngaHe;J>

,iwtDila jpUg;nghUj;jj;jpw;fhf ehL Jwe;J nrd;w K];ypk;fspd; FOtpy; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSk;

,Ue;jhHfs;.

,d;Dk; kf;fhtpypUe;J kjPdhtpw;F `p[;uj; eilngw;w nghOJk;> kf;fhtpypUe;J ,lk; ngaHe;J kjPdhtpy;

nrd;W jq;fpdH.

3. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSld; neUf;fk;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSld; kpf neUf;fkhf ,Ue;j egpj;NjhoHfspy; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSk; xUtuhthH.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSld; gj;Ug; NghH jtpu kw;w midj;Jg; NghHfspYk; fye;J nfhz;lhHfs;. cJkhd;

Page 127: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

(uyp) mtHfspd; kidtpAk;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; kfSkhd Uf;ifah (uyp) mtHfs; RftPdkhf

,Ue;j fhuzj;jhy;> gj;Ug; NghUf;F tu Ntz;lhk; vd;Wk;> mtHfis ,Ue;J ftdpj;Jf; nfhs;SkhWk;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; $wpajhy;> gj;Ug; Nghhpy; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; fye;J ,ayhky; Ngha; tpl;lJ.

RftPdj;jpy; ,Ue;j kPs KbahJ NghfNt> Uf;ifah (uyp) mtHfs; kuzkile;jhHfs;. jdJ kidtpapd;

gphpthy; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; kpfTk; NrhfkhfTk;> Ntjidapd; cr;rj;jpYk; ,Ue;jhHfs;. kidtpia

,oe;jJ Nghf> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; kUkfd; vd;w me;j];Jk; gwpNgha; tpl;lNj vd;Wk; cJkhd; (uyp)

mtHfs; kpfTk; ftiy mile;jhHfs;. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; Nrhfj;ijf; fz;l ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs;> jdJ ,d;ndhU kfshd ck;K Fy;J}k; (uyp) mtHfis ,uz;lhk; jhukhf cJkhd; (uyp)

mtHfSf;F kzKbj;Jf; nfhLj;jhHfs;. ,jd; fhuzkhf> ''Jd;D}iud; - ,U xsp tpsf;Ffisg; ngw;Wf;

nfhz;ltH"" vd;w rpwg;Gg; gl;lj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

`p[;hp 6 Mk; Mz;L ele;j `{ijg;gpa;ah cld;gbf;ifapd; nghOJ> mjd; mikjp eltbf;iffspy; rpwg;Gg;

gq;fhw;wpa ngUikf;FhpatH cJkhd; (uyp) MthHfs;. mikjpg; Ngr;RthHj;ijf;fhf cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfisj;

jhd; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; Fiw\pfsplk; mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. Mdhy; Fiw\pfNsh..!

cJkhd; mtHfNs..! ePq;fs; Ntz;Lkhdhy; f/ghitj; jhprpj;J tpl;Lr; nry;Yq;fs;> cq;fsJ ,iwj;J}jiu

ehq;fs; kf;fhtpw;Fs; Eioa mDkjpf;f khl;Nlhk; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

cJkhd; (uyp) $wpdhHfs; :

,J epidj;Jf; $lg; ghHf;f Kbahj xd;W. K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfshy; ,iwtdJ Myaj;ij jhprpf;f

KbahJ Nghdhy;> vd;dhYk; mJ KbahJ vd;W $wp tpl;lhHfs;. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfsJ ,e;j thHj;ij

mtHfis kpfTk; ghjpj;J tpl;lJ> Nfhgq; nfhs;sr; nra;jJ.

,jw;fpilapy; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; nfhy;yg;gl;L tpl;lhHfs; vd;w tje;jp fhl;Lj; jP Nghy fhy; Kisj;J>

kf;fhitAk; jhz;b ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis te;jile;jJ. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; nfhy;yg;gl;L

tpl;lhHfs; vd;w nra;jpia mwpe;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; fLk; Nfhgj;jpw;F MshdNjhL> epyikapd;

tpghPjj;ijg; Ghpe;J nfhz;l mtHfs;> ,jw;Fg; gypf;Fg; gyp vLg;gJ vd;W KbntLj;J> ve;j #o;epiyapYk;

gpd;thq;f khl;Nlhk;> cWjpNahL vjphpfisr; re;jpg;Nghk; vd;W jdJ NjhoHfsplk; igmj; vd;w cWjpg;

gpukhzj;ij thq;fpf; nfhz;lhHfs;. me;j tuyhw;W epfo;r;rpiaj; jhd; ,d;Wk; ehk; igmj;JH hpo;thd; vd;W

Nghw;wp miof;fpd;Nwhk;. gpd; me;j tje;jp ngha; vd;W njhpe;jJ> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSk; ve;jtpj

Mgj;Jkpd;wp K];ypk;fSld; te;J NrHe;J nfhz;lhHfs;.

K];ypk;fs; kf;fhtpypUe;J kjPdhtpw;F te;J NrHe;j nghOJ> mq;F jz;zPHg; gQ;rk; jiytphpj;jhbaJ.

jz;zPUf;F kpfTk; f\;lkhf ,Ue;jJ. mg;nghOJ kjPdhtpy; xNu xU jz;zPHf; fpzW jhd; ,Ue;jJ. mJTk;

xU A+jDf;Fr; nrhe;jkhf ,Ue;jJ. mtH K];ypk;fis jz;zPH vLj;Jf; nfhs;s mDkjpf;f kWj;jhH.

vdNt> jdJ NjhoHfis mioj;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> ''cq;fspy; ahH me;jf; fpzw;iw

thq;Ffpd;whHfNsh> my;yh`; mtHfSf;F kWikapy; xU Cw;iwNa ghprhf toq;Fthd;"" vd;W thf;FWjp

mspj;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; jhd; thq;Ftjhfg; gjpyspj;jhHfs;. mjid 20 Mapuk;

jpH`k;fSf;F thq;fp> mjid K];ypk;fs; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s jhdhkhfTk; toq;fp tpl;lhHfs;.

kjpdhtpy; K];ypk;fspd; vz;zpf;if ehSf;F ehs; $bf; nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jJ. ,e;j epiyapy; Kjypy; fl;ba

gs;spthry; Nghjhj epiyapy; ,Ue;jJ. ,ijf; fz;l ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> gs;spthriy tphpthf;f

vz;zpatHfshf> cq;fspy; ahH ,e;jg; gs;spthrypd; tphpthf;fj;jpw;fhfr; nryT nra;aj; jahuhf ,Uf;fpd;wPHfs;

vd;W Nfl;lhHfs;. mg;nghOJk; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; ''ehd;"" vd;W Kd;te;jhHfs;. me;jg; gs;spf;Fg;

gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J epyj;ij thq;fp gs;spthry; tphpthf;fg;gzpf;F jhdkhf toq;fpdhHfs;.

`p[;hp 9 k; Mz;L ig]he;jpag; Nguurd; kjPdhitj; jhf;Fjtw;F jahuhfp tUfpd;whd; vd;w nra;jpiaf;

Nfs;tpg;gl;l ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> mjw;Fg; gjpyb nfhLg;gjw;F K];ypk;fs; jahuhFk;gb fl;lisapl;L

tpl;L> mjw;fhd jahhpg;GfSf;F nghUshjhu cjtpia toq;Fk;gb jdJ NjhoHfsplk; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

,jidf; Nfl;l cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs;> Mapuk; xl;lfq;fisAk;> 50 FjpiufisAk;> Mapuk; jq;ff;

fl;bfisAk; me;jg; NghUf;fhf toq;fpdhHfs;. ,d;iwf;F cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; vd;d

nra;jpUf;fpd;whHfNsh> ,d;iwa ehspypUe;J> mtHfis vd;iwf;Fk; nfLjpfs; mZfhJ vd;W ,iwj;J}jH

Page 128: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

(]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;.

,iwj;J}ij vOJk; vOj;jhsHfspy; xUtuhf cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; ,Ue;jhHfs;. jpUkiwf; FHMdpd; xU

gFjpia vOjpa ew;Ngw;Wf;FhpatUk; MthH. ,d;Dk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfshy;> nrhHf;fj;jpw;F ed;khuhaq;

$wg;gl;l gj;J egpj;NjhoH ngUkf;fspy; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSk; xUtuhthH.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; neUf;fkhf ,Ue;j fhuzj;jhy;> egpj;NjhoHfspNy kpfTk; kjpf;fg;gl;l Njhouhf

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; jpfo;e;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,we;jjd; gpd;G> NeHtop fhl;lg;gl;l

fyPghf;fspd; Ml;rpapy;> mGgf;fH (uyp) kw;Wk; ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;rpapd; nghOJ> ,uz;L fyPghf;fSf;Fk;

MNyhrfuhfTk; ,Ue;j ngUikf;FhpatH cJkhd; (uyp) MthHfs;.

4. Ml;rpahsuhfj; NjHe;njLf;fg;gLjy;

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; jdf;Fg; gpd; tuf; $ba Ml;rpahsiuj; NjHe;njLg;gjw;fhf MW NgH nfhz;l FOit

rpghhpR nra;jpUe;jNjhL> ,tHfs; MNyhrid nra;J jq;fSf;Fs; xUtiu Ml;rpahsuhfj; NjHT nra;J

nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; mtuJ capypy; vOjp ,Ue;jhHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfshy; rpghhpR nra;ag;gl;ltHfs; :

myp (uyp)

cJkhd; (uyp)

mg;JH u`;khd; gpd; mt;/g; (uyp)

rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp)

[{igH gpd; mt;thk; (uyp)

jy;`h gpd; cigJy;yh`; (uyp)

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; kuzkile;j %d;W ehl;fSf;Fs; ,tHfs; fye;jhNyhrid nra;J fyPghitj;

NjHe;njLj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd mjpy; epge;jidAk; tpjpj;jpUe;jhHfs; ckH (uyp) mtHfs;.

,t;thW epakdk; nra;ag;gl;ltHfs; jkJ fyPghitj; NjHe;njLf;f mkHe;j nghOJ> jy;`h (uyp) mtHfs;

kjPdhtpy; ,y;iy> mtH ntspA+hpy; ,Ue;jhH. vdNt> mtuhy; ,e;j MNyhridapy; fye;J nfhs;s

,aytpy;iy. ,e;j MNyhridf; FO kpf ePz;l Neu tpthjj;jpw;Fg; gpd;Dk; rhpahdnjhU xUkpj;j KbTf;f tu

,aytpy;iy. vdNt> mq;F Fog;gk; ePbj;jJ. ,e;j epiyapy;> mg;JH u`;khd; ,g;D mt;/g; (uyp) mtHfs; xU

fUj;ij Kd; itf;fpd;whHfs;.

ek;kpy; ahuhtJ xUtH ,e;j epakd cWg;gpdH gjtpapypUe;J tpyfpf; nfhz;lhy;> mt;thW tpyfpf; nfhs;sf;

$ba egUf;F fyPghit Kd; nkhopaf; $ba chpikia mspg;gJ vd;W $wp> ahH ek;kpy; epakd cWg;gpdH

FOtpy; ,Ue;J tpyfpf; nfhs;s rk;kjpg;gJ? vd;W Nfl;lhH. midtUk; eprg;jkhf ,Ue;jH. gpd; mg;JH u`;khd;

gpd; mt;/g; (uyp) mtHfs;> ehd; tpyfpf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd; vd;W $wpdhH.

myP (uyp) mtHfisj; jtpu kw;w midtUk; mg;JH u`;khd; gpd; mt;/g; (uyp) mtHfSila Kbit Vw;Wf;

nfhz;lhHfs;. mg;nghOJ> myP (uyp) mtHfisg; ghHj;J> ePq;fs; vd;d nrhy;y tUfpd;wPHfs; vd;W mg;JH

u`;khd; ,g;D mt;/g; (uyp) mtHfs; Nfl;lhHfs;.

thf;FWjp ePjkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

,uj;j cwT KiwfSf;fhf thf;FWjpfs; kPwg;glf; $lhJ.

nghJkf;fspd; eyid Kd;dpl;L> thf;FWjpfs; Ngzg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

Nkw;fz;l midj;J tpjpKiwfisAk; xg;Gf; nfhs;Sk;gl;rj;jpy;> ehDk; cq;fsJ KbTf;F rk;kjpf;fpd;Nwd;

vd;W myP (uyp) mtHfs; gjpy; $wpdhHfs;.

myP (uyp) mtHfspd; epge;;jidfis mg;JH u`;khd; ,g;D mt;/g; (uyp) mtHfs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

Page 129: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,g;nghOJ xl;L nkhj;j K];ypk;fSk; mg;JH u`;khd; ,g;D mt;/g; (uyp) mtHfspd; KbT vt;thW mikag;

Nghfpd;wJ> ahiuj; NjHe;njLf;fg; Nghfpd;whHfs; vd;w vjpHghHg;NghL kf;fs; fhj;jpUf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

midj;Jk; ,g;nghOJ mg;JH u`;khd; ,g;D mt;/g; (uyp) mtHfspd; Kbtpy; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

mg;JH u`;khd; ,g;D mt;/g; (uyp) mtHfs;> ,e;j fLikahd gzpiar; rpuNkw; nfhz;L> vLj;Jf; nfhz;l

nghWg;ig epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhf fLikahfg; ghLgl;lhHfs;. ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; kuzj;ij mLj;J> K];ypk;

uh[;aj;jpy; cs;s midj;J jiytHfSk; mLj;J ahH ekJ fyP/gh vd;w vjpHghHg;NghL ,Ue;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk;

midj;Jj; jiytHfSk; fUj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gl;L NjHT Muk;gkhfpaJ.

,g;nghOJ mg;JH u`;khd; ,g;D mt;/g; (uyp) mtHfs;> jdpg;gl;l xt;nthUthplKk; nrd;W kpf ePz;l Neu

MNyhridfis elj;jpdhH. gD} `h\pk; Fyj;jtHfs; myP (uyp) mtHfis epakdk; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;W

$wpdhHfs;> ,tHfisj; jtpu kw;w midtUk; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfis epakdk; nra;AkhW $wpdhHfs;.

vdNt> ,g;nghOJ Ntl;ghsH FOtpy; kw;w jiytHfs; midtuJ ngaHfSk; fisag;gl;L> cJkhd; (uyp)

kw;Wk; myP (uyp) Mfpa ,UtuJ ngaHfSk; ,Wjpj; NjHTf;F Kd; nkhopag;gl;ld.

,g;nghOJ> ,Wjpj; NjHTf;fhf mg;JH u`;khd; ,g;D mt;/g; (uyp) mtHfs; fskpwq;fpdhHfs;.

cq;fis mLj;J> ahH ,e;j fyPgh nghWg;Gf;F kpfTk; jFjp tha;e;j eguhf ePq;fs; fUJfpd;wPHfs; vd;W myP

(uyp) mtHfisg; ghHj;J mg;JH u`;khd; gpd; mt;/g; (uyp) mtHfs; Nfl;lhHfs;.

cJkhd; (uyp) vd;W gjpyspj;jhHfs; myP (uyp) mtHfs;.

,Nj Nfs;tpia cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfsplk; nrd;W Nfl;l nghOJ> mtHfs; myP (uyp) vd;W gjpyspj;jhHfs;.

md;W ,uTk; te;jJ. kWehs; mjpfhiyapy; mg;JH u`;khd; ,g;D mt;/g; (uyp) mtHfs; xU ,Wjp KbTf;F

te;jhHfs;. ,uT KOtJk; cl;fHe;J> kw;w ehd;F epakd cWg;gpdHfsplKk; fye;jhNyhrid nra;jhHfs;.

,Wjpahf> jdJ ,Wjp Vfkdjhd Kbit epakd cWg;gpdHfsplk; nfhz;L tUtjpy; Njhy;tpiaf; fz;lhHfs;.

gD} `h\pk; kw;Wk; gD} cika;ah Fyj;jtHfSf;fpilNaahd NtWghLfs; jiyJ}f;f> Vfkdjhd KbTf;F

tu ,ayhky; NghdJ. ,Wjpahf mjpfhiy g[;H njhOiff;fhd mjhd; $wg;gl;lJld;> me;j Ngr;RthHj;ij

KbTf;F te;jJ.

njhOifAk; Kbe;jJ> ,g;nghOJ KO kjPdh efuKNk jdJ fz;fisAk;> fhJfisAk; $HjPl;bf; nfhz;L>

mg;JH u`;khd; ,g;D mt;/g; (uyp) mtHfs; vd;d $wg; Nghfpd;whNuh vd;w MtYld; fhj;jpUf;f Muk;gpj;jJ.

mg;JH u`;khd; ,g;nghOJ vOe;J epd;whH. rpy epkpl Neuq;fs; my;yh`;itg; Gfo;e;J tpl;L> jdf;F NeHtop

fhl;LkhW gpuhHj;jidAk; nra;jhH. gpd; kf;fisg; ghHj;J>

vdjUikr; rNfhjuHfNs..!

kpfr; rpwe;j Kbnthd;iw ,g;nghOJ cq;fs; Kd; mwptpf;f ,Uf;fpd;Nwd;. ehd; gy NgHfsplk; ,J Fwpj;Jf;

fUj;Jf; Nfl;L tpl;Lj; jhd; ,Wjp KbTf;F te;Js;Nsd;. vdJ Kbtpy; ePq;fs; khWgl khl;BHfs; vd;W

ek;Gfpd;Nwd;.

gpd; mg;JH u`;khd; gpd; mt;/ghd; (uyp) mtHfs; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfis mioj;jhHfs;. ''ePq;fs; FHMdpd;

fl;lisg;gbAk;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; topKiwg;gbAk;> NeHtop ngw;w Ke;ija fyPghf;fspd;

newpKiwg;gbAk; Ml;rp elj;JNtd;""> vd;w cWjp nkhopiaj; jhUq;fs;> vd;W Nfl;lhHfs;.

vd;dhy; ,ad;w tiuapYk;> vd;Dila kpfr; rpwe;j fy;tp Qhdj;jhYk; vd;Dila thf;FWjpiag; Ngz Kaw;rp

nra;Ntd;> vd;W cWjp $wpdhHfs; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs;. mjid mLj;J mg;JH u`;khd; gpd; mt;/g; (uyp)

mtHfs; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; fuq;fspy; igmj; vd;w rj;jpag;gpuhkzk; nra;jhHfs;. ,t;thwhf> cJkhd;

(uyp) mtHfs; %d;whk; fyPghthfj; NjHT nra;ag;gl;lhHfs;.

mwpKf ciu

igmj; vd;w cWjpg;gpukhzk; vLj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl;l gpd;dH> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; ciuahw;w vOe;J

epd;whHfs;. Gjpjhfj; NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ek;Kila fyPgh mtHfs; ve;jtpjkhd ciuia

epfo;j;jtpUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;gij mwpAk; MtYld; midtUk; fyPghit ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. jhd; Vw;Wf;

nfhz;l Gjpa nghWg;gpd; kPjpUe;j kjpg;gr;rk; fhuzkhf mtuJ cly; rw;Wf; FYq;fpaJ. mtH NgrpaJ ,J

jhd;> vd;Dila NjhoHfNs> Gjpa Fjpiuia fl;Lg;gLj;jp Xl;LtJ vd;gJ kpfTk; fbdkhdJ. cq;fsplk;

Page 130: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

NgRtjw;F ,d;Dk; gy re;jHg;gq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ehd; capUld; ,Uf;Fk;gl;rj;jpy;> ,d;ndhU Kiw ehd;

cq;fsplk; NgRfpd;Nwd;. cq;fSf;Nf njhpAk;> ehd; xU rpwe;j Ngr;rhw;wy; kpf;ftuy;y vd;gJ cq;fSf;F

ed;whfNt njhpAk; vd;W $wpdhH.

Kjy; tof;F

Kjy; tprhuizahf> ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; ,uz;lhtJ kfd; nra;j nfhiyiag; gw;wpa tprhuizahf

,Ue;jJ. cigJy;yh mtHfs; `{HK]hd; kw;Wk; [h/gPdh vd;w ,U ghurPfHfisf; nfhiy nra;jpUe;jhH.

,tHfs; ,UtUk; jdJ je;ijahd ckH (uyp) mtHfisg; gLnfhiy nra;j mG+ Y}Y} Tld; ,ize;J

,e;jf; nfhiyf; Fw;wj;jpy; <Lgl;bUf;fyhk; vd;w re;Njfk; vOe;jjd; fhuzkhf> cigJy;yh`; mtHfshy;

nfhiy nra;ag;gl;L tpl;lhHfs;. ckH (uyp) mtHfs; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;l ehspd; khiyapy;> mG+ Y}Y} Tld;

`{HK]hd; kw;Wk; [h/gpdh Mfpa ,UtUk; jq;fSf;Fs; ufrpakhfg; Ngrpf; nfhz;bUe;jij> mGgf;fH (uyp)

mtHfspd; kfd; mg;JH u`;khd; mtHfs; fz;bUe;jhHfs;. ,jd; fhuzkhf> ,e;jg; gLnfhiyia mG+ Y}Y}

kl;Ly;y mtHfSld; ,e;j ,UtUk; ,ize;J jhd; rjpj; jpl;lk; jPl;bapUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;w re;Njfk; vOe;jJ.

,e;j re;Njfj;jpd; Nghpy;> jdJ je;ijapd; gLnfhiyf;F gopthq;Fk; Kfkhd cigJy;yh`; mtHfs; me;j

,UtiuAk; nfhiy nra;J tpl;lhHfs;.

,e;j tof;F cJkhd; (myp) mtHfspd; Kd;dpiyapy; tprhuizf;fhff; nfhz;L tug;gl;lJ. cJkhd; (uyp)

mtHfs; ,e;j tof;if> Kd;dzp egpj;NjhoHfspd; fUj;Jf;F tpl;lhH. mg;JH u`;khd; ,g;D mGgf;fH mtHfs;

xUthpd; rhl;rpaj;ij kl;Lk; itj;Jf; nfhz;L> ,e;j gopeltbf;iff;Fg; Nghjpa Mjhukhf vLj;Jf; nfhs;s

KbahJ. myP (uyp) mtHfspd; $w;wpypUe;J> kw;wtHfspd; $w;W khw;wkhf mike;jJ. ,e;j tof;fpd; Nghf;fpy;

rpy rpukq;fisf; fz;l cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs;> jhNd ,jidj; jPHf;f Kd;te;jhH. me;j ,uz;L ghurPfHfspd;

gLnfhiyf;F ,uj;j ,og;gPl;Lj; njhif toq;FtJ vd;w KbntLf;fg;gl;lJ. ,we;j ,UtUf;Fk; cwtpdHfs;

,y;yhj fhuzj;jhy;> mtHfSf;Fg; gjpyhf fyPgh mtHfs; tof;if elj;JtJ vd;w KbthfpaJ. ,e;j Kbit

midtUk; Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

NguuR tphpthf;fk;

Kjy; Miz

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; fyP/ghthfg; nghWg;Ngw;Wf; nfhz;lTld;> Kjy; Mizahf jdJ uhZt kw;Wk; rptpy;

mjpfhhpfSf;F ,t;thW cj;jutpl;lhHfs;. 'cq;fsJ eltbf;iffspy; NeHikiag; NgZq;fs;> mjidg; Nghy

gz tp\aj;jpYk; ehzaj;ijg; NgZq;fs;> ,d;Dk; K];ypk; my;yhjtHfSld; rfpg;Gj; jd;ikAld; ele;J

nfhs;Sq;fs; vd;W mwpTWj;jpdhHfs;. ,d;Dk; ePq;fs; vjphpfsplk; thf;FWjp nra;jpUe;jhYk; mjidj; jtwhJ

epiwNtw;wpLq;fs;. ,d;Dk;> ePq;fs; kf;fSf;Fr; Nrit nra;a epakpf;fg;gl;l kw;Wk; mtHfsJ ghJfhtyHfNs

md;wp mtHfsJ jiytHfNsh my;yJ Ml;rpahsHfNsh my;y vd;gij kwe;J tpl Ntz;lhk; vd;W

mwpTWj;jpdhHfs;.

rmj; gpd; mgPtf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; $ghtpd; ftHduhfg; nghWg;Ngw;wpUe;jhHfs;. mg;Jy;yh gpd; k];CJ (uyp)

mtHfs; fUT+yfj;jpw;F mjpfhhpahf epakpf;fg;gl;bUe;jhHfs;. fUT+yj;jpypUe;J fldhfg; ngw;w njhifia>

Fwpj;j fhyj;jpy; nrYj;jj; jtwpa fhuzj;jhy;> ,jid mg;Jy;yh gpd; k];CJ (uyp) mtHfs;> fyP/gh

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSf;Fj; njhptpj;j nghOJ> fyP/gh mtHfs; rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfis

ftHdH gjtpia tpl;Lf; fPopwq;Fk;gb cj;jutpl;lhHfs;.

ngz; tPuhq;fid

m]Hig[hDk;> mHkPdpahTk; ckH (uyp) mtHfsJ Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpd; nghOJ ntw;wp nfhs;sg;gl;L tpl;ld. gpd;G

mit ,];yhkpa Ml;rpapd; gpbapypUe;J eOtp tpl;ld. ,e;j ,uz;L gFjpfSk;> $ghtpd; MSifapd; fPo;

epakpf;fg;gl;bUe;jd. rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; ftHdH nghWg;gpypUe;J ePf;fg;gl;lTld;>

m]Hig[hd; Gul;rp nra;J ,];yhkpa Ml;rpapd; fPo; ,Ue;J tpyfpf; nfhz;lJ. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs;

Nkw;nfhz;l eltbf;if fhuzkhf kPz;Lk;> m]Hig[hd; ,];yhkpa Ml;rpapd; fPo; te;jJ.

mHkpdpahit kPz;Lk; ifg;gw;Wtjw;fhf ry;khd; gpd; uhgpM (uyp) kw;Wk; `gPg; gpd; K];ypkh (uyp) Mfpa

,Uthpd; jiyikapy; xU gilia mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. ,e;jg; gilapy; `gPg; (uyp) mtHfspd; kidtpAk;

cld; nrd;wpUe;jhHfs;. xUehs; `gPg; (uyp) mtHfs;> mHkPdpahtpd; jsgjp K];ypk; gilfs; kPJ jhf;Fjy;

Page 131: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

elj;jj; jpl;lkpl;bUg;gjhf mwpa tUfpd;whH. mHkPdpa uhZtj;ij vjpHj;J jhf;Fk; msTf;F jk;kplk; gil

,y;iy vd;gij czHe;j `gPg; (uyp) mtHfs;> vjphp jhf;f Muk;gpg;gjw;F Kd;Ng ehk; jhf;Fjiyj; njhLj;J

tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W jpl;lkpLfpd;whH.

,jidf; fz;l `gPg; (uyp) mtHfspd; kidtp> md;iwa jpdk; khiy Neuj;jpy; ftr cilia mzpe;J

nfhz;bUe;j jdJ fztiug; ghHj;J> ,e;j khiy Neuj;jpy; ePq;fs; ftr cilia mzpe;J nfhz;L> vq;Nf

Gwg;glj; jahuhfp tpl;BHfs; vd;W Nfl;lhH.

mHkPdpa gilfspy; 10 Ngiuf; nfhd;W tpl;L> ehd; Rtdj;jpd; Rfe;jj;ij Efug; Gwg;gl;L tpl;Nld; vd;W `gPg;

(uyp) mtHfs; jdJ kidtpf;Fg; gjpyspj;jhH.

,jidf; Nfl;l `gPg; (uyp) mtHfspd; kidtp> ePq;fs; kl;Lkh Rtdj;ijr; Ritf;f Ntz;Lk;> Vd; ehDk;

cq;fSld; tuf; $lhjh? vd;W jdf;Fj; jhNd Nfl;Lf; nfhz;ltuhf> jdJ fztH tPl;il tpl;Lf;

fpsk;gpaJk;> jhDk; xU tPuidg; Nghd;W uhZt cil mzpe;J nfhz;L> me;jf; fhhpUspy; vjphpapd; $lhuk;

Nehf;fpg; Gwg;gl;ltH> jdJ fztDf;F Kd;dhs;> vjphpapd; $lhuj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W jdJ fztUf;fhff;

fhj;jpUf;f Muk;gpj;jhH.

`gPg; mtHfs; ,uNthbuthf vjphpapd; $lhuj;jpw;Fs; nrd;W> vjphpf;F mjpHr;rpiaf; nfhLj;jNjhL> fhtyhspiaf;

nfhiy nra;J tpl;L> Neubahf jsgjpapd; $lhuj;jpw;F tpiue;jhH. mq;F xU Mr;rhpaj;ijf; fz;l `gPg; (uyp)

mtHfs;> KO ,uhZt cil mzpe;J nfhz;L> jdJ kidtp jdf;F Kd;Ng mq;F te;J fhj;jpUg;gijf;

fz;L Mr;rhpak; mile;j `gPg; (uyp) mtHfs;> ,UtUk; ,ize;J me;jj; jsgjpiaj; jhf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

,Uthpd; jhf;Fjiy vjpHghHf;fhj jsgjp me;j ,lj;jpNyNa nfhiy nra;ag;gl;L> MHkPdpahtpd; ntw;wp ,Uthpd;

Kaw;rpahy; vspjhf;fg;gl;lJ.

irg;u]; ntw;wp

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpd; nghOJ> rphpahtpd; ftHduhfg;

nghWg;Ngw;wpUe;jhHfs;. ig]he;jpaj;jpd; fPo; mdhNlhypah ,Ue;J te;jJ. `p[;hp 26 d; nghOJ> mdNlhypahtpd;

kPJ gilnaLj;j KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;> mjd; m%hpah vd;w efuj;ijf; ifg;gw;wpdhHfs;. mjid mLj;J

cs;s gpuNjrj;ijAk; ifg;gw;w epidj;j KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;F> jiu khHf;fk; topahf Kd;NdWtJ kpfTk;

rpukkhf ,Ue;jJ. vdNt> mj;Jld; jdJ gilnaLg;ig epWj;jpf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

mjd; gpwF kj;jpa jiuf;fly; gFjpapd; gf;fk; jdJ ftdj;ijr; nrYj;j Muk;gpj;j KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;>

kj;jpa jiuf; fly; gFjpapy; cs;s jPTf; $l;lq;fisf; ifg;gw;Wtjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij czHe;J> mjw;fhd

jpl;lkpLjypy; ,wq;fpdhHfs;.

fly; Nghhpd; kPJ KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;F jdp MHtk; ,Ue;J te;jJ. ,d;Dk; flw;gil ,y;yhky;>

,];yhkpag; gil tYty;yjhf mikahJ vd;gijAk; mtHfs; fzpj;jhHfs;. ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;rpf;

fhyj;jpd; nghOJ> ,jw;fhd jpl;lj;ijAk; jdJ vz;zj;ijAk;> fyPgh ckH (uyp) mtHfsplk; KMtpah (uyp)

mtHfs; njhptpj;j nghOJ> mjpfkhd K];ypk;fis ,of;f NehpLNk vd;w ftiyapy; ckH (uyp) mtHfs;

,thpd; jpl;lj;jpw;Fr; rk;kjpf;f kWj;J tpl;lhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ> Ml;rp khw;wk; Vw;gl;L> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs;

Ml;rpg; nghWg;Gf;F te;jTld;> kPz;Lk; jdJ jpl;lj;ij GJg;gpj;J cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfsplk; Kiwapl;l

nghOJ> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; flw;gil xd;iw mikg;gjw;Fr; rk;kjpj;jNjhL> mjw;fhd rpy

tiuKiwfisAk; tFj;Jj; je;jhHfs;. NkYk;> ,e;jg; gilapy; NrUk;gb ahiuAk; tw;GWj;jf; $lhJ> gq;F

nfhs;gthpd; KOr; rk;kjj;Jld; mtiuf; flw;gilapy; NrHj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;gb cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs;

cj;jutpl;lhHfs;.

`p[;hp 28 Mk; Mz;L> fg;gYld; $ba fg;gw; gil xd;iw KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; epWtpdhHfs;. vfpg;jpd;

ftHdUk;> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSk; ,ize;J nfhs;s> ,U fg;gw;gilAk; irg;u]pw;Fs; Eioa Muk;gpj;jJ.

irg;u]; jPT kf;fs; kpfTk; jPuj;Jld; NghuhbAk; K];ypk;fis ntw;wp nfhs;s ,aytpy;iy. ,Wjpapy;

K];ypk;fSld; rkur xg;ge;jk; nra;J nfhz;lhHfs;. irg;u]; jPitg; ghJfhg;gJ K];ypk;fspd; nghWg;gpy;

te;jJld;> ,d;Dk; irg;u]; jPit K];ypk;fspd; gilj;jskhfg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sTk; xg;ge;jk; nra;J

nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

tlf;F Mg;hpf;fh ifg;gw;wg;gLjy;

Page 132: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

mk;H gpd; M]; (uyp) mtHfs; vfpg;jpd; Kjy; ftHduhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. ,d;Dk; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd;

fhyj;jpYk; rpy fhyq;fs; vfpg;jpd; ftHduhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. ,tiu mLj;J mg;Jy;yh gpd; ruh`; (uyp)

mtHfs; `p[;hp 25 y; Ml;rpg; nghWg;Gf;F te;jTld;> mnyf;]hz;bhpahtpy; fytuq;fs; Muk;gpj;jd. ,e;jf;

fytuq;fis mlf;Ftjw;F kPz;Lk; mk;H ,g;D M]; (uyp) mtHfis cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; mDg;gp

itj;jhHfs;. mjd; gpd; kPz;Lk; ftHduhf mg;Jy;yh (uyp) mtHfs; epakpf;fg;gl;lhHfs;.

`p[;hp 26 y; tlf;F Mg;hpf;f gpuNjrj;jpw;Fs; gilnaLg;G elj;Jk;gb> fyPgh cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; vfpg;jpd;

ftHdUf;F Miz xd;iw mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfsJ Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpd; nghOJ> mk;H gpd; M]; (uyp) mtHfs; jphpg;Nghyp efiuf;

ifg;gwpapUe;jhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ mg;Jy;yh gpd; rHM(uyp) mtHfs; JdPrpahtpd; kPJ gilnaLj;jhHfs;. ,e;jg;

gilapy; ,g;D mg;gh]; (uyp)> ,g;D ckH (uyp)> ,g;D [h/gH (uyp) ,g;D [{igH (uyp) `]d; (uyp) kw;Wk;

`{i]d; (uyp) Nghd;w Kd;dzp egpj;NjhoHfs; gyH ,lk; ngw;wpUe;jhHfs;. ,e;jg; gilnaLg;G K];ypk;fspd;

jug;Gf;F ntw;wpia mspf;Fkh vd;gij cWjp nra;AkhW fyPgh cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

mnyf;]hz;bhpahtpy; Njhd;wp fytuq;fs; mlf;fg;gLtjw;F> tlf;F Mg;hpf;fhit ifg;gw;w Ntz;ba mtrpaKk;

,Ue;jJ. ,d;Dk; tlf;F Mg;hpf;fhtpy; epiy nfhz;bUe;j ig]he;jpag; gilfs;> K];ypk;fSf;F vd;WNk

mr;RWj;jyhfTk; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUe;jJ. vdNt> ,e;j mr;RWj;jiy mfw;Ftjw;F fyPgh cJkhd; (uyp)

mtHfs; KbT nra;jhHfs;. mjd; fhuzkhf tlf;F Mg;hpf;fh kPJ gilnaLg;G elj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;W

jPHkhdkhfpaJ.

fhjy; fij

mg;Jy;yh gpd; rHM (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ gilia jphpg;Nghypapy; Ftpf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,e;j

gilj;jsj;jpypUe;J ig]he;jpag; gilfisj; jhf;Ftjw;Fz;lhd Maj;jq;fisr; nra;a Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. a$gh

vd;w efuj;jpw;fUfpy; kpfg; nghpa ig]he;jpag; gilfs; Ftpf;fg;gl;bUg;gijAk;> mit K];ypk; gilfs;

Kd;NdWtjw;F fLikahd jilf; fy;yhf ,Ug;gij czHe;jhHfs;. ig]he;jpag; gilfNsh 1 yl;rj;J 20

Mapuj;jpw;Fk; mjpfkhd tPuHfisf; nfhz;ljhf ,Ue;j mNj Neuj;jpy;> K];ypk;fs; jug;gpNyh mjid tplf;

Fiwthd vz;zpf;ifapy; jhd; giltPuHfs; ,Ue;jdH.

,g;nghOJ ,U gilfSk; Nkhj Muk;gpj;jd> rpy ehl;fs; NghH ele;J ,U jug;gpYk; ahUf;Fk; ntw;wp

fpilf;fhj epiyNa ePbj;jJ. ngHgHfs; kpfg; nghpa ig]he;jpag; gilfis epWj;jp itj;jpUe;jdH. mtHfs;

kpfTk; cf;fpuj;Jld; Nghhpl Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. gy ehl;fs; fope;Jk;> ,U jug;gpYk; ,og;gPLfs; rkkhfNt

,Ue;jd. ,jid mwpe;j ig]he;jpag; gilj; jsgjp xU Gj;jprhypj;jdkhd jpl;lj;ij mwptpj;jhd;.

mjd;gb> ahH K];ypk; jsgjp mg;Jy;yh mtHfspd; jiyiaf; nfha;J tUfpd;whHfNsh mtHfSf;F kpfg; nghpa

ghpRj; njhif fhj;jpUg;gjhf mwptpj;jhd;. mjw;fhd ghpRj; njhifahf> Xuhapuk; jq;ff; fl;bfSk;> mj;Jld;

jdJ kfisAk; kzKbj;J itg;gjhf thf;fspj;jhd;. ,jd; %yk; K];ypk;fspd; kd typikiaf; Fiyj;J>

ntw;wpiaj; jdjhf;fpf; nfhs;s ig]he;jpag; gilj; jsgjp jpl;lkpl;lhd;.

,e;j mwptpg;gpd; fhuzkhf> mg;Jy;yh (uyp) mtHfSf;F kpfg; nghpa ghJfhg;G toq;fg;gl;lNjhL> mtH

vg;nghOJ jdJ $lhuj;jpNyNa jq;fpf; nfhz;L jdJ mYty;fisf; ftdpf;fj; njhlq;fpdhHfs;. ,jidf;

fz;l mg;Jy;yh gpd [{igH (uyp) mtHfs;> K];ypk;fspy; ahH ig]he;jpag; gilj; jsgjpapd; jiyiaf;

nfha;J tUfpd;whHfNsh mtHfSf;F Mapuk; jq;ff; fl;bfSk;> ,d;Dk; ig]he;jpa ,sturpAk; kzKbj;J

itf;fg;gLthHfs; vd;w mwptpg;ig ntspapl;lhHfs;.

,e;j mwptpg;G ntspahd rpy jpdq;fspy;> ig]he;jpag; gilj; jsgjp nfhiy nra;ag;gl;lhd;. ig]he;jpag;

gilfs; jsgjpia ,oe;J> rpjwp Xl Muk;gpj;jd. ,Wjpapy; K];ypk;fs; ntw;wp ngw;whHfs;.

NghH Kbe;jTld;> ig]he;jpag; gilj; jsgjpapd; jiyiaf; nfha;jJ ahH vd;w Nfs;tp vOe;jJ. vtUk; Kd;

te;J me;jg; ghpirg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Kd;tutpy;iy. ,Wjpapy; ig]he;jpa ,sturp jdJ je;ijahiuf; nfhiy

nra;j egiu milahsk; fhl;bdhH. mtH milahsk; fhl;ba egH NtW ahUk; my;y> mg;Jy;yh gpd; [{igH

(uyp) mtHfNsahthHfs;. gpd;> me;j ,sturpia mg;Jy;yh gpd; [{igH (uyp) mtHfSf;F kzKbj;J

itf;fg;gl;lJ.

,e;j ntw;wpahdJ> tlf;F Mg;hpf;fhtpd; kPjhd gilnaLg;Gf;F kpfTk; cjtpfukhf mike;jJ. ,g;nghOJ>

Page 133: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

K];ypk; gilfs; JdPrpah kw;Wk; nkhuhf;Nfh tpd; gy ,lq;fspy; CLWt Muk;gpj;jhHfs;> mjd; Kf;fpa

efuq;fisf; ifg;gw;wpdhHfs;.

tlf;F Mg;hpf;fhtpd; kPjhd gilnaLg;G KO ntw;wpia mspg;gjw;F> 14 khjq;fs; Mfpd. ,e;jf; FWfpa

ehl;fspy;> KO tl Mg;hpf;fhitAk; K];ypk;fs; jq;fsJ trk; nfhz;L te;jdH. tl Mg;hpf;fh ,g;nghOJ muGg;

gpuNjrj;jpd; xU gFjpahfg; ghpzkpf;f Muk;gpj;jJ.

Kjy; fly; NghH

muGyf tuyhw;wpy; `p[;hp 31 y; Kjd; Kjyhf fly; NghH ele;jJ. mg;nghOJ fhd;];lhd;bd;Nehgpis

jiyefuhff; nfhz;L ig]he;jpa kd;dH Mz;L nfhz;bUe;jhH. mtH K];ypk;fspd; iftrk; ,Ue;j vfpg;jpd;

mnyf;]hz;bhpah efiuf; ifg;gw;wpNa jPUNtd; vd;W #Siuj;jpUe;jhH. mjd; mbg;gilapy; 500 NghHf;

fg;gy;fSld; ig]he;jpaj;ij tpl;L gilfs; mnyf;]hz;bhpahit Nehf;fpf; fpsk;gpd.

,jidf; Nfs;tpg;gl;l K];ypk;fs; ig]he;jpag; gilfis jLj;J epWj;jpNa Mf Ntz;Lk; vd;W KbntLj;J>

Kjd; Kjyhf fly; Nghhpy; Fjpj;jdH. KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; gil rphpahtpypUe;Jk;> mg;Jy;yh gpd; [Huh`;

(uyp) mtHfspd; gil vfpg;jpy; ,Ue;Jk; fpsk;gpaJ. ig]he;jpag; gilfs; mnyf;]hz;bhpahit miltjw;F

Kd;Ng mtHfis vjpHnfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nehf;fpy; K];ypk; gilfs; fpsk;gpd. ,uz;L gilfSk;

eLf;flypy; vjphpg; gilfisr; re;jpf;Fk; Kd;Ng re;jpj;Jf; nfhz;ld. ,ize;J nfhz;ld.

,g;nghOJ Kjy; fly; NghH Jtq;fpaJ. NghH kpfTk; fLikahf eilngw;wJ. K];ypk;fSf;F ,JNt Kjy;

Nghuhf ,e;jhYk;> mtHfs; vjpYk; ehq;fs; Kd;dzp tfpf;ff; $batHfs; jhd; vd;gij ep&gpj;Jf;

fhl;bdhHfs;. me;jg; gFjpapd; fly; ePH jdJ ePyj; jd;ikia khw;wpf; nfhz;L> rptg;ghff; fhl;rp mspf;f

Muk;gpj;jJ. vq;Fk; ig]he;jpag; gilfspd; ,we;j cly;fs; jhd; kpje;J nfhz;bUe;jd. ,Ug;gpDk;

ig]he;jpag; gilfs; jq;fsJ epiyfis tpl;Lf; nfhLf;fhky; Nghuhbf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. ,Wjpapy; vjphpg;

gilfs;> rprpypj; jPtpdpy; milf;fyk; GFe;J nfhz;lhHfs;. K];ypk;fs; ntw;wpAld; ehL jpUk;gpdhHfs;.

,e;j Kjy; fly; NghH mDgtNk> flw;gil Aj;jj;jpy; kpfr; rpwg;ghd mj;jpahaj;ij K];ypk;fSf;Fj; Jtf;fp

itj;jJ. kpf ePz;l fhyj;jpw;Fg; gpd; K];ypk;fs; flw;gilapy; ftdk; nrYj;j Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. `p[;hp 31 y;

Muk;gpj;j ,e;j tYthd flw;gil> jdJ Mjpf;fj;ij 16 k; E}w;whz;L tiu njhlHe;Jk; jf;f itj;Jf;

nfhz;bUe;jJ. mjd; gpd; ,];yhkpa rhk;uh[;aj;jpw;Fs; Vw;gl;l Fog;g epiy fhuzkhf> ,e;jf; flw;gil

gykpof;f Muk;gpj;jJ.

ngHrpah kw;Wk; jhg;hp];jhd;

`p[;hp 26 y; ngH]pahtpy; Fog;g epiy Jtq;fpaJ. g];uhtpd; ftHdH> Fog;gf;fhuHfis mlf;Ftjw;fhf

ngH]pahtpd; kPJ gil vLj;jhH. mtHfs; mlf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. kPz;Lk; ngHrpahtpy; mikjp jpUk;g Muk;gpj;jJ.

`p[;hp 30 y; $/gh tpd; ftHdH> jhg;hp];jhid Nehf;fpj; jdJ gilfis mDg;gp itj;jhH. jhg;hp];jhd;

ifg;gw;wg;gl;lJ. ,Nj fhyj;jpy; Fu]hdpYk; Fog;g epiy Muk;gpj;jJ. ,jidAk; mlf;fg;gl;lJ.

`p[;hp 31 y; v];l;fphpl; vd;w <uhd; kd;dH> nfhy;yg;gl;lhH. mtH jdJ kzpKbia ,oe;J tpl;lhYk;> mjidj;

jpUk;g mile;J nfhs;Sk; jdJ Kaw;rpapy; Jtz;L tpltpy;iy. mtH xt;nthU khfhzj;jpw;Fk; ,lk; ngaHe;J

nrd;W> Mq;fhq;Nf mikjpaw;w #o;epiyia cUthf;fpf; nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jhH. ,J <uhdpd; mikjpf;Fg; ngUk;

Kl;Lf; fl;ilahf mike;jJ. jdJ ,Wjp Kaw;rpahf rp];jhdpw;Fs; <uhdpd; kd;dH Eioe;jhH.

JUf;fp];jhdj;jpd; rpy jiytHfspd; cjtpAld;> rp];jhdpd; kPJ gilnaLj;jhH. me;jg; Nghhpy; <uhdpd; kd;dH

Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;lhH. mtH jd;idg; ghJfhf;Fk; Nehf;fj;Jld;> mq;fpUe;jnjhU khT muit kpy;Yf;Fs;

Eioe;J nfhz;lhH. me;j muit kpy;ypd; chpikahsH> <uhdpd; kd;dH jhd; ,q;F te;J milf;fyk;

GFe;jpUf;fpd;whH vd;gij mwpahjtuhf> <uhdpd; kd;dH mzpe;jpUe;j tpiyAaHe;j mzpfyd;fs; kw;Wk;

cilfSf;F Mirg;gl;L> mtiuf; nfhd;W mUfpy; Xbf; nfhz;bUe;j Mw;wpy; tPrp vwpe;jhH. ,j;Jld; <uhd;

kd;dhpd; rjp Ntiyfs; epiwTf;F te;jd.

cs;ehl;Lf; Fog;gk;

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; jhd; ,];yhkpa rhk;uh[;aj;jpd; tPo;r;rpf;F toptFj;j cs;ehl;Lf;

Fog;gk; Muk;gkhdJ. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiiyf;Fg; gpd;djhf mJ tYtile;jJ. ,aw;ifapNyNa

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; kpfTk; ,sfpa kdk; gilj;jtuhf ,Ue;jhHfs;. gpwUila Fiwfis mtH mjpfk;

Page 134: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

nghpJ gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjpy;iy. ,jdhy;> jtW nra;tJ vd;gJ gpuNjrf; ftHdHfsplk; $l kype;J te;jJ.

ckH (uyp) mtHfisg; Nghd;wnjhU kpfTk; fLikahd eltbf;if vLf;Fk; jpdw;wtuhf cJkhd; (uyp)

mtHfs; jpfo;e;jhHfs;. ,jdhy;> kPz;Lk; <uhDk;> ig]he;jpaKk; K];ypk;fSf;F vjpuhff; fpsHe;njOk; #o;epiy

cUthdJ. ,J cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; ,ayhikiag; nghpjhfg; giwrhw;w Muk;gpj;jJ. ,jd; tpisT

xt;nthU gFjpapd; jiyefhpYk; vjpnuhypj;jJ. Mq;fhq;Nf> mikjpaw;w jd;ik njhlHe;jJ. ,d;Dk;>

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ fypghg; gjtpia Vw;Wf; nfhz;l nghOJ> kpfTk; tajhfp jsHTw;w epiyapNyNa>

jdJ nghWg;ig Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhH. Mf ,j;jid mk;rq;fisAk;> rpy Raeykpfs; jq;fSf;Fr; rhjkhfg;

gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Muk;gpj;jJld;> Fog;gq;fis jq;fsJ Nehf;fq;fis epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;Sk; rhjdkhfTk;

gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

mg;Jy;yh gpd; ]gh

mg;Jy;yh gpd; rgh> vd;nwhU A+jd; my;yJ akd; Njrj;ijr; NrHe;jtd; jhd; mNugpahtpd; KOf; Fog;g

epiyf;Fk; fhuzfHj;jhthfj; jpfo;e;jhd;. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;rpf; fhyg;gFjpapd; nghOJ> ,td;

kjPdhtpw;F te;jhd;> mq;F jd;id kpfTk; ,iwek;gpf;ifAs;s cz;ikahd K];ypk; vd;W ,dq; fhl;bf;

nfhz;lhd;. Mdhy;> ,jw;nfy;yhk; xU fhuzfhhpaKk;> jpl;lKk; ,Ue;jJ. jdJ jpl;lj;ij epiwNtw;wpf;

nfhs;tjw;fhf mtd; kjPdhtpy; rpy fhyk; jq;fpapUe;J> mq;Fs;s epyikfis ed;F Ma;T nra;J nfhz;lhd;.

gD} `h]pk; Fyj;jtHfs; jhd; cz;ikapNyNa> fypghg; gjtpia mDgtpg;gjw;Fj; jFjp cilatHfs; vd;w

vz;zk; mtHfsplk; ,Ug;gij mwpe;J nfhz;lhd;. myP (uyp) mtHfs; jhd; Ml;rpg; nghWg;Gf;F tu Ntz;LNk

xopa> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfsy;y vd;w mtHfsJ vz;zj;ij mwpe;J nfhz;lhd;. ,jidNa jdJ

jpl;lj;jpw;fhd %yf; fUg; nghUshff; nfhz;L> Fog;gj;jpw;fhd thriyj; jpwf;f Muk;gpj;jhd;.

kpfTk; Gj;jprhJHaj;Jld; jdJ jpl;lj;ij Muk;gpj;jhd;. Kjypy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kPJk;> mtHfsJ

FLk;gj;jhH kPJk; jhd; mstw;w md;G nfhz;ltd; Nghy kf;fSf;Fj; jd;id ,dq; fhl;bf; nfhz;lhd;.

,jid %yjdkhf itj;J> xU Gjpa fijia jphpj;J tpl Muk;gpj;jhd;. mtd; $wpdhd; :

xt;nthU ,iwj;J}jUk; jdf;nfd;W xU cjtpahsiu itj;Jf; nfhs;sf; $batHfshf ,Ug;ghHfs;. me;j

cjtpahsH> ,iwj;J}jUf;F kpfTk; neUq;fpa Rw;wj;jhuhfTk; ,Ug;ghH vd;Wk; $wpa mtd;> mjw;F

cjhuzkhf egp %]h (miy) mtHfSf;F mtuJ rNfhjuH `h&d; (miy) mtHfs; cjtpahshuhf

,Ue;jij vLj;Jf; fhl;bdhd;. vdNt> ,e;j mbg;gilapy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;Fk; xU cjtpahsH

,Ue;jhf Ntz;Lk;. me;j cjtpahsH ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; neUq;fp cwtpdhuhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

,e;j mbg;gilapy; Nehf;fpdhy;> myP (uyp) mtHfs; jhd;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;Fg; gpd;G fyPghg;

gjtpia myq;fphpf;f ty;ytH> jFjpahdtH vd;Wk; $wpdhd;. vdNt> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfis fyPghg; gjtpapy;

,Ue;J ePf;f Ntz;Lk;. mtUf;Fg; gjpyhf myP (uyp) mtHfis ,e;jg; gjtpapy; mkHj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;w

Nfhhpf;ifia Kd; itj;jhd;.

mg;Jy;yh gpd; rgh jdJ fUj;Jf;fis kiwKfkhfg; gug;gp te;jhd;. NkYk;> K];ypk;fspd; Kf;fpa efuq;fs;

midj;jpw;Fk; nrd;W> mq;Fk; jdJ fUj;Jf;fis kiwKfkhfg; gug;gp te;jNjhL> jdJ fUj;Jf;fSf;fhf

MjuT tl;lq;fisAk; jahH nra;a Muk;gpj;jhd;. ,jw;fhf jdJ fUj;Jf;fis nrtp Vw;W mjid Vw;Wf;

nfhs;sf; $ba egHfis NjHe;njLj;J> jdJ fUj;Jf;fSf;F tYr; NrHf;f Muk;gpj;jhd;. ,tHfspy; Fwpg;ghf>

vg;nghOJNk Ml;rpahsHfs; kPJ Fiw Ngrpj; jphpAk; egHfs; jhd; ,tdJ rjp tiyapy; tPo;j;jg;gl;ltHfshf

,Ue;jhHfs;. ,tHfs;> ,g;Nghija fyPgh jhd; ,g;nghOJ eilngw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; cs;ehl;Lf; Fog;gj;jpd;

#j;jpujhhp vd;Wk; mtHfs; tje;jpfis ntF vspjhf kf;fs; kj;jpapy; gug;g Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

mtd; jdJ Nehf;fj;ij XusT mile;J nfhz;lJld;> jdJ ,Ug;gplkhf ,g;nghOJ vfpg;jpid Mf;fpf;

nfhz;lhd;. ,e;j ufrpa FOthdJ kpfTk; Ntfj;Jld; tsHe;J te;jJ. mtHfs; jq;fsJ FOtpdiuf;

fPo;f;fz;l tiffspy; jahHgLj;jpdhHfs; :

,e;jf; FOtpdH jq;fis kpfTk; ,iwek;gpf;if nfhz;l kf;fshf nghJkf;fsplk; fhl;bf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

kf;fspd; eyd; tpUk;gpfshfTk; jq;fis milahsg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

,tHfs; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;rpapd; kPJ Fw;wq;fisj; Njbg;gpbj;Jg; gug;gpdhHfs;. mtw;wpy; rpy Mjhuk;

Njitaw;wjhfTk; ntspg;gilahdjhfTk; $l ,Ue;jJ. ,jidf; nfhz;Nl> ,y;yhj rpy FiwfisAk; type;J

gug;g Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

Page 135: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

rpy mYtyHfspd; kPJ njhlHe;J GfhH $wg;gl;lJ. mtHfs; ,iwek;gpf;ifaw;wtHfs; vd;Wk;> jFjpaw;wtHfs;

vd;Wk; GfhH $wg;gl;lJ.

Nghypf; fbjq;fs;> kw;Wk; Mtzq;fs; jahhpf;fg;gl;L> mit ehl;bd; gy gFjpapy; cs;s efuq;fSf;Fk;

tpepNahfk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. rghtpd; Ml;fs; ,e;jf; fbjj;ij kf;fsplk; gbj;Jf; fhz;gpj;J> Kbe;jtiu

kf;fsplk; mjd; fUj;Jf;fisf; nfhz;L NrHj;jdH. ,d;Dk; ,e;j Nghypf; fbjq;fspy;> ,tHfSf;F Mjuthf

myP (uyp)> jy;`h (uyp)> RigH (uyp) Nghd;wtHfs; ,Ug;gjhfTk; fhl;bf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,it ey;y

jhf;fj;ij kf;fs; kj;japy; tpistpj;jNjhL> nghJ kf;fspd; fUj;Jk; ,g;nghOJ jpirkhw Muk;gpj;jJ> fyPgh

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfis Ml;rpg; nghWg;gpypUe;J mfw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;w Fuy;fs; ,];yhkpa rhk;uh[;ankq;Fk;

cuj;J Koq;f Muk;gpj;jd> ,];yhkpa rhk;uh[;ak; Kd;idf; fhl;bYk; mikjpia ,oe;J jtpj;jNjhL> Fog;gNk

vq;Fk; kype;J fhzg;gl;lJ.

mikjpapd;ik - mG+ %]h my; m\;mhP (uyp) ePf;fk;

,g;nghOJ mg;Jy;yh gpd; rgh tpd; rjp Ntiyfs; kpfTk; ed;whf Ntiy nra;a Muk;gpj;jd. g]uhtpd;

ftHduhf mG+ %]h my; m\;mhP (uyp) vd;w kpfg; ngUk; egpj;NjhoH tPw;wpUe;jhH. xUehs; mG+ %]h (uyp)

mtHfs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ fhyj;jpy; egpj;NjhoHfs; ntw;Wf; fhYld; $l NghUf;Fr; nrd;W>

,iwtDila jpUg; nghUj;jj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs; vd;W kf;fs; kj;jpapy; ciuahw;wpdhH. mjd;gpd; rpy

fhyq;fspy; fopj;J> mG+ %]h (uyp) mtHfs; Fjpiuapy; mkHe;j tz;zk; xU NghUf;Ff; fpsk;gpf;

nfhz;bUe;jhH. ,jidg; ghHj;j rghtpd; Ml;fs; ,J jhd; jUzk; vd;W jq;fsJ rjp Ntiyfis

Muk;gpj;jdH.

ghUq;fs; ,e;j Ml;rpahsiu..!

rpy ehl;fSf;F Kd; ek;kplk; ciuahw;wpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ> egpj;NjhoHfs; ntWq;fhYld; NghUf;Fr;

nrd;W mghpjkhd ew;$ypfis ,iwtdplk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs; vd;W $wp tpl;L> ,g;nghOJ ,tH Fjpiuapd;

kPJ mkHe;J NghUf;Ff; fpsk;gpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whH. ,J nrhy;Yf;Fk;> nraYf;Fk; khw;wkhf my;yth

,Uf;fpd;wJ?! vd;w Nfs;tpia nghJkf;fs; kj;jpapy; vOg;gpdH.

,d;Dk;> ,tH ntWq;fhYld; ele;J NghH Kfj;Jf;Fr; nrd;W> ,iwtdplk; mghpjkhd ed;ikfisg; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;s Ntz;baJ jhNd vd;w Nfs;tpiaAk; vOg;gpdhHfs;.

,tHfsJ fUj;Jf;fSf;F xj;Jg; ghLgtHfshf jq;fsJ Ml;fisj; jahH nra;jpUe;j fhuzj;jhy;> ,e;jf;

fUj;J tYthdNjhL> ,e;jg; GfhH kjPdhtpy; cs;s fyPghtpw;Fk; mDg;gg;gl;lJ. fyPgh mtHfs; ,jw;F Nky;

vJTk; nra;a ,ayhj epiyapy;> mG+ %]h (uyp) mtHfis Ml;rpg; nghWg;gpypUe;J ePf;Fk;gb jPHkhdk;

epiwNtw;Wfpd;whHfs;.

mtUf;Fg; gjpyhf mg;Jy;yh gpd; MkpH (uyp) mtHfs; g]uhtpd; ftHduhf epakpf;fg;gLfpd;whHfs;.

mG+ %]h (uyp) mtHfs; ePf;fk; nra;ag;gl;lhYk;> jpUg;jpailahj rghf;fs;> mg;Jy;yh gpd; MkpH (uyp)

mtHfSf;F vjpuhfTk; rjpfisj; njhlu Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

,tH vd;d tajpy; kpfTk; ,isatuhf ,Uf;fpd;whH> ,d;Dk; fyPghTf;Fr; nrhe;jf;fhuuhfTk; $l

,Uf;fpd;whH.

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs;> Ml;rpg; nghWg;G mj;jidf;Fk; jdJ cwtpdHfisNa my;yth epakpj;Jf;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;whH vd;Wk; mtHfs;> mg;Jy;yh gpd; MkpH (uyp) kw;Wk; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhd

fUj;Jf;fis kf;fs; kj;jpapy; gug;g Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

Mf nkhj;jk; A+jdpd; %is ,];yhkpa rhk;uh[;aj;ij Jz;lhLk; jpiria Nehf;fp Ntiy nra;jJ. ,jid

mwpahj K];ypk;fs; gyH ,e;j rjp tiyapy; tPo;e;jNjhL> jq;fspd; rtf; Fopfis jhq;fNs Njhz;bf; nfhz;l>

rjp tuyhw;iw jq;fisAk; mwpahkNyNa elj;jpf; nfhs;s Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

$ypg;gilapdhpd; Nfhug;gpbapy; $/gh

$gh..> ,e;jg; gpuNjrj;jpd; ftHduhf> <uhid ntd;nwLj;j Ntq;if rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp)

epakpf;fg;gl;bUe;jhHfs;. ,tH muRf; fUT+yfj;jpypUe;J xU rpwpa njhifiaf; fldhfg; ngw;wpUe;jhHfs;.

mjidf; Fwpj;j fhyf; nfLTf;Fs; nrYj;j mtH jtwp ,Ue;jhH. ,e;jf; fhuzj;ij itj;J> rmj; gpd;

Page 136: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

mgPtf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhf xU GfhH kDit fyPgh cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSf;F> ,e;j rghtpd;

Ml;fs; mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. ,jid mwpe;j fyPgh mtHfs;> clNd rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfis

Ml;rpg; nghWg;gpypUe;J ePf;fk; nra;jhH. mtUf;Fg; gjpyhf tyPj; gpd; cf;gh (uyp) mtHfs; epakpf;fg;gl;lhHfs;.

,tH kpfTk; cWjp tha;e;j> fz;bg;ghd ftHduhf ,Ue;jhH. ,tH tp\kpfSf;F vjpuhf cWjpahd

eltbf;iffs; gytw;iw vLj;J> tp\kpfis mlf;f Kaw;rp nra;jhH.

xU ehs; ,uT rpy tp\kpfs; xU tPl;il cilj;J> me;j tPl;by; cs;s nghUl;fis nfhs;isabj;Jr;

nrd;wNjhL kl;Lky;yhJ> me;j tPl;bd; chpikahsiuAk; nfhiy nra;J tpLfpd;whHfs;. ,e;jf; nfhs;isapYk;>

gLnfhiyapYk; <Lgl;ltHfis ftHdH mtHfs; fz;Lgpbj;J> mtHfSf;F kuz jz;lidiaAk; toq;fpdhH.

,e;j kuz jz;lid epiwNtw;wkhdJ> rghtpd; Ml;fis Nfhgkilar; nra;jJ. kpfTk; cWjp tha;e;j

jiyik $ghtpd; Ml;rpg; nghWg;gpy; ,Ug;gJ> ek;Kila rjpr; nray;fSf;F Mgj;jhdJ vd;gij czHe;J

nfhz;l rghtpd; Ml;fs;> ftHdUf;F vjpuhd rjpr; nray;fis KLf;fp tpl Muk;gpj;jdH.

$gh tpd; ftHdH kJghdj;ijf; Fbf;f Muk;gpj;Js;shH vd;w ngha; Gfhiu fyPgh cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSf;F

mDg;gp itj;jNjhL> ftHdhpd; ,U cjtpahsHfis ,jidg; ghHj;j rhl;rpfshfTk;> rhl;rp $w mDg;gp

itj;jhHfs;. rhl;rpfs; tprhhpf;fg;gl;ldH. rhl;rpfspd; rhl;rpak; fhuzkhf> $ghtpd; ftHdH kPjhd Fw;wk;

cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;bUg;gjhf myP (uyp) mtHfs; fUj;Jf; $wTk;> fyPgh cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; tyPj; gpd;

cf;gh (uyp) mtHfisAk; $gh ftHdH nghWg;gpypUe;J ePf;fk; nra;J cj;jutpl;lhHfs;.

tyPj; gpd; cf;gh (uyp) mtHfSf;Fg; gjpyhf ,g;nghOJ> rmj; gpd; M]; (uyp) mtHfs; $ghtpd; ftHduhf

epakpf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. rmj; gpd; M]; (uyp) mtHfs;> xt;nthU ehs; ,uTk; nghJkf;fis jdJ ,y;yj;jpw;F

tutioj;J> ehl;L elg;G kw;Wk; gy tp\aq;fs; Fwpj;J fye;Jiuahlf; $batuhf ,Ue;jhH. ,e;j tha;g;ig

ed;F gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;l rgh tpd; Ml;fs;> ,e;j ,uTr; re;jpg;gpw;F mjpf mstpy; jpuz;L tu Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

ehSf;Fs; ehs; ,e;j ,uTr; re;jpg;gpy;> gy gpur;idfis cUthf;fpf; nfhz;Nl te;jhHfs;. xU ehs; ftHdhpd;

Kd;dpiyapy; itj;Nj> xU egiu rghtpd; Ml;fs; mbj;Jj; Jd;GWj;j Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ epyik Kw;wpaJk;> mjid vjpHj;J vJTk; nra;tjwpahjtuhf ftHdH ,Ue;jhH. Fog;gf;fhuHfs;

kpfTk; rf;jp gilj;jtHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;. ,e;jf; Fog;gf; fhuHfs; kPJ ve;j eltbf;ifiaAk; vLf;f

,ayhjpUe;jhH. epyikfs; Nkhrkhfpr; nrd;W nfhz;bUf;fTk;> nghJkf;fs; fyPghTf;F xU GfhH kDit

mDg;gp> chpa eltbf;if vLf;FkhW Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,d;Dk; ,e;j Fog;gf; fhuHfspd; gpbapypUe;J

$ghit kPl;Fk;gbAk; mtHfs;> Nfhhpf;if tpLj;jhHfs;.

epyikiag; Ghpe;J nfhz;l fyPgh cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs;> ,e;jf; Fog;gf;fhuHfis rphpahtpd; ftHdH KMtpah

(uyp) mtHfsplk; mDg;gp itf;Fk;gb $gh ftHdUf;F cj;jutpLfpd;whHfs;. fyPgh mtHfspd; cj;juT

nray;gLj;jg;gl;L> Fog;gf;fhuHfis $ghtpd; ftHdH> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfsplk; mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. KMtpah

(uyp) mtHfs; me;jf; Fog;gf;fhuHfsplk; ey;y Kiwapy; gofp> mtHfsJ kdij khw;w Kaw;rp nra;jhHfs;.

Mdhy; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfisNa ,e;jf; Fog;gf;fhuHfs; vjpHj;jNjhL> fl;Lg;glTk; kWj;jhHfs;.

nra;tjwpahj KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;> ,e;jf; nfl;l kdpjHfis jd;dhy; jpUj;j ,ayhJ vd;W fyPgh

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSf;F nra;jp njhptpf;fpd;whHfs;.

mg;nghOJ> `pk;]; gFjpapd; ftHduhf ,Ue;j mg;JHu`;khd; gpd; fhypj; (uyp) mtHfsplk;> me;jf;

Fog;gf;fhuHfs; mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. mg;JHu`;khd; gpd; fhypj; (uyp) mtHfs; fz;bg;ghdtH. ,tH ,e;jf;

Fog;ghf;fhuHfsplk; kpfTk; fbdkhfNt ele;J nfhz;lhH. ,e;jf; fz;bg;ghdJ mtHfis XusT topf;Ff;

nfhz;L te;jJ. ,dpNky; ehq;fs; jpUe;jp tho;Nthk;> Kd;G nra;jJ Nghd;w Fog;gkhd nray;fspy; <Lgl

khl;Nlhk; vd;W mtHfs; mg;JHu`;khd; gpd; fhypj; (uyp) mtHfsplk; thf;FWjp mspj;jhHfs;. ,e;jr; nra;jp

fyPgh cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSf;Fj; njhptpf;fg;gl;lJ. cz;ikapy; mtHfs; jpUe;jp tho Mirg;gl;lhy;> kPz;Lk;

mtHfisf; $ghtpw;Nf mDg;gp itj;J tpLk;gb> mg;JHu`;khd; gpd; fhypj; (uyp) mtHfSf;F> fyPgh cJkhd;

(uyp) mtHfs; gjpy; mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. Mdhy;> Fog;gf;fhuHfspd; rjpj; jiyefukhf kPz;Lk; ,tHfspd;

tUifapdhy; $gh khw;wg;gl;lJ> vq;Fk; Fog;gNk jiythpj;jhbaJ.

mg;Jy;yh gpd; ]gh jdJ ,af;fj;jpd; jiyikafkhf vfpg;ij Mf;fpf; nfhz;lhd;. ,jw;Fg; gy fhuzq;fs;

,Ue;jd. ,J fpof;F kw;Wk; Nkw;Nf cs;s Nguurpw;fhd kj;jpa jskhf tpsq;fpaJ. ,uz;lhtjhf> vfpg;jpd;

Page 137: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

Ke;ija ftHdH mk;H gpd; M]; (uyp) mtHfs; gpugy;akhdtuhf ,Ue;j mNjNtisapy;> mtiu mLj;J gjtpf;F

te;j mg;Jy;yh gpd; ]HM mtHfs; me;jsTf;F kf;fsplk; gpugy;akhfhjtuhf ,Ue;jhH. mk;H gpd; M]; (uyp)

mtHfs; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfshy; gjtp ePf;fk; nra;ag;gl;bUe;jhHfs;. ,J xd;Nw kf;fs; kj;jpapy;

mjpUg;jpiaj; Njhw;Wtpg;gjw;F gykhf fhuzkhf> mg;Jy;yh gpd; ]ghTf;F fpilj;jJ. %d;whtjhf> tlf;F

Mg;hpf;fhtpd; kPJ vfpg;jpd; ftHdH gilnaLj;Jr; nrd;w epfo;Tk; NrHe;J> mg;Jy;yh gpd; ]ghit mlf;fp

itg;gjw;fhd rhpahd Ml;jpj; jiyikAk; ,y;iy> kw;Wk; mjw;fhd #o;epiyfSk; xj;J tuTk; ,y;iy.

,j;jifa midj;Jf; fhuzq;fSk; ,ize;J nfhs;s mg;Jy;yh gpd; ]gh ve;jj; jilAkpd;wp jdJ

Nehf;fq;fis epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;s VJthf mike;J tpl;lJ.

,d;Dk; vfpg;jpy; mg;Jy;yh gpd; ]ghTf;F> K`k;kJ gpd; `{ijgh kw;Wk; K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH vd;w

NjhoHfs; fpilj;J tpl;lJk; mtdJ jpl;lq;fis vspjhfr; nray;gLj;Jtjw;F VJthf mike;jJ. K`k;kJ

gpd; `{ijgh vd;gtH> mehijahf tplg;gl;ltH> ,tiu cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; jhd; tsHj;jhHfs;. ,tH

thypgg; gUtj;ij mile;jTld;> VjhtnjhU gFjpf;Fj; jd;idf; ftHduhf epakpf;Fk;gb Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhH.

,e;jg; gjtpf;fhf jFjpia mtH ngw;wpuhj fhuzj;jhy;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; ,tuJ Nfhhpf;ifia

epuhfhpj;J tpLfpd;whHfs;. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; ,e;jr; nray; `{ijghit Nfhgk; nfhs;sr; nra;fpd;wJ.

mjd; fhuzkhf ,tH vfpg;J te;J> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhff; nray;gl Muk;gpj;J tpl;lhH.

jdJ nrhe;j mYty;fs; fhuzkhf> K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH mtHfSk; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; kPJ

fLq;Nfhgk; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. ,tiu tsHj;njLj;jtH myP (uyp) MthHfs;. ,tUila jhahH> mGgf;fH (uyp)

mtHfSila tpjit kidtpahthH> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; ,we;jjd; gpd;G> myP (uyp) mtHfs; ,tiu kze;J

nfhs;fpd;whH. K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH mtHfs; xU kdpjhplk; fld; ngw;wpUe;jhHfs;. mjidf; Fwpj;j

jtizapy; jpUg;gpr; nrYj;jj; jtwpAk; tpLfpd;whHfs;. fld; nfhLj;jtH> fyp/gh cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfsplk;

GfhH njhptpf;fNt> me;jg; Gfhhpd; mbg;gilapy;> kpfTk; ePjj;NjhL jPHg;gspf;fpd;whHfs;. ,e;jj; jPHg;G K`k;kJ

gpd; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfis kpfTk; ghjpj;J tpl;lJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf> K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH mtHfs;>

vfpg;J te;jtH> fyp/gh cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; vjphpapd; ifahshf khwp tpLfpd;whH. ,j;jid mk;rq;fSk;

mg;Jy;yh gpd; ]ghTf;F KOg; gyj;ijf; nfhLj;jJ. ,g;nghOJ> mg;Jy;yh gpd; ]ghtpDila kj;jpa jskhf

khwp tpl;l vfpg;jpypUe;J> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;rpf;F vjpuhf mtJ}Wfs; tz;b tz;bahf ntspNaw

Muk;gpj;jJ. ,q;fpUe;J fpsk;gpa fbjq;fs;> xt;nthU gFjpapYk; kf;fs; ve;jsT rpukj;ij mDgtpj;Jf;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;w fijia nrhy;ypaJ. ,e;j mtJ}Wr; nra;jpfSf;F cs;@hpy; cs;s ]ghtpd;

NjhoHfs; kpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;Jg; gug;g Muk;gpj;jdH. ,e;jf; fbjq;fs; kf;fsplk; mjpfj; jhf;fj;ij

Vw;gLj;jpd. jq;fsJ re;Njh\khd tho;T gwpNghdjhf mtHfs; czu Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. xt;nthU efuj;jhUk;

mLj;j efuj;jhiug; gw;wp rpe;jpf;Fk; nghOJ> tho;f;if ,t;tsT Nkhrkhfg; Ngha;f; nfhz;bUg;gij Vw;Wf;

nfhs;s ,ayhJ vd;Nw nrhy;yj; jiyg;gl;ldH. ,jw;F mj;jidf;Fk; fyp/gh – Ml;rpj; jiytH jhd;

nghWg;Ngw;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; mtHfs; $w Muk;gpj;jdH.

md;iwa jpdk; ,Ue;j jfty; njhlHG tsHr;rpapd;ik fhuzkhf> xU efuj;J kf;fs; ,d;ndhU efuj;J

kf;fspd; cz;ik epiyia mwpe;J nfhs;tJ vd;gJ kpfTk; fbdkhdnjhU nrayhf ,Ue;jJ. ,jid

jq;fSf;Fr; rhjfkhd mk;rkhf ,e;j ]gh mq;fj;jtHfs; vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

Nrhryp] ez;gd;

ckH(uyp) mtHfspd; fhyj;jpypUe;Nj KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; rphpahtpd; ftHduhf ,Ue;J te;jhHfs;. ,tH

kpfTk; jpwikahd> ePjpkpf;f Ml;rpahsUkhthH. mtH ,j;jifa epiyikfis vt;thW fl;Lf;Fs; nfhz;L

tUtJ vd;gij kpfTk; mwpe;jtH. vdNt> ]ghtpd; Ml;fs; rphpahtpy; jq;fsJ ifthpiriaf; fhl;l

,aytpy;iy.

mG+jH my; fp/ghhP vd;nwhU gpugy;akhd egpj; NjhoH xUtH> rphpahtpy; trpj;J te;jhH. ,tH jd;id

vg;nghOJk; ,e;j cyfg; gw;wpypUe;Jk;> nry;tj;jpd; kPJs;s <Hg;gpypUe;J tpLgl;ltuhf jdJ tho;f;ifia

elj;jp te;jhH. ,tH> murpd; f[hdhtpw;Fk; tUk; nry;tq;fs;> Viofspd; chpikfs; vd;W epidj;J> mit

f[hdhTf;Fs; te;j khj;jpuNk ViofSf;F mtw;iwg; gq;fpl;L tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;w nfhs;ifia cilatH.

NkYk;> murpd; f[hdhtpy; nry;tj;ijr; Nrfhpj;J itf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;F vjpuhd nfhs;ifia cilatuhf

,Ue;jhH.

Page 138: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

nghJr; nrhj;J vd;gJ kf;fspd; nry;tk;> vdNt> mJ murpd; fUT+yfj;jpw;F te;jTld; mjid kf;fSf;F

nrytpl;L tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;whH. ,e;j fUj;Jf;F khw;whkhf fUj;Jilatuhf KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;

,Ue;jhHfs;. ,tH> nghJr; nrhj;jhf murpd; fUT+yfj;jpw;F tUk; nry;tj;ijf; murpd; f[hdhtpy; Nrfhpj;J

itj;J> epiyik rhpapy;yhj kw;Wk; nry;tk; Njitg;gLk; fhyq;fspy; mjid vLj;J kf;fSf;Fr; nrytpl

Ntz;Lk; vd;w nfhs;ifia cilatuhf ,Ue;jhH.

nghJr; nrhj;J vd;gJ my;yh`;tpw;FhpaJ vd;wioj;j mtH> Ml;rpahsH vd;gtH ,iwtdJ gpujpepjpahf

,Ug;gjd; fhuzj;jpdhy;> nghJr; nrhj;ij vt;thW nrytpLtJ rhpahdJ vd;W me;j Ml;rpahsH

fUJfpd;whNuh mjd;gb nrytplyhk; vd;W KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; fUjpdhHfs;. Mdhy; ,jw;F khw;Wf;

fUj;JilatuhfNt mG+jH my; fp/ghhp (uyp) mtHfs; ,Ue;jhHfs;.

,e;j ,UtUf;FkpilNa cs;s ,e;jf; fUj;JNtWghl;ilj; jq;fSf;F rhjhkhf;fpf; nfhs;s ]ghtpd; Ml;fs;

Kaw;rp nra;jhHfs;. vdNt> mG+jH fp/ghp (uyp) mtHfsplk; nrd;w ]ghtpd; Ml;fs;> nghJ kf;fspd; nrhj;ij

my;yh`;tpDlaJ vd;W $Wk; KMtpahtpd; $w;W kpfTk; tpj;jpahrkhf ,Uf;fpd;wNj..! vd;whHfs;. ,jd; %yk;>

kf;fspd; nry;tj;ij> nghJr; nrhj;ij vt;thW nrytopg;gJ vd;gij nghJ kf;fs; $wf; $lhJ vd;fpwuh

KMtpah mtHfs; vd;w tp\j;ijf; ff;fpdhHfs;.

]ghf;fspd; ,e;j tp\g; gpur;rhuj;jpy; kpfTk; vspjhf mG+jH my; fp/ghhp (uyp) mtHfs; tPo;e;J tpLfpd;whHfs;.

Neuhf KMtpah (uyp) mtHfsplk; nrd;w mG+jH (uyp) mtHfs;>

nghJ kf;fspd; nrhj;ij> my;yh`;tpDilaJ vd;W ePq;fs; ve;j Kiwapy; $Wfpd;wPHfs;? vd;W Nfs;tp

Nfl;lhH.

X..! mG+jH mtHfNs..? vd;W kpfTk; mikjpahfg; gjpyspj;j KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;> ''ehk; midtUk;

my;yh`;tpd; mbikfs;> vdNt ekJ nry;tq;fs; my;yh`;tpw;FhpaNj"" vd;whHfs;.

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; ,e;jg; gjpy; mG+jH (uyp) mtHfisj; jpUg;jpg;gLj;jtpy;iy.

rhp.. mG+jH (uyp) mtHfNs..! ,dp tUq;fhyq;fspy; ehd; ,jid nghJr; nrhj;J vd;Nw miof;fpd;Nwd;>

NghJkh..! vd;whHfs;.

,g;nghOJ mG+jH (uyp) mtHfs; ,d;ndhU Nfs;tpia vOg;gpdhHfs;. nry;te;jHfs; jq;fsJ nry;tj;ij

NrHj;Jf; nfhz;Nl Nghtjw;F chpik ,y;iy vd;whH. mtHfSila Njitf;F mjpfkhf cs;sij

cldbahf> ,y;yhjtHfSf;F toq;fp tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W $wptpl;L> jdJ fUj;Jf;F VJthf xU

,iwtrdj;ij Xjpf; fhz;gpj;jhHfs; :

,d;Dk; vtHfs; nghd;idAk;> nts;spiaAk; Nrkpj;J itj;Jf; nfhz;L mtw;iw my;yh`;tpd; ghijapy;

nrytplhjpUf;fpd;whHfNsh; (egpNa!) mtHfSf;F Nehtpid nra;Ak; Ntjid cz;L vd;W ed;khuhak; $WtPuhf!.

(egpNa! mtHfSf;F ePH me;j ehis epidT+l;LtPuhf!) me;j ehspy; (mtHfs; Nrkpj;J itj;j nry;tj;ij) euf

neUg;gpypl;Lf; fha;r;rp> mijf; nfhz;L mtHfSila new;wpfspYk; tpyhg;Gwq;fspYk;> KJFfspYk; #L

Nghlg;gLk; - (,d;Dk;) '',J jhd; ePq;fs; cq;fSf;fhfr; Nrkpj;J itj;jJ - MfNt ePq;fs; Nrkpj;J

itj;jijr; Ritj;Jg; ghUq;fs;"" (vd;W $wg;gLk;). (9:34-35)

,q;NfAk; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; mG+jH (uyp) mtHfSld; fUj;J Kuz;ghL nfhz;lhHfs;. xU kdpjd;

jdf;Fhpa [fhj; jhfpa ,uz;liu rjtPjj;ijf; nfhLj;J tpl;lhy;> mtH mtuJ nry;tj;ij mtUf;Nf

itj;Jf; nfhs;s Rje;jpuk; gilj;jtuhfpd;whH vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

mG+jH (uyp) mtHfspd; fUj;J mq;fpUe;j VuhskhdtHfspd; fUj;jpidf; ftHe;jJ. fhuzk;> mtHfspy; mNefH

Viofshf ,Ue;jhHfs;. mtHfs; nry;te;jHfspd; nry;tr; nropg;gpd; tdg;gpypUe;J jhq;fSk; gq;F Nghl;Lf;

nfhs;syhk; vd;W fUjyhdhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ mG+jH (uyp) mtHfspd; gf;fk;> kf;fs; Nru Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; ,e;jg; gpur;idapd; jPtpuk; Fwpj;J> fypgh cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSf;F kly; xd;iw

mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. ,e;jf; fbjj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs;> mG+jH (uyp) mtHfspd;

fz;zpak; vjpYk; Fiw itf;fhJ> mtHfisj; jFe;j khpahijAld; kjPdhTf;F mDg;gp itf;FkhW gjpy;

vOJfpd;whHfs;.

kjPdhtpYk; jdJ fUj;ij typAWj;jp mG+jH (uyp) mtHfs; NgRfpd;whHfs;.

Page 139: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,g;nghOJ mG+jH (uyp) mtHfis mioj;j cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs;> mG+jH (uyp) mtHfNs..! my;yh`;Tf;Fk;

mtdJ J}jUf;Fk; nrYj;j Ntz;baitfisr; nrYj;JkhW ehd; kf;fisf; fl;lhag;gLj;j KbAk;. mjw;Fg;

gpujpAgfhukhf> mtHfSf;F vd;kPJs;s chpikfis ehd; toq;ff; $batdhf ,Uf;fpd;Nwd;. Mdhy;> ,e;j

cyfj;ijj; Jwe;J thOkhW ehd; mtHfis vt;thW fl;lhag;gLj;j KbAk;"" vd;W Nfl;fpd;whHfs;.

mg;gbahdhy;> vd;id kjPdhit tpl;L ntspNa mDg;gp tpLq;fs; vd;W Nfl;Lf; nfhz;l mG+jH (uyp) mtHfs;>

,jw;F Mjhukhf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; mwpTiu xd;iw Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;bdhHfs;.

,jidf; Nfl;l cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs;> rpy xl;lfq;fisAk;> mG+jH (uyp) mtHfisf; ftdpj;Jf; nfhs;s

,U gzpahsHfSld;> kjPdhtpid xl;ba mLj;j fpuhkk; xd;wpw;F mDg;gp itj;J tpLfpd;whHfs;.

,d;Dk; rpy fhuzpfs;

cz;ikapNyNa mg;Jy;yh gpd; ]gh cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhf K];ypk;fSf;fpilNa tpijj;Jtpl;l

mjpUg;jp tpij ed;whfNt Ntiy nra;jJ. ,d;Dk; mjw;F epfuhfNt cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikapd;

fPo; eilngw;w rpy tp\aq;fSk; Kuz;ghlhfNt ele;J nfhz;bUe;jd. cJkhd;(uyp) mtHfs; Ml;rpg;

nghWg;ig Vw;Wf; nfhz;l nghOJ> epiyikfs; ed;whfNt ,Ue;jd. ,d;Dk; rpy tUlq;fspy;> Ml;rpf;F

vjpuhd rk;gtq;fs; gy nkJthf eilngw Muk;gpj;J> jdJ Nfhug;gw;fis ,Wfg; gw;wpf; nfhs;s Muk;gpj;jJ.

mjpfhuj;jpy; cs;stHfs;> nrhe;j efuq;fs; my;yhj ,d;ndhU ,lj;jpy; jq;fSf;nfd nrhe;jkhf tPL fl;bf;

nfhs;tij mDkjpf;f kWj;jhHfs;. xUKiw ckH(uyp) mtHfspd; ftHdHfspy; xUtH> jdJ jiyefuj;jpy;

tPL fl;bf; nfhs;s mDkjp Nfl;l nghOJ> mDkjpf;f kWj;J tpl;lhHfs;.

''kjPdhtpy; cq;fSf;nfd tPL ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ> xd;wpUf;Fk; nghOJ ,d;ndhd;iw mDkjpf;f KbahJ"" vd;W

$wp tpl;lhHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; ,e;jj;jpl;lk; jiyefhpy; tho;e;j kpfg; ngUk; FLk;gq;fis jiyefhpNyNa gpizj;J

itj;jJ. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; ,e;jf; nfhs;ifiag; gpd;gw;whjjd; fhuzj;jhy;> mtutH tpUk;Gk; ,lq;fspy;

jq;fSila trjpf;Fj; jf;fthW tPLfisf; fl;bf; nfhs;s tho Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,jd; tpisthf> gy

ghfq;fSf;Fk; gutpa Fiw\pfs;> Mq;fhq;Nf jq;fsJ Fy typikiaf; fl;likf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,J

mtHfSf;Fs; mjpfhuj;Jf;fhd Nghl;bia me;j ,lq;fspy; tsHj;J tpl;lJ. xt;nthU FLk;gj;jhUk;> gpwiu

tpl jhd; kpiff;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W tpUk;gpdhHfs;.

gD} `h\pk; kw;Wk; gD} cika;ah ,U Fyj;jtHfSk; ,];yhj;jpw;F Kd;gpUe;Nj NenujpH Nghl;bahHfshf

,Ue;jtHfs;. Kjy; ,uz;L fyPghf;fshd mGgf;fH (uyp) kw;Wk; ckH(uyp) MfpNahH gD} cika;ah

Nfhj;jpuj;ijr; NrHe;jtHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ Nfhj;jpuj;jtHfSf;Nf Ml;rpg;

nghWg;ig toq;fpdhHfs;. ,J gD} `h\pk;fisAk; mtHfsJ MjuthsHfisAk; ntWg;gilar; nra;jJ.

gpd;dhspy;> cJkhd; (uyp) gw;gy re;jHg;gq;fspy; ele;j epfo;TfSf;F jdJ Nfhj;jpuj;ijr; rhHe;jtHfisr;

rhHe;J ,Uf;f Ntz;ba epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gl;lhHfs;. kHthd;> rpwe;j Gj;jprhypahf ,Ue;j NghjpYk; kf;fshy;

ntWf;fg;gl;ltuhdhH.

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; fhyj;jpy; ,];yhkpa rhk;uh[;aj;jpy; guty; jilgl;lNjhly;yhky;> KbTf;Fk; te;jJ.

gilnaLg;gpYk;> ,uhZt eltbf;ifapYk; ftdk; nrYj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;jtHfs; ,g;nghOJ> murpaypy; ftdk;

nrYj;Jtjpy; MHtk; fhl;bdhHfs;.

$/gh> g]uh> vfpg;J kw;Wk; rphpah Mfpa Njrq;fs; ,uhZt Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j ,lq;fshf ,Ue;j

Ntisapy;> ,e;j uhZtj;jsq;fs;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfshy; gapw;Wtpf;fg;glhj> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfSld; ,Ue;J ghlk; fw;Wf; nfhs;shjtHfspd; epHthfj;jpd; fPo; ,Ue;J te;jJ. ,];yhkpaf;

nfhs;iffspd; mbg;giliag; gw;wpa EZf;fq;fis mwpahjtHfshf ,tHfs; ,Ue;jhHfs;. ckH (uyp) mtHfspd;

fl;Lghlhd Ml;rp tpil ngw;Wr; nrd;wTld;> ,tHfs; kPz;Lk; jq;fsJ tho;f;ifg; Nghf;if ,];yhj;jpd;

Ke;ija epiyf;Ff; nfhz;L nrd;wNjhL> kf;fisAk; mt;thNw elj;j Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

Ml;rpahsHfs; vd;gtHfs; kf;fspd; gzpahsHfs; vd;w epiy khwp> Ml;rp mjpfhukpf;ftHfshf khwpg; NghdhHfs;.

<uhd; kw;Wk; ig]he;jpa kd;dHfs; jq;fsJ nrhe;j tsj;ijAk;> Mlk;gu tho;f;ifiaAk; ngUf;fpf;

nfhs;tjw;fhf vt;thW jq;fsJ Ml;rpiag; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhHfNsh> me;j tpjNk ,];yhkpa

Ml;rpahsHfSk; elf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

Page 140: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,j;jifa nray;ghLfs; Ml;rpahsHfSf;Fk; kf;fSf;Fk; ,ilNa ,ilntspia Vw;gLj;jpaJ. ,];yhkpa xOf;f

khz;GfSk;> mjd; jhf;fq;fSk; tpil ngwj; Jtq;fpd. tPo;r;rpiar; re;jpf;f Muk;gpj;jd. kf;fSf;fpila

,Jtiu jpfo;e;J te;j rkj;Jtk;> ,g;nghOJ frf;fj; Jtq;fpaJ. ckH (uyp) mtHfsJ tho;f;ifapy; nghJ

kf;fs; mDgtpj;J te;j KOr; Rje;jpuk;> rkj;Jtk; ,g;nghOJ mfd;wjd; fhuzkhf> kf;fs; ,it

midj;Jf;Fk; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfNs fhuzk; vd;W Fw;wQ;rhl;l Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

epiyik NkhrkhFjy; - kjPdhtpy; eilngw;w khehL

mjpUg;jpAk;> mikjpapd;ikAk; ,];yhkpa rhk;uh[;ankq;Fk; gut Muk;gpj;jd. ,jd; vjpnuhyp ,g;nghOJ

kjPdhtpYk; xypf;f Muk;gpj;jJ. kpfg; gpugykhd egpj;NjhoHfs; gyH> epiyikapd; tpghPjk; Kw;Wtjw;Fs; VjhtJ

nra;J> epiyikiaf; fl;Lf;Fs; nfhz;L tUk;gb cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfis Ntz;bf; nfhz;lhHfs;. cJkhd;

(uyp) mtHfSk; xg;Gf; nfhz;lhHfs;. `p[;hp 34 d; nghOJ eilngwtpUf;fpd;w `[;[{f;F tUfpd;w midj;J

ftHdHfSk;> kjPdhtpy; te;J jd;idr; re;jpf;FkhW fyPgh cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; midj;J ftHdHfSf;F

Rw;wwpf;if xd;iw mDg;gp itf;fpd;whHfs;.

midj;J fyPghf;fSk; ,g;nghOJ kjPdhtpy; xd;W ,Uf;fpd;w mitapy;>

,];yhkpa rhk;uh[;aj;jpy; epytf; $ba mikjpapd;ikf;fhd fhuzk; ahJ? cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs;

ftHdHfisg; ghHj;Jf; Nfs;tp Nfl;fpd;whHfs;.

,J #o;r;rpahsHfspd; rjp tiyapdhy; gpd;dg;gl;lJ vd;w gjpy; tUfpd;wJ. ,e;jr; rjpahsHfs;

Ml;rpj;jiytHfs; kPJk;> mjpfhhpfs; kPJk; Nrw;iw thwp ,iuf;fpd;whHfs;. ,d;Dk;> ,e;j muirj; jpl;lkpl;l

ftpo;f;Fk; rjpapYk; <Lgl;L tUfpd;whHfs;.

,jid vt;thW jLj;J epWj;JtJ? cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfsplkpUe;J kPz;Lk; Nfs;tp gpwf;fpd;wJ.

gy MNyhridfs; toq;fg;gl;ld. Mdhy; ,jpy; midtUk; xd;iw kl;Lk; mjpfkhf typAWj;jpdhHfs;.

rjptiyfs; gpd;df; $batHfis ,Uk;Gf; fuk; nfhz;L mlf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Nw midtUk; xUkpj;Jf; $w

Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,jw;F cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; xg;Gf; nfhs;stpy;iy. ,Wjpahf ftHdHfSf;F Mw;wpa

czHr;rp kpf;f ciuapy; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; ,t;thW Fwpg;gpl;lhHfs; :

''cq;fsJ MNyhridf; Nfl;Nld;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; mwptpj;j Kd;dwptpj;j td;nray;fshf

,Uf;FNkh vd;W mr;rk; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. vd;dhy; ,ad;wij ehd; nra;Ntd;> vd;Dila mjpfhuj;jpw;Fl;gl;l

tifapy; ,uf;fj;NjhLk;> kd;dpg;NghLk; epiyikiar; rPHjpUj;j Kaw;rpf;fpd;Nwd;> ,jd; %yk; jPikfspd;

thry;fis milg;Ngd;. vd;Dila nray;fshy; mjid elj;jpf; fhl;LNtd;> ,jpy; ehd; ve;jf; FiwiaAk;

kf;fSf;F itf;f khl;Nld;. ehis my;yh`;itr; re;jpf;Fk; nghOJ> kf;fs; vd;kPJ Fw;wk; Rkj;Jk; msTf;F

epiyikia tpl;L itf;f khl;Nld;. jPikfs; kpiff;Fk; fhyk; neUq;fp tpl;ljhfNt ehd; czHfpd;Nwd;.

,jw;fhf cJkhd; capiu ,oe;jhy; mJ mtUf;F MrpHthjq;fshf ,Uf;Fk;> mt;thwpy;iy vdpy;

mUl;nfhilfSf;Fg; gjpyhf rhgq;fisj; jhd; ngw;Wj; juf; $bajhf ,Uf;Fk;"".

khehL epiwTw;wJld;> midj;Jf; ftHdHfSf;Fk; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; gphpah tpil nfhLj;jhHfs;.

mg;nghOJ>

,iwek;gpf;ifahsHfspd; jiytH mtHfNs..! vd;wioj;j KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;

,e;j kjPdh efuk; cq;fSf;F ghJfhg;ig mspf;Fk; vd;W ehd; epidf;ftpy;iy. ePq;fs; vd;Dld; rphpahTf;F

tUtJ ey;yJ vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

''vd;Dila jiy Jz;lhlg;gbDk; rhp..> vd;dhy; tu KbahJ""> ve;j tpiy nfhLg;gpDk;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfspd; neUf;fj;ij tpl;Lk; vd;dhy; tu ,ayhJ> vd;W gjpyspj;j cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; kjPdhit tpl;L

tpl;L ehd; tu khl;Nld; vd;whHfs;.

,iwek;gpf;ifahsHfspd; jiytH mtHfNs..!

rhp..! rphpahtpypUe;J cq;fsJ ghJfhg;gpw;fhf gilfis mDg;Gtjw;fhfthtJ xg;Gf; nfhs;Sq;fNsd;> mtHfs;

cq;fsJ jdpg;gl;l ghJfhg;ghsHfshfr; nray;gLthHfs; vd;whH> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;.

''KbahJ""> vd;w gjpiyj; njhptpj;j cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F kpf mUfpy;

tho;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;w kf;fis vd; nghWl;L> gpur;idapy; khl;b itf;f tpUk;gtpy;iy vd;whHfs;.

Page 141: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

gpd; fyP/gh cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs;> ehd;F Ma;thsHfisj; NjHe;njLj;J ,];yhkpa rhk;uh[;ankq;Fk; nrd;W>

mq;fpUe;J jfty;fisr; Nrfhpj;J tUkhW mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. mtHfspy; %d;W egHfs; jpUk;gp te;J>

epiyik fl;Lf;Fs; ,Ug;gjhfj; jfty; je;jhHfs;. mk;khH gpd; ah]pH (uyp) mtHfs;> vfpg;jpw;F mDg;gp

itf;fg;gl;l ,tH kl;Lk; jpUk;gp tutpy;iy. vfpg;jpd; ftHdH fypghTf;F vOjpa fbjj;jpy; mk;khH gpd; ah]pH

(uyp) mtHfs; mg;Jy;yh gpd; ]ghtpd; FOtpy; ,ize;J tpl;ljhfj; njhptpj;jhHfs;.

gpur;ridfs; Muk;gk;

kjPdhtpy; ftHdHfs; midtUk; khehL epkpj;jkhf xd;W $bapUf;Fk; rkaj;ij> jq;fsJ jpl;lq;fSf;Fr;

nray; tbtk; nfhLf;fTk;> nghJ kf;fspd; czHTfis cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhfj; jpul;lTk;

ed;whfg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhHfs;. Mdhy; mtHfs; epiwNtw;w epidj;j rjpr; nray;fis mt;tsT vspjpy;

epiwNtw;w KbahjpUe;jJ. kjPdhtpy; ele;j khehl;by; fye;J nfhz;L $/ghtpw;Fj; jpUk;gpa ftHdiu>

$/ghtpw;Fs; mDkjpf;f khWj;jhHfs;> $/gh tpy; ,Ue;j rjpahsHfs;. mtHfs; mG+ %]h my; m\;mhP (uyp)

mtHfs; jhd; jq;fsJ ftHduhf tu Ntz;Lk; vd;W mlk;gpbf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,tHfspd; ,e;jf;

Nfhhpf;ifia Vw;Wf; nfhz;l fyP/gh mtHfs;> mG+ %]h my; m\;mhP (uyp) mtHfisNa $/ghtpd; ftHduhfg;

gjtpg; gpukhzk; nra;J itj;jhHfs;.

jq;fsJ Kjy; rjpapy; ntw;wp ngw;wjidj; njhlHe;J> mLj;jLj;j rjpj; jpl;lq;fis epiwNtw;w Kidg;Gld;

fskpwq;fpdhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ ,];yhkpa rhk;uh[;ankq;Fk; gutp ,Ue;j ,e;j rjpahsHfspd; $l;lk; kjPdhtpy;

xd;W $LtJ vd;W KbntLj;jJ. jiyefhpy; epyTk; #o;epiyfs; kw;Wk; vjpHfhyj; jpl;lq;fs; Fwpj;J

tpthjpg;gjw;fhfNt me;je;jg; gFjpapd; jiytHfs; midtUk; kjPdhtpy; xd;W $bdhHfs;.

mtHfsJ jpl;lg;gb te;jpUe;j midj;Jg; gpuNjrj;J rjpahsHfspd; jiytHfs; midtUk; kjPdhtpd; GwefHg;

gFjpapy; xd;W $bdhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ ,e;j rjpahsHfspd; re;jpg;Gg; gw;wpa jfty; fyPgh cJkhd; (uyp)

mtHfis vl;Lfpd;wJ. jdf;F kpfTk; neUf;fkhd ek;gpf;ifahd ,Utiu mtHfsplk; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs;

mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. mt;thW mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;l ,UtUk;> ,e;j rjpahsHfspd; rjpj; jpl;lq;fs; Fwpj;J>

kpfTk; Mgj;jhd rjp Ntiyfs; gw;wpa jfty;fis cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfsplk; mspj;jhHfs;. '',tHfs; jq;fsJ

jhafj;jpw;Fj; jpUk;gpr; nrd;W> mq;Fs;s kf;fsplk; fyPgh mtHfs; jq;fsJ gpur;idfs; Fwpj;j GfhHfisr;

nrtpkLf;f kWj;J tpl;lhH> vd;w fw;gidr; nra;jpia tp\kg; gpur;rhuk; nra;a KbntLj;jpUg;gjhfTk; me;jj;

J}JtHfs; njhptpj;jhHfs;. ,jd; %yk; jpul;lg;gl;l jq;fsJ MjuthsHfSld; tUfpd;w Mz;by; kjPdhtpw;Fs;

Eioe;J fyP/ghitNa jPHj;Jf; fl;lTk; jpl;lkpl;bUg;gjhfTk; mtHfs; jfty; njhptpj;jhHfs;. jdJ J}JtHfs;

nfhz;L te;j jfty;fs; midj;ijAk; ftdkhff; Nfl;l cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs;> me;j jfty;fis mLj;J

ve;j eltbf;ifapYk; ,wq;ftpy;iy.

,g;nghOJ> ,e;j rjp MNyhridf; $l;lj;jpd; jiytHfs; jiyefH kjPdhtpw;Fs; Eioe;jhHfs;. ,e;j

rjpahsHfspd; rjpfisg; gw;wp fyPgh mtHfs; jdf;F neUf;fkhd NjhoHfsplk; njhptpj;j nghOJ> ,tHfisf;

nfhd;W tpLk;gb rpyH MNyhrid $wpdhHfs;. ,jd; %yk; mtHfsJ rjpj; jpl;lq;fis ePHj;Jg; Nghfr;

nra;ayhk; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

Mdhy;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs;> ''jFe;j fhuzk; ,y;yhky; ehd; mtHfisf; nfhy;y KbahJ"". ,e;j

kf;fsplk; rpy jtwhd fUj;Jf;fs; gutp ,Uf;fpd;wd. mjid ehd; ePf;f Kaw;rp nra;fpd;Nwd;. mtHfsplk;

,uf;fj;Jld; ele;J nfhs;tjd; %yk;> mtHfis kd;dpj;J> NeHtopg;gLj;Jk; Ntiyiar; nra;ag; Nghfpd;Nwd;

vd;whHfs;. ,d;Dk;> mtHfis ,uf;fJld; elj;Jtjd; %yk; NeHtopg;gLj;j Kbahnjdpd;> ,jidg; gw;wpa

nghWg;ig ty;y my;yh`;tpd; ,Wjp KbTf;Nf tpl;L tpLNtd;"" vd;whHfs;.

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; kWg;G

,g;nghOJ cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; jiyefhpy; tho;e;J te;j Kd;dzpj; NjhoHfisAk;> ,e;j rjpfhuf; $l;lj;

jiytHfisAk; xd;W $l;bdhHfs;. ,t;thW xd;W $l;lg;gl;l me;jf; $l;lj;jpy; fyPgh cJkhd; (uyp)

mtHfs; ,t;thW ciu epfo;j;jpdhHfs; :

nghJkf;fSf;Fr; nrhe;jkhdnjhU Nka;r;ry; epyj;ij vdf;fhf xJf;fp ,Ug;gjhfr; nrhy;yg;gLfpd;wJ.

,iwtd; kPJ rj;jpakhf> vdf;F chpik ,y;yhj ve;j Nka;r;ry; epyj;ijAk; vdf;fhf ehd; vLj;Jf;

Page 142: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

nfhs;stpy;iy. ,e;j Nka;r;ry; epyj;jpy; Nka;fpd;w fhy;eilfs; ahTk; muRf;Fr; nrhe;jkhdit. ,d;Dk;> ,e;j

Nka;r;ry; epyq;fs; nghJ kf;fs; midtUf;Fk; chpj;jhdNj. ahH jq;fsJ Njitf;F mjpfkhfTk;> ,d;Dk;

mjid FWf;F topapYk; mila Kw;gLfpd;whHfNsh mtHfSf;Fj; jhd; mjpy; Eioa mDkjpapy;iy. me;j

Nka;r;ry; epyj;jpy; NkAk; fhy;eilfisg; nghWj;jtiu> vdf;F ,uz;Nl ,uz;L xl;lfq;fs; jhd; mq;F

Nka;fpd;wd. ,e;j xl;lfq;fs; `[;[{f; fhyj;jpd; nghOJ vdf;F cjtf; $baitahf ,Uf;fpd;wd. cq;fs;

midtUf;Fk; njhpAk;> ehd; fyPghthf Ml;rpg; nghWg;Gf;F tUtjw;F Kd;> vd;dplk; ,Ue;j xl;lfq;fspd;

vz;zpf;ifapd; msTf;F epfuhf mNugpahtpy; ahUk; itj;jpUe;jJ fpilahJ.

jpUkiwf; FHMdpd; mjpfhfug;G+Ht gpujpfis gpuNjrq;fs; NjhWk; mDg;gp itj;Js;Nsd;. ,j;jifa vd;Dila

nray;ghLfis vjpHf;Fk; kf;fSk; cz;L. ,e;jj; jpUkiwf; FHMd; vd;Dk; Ntjj;ij mDg;gp itj;jtd; ty;y

my;yh`; jhd; vd;gij ePq;fs; midtUk; mwptPHfs;. mt;thW mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;l Ntjj;jpd; gpujpfis

vOjpatHfs; ahTk;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; fz; Kd;dH mjid vOjp itj;jtHfs; vd;gJk;> ,d;Dk;

mj;jifatHfs; capUld; ek;Kld; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;gJk; ePq;fs; mwpe;jNj. mtHfshy;

njhFf;fg;gl;l gpujpfisj; jhd; midj;J ,lq;fSf;Fk; ehd; mDg;gp itj;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;.

nghWg;ghd gjtpfspy; ,isQHfis epapkpj;jpUg;gjhf vd;kPJ Fw;wk; Rkj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. cz;ik vd;dntdpy;>

taJ vd;gJ xU nghUl;Nl my;y> jpwikfSk; ,d;Dk; Fz eyd;fSk; jhd; mtHfis epakpg;gjw;fhd

fhuzpfshf ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;wd. ePq;fs; gy Njrq;fspy; ,Ue;Jk; ,q;F te;jpUf;fpd;wPHfs;. ePq;fs; mtHfsJ

jpwikfisg; gw;wpAk; mtHfsJ fz;zpakhd nray;ghLfs; gw;wpAk; ve;jtpj GfhHfisAk; $w Kbahj msTf;F

ey;ytHfs; vd;gij kWf;f khl;BHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; c]hkh (uyp) mtHfSf;F kpfg; ngUk;

gilia elj;Jk; nghWg;ig toq;fpdhHfs;> ,d;Dk; me;jg; gilapy; ,Ue;j mj;jid Nghpy; kpfTk; ,s taJ

nfhz;luthf c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs; jpfo;e;jhHfs;.

tlf;F Mg;hpf;fhtpy; ngw;w ntw;wpapd; %yk; fpilj;j NghHg; nghUl;fis vfpg;jpd; ftHdUf;F KOikahd

toq;fg;gl;L tpl;lNj vd;W vd;kPJ Fw;wk; Rkj;Jfpd;whHfs;. Mdhy; cz;ik vd;dntd;why;> Ie;jpy; xU

gFjpjhd; toq;fg;gl;lJ. ,t;thW toq;fg;gLtjw;fhd Kd;khjphpfs; vd;Dila Ml;rpf;F Kd;gpUe;Nj fhzg;gl;L

tUfpd;wd. ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> ,jid kf;fs; vjpHf;fpd;whHfs; vd;gij mwpe;jTld;> ftHdhplkpUe;J mjid

ehd; jpUk;gg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;L tpl;Nld;.

ehd; vdJ cwtpdHfis mjpfk; Nerpg;gjfhff; $wg;gLfpd;wJ. cwtpdHfis Nerpg;gJ xd;Wk; ghtkhd

nrayy;yNt. Mdhy;> mt;thW Nerpg;gjd; %yk; gpwUila chpikapy; jiyapLk; msTf;Fg; Ngha; tplf; $lhJ.

mtHfSf;F toq;fg;gLk; ghpRg; nghUl;fisg; nghWj;jtiu> mtHfSf;F vJ chpj;jhdNjh mjidj; jhd;

toq;fg;gLfpd;wNj xopa> mePjkhd Kiwapy; nghJr; nrhj;Jf;fis vLj;J mtHfSf;F ehd; toq;ftpy;iy.

Mdhy; vd;Dila nrhe;jg; gzj;jpypUe;J vd;Dila cwtpdHfSf;F ehd; ghpRg; nghUl;fis toq;Ffpd;Nwd;.

ehd; fyPghthf MFtjw;F Kd;gpUe;Nj ehd; ,jidg; Ngzp tUfpd;Nwd;. ,g;nghOJ vdf;F tajhfp tpl;lJ>

ePz;l ehl;fs; thOk; vjpHghHg;Gk; vd;dplk; ,y;iy> vdf;fhf vjidAk; NrHj;J itj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; vz;zKk;

vdf;Ff; fpilahJ. nghJr; nrhj;Jf;fis vLj;J vdJ cwtpdHfSf;F toq;Ftjij rhpahJ vd;Wk; ehd;

fUjtpy;iy. vdJ nrhe;j NjitfSf;Fj; jtpu NtW vjw;fhfTk; nghJr; nrhj;jpypUe;J ehd; vjidAk;

vLj;Jf; nfhs;stpy;iy. xt;nthU gpuNjrj;jpd; tUkhdKk; me;je;jg; gFjp kf;fSf;fhfNt nrytplg;gLfpd;wd.

kjPdhtpy; cs;s kj;jpa fUT+ykhdJ NghHg; nghUl;fspy; ,Ue;J fpilf;Fk; Ie;jpy; xU gFjpiaj; jtpu NtW

ve;j tpj tUkhdj;ijAk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjpy;iy. me;jg; gzk; $l> Njitapd; epkpj;jk; nghJkf;fSf;Fj;

jhd; nrytplg;gLfpd;wJ.

vdJ ez;gHfSf;F epyq;fis toq;fg;gLtjhff; $wg;gLfpd;wJ. mjpy; cz;ikapy;iy. kjPdhtpy; ,Ue;J

fpsk;gpa gilAld; nrd;wtHfs;> ntw;wp nfhs;sg;gl;l gFjpfspy; jq;fp tpl;lhHfs;. mq;F mtHfs; rpwpJ

epyq;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. jhq;fs; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l epyq;fs; jiyefiu tpl J}ukhf ,Ue;j

fhuzj;jpdhy;> jq;fSf;Fhpa epyq;fis rpyH tpw;W tpl;lhHfs;.

,jidr; nrtpkLj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jtHfspld;> ehd; nrhd;ditfs; midj;Jk; cz;ik jhNd vd;W

Nfl;lhHfs;. midtUk; 'Mk;" vd;whHfs;. fyPghtpd; kPJ $wg;gl;l midj;Jk; ,l;Lf; fl;lg;gl;litfNs

vd;gij mq;fpUe;jtHfs; Ghpe;J nfhz;lhHfs;. ,Ug;gpDk;> nghJ kf;fsplk; ,Ue;J tUfpd;w jtwhd

fUj;Jf;fisf; fistnjt;thW vd;gJ gw;wp> ahUk; fUj;Jf; $wtpy;iy vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

Page 143: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

kjPdhtpy; vjpHg;ghsHfspd; miy

rjpf; $l;lj; jiytHfs; ,g;nghOJ jq;fs; jq;fs; gpuNjrq;fSf;Fj; jpUk;gpr; nrd;W tpl;lhHfs;. ,t;thW

jpUk;gp te;jtHfs;> fyPgh ,e;jg; gpur;idapy; jiyapl;L vspjhfj; jPHj;J itg;gjw;F tpUk;gtpy;iy. mLj;J

tUk; `[; tiuf;Fk; fhj;jpUg;Nghk; vd;whHfs;. `[;[{f; fhyk; kpf mz;kpj;J tUifapy;> g\uh> $/gh kw;Wk;

vfpg;jpypUe;J typikahd FOf;fisj; jahH nra;J `[;[{r; nra;gtHfisg; Nghy kf;fhTf;F mDg;gp

itj;jhHfs;. kf;fhtpypUe;J Gwg;gLk; ,tHfs; kjPdhtpw;Fr; nrd;W> ths; Kidapy; gpur;idfisj; jPHg;ghHfs;

vd;Wk; mtHfs; KbT nra;jpUe;jhHfs;. ,e;jr; rjpfhuHfspd; rjpfis fyPgh Kd;dNk mwpe;J itj;jpUe;jhHfs;.

Mdhy;> mtHfSf;F vjpuhf typikiag; gpuNahfg;gLj;Jtjw;F fyPgh mtHfs; tpUk;gtpy;iy. mtHfis

md;gpdhYk; nty;tJ my;yJ ,e;j Kaw;rpapy; jd;idNa ,og;gJ vd;w Kbtpy; jhd; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs;

KbntLj;jpUe;jhHfs;.

`p[;hp 35 \t;thy; khjj;jpy;> ,e;j fytuf;fhuHfs; g\uh> $/gh kw;Wk; vfpg;jpypUe;J fpsk;gpdhHfs;. mtHfs;

rpW rpW FOf;fshf mq;fpUe;J ntspNawpdhHfs;. xt;nthU gpuNjrj;jpypUe;Jk; Mapuk; NgH vd;Dk; msTf;F

mtHfspd; vz;zpf;if ,Ue;jJ. mtHfs; kjPdhit Nehf;fp te;J> kjPdhit tpl;Lk; rpy iky;fs; mg;ghNyNa

jq;fsJ ,Ug;gplj;ij mikj;Jf; nfhz;lNjhL> %d;W ntt;NtW epiyfspy; jq;fpf; nfhz;lhHfs;. mtHfspy;

rpy vfpg;ijr; NrHe;jtHfs; myP (uyp) mtHfsplk; te;J> jiyikg; gjtpia Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;gbf; Nfl;Lf;

nfhz;lhHfs;. myP (uyp) mtHfs;> mtHfsJ Nfhhpf;ifia Vw;Wf; nfhs;s kWj;J tpl;lhHfs;. g\uhtpypUe;J

te;j rpyH jy;`h (uyp) mtHfisr; re;jpj;J ,Nj Nfhhpf;ifia Kd; itj;jhHfs;. mtUk; kWj;J tpl;lhH.

$/ghtpypUe;J te;j rpyH [{igH (uyp) mtHfisr; re;jpj;jhHfs;> mtUk; ,e;j nfhLikjpahsHfspd; rjpj;

jpl;lj;jpy; jiyapLtjpy;iy vd;W Gwf;fzpj;J tpl;lhHfs;.

myp (uyp) fytuf;fhuHfis mg;Gwg;gLj;jy;

,g;nghOJ> ,e;jf; fytuf;fhuHfspd; epiyg;ghL vd;dntd;gij cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; KOikahf czHe;J

nfhz;lhHfs;. myP (uyp) mtHfsplk; nrd;w cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs;> cq;fs; kPJ mtHfs; nfhz;bUf;fpd;w

ed;kjpg;igg; gad;gLj;jp ,e;j rjpahsHfis kjPdhit tpl;Lk; mg;Gwg;gLj;Jq;fs; vd;W Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

,jw;F> cq;fsJ cwtpdHfspd; nrhy; Ngr;irf; Nfl;L elf;fhjPHfs;? vd;W ehd; cq;fsplk; mbf;fb $wp

te;Njdy;yth. Mdhy; ePq;fs; kHthd;> KMtpah> ,g;D ckH> ,g;d myP ]HM kw;Wk; ]aPj; gpd; M];

MfpNahHfs; $Wtijj; jhNd ePq;fs; Nfl;L nray;gl;L te;jPHfs;. ,g;nghOJ te;J> mtHfis kjPdhit

tpl;Lk; ntspNaw;Wk;gb vd;dplk; te;jhy; ehd; vd;d nra;a KbAk;? vd;W myP (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;.

,dp ehd; vd;Dila cwtpdHfsJ nrhy;iy ehd; Nfl;fhky; elg;Ngd; vd;W cWjp $wpdhHfs;.

,jid ePq;fs; nghJkf;fspd; Kd;dpiyapy; $WtJ ey;yJ vd;W $wpa myP (uyp) mtHfs;> ,t;thW ePq;fs;

$WtjhdJ> murpd; nfhs;ifahfTk; $l vLj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLk;. ,jd; fhuzkhf> fytuf;fhuHfs; jq;fsJ

fytuj;jpw;fhf ve;j Kfhe;jpuj;ijAk; $w KbahJ Ngha; tpLk;> mtHfsJ fUj;J nghJkf;fs; kj;jpapy;

tYtpoe;J tpLk; vd;whHfs;.

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nra;jpUf;Fk;gl;rj;jpy;> my;yh`;tplk; ght kd;dpg;Gf; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. cq;fspy; kpfr; rpwe;j

njhiyNehf;Fg; ghHit nfhz;ltHfs; vdf;F mwpTiu toq;Fq;fs;. my;yh`;tpd; kPJ rj;jpakhf> rj;jpaj;ij

epiy ehl;Ltjw;fhf> xU mbikf;Ff; $l nrtp jho;j;jj; jahuhf ,Uf;fpd;Nwd;. cq;fsJ tpUg;gk; vJNth

mjd;gb ehd; elg;gjw;Fr; rpj;jkhf ,Uf;fpd;Nwd;. ,dp ehd; vg;nghOJk; kHthDf;Nfh ,d;Dk; vdJ

cwtpdHfs; nrhy;tijNah Nfl;L elf;f khl;Nld;"" vd;W cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; $wp ciuia Kbj;j

nghOJ> mtuJ fd;dq;fspypUe;J fz;zPHj; Jspfsp cUz;Nlhbf; nfhz;bUe;jd. mjidj; njhlHe;J

mitNahUk; Njk;gp mo Muk;gpj;J tpl;ldH.

mjid mLj;J vfpg;jpypUe;J te;jtHfisr; re;jpj;j myP (uyp) mtHfs;> cq;fs; GfhHfs; midj;Jk;

fisag;gl;L tpl;ld vd;whHfs;. myP (uyp) mtHfspd; gjpyhy; jpUg;jpaile;j fytuf;fhuHfs;> vfpg;ij Nehf;fp

jpUk;g Muk;gpj;jdH. g\uh kw;Wk; $/ghtpypUe;J te;jpUe;jtHfSk; jq;fs; jq;fs; gpuNjrq;fSf;Fj; jpUk;g

Page 144: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. Gay; fiuiaf; fle;jJ Nghyj; jhd; ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy;..>

kHkf; fbjk;

kjPdhitr; #o;e;J nfhz;bUe;j ftiy Nkfq;fs; mfd;W tpl;ld vd;W jhd; kf;fs; epidj;Jf;

nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. Mdhy; mjw;F khw;wkhf ,g;nghOJ> fpsHr;rpf;fhuHfspd; Fuy;fs; kjPdh efunkq;Fk;

xypf;fj; Jtq;fpd. mt;thW fpsHr;rpapy; <Lgl;ltHfs; ,g;nghOJ fyPgh cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; tPl;bid

Kw;Wifapl;L> Rw;wpYk; epd;W nfhz;ldH. mtHfs;> gopf;Fg; gop! gopf;Fg; gop..! vd fj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;.

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te;jtHfis Nehf;fpr; nrd;w myP (uyp) mtHfs;> vfpg;jpid Nehf;fp jpUk;gpr; nrd;w ePq;fs; Vd; kPz;Lk; ,q;F

te;jPHfs;? vd;W Nfl;lhHfs;.

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kjPdhtpypUe;J jpUk;gp tUk; vq;fisj; jPHj;Jf; fl;b tpLk;gb> fyPgh mtHfs; ftHdUf;F

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nfhLj;j thf;FWjpia kPWk; nrayhFk;. mjw;fhd jz;lidia fyPgh mtHfs; ngw;Nw Mf Ntz;Lk; vd;W

mtHfs; myP (uyp) mtHfsplk; $wpdhHfs;.

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itj;jJ vJ? vd;W myP (uyp) mtHfs; tpdtpdhHfs;. ehq;fs; vq;fsJ vfpg;jpa rNfhjuHfSf;F cjTk;

nghUl;Nl jpUk;gp te;Njhk; vd;whHfs;.

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fpilj;jJ? vd;W mtHfsplk; tpdh vOg;gpdhHfs; myP (uyp) mtHfs;.

,jw;fhd rhpahd gjpy; vJTk; mtHfsplkpUe;J tutpy;iy.

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vd;whHfs; myP (uyp) mtHfs;.

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(uyp) mtHfs; ePbg;gij tpUk;gtpy;iy. mtuJ ,uj;jj;ij vq;fSf;F MFkhdjhfTk; my;yh`; Mf;fp

itj;Js;shd;. mjhtJ mtUf;Fj; jz;lid mspg;gJ vq;fsJ chpik vd;W $wpdhHfs;. mjw;F> ePq;fs;

vq;fSf;F cjt Ntz;Lk; vd;W myP (uyp) mtHfisg; ghHj;Jf; $wpdhHfs;.

,iwtd; kPJ rj;jpakhf..! ,jpy; ve;jtpjj;jpYk; cq;fSf;F cjtpfukhf ehd; ,Uf;f khl;Nld;"" vd;W

gjpyspj;jhHfs;.

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kPJ rj;jpakhf..! ehd; ve;jf; fbjj;ijAk; ahUf;Fk; vOjtpy;iy"" ,J myP (uyp) mtHfspd; gjpyhf

,Ue;jJ.

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js;sp tpl;Lf; nfhz;bUg;gijAk; czHe;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; epiyik Nkhrkhfpf; nfhz;bUf;fNt> kjPdhtpid

tpl;Lk; m`;[U];]j; vd;w ,lj;ij Nehf;fpr; nrd;W tpl;lhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ fytuf;fhuHfs; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfisr; re;jpj;J> vq;fs; kPJ kuz jz;lid tpjpj;J mDg;gpa

,e;jf; fbjj;ij vOjpaJ ePq;fs; jhNd? vd;whHfs;.

,iwtd; kPJ rj;jpakhf> ',e;j jghy; gw;wp vdf;F vJTk; njhpahJ" vd;whHfs;.

,e;jj; jghy; gw;wp cq;fSf;F vJTk; njhpahJ vdpy;> fyPgh gjtpapy; ePq;fs; ePbg;gjw;F cq;fSf;F ve;jj;

Page 145: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

jFjpAk; fpilahJ vd;whHfs;> xUkpj;j Fuypy;. '',e;jf; fbjj;ij ePq;fs; vOjpdPHfs; vd;W nrhd;dhy;>

ePq;fs; fyPgh gjtpapy; ePbg;gjw;F jFjpaw;wtuhtPH vd;gJ njspthdJ. Mdhy; ,e;jf; fbjj;ij ePq;fs;

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fl;lis cq;fis mwpahkNyNa cj;jutplg;gbUf;fpd;wJ vd;why;> ePq;fs; ehl;bd; jiyikg; gjtpapy;

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Nfhhpf;ifahFk; vd;whHfs; fytuf;fhuHfs;.

fytuf;fhuHfsJ Nfhhpf;ifia cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; epuhfhpj;jhHfs;. my;yh`; vd;kPJ Rkj;jpa Rikia>

mtdJ mspj;j fz;zpakpf;f gzpia ehd; vd;iwf;Fk; ehdhfNt fPopwf;fp itf;f KbahJ vd;W $wp

tpl;lhHfs;.

Kw;Wif

Kw;Wif

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,Uf;ftpy;iy. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; tPl;ilr; Rw;wp tyk; te;j tz;zk; fz;fhzpj;Jf; nfhz;Nl

,Ue;jhHfs;. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ tPl;il tpl;L ntspNaWtjw;F mtHfs; ve;jtpj jilAk;

nra;atpy;iy. vg;nghOJk; Nghy toikahf cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; ,iwj;J}jH(]y;) mtHfsJ

gs;spthrYf;Fr; nrd;W njhOifia elj;jp te;jhHfs;. ,e;jf; fytuf;fhuHfs; $l cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfisg;

gpd;njhlHe;J njhOJ te;jhHfs; vd;gJk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

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Kw;Wiff;Fg; gpd;G> xU nts;spf;fpoikad;W cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; kf;fsplk; [{k;M jpdj;jpd; Fj;gh NgUiu

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fjTfis kpfTk; tprhykhfNt jpwe;J itj;Js;Nsd;. ,d;Dk; jd;kPJ njhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fs;

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me;j ciuapy; Fwpg;gplj;jtwtpy;iy. kf;fspd; kdq;fis mhpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;ff; $ba Nfs;tpfs;

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kuzj;ijf; fz;L mQ;rtpy;iy> Mdhy; K];ypk;fs; jq;fSf;Fs; gpsTz;L ,uj;jj;ij Xl;bf; nfhs;thHfNs

vd;W jhd; mQ;Rfpd;Nwd;. K];ypk;fspd; xw;Wik jhd; vdf;Fg; gphpakhdJ> ,d;Dk; gphptpidfs; jiyJ}f;fhky;

,Ug;gjw;fhf jdJ MjuthsHfshf ,Ug;gtHfs; vf;fhuzk; nfhz;L fytuj;jpy; <Lgl;L tplf; $lhJ vd;Wk;

mtHfs; Ntz;bf; nfhz;lhHfs;. kf;fNs..! cq;fisg; gilj;j ,iwtDf;F mQ;rpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;>

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gs;spf;Fs; Fog;gk;

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mtHfSf;F MjuT njhptpj;jhHfs;. mtHfis mlf;fp mku itj;jhHfs; fytuf;fhuHfs;. xUtH vOe;J

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfisg; ghHj;J> ''fpol;L kdpjNd vr;rhpf;ifahf ,Uk;..! ,y;iyNay; ck;ik

Page 146: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

kuzg;gLFopapy; js;sp tpLNthk;"" vd;W $wpdhH. ,d;ndhUtH vOe;jhH..! cJkhNd..! ckf;F xU gioa

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nfhz;L te;jhHfs;.

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kPjhd Kw;Wifia ,g;nghOJ ,Wf;fkhf;fpl Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. cJkhd;(uyp) mtHfs; Kd;G Nghy; Rje;jpukhd

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,g;nghOJ MkpH fh/gpfp vd;gtH njhOifiaj; jiyikNaw;W elj;j Muk;gpj;jhH. ,g;nghOJ kjPdh efuNk

fytuf;fhuHfspd; gpbf;Fs; te;J tpl;;lJ.

,t;thwhf ehl;fs; efHe;J nfhz;bUe;jd> fytuf;fhuHfis vjpHg;gjw;F ahUk; Jzpatpy;iy> ,jdhy; kpfTk;

JzpTld; nray;gl Muk;gpj;j mtHfs;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; kPJ fLikahd neUf;Fjiyf; nfhLf;f

Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. nfhLik vd;dntd;why;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; tPl;bw;Fs; czT kw;Wk; mj;jpahtrpag;

gz;lq;fisf; $l nfhz;L Nghf ,g;nghOJ mtHfs; mDkjpf;f kWj;jhHfs;. ,Wjpahf jz;zPiuf; $l

cs;Ns nfhz;L Nghf jil tpjpj;jhHfs;.

xU fhyk; xd;wpUe;jJ. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; Ntz;LNfhspw;fpzq;f> kjPdhtpy; ,Ue;j xU fpzw;iw

jdJ nrhe;jg; gzj;jpy; thq;fp> mjid nghJ kf;fSf;F chpikahf;fpa cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSf;F> jdJ

fpzw;wpypUe;J $l jz;zPH nfhz;L te;J Fbg;gjw;F ,e;j kf;fs; jil tpjpj;jhHfs;.

ck;K `gPgh (uyp)> ,tH ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; kidtpAk;> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; jq;ifAkhthH.

,tH cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; epiyiaf; fz;L> jz;zPH kw;Wk; mj;jpahtrpag; nghUl;fisf; nfhz;L te;J

nfhLj;J tpl;Lr; nry;yyhk; vd;W te;jhHfs;. fytuf;fhuHfs; cJkhd;(uyp) mtHfspd; tPl;bw;Fs; nry;y

md;idatHfis mDkjpf;ftpy;iy. ,tiug; NghyNt md;id Map\h (uyp) mtHfSk; Kad;whHfs;> cJkhd;

(uyp) mtHfisf; fhz mDkjpf;f kWj;J tpl;lhHfs;. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfisg; ghHf;fhkNyNa>

md;idatHfs; jpUk;gpr; nry;yg;gzpf;fg;gl;lhHfs;.

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; `[;[h[pfSf;fhd mwptpg;Gf; fbjk;

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; fyP/ghthf fpl;lj;jl;l 12 tUlq;fs; njhlHe;J ,Ue;J te;jhHfs;. ,e;jf; fhyg;

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mt;/g; (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikapd; fPo; `[; topelj;jpr; nry;yg;gl;lJ. ,d;Dk; jdJ ,Wjpf;fhyj;jpy;

fytuf;fhuHfshy; jdJ tPl;bNyNa gpizf; ifjpahf;fg;gl;bUe;jjd; fhuzj;jpdhYk; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs;

Page 147: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

`[;[{r; nra;atpy;iy. mg;nghOJ mtUf;Fg; gjpyhf mg;Jy;yh gpd; mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfis cJkhd; (uyp)

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ekf;F jpUkiw neLfpYk; mwpTWj;jp ,Uf;fpd;whd;> mjd; %ykhfNt my;yh`; ek;ik ,q;Nf ,e;j tPl;by;

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Page 148: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

vOe;J fUj;JNtWghLfspdhy; mtHfs; gphpe;J Nghdjd; fhuzkhf mtHfs; mopf;fg;gl;lhHfs; vd;gijAk;

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vjphpfs; cq;fis mjd; fhuzkhf kpifj;J tpLthHfs;.

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gphptpdHfshf Mfp tpLtPHfs;. my;yh`;tpd; jdJ jpUj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk;> ''xw;Wikiaf; Fiyj;J>

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nfhs;sl;Lk;.

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mj;jifa KbTfis Nehf;fpNa vjphpfs; cq;fis ,l;Lr; nrd;W nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;gijapl;L

vr;rhpf;ifahf ele;J nfhs;Sq;fs;"". rw;W rpy ehl;fSf;F Kd;djhf ek;kpy; rpyH jk;ik ,iwtdJ

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rpyH rj;jpaj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;> rpyH rj;jpaj;ij Vw;fhky; mjDld; fUj;JKuz;ghL nfhz;lhHfs;. rpyH

rj;jpaj;jpw;F tf;fhyj;J thq;fpdhHfs;> ,d;Dk; mtHfs; jq;fsJ mzpapd; gf;fk; jhd; epahak; ,Ug;gjhff;

fUjpf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,j;jifatHfs; ehd; njhlHe;J gjtpapy; ,Ug;gJ Fwpj;J epuhiraile;jhHfs;.

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mjw;fhd Nghuhl;lk; elj;jg;gl Ntz;ba mtrpak; Fwpj;J cq;fSf;F Ntz;LNfhs; itj;jpUf;fpd;whHfs;.

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jho;e;jtH vd;w ghFghL ghuhl;lhJ rl;lj;jpd; Kd; midtUk; rkk; vd;gij ehd; mtHfSf;F ep&gpj;Jf;

fhl;lj; jahuhf ,Uf;fpd;Nwd;. Mdhy;> mtHfs; vd;dplk; ve;jtpj tof;ifAk; nfhz;L tutpy;iy> rl;lj;ij

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Nfhhpf;ifia Kd;itg;gtHfspy; ehDk; xUtd;> mtHfsJ Nfhhpf;if kw;Wk; MNyhridfis ntspg;gilahfj;

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Page 149: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

rj;jpag;gpukhzj;ij thg]; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Nthk; vd;Wk; mtHfs; %d;W Nfhhpf;iffis vd;dplk; Kd;

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nfhiy nra;tjpy; jhd; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,jw;F vjpuhf ve;jg; gyg;gpuNahfj;ijAk; gpuNahfpf;f Ntz;lhk; vd;W

vd;Dila MjhuthsHfSf;F ehd; mwpTiu $wpAs;Nsd;. ,e;j K];ypk; r%fk; cs;ehl;Lf; Fog;gj;jpy; jd;id

Mo;j;jp tplf; $lhJ vd;gjpy; ehd; ftdkhf ,Uf;fpd;Nwd;> mjid ehd; tpUk;gTk; ,y;iy. ele;J

nfhz;bUg;gitfis ehd; nghWikAld; ftdpj;Jf; nfhz;L tUfpd;Nwd;. my;yh`;tpd; Kbtpw;fhff;

fhj;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;. my;yh`;tpd; ghijapy; vd;Dila capiu ,of;f Ntz;Lk; vd;wpUe;jhy;> mj;jifa

jpahfj;jpw;fhf ve;jtpj jaf;fKkpy;yhky; fhj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwd;. fyP/ghthf ehd; nghWg;Ngw;wjpypUe;J

ve;jtpj jtwhd ghijapy; ehd; Ml;rp nra;atpy;iy. my;yh`;tplk; kd;dpg;Gf; Nfhuhky; ,Ue;jJkpy;iy.

my;yh`; ek;Kila midtuJ ghtq;fisAk; kd;dpf;fl;Lk;. K];ypk;fs; midthpd; kPJ my;yh`; fUiz

fhl;Lthdhf..!

fbjj;jpd; Nehf;fk;

NkNy cs;s fbjj;jpd; thrfq;fis ehk; ftdkhf Ma;T nra;Nthnkd;why;> gpur;idapd; jPtpuj;jpypUe;J

jd;id tpLtpj;Jf; fhg;ghw;WkhW ve;jtpjj;jpYk; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; Nfhhpf;ifia Kd;itf;ftpy;iy

vd;gJ njspthFk;. fytuf;fhuHfSf;F vjpuhf xd;W jpuSkhW> kf;fspd; czHTfspd; kPJ jPg;nghwpiag; gw;w

itf;ff; $ba msTk; me;j fbjj;jpd; thrfq;fs; mikatpy;iy. epiyikia kf;fSf;F tpsf;fg;gLj;j

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; jd;Dila fbjj;jpy; Kaw;rp nra;jpUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;gJ jhd; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.

cs;ehl;Lf; Fog;gj;ijj; jLf;fTk;> K];ypk;fs; jq;fSf;Fs; mbj;Jf; nfhz;L ,uj;jj;ij Xl;bf; nfhs;tijj;

jtpHf;fTNk mtH Kaw;rp nra;Js;shH. my;yh`;tpDila jPHg;G vt;thwpUe;jhYk; mjid Gd;difAld; Vw;Wf;

nfhs;tjw;F mtH jahuhNt ,Ue;jhH. ,d;Dk; me;jf; fbjj;jpd; %yk;> ,];yhj;jpw;fhf Mw;w Ntz;ba

gzpfis jtwhJ epiwNtw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;W K];ypk;fis mwpTWj;JtNj mjd; KO Nehf;fkhf ,Ue;jJ

vd;gijAk; ftdpf;fyhk;. K];ypk;fs; ,iwar;rj;Jld; ele;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;vd;gijAk;> my;yh`;tpd;

khHf;fj;ij ,Wfg; gw;wpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gijAk;> xw;Wikia gyg;gLj;j Ntz;bajd; mtrpaj;ijAk;>

tuyhw;wpypUe;J ghlk; gbj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;bajd; mtrpaj;ijAk;> my;yh`;Tf;Fk; mtdJJ}jUf;Fk; ,d;Dk;

mjpfhuk; toq;fg;gl;bUg;gtHfSf;Fk; fl;Lg;gl;L elf;f Ntz;ba mtrpak; Fwpj;Jk;> jPikfisf; mlf;fTk;>

fUj;JNtWghLfs;> ,d;Dk; mjdhy; Vw;gLk; gpsTfspypUe;J jtpHe;J thOk;gbAk; K];ypk;fis ,f;fbjk;

VTfpd;wJ. Fwpg;ghf jd;Dila Raeyk; Ra ghJfhg;G vd;gijnay;yhk; tpl ,];yhkpa r%fj;jpd; ey;tho;Nt

Kf;fpakhdJ> gpujhdkhdJ vd;gij cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfsJ kly; ekf;Fj; njspTgLj;Jfpd;wJ.

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; Ntz;LNfhspd;gb ,f;fbjk; mg;Jy;yh gpd; mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfshy; `[;[pd;

nghOJ kf;fSf;Fg; gbj;Jf; fhz;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;jf; fbjj;jpd; %yk; Vw;gl;l tpisTfs; vd;d vd;gJ

gw;wpAk;> kf;fs; vj;jifa Kbtpid Nkw;nfhz;lhHfs; vd;gJ gw;wp mwpa Kbatpy;iy. ,f;fbjj;jpd;

ciufisf; Nfl;ljd; gpd;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSf;F Mjuthf kf;fs; xd;W jpustpy;iy> ,d;Dk; ,jidf;

Nfl;l gpd;G mtutH fise;J nrd;W tpl;lhHfs;. jdJ `[;i[ epiwNtw;wp tpl;L mg;Jy;yh ,g;D mg;gh];

(uyp) mtHfs; kjPdh te;j nghOJ> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; vjpHghHg;gpd;gbNa midj;Jk; ele;J

Kbtile;jpUe;jJ> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;Lk; tpl;lhHfs;.

Page 150: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; ,t;tsT nghpa ,f;fl;lhd #o;epiyapy; khl;bf; nfhz;L jtpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j

epiyapy;> Vd; kjPdh jtpHj;J ,];yhkpa rhk;uh[;aj;jpd; kw;w gFjpfspypUe;J cjtpfs; te;J Nrutpy;iy vd;gJ

Nfs;tpf;Fwpahf njhf;fp epw;;fpd;wJ. jh`h `{i]d; jdJ tuyhw;W E}ypy;> ''cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd;

ePz;lfhy Ml;rpapd; kPJ kf;fSf;F rpwpa mYg;Gj; jl;b tpl;lJ> kf;fs; khw;wj;ij vjpHghHf;f Muk;gpj;J

tpl;lhHfs; vd;gJk;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; Mjuthsuhf KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; $l murpay; fhuzq;fis

Kd;dpl;L clNd gilia cjtpf;F mDg;g ,ayhj #o;epiyapy; ,Ue;jjhfTk;""> vd;gd Nghd;w fhuzj;ijf;

Fwpg;gpLfpd;whH.

cjtp Nfhhp tpz;zg;gk;

xt;nthU khfhz ftHdHfSf;Fk; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; mDg;gp itj;j cjtp Nfhhpa fbjk;> fPo;f;fhZk;

tpisTfis cUthf;fpaJ :

vy;yhg; GfOk; Vf ,iwNahdhfpa ty;y my;yh`;Tf;Nf chpj;jhfl;Lk;> ,d;Dk; mtDila J}jH K`k;kJ

(]y;) mtHfs; ekf;F NeHtopiaf; fhl;bdhHfs;. me;j tifapy; ,];yhj;jpid Vw;Wf; nfhz;ljpy; ehnky;yhk;

mjpH\;lk; nra;jtHfs; jhk;. ,];yhk; ek;ik xNu Fykhfg; gpizj;jJ. ,d;Dk; Xhpiwf; nfhs;ifapd;

jj;Jtj;ijk; ekf;F mspj;jJ. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jd;Dila J}Jj;Jtg; gzpia epiwNtw;wp tpl;l

gpd;> ,iwab NrHe;J tpl;lhHfs;. mtHfsJ kiwTf;Fg; gpd; mtHfsJ gzpia mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSk;> ckH

(uyp) mtHfSk; Rke;J nrd;whHfs;. ckH (uyp) mtHfsJ kiwTf;Fg; gpd; me;jg; gzpiar; Rkf;Fk; nghWg;G

vd;dplk; mspf;fg;gl;lJ. ehd; gpd;Gw thry; topahf ,e;jg; gjtpia mile;J nfhs;stpy;iy> Mdhy; ,e;jg;

nghWg;ig ehd; Vw;Wf; nfhz;l nghOJ> vd;Dila KO Kaw;rpiaAk; gpuNahfpj;J> vd;dhy; ,ad;wtiu rpwe;j

Kiwapy; epHthfj;ij Vw;W elj;JNtd; vd;Nw vd;dplk; cWjp nkhop vLj;Jf; nfhz;l kf;fsplk; njhptpj;Njd;.

vd;Dila gjtpapd; Muk;g fhy fl;lj;jpy; ehd; vd;Dila epHthfj;ij ftdkhd Kiwapy; epHtfpj;Njd;>

kf;fSk; jpUg;jp nfhz;lhhfs;. kf;fSf;F KOikahd Rje;jpuj;ij toq;fpNdd;> ,d;Dk; mtHfsJ

NjitfSf;F Kd;Dhpik nfhLj;Njd;. ,it midj;Jk; kf;fsJ ed;ikf;fhfNt nray;gLj;jg;gl;ld.

vd;Dila Ml;rpapd; nghOJ kf;fs; kpfTk; nropg;ghf tho;e;jdH. ,];yhj;jpd; epoypy; mtHfs; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l

NritfSf;F ed;wpf; fld; nrYj;Jtjw;Fg; gjpyhf xd;Wf;Fk; cjthj – jtwhd Fw;wr;rhl;Lfis

fl;ltpo;j;J tpl;ljd; fhuzkhf> mikjpahd ehl;by; mikjpapd;ikia Vw;gLj;jp tpl;bUf;fpd;whHfs;.

kf;fspilNa vOe;Js;s Fog;gkhd epiyiag; Nghf;Ftjw;Fj; Njitahd eltbf;iffis ehd; vLj;Nj

te;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;. tpghPjk; vd;dntd;why; ,e;jj; jtwhd Fw;wr;rhl;Lfisg; gug;gp tUgtHfs; jq;fsJ

Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fSld; Kd;te;J GfhH jUtjpy;iy. mtHfs; ,d;iwf;F xU Nfhhpf;ifiaAk;> mjw;F mLj;j ehs;

mjw;F Kuzhd ,d;ndhU Nfhhpf;ifiaAk;> thjj;jpw;F Nky; tpthjq;fisANk mtHfs; Kd; itf;fpd;whHfs;.

,j;jifa kf;fsplk; ehd; kpfTk; nghWikAlDk;> nghWg;GlDk; ele;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwd;> Mdhy; ,tw;iw

vy;yhk; tpl mtHfsJ KO Nehf;fk; ,];yhj;ij epiyFiyar; nra;J> kf;fsplk; xw;Wikapd;ikia Vw;gLj;j

Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nehf;fNk NkNyhq;fp epw;fpd;wJ.

r%f kw;Wk; murpay; hPjpahf K];ypk;fisg; gytPdg;gLj;j tpiofpd;w ,j;jifa rf;jpfsplkpUe;J kf;fs;

vr;rhpf;ifahf ,Ue;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W ehd; nghJkf;fis vr;rhpf;fpd;Nwd;. ,e;j epiyikapd;

tpghPjj;jpdpd;Wk; ,];yhj;ijAk;> mjidg; gpd;gw;Wfpd;w kf;fisAk; ghJfhg;gjw;F cq;fs; midtuJ

xj;Jiog;igAk; ehl tpiofpd;Nwd;. vd;Dila iffisg; gyg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk;> ePq;fs; vdf;F cjtp nra;a

KbAk; vd;gijAk; njhptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.

fbjKk; mjd; tpsf;fKk;

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; MSeHfSf;F mDg;gp itj;j fbjj;ij thpf;F thp Ma;T nra;Njhnkd;why;> mjpy;

,];yhkpa rhk;uh[;aj;jpd; kzpKbapy; eilngw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; epiyikfspd; tpghPjj;ij kl;LNk mtHfSf;F

tpsf;fpf; $Wtjhf mike;jpUg;gijf; fhz KbAk;. murhq;fj;jpw;F Mjuthf Ms; jpul;Lk; eltbf;iffNsh>

VNjr;rjpfukhd Kiwapy; ele;J nfhs;gtHfspd; Mztj;ijf; fl;Lg;gl;Lj;Jk; eltbf;iffSf;F xj;Jiog;G

toq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ Fwpj;Njh me;jf; fbjk; Kiwapltpy;iy vd;gij mwpe;J nfhs;s KbAk;. ,Ug;gpDk;>

epyikapd; tpghPjj;ij czHe;j rphpah kw;Wk; g\uhtpd; ftHdHfs; mtur cjtpg; gilapid mDg;gp

itj;jhHfs;. me;jg; gil kjPdhit milA Kd;Ng> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;L tpl;lhHfs;

Page 151: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

vd;w nra;jp fpilj;J tpl;lJ. ,jid mwpe;J nfhz;l khj;jpuj;jpNyNa cjtpg;gilfs;> kPz;Lk; jq;fs; jq;fs;

gFjpf;Fj; jpUk;gp tpl;ld. cz;ikapNyNa ,e;jg; gilfs; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSf;F Mjuthf fsj;jpy;

,wq;Ftjw;nfd;W te;jpUf;Fnkd;W nrhd;dhy;> mtHfs; jpUk;gpg; NghapUf;fNt khl;lhHfs;. khwhf>

fytuf;fhuHfSf;F vjpuhf jq;fsJ mjpub eltbf;iffis vLj;jpUg;ghHfs;. ,jid tpl kjPdhtpy; rl;lk;

xOq;if epiyehl;l Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf kl;LNk mtHfs; kjPdhit Nehf;fp te;jpUf;fpd;whHfs;

vd;gjid mwpe;J nfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ. cJkhd;(uyp) mtHfs; nfhiyf;Fg;gpd; rl;lk; xOq;if epiyehl;LtJ

vd;gJ kpfTk; fbdkhdnjhU gzpahfp tpl;bUe;jJ. ,e;j epiyapy;> te;jpUe;j me;jg; gilfs; kjPdhtpw;Fs;

Eioe;J rl;lk; xOq;if epiyehl;bapUf;f Ntz;Lk;> rl;lj;ij kPwp ele;jtHfis rl;lj;jpd; Kd; nfhz;L

te;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; ,e;j tptfhuj;jpd; cz;ik epiy vd;dntd;why;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; vd;WNk

cs;ehl;L Aj;jj;ij tpUk;gtpy;iy vd;gNjahFk;. ,jid ehk; epidT $w Ntz;Lnkd;why;> rphpahtpypUe;J

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; cjtpg; gilfis mDg;gp cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSf;F ghJfhg;Gj; ju Kd;te;j

nghOJk;> mj;jifa ghJfhg;gpid Vw;Wf; nfhs;s cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; kWj;J tpl;lhHfs;. Vnddpy;>

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; kjpg;Gkpf;f efukhd kjPdhtpy; K];ypk;fspd; ,uj;jk; rpe;jg;gLtij tpUk;ghjNj

fhuzkhFk;. ,d;Dk;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfsJ mbikapd; rk;gtKk; ,J Nghd;W epidT $wj;jf;fNj.

epiyikapd; tpghPjj;ijg; Ghpe;J nfhz;l cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; mbik> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfisg;

ghJfhg;gjw;fhf MAjk; Ve;j Kw;gl;l nghOJ> mjidj; jLj;J epWj;jpa cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; eP

MAjNke;tpy;iy vd;W nrhd;dhy;> cd;id tpLjiy nra;a tpisfpd;Nwd; vd;W $wpdhHfs;. ,d;Dk; ,khk;

`]d; (uyp) mtHfSk;> ,d;Dk; rpyUk; fytuf;fhuHfSf;F vjpuhf MAjNke;Jtjw;fhf cJkhd; (uyp)

mtHfsplk; mDkjp Nfhhpa nghOJ> mDkjp kWj;j cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; jd;Dila tPl;il tpl;Lk;

ntspNawpr; nrd;W tpLkhW Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,e;jr; #o;epiyapy;> ,iwtdJ fl;lis vd;dthf

,Uf;FNkh> mjid jtpHe;J tpLtjw;F cJkhd;(uyp) mtHfs; tpUk;gtpy;iy. khwhf> ,iwtd; ehbaJ

elf;fl;Lk; vd;W vz;zpaNjhly;yhky;> jd;dhy; xU cs;ehl;Lf; fytuk; Vw;gl;L tplf; $lhJ vd;gjpy;

ftdkhf ,Ue;j mtHfs;> jd;Dila ,d;DapiuNa tpiyahfj; ju Kd;te;jhHfs;. ,e;j epiyapy; cjtpf;F

te;j gilfs; $l> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;l nra;jpawpe;J mq;fpUe;J jpUk;gpr; nrd;W

tpl;ld. ,jidAk; $l fytuf;fhuHfs; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L> 'ghUq;fs;> gy;NtW gFjpfSf;F cJkhd; (uyp)

mtHfs; jd;Dila cwtpdHfNsNa ftdHuhf epakpj;jpUe;j NghjpYk;> ,f;fl;lhd ,e;jr; #o;epiyapy; $l

mtHfs; ,tUf;F cjt Kd;tuhj msTf;F> ,tH kf;fsplk; nry;thf;fw;wtuhf ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;whH vd;W

Vsdkhff; Fwpg;gpl;lhHfs;. ,];yhj;jpd; cd;djk; tho Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf jd;Dila ,d;DapiuNa ,of;f

Kd;te;jhHfs; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs;. ,iwth! cd;Dila fUizapd; epoypd; fPo; thof; $ba tha;g;ig

mtHfSf;F toq;fpLthahf..!

\`Pj;..! gLnfhiyf;Fg; gpd; tPghPjq;fs;

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re;jHg;j;ij ed;F gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s epidj;j fytuf;fhuHfs;> NkYk; tpghPjq;fisf; fl;ltpo;j;J

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cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; cjtpf;fhf te;J tpl;lhy;> jq;fsJ epiyik ,f;fl;lhd epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gl;L

tpLk; vd;gjid czHe;j fytuf;fhuHfs;> `[;[{f; fhyk; Kbtiltjw;F Kd;ghfNt jq;fsJ jpl;lj;ij

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KfPuh gpd; \{g;gh

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nray;gLkhW $wpdhH. mjhtJ> Kjyhtjhf fytuf;fhuHfSf;F vjpuhf eltbf;if vLg;gJ> NghH nra;tJ>

,uz;lhtjhf> xU xl;lfj;ij jahH nra;J kf;fhtpw;Fr; nrd;W tpLtJ> ,Wjpahf> rphpahtpw;F vd;Dld;

Page 152: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

te;JtpLtJ. ,tH $wpa %d;W jpl;lq;fisAk; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s kWj;J tpl;lhHfs;.

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gj;J jifikfs;

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ghtq;fspd; gf;fk; neUq;fhj gz;ghsH

jpUkiwf;FHMid ghJfhg;Gr; nra;Ak; gzpapy; <Lgl;lJ

capHtho;e;j fhyj;jpNyNa Rtdj;jpw;fhd ed;khuhaj;ij ,iwj;J}jH(]y;) mtHfs; %yk; ngw;Wf;

nfhz;l gj;J egHfspy; xUtH vd;w rpwg;GilatH

,iwkhHf;fk; NkNyhq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf my;yh`;tpd; ghijapy; fzf;fpd;wp jd;Dila

tsj;ij mw;gzpj;jtH

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSk;> mGgf;fH (uyp) kw;Wk; ckH (uyp) MfpNahhpd; ed;kjpg;igg; ngw;wtUk;

MthH.

Fog;gKk;> gLnfhiyAk;

mg;Jy;yh gpd; ]yhk; vd;gtH cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfisr; re;jpj;J tpl;L> fytuf;fhuHfis Nehf;fp> ,J

ghtfukhd nray; vd;W $wpdhH.

,e;j epiyapy; ea;ahH gpd; ma;aho; m];ykp vd;gtH> fytuf;fhuHfSf;F Jiz epd;wJld;> cJkhd; (uyp)

mtHfisf; nfhiy nra;Ak; Nehf;fj;Jld; mtHfsJ tPl;bw;Fs; Eioe;jhH. ea;ahH cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfsJ

tPl;bid Nehf;fp tUtjidf; fz;l cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; MjuthsHfspy; xUtuhd fjPH gpd; ]yj; Fe;jp

vd;gtH xU mk;ig gha;r;rp> ea;ahH mtHfisf; nfhiy nra;J tpLfpd;whH. ,e;jf; nfhiyahdJ

fytuf;fhuHfis nfhjpj;njor; nra;J tpl;lJ. mtHfs; ,g;nghOJ ,d;ndhU Nfhhpf;ifia

Kd;itf;fyhdhHfs;. ea;ahiuf; nfhd;w Fw;wj;jpw;fhf fjPiu jq;fsplk; xg;gilf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W

NfhuyhdhHfs;. Mdhy; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfNsh> jd;Dila jw;fhg;gpw;fhf mk;nga;jtiu jd;dhy; xg;gilf;f

,ayhJ vd;W $wp tpl;lhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ tptfhuk; NkYk; NkYk; Kw;w Muk;gpj;jJ. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd;

tPl;Lf; fjT jhoplg;gl;L tpl;lJ. thrw; fjtpidg; ghJfhf;Fk; nghWg;gpid `]d; (uyp)> `{i]d; (uyp)>

mg;Jy;yh gpd; ]{igH (uyp)> kHthd; (uyp) kw;Wk; rpyH nghWg;Ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ> cJkhd;

(uyp) mtHfspd; MjuthsHfSf;Fk;> fytuf;fhuHfSf;FkpilNa KO mstpyhd NghH Muk;gkhdJ.

fytuf;fhuHfspd; gf;fk; rpyH nfhiy nra;ag;gl;ldH. kw;Wk; ,e;jg; gf;fk; `]d; (uyp)> kHthd; kw;Wk; rpyH

fhakile;jhHfs;.

Page 153: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,e;j epiyapy; fytuf;fhuHfspd; if Xq;f Muk;gpj;jJ> mtHfs; NkYk; NkYk; tYtila Muk;gpj;jJld;>

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; tPl;bid neUq;fp te;J mjw;Fj; jPAk; itj;J tpl;lhHfs;. mtHfspy; gpujhdkhf

K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH mtHfspd; jiyikapd; fPo; rpy fytuf;fhuHfs;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gf;fj;J

tPl;Lr; RtH kPJ Vwp> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; tPl;bw;Fs; Fjpf;fj; Jtq;fpdhHfs;. md;iwa jpdk; cJkhd;

(uyp) mtHfs; Nehd;Gk; itj;jpUe;jhHfs;. mjw;F Ke;ija jpdk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisf; fdtpYk;

fz;bUe;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ> cJkhNd..! ,d;iwa jpdk; khiyapy; vq;fSld; ,ize;J Nehd;G jpwg;gPuhf..!

ck;ik ehq;fs; tuNtw;fpd;Nwhk;> vd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; $wp ,Ue;jhHfs;. ,e;jf; fdtpd; %yk;>

,d;iwa jpdk; jk;Kila ,Wjp jpdk; vd;gij cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; Cfpj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;. kuzj;jpw;fhf

jahuhfpf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. mtuJ kidtp ieyh (uyp) mtHfs; mUfpy; mkHe;jpUf;f> jpUkiwf; FHMid

Xjpf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ fytuf;fhuHfspy; rpyH cJkhd;(uyp) mtHfs; mkHe;jpUe;j miwf;Fs;

Eioe;J tpl;lhHfs;. Mdhy;> miwf;Fs; Eioe;j vtUf;Fk; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfisf; nfhiy nra;Ak;

Jzpr;ry; tutpy;iy. ,e;j epiyapy;> K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH mtHfs; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfis neUq;fp

mtuJ jhbiag; gw;wp ,Oj;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ> K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fNu..! ePq;fs; vdf;F kUkfd; Nghy..>

vdf;F vjpuhf fytuj;jpy; ,wq;Ftjd; %ykhf> cq;fs; jfg;ghdhpd; ngaUf;F fsq;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jp

tplhjPHfs;. ,jidf; Nfl;l khj;jpuj;jpNyNa jd;Dila Kbit khw;wpf; nfhz;l K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH

mtHfs;> me;j miwia tpl;Lk; ntspNawp tpl;lhHfs;. ,jidf; ftdpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j fytuf;fhuHfs; rpyH>

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; mkHe;jpUe;j miwf;Fs; Eioe;J mtuJ jiyapd; kPJ xU mb nfhLj;jhHfs;.

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; kidtp fzthpd; kPJ tpOe;J mtHfisg; ghJfhf;f Kad;whHfs;. mtiu mg;Gwk;

js;sp tpl;l fytuf;fhuHfs;> kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; kPJ td;Kiwiag; gpuNahfpj;jhHfs;>

mtH kuzkilAk; tiuf;Fk; mtiu ea;ag; Gilj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. ,d;dh ypy;yh`p t ,d;dh ,iy`p

uh[pCd;. Nehd;G itj;jpUe;j epiyapNyNa cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; kuzkile;jhHfs;. mtH fz;l fdTk;

edthfpaJ> md;iwa jpdk; khiy ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSld; Nehd;G jpwg;gjhf mtH fz;l fdT ,jd;

%yk; edthfpaJ.

,e;jf; nfh^uj;ijg; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; mbikfspy; rpyH fytuf;fhuHfs; kPJ

gha;e;J> mtHfspy; rpyiuf; nfhd;W Nghl;lhHfs;. mq;Fk; ,q;Fk; vd fytuf;fhuHfSf;Fk;> cJkhd; (uyp)

mtHfspd; MjuthsHfSf;FkpilNa fytuk; eilngw;Wf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. tPl;bw;Fs; ,Ue;j nghUl;fs;

#iwahlg;gl;ld. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; ,we;jij mLj;J> tPl;bypUe;J ngz;fs; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd;

cly; kPJ tpOe;J mOJ fj;j Muk;gpj;jTld;> fytuf;fhuHfs; tPl;il tpl;L ntspNawp tpl;lhHfs;.

cly; mlf;fk;

cJkhd;(uyp) mtHfs; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;l gpd;Gk; jpUg;jp milahj fytuf;fhuHfs;> NkYk; NkYk; mtH kPJ

tQ;rfj;ijj; jPHj;Jf; nfhs;s tpUk;gpdH. mtuJ cliyAk; rpijf;f tpUk;gpdhHfs;. ,d;Dk; mtuJ cliy

mlf;fk; nra;tjw;Ff;$l mDkjpf;f kWj;jdH. fytuf;fhuHfspy; rpyH cJkhd;(uyp) mtHfspd; cliy rpijf;f

Kad;w nghOJ> cJkhd;(uyp) mtHfspd; tpjit kidtpaHfs; jq;fsJ fztuJ cly; kPJ tpOe;J> cuj;Jf;

Fuy; vOg;gpdhHfs;. mtHfsJ mgaf; Fuypd; XirahdJ> fytuf;fhuHfis rw;Wj; js;spNa epw;f itj;jJ.

,e;j epiyapy;> cJkhd;(uyp) mtHfspd; cliy mlf;fk; nra;a mDkjpj;J tplf; $lhJ vd;w Kbtpy;

tPl;ilr; Rw;wpr; Rw;wp te;jdH fytuf;fhuHfs;.

,we;j cly; mlf;fk; nra;ag;glhky;> %d;W ehl;fs; tPl;bw;Fs;NsNa itf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. mg;nghOJ>

cJkhd;(uyp) mtHfsJ kidtp> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; MjuthsHfis mZfp> cliy mlf;fk;

nra;tjw;F cjTkhW Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpd;whHfs;. mtHfsJ miog;gpw;F kpfr; rpyNu nrtpkLf;fpd;whHfs;.

mtHfspy; kHthd; gpd; `fk;> i]j; gpd; jhgpj; (uyp)> `{thjpg; gpd; my;/guhm> [hgpH gpd; Kj;mk;> mG+ [`;k;

gpd; `{ij/gh> `hfpk; gpd; `]k; kw;Wk; epahH gpd; KfHuk; MfpNahHfshthHfs;. khiy kq;Fk; Neuj;jpy;

cly; vLf;fg;gl;lJ. tPl;ilr; Rw;wpYk; Kw;Wif ,Ue;jjd; fhuzkhf> [d]hit vLj;Jr; nry;yg; gad;gLk;

$L gad;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. jz;zPH fpilf;fhjjd; fhuzkhf clYk; fOtg;gltpy;iy. mtH gLnfhiy

nra;ag;gl;l Neuj;jpy; mzpe;jpUe;j MilAld; ika thbf;F vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;lhH. xU mwptpg;gpd;gb> cJkhd;

(uyp) mtHfspd; cliy mlf;fk; nra;tjw;F myp(uyp) mtHfsplk; mDkjp Nfhug;gl;bUe;jJ vd;Wk;> ,d;ndhU

mwptpg;gpd;gb mt;thwhd mDkjp ngwg;gltpy;iy vd;Wk; $wg;gLfpd;wJ. ,d;Dk; ahUf;Fk; njhpahky;

Page 154: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

cJkhd;(uyp) mtHfsJ cly; ufrpakhf vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;lJ. ,d;DnkhU mwptpg;gpd;gb> cJkhd; (uyp)

mtHfsJ cly; ika thbf;F vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;lij mwpe;J fytuf;fhuHfs;> cJkhd;(uyp) mtHfspd;

cly; kPJ fw;fis vwpe;jjhfTk; $wg;gLfpd;wJ. Mdhy;> ,j;jifa eltbf;iffspy; <Lgl Ntz;lhk; vd;W

mtHfis myp (uyp) mtHfs; vr;rhpf;if nra;jjhfTk; mwptpg;Gfs; $Wfpd;wd. mjd; gpd; mtHfs; ,j;jifa

eltbf;iffspy; ,Ue;J xJq;fpf; nfhz;lhHfs;. rpy mwptpg;Gfspd;gb myp (uyp) mtHfs; mlf;f epfo;r;rpfspy;

fye;J nfhz;ljhf $wg;gLfpd;wd. Mdhy;> ngUk;ghyhd mwptpg;Gfspd;gb> mlf;f epfo;r;rpapy; myp (uyp)

mtHfs; fye;J nfhs;stpy;iy vd;Nw njhpatUfpd;wJ. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfsJ kidtp ieyh (uyp)

mtHfs; ifapy; tpsf;if Ve;jpf; nfhz;L cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfsJ mlf;f ,lj;jpw;F Map\h gpd;j; cJkhd;

(uyp) kw;Wk; rpy ngz;fSld; gpd;njhlHe;jjhfTk;> ,d;Dk; ufrpak; Ngzg;gLtjpd; mtrpaj;ij Kd;dpl;L

tpsf;F mizf;fg;gl;L tpl;ljhfTk; mwptpg;Gfs; $Wfpd;wd.

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfsJ cly; 'gf;fp my; /gHfj;"" vd;Dk; mlf;fj; jsj;jpw;F vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;lJ. mq;F

$ba fytuf;fhuHfspy; rpyH> K];ypk;fis mlf;fg; gad;gLk; mlf;fj;jskhfpa ,jpy; $l mtiu mlf;fk;

nra;af; $lhJ vd;W mtHfs; fytuk; nra;a Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. K];ypk;fspd; mlf;fj; jsj;jpy; jhd; cJkhd;

(uyp) mtHfs; mlf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W cJkhd;(uyp) mtHfspd; MjuthsHfs; Fuy; nfhLf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ> fytuf;fhuHfspd; Fuy; Xq;f Muk;gpj;jJ> ,d;Dk; ,e;j epiy ePbj;jhy;> NkYk; fytuj; jP gut

Muk;gpj;J tpLk; vd;w epiy cUthf Muk;gpj;jJ. mjd; gpd;> NtW topapd;wp cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; cly;

mUfpy; cs;s A+jHfspd; mlf;fj; jskhfpa ''`{\; ft;fg;"" vd;w ,lj;jpw;F vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;lJ. mq;NfNa

mtruk; mtrukhf mlf;fk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. [d]hj; njhOifia [hgpH gpd; Kj;Mk; (uyp) mtHfs; Kd;dpd;W

elj;jpdhHfs;. mlf;f epfo;r;rp Kbe;jjd; gpd;G> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfsJ kidtp ieyh mtHfSk; Map\h

mtHfSk; mq;fpUe;NjhHfsplk; Ngr tpUk;gpdhHfs;. fytuf; #oy; fhuzkhf jw;Nghijf;F mikjpahf

,Uf;Fk;gb> cJkhd;(uyp) mtHfspd; MjuthsHfshy; mwpTiu $wg;gl;lJ.

mlf;f epiy gw;wpa kjpg;gPL

K];ypk;fspd; murpay; epiyg;ghL epiyFiye;J tpl;ljd; fhuzkhf> xU ,];yhkpa Ml;rpj;jiythpd; mlf;f

epfo;r;rp $l mikjpahd Kiwapy; elf;f ,ayhky; NghdJ Fwpj;J ehk; tUj;jg;gl Kbfpd;wNjh xopa> NtW

vd;djhd; nra;a ,aYk;. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; mlf;f epfo;r;rp ,];yhkpa khz;GfSf;F moF NrHg;gjy;y>

,d;Dk; mjid tplf; nfhLikahd epfo;r;rp NtW vJTk; ,y;iy. fle;j 12 tUlq;fshf kjPdh kf;fspd;

Njitiaf; ftdpj;J ftdpj;Jr; nra;j me;j kdpjuJ cly; mlf;fk;> mJTk; Ml;rpj; jiythpd; cly;

mlf;fk; ,e;j msT Nkhrkhfg; Nghdjw;F ahH fhuzk;. fhynky;yhk; ,e;j rKjha Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhf

jd;idNa mw;gzpj;Jf; nfhz;l me;jj; jiytH> jdJ ,Wjp ,Ug;gplj;ij A+jHfspd; rkhjpfSf;F kj;jpapy;

mikj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;bajhfp tpl;lNj.

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; mjpfhuj;jpd; cr;rpapy; ,Ue;j nghOJ> K];ypk;fspd; kz;ziwf;Fk;> A+jHfsJ

kz;ziwf;Fk; eLNt ,Ue;j kjpy; Rtiu ,bj;jhH. cJkhd;(uyp) mtHfspd; kz;ziwiar; Rw;wpYk;

K];ypk;fspd; [dh]hf;fis mlf;fk; nra;jhH> mJKjy; F\; ft;fg; vd;w A+jHfspd; kz;ziw> 'gfP" my;

/gHfj; vd;w K];ypk;fspd; kz;ziwahf khwpaJ.

Map\h gpd;j; cJkhd; mtHfspd; ,uq;fy; ciu

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfsJ cly; ey;ylf;fjpw;fhf vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;lTld;> mtuJ kfshuhd Map\h mtHfs;

mq;Nf xU rpwpa ciuia Mw;wpdhHfs; :

''ehd; vdJ je;ijapd; kuzj;jpw;fhf kpfTk; ghpjhgkhd Kiwapy; Jf;fk; mD\;bf;fpNwd;. mtH vdf;F kl;Lk;

je;ijay;y> khwhf KO K];ypk; ck;kj;jpw;Fk; mtH je;ij Nghd;wtH. vtHfisnay;yhk; jdJ kfdhfg;

ghtpj;jhNuh> me;j kfd;fNs jdJ je;ijiaf; nfhd;W tpl;lhHfs;.

vdJ je;ij cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfisf; nfhd;w nfhiy ghjfHfNs..> ehk; midtUk; my;yh`;tpd;

gilg;gpdq;fs;> ehk; midtUk; mtdplNk kPs Ntz;bajpUf;fpd;wJ. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,e;j Gdpj

kpF efuj;jpy;> ,d;Dk; mtUld; neUf;fkhd Njhouhf ,Ue;j xUtiuf; nfhd;W NghLtjw;F cq;fSf;F

vg;gbj; jhd; kdJ te;jJ. mtiuf; nfhd;w gpd;Dk; $l> mtuJ mlf;fj;ijf; $l epk;kjpahf rpukkpy;yhky;

eilngw mtHfs; mDkjpf;ftpy;iyNa..!

Page 155: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

ah my;yh`;..! Ml;rpahsH vd;w mbg;gilapy; jdJ mjpfhuj;ij mtH epiyepWj;j Kaw;rpj;jpUg;ghnud;why;>

mtUf;F Mjuthf VuhskhNdhH te;jpUg;ghHfs;. rj;jpaKk;> ePjpAk; mtuJ gf;fj;jpy; jhd; ,Ue;jJ> ,d;Dk;

,iwar;rKilatHfs; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; gf;fNk ,ize;jpUg;ghHfs;. me;jf; fytuf;fhuHfs; gpbf;fg;gl;L>

mtHfsJ jiyfs; nfha;ag;gl;bUf;Fk;> ,d;Dk; ,uj;j MW XbapUe;jpUf;Fk;. ,J cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd;

topKiway;yNt. vjid ehk; rhpnad;W ,g;nghOJ epidf;fpd;NwhNkh> mjid Ntz;lhnkd;whH> mtH ,uj;j

MW XLtjid vjpHj;jhH. cs;ehl;L Aj;jk; xd;W eilngw ,Ug;gijj; jtpHf;Fk; nghUl;L> jd;idNa

mjw;fhf mw;gzpg;gjw;F Kd; te;jhH.

nfhiy ghjfHfNs..> ePq;fs; K];ypk;fshf ,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;w epiyapy;> cq;fsJ Ml;rpj; jiytUf;Ff;

fl;Lg;gl;L elf;f Ntz;baJ mtrpak;> ,d;Dk; ePq;fs; mtuJ fuj;jpy; igmj; vd;w thf;FWjpAk;

mspj;jpUf;fpd;wPHfNs. cq;fsJ Ml;rpahsiuf; nfhiy nra;jjd; %ykhf> ePq;fs; ,];yhj;ij my;yth

kWj;jpUf;fpd;wPHfs;. cq;fisNa ePq;fs; ngha;g;gLj;jp ,Uf;fpd;wPHfNs. mtUf;F vjpuhf tje;jpg; gpur;rhuj;ij

my;yth ePq;fs; nra;jpUf;fpd;wPHfs;> mtH kPJ Rkj;jg;gl ,ayhj mHj;jkw;w Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fis my;yth

Gide;jpUf;fpd;wPHfs;. mtH kPJ Gide;Jiuf;fg;gl;l mj;jid Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fisAk; kWj;jpUf;fpd;whNu> mjidf;

Nfl;l gpd;Gk; cq;fsJ NfL nfl;l nray;fis cjwpj; js;stpy;iyNa. VJkwpahj kdpjiu ePq;fs; nfhiy

nra;jpUf;fpd;wPHfs;> mtuJ ,uj;jk; ,g;nghOJ cq;fis gop thq;fj; Jbj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

vdJ je;ijNa..! my;yh`; cq;fs; kPJ fUiz fhl;Lthdhf. cz;ikahd K];ypkhf tho;e;J cq;fsJ

flikia ePq;fs; rhptur; nra;Js;sPHfs;. fLikahd Nrhjidahf fhy fl;lq;fspy; ePq;fs; nghWikAld;

,Ue;jpUf;fpd;wPHfs;> ,d;Dk; cq;fs; kPJ Gide;Jiuf;fg;gl;l mj;jid Fw;wr;rhl;LfisAk; nghWikAld; vjpH

nfhz;L gjpYiuj;jpUf;fpd;wPHfs;. cq;fsJ kuzj;ij rphpj;j Kfj;JlNdNa re;jpj;jpUf;fpd;wPHfs;. ePq;fs;

my;yh`;tpd; ghijapy; capH Jwe;j jpahfr; nrk;ky;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSila Njhouhf me;j

Rtdj;jpy; Rw;wp tUfpd;wPHfs;.

,g;nghOJ cq;fisf; nfhd;wtHfSf;fpilapNyNa fUj;J Nkhjy;fs;> mtHfs; jq;fSf;Fs;NsNa thjg;

gpujpthjq;fs; nra;J jHf;fk; nra;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs;. vq;Fk; tp\kk; jiytphpj;jhLfpd;wJ> cq;fsJ

vjphpfSila mlf;FKiw vq;Fk; tpahgpj;J tpl;lJ. eatQ;rfHfSila Kfj;jpiu ,g;nghOJ fpopa

Muk;gpj;Js;sJ> ,d;Dk; mtHfs; jq;fSf;Fs; gpzf;F Vw;gl;L> gpur;idfSf;F Kfk; nfhLf;f

Muk;gpj;Js;sdH.

cJkhd; mtHfisf; nfhd;w nfhiy ghjfHfNs> ePq;fs; vt;tsT nfhLikahd> ,d;Dk; mePjkhdtHfs;.

cq;fsJ Nfhhpf;ififs Kd;itj;J cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfsplj;jpy; tuk;G kPwp tpl;BHfs;. mtH jdf;F

Kd;dpUe;jtHfspd; mbr;Rtl;ilNa gpd;gw;wpdhH. ckhpd; fhyj;jpy; mthplk; ePq;fs; ve;jf; Nfhhpf;ifiaAk; Kd;

itf;fhky; Vd; nksdkhf ,Ue;jPHfs;. mtH fLikahdtH> vdNt mtUf;Fg; gae;J mthplk; cq;fsJ

Nfhhpf;ifia Kd;itf;ftpy;iy. mNjNeuj;jpy; cJkhd; cq;fis fdpTld; elj;jpdhH. Mdhy; me;j fdpthd

jd;ikia ghuhl;Ltjw;Fg; gjpyhf> mtiuNa ePq;fs; vjpHf;fj; Jzpe;J tpl;BHfs;. ,J ed;wp nfl;ljdkhFk;.

,iwtDf;Fk; kdpjDf;F ed;wp nrYj;jhj gz;G kpfg; ngUk; Fw;wkhFk;. ed;wp nfl;l kdpjHfs; epr;rakhf

ey;tho;T tho khl;lhHfs;. cq;fsJ ed;wp nfl;l jdj;jpd; fhuzkhf ePq;fs; ele;J nfhz;l <dj;jdkhf

nra;iff;fhf cq;fis tuyhW vd;iwf;Fk; kd;dpf;fhJ. cq;fsJ ,Wjp ,Ug;gplk; eufNkahFk;.

ckUila Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; ePq;fs; vt;thW ,Ue;jPHfs; vd;gij rw;W epidj;Jg; ghUq;fs;. ePq;fs; vg;nghOJ

mr;rj;jhYk;> gaj;jhYk; #og;gl;bUe;jPHfs;. cq;fsJ eltbf;iffSf;F mtH jil gpwg;gpj;jpUe;jhH. mtH

cq;fsJ Rje;jpuj;jpw;Fj; jpiu Nghl;bUe;jhH. mtUf;F vjpuhf ve;j vjpHg;igAk; fhl;lhky;> mtUf;Ff;

fl;Lg;gl;ltHfshf ePq;fs; ,Ue;jPHfs;. mtUf;F Kd;dhy; epd;W NgrNt gae;jPHfs;> mtiu vjpHj;Jg; NgrTk;

,ayhjpUe;jPHfs;. jd;Dila ifapy; vg;nghOJk; rhl;iliaf; ifapy; itj;Jf; nfhz;Nl jphpe;j> Ml;rpahsH

mtH. nrtpl;Lf; fhy;eiliag; Nghd;Nw cq;fis mtH elj;jpdhH. Mdhy;> cJkhd; cq;fis kdpjHfshf

elj;jpdhH. cq;fSf;F KOr; Rje;jpuj;ij toq;fpdhH. cq;fsJ midj;J eltbf;iffspd; kPjpUe;j

midj;Jj; jilfisAk; ePf;fpdhH. cq;fsJ cjtpj; njhiffis caHj;jpdhH> cq;fsJ midj;J tho;f;if

trjpfisAk; ghHj;Jg; ghHj;J> ftdpj;Jr;nra;jhH. mjw;Fg; gpujpaPlhf mtiu ePq;fs; nfhiy

nra;jpUf;fpd;wPHfs;. ,J kpfTk; tpj;jpahrkhdJ. ePq;fs; ,];yhj;jpd; khz;Gfisg; ngha;g;gpj;jpUf;fpd;wPHfs;.

ed;ikf;Fg; gjpyhf jPikiar; nra;Js;sPHfs;. ,d;iwa jpdk; my;yh`; jdJ fUizapdhy; cq;fsplkpUe;J

vq;fisg; gphpj;J tpl;lhd;. ePq;fs; gLghjfkhd Fw;wkpioj;J tpl;ltHfs;. Ghpe;J nfhs;Sq;fs;> mePjp

Page 156: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

vg;nghOJNk ntw;wp ngw;W tplhJ. mNj Neuj;jpy; rj;jpak; jiof;Fk;> ntw;wp ngWk;> mg;nghOJ ePq;fs;

nra;jitfs; Fwpj;J tpdtg;gLtPHfs;. ,iwtd; kPJ ehd; KOikahd ek;gpf;if itj;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;>

cJkhidf; nfhiy nra;jtHfis mtd; epr;rakhfg; gop thq;Fthd;. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; Mj;kh

Rtdj;jpy; vd;nwd;Wk; epiy ngwl;Lkhf! mePjkhd Kiwapy; mtH jdJ ,d;Dapiu ,e;j cyfj;jpy; ,oe;J

tpl;lhH> epr;rakhf mjw;F gpujpaPlhf my;yh`; mtUf;F kWik ehspNy jPHg;Gr; nra;thd;. gpujpAgfhuk;

toq;Fthd;.

nea;yh - cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; kidtpapd; ,uq;fy; ciu

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; mlf;f epfo;r;rpapy;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; kidtp nea;yh mtHfs;

kjPdhthrpfspd; Kd;dpiyapy; Mw;wpa ciu tUkhW :

vd;dUik ,];yhkpar; rNfhjuHfNs> vd;Dila ,jaj;jpNy ciwe;J NghapUf;fpd;witfis cq;fs;

Kd;dpiyapy; ehd; Ngr tpUk;GtJ Fwpj;J ePq;fs; Mr;rhpag;gl Ntz;lhk;. vd;Dila Ngr;R tPzhdJk; my;yJ

ntl;bg; Ngr;Rky;y. ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shd> ,d;Dk; Jf;fj;jpy; Njha;e;j epiyapy; cq;fs; Kd; epw;fpd;Nwd;. vdJ

MUapHf; fztH nfhiy nra;ag;gl;lJ Fwpj;Jk;> mjd; Nrhfk; Fwpj;Jk; vd;dhy; thHj;ijfshy; tbf;f

,aytpy;iy. fLikahf ehd; mOjjd; tpisT> vdJ fz;zpy; $l fz;zPHg; G+f;fs; ciwe;J Ngha; tpl;ld.

fLikahd Nrhfj;jpy; ehd; ,Uf;fpd;Nwd;. mJ <L nra;a ,ayhjnjhU rk;gtkhfp tpl;lJ. ,e;j epiyapy;>

kdpjHfshfpa ehk; cjtp nra;ag;gl ,ayhj epiyf;F Mshfp tpl;Nlhk;. ehk; my;yh`;tplkpUe;Nj te;Njhk;>

mtdplNk ek;Kila kPSjYk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. mtUila kuzj;jpw;F vdJ mDjhgq;fs;. mtuJ kuzk; vdf;F

kl;Lk; mjpHr;rpahdjy;y> mJ KO K];ypk; ck;kj;ijAk; kpfg; nghpa mjpHr;rpapy; ciwa itj;Js;sJ.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; MUapHj; NjhoH. xUtH gpd; xUtuhf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; ,uz;L

kfs;fis kze;J nfhz;l caH jFjp gilj;jtH. mjw;fhfNt mtUf;F Jd;E}iud; vd;w gl;;lKk;

toq;fg;gl;lJ. ,d;Dk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; MNyhrfuhfTk; ,Ue;jhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfsJ kiwTf;Fg; gpd;dH> mGgf;fH (uyp) > ckH (uyp) MfpNahHfs; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; kPJ caHe;j

ed;kjpg;G itj;jpUe;jNjhL> Kf;fpakhd mur tptfhuq;fspy; mthplk; fye;jhNyhrid nra;af; $batHfshf

,Ue;jhHfs;. mtuJ jifikg; gz;GfspYk;> ,d;Dk; ,uf;f kdg;ghd;ikapYk; mtiu kpQ;rf; $batHfs; vtUk;

,y;iy. fz;zpakpf;f> mjpf ehzKila> mjpf jahsj; jd;ikAila> caH gz;GfisAila> NeHikahd>

mjpf ,uf;f RghtKila xU kdpjuhfj; jpfo;e;jhH. mtH ed;ikia VtpdhH> jPikiaj; jLj;jhH. mtuJ

jahsj; jd;ikf;F vy;iyNa fpilahJ. mtH Vuhskhd mdhijfSf;Fk;> tho;tpoe;j ngz;fSf;Fk;

cjtpf;fuk; ePl;bdhH. epHf;fjpahNdhUf;F cjTtjpy; vg;nghOJk; Kd;dzpapy; ,Ue;jhH. mtuJ ew;nfhilfs;

ahTk; vy;NyhUk; mwpe;j xd;Nw. mjw;F Vuhskhd vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfisf; $w KbAk;.

mtH Ml;rpj; jiytuhf 12 Mz;Lfs; Ml;rp Ghpe;jhH. ,tUf;F Kd;dH Ml;rp nra;j Ml;rpahsHfis vy;yhk;

tpl ,tuJ Ml;rpf;fhyk; ePz;lJ. ,tuJ Ml;rpf; fhyk; kf;fs; epidT $wj; jf;fit. ,tuJ Ml;rpf;

fhyj;jpy; Vuhskhd ehLfs; ntw;wp nfhs;sg;gl;ld. ,tuJ Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; jhd; Kjd; Kjyhf K];ypk;fs;>

fly; gFjpf;Fk; jiytHfshf MdhHfs;.

cJkhd; (uyp) fUizkpFe;j Ml;rpahsH. mtH cq;fsJ cjtpj; njhiffis mjpfhpj;jhH. mtuJ Ml;rpapd;

nghOJ ehL nropg;ghf ,Ue;jJ. mtH Ml;rpg; nghWg;Ngw;w nghOJ kjPdh kpfg; nghpa efukhf ,Ue;jjpy;iy.

,tuJ Ml;rpapd; fPo; jhd; mJ khefukhf cUntLj;jJ. ,d;Dk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)mtHfspd; gs;spia

tp];jhpg;G nra;J> mjd; gug;gsit mjpfg;gLj;jpdhH. ,d;Dk; kf;fspd; jz;zPH gQ;rj;ijg; Nghf;f Vuhskhd

fpzWfisAk; mtH cUthf;fpdhH. gQ;r fhyq;fspd; nghOJ> my;yh`;tpd; ctg;ig kl;LNk Nehf;fkhff;

nfhz;L> jdJ nrhe;j gzj;ijf; nfhz;L kf;fSf;F jhdpaq;fis thq;fp toq;fpdhH.

cq;fsJ efuj;jpd; jiykfd;. mtH cq;fSf;fhf mjpf eyd;fs; Ghpe;jpUf;fpd;whH> Mdhy; mjw;F ePq;fs;

nra;jNjh nfhQ;rk; jhd;. cq;fsJ Kd;dpiyapNyNa fytuf;fhuHfs; mtiuf; nfhiy nra;jpUf;fpd;whHfs;>

,Ug;gpDk; mjidj; jLf;f Kaw;rpf;fhJ> cq;fsJ tPl;Lf; fjTfSf;Fg; gpd;dhy; xope;J nfhz;BHfs;. nfhiy

nra;tJ ghjfr; nray;> Mdhy; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; nfhiyahdJ gLghjfkhdJ> tuyhW jd;dpy;

gjpTnra;J itj;jpUf;fpd;w kpfTk; Nrhfkhd tuyhwhFk; mJ. mtHfs; cJkhd; mtHfisf; nfhiy nra;jjd;

%yk;> ,];yhj;ijf; nfhiy nra;Js;shHfs;. Gdpjkpf;f efukhd kjPdhtpy; mtH gLnfhiy

nra;ag;gl;bUf;fpd;whH> mJ kpfTk; fiw gbe;j tuyhwhFk;. ,d;Dk; Gdpj kpf;f `[; khjj;jpd; nghOJ

Page 157: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;bUg;gJ> me;j khjj;jpd; Gdpjj;ijNa Fop Njhz;bg; Gijg;gJ Nghyhfp tpl;lJ.

,];yhk; kdpj Fyj;jpw;F mUl;nfhilahf te;Jjpj;jJ. ,];yhk;.. mwpahikf;fhyg; gof;f tof;fq;fis

Kw;whf xopf;f te;jJ. cJkhd; (uyp)mtHfspd; gLnfhiyahdJ kPz;Lk; mwpahikf;fhyr; #oy; jiynaLj;J

tpl;lNjh vd;W vz;zj; Njhd;Wfpd;wJ. mtuJ gLnfhiyahdJ K];ypk;fSf;Fs; gphptpid tpijiaj; J}tp

tpl;Ls;sJ. mtuJ gLnfhiyapd; %yk; ekJ ntw;wp Kfhk;fs;> ,g;nghOJ mjd; Kd;Ndw;wj;ij ,oe;J

nraypoe;J epw;fpd;wd. Fwpg;ghf> K];ypk;fs; ,iwepuhfhpg;ghsHfis vjpHj;Jg; NghH Ghpe;j ehl;fs; Nghf>

,g;nghOJ nrhe;j rNfhjuHfisNa vjpHj;J NghH Ghpa Ntz;ba epiy cUthf;fg;gl;L tpl;lJ. K];ypk;fis

Nehf;fp Fog;gkhd ehl;fs; te;J nfhz;bUg;gij ehd; ghHf;fpd;Nwd;. ,iwtd; ek;kPJ fUiz Ghpal;Lk;!

cJkhd; mtHfspd; kPJk; ,iwtd; jdJ fUiz kioiag; nghopal;Lk;> Rtdj;jpd; rpwg;G kpf;f gFjpapy;

mtiur; NrHj;jUsl;Lk;!

,jidaLj;J> ,];yhkpaf; ftpij Gidtjpy; md;iwf;F kpfTk; Gfo; ngw;W tpsq;fpatHfshfpa `]d; gpd;

jhgpj;> fmg; gpd; khypf; md;]hhp> fj;jhg; gpd; a]Pj; K[h\p> fh]pk; gpd; cika;ah gpd; mgP my; ]yhj;> iyyh

mifyh> ,g;D f]Pkh> tyPj; gpd; cf;gh> Ikd; gpd; `h]pk; gpd; /gjpf; m]jp (uyp-md;`{k;) MfpNahH

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; kPJ ,uq;fw;gh ghbdhHfs;.

mkPH KMtpahtpw;F ieyh mtHfs; vOjpa fbjk;

ieyh mtHfs; gw;wp rpW Fwpg;G :

ieyh gpd; gH/g;]h> ,tH cJkhd; (uyp)mtHfspd; kidtpahthH. ,tH fpwp];jt Fyj;ijr; NrHe;jtH.

cJkhd;(uyp) mtHfis kze;J nfhz;l nghOJ> ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhH. ,tHfsJ jpUkzk; VO

Mz;Lfs; ePbj;jJ. ,e;j ehl;fspy; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gphpaj;jpw;Fhpa kidtpahf ,Ue;jhH. ,d;Dk;

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyapd; nghOJ> cJkhd;(uyp) mtHfSld; ,Ue;jtHfSs; ,tUk; xUtH.

cJkhd;(uyp) mtHfis nfhiyfhuHfs; jhf;fpa nghOJ> mtH kPJ tpOe;j mbfspy; rpy ,tH kPJk; tpOe;jJ.

mjpy; fhaKk; mile;jhH. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; capUld; ,Ue;j ehl;fspy;> jhd; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;lhy;>

jdJ gLnfhiyf;fhd epahaj;ij NfhUgtuhf KMtpah (uyp) mtHfis epakpj;jpUe;jhHfs;. cJkhd; (uyp)

mtHfs; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;ljw;Fg; gpd;G> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;F xU fbjj;ij ieyh mtHfs; mDg;gp

itj;jhHfs;.

ieyh mtHfspd; fbjk;

mtuJ fbjj;jpd; rhuk; tUkhW :

ieyh gpd;j; /gu/g]h tplkpUe;J mkPH KMtpah gpd; mgP R/g;ahd; mtHfSf;F>

,e;jf; fbjj;jpd; %ykhf> my;yh`; cq;fs;; kPJ nrhwpe;jpUf;fpd;w mUl;nfhilfisAk;> K];ypk;fshf

cq;fis Mf;fpapUg;gijAk;> cq;fSf;F NeHtop fhl;bapUg;gijAk;> ,d;Dk; ,iwepuhfhpg;gpypUe;J cq;fis

kPl;bUg;gjidAk; epidj;Jg; ghHf;FkhW cq;fis miof;fpd;Nwd;.

,iwtdJ jpUg;ngauhy;..> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfisg; gLnfhiy nra;jjw;F vjpuhf epahaj;ijf; NfhUk;gb

cq;fsplk; tpz;zg;gpf;fpd;Nwd;. mtUf;Fk; cq;fSf;Fk; ,ilNa ,Ue;j njhlHgpd; mbg;gilapy;> mtuJ

gLnfhiyf;F vjpuhf gop vLg;gJ cq;fs; kPJ flikahf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,J my;yh`;tpd; fl;lisAk; $l>

K];ypk;fspd; ,uz;L FOf;fSf;fpilNa ,uj;j rpe;jg;gLkhdhy;> mtHfSf;fpilNa rkhjhdj;ij cz;lhf;f

Kaw;rpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W my;yh`; $Wfpd;whd;> Mdhy; mtHfspy; vtuhtJ tuk;G kPWthnudpy;> mtHfSf;F

vjpuhf eltbf;if vLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;> tuk;GkPWgtHfs; kPJ nfhiyj; jz;lidia epiwNtw;Wq;fs; vd;Wk;

jpUkiw $Wfpd;wJ.

ve;jtpj epahaKk; ,d;wp rpyH cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhf ele;J nfhz;lhHfs;. ,];yhj;jpy; mtuJ

cd;dj epiy Fwpj;J ePq;fs; mwptPHfs;. mtH ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F kpfTk; mUNf neUf;fkhf

,Ue;jtHfs;. mtH rhJHakhd Kiwapy; nfhy;iyg; Gwkhf mjpfhuj;ijf; ifg;gw;wtpy;iy. mtiu kf;fs; jhd;

jq;fsJ Ml;rpahsuhfj; NjHe;njLj;jhHfs;. fle;j 12 Mz;Lfshf ,uTk;> gfYkhf kf;fspd; ed;ikf;fhfNt

mtH cioj;jhH. mtuJ Ml;rpf; fhyg; gFjpapy; Vuhskhd gFjpfs; ntw;wp nfhs;sg;gl;ld. Vuhskhd

nry;tq;fs; murpd; f[hdhit epug;gpd. kf;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;L te;j cjtpg; gzk; mjpfhpf;fg;gl;lJ. kf;fs;

tskhd tho;f;iff;Fr; nrhe;jf; fhuHfs; MdhHfs;. mtuJ Ml;rpapd; nghd;dhd ehl;fs; Fwpj;J Nghw;Wtij

Page 158: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

tpl;L tpl;L> mtUf;F vjpuhfNt rpy tp\kq;fisr; nra;a Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. mj;jifa tp\kj;jdkhd

eltbf;iffis cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; ,Uk;Gf; fuk; nfhz;L mlf;fp ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;> Mdhy; kf;fspd; kPJ

mlf;FKiwia mtH fl;ltpo;f;f kWj;J tpl;lhH. ,iwtdJ fl;lisf;F Kd;ghf jd;id cz;ikahd

K];ypkhf mtdplNk jd;id mw;gzpj;J tpl;lhH.

mtUf;F vjpuhff; $wg;gl;l midj;J Fw;wr;rhl;LfSf;Fk; jpUg;jpfukhd Kiwapy; gjpy; $wpdhH. fle;j 12

Mz;Lfshf mtH jdJ nrhe;j tho;f;iff;fhd murpd; f[hdhtpypUe;J vjidAk; vLj;Jr; nryT

nra;jjpy;iy. khwhf> jdJ nrhe;jg; gzj;ijj; jhd; mjpfkhd Kiwapy; kf;fspd; ed;ikf;fhfr; nryT

nra;jpUf;fpd;whH. mtH Ml;rpg; nghWg;ig Vw;Wf; nfhz;l me;j ehspy;> muGg; gpuNjrj;jpy; cs;s ngUk;

gzf;fhuHfspy; xUtuhf mtH ,Ue;jhH. mtH Ml;rpg; nghWg;Ngw;Wf; nfhz;ljd; gpd;G> mtuJ nrhj;Jf;fs;

nfhQ;rk; nfhQ;rkhff; fiua Muk;gpj;jd. mtUf;F vjpuhfg; Gide;Jiuf;fg;gl;l midj;Jf; Fw;wr;rhl;LfSk;

mHj;jkw;wit> kdpjHfspd; tptfhuq;fspy; ePjp nrYj;jf; $ba ePjthd;fspy; mtH rpwe;j kdpjH ,d;Dk; mtH

jdf;F kpfTk; ek;gpf;ifAs;stHfisNa gjtpapy; mkHj;jpdhH> ,d;Dk; mtHfs; murpd; nfhs;iffis

Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;thHfs; vd;w ek;gpf;ifapNyNa mj;jifa epakdq;fs; nra;ag;gl;ld.

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhf elj;jg;gl;l fpsHr;rpfs; ahTk;> Njr tpNuhjr; nray;fshFk;. ,tHfSf;F

Mf;fKk; Cf;fKk; ntspahHfNs je;jhHfs;. ,];yhj;jpd; ntw;wpfs; Fwpj;J jq;fSf;Fs; nghwhikg;gl;Lf;

nfhz;ltHfNs> ,j;jifa rjpr; nray;fisr; nra;J ,];yhj;jpd; ntw;wpia Klkhf;f Kaw;rp nra;Js;shHfs;.

,jpy; nfhLik vd;dntd;why;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; Kd;dzpj; NjhoHfspy; rpyH ,e;jf;

nfhLikf;fhuHfspd; rjptiyfspy; tPo;e;Js;shHfs;> ,d;Dk; vjphpfSf;F kiwKfkhf cjtpAk; nra;Js;shHfs;

vd;gNj ftiyaspf;Fk; nra;jpahFk;.

fytuf;fhuHfs; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; tPl;bid Kw;Wif ,l;lhHfs;. mtuJ tPl;Lf; fjtUNf KO

MAjghzpfshf epd;whHfs;. mtuJ tPl;bw;Fs; czT> jz;zPH vd;W vjidAk; nfhz;L nry;y mtHfs;

mDkjpf;ftpy;iy. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ nrhe;jg; gzj;jpy; ,Ue;J thq;fpa fpzw;wpy; ,Ue;J jz;zPH

gpbj;J vLj;J tuf; $l vk;ik mtHfs; mDkjpf;ftpy;iy. me;jf; fytuf;fhuHfs; midj;J tptfhuq;fspYk;

myp (uyp)> K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH (uyp)> jy;`h(uyp)> kw;Wk; RigH(uyp) MfpNahHfsJ jiyikia Vw;Wf;

nfhz;lhHfs;. ,e;jf; fytuf;fhuHfspy; F]hM> ]hmj; gpd; gf;H> `{ijy;> [`pdh kw;Wk; K]pdh Mfpa

Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfs; Kd;dpiy tfpj;jhHfs;. NkYk; ,tHfs; g]uh kw;Wk; $/ghtpypUe;J cjtpiaAk; ngw;Wf;

nfhz;lhHfs;. ,e;j Kw;Wifapd; nghOJ mk;G nfhz;L cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfisf; fhag;gLj;jpdhHfs;.

,d;Dk; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfisg; ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nehf;fj;Jld;> fytuf; fhuHfisj; jLf;f

Kad;w rpy NjhoHfis mtHfs; nfhiyAk; nra;Jtpl;lhHfs;. fypgh cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; mtiur; Rw;wpYk;

Nehl;lkpl;l tifapy;> mtUf;F vjpuhf epfo;j;jg;gl;l nfhLikfis jl;bf; Nfl;gjw;F kjPdhtpypUe;J vtUk;

Kd; tutpy;iy.

fytuf;fhuHfs; tPl;bid cilj;Jf; nfhz;L cs;Ns te;jhHfs;. tPl;L thry; fjit mtHfs; jPapl;Lf;

nfhSj;jpdhHfs;> [d;dy; fjit cilj;jhHfs;> tPl;by; cs;s nghUl;fisr; #iuahbdhHfs;. K`k;kJ gpd;

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; jhbiag; gw;wp ,Oj;jhH. fytuf;fhuHfspy; xUtH cJkhd;

(uyp) mtHfspd; jiy kPJ Xq;fp mb nfhLj;jhH> mjd;gpd; cJkhd; (uyp) epidtw;w fPNo tpOe;jhHfs;.

fytuf;fhuHfs; mtuJ jiyiaf; nfha;J tplNt ehbdhHfs;. ehDk;> kfs; \pghTk; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd;

cly; kPJ tpOe;J Guz;Nlhk;> vq;fis mtHfs; mg;Gwg;gLj;jpaNjhly;yhky;> vq;fsJ eiffisAk; mgfhpj;Jf;

nfhz;lhHfs;.

,e;jf; fbjj;Jld;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; ,uj;jk; Njha;e;j MiliaAk; mDg;gp itj;Js;Nsd;.

jaTnra;J ,uj;jk; Njha;e;j mtuJ Miliag; ghHf;fTk;> mjpy; cs;s ,uj;jj; JspfSf;fhf

gopthq;fg;glhky; tpl;L tplg;glf; $lhJ.

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; Mj;kh kPJ my;yh`; fUiz Ghpthdhf! me;jf; nfhiyfhuHfs; kPJ my;yh`;tpd;

rhgk; cz;lhfl;Lkhf!

Page 159: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

ehd;fhk; fyP/gh

myp (uyp) tho;f;if tuyhW

Muk;g fhy tho;f;if

,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sjy;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) neUf;fk;

fye;J nfhz;l NghHfs;

fyP/ghthfj; NjHe;njLf;fg;gLjy;

Kjy; ciu

gpur;idfisr; re;jpj;jjy;

Ngr;RthHj;ij

Gjpa ftHdHfSf;F ,dpikahd tuNtw;G

myp (uyp) eltbf;if

xl;lfg; NghH

Map\h (uyp) g\uhitf; ifg;gw;Wjy;

myp (uyp) NjhoHfSk;

$/ghtpypUe;J te;j cjtp

Ngr;RthHj;ij Njhy;tp

filrpg; NghH

rpg;gPd; NghH

rkhjhdk;

xU khj fhyg; gilvLg;G

NghH

eLtH jPHg;G

myp (uyp) gilapy; gpsT

ghpR

fhhp[pa;ahf;fs;

myp (uyp) mjpfhuk; gwpNghFjy;

vfpg;J Njhy;tp

mikjpapd;ik - Fog;gk;

`p[h]; kw;Wk; vkd;

myp (uyp) kuzk;

ftiyNahL.. rpy thHj;ijfs;!

kw;w fyP/ghf;fspd; tho;f;if tuyhw;iw Muk;gpf;Fk; nghOJ ,y;yhj ftiy> myp (uyp) mtHfsJ tho;f;ifia

Muk;gpf;Fk; nghOJ> fz;zPH ePHg; G+f;fs; NfhHj;Jf; nfhz;ld. md;iwf;F Muk;gpj;j cs;tPl;Lg; gpur;id ,d;W

tiuf;Fk; jPHf;fg;glhkNyNa nrd;W nfhz;bUg;gij tuyhW neLfpYk; ehk; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;.

Page 160: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

NkYk;> ,d;iwf;F khHf;f mwpQHfs; Kjy; rhjhuz K];ypk; tiuf;Fk;> myP (uyp) tho;e;j fhyg; gFjpapy;

tho;e;jtHfspy; ahH kPJ jtW ,Uf;fpd;wJ> jtwpioj;jtHfs; ahH? vd;gjpy; Fog;gk; ePbj;Jf; nfhz;L jhd;

,Uf;fpd;wJ. vdNt> myp (uyp) mtHfspd; tho;f;if tuyhw;wpid cq;fSf;F ehk; toq;Fk; nghOJ> mjpy;

jtWfisf; fhz;gPHfs; vd;W nrhd;dhy; mJ ehk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;l nkhopahf;fj;jpidr; rhHe;J jhd;> ehk;

nkhopngaHj;J toq;Ffpd;NwhNk xopa ahH kPJk; jtW fz;L gpbf;Fk; Nehf;fj;Jld; ,e;j nkhopahf;fj;ijr;

nra;atpy;iy vd;gij kdjpy; nfhz;L> tpthjq;fSf;F top tFf;fhky; tuyhw;iw kl;Lk; ghHj;J> gbg;gpid

ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;gb Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;.

Muk;gfhy tho;f;if

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ J}Jj;Jtg; gzpia Kjd; Kjypy; jdJ ,uj;j nrhe;jq;fspy; ,Ue;J

Muk;gpj;j nghOJ> mtHfsJ FLk;gj;jtHfspy; mg;nghOJ myP (uyp) mtHfSf;F taJ gj;J jhd;

MfpapUe;jJ. mg;nghONj ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lNjhL> 'ehd; vg;nghOJk; cq;fSf;F kpf neUf;fkhfNt

,Ug;Ngd;" ah u#Yy;yh`;..! vd;W thf;FWjp mspj;jhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F 30 taJ ,sikikahdtH. ,tUila je;ij mG+jhypg;> jhahH /ghj;jpkh

MthHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; gpwg;gjw;F Kd;Ng je;ijahiu ,oe;jhHfs;. je;ij ,we;jjd; gpd;G ghl;lhH mg;Jy;

Kj;jypg; mtHfspd; mutizg;gpYk;> mLj;jjhf jhahH mkPdh mtHfSk; kuzkile;jjd; gpd;G> myP (uyp)

mtHfspd; je;ijahUk;> jdJ rpwpa je;ijAkhd mG+jhypg; mtHfspd; mutizg;gpYk; jhd; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs; tsHe;jhHfs;.

mG+jhypg; mtHfspd; FLk;gk; kpfg; nghpaJ. vd;whYk; mtHfsJ FLk;gk; trjpahdJ jhd;. myP (uyp) mtHfs;

gpwe;j nghOJ> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ey;y thypg; gUtj;jpy; ,Ue;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfSf;F kidtpAk;> Foe;ijfSk; ,Ue;jhHfs;. vdNt> mg;nghOJ ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; myP (uyp)

mtHfis jd;Dld; itj;Jg; guhkhpj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,e;j epiyapy;> myP (uyp) mtHfs; kpfTk;

cd;djkhd FLk;gg; guhkhpg;gpd; fPo;> ve;j tPLk; mspf;ftpayhj gz;Gg; ghriwapd; fPo; mtHfsJ ,sikf; fhy

tho;T Muk;gkhdJ.

jdJ ,sikf; fhyj;jpy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; %yk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l gapw;rpfs;> mtuJ ,Wjpf; fhyk;

tiuf;Fk; ePbj;jd. kpfTk; $Hikahd mwpTk;> njhiyNehf;Fr; rpe;jidiaAk;> rj;jpaj;ij tpUk;Gfpd;w

neQ;rj;ijAk; mit je;J nfhz;bUe;jd. midj;jpYk;> mtiu vjw;Fk; mQ;rhj khtPuuhfTk;> my;yh`;tpd;

ghijapy; jd;id mw;gzpf;ff; $batuhfTk; mtiu ghpzkpf;fr; nra;jJ. ,j;jifa mUk; ngUq;Fzq;fs;

,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; kpfTk; mhpjhff; fhzf; fpilf;Fk; tuyhw;Wg; nghf;fp\q;fshFk;.

2. ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sjy;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; gapw;rpg; ghriwapy; ,sikf; fhy tho;it Muk;gpj;j myP (uyp) mtHfSf;F

mg;nghOJ xd;gJ taNj MfpapUe;jJ. mg;nghOJ jhd; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ J}Jj;Jg; gzpia

Muk;gk; nra;jpUe;j fhy fl;lk;. xUehs; myP (uyp) mtHfs; tPl;by; ,Ue;j nghOJ> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfSk;> mtHfsJ JiztpahUk; jiuapy; jiyia itj;J> R[{J epiyapy; ,Ug;gijf; fhz;fpd;whHfs;.

mtHfs; mg;nghOJ my;yh`;itg; Gfo;e;j tz;zKk; ,Ue;jhHfs;. ,e;j mjpra epfo;r;rpia ,ik %lhky;

ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j myP (uyp) mtHfs;> ,JNghd;wnjhU epfo;it ehk; vq;Fk; vg;nghOJk; fz;ljpy;iyNa>

vd;w rpe;jidapy; Mo;e;jhH.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; njhOJ Kbj;j gpd;> mtHfis mZfpa myP (uyp) mtHfs;> rw;W Kd; ehd; ghHj;j

fhl;rpf;F vd;d mHj;jk; vd;W tpdtpdhHfs;.

ehq;fs;> ek;ikg; gilj;j ty;Nyhdhfpa> Vfdhfpa my;yh`;itj; njhOJ nfhz;bUe;Njhk; vd ,iwj;J}jH

Page 161: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

(]y;) mtHfs; gjpypWj;J tpl;L ...>

ehd; cq;fSf;F xU mwpTiu xd;iwf; $Wfpd;Nwd;. ePq;fs; vg;nghOJk; me;j yhj;> c];]h> my;yJ NtW

ve;j rpiyfSf;F rpu tzf;fk; nra;ahjPHfs;> rw;W ePq;fs; ghHj;jPHfNs..! mijg; Nghy cq;fisg; gilj;j

VfDf;F kl;Lk; rpu tzf;fk; nra;Aq;fs; vd;W $wpdhHfs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;.

ehd; ,JNghy vg;nghOJk; Nfs;tpg;gl;ljpy;iyNa>! ,J myP (uyp) mtHfs;. ehd; vdJ je;ijaplk; Kjypy;

,J gw;wpf; fye;J tpl;L te;J cq;fSf;Fg; gjpy; nrhy;fpd;Nwd; vd;W $wpdhHfs; myP (uyp) mtHfs;.

myPNa..! ePq;fs; ,q;F ghHj;jij ahhplKk; ,g;Nghijf;Ff; $w Ntz;lhk;. ePq;fshfNt rpe;jpAq;fs;> mjid

cq;fsJ kdjpNyNa itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs; vd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; mwpTiu $wpdhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; ,e;j mwpTiu mtUf;F ey;yjhfNt gl;lJ. vdNt> mJgw;wpr;

rpe;jpf;fyhdhHfs;. rpe;jidj; njspTf;Fg; gpd;dH> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSia fUj;jpid Vw;Wf;

nfhz;lhHfs;. mLj;j ehs; fhiy ,];yhj;jpidj; jdJ tho;tpay; newpahf Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

,isQHfspNyNa myP (uyp) mtHfs; jhd; Kjd; Kjypy; ,];yhj;;jpidj; jdJ tho;tpay; newpahf Vw;Wf;

nfhz;l tuyhw;Wg; ngUik nfhz;ltHfs;. ,e;j tajpy; ,t;tsT Rje;jpukhf rpe;jpj;J> xU nfhs;ifia

Vw;Wf; nfhs;tJ vd;gJ kpfTk; mhpjhdnjhd;W..! mjidf; fhl;bYk; jdJ fz; Kd; jdJ rKjhak; xU

ghijapy; Ngha;f; nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ> rj;jpaj;ijj; Njb jdJ rpe;jidf; fjTfisj; jpwe;J

itg;gnjd;gJ epidj;Jk; $l ghHf;ftpayhj taJ mJ..! MdhYk; rj;jpaj;ij mtHfs; vt;tsT

tpUk;gpdhHfs;> mjd; kPJ ve;jsT fhjy; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs; vd;gijj; jhd; mtHfsJ rpe;jidj; njspT

ekf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf mikfpd;wJ.

3. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSld; neUf;fk;

myP (uyp) mtHfs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; Neubf; fz;fhzpg;gpd; fPo; tsHe;jhHfs;. mjd; fhuzkhf

tho;f;if gw;wpAk;> ,d;Dk; ,iwek;gpf;if gw;wpAk; mjd; mbg;gilfs; gw;wpAk; kpfTk; Mokhd mwpitg;

ngw;whHfs;. vdNt> ,J gw;wp ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; $Wk; nghOJ :

''ehd; mwpTyfj;jpd; efuk; vd;why;> myP mjd; thryhthH"" vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kPJ myP (uyp) mtHfs; jPuhj md;G nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

`p[;uj; fpsk;gpa md;iwa ,utpy;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisf; nfhd;W tpLtjw;F ,uj;j jhfk; vLj;j

Fiw\pfs; mtHfsJ tPl;ilr; Rw;wpYk; jahuhff; fhj;jpUe;jhHfs;. tPl;ilr; Rw;wpYk; vq;Fk; ths;fs;

gsgsj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jd. fhiyapy; tPl;il tpl;L ntspNa tUk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis fz;l

Jz;lkhf ntl;bf; FjWtjw;fhf me;j kdpjf; fOFfs; fhj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jd.

mg;nghOJ> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) myP (uyp) mtHfisg; ghHj;J> ePq;fs; vdJ gLf;ifapy; gLj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

ehd; ahUf;Fk; njhpahky; tPl;il tpl;L ntspNawp> kjPdhtpw;F `p[;uj; nry;fpd;Nwd; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

kpfTk; ctifNahL myP (uyp) mtHfs; ve;j kWg;Gkpd;wp ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; gLf;ifapy; gLj;Jf;

nfhz;lhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis vjphpfspd; rjpj;jpl;lj;jpypUe;J fhj;J tpl;l epk;kjp. me;j

epk;kjpapNyNa md;iwa ,uit ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; gLf;ifapy; J}q;fpf; fopj;jhHfs;.

kWehs; fhiyapy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ gLf;ifapy; myP (uyp) mtHfisf; fz;l kf;fj;Jf; Fiw\pfs;

ehk; Vkhw;wg;gl;L tpl;NlhNk vd ifNrjg;gl;ldH> myP (uyp) jhd; jd;Dila capiug; gzakhf itj;J>

K`k;kijj; jg;gp Xl itj;J tpl;lhH vd;W cWkpf; nfhz;ldH. myP (uyp) mtHfs; ,it mj;jidAk; ve;j

rydKkpy;yhky; vjpHnfhz;lJld;> myP (uyp) mtHfis vJTk; nra;akhy;> me;j ,lj;ij tpl;Lk; mfd;wdH.

kf;fj;Jf; Fiw\pfs; jq;fsJ nghUl;fis ghJfhg;gpw;fhf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplNk nfhLj;J

itj;jpUe;jhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis mt;tsT mtHfs; vjpHj;j nghOJk;> jq;fsJ nghUl;fis

ghJfhg;gjw;F mtiu tpl;lhy; NtW ahH ,Uf;fpd;whHfs; vd;W epidj;J> mthplk; jhd; nfhLj;Jk;

itj;jpUe;jhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ `p[;uj;jpw;F Kd;ghfNt midj;Jg; nghUl;fisAk;

Page 162: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

chpatHfsplk; NrHg;gpj;J tpLk;gb> myP (uyp) mtHfsplk; nghWg;ig xg;gilj;J tpl;Lr; nrd;whHfs;. mjd; gpd;

myP (uyp) mtHfs; kf;fhtpy; %d;W ehs; jq;fp ,Ue;jhHfs;. kf;fspd; nghUl;fis chpatHfsplk; xg;gilj;J

tpl;L> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; NrHe;J nfhs;tjw;fhf kf;fhit tpl;L myP (uyp) mtHfSk; `p[;uj;

nra;J kjPdhtpw;Ff; fpsk;gpdhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F myP (uyp) mtHfs; kpfTk; neUq;fpa ,uj;j cwT Kiw cilatuhf

,Ug;gpDk;> ,d;Dk; mjpf neUf;fj;Jld; myP (uyp) mtHfisg; ghHf;f tpUk;gpa ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;>

jdJ filrp kfSk;> jdJ md;gpw;Fg; ghj;jpukhd kfs; /ghj;jpkh (uyp) mtHfis myP (uyp) mtHfSf;F

kzKbj;Jf; nfhLj;jhHfs;. myP (uyp) mtHfs; jdf;Ff; fpilj;j nfsutj;ij czHe;jtHfshf ele;J

nfhz;lhHfs;. ,d;Dk; /ghj;jpkh (uyp) mtHfs; capUld; ,Uf;Fk; tiuf;F mLj;j ngz;iz mtHfs;

kzf;ftpy;iy. myP (uyp) kw;Wk; /ghj;jpkh (uyp) jk;gjpapdUf;F `]d; kw;Wk; `{i]d; vd;w ,U kfd;fs;

gpwe;jdH. mtHfis jdJ nrhe;j kfidg; Nghy ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ghrkio nghope;jhHfs;.

`p[;hp 9 k; Mz;L> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; rphpahit Nehf;fpg; gilnaLg;G xd;iw elj;jpdhHfs;. mJ jG+f;

NghH vd;W tuyhw;wpy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; gilf;Fj; jiyik jhq;fpr;

nry;fpd;w fhuzj;jhy;> mtHfs; tUk; tiuf;Fk; kjPdhtpd; jiyikg; nghWg;ig Vw;W elj;JkhW myP (uyp)

mtHfisg; gzpj;jhHfs;. ,JNt> myP (uyp) tUj;jkilar; nra;jtw;fhd topia Nt\jhhpfs; cz;lhf;f

fhuzkhf mike;jJ.

myPiaj; jd;Dld; mioj;Jr; nry;tjw;F ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F tpUg;gkpy;iy vd;W me;j

Nt\jhhpfs; gpur;rhuk; nra;jhHfs;.

,e;jr; nra;jp ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ fhJfSf;Fr; nrd;w nghOJ> myP (uyp) mtHfis mioj;j

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;>

mypNa..! ''%]h (miy) mtHfSf;Fk; `h&d; (miy) mtHfSf;Fk; ,Ue;j cwT Kiw Nghy ekJ cwT

Kiw ,Uf;f Ntz;Lnkd;W ePq;fs; tpUk;gtpy;iyah?"" vd;W Nfl;lhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; ,e;j thHj;ij myP (uyp) mtHfis md;ghy; fl;bg; Nghl;lJ. Nt\jhhpfspd;

tp\ thHj;ijfSk; mlq;fpaJ.

`p[;hp 9 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; `[; eilngw;wJ. me;j Neuj;jpy;> ,izitg;ghsH f/ghtpy; Eioaf; $lhJ vd;W

,iwtd; fl;lis tpjpj;jhd;. ,e;jf; fl;lisia `[;[py; kf;fs; $Lfpd;w nghOJ jhd; mwptpf;f KbAk;.

md;iwa fhy tof;fg;gb> ,e;j mwptpg;ig ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNsh> my;yJ mtUf;F neUq;fpa

cwtpdHfNsh jhd; nra;a KbAk; vd;wpUe;j epiyapy;> ,e;jg; gzpf;F myP (uyp) mtHfis ,iwj;J}JH (]y;)

mtHfs; NjHT nra;jhHfs;. jdJ nrhe;j xl;lfkhd f];thit myP (uyp) mtHfsplk; nfhLj;J> my;yh`;tpd;

cj;juit mwptpf;fr; nrhd;dhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ ,Wjpf;fhyj;jpy; RftPdk; mile;j nghOJ> mtHfSf;F kpf mUfpNyNa

,Ue;jhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,wg;nga;jpa nghOJk; mq;Nf jhd; ,Ue;jhHfs;.

,iwtrdq;fis vOjf; $ba vOj;jhsuhfTk; myP (uyp) mtHfs; ,Ue;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfshy; mDg;gg;glf; $ba fbjq;fis vOjf; $ba vOj;juhfTk; myP (uyp) mtHfs; jpfo;e;jhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; jpUtjdq;fshy; nrhHf;fj;jpw;F ed;khuaq; $wg;gl;l 10 ed;kf;fspy; myP (uyp)

mtHfSk; xUtuhthH. ,tUf;F Kd; Ml;rp nrYj;jpa %d;W fyPghf;fSk; myP (uyp) mtHfsplk; epHthf

tp\aq;fspy; MNyhrid nra;af; $batHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;.

''myP (uyp) mtHfs; ek;kpilNa cs;s kpfr; rpwe;j ePjpgjp"" vd;W ckH (uyp) mtHfs; mbf;fb $wf;

$batHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;. xUKiw my;y gyKiw ckH (uyp) mtHfs; kjPdhit tpl;L ntspNa nry;y

NeHe;j nghOnjy;yhk;> myP (uyp) mtHfis jw;fhypf fyPghthf epakpj;J tpl;Lr; nry;yf; $batHfshf

,Ue;jhHfs;. Vnddpy;> nfhLf;fg;gl;l nghWg;ig jpwk;glr; nra;af; $batH vd;W ckH (uyp) mtHfs; fUjpaNj

fhuzkhFk;. ckH (uyp) mtHfs; jdf;Fg; gpd; myP (uyp) mtHfisf; fyPghthf epakdk; nra;J tpl;Lg;

Nghfhjjd; fhuzk; vd;dntdpy;> jdf;Fg; gpd; myP (uyp) mtHfisj; jhd; kf;fs; epr;rak; NjHe;njLg;ghHfs;

vd;W ek;gpaNj fhuzkhFk;.

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfsJ fhyj;jpy;> murpay; tptfhuq;fspy; rhpahd epHthf mikg;gpid cUthf;Ftjw;F myP

Page 163: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

(uyp) mtHfs; jdJ typikahd fUj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpdhHfs;. ,jw;F Kd;dpUe;j fyPghf;fSk; ,Nj

eilKiwiag; gpd;gw;wp> Ml;rp Kiwapy; jkJ NjhoHfshy; topelj;jpr; nry;yg;glf; $batHfshfj; jhd;

,Ue;jhHfs;.

fye;J nfhz;l NghHfs;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; fye;J nfhz;l NghHfspy;> jG+f; Nghiuj; jtpu kw;w midj;Jg; NghHfspYk; myP

(uyp) mtHfs; fye;J nfhz;lhHfs;.

gj;Ug; Nghhpy; myP (uyp) mtHfs; fye;J nfhz;L Nghhpl;l nghOJ> mtHfsJ ths; mw;Gjj;ijNa epfo;j;jpaJ

vdyhk;. Fiw\pj; jug;gpypUe;J khHjl;bf; nfhz;L fsj;jpy; ,wq;fpa %d;W vjphpfspy; ,Utiu myP (uyp)

mtHfs; xUtNu nfhd;W jiuapy; tPo;j;jpdhHfs;> myP (uyp) mtHfspd; ,e;j tPu tpisahl;ilg; ghHj;j

vjphpfspd; kdjpy; mg;nghONj Njhy;tp gak; ft;tpf; nfhz;lJ.

c`Jg; NghHf;fsj;jpy;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F kpf mUfpy; epd;W Nghhplf; $ba tha;g;ig; ngw;whHfs;.

tpy; tpj;ij tPuHfs; nra;j jtwpd; fhuzkhf me;jg; Nghhpy; K];ypk;fSf;F kpfg; nghpa caphpog;Gf;fs; Vw;gl;ld.

K];ypk; tPuHfspd; mzpfs; $l gaj;jpd; fhuzkhf> fiye;jd. Vd;> fsj;ij tpl;Nl Xl;lnkLj;jdH. ,d;Dk;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; nfhy;yg;gl;L tpl;ljhff; $l tje;jpfs; gug;gg;gl;ld. ,j;jifa Fog;gkhd me;j

Neuj;jpy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSld; epiyFiyahky; epd;W nfhz;bUe;j xU rpy egpj;NjhoHfspy; myP

(uyp) mtHfSk; xUtuhthHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; kPJ tpOe;j gyj;j mbapd; fhuzkhf mtHfsJ

Kfj;jpy; fLikahd fhak; Vw;gl;lJ. jiyf;ftrj;jpd; ,Uk;Gg; gfhk; xd;W mz;zyhH (]y;) mtHfspd;

Kfj;jpy; CLWtp ,Ue;jJ. mjid mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSk;> jy;`h (uyp) mtHfSk; gpLq;fp vLj;J>

Ntjidiaf; Fiwj;jdH. me;jf; fhaj;jpw;F myP (uyp) mtHfSk;> ghj;jpkh (uyp) mtHfSNk rpfpr;ir

mspj;jhHfs;. ,e;jg; Nghhpy; myP (uyp) mtHfSf;Ff; $l 17 ,lq;fspy; fhak; Vw;gl;bUe;jJ.

`p[;hp 5k; Mz;by;> ,];yhj;jpd; midj;J vjphpfSk; K];ypk;fSf;F vjpuhf xd;W jpuz;ldH. kjPdhit Nehf;fp

kpfg; ngUk; gilAld; fpsk;gpdH. kjPdhitf; fhf;Fk; nghUl;L kjPdhitr; Rw;wpYk; mfo; xd;iw ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfSk; mtHfsJ NjhoHfSk; Njhz;bdhHfs;. xUehs; vjphpfspd; jug;gpypUe;J> mNugpahtpd; kpfg;

gpurpj;jp ngw;w tPudhd mg;J vd;gtd;> me;j mfopia Fjpiuapy; ,Ue;jthNw jhz;b tpl;lhd;. mtid vjpHj;J

epw;gjw;F midtUk; gae;jdH> mtdUNf nry;tjw;Ff; $l K];ypk;fs; gae;J nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ> mtid

vjpHj;Jg; NghH Ghptjw;F myP (uyp) mtHfs; Kd; te;jhHfs;.

myP mtHfNs..! ftdk; Njit. mtd; mg;J}j;..! ,J ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; vr;rhpf;ifahf ,Ue;jJ.

ey;yJ> mtidg; gw;wp ehd; mwpNtd;> ,J myP (uyp) mtHfsJ gjpyhf ,Ue;jJ.

rw;Wr; rpy epkplq;fspy; myP (uyp) mtHfs;> me;j vjphpapDila fOj;ij mtdJ clypypUe;J Jz;bj;jhHfs;.

mtd; rha;e;j gid kuk; Nghy tpOe;jhd;.

,d;Dk; kjPdhitr; Rw;wpYk; tho;e;j gD} Fiush vd;w A+jf; Fyj;jtHfs; ,];yhj;jpw;F vjpuhfj; njhlHe;J

nray;gl;L te;j fhuzj;jhYk;> ,];yhj;jpd; vjphpfSf;F cjtpf;fuk; ePl;b te;jjhYk;> mtHfs; kPJ eltbf;if

vLf;fhjgl;rj;jpy; K];ypk;fspd; epiy ,d;Dk; Nkhrkhf khwp tpLk; vd;w epiyapy;> mtHfNs jq;fsJ jiyapy;

kz;iz ms;spg; Nghl;Lf; nfhs;Sk; epiy cUthfpaJ. ,Wjpahf> mtHfs; kPJ fLikahd eltbf;if vLg;gJ

vd ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; KbntLj;jhHfs;. A+jHfsJ tYthd Nfhl;ilfis Kw;Wifapl;lhHfs;>

mtHfis mq;fpUe;J ntspNaw;wpdhHfs;> ,d;Dk; mtHfsJ Nfhl;ilfspNyNa md;iwa njhOifia

elj;jpdhHfs;.

,d;Dk; ifgH vd;w ,lj;jpy; A+jHfsJ tYthd Nfhl;ilfs; njhlHr;rpahf ,Ue;jd. ,e;jf; Nfhl;ilfs;

,Ue;J tUtJ vd;iwf;Fk; K];ypk;fSf;F Mgj;Jf;fis tpistpf;ff; $bajhf ,Ue;jJ. K];ypk;fis

mr;RWj;Jk; tpjj;jpy; mike;Js;s me;jf; Nfhl;ilfis vjpHj;J ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ gilfis

mDg;g KbT nra;jhHfs;. K];ypk;fis vjpHj;J> fLikahd jilfis Vw;gLj;jp itj;jpUe;jhHfs; A+jHfs;.

,Ug;gpDk;>mtHfsJ Nfhl;ilfs; xd;wd; gpd; xd;whf K];ypk;fspd; trk; tPo;e;J nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,Ug;gpDk;>

'Fkh];" vd;w Nfhl;ilia kl;Lk; K];ypk;fshy; xd;Wk; nra;a ,ayhky; ,Ue;jJ. me;jf; Nfhl;ilapd;

jsgjpahf ,Ue;j kH`g; vd;gtdpd; fLikahd vjpHg;gpd; fhuzkhf K];ypk;fshy; me;jf; Nfhl;ilia xd;Wk;

nra;a ,ayhky; ,Ue;jJ. ,e;j epiyapy;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mthfs; $wpdhHfs;> ''ehisf;F ehd;

Page 164: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

my;yh`;itAk;> mtdJ J}jiuAk; kpfTk; Nerpf;ff; $ba GjpanjhU jsgjpia epakpf;fg; Nghfpd;Nwd;.

my;yh`; mtUf;F ntw;wpia mUSthd;"" vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

ahH me;j mjpH\;lrhyp vd;W midtUk; vjpHghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;ifapy;> kWehs; fhiyAk; GyHe;jJ. mLj;j

ehs; fhiyapy;> kf;fs; midtUk; vjpHghHj;j me;j tPuiu kf;fSf;F mwpKfk; nra;jhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs; md;iwa Nghhpd; jiyikg; nghWg;ig ''myP (uyp) mtHfsplk; toq;fpdhHfs;. md;iwa jpdk; ele;j

Nghhpy; kH`g; k; mtdJ rNfhjuDk; nfhy;yg;gl;lhHfs;> Nfhl;il K];ypk;fspd; trk; tPo;e;jJ. ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfspd; Kd;dwptpg;Gk; epiwNtwpaJ. vy;yhg; GfOk; my;yh`;Tf;Nf..!

`{ijgpa;ah vd;w tuyhw;Wr; rpwg;Gkpf;f cld;gbf;ifia kf;fj;Jf; Fiw\pfSld; K];ypk;fs; Kjd; Kjy;

Vw;gLj;jpd; nfhz;l NghJ> mjd; vOj;juhf myP (uyp) mtHfs; ,Ue;jhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;>

me;j cld;gbf;ifapd; thrfq;fisf; $wf; $w> myP (uyp) mtHfs; vOjpf; nfhz;L te;jhHfs;. Fiw\pfspd;

J}jHfs; me;j cld;gbf;ifapd; vOjg;gl;l thrfkhd> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; ngaUf;F Kd;dhy;>

my;yh`tpd; J}jH vd;W vOjg;gl;ljw;F Ml;Nrgk; njhptpj;jdH. mjw;Fg; gjpyhf K`k;kJ gpd; mg;Jy;yh`;

vd;W vOJk;gb tw;GWj;jpdH. mt;thW khw;wp vOJtjw;F ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

,Ug;gpDk; vOjg;gl;l me;j> ''my;yh`;tpd; J}jH"" vd;w thHj;ijia jdJ fuq;fshy; mopg;gjw;F myP (uyp)

kWj;J tpl;lhHfs;. mjd; gpd; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNs.. jdJ fuq;fshy; me;j thHj;ijia mopj;jhHfs;.

kf;fhtpd; ntw;wpapd; nghOJ> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kf;fhtpDs; EioAk; nghOJ K];ypk;fspd; nfhbia

myP (uyp) mtHfspd; fuq;fspy; jhd; nfhLj;jhHfs;.

c`Jg; NghhpYk;> `{idd; NghhpYk; K];ypk;fspd; jug;gpy; rpy rydq;fs; Vw;gl;l nghOJ> me;j

rydq;fSf;F ,lk; nfhlhky;> Jzpe;j epd;W NghH nra;j xU rpy ngUkf;fspy; myP (uyp) mtHfSk;

xUtuhthH.

fyP/ghthfj; NjHe;njLf;fg;gLjy;

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; ,we;j gpwF> fyPghthf ahiuAk; NjHe;njLf;fg;glhkNyNa %d;W ehl;fs; fope;jd.

,g;nghOJ kjPdh KOtJk; fytuf;fhuHfspd; Mf;fpukpg;gpy; ,Ue;jJ. fh/g;fp vd;w vfpg;jpidr; NrHe;j ,tH

jhd; fytuj;ij Kd;dpd;W elj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;jhH> ,g;nghOJ ,tNu jiyik jhq;fp ,khkhf epd;W nfhz;L

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; gs;spapy; njhOif elj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;jhH. ,e;j nfh^ukhd kdpj ,dg;

gLnfhiyahdJ kjPdhtpy; ele;J nfhz;bUe;j ,e;j fhyfl;lj;jpy; kpfg; gpugykhd egpj;NjhoHfs; kjPdhit

tpl;Lk; ntspNawpr; nrd;W tpl;lhHfs;. kjPdhit tpl;Lk; ntspr; nry;yhky; jq;fp ,Ue;jtHfNsh> ve;jtpj

cjtpAkpd;wp> ,jidj; jLj;j epWj;j rf;jpaw;wtHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk;> ,tHfs; jq;fs; tPLfSf;Fs;

,Ue;J nfhz;L> fytuf;fhuHfs; jhq;fs; epidj;jij rhjpj;J Kbj;Jf; nfhs;sl;Lk; vd;W tpl;L tpl;L>

mikjp fhj;jhHfs;.

,e;j fytuf;fhuHfs; jhd; myP (uyp) mtHfspd; ngaiu fyPgh gjtpf;F Kd;nkhope;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; mtiuNa

fyPghthf gjtpNaw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;gb Ntz;b epd;whHfs;. myp (uyp) mtHfNsh Kjypy; mtHfsJ ,e;jf;

Nfhhpf;ifia kWj;jhHfs;. Mdhy;> ,e;jf; fytur; #oiy ahuhtJ xUtH Kd;dpd;W mikjpf;Ff; nfhz;L tu

Ntz;ba mtrpaKk; mq;F epytpaJ. jiyefuj;jpy; ,g;nghOJ ele;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;w mj;jidAk;

,];yhj;jpw;F KuzhfNt ele;J nfhz;bUe;jd. ,g;nghOJ myp (uyp) mtHfs;> kjPdhtpy; vQ;rpapUe;j

egpj;NjhoHfis mioj;J fye;jhNyhrid elj;j Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

myP (uyp) mtHfNs..!

fytur; #oy; gw;wp ePq;fs; ed;F mwptPHfs;> ,jid xU KbTf;Ff; nfhz;L tu VNjDk; nra;Aq;fs;>

kf;fSf;F mikjp Njitahf ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;W egpj;NjhoHfs; $wpdhHfs;.

vdNt> epiyikapd; ghuJ}uj;ij vil Nghl;Lg; ghHj;j myP (uyp) mtHfs;> K];ypk;fspilNa Vw;gl;L tpl;l

,e;j tptfhuj;jpw;F xU Kw;Wg;Gs;sp itj;jhf Ntz;Lk; vd;w KbTf;F te;jtuhf> fyPgh gjtpiaj; jhd; Vw;Wf;

nfhs;tjhf mwptpj;jhHfs;.

Page 165: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,g;nghOJ kjPdhtpy; trpj;j midtUk;> myP (uyp) mtHfsplk; te;J jq;fsJ igmj; vd;w thf;FWjpia

mspj;jhHfs;. khypf; c];jH vd;gtH jhd; ,e;j thf;FWjp epfo;r;rpia Muk;gpj;J itj;jhHfs;.

jy;`h (uyp) kw;Wk; [{igH (uyp) Mfpa ,UtUk;> mg;nghOJ kjPdhtpy; ,Ue;j Kf;fpakhd

egpj;NjhoHfshthHfs;. jdf;Fg; gpd; fyPghthf ahiuj; NjHe;njLg;gJ vd;W ckH (uyp) mtHfshy;

epakpf;fg;gl;l FOtpy; ,e;j ,UtUk; ,Ue;jdH vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. vdNt> ,e;j ,UtUila

rk;kjj;ijAk;> ,d;Dk; ,e;j ,Uthpy; ahUf;fhtJ fyPghthf Mf tpUk;gk; ,Uf;Fk;gl;rj;jpy; mjidAk; Kaw;rp

nra;J ghHj;JtpLtJ vd;w Nehf;fj;jpy; ,UtiuAk; mioj;J tu Ms; mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;.

,d;Dk; ,tHfspy; vtnuhUtuhtJ fyP/ghthf Mf tpUk;gpdhH vdpy;> mthplk; ehd; vdJ thf;FWjpia

mspf;fj; jauhf ,Uf;fpd;Nwd; vd;Wk; myP (uyp) mtHfs; njhptpj;jhHfs;.

Mdhy; ,e;j ,UtUk;> ,e;j kpfr; Rikahd nghWg;ig Vw;gjpypUe;Jk; tpyfpf; nfhz;ldH. mg;gbahdhy;>

vd;dplk; thf;FWjp mspAq;fs; - igmj; nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs; vd;W Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhH> myP (uyp) mtHfs;.

rk;kjkpd;ik fhuzkhf [{igH (uyp) mtHfs; nksdkhf ,Ue;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ> mq;fpUe;j khypf; c];jH>

$wpdhH :

[{igNu..! myP (uyp) mtHfsplk; igmj; nra;fpd;wPHfsh? vdj; jdJ this cUtpathNw..> ,y;iy

cq;fsJ jiyiaj; Jz;lhll;Lkh? vdf; Nfl;lhH.

gpd;> [{igH (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ thf;FWjpia mspj;jhH.

mLj;jJ> rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfsJ Kiw> mtUk; miof;fg;gl;lhH> ckH (uyp) mtHfshy;

epakpf;fg;gl;l mWthpy; ,tUk; xUtH.

vd;idg; gw;wpg; gag;gl Ntz;lhk;> ,j;jid egHfSk; cq;fSf;F thf;FWjp mspj;jpUf;Fk; nghOJ> ehd;

kWf;f khl;Nld;> ehDk; cq;fSf;F thf;FWjp mspf;fpd;Nwd; vd;whH.

mLj;jJ> mg;Jy;yh ,g;D ckH (uyp) mtHfsJ Kiw. mtUk; rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfspd;

gjpiyNa $wp> thf;FWjp mspj;jhH.

ahuhtJ xUtH cq;fSf;fhf gpizahshf te;J thf;FWjp mspf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;whH myP (uyp).

vdf;fhf ahiuAk; gpizahshfj; ju Ntz;bajpy;iy. gjpy; te;jJ.

khypf; c];jH vOe;jhH. mtiu vd;dplk; tpLq;fs;> jiyiaf; nfha;J tpLfpd;Nwd;.

Ntz;lhk;> Ntz;lhk;..! vd;W $wpa myP (uyp) mtHfs;> mtUf;F ehNd gpizahshf ,Ue;J nfhs;fpd;Nwd;

vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

,d;Dk; Kd;dzp egpj;NjhoHfs; gyH myP (uyp) mtHfSf;F thf;FWjp toq;ftpy;iy. cika;ah FLk;gj;ijr;

NrHe;jtHfs; rphpahit Nehf;fpr; nrd;W tpl;lhHfs;. ,uj;jk; Njha;e;j cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; Milfisj;

jq;fSlNdNa vLj;Jr; nrd;W tpl;ljy;yhky;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; kidtpahfpa ieyh (uyp) mtHfspd;

Jz;bf;fg;gl;l tpuy;fisAk; vLj;Jr; nrd;W tpl;lhHfs;.

Kjy; ciu

myP (uyp) mtHfs; fyPghthfg; gjtpNaw;w gpd;G Kjd;Kjyhf ciu epfo;j;j Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. mtHfsJ ciu

njspthfTk;> fLikahfTk; ,Ue;jJ.

f/ghTk;> mjidr; Rw;wpAs;s gFjpfSk; Gdpjkhdit. K];ypk;fs; midtUk; rNfhjuHfshf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;

vd;W my;yh`; fl;lisapl;Ls;shd;. xU K];ypk; ,d;ndhU kdpjiuj; jdJ ehtpdhNyh my;yJ

nray;fspdhNyh Jd;gk; tpistpf;f khl;lhH. cq;fsJ nray;ghLfspy; my;yh`;itg; gae;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.

ePq;fs; nra;J nfhz;bUe;jitfs; gw;wp> capH nfhLj;J vOg;gg;glf; $ba me;j kWik ehspy; gjpy; nrhy;yf;

flikg;gl;bUf;fpd;wPHfs;> kdpjHfsplk; kl;Lky;y tpyq;fpdq;fsplk; $l cq;fsJ nray;ghLfisg; Ngzpf;

nfhs;Sq;fs;. my;yh`;Tf;Ff; fl;Lg;gLq;fs;. mtdJ fl;lisfisg; Gwf;fzpj;J tplhjPHfs;. ed;ikiar;

nra;Aq;fs;> jPikfspy; ,Ue;J tpyfpapUq;fs;.

jhd; nry;yf; $ba ghij kpfTk; fbdkhdJ vd;gij myP (uyp) mtHfs; ed;fwpe;jtHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;.

rl;lk; xOq;F Ngzg;glhj me;j Neuj;jpy;> mjid kPl;Lf; nfhz;L tu Ntz;bajpUe;jJ. ,d;Dk; mjw;fhfj;

Page 166: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

njhlHe;J ,iltplhJ ghLgl Ntz;b ,Ue;jJ> mjw;fhfg; nghWikAld; gzpahw;w Ntz;b ,Ue;jJ. myP

(uyp) mtHfs;> ,e;j tp\aj;jpy; kf;fs; jdf;F cjTthHfs; vd;w ek;gpf;if nfhz;bUe;jhH.

gpur;idfisr; re;jpj;jy;

myP (uyp) mtHfsJ Kjy; ciu Kbe;jTld;> egpj;NjhoHfspy; rpyH myP (uyp)> [{igH (uyp) kw;Wk; jy;`h

(uyp) MfpNahiur; re;jpj;jhHfs;.

ePq;fs; ,g;nghOJ fyPghthfg; gjtp Vw;wpUf;fpd;wPHfs; vd;W te;jtHfspy; xUtH $wp tpl;L> ePq;fs; nra;a

Ntz;ba Kjy; gzp> ,];yhkpa \hPM it epiyehl;l Ntz;Lk; vd;whH. ,d;Dk; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfisg;

gLnfhiy nra;jtHfisj; jz;bf;f Ntz;Lk;. ePq;fs; ,jpy; jtW nra;a khl;BHfs; vd;gjhy; jhd; ehq;fs;>

cq;fSf;F vq;fsJ thf;FWjpiaj; je;Njhk; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfisg; gLnfhiy nra;jtHfisj; jz;bf;fhky; ehd; tpl;L tplg; Nghtjpy;iy. Mdhy;

mjw;F rw;W fhy mtfhrk; Njit> rw;Wg; nghWj;jpUq;fs; vd;W Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhH myP (uyp) mtHfs;.

kjPdhtpd; epyik ,d;Dk; rPuhftpy;iy. fytuf;fhuHfs; ,d;Dk; gyj;Jld; kjPdhtpy; cyh te;J

nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs;. ehk; $l mtHfsJ mr;RWj;jy;fspd; fPo; jhd; ,Ue;J tUfpd;Nwhk; vd;W $wpdhH.

,d;Dk; nrhy;yg; Nghdhy;> vd;Dila epyikNa Ml;lk; fz;L nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. vdNt> jaT nra;J

nghWikNahbUq;fs;. #o;epiyfs; ekf;F rhjfkhdJld;> epr;rakhf> Fw;wthspfis ehd; jz;bg;Ngd;> mJ

vd;Dila flikAk; $l vd;W $wpdhH> myP (uyp) mtHfs;.

myP (uyp) mtHfspd; gjpy; te;jpUe;NjhUf;F jpUg;jpia Vw;gLj;jtpy;iy. mtHfspy; rpyH> myP (uyp) mtHfs;>

gpur;idapy; ,Ue;J xJq;f epidf;fpd;whH vd;Nw fUjpdhHfs;.

myP (uyp) mtHfNs ePq;fs; tpguk; njhpahky; Ngrpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wPHfs;>

kf;fs; rl;lj;ijj; jq;fs; iffspy; vLj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs;. ,g;nghOJ> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfisg;

gLnfhiy nra;jtHfis ePq;fs; jz;bf;ftpy;iy vd;W nrhd;dhy;> kf;fNs rl;lj;ijj; jq;fs; iffspy;

vLj;Jf; nfhz;L> nray;gl Muk;gpj;J tpLthHfs;> vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ> vd;d elf;Fk; vd;gij fytuf;fhuHfSf;F czHj;j Ntz;Lk;. fytuj;ij epWj;jtpy;iy vdpy;>

myP (uyp) mtHfs; epr;rak; ek;ikj; jz;bg;ghH vd;gij mtHfs; czu Ntz;Lk;. kjPdhtpy; epue;jukhff;

Fog;gk; ,Ue;J nfhz;Nl ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Nw tpUk;Gfpd;whHfs;. ,jw;fhfNt xU FOtpdH kw;w FOtpdhplk;

,zf;fkhfp tplhky;> Fog;gj;ij Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;Nl tUfpd;whHfs;. ,d;Dk; xt;nthU ,lj;jpYk; Fog;gj;ij

Vw;gLj;jp tUfpd;whHfs;. mtHfsJ KOikahd Nehf;fk; vd;dntdpy;> kjPdhtpy; cs;s jiytHfSf;fpilNa

fUj;J NtWghLfis cUthf;fp> mjd; %yk; Fog;gj;ij ePbf;fr; nra;J> jhq;fs; jz;lidapypUe;J jg;gpj;J

tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;gNjahFk;. ,jd; %yk; jq;fSf;F ghJfhg;ghd vjpHfhyj;ij cUthf;fpf; nfhs;s

epidf;fpd;whHfs;.

myP (uyp) mtHfs; nghWg;ig Vw;Wf; nfhz;l gpd;G> jhd; ,d;Dk; kpf Nkhrkhf ghijiaf; flf;f

Ntz;bajpUf;fpd;wJ vd;gij czu Muk;gpj;jhH.

jd;id fytuf;fhuHfs; Vd; NjHe;njLf;f Kd; te;jhHfs; vd;gJk;> ,d;Dk; mjw;fhf mtHfs; ifahz;l

KiwiaAk; myP (uyp) mtHfs; xg;Gf; nfhs;stpy;iy. ,d;Dk; mtHfisj; jz;bj;Nj Mf Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpYk;

myP (uyp) mtHfs; cWjpahf ,Ue;jhHfs;. mjw;fhf xl;L nkhj;j egpj;NjhoHfs; kw;Wk; midj;J mjpfhu

kl;lj;jpd; MjuTk; jdf;Fj; Njit vd;gijAk; myP (uyp) mtHfs; tpUk;gpdhHfs;. Mdhy;> mtH tpUk;gpathW

mtUf;F KOikahd MjuT fpilf;ftpy;iy. vdNt> nghWj;jpUe;J epiyikiaf; fz;fhzpf;f Ntz;ba

mtrpak; myP (uyp) mtHfSf;F cUthdJ.

Mdhy;> egpj;NjhoHfNsh..! cldb eltbf;ifia tpUk;gpdhHfs;. mGgf;fH (uyp) kw;Wk; ckH (uyp) mtHfspd;

fhyj;jpy; vLf;fg;gl;lJ Nghd;wnjhU eltbf;if mtrpak; vd;W tpUk;gpdhHfs;. Mdhy;> mg;NghjpUe;j

#o;epiyf;Fk;> ,g;nghOJ cs;s #o;epiyf;Fk; cs;s NtWghl;ilg; gphpj;jwpaj; jtwp tpl;lhHfs;.

,J jhd; egpj;NjhoHfSf;Fk; myP (uyp) mtHfSf;FkpilNa fUj;JNtWghl;il cUthf;fpaJ. jtW

nra;jtHfs; cldbahfj; jz;bf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj Kd;dzp egpj;NjhoHfspd; tpUg;gkhf ,Ue;jJ> mjw;F

myP (uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;lk; fz;L nfhz;bUe;j jiyikg; gjtp ,lk; nfhLf;f kWj;jJ. vdNt> ,e;jg;

Page 167: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

gpur;idapy; rhpahd KbntLf;fj; jpzwp epd;w myP (uyp) mtHfs;> egpj;NjhoHfSf;F rhpahd gjpiy toq;f

,aytpy;iy.

Ngr;RthHj;ij Kaw;rpfs;

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSf;F Vw;gl;l gpur;idfs; ahTk;> mtiur; Rw;wp ,Ue;j mtuJ cwtpdHfspdhy;

tpise;jitfs; jhd; vd;gjpy; myP (uyp) mtHfs; kpfTk; cWjpahd fUj;ijf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. cJkhd;

(uyp) mtHfisr; Rw;wp Ml;rpg; nghWg;gpy; ,Ue;j cikahf;fspd; thhpRfs; jhd; midj;Jg; gpur;idfSf;Fk;

jiyaha fhuzkhf ,Ue;jhHfs;. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; ew;ngaiu mtHfs;> jq;fsJ rhjfkhfg;

gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhHfs;. mtiu xU fUtpahfg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L> Ml;rpg; nghWg;Gfspy; CLWtpf;

nfhz;ldH> Ml;rpg; nghWg;gpy; ,Ue;J nfhz;L mjid jtwhd Kiwapy; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;ldH. ,j;jifa

Raeyf; fhuHfs; jhd;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfsJ ew;ngUf;Ff; fsq;fs; tpistpj;jdH. cJkhd; (uyp)

mtHfspd; fhyj;jpy; Vw;gl;l gpur;idfs;> mtuJ kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpd; tpise;j mikjpaw;w epiy> Mfpa

midj;jpd; %y NtHfSk; NkNy cs;s Raeyf;fhuHfspd;> Raeyj;jpypUe;J jhd; Muk;gkhfpd;wd. vdNt>

mtHfis Ml;rp kw;Wk; mjpfhug; nghWg;gpy; ,Ue;J mfw;WtJ tiu> ,dp kjPdhtpy; epk;kjp jpUk;gg;

Nghtjpy;iy. vdNt> gpur;idapd; %y NtHfisf; fise;jhnyhopa ,e;jg; gpur;idf;fhd rhpahd jPHit vl;l

KbahJ vd;gjpy; cWjpahf ,Ue;j myP (uyp) mtHfs;> ,g;nghOJ mjd; Mzp NtHfisf; fistjw;Fz;lhd

Kaw;rpapy; ,wq;fpdhHfs;.

vdNt> myP (uyp) mtHfs; Ml;rpg; nghWg;gpy; mkHe;jTld; Kjy; gzpahf> midj;J gpuhe;jpaf; ftHdHfisAk;

Ml;rpg; nghWg;gpy; ,Ue;J ePf;fk; nra;jhHfs;. ,e;j epiyapy;> myP (uyp) mtHfsJ kpfTk; tpUg;Gf;Fhpa

neUf;fkhd ez;gHfshd ,g;D mg;gh]; kw;Wk; KfPuh gpd; \g;gh (uyp) Nghd;wtHfs;> ,j;jifa

eltbf;iffis rw;Wg; gpw;NghLkhWk;> ,d;Dk; ,jw;F vjpuhfTk; fUj;Jj; njhptpf;fyhdhHfs;.

Kjypy;> midj;Jf; ftHdHfsplKk; ''cq;fsplk; tpRthrg; gpukhzk; vLj;Jf; nfhs;SkhW Kjypy; Ntz;bf;

nfhs;Sq;fs;"" vd;W mtHfs; mwpTiu $wyhdhHfs;. ePq;fs; Ml;rpf; fl;bypy; cWjpahf> ];jpuj; jd;ikAld;

mkHe;J nfhz;l gpwF> ePq;fs; tpUk;gpa eltbf;ifia Nkw;nfhs;Sq;fs; vd;W mtHfs; mwpTiu $wyhdhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ> cWjpg; gpukhzk; vLj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F Kd; ePq;fs; mtHfis gjtpapy; ,Ue;J mfw;wpdPHfs; vd;W

nrhd;dhy;> mtHfs; cq;fSf;F vjpuhff; $l jpUk;gf; $Lk;> ,d;Dk; cq;fis xU fyP/ghthff; $l

mtHfs; mq;fPfhpf;f kWf;ff; $Lk;. ,e;j epiyapy;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfsJ gLnfhiy $l kpfr; rpwpa

gpur;idahfp tplyhk;> ,d;Dk; ,jd; gpd;dzpapy;> cq;fSf;F vjpuhff; $l mtHfs; MAjq;fisf; $l J}f;Fk;

epiy te;Jk; tplyhk; vd;Wk; $wydhHfs;.

Mdhy; myP (uyp) mtHfs; ,e;j mwpTiufis ahTk; nrtp kLf;ftpy;iy> jdJ epiyapy; cWjpahf

,Ue;jNjhL> eltbf;ifapy; ,wq;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,e;j epiyapy;> KfPuh gpd; Rg;gh (uyp) mtHfs;> kpfTk;

rpf;fyhd epiyapy; jhd; ,Ug;gjhfTk; czu Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. myP (uyp) mtHfspd; eltbf;ifapy;

mjpUg;jpAw;wtHfshdhHfs;.

fyPgh mtHfNs..!

cq;fsJ ,e;j tpghPjkhd eltbf;iffs; vd;idAk;> vd; Nghd;wtHfisAk; rpf;fypy; khl;b itj;J tpLk;

vd;Wk; vr;rhpj;jhHfs;.

gpd; mtH> kjPdhit tpl;Lk; ntspNawp kf;fhtpy; te;J FbNawyhdhHfs;.

Gjpa ftHfdHfSf;F ,dpikahd tuNtw;G ?

,g;nghOJ myP (uyp) mtHfshy; epakpf;fg;gl;l midj;Jg; Gjpa ftHdHfSk; jq;fSf;fg; gzpf;fg;gl;l

gpuhe;jpaq;fSf;Fr; nrd;W> gzpapy; mku Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. Mdhy;> mtHfs; gzpapy; mkHe;jhHfNsh ,y;iyNah>

mtHfsJ gazq;fs; $l mikjpaw;wjhfTk; kpfTk; rpuukhfTNk mike;jJ.

vfpg;J NjrkhdJ myP (uyp) mtHfspd; MjuthsHfis mjpfk; nfhz;l G+kpahf ,Ue;jJ. ,Ug;gpDk; Gjpa

ftHdH jdJ nghWg;ig Vw;fr; nry;Yk; fhyj;jpy;> epiyik Kw;wpYk; khwp tpl;bUe;jJ. rpyH Gjpa ftHdiu

Page 168: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

mq;fPfhpj;J Vw;Wf; nfhz;l NghjpYk;> kpfTk; cWjpahd kf;fs; $l;lk; xd;W> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd;

gLnfhiyf;F cldbj; jPHT xd;iw vLf;f Ntz;Lk;> nfhiyfhuHfSf;Fj; jz;lid toq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk;>

mjw;fhd cldb eltbf;ifia mtHfs; typAWj;jp MHg;ghl;lk; nra;ayhdhHfs;. ,t;thwhd cWjpahd

eltbf;ifia myP (uyp) mtHfs; vLf;ftpy;iy vd;W nrhd;dhy;> Gjpa ftHdUf;Fk; mtuJ muRf;Fk;

vq;fSf;Fk; ve;j rk;ge;jKk; ,y;iy vd;W mtHfs; $w Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,e;j KiwaPl;Lf;F vjpHg;Gfs;

,y;yhkypy;iy> ,d;DnkhU $l;lj;jhH cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfisf; nfhiy nra;jtHfs; kPJ ve;j

eltbf;ifAk; vLf;ff; $lhJ vd;W typAWj;j Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

,Nj Nghd;w gpur;idia> g]uhtpd; Gjpa ftHdUk; vjpH nfhz;lhH. xU $l;lj;jhH MHg;ghl;lf; fhuHfSf;F

MjuthfTk;> ,d;ndhU $l;lj;jhH ,tHfSf;F vjpuhfTk; epd;whHfs;.

$gh ftHfH ,d;Dk; jdJ ,Ug;gplj;jpw;Fr; nry;ytpy;iy> nry;Yk; topapy; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ> xU

kpfg; ngUk; MHg;ghl;lf;fhuHfis vjpHnfhz;lhH. me;j MHg;ghl;lf;fhuHfs; $ghtpd; ftHdiug; ghHj;J>

'ePq;fs; ,q;fpUe;J jpUk;gpr; nrd;W tpLq;fs;"> mG+ %]h my; m\;mhP (uyp) mtHfs; ,Ue;j ,lj;jpy; cq;fis

ehq;fs; ghHf;f tpUk;gtpy;iy> cq;fsJ tho;it ePq;fs; tpghPjj;jpw;Fs;shf;fpf; nfhs;s Ntz;lhk;"" vd;W $wp

vr;rhpj;jhHfs;.

,e;j vr;rhpf;ifapdhy; gae;J Nghd myP (uyp) mtHfshy; epakpf;fg;gl;l me;j ftHdH> kPz;Lk; mtH

kjPdhtpw;Nf te;J tpl;lhH.

rphpahit Nehf;fpr; nrd;W nfhz;bUe;j ,d;ndhU ftHdH> jG+f;if mile;j nghOJ - mq;Nf KMtpahtpd;

tPuHfs; mtH nry;Yk; ghijia milj;Jf; nfhz;L epd;W nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;.

mg;nghOJ> myP (uyp) mtHfshy; toq;fg;gl;l gjtpg; gpukhzf; fbjj;ij mtHfsplk; fhz;gpj;j nghOJ

mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;>

'cq;fis epakpj;jJ cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfshf ,Ug;gpDk;> cq;fsJ tuT ey;tuthfl;Lk;"> mt;thwy;yhJ

'NtW ahuhYk; ePq;fs; mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;bUg;gpd; jaT nra;J jpUk;gpr; nrd;W tpLq;fs;" vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

,tHfis vjpHj;J vjidAk; nra;a ,ayhj me;jf; ftHdUk; kjPdhtpw;Nf jpUk;gp te;J tpLfpd;whH.

akid Nehf;fpr; nrd;w ftHdH> ve;j tpj rpukKkpy;yhky; Ml;rpg; nghWg;gpy; mkHe;J nfhz;lhYk;> mtUf;F

Kd;dhs; ,Ue;j Ml;rpahsHfs; murpd; f[hdhitf; fhypf;fp itj;J tpl;Lr; nrd;wpUe;jhHfs;.

myp (uyp) eltbf;if

$gh kw;Wk; rphpahtpd; ftHdHfs; ntspg;gilahf jhq;fs; myP (uyp) mtHfis vjpHg;gjhf mwptpj;jhHfs;.

vdNt> jd;id vjpHg;gjw;fhd fhuznkd;d vd;gjw;F tpsf;fkspf;FkhW ,uz;L ftHdHfSf;Fk; xU J}Jtiu

mDg;gp itj;jhHfs; myP (uyp) mtHfs;.

$gh ftHduhf ,Ue;j mG+ %]h m\;mhP (uyp) mtHfs; jd; rhHghf jpUg;jpfukhd gjpiy mDg;gp itj;jNjhL>

Gjpa fyPghTf;Fj; jhd; tpRthrkhf ele;J nfhs;tjhfTk; gjpy; mDg;gp itj;jhH.

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;F mDg;gpa fbjj;jpy;> 'vdf;F tpRthrkhf ele;J nfhs;Sq;fs; my;yJ Aj;jj;jpw;Fj;

jahuhFq;fs;" vd;W myP (uyp) mtHfs; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhHfs;.

kpfTk; je;jpurhypahd KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; kpfTk; Gj;jprhypj;jdkhdnjhU gjpiy myP (uyp) mtHfSf;F

mDg;gp itj;jhH. myP (uyp) mtHfs; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfsplkpUe;J te;j gjpy; fbjj;ijj; jpwe;J

ghHj;jhHfs;. mjpy;> 'gp];kpy;yh`pH u`;khdpH u`Pk;" - (mstw;w mUshsDk;> epfuw;w md;GilNahDkhfpa

my;yh`;tpd; jpUg; ngaiuf; nfhz;L Muk;gk; nra;fpd;Nwd;) vd;gijj; jtpu Ntnwhd;Wk; vOjg;glhky;

,Ue;jJ. myP (uyp) mtHfs; me;jf; fbjj;ijg; ghHj;Jg; gpukpj;J epd;whH.

fbjj;ijf; nfhz;L te;jthplk;>

,e;j fbjj;jpd; %yk; %Mtpah (uyp) mtHfs; vd;dplk; vjpHghHg;gnjd;d? vd;w mHj;jj;jpy; mtiu Nehf;fpdhH.

te;jpUe;j me;jj; J}JtH vOe;jpUe;J>>..

fz;zpakpf;ftHfNs..!

ehd; rphpahit tpl;Lf; fpsk;Gk; nghOJ> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyia epidj;J 50 Mapuk; kf;fs;

Page 169: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

mOJ nfhz;bUf;ff; fz;Nld;. mtHfsJ jhbfs; $l mjdhy; eide;J tpl;bUe;jd. Ke;ija fyPghtpd;

gLnfhiyf;F gopf;Fg; gop vLg;gJ vd;W mtHfs; #Siuj;Jf; nfhz;bUg;gijAk; fz;Nld;. NkYk;> gopf;Fg;

gop vLf;fhky;> jq;fsJ thl;fis ciwapypLtjpy;iy vd;Wk; mtHfs; rgjk; nra;jpUf;fTk; fz;Nld; vd;W

$wpdhH.

myP (uyp) mtHfspd; mUfpy; epd;W nfhz;bUe;j xUtH>

vd;d rphpahtpypUe;J te;j J}JtNu..! kjPdhtpd; uhZtj;ij rphpahtpd; uhZtk; kpifj;J tpLk; vd;wh ePH

fUJfpd;wPH? vd;W Nfl;L tpl;L> my;yh`;tpd; kPJ rj;jpakhf> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; Mil A+Rg; (miy)

mtHfspd; Miliag; Nghd;wJky;y> ,d;Dk; mtuJ gphpTj; Jauk; ahf;$g; (miy) mtHfs; nfhz;l gphpTj;

Jauj;ijg; Nghd;wJky;y. rphpahtpd; kf;fs; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSf;fhf mOJ nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;why;>

<uhf; kf;fs; mNj cJkhidg; gw;wp jtwhf my;yth Ngrpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs;..! vd;W $w Muk;gpj;jhH.

rphpahtpypUe;J te;j J}JtH je;j tpsf;fk; myP (uyp) mtHfspd; kdijf; fhag;gLj;jpaJ. kpfTk; mjpHe;j

epiyapy;> myP (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;>

,iwth! cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyf;fhf vd;dhy; vJTk; nra;a ,ayhj epiyapy; ,Uf;fpd;Nwd;

vd;gij eP mwptha;..! my;yh`;tpd; kPJ rj;jpakhf> me;jg; gLnfhiyfhuHfs; jg;gp tpl;lhHfs;.

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; gjpYk;> rphpahtpd; ftHdUkhd mtuJ Nehf;fKk; ,g;nghOJ vd;dthf ,Uf;Fk;

vd;gij czHe;J nfhz;l myP (uyp) mtHfs;> mtUld; Aj;jk; nra;ahky; ,e;jg; gpur;idf;F Kw;Wg;Gs;sp

xd;W cUthfg; Nghtjpy;;iy vd;w fzpg;gpw;F te;jhH. vdNt> Aj;jj;jpw;Fj; Njitahd Vw;ghLfisr;

nra;AkhW gzpj;jhH.

,g;nghOJ myP (uyp) mtHfspd; %j;j kfd; `]d; (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ je;ijiag; ghHj;J>

'je;ijNa..! ekf;F ,e;j fyPghg; gjtp Ntz;lhk;> Ngrhky; mjid cjwpj; js;sp tpLq;fs;. cs;ehl;L Aj;jk;

xd;W ekf;Fs; Vw;gl;L> mjd; %yk; K];ypk;fspd; ,uj;jk; ,e;jg; G+kpapy; rpe;Jtijj; jtpHj;jpLq;fs;> vd;W

jdJ je;ijiag; ghHj;Jf; nfQ;Rk; Fuypy; $wpdhH. 'KjYk; KbTkhff; $Wfpd;Nwd;"> 'kf;fs; midtUk;

cq;fis Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; epiyAk; Ntz;Lky;yth" vd;Wk; $wpdhH. Mdhy;> jdJ kfdpd; MNyhridia myP

(uyp) mtHfs; Vw;Wf; nfhs;s kWj;J tpLfpd;whHfs;.

myP (uyp) mtHfSf;Fk; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;Fk; ,ilNa Muk;gpj;j ,e;jg; gdpg;NghH> kjPdhtpy; mikjpaw;w

#o;epiyia cUthf;fpaJ. rphpahtpd; ftHduhd KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; ve;jsT jpwikAk;> EZfp Ma;T

nra;Ak; typikAk; ngw;wtH vd;gij kjPdhtpd; kf;fs; ed;F mwpthHfs;. KMtpah (uyp) mtHfis topf;Ff;

nfhz;L tUtJ vd;gJ mt;tsT vspjhd fhhpaky;y vd;gijAk; mtHfs; czHe;jpUe;jhHfs;.

xl;lfg; NghH

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfisr; re;jpg;gjw;F Kd; ,d;ndhU Mgj;ijAk; vjpHnfhs;s Ntz;ba epiyf;F myP (uyp)

mtHfs; js;sg;gl;lhHfs;. Mk;! ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; gphpaj;jpw;Fhpa kidtpahd Map\h (uyp) mtHfspd;

vjpHg;igr; rkhspf;Fk; mtrpak; myP (uyp) mtHfSf;F Vw;gl;lJ.

Map\h (uyp) mtHfs; `[;[pw;fhf kf;fhtpw;Fr; nrd;wpUe;j Neuj;jpy; jhd; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiy

ele;jJ. kjPdhtpw;Fj; jpUk;gp te;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; topapy; jhd; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyr;

nra;jpia mtHfs; mwpa Nehpl;lJ.

,J vd;d nfhLik..! ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; ctg;gpw;Fhpa efuj;jpy;> mJTk; xU fyp/ghit

,g;gbj;jhd; gLnfhiy nra;thHfsh? vd;W Mr;rhpaj;NjhL tpdtpdhHfs;. ,d;Dk;> ,e;jg; gLnfhiyf;F

epr;rak; ghlk; Gfl;bNa jPu Ntz;Lk; vd;W mq;fpUe;jtHfsplk; $w Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

Map\h (uyp) mtHfspd; Nfhhpf;ifiar; nrtpkLj;j E}w;Wf;fzf;fhdtHfs; Nghuhl;lj;jpw;F Kd; te;jhHfs;.

,tHfspy; kf;fhtpd; ftHdUk; $l mlq;FthH. ,e;j epiyapy; jy;`h (uyp) mtHfSk;> RigH (uyp) mtHfSk;

kjPdhit mile;jpUe;jhHfs;. mq;F vd;d ele;jJ vd;gJ gw;wp Map\h (uyp) mtHfSf;Fj; njhptpf;f

Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. kjPdhtpy; cldb eltbf;if xd;W mtrpag;gLtjhfTk;> mt;thwhdnjhU eltbf;ifia

Map\h (uyp) mtHfs; vLf;Fk;gl;rj;jpy;> mjw;Fj; jhq;fs; Mjutspg;gjhfTk; mtHfs; thf;FWjpAk; mspj;jhHfs;.

,d;Dk;> kjPdh ,Uf;Fk; epiyapy; ePq;fs; ,q;F tUtjw;Fg; gjpyhf g];uh efUf;Fr; nry;Yq;fs;> mq;Fk;

Page 170: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,jw;fhd MjuTfisj; jpul;Lq;fs; vd;W ,UtUk; mwpTiu $wpdhHfs;. ,e;j Neuj;jpy; mg;Jy;yh ,g;D ckH

(uyp) mtHfSk; kf;fhtpy; jhd; ,Ue;jhHfs;. Map\h (uyp) mtHfsJ Nehf;fj;ij tYtilar; nra;tjw;fhf>

mg;Jy;yh ,g;D ckH (uyp) mtHfSk; Map\h (uyp) mtHfspd; Nghuhl;lj;jpw;F MjuT jUkhW Ntz;bf;

nfhz;l NghJk;> mg;Jy;yh gpd; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; ,e;j cs;ehl;L Aj;jj;jpy; jhd; jiyapl KbahJ> vd;id

,e;j tk;gpy; khl;b tpl Ntz;lhk; vd;W $wp xJq;fpf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ Map\h (uyp) mtHfs; g]uhit Nehf;fpr; nry;yyhdhHfs;. topneLfpYk; Map\h (uyp) mtHfSf;F

MjuT ngUf Muk;gpj;jJ. ,g;nghOJ Mapuk; Mz;fs; Map\h (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikapy; g]uhtpy; xd;W

$l Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

epiyikia czHe;j g]uhtpd; ftHdH> Map\h (uyp) mtHfs; g]uh te;jpUg;gjd; Nehf;fnkd;d vd;gij

mwpa tpUk;Gtjhf> xU J}Jtiu Map\h (uyp) mtHfsplk; mDg;gp itj;jhH. mjw;F> gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;l

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyf;fhd Nghuhl;lj;jpy;> kf;fspd; gq;F vd;dntd;gJ Fwpj;J kf;fSf;F

tpsf;fkspf;fNt te;Njd; vd;W $wpdhH> Map\h (uyp) mtHfs;. gpd;G> g]uhtpd; J}JtH> jy;`h (uyp) kw;Wk;

RigH (uyp) mtHfsplKk; nrd;W ,Nj Nfs;tpiaf; Nfl;lhH.

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyf;Fg; gop vLf;fNt ,q;F te;Njhk; vd;w gjpiyf; $wpdhHfs;.

'ePq;fs; myP (uyp) mtHfsplk; cWjpg; gpukhzk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;ltHfs; my;yth!" vd;W me;jj; J}JtH jpUk;gf;

Nfl;lhH.

me;j cWjpg; gpukhzq;fs; ahTk; thspd; Kidapd; fPo; itj;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ. ,Ug;gpDk;> cJkhd; (uyp)

mtHfspd; gLnfhiyf;Fr; rhpahd eltbf;if vLf;Fk;gl;rj;jpy;> my;yJ mjw;fhd eltbf;ifia ehq;fs;

vLj;Jf; nfhs;s mDkjpf;Fk;gl;rj;jpy;> ehq;fs; mtUf;Ff; fl;Lg;glNt tpUk;Gfpd;Nwhk; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ> myP (uyp) mtHfsplkpUe;J cjtp tUk; tiu jhkjpj;j g]uhtpd; ftHdH> efUf;F ntspNa

giliaj; jpul;bf; nfhz;L Map\h (uyp) mtHfis vjpHg;gjw;fhfj; jahuhfp tpl;lhH. ,g;nghOJ> ,uz;L

gilfSk; NeUf;F Neuhf epd;W nfhz;L> rkpf;iQf;fhff; fhj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jd.

NghH Muk;gpg;gjw;F Kd;ghf jdf;F vjpuhf epd;W nfhz;bUe;j gil tPuHfsplk; cUf;fkhd Kiwapy; xU rpwpa

ciu xd;iw Map\h (uyp) mtHfs; Mw;wpdhHfs;.

fyPgh cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyf;Ff; fhuzkhdtHfisj; jz;bf;fhky; tpl;L tpLtjh? vd;W vjpNu

epd;W nfhz;bUe;j tPuHfisg; ghHj;Jf; Nfl;f Muk;gpj;jTld;> g]uhtpd; uhZtj;Jld; te;jpUe;j tPuHfspy;

ghjpg;NgH ,g;nghOJ> Map\h (uyp) mtHfspd; gilNahL NrHe;J nfhs;s Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

NghH Muk;gkhfpaJ. khiy tiu ele;j NghH KbTf;F te;J> gpd; kW ehSk; Muk;gkhfpaJ. md;iwa jpdk;

kjpa Ntisapy; ,U jug;Gk; rkhjhdkhd Kbnthd;iw vLg;gJ Fwpj;j KbTf;F te;jdH. ,d;Dk; kjPdhtpw;F

xUtiu mDg;GtJ vd;Wk;> mtH jy;`h (uyp) mtHfSk;> RigH (uyp) mtHfSk; myP (uyp) mtHfsplk; tpUk;gp

igmj; - cWjpg; gpukhzk; nra;jhHfsh? my;yJ tw;GWj;jypd; Nghpy; mtHfsplk; igmj; ngwg;gl;ljh? vd;gij

mwpe;J tUtJ vd KbthfpaJ.

,jd; mbg;gilapy;> ,UtUk; myP (uyp) mtHfsplk; tpUk;gp igmj; nra;jpUf;Fk;gl;rj;jpy; Map\h (uyp) mtHfs;

g]uhit tpl;Lk; jpUk;gpr; nrd;W tpLtJ vd;Wk;> mt;thwd;wp> ,UtUk; ths; Kidapd; fPo; tw;GWj;jypd;

fhuzkhf igmj; nra;jpUg;ghHfnsd;why;> g]uhtpd; ftHdH gjtp tpyfp> g]uhtpd; nghWg;ig Map\h (uyp)

mtHfsplk; ifaspg;gJ vd;w KbntLf;fg;gl;lJ.

,e;jg; gpur;idiaj; jPHj;J itf;Fk; eLepiyahsuhf> g]uhtpd; jiyik ePjpgjp epakpf;fg;gl;lhH. mtiu

kjPdhtpw;F mDg;gp cz;ik epiy vd;dntd;gij mwpe;J tUkhW mDg;gp itf;f KbntLf;fg;gl;lJ. ,tH

nfhz;L tUk; jPHg;ig midtUk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;tJ vd;Wk; ,Wjp KbntLf;fg;gl;lJ.

vdNt> g]uhtpd; jiyik ePjpgjpahff; flikahw;wpa fmg; gpd; jt;H vd;gtH> kjPdhtpw;F mDg;gp

itf;fg;gl;lhH. ,tH> kjPdhit nts;spf; fpoikad;W mile;jhH. mtH Neubahf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd;

gs;spf;Fr; nrd;W> kf;fspd; Kd;dpiyapy; epd;W nfhz;L>

vd;dUik kf;fNs..! vd;id g]uhtpd; kf;fs; ,q;Nf mDg;gp itj;jpUf;fpd;whHfs;. ehd; te;jjd; Nehf;fk;

vd;dntdpy;> jy;`h (uyp) mtHfSk;> RigH (uyp) mtHfSk; mtHfsJ tpUg;gj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; igmj;

Page 171: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

ngwg;gl;lhHfsh? my;yJ mtHfsJ tpUg;gj;jpw;F khw;wkhf mr;RWj;jypd; mbg;gilapy; tYf;fl;lhakhfg; igmj;

ngw;gl;lhHfsh? vd;gij mwpe;J tUtjw;fhfNt mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;Nld; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

mg;nghOJ>

my;yh`;tpd; kPJ rj;jpakhf..! 'thspd; Kidapd; fPo; itj;Jj; jhd; igmj; ngwg;gl;lJ" vd;W c]h gpd;

i]j; (uyp) mtHfs; vOe;jpUe;J $wpdhHfs;. c]hkh (uyp) mtHfspd; fUj;jpw;F tYr; NrHf;FKfkhf> kpfTk;

gpugykhd gy egpj;NjhoHfs; vOe;jpUe;J> c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs; $WtJ Kw;wpYk; cz;ikNa vd;W

$wpdhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ> jy;`h (uyp) mtHfSk;> RigH (uyp) mtHfSk; $wpaJ Kw;wpYk; cz;ikNa vd;gij

mwpe;J nfhz;l g]uhtpd; ePjpgjp ,g;nghOJ> g]uhit Nehf;fp gazj;ijj; njhlHe;jhH.

Map\h (uyp) g\uhitf; ifg;gw;Wjy;

g\uhtpy; ele;J tUgitfs; gw;wp myP (uyp) mtHfs; Nfs;tpg;gLfpd;whHfs;. mjidaLj;J> g\uhit tpl;Lf;

nfhLf;f Ntz;lhk; vd;W ftHdUf;Ff;F vOjpa fbjj;jpy; myP (uyp) mtHfs; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpd;whHfs;.

,e;j epiyapy;> kjPdhtpw;F nrd;w ePjpgjp g\uhtpw;Fj; jpUk;gp tUfpd;whH. mtH> jy;`h (uyp) kw;Wk [{igH

(uyp) mtHfs; ,UtUk; $wpa midj;Jk; cz;ikNa vd;W $Wfpd;whH. ,jidaLj;J> jy;`h (uyp)

mtHfSk;> [{igH (uyp) mtHfSk; ftHdiug; ghHj;J> ePq;fs; nfhLj;j thf;FWjpia epiwNtw;Wq;fs;>

g\uhit vq;fs; nghWg;gpy; xg;gilAq;fs; vd;W Nfl;Fk; nghOJ>

,g;nghOJ ehd; cq;fSf;Ff; nfhLj;j thf;if tpl> fyPgh mtHfspd; cj;jutpw;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;L elf;f Ntz;ba

epiyapy; cs;Nsd; vd;W myP (uyp) mtHfs; ,l;l fl;lisia mtHfsplk; vLj;Jf; $Wfpd;whH. vdNt> ehd;

fyPgh mtHfspd; cj;jutpid kjpj;J ,e;j efiug; ghJfhf;Fk; eltbf;ifia vLf;Fk; epiyapy; cs;Nsd;

vd;W $Wfpd;whH. ,Ug;gpDk;> g\uh ifg;gw;wg;gLfpd;wJ> ftHdH rpiwgpbf;fg;gLfpd;whH.

g\uh `p[;hp 36> ugpa;Ay; MfpH> 4 k; ehs; ifg;gw;wg;gLfpd;wJ. g\uhit ifg;gw;wg;gl;lTld;> jy;`h (uyp)

mtHfSk;> [{igH (uyp) mtHfSk; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyf;Ff; fhuzkhdtHfisj; Njbf;

fz;Lgpbf;Fk; gzpapy; Kk;Kukhf ,wq;fp tpLfpd;whHfs;. E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd Mz;fs; Rw;wp tisf;fg;gl;L> mtHfs;

tprhuizf;F cl;gLj;jg;gLfpd;whHfs;. rpyH ifJ nra;ag;gl;L> tprhuizAk; KLf;fp tpLg;gl;lJ. mjpy; gyH

,e;jg; gLnfhiyapy; re;jg;gl;bUg;gJ njhpe;jJk;> mtHfis tprhuizf;Fg; gpd; nfhiy nra;aTk;gLfpd;whHfs;.

,g;nghOJ g\uh efuNk jpfpy; gpbj;j epiyapy; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. g\uh ifg;gw;wg;gl;l nra;jpia

fbjk; %ykhf ehl;bd; gy ghfq;fSf;Fk; njhptpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. jy;`h (uyp) mtHfSk;> [{igH (uyp)

mtHfSk; mDg;gp itj;j nra;jpapy;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfisg; gLnfhiyapy; <Lgl;ltHfs; kPJ ,iwtdpd;

jz;lid vt;thW ,wq;fpapUf;fpd;wJ> mjw;fhd jz;lidia mtHfs; g\uhtpy; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs; vd;Wk;

Fwpg;gpl;L me;jf; fbjj;jpy; vOjpapUe;jhHfs;.

myp (uyp) NjhoHfSk;

g\uhtpy; ele;J nfhz;bUg;gitfs; mj;jidAk; myP (uyp) mtHfisf; ftiy nfhs;sr; nra;jd. ,g;nghOJ

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfis mtHfspd; Nghf;fpy; tpl;L tpl;L> Kjypy; ehk; <uhf;fpd; kPJ KOf;ftdk; nrYj;j

Ntz;Lk; vd;w Kbit myP (uyp) mtHfs; vLf;fpd;whHfs;.

kjPdhtpd; ,sty;fis mioj;jhH myP (uyp) mtHfs;. kjPdhtpd; kf;fNs..! thUq;fs; vd; gpd;dhy; mzp

jpuz;L.

Mdhy; Map\h (uyp) mtHfspd; tp\aj;jpy; myP (uyp) mtHfs; cjtp nra;ag;gl Kbahj epiyapy; ,Ue;jhH.

kjPdj;J kf;fs; jd; gpd;dhy; mzp jpus;thHfs; vd vjpHghHj;j myP (uyp) mtHfSf;F Vkhw;wNk kpQ;rpaJ.

kpfr; rpyNu Nghuhl Kd; te;jhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; gpd;dhy; ,iwepuhfhpg;gpw;F vjpuhf jq;fsJ

capiuAk;> nghUisAk; Jr;rkhf kjpj;J mzp jpuz;l me;j ,sty;fs; ,g;nghOJ> ,J vq;fshy;

jhq;ftpayhj gSthf ,Uf;fpd;wJ mkPUy; K/kpdPd; mtHfNs..! ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; kidtp..

,iwek;gpf;ifahHfspd; jha;..! md;id Map\h (uyp) mtHfis vjpHj;jh vq;fisf; fskpwq;fr;

nrhy;fpd;wPHfs;? kd;dpj;J tpLq;fs; vd;W xJq;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

<uhid ntd;nwLj;j Ntq;if> rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; Ngr Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

,iwek;gpf;ifahsHfspd; jiytH.. mkPUy; K/kpdPd; mtHfNs..!

Page 172: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

ek;gpf;ifahHfisAk;> ek;gpf;ifaw;NwhHfisAk; gphpj;J ,dq;fhzf; $ba ths; xd;iw vdf;Fj; jhUq;fs;.

mj;jifa ths; xd;iw vd; ifapy; jUtPHfs; vd;W nrhd;dhy;...> cq;fs; gpd;dhy; epd;W ehd; NghH nra;af;

fhj;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;. mj;jifa ths; xd;iw vdf;Fg; ngw;Wj;ju ,ayhjgl;rj;jpy;....> jaTnra;J vd;id

kd;dpj;J tpLq;fs;..!

mg;Jy;yh ,g;D ckH (uyp) mtHfs; Ngr Muk;gpj;jhHfs;..!

my;yh`;tpd; jpUg;ngauhy; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;..! vdJ kdJ tpUk;ghj xd;iw vd;kPJ tYf;fl;lhakhfj;

jpzpf;f Ntz;lhk;..!

K`k;kJ gpd; K];ypkh (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;..!

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; vd;dplk; $wpapUf;fpd;whHfs;..! K];ypkhNt..! cdJ this eP vd;iwf;Fk;

,iwepuhfhpg;ghsHfis vjpHj;Jg; gad;gLj;JtPuhf..! K];ypk;fis vjpHj;Jg; NghH GhpAk; epiy Vw;gl;lhy;> me;j

this cilj;J tpLk;..! vd;W vdf;F mtHfs; fl;lisapl;Ls;shHfs;. vdNt> ehd; Vw;fdNt vd;Dila

this Rf;FE}whf cilj;njwpe;J tpl;Nld;> mkPUy; K/kpdPd; mtHfNs..!

c]hkh gpd; i]j; (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;..!

''tzq;fj;jf;f ,iwtd; my;yh`;itj; jtpu NtW xUtd; ,y;iy""> vd;W rhd;W gfHe;jpUf;fpd;w xU kdpjiu

vjpHj;J ehd; NghH nra;tjpy;iy vd;W rj;jpak; nra;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;> vd;id kd;dpj;J tpLq;fs;..! mkPUy;

K/kpdPd; mtHfNs...!

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; epoypy; epd;W Nghuhba ,e;j Ntq;iffspd; $w;iwf; Nfl;l> c];jH vd;gtH

$wpdhH..> cq;fsJ nrhy;Yf;Ff; fl;Lg;glhj ,tHfis rpiwapy; js;Sq;fs;...!

',y;iy"> ahUila tpUg;gj;jpw;Fk; vjpuhfTk;> vd;Dila gyj;ijg; gpuNahfpf;f tpUk;gtpy;iy> vd;W myP (uyp)

mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;.

filrpg; NghH

rpg;gPd; NghH

$/ghtpypUe;J te;j cjtp

`p[;hp 36 ugpa;Ay; mt;ty; khjk; myP (uyp) mtHfs; <uhf;if Nehf;fpg; Gwg;gl;lhHfs;. vjpHjug;gpdH g\uhit

mz;kpf;F Kd;ghfNt ehk; Ngha;r; NrHe;J tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj myP (uyp) mtHfspd; Nehf;fkhf ,Ue;jJ.

Mdhy; ePz;l gazk;> mjpfg;gbahd Neuk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;ljhy; Fwpj;j fhyf;nfLTf;Fs; Ngha;r; Nru

,aytpy;iy. jp fhH vd;w ,lj;ij mile;j nghOJ> g\uh efuk; Map\h (uyp) mtHfspd; fl;Lg;ghl;bd; fPo;

,Ug;gjhf jfty; tUfpd;wJ. vdNt> mq;NfNa myP (uyp) mtHfs; jq;fp tpLfpd;whHfs;.

$/ghtpd; ftHduhf ,Ue;j mG+ %]h my; m\;mhp (uyp) mtHfSf;F> gyKiw cjtp Nfl;Lg; gy Kiw nra;jp

mDg;gp itj;jhHfs; myP (uyp) mtHfs;. cs;ehl;L Aj;jk; xd;W elf;ftpUg;gij mG+ %]h (uyp) mtHfs;

tpUk;gtpy;iy. xU K];ypk; ,d;ndhU K];ypkpDila njhz;ilf;Fopia mWg;gjh? vd;W mtH ,e;j cs;ehl;L

Aj;jj;ij ntWf;f Muk;gpj;jhH. ,e;jg; gpur;idapypUe;J xJq;fp ,Uf;fNt mtH tpUk;gpdhH. jd; ehl;L

kf;fSf;Fk; mjidNa mwpTiuahfTk; toq;fpdhH.

Map\h (uyp) mtHfSf;Fk;> myP (uyp) mtHfSf;FkpilNa elf;Fk; ,e;jg; Nghhpy; ehk; fye;J nfhs;tjpy;iy

vd;W KbntLj;j mG+ %]h (uyp) mtHfs;> jd; ehl;L kf;fSf;Fk; mt;thNw ,Ue;J nfhs;Sk;gb

mwpTWj;jpdhH.

,Wjpahf> myP (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ kfd; `]d; (uyp) mtHfis $/ghtpw;Nf mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. `]d;

(uyp) mtHfs; $/gh it mile;j Neuj;jpy;> mG+ %]h (uyp) mtHfs; mq;fpUe;j gs;spthrypy; kf;fsplk; ciu

epfo;j;jpf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. me;j ciuapy;> K];ypk;fSf;fpilNa elf;Fk; ,e;j cs;ehl;L Aj;jj;jpy; ,Ue;J>

Kw;wpYk; jtpHe;J ,Ue;J nfhs;SkhW mwpTiu $wpf; nfhz;bUe;jhH. mG+ %]h (uyp) mtHfs; ciu epfo;j;jp

Kbe;jJk;> `]d; (uyp) mtHfs; Nkil kPJ Vwp> ciu epfo;j;j Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

me;j ciuapy;> jd;Dila je;ij ve;jsT NeHikahd fyP/gh vd;gjidAk;> jy;`h (uyp) mtHfSk;> [{igH

(uyp) mtHfSk; je;j thf;FWjpia kPwp ele;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; epiyiaAk;> ,e;j epiyapy;> ePjpia

Page 173: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

epiyehl;Ltjw;fhf fyP/gh tpw;F cjTtJ nghJkf;fspd; flikahf ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;gjidAk;> jdJ

ciuapy; `]d; (uyp) mtHfs; tpsf;fpf; $w Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

`]d; (uyp) mtHfspd; ciu mq;Nf kpfg; nghpa jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ. $/gh tpd; Kd;dzpj; jiytHfs;

xUtH vOe;jpUe;J> $/ghtpd; kf;fNs..! ek;Kila ftHdUila $w;W> rhpjhd;. Mdhy;> Njrj;jpd; xw;Wik

vd;gJk; mtrpakhdnjhd;W. me;j xUikg;ghL ,y;iynadpy;> mikjpAk;> ePjpAk; ,y;yhky; Ngha; tpLk;. myP

(uyp) mtHfs; fyP/gh thf> Ml;rpj; jiytuhfj; NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;bUg;gtH. mtH ePjpia epiyehl;Ltjw;fhf

cq;fSila cjtpiaf; Nfl;bUf;fpd;whH. mtuJ Nfhhpf;iff;F cq;fshy; Kbe;j msT cjtp toq;f

Ntz;baJ flikahFk; vd;W ciuahw;wp Kbf;fpd;whH.

,tuJ ,e;j ciuia mLj;J> ,Nj Nghd;w fUj;ij Kd; itj;J ,d;Dk; rpy jiytHfs; Ngr

Muk;gpf;fpd;whHfs;. ,g;nghOJ kf;fspilNa xUtpj czHr;rpfukhd epiy epyt Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. me;j

,lj;jpNyNa xd;gjdhapuk; NgH myp (uyp) mtHfspd; gilapy; NrHe;J nfhs;tjw;fhfj; jpuz;L tpLfpd;whHfs;.

,ad;wtiuf;Fk;> mjpfgl;r Kaw;rpahf ekf;fpilNa ,uj;jk; rpe;Jtij ehk; jtpHe;J nfhs;s Kaw;rp nra;Nthk;

vd;W $/ghtpd; kf;fSf;F myP (uyp) mtHfs; thf;FWjpAk; mspf;fpd;whHfs;. NghH nra;tJ jtpHf;ftpayhj

epiyf;F js;sgl;lhYk;> mjidj; jtpHj;Jf; nfhs;s ehk; ,ad;w tiuf;Fk; Kaw;rpg;Nghk; vd;Wk; myP (uyp)

mtHfs; jd;gpd;dhy; mzp jpuz;l kf;fSf;F thf;FWjp mspf;fpd;whHfs;.

myP (uyp) mtHfspd; ,e;j thf;FWjpahdJ> $/ghtpd; kf;fspd; ,jaj;ijf; ftHe;jJ> fyP/gh mtHfs;

epaakhd fhhpaq;fSf;fhfj; jhd; ,q;F te;jpUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;W ey;ygpg;guhaj;ijAk; myP (uyp) mtHfspd; kPJ

Njhw;Wtpj;jJ. ,J myP (uyp) mtHfSf;F Mw;wiyAk;> ,d;Dk; nfsutj;ijAk; ngw;Wj; je;jJ.

Ngr;RthHj;ij Njhy;tp

,g;nghOJ g\uhit mz;kpj;J tpl;l myP (uyp) mtHfs;> Map\h (uyp) mtHfSf;Fk;> mtuJ

MjuthsHfSf;Fk; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;w jtwhd Ghpe;JzHitf; fise;J tpLKfkhf xU kdpjiu

mtHfsplk; mDg;gp itf;fpd;whHfs;.

nrd;w me;j J}JtH..Nfl;lhH..!

cz;ikapy;> cq;fsJ MjuthsHfs; tpUk;GtJ vd;dntd;gij mwpe;J nfhs;syhkh?

ehq;fs; K];ypk;fspd; eyj;ij md;wp> NtnwjidAk; tpUk;gtpy;iy> vd;W Map\h (uyp) mtHfspd; jug;gpy;

,Ue;J gjpy; te;jJ. ''K];ypk;fspd; eyk;.. vd;gJ cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyf;Fg; gopvLf;Fk;

tiuapYk; rhj;jpakw;wJ"".

cJkhd;(uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyf;Fg; gop thq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W ePq;fs; Nfl;gJ epahak; jhd;. myP (uyp)

mtHfs; mjw;fhd Kaw;rpapy; <Lgl;Ls;shHfs;. Fog;gthjpfspd; fuq;fis xLf;Ftjw;Fk;> mtHfs; kPJ

eltbf;if vLg;gjw;fhf myP (uyp) mtHfspd; fuq;fis tYg;gLj;j Ntz;batJ mtrpakpy;iyah? ,jpy; ehd;

nrhy;ypj; njhpahj msTf;F> ,jpy; cq;fSf;F ey;y mDgtk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ePq;fs; ,g;nghOJ g\uhtpy;

cs;s Fog;gthjpfSf;F jz;lid toq;f Muk;gpj;J tpl;BHfs;. Mdhy; `Hf]; gpd; RigH vd;gtiug;

nghWj;jtiu ,d;Dk; ePq;fs; cjtp nra;ag;gl Kbahj epiyapy; my;yth ,Uf;fpd;wPHfs;. ePq;fs; mtiuf;

nfhy;y epidj;jhYk;> mtiur; Rw;wpYk; ghJfhg;gpw;fhf Mapuk; NgH epd;W nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs;. mtiuj; jg;gpf;

tpl;L tpLtPHfs;.

cz;ikapNyNa ePq;fs; ,e;jg; gpur;idf;F Kw;Wg;Gs;sp itf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W tpUk;gpdhy;> fyPghtpd; gpd;dhy;

xd;W jpuSq;fs;. jaTnra;J kf;fis cs;ehl;Lf; Fog;gj;jpy; js;sp tpl;L tplhjPHfs;. ,J jdpg;gl;l egHfspd;

gpur;iday;y> xl;L nkhj;j rKjhaj;ij ghjpf;ff; $baJ. nghJkf;fspd; ,uj;jk; ,e;jg; G+kpapy; rpe;jg;gLtij

tpl> ePq;fs; mikjpia tpUk;GtPHfs;> mikjpia tpUk;gf; $batHfs; vd;W epidf;fpd;Nwd;.

Map\h (uyp)> jy;`h (uyp)> RigH (uyp) MfpNahHfs; te;jtuJ Ntz;LNfhspd; %yk; kpfTk; kdjstpy;

ghjpf;fg;gl;ldH.

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyf;F myP (uyp) mtHfs; epr;rakhf eltbf;if vLg;ghHfs; vDk; gl;rj;jpy;>

ekf;Fs; ve;jf; fUj;JNtWghLk; fpilahJ> mjid kpfTk; vspjhf ehk; jPHj;Jf; nfhs;syhk; vd;W

$wpdhHfs;.

Page 174: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,tHfspd; ,e;j nra;jpia> te;j me;j J}JtH myP (uyp) mtHfsplk; vLj;Jr; nrd;whH. NkYk;> ek;gpf;if jUk;

me;jr; nra;jpAld;> g\uh efiur; NrHe;j rpyUk; me;jj; J}JtUld; myP (uyp) mtHfisr; re;jpf;fr; nrd;wdH.

,d;Dk;> ,Jtiu Vw;gl;l gpur;idfspd; fhuzkhf> myP (uyp) mtHfs; jq;fis vjphpahff; fUjf; $lhJ

vd;w Nfhhpf;ifiaAk; myP(uyp) mtHfsplk; Kd; itj;jdH. myP (uyp) mtHfs; ,Jtp\aj;jpy; ePq;fs; vd;dplk;

gag;glj; Njitapy;iy> ehd; ve;j vjpHeltbf;ifiaAk; vLf;f khl;Nld; vd;W thf;FWjp mspj;jhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ> mikjp jpUk;Gtjw;fhd vjpHghHg;Gfs; kpfTk; gpufhrkhf ,Ue;jd. Mdhy; myP (uyp) mtHfSld;

te;jpUe;j mg;Jy;yh gpd; rgh kw;Wk; mtuJ MjuthsHfSf;F ,e;j mikjpg; Ngr;RthHj;ij mjpf kd

cisr;riyf; nfhLf;f Muk;gpj;jJ. ,d;Dk; g\uhtpypUe;J te;jtHfSf;F myP (uyp) mtHfs; je;j thf;FWjp

mg;Jy;yh gpd; rgh it kpfTk; fytuj;jpw;Fs;shf;fpaJ.

,d;Dk; ,jid tpl g\uhtpw;Fj; jpUk;gpa gpd; myP (uyp) mtHfs; Mw;wpa ciu> mg;Jy;yh gpd; rgh it NkYk;

fytuj;jpw;Fs;shf;fpaJ. myP (uyp) mtHfs; ciuapd; rhuk; :

vd;Dila kf;fNs..! xw;Wik jhd; my;yh`; ek;kPJ Ghpe;jpUf;ff; $ba kpfg; ngUk; mUl;nfhilahFk;.

xw;Wik jhd; ek;ik gykpf;ftHfshfTk;> Nkd;ik kpf;f kf;fshfTk; khw;Wk;. ,];yhj;jpDila vjphpfs; ehk;

xw;Wikahf ,Ug;gij tpUk;gtpy;iy. mtHfs;> ek;Kila xw;Wikiar; rPHFiyg;Gr; rjpfisr; nra;aNt

tpUk;Gfpd;whHfs;. ,j;jifNahHfsplkpUe;J ePq;fs; kpfTk; ftdkhfTk;> vr;rhpf;ifahfTk; ,Ue;J

nfhs;Sq;fs;. ehis ehk; g\uh efUf;F mikjpg; gazk; xd;iw Nkw;nfhs;stpUf;fpd;Nwhk;. cJkhd; (uyp)

mtHfspd; gLnfhiyapy; rk;ge;jg;gl;ltHfs; ,e;jg; gazj;jpy; fye;J nfhs;shky;> ,Ue;J tpLq;fs; vd;Wk;

$wpdhHfs;.

myP (uyp) mtHfspd; ,e;j mwptpg;Gf;Fg; gpd; mg;Jy;yh gpd; rgh tpd; Ml;fs; ,e;jg; gazj;jpy;fye;J

nfhs;shky; jtpHe;J nfhz;lNjhL> mtHfs; ufrpakhf xU ,lj;jpy; xd;W $lyhdhHfs;.

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyf;Ff; fhuzkhdtHfisg; gopthq;Ftjw;F fyP/gh myP (uyp)mtHfs;

jahuhfp tpl;lhHfs; vd;W mtHfs; xUtUf;nfhUtH Ngrpf; nfhs;s Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. jy;`h> RigH kw;Wk;

Map\h MfpNahHfs; vjid typAWj;jpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfNsh> mjw;F myp mtHfs; cld;gl;L tpl;lhHfs;

vd;Nw Njhd;Wfpd;wJ. ,jidj; jLj;J epWj;j ehk; VjhtJ nra;jhf Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; mg;Jy;yh gpd; rghtpd;

Ml;fs; jq;fSf;Fs; fUj;Jg;ghpkhwpf; nfhs;s Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

myP(uyp) mtHfs; mwptpg;Gr; nra;jjd;kWehs; nrhy;ypagbNa> g\uh efiu Nehf;fp myP (uyp) mtHfSk;

mtHfsJ gilapdUk; Gwg;gl;lhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ kW $lhuj;jpypUe;J jy;`h (uyp) kw;Wk; RigH (uyp)

mtHfSk; jq;fsJ gilapdUld; g\uh efiutpl;Lk; ntspf;fpsk;gp te;jhHfs;. ,e;j ,uz;LgilfSk; %d;W

ehl;fs; NeUf;F NeH epd;W nfhz;bUe;jd. mikjpg; Ngr;RthHj;ijfSk; ele;Jnfhz;Nl ,Ue;jd. %d;whtJ

ehs;..!

,uz;L jug;gpypUe;Jk; cs;s kpfg; ngUk; jiytHfs; NeUf;F NeH Ngr;RthHj;ijfis Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. myP

(uyp) mtHfs; jdJ Fjpiuapd; kPjkHe;Jnfhz;L Kd;Nd nrd;whHfs;. kWKidapypUe;J jy;`h (uyp) kw;Wk;

RigH (uyp) MfpNahHfs; jq;fsJ Fjpiufspy; myp (uyp) mtHfis Nehf;fp te;jhHfs;. ,U FOf;fSk;

NeUf;F Neuhf> ,uz;L mzpf;Fjpiufspd; fOj;Jf;fs; xd;wpize;J nfhs;s Kfj;Jf;F Kfk; ghHj;Jg;

NgryhdhHfs;. (mtHfs; Ngrpa thpfs; tuyhw;W thpfs;. vjphpfnsd;W fUJgtHfisf; $l ,q;fpjkhd Kiwapy;

miof;ff;$ba itu thpfs;. ,d;iwa K];ypk;fs; mwpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;ba tuyhw;Wg; nghf;fp\q;fs;.)

''ehd; cq;fsJ rNfhjudy;yth?"" vd;W vjpHjug;gpypUe;J te;j jy;`h (uyp) kw;Wk; RigH(uyp)

MfpNahHfisg; ghHj;J> myP (uyp) mtHfs; Nfl;lhHfs;.

xU K];ypk; rNfhjudJ ,uj;jk; ,d;ndhU K];ypk; rNfhjuDf;Fg; Gdpjkhdjy;yth? vd;Wk; myP (uyp)

mtHfs;> mtHfisg; ghHj;Jf; Nfl;lhHfs;.

''Mdhy; ePq;fs; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhd fytuj;jpy; ePq;fs; gq;F nfhz;L tpl;BHfNs""> vd;W

jy;`h mtHfs; Nfhgj;Jld; $wpdhHfs;.

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyapy; rk;ge;jg;gl;ltHfs; kPJ ,iwtdJ rhgk; cz;lhfl;Lkhf..! vd;W

$wpa myP (uyp) mtHfs;> X jy;`h..! vd;Dila Ml;rpf;F fl;Lg;gl;L elg;gjhf vdf;F thf;FWjp

toq;fpapUf;ftpy;iyah?

Page 175: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

Mk;..! thisapd; Kidapd;kPJ vd;id epWj;jp thq;fg;gl;l thf;FWjp mJ? vd;W jy;`h (uyp) mtHfs; gjpy;

$wpdhHfs;.

X RigH..! cq;fSf;F epidtpUf;fpd;wjh""> my;yh`;tpd; J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> vd;id (f; Fwpj;J) ePq;fs;

tpUk;Gfpd;wPHfsh vd;W cq;fsplk; Nfl;lhHfs; my;yth? mjw;F ePq;fs;> 'Mk;" vd;wPHfs; my;yth. mg;nghOJ

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> RigNu..! xUehs; tUk;>mg;nghOJ xd;Wkpy;yhjnjhU tp\aj;jpw;fhf mypAld;

ePq;fs; rz;ilf;F epw;gPHfs; vd;W Kd;dwptpg;Gr; nra;jhHfNs QghfkpUf;fpd;wjh? vd;W myp (uyp) mtHfs;

RigH (uyp) mtHfisg; ghHj;Jf; Nfl;lhHfs;.

epr;rakhf..! ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; nrhd;dJ cz;ik jhd;. ehd; ,g;nghOJ ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs; $wpaij epidTgLj;jpf; nfhz;Nld; vd;whHfs;. ,e;jf; fye;Jiuahly;fSf;Fg; gpd;> ,uz;L jug;ghUk;

mtutH ,Ug;gplq;fSf;Fj; jpUk;gp tpl;lhHfs;. ,U FOf;fSf;FkpilNa eilngw;w ciuahly;fs; ,Ujug;gpduJ

kdijAk; ,sf itj;jpUe;jJ. neUf;fj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;jpapUe;jJ. cs;ehl;L Aj;jj;jpd; %ykhf

rpe;jg;gltpUf;fpd;w ,uj;jq;fs;> kw;Wk; ,];yhkpa rKjhak; vjpHnfhs;s Ntz;ba gpur;idfs; Fwpj;Jk; ,U

jug;ghUk; rpe;jpf;fyhdhHfs;. Mdhy;> mikjpf;fhd mwpFwpfs; KO mstpy; njd;gltpy;iyNa vd;W ,U

jug;ghHfSk; czuj; jisg;gl;lhHfs;.

myP (uyp) mtHfs; Ngr;RthHj;ij R%fkhf Kbtile;jJ Fwpj;J> kpfTk; epk;kjpg; ngU%r;R tpl;lgb jdJ

$lhuj;jpw;Fj; jpUk;gpdhHfs;. K];ypk;fs; jq;fSf;F mbj;Jf; nfhz;L ,uj;jk; rpe;JtJ jtpHf;fg;gl;L tpl;lJ

vd;Nw myP (uyp) mtHfs; fUjyhdhHfs;. ,d;Dk; ahUf;F vjpuhfTk; xU rpW JUk;igf; $l vLj;Jg; Nghlf;

$lhJ> mjhtJ xU mk;igf; $l vwpaf; $lhJ vd;W fLikahd cj;juit jdJ gilapdUf;F myP (uyp)

mtHfs; fLikahd fl;lisapl;lhHfs;. md;iwa ,utpy;> ah my;yh`;..! ,e;j cs;ehl;L Aj;jj;jpd; %yk;

K];ypk;fspd; ,uj;jk; rpe;jg;gLtjdpd;Wk;> mjd;nfhLikfspypUe;Jk; vq;fisg; ghJfhg;ghahf vd;W

gpuhHj;jid Ghpe;jhHfs;.

NghNu..! KbT

,uT te;jJ. ,utpd; eprg;jj;jpy; ,uz;L gilfSk; epk;kjpahfj; J}q;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. Mdhy;> mg;Jy;yh

gpd; rgh Tk;> mtdJ Ml;fs; kl;Lk; J}q;ftpy;iy. ,uT KOtJk; rjpfisg; gw;wpa jpl;lkpLjypy; fopj;jhHfs;.

,J jhd; ekJ filrpr; re;jHg;gk; ,jid eOt tplf; $lhJ vd;W KbntLj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,utpd;

,Us; ,d;Dk; tpyhfky; ,Ue;jJ. MdhYk; me;j ,utpd; mikjpiaf; fpopj;Jf; nfhz;L thl;fspd; Nghpiur;ry;

vq;Fk; #o Muk;gpj;jJ. ahUNk epidj;Jg; ghHj;jpuhj jpBHf; Fog;gk;. rgh Tk; mtdJ Ml;fSk;> jpBnud

Map\h (uyp) mtHfspd; gilapdhpd; kPJ jhf;Fjiyj; njhLf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. tpiutpy;> KO mstpyhd

Aj;jk; Muk;gkhfp tpl;lJ.

jpBnud Vw;gl;l ,e;jf; Fog;gj;ijg; ghHj;J> jy;`h (uyp) kw;Wk; RigH (uyp) MfpNahH nra;tjwpahJ

epd;whHfs;.

vd;d ele;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ? vd;W jd;Dila Ml;fisg; ghHj;J jy;`h (uyp) Nfl;f>

myPapDila Ml;fs; ek;ikj; jhf;Ffpd;whHfs; vd;w gjpy; te;jJ.

vd;d ,J ehk; ,g;gb elf;Fnkd;W epidj;Jk; $l ghHf;ftpy;iyNa..! K];ypk;fspDila ,uj;jk;

rpe;jg;glhky;> myp Xa khl;lhH NghypUf;fpd;wJ> ,e;jg; gak; vkf;F vg;nghOJk; ,Ue;J nfhz;L jhd;

,Ue;jJ vd;W jy;`h fUjj; jiyg;gl;lhH.

,q;F> jy;`h vjid epidj;jNuh mjidNa me;j Kfkhkpy; ,Ue;j myp (uyp) mtHfSk; fUjyhdhHfs;.

myp (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ gilapdiug; ghHj;J> vd;d ele;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ? vd;whHfs;.

jy;`h (uyp) mtHfSk;> RigH (uyp) mtHfSk;> mtHfsJ Ml;fSk; ek;kPJ vjpHghuhj jhf;Fjiy elj;jp

Kw;Wifapl;L tpl;lhHfs;""> vd;w gjpiy rgh tpDila Ml;fspy; xUtH gjpyhfj; je;jhH.

mg;gbah..! vd;W $wpa myp (uyp) mtHfs;> K];ypk;fs; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gLtjdpd;Wk; ,e;jg;

Page 176: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

ngUe;jiffisj; jLf;f KbahJ NghypUf;fpd;wNj..!> ,e;jg; gak; vkf;F vg;nghOJk; ,Ue;J nfhz;L jhd;

,Ue;jJ vd;W jy;`h (uyp) mtHfs; fUjpaJ NghyNt myp(uyp) mtHfSk; fUjj; jiyg;gl;lhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ NghH cr;rf; fl;lj;ij mile;J nfhz;bUe;jJ. K];ypk;fspd; njhz;ilf; Fopfs;

K];ypk;fshNyNa mWf;fg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. E}w;Wf;fzf;fhNdhH ,U gf;fKk; tPo;e;JglyhdhHfs;. jy;`h

(uyp) mtHfSk; Nghhpy; %o;fpg; NghdhH. RigH (uyp) mtHfs; NghH Kfhik tpl;Lk; ntspNawp tpl;lhH. Map\h

(uyp) mtHfs; Kf;fpa giltPuHfs; fise;J tpl;lhHfs;. MdhYk;> Map\h (uyp) mtHfs; mkHe;jpUe;j

xl;lfj;ijr; Rw;wpYk; fLikahd NghH ele;J nfhz;bUe;jJ. xl;lfj;jpd; KJfpy; mikf;fg;gl;bUe;;j `t;jh

vd;w $lhuj;jpy; mkHe;J nfhz;Nl gilfSf;Ff; fl;lis gpwg;gpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhH Map\h (uyp) mtHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; kidtp vd;w gphpaj;jpd; fhuzkhf> kpfg; nghpa FOnthd;W mw;gzpg;Gld; NghH

nra;J nfhz;bUe;jJ. Map\h (uyp) mtHfisr; Rke;J nfhz;bUe;j xl;lfj;jpd; fbthisj;ijg; gpbj;Jf;

nfhz;bUe;jtHfs; xUtH gpd; xUtuhf vOgJ egHfs; jq;fsJ ,d;Dapiu ,oe;jhHfs;.

NghHf;fsf; fhl;rpfisg; ghHitapl;l myP (uyp) mtHfspd; ,jaj;jpy; ,uj;jk; gPwpl;L XbaJ. typahy; Jbf;f

Muk;gpj;jJ. ve;jnthU fhuzKkpy;yhky; K];ypk;fsJ capHfs; mepahakhff; nfhs;isaplg;gl;Lf;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;wNj vd;W Ntjidg;glyhdhHfs;. ,Wjpahf> jdf;F neUf;fkhdnjhU Njhoiu mioj;j myp

(uyp) mtHfs;> Map\h (uyp) mtHfisr; Rke;J nfhz;bUe;j xl;lfj;jpd; gpd;dq;fhiyj; jhpj;J tpLk;gbf;

$wpdhHfs;. mtH mt;thNw nra;jhH. me;j xl;lfk; epw;f ,ayhky; jdJ Kd;dq;fhiy Cz;wpf; nfhz;L

jiuapy; cl;fhu Muk;gpj;jJ> Map\h (uyp) mtHfs; mkHe;jpUe;j me;j `t;jh vd;w $lhuKk; fPopwq;fpaJ.

mj;Jld;> NghUk; KbTf;F te;jJ.

Map\h (uyp) mtHfisf; fz;zpaj;Jld; `t;jh vd;w $lhuj;ij tpl;Lk; ,wf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. mtHfSf;F ve;jf;

fhaKk; gltpy;iy. Map\h (uyp) mtHfis neUq;fpa myp (uyp) mtHfs;> md;idatHfNs..! ePq;fs; vg;gb

,Uf;fpd;wPHfs;..! cq;fSf;F xd;Wkpy;Na..! vd;whHfs;.

vdf;Fk; ve;j mrk;ghtpjKk; elf;ftpy;iy> ehd; eykhfNt ,Uf;fpd;Nwd;..! vd;whHfs;. ''my;yh`; cq;fsJ

ghtq;fis kd;dpf;fl;Lk;"" vd;whHfs; Map\h (uyp) mtHfs;.

''my;yh`; cq;fsJ ghtq;fisAk; kd;dpf;fl;Lk;"" vd;W kWnkhop gfHe;jhHfs; myp (uyp) mtHfs;.

,g;nghOJ myp (uyp) mtHfs; Nghf;fsj;ijr; rw;W Rw;wpg; ghHf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd;

Kfhkpy; NjhNshL Njhs; epd;W nfhz;bUe;j vz;zpylq;fh NjhoHfs;> xd;Wkpy;yhj fhuzj;jpw;fhfj; jq;fsJ

,d;DapHfis ePj;jtHfshf me;j NghHf;fsj;jpd; GOjp kzypy; fplj;jg;gl;bUe;jhHfs;. ,tHfs; midtUk;

,];yhk; <d;nwLj;j cd;djg; Gjy;tHfsy;yth..! vd;W jdf;Fj; jhNd $wpf; nfhz;L te;j myp (uyp)

mtHfsJ ,jak; fdf;f Muk;gpj;jJ> mq;F ,uj;jk; frpe;Njhl Muk;gpj;jJ. ftiyahy; myp (uyp) mtHfs;

NrhHe;J jhd; NghdhHfs;. ,d;Dk; NghHf;fsj;jpy; fplf;fpd;w fdPkj;Jg; nghUl;fs; vjidAk; nrhe;jkhf;fpf;

nfhs;s Ntz;lhk; vd;Wk;> mit midj;ijAk; xUq;fpizj;J g\uh kf;fis mioj;J> mtutH nghUl;fis

vLj;Jf; nfhz;L nry;YkhW $wp tpl;lhHfs;.

NghHf;fsj;ij tpl;Lk; Xba RigH (uyp) mtHfs;> ,g;nghOJ kf;fhit Nehf;fpg; gazkhfpf; nfhz;bUe;jhH.

gazj;jpd; ,ilapy; xU gs;sj;jhf;fpy; njhOtjw;fhf jdJ gazj;ij RigH (uyp) mtHfs;

,ilepWj;jpdhHfs;. njhOifapy; jdJ KOf;ftdj;ijAk; nrYj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ> mk;H gpd; [H%];

vd;gtH RigH (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyiaf; nfha;J tpl;lhH. mtiuf; nfhiy nra;jNjhL epy;yhky;> RigH (uyp)

mtHfspd; ifiaf; nfha;J> myp (uyp) mtHfsplk; nfhz;L te;jhH. myp (uyp) mtHfspd; vjphpahd RigH (uyp)

mtHfisf; nfhiy nra;jjw;fhf fyP/gh mtHfs; jdf;Fr; rd;khdk; jUthH vd;W mtH vjpHghHj;jhHfs;.

Mdhy;> myp (uyp) mtHfsplkpUe;J fLikahd tirfisj;jhd; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Kbe;jJ mtuhy;. ,e;jf;

iffSf;Fr; nrhe;jf;fhuH> gyKiw ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; Kfhkpy; ,Ue;J vjphpfSf;F vjpuhf ths;

gpbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jij ehd; ghHj;jpUf;fpd;Nwd; vd;W $wpa myp (uyp) mtHfs;> nfhiyfhuHfSf;F eufNk

rpj;jkhfl;Lk; vd;W fj;jpdhHfs;.

rpwpJ ehl;fis g\uhtpNyNa fopj;j gpd; Map\h (uyp) mtHfis gj;jpukhf kjPdhtpw;F mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;>

myp (uyp) mtHfs;. mtUld;> mtUila jk;gpahd K`k;kJ mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfisAk; Jizf;F mDg;gp

itj;jhHfs;. Map\h (uyp) mtHfs; kjPdhtpw;Fg; Gwg;gl;l ,Ue;j epiyapy;> mtHfsJ xl;lfj;ijr; Rw;wpYk;

Page 177: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

gyH $b epd;whHfs;. mg;nghOJ mtHfis Nehf;fp> vd;dUikf; Foe;ijfNs..! cq;fspy; xUtiu xUtH

Fw;wk; Rkj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;lhk;. ,iwtd; kPJ rj;jpakhf..! vdf;Fk; myp f;fFk; ,ilapy; ve;jtpj

Kd;tpNuhjKk; ,y;iy. mJ xU FLk;gk; gpur;id Nghd;wjJ jhd;. myp xU ey;y kdpjH vd;gij ehdwpNtd;

vd;whHfs;.

md;idatHfs; nrhd;dJ kpfr; rhpahdJ vd;W gjpYiuj;j myp (uyp) mtHfs;> vq;fSf;Fs; ,Uf;Fk; gpur;id

vy;yhk; FLk;gg; gpur;id Nghd;wJ jhd;. md;idatHfs; ,iwek;gpf;ifahsHfspy; vy;yhk; kpfr; rpwe;j

cd;djkhd ,lj;ijf; ifg;gw;wpf; nfhz;bUg;gtHfs;. ,e;j cyfpYk; kW cyfpYk;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfspd; kidtp vd;d cd;djhd me;j];jpw;Fr; nrhe;jkhdtHfs; mtHfs;.

Map\h (uyp) mtHfs; gazg;gl> mtHfis gy iky; J}uk; gpd;njhlHe;J nrd;W topaDg;gp tpl;L te;jhHfs;

myp (uyp) mtHfs;.

,g;nghOJ myp (uyp) mtHfs; g\uhtpy; rl;l xOq;if epiyehl;Lk; Kaw;rpapy; ftdk; nrYj;jyhdhHfs;. rw;W

Kd; ,e;j efuk; jhd; myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhf MAjNke;jp epd;wJ. ,Ug;gpDk;> midtUf;Fk;

nghJkd;dpg;ig myp (uyp) mtHfs; toq;fpdhHfs;. mjd;gpd; gs;spthrypy; xd;W $ba kf;fisg; ghHj;J

czHr;rpg;G+Htkhf ciuahw;wpa myp (uyp) mtHfs;> ,iwtDf;F ePq;fs; nra;a Ntz;ba flikfspy; fz;Zk;

fUj;Jkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W kf;fSf;F mwpTiu gfHe;jhHfs;. jdf;F tpRthrkhf ele;J nfhs;s

Ntz;Lk; vd;w mbg;gilapy; kf;fsplk; thf;FWjp thq;fpf; nfhz;l myp (uyp) mtHfs; mg;Jy;yh gpd; mg;gh];

(uyp) mtHfis g\uhtpd; ftHduhf epakpj;jhHfs;.

g\uh efuk; myp (uyp) mtHfs; trk; tPoe;j nghOJ> rpy gD} cika;ahf; Nfhj;jpuj;jpd; kpfg; nghpa kdpjHfs;

mq;F ,Ue;jhHfs;. mtHfspy; FWfpa Nehf;fq;fSf;Fr; nrhe;jf; fhuuhd kHthd; vd;gtUk; ,Ue;jhH. mtH

g\uhtpy; xspe;J kiwe;jpUe;jhH. midtUf;Fk; nghJ kd;dpg;G toq;fpaJ Nghy> myp (uyp) mtHfs;

kHthDf;Fk; nghJkd;dpg;G toq;fpdhHfs;. ,e;j re;jHg;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;l kHthd;> mq;fpUe;J

rphpahtpw;Fg; gazkhfp> KMtpah (uyp) Tld; ,ize;J nfhz;lhH.

myp (uyp) MSifapd; fPo; g\uh – ey;ylf;fg;gzp

NghUf;Fg; gpd;> NghH ele;j fsj;ij myp (uyp) mtHs; ghHitapl;lhHfs;. me;jg; gFjpNa ,uj;jf; fskhf

kdpjHfspd; vYk;Gfs; epiwe;j Fg;igf; $ykhff; fhl;rpaspj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. mt;thW jq;fsJ ,d;Dapiu

,oe;J fple;j vz;zw;NwhHfspd; Kfq;fs; myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F kpfTk; ghpr;rpakhdtHfSk; ,Ue;jhHfs;>

mtHfisg; ghHj;j myp (uyp) mtHfspd; cs;sk; FKw Muk;gpj;jJ. mtHfspy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd;

NjhNshL Njhs; epd;w kpfTk; neUq;fpa NjhoHfspd; cly;fSk; mq;F fhzf; fple;jd. ,e;jg; Nghhpd;

fhuzkhfj; jhNd ,tHfsJ capHfs; mepahakhfg; gop thq;fg;gl;L tpl;ld>,dp ,J Nghd;w NghHfspy; fye;J

nfhs;sf; $lhJ vd;W KbT nra;J nfhz;lhH.

vd;d Ntjid..! K];ypk;fNs.. K];ypk;fNs njhz;ilf; Fopia vt;thW mWf;f Kbe;jJ.. myp (uyp)

mtHfisg; Nghy NghHf;fsf; fhl;rpiag; ghHj;J tpl;L kdk; FKwpatHfs; NtW ahUk; ,Uf;f KbahJ.

vg;nghOJ NghUf;fhd Maj;jk; Jtq;fpaNjh md;wpypUe;J ,U jug;gpypUe;Jk; frg;ghd vz;zq;fs; Njhd;w

Muk;gpj;J tpl;ld. Mdhy; ,g;nghOJ jq;fsJ ,d;Dapiu ,oe;J fplf;Fk; ,tHfSf;Fs; VjhtJ Ntw;Wik

njhpfpd;wjh? ,y;iyNa..! ve;jg; gpzf;FfSk; ,y;yhky; xUtH kPJ xUtH rha;e;J fplf;fpd;whHfNs..! myp

(uyp) mtHfspd; cs;sk; vhpkiyaha; FKw Muk;gpj;jJ.

myp (uyp) mtHfs; ,U gf;fq;fspypUe;Jk; ,we;jtHfspd; mlf;fj;jpw;F Vw;ghL nra;jhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ

NghHf;fsj;ijr; Rw;wpYk; gy ty;Y}Wfs; gwe;J jphpa Muk;gpj;jd> mt;thW CLWtpa xU ty;Y}W xUtuJ if

vYk;igf; ft;tpf; nfhz;L nrd;wJ. mjidf; ft;tpf; nfhz;L kjPdhtpw;Fr; nrd;W> mq;Nf Nghl;L tpl;;lJ.

me;j vYk;gpd; tpuypy; mzptpf;fg;gl;bUe;j Nkhjpuj;ij itj;J> me;jf; iff;Fr; nrhe;jf;fhuH mg;JH u`;khd;

gpd; mjhg; (uyp) vd;w gpugy egpj;NjhoH vd;wwpag;gl;lJ. myp (uyp) mtHfs; ntw;wpia ngw;W tpl;Nlhk; vd;w

re;Njh\j;jpy kpjf;ftpy;iy. khwhf> %d;W ehl;fs; Jf;fk; mD\;bf;FkhW jdJNjhoHfisf; Nfl;Lf;

nfhz;lhH. ,e;j %d;W ehl;fSk; ,we;jtHfspd; cly;fis mlf;Ftjw;fhfNt fope;jJ.

NghUf;Fg; gpd; g\uh kf;fspd; epiy

myp (uyp) mtHfspd; MjuthsHfs; rpyH myp (uyp) mtHfsplk; te;J> Njhy;tpiaj; jOtpa g\uh kf;fis

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mbikfshf Mf;fp> ntw;wp ngw;wtHfSf;F gq;fpl;Lf; nfhLq;fs; vd;whHfs;. ,J 'jhU]; ]yhk;" - ,];yhkpa

Ml;rpg; G+kpahFk;> ,q;F K];ypk;fNs K];ypk;fis mbikfshf;fp itj;jpUg;gij vd;dhy; mDkjpf;f KbahJ

vd;W mtHfis Nfhhpf;ifia kWj;J tpl;lhHfs;. rhp.. mtHfis mbikfshfj; jutpy;iy vd;why;> mtHfsJ

nrhj;Jf;fisahtJ 'fdPkj;" nghUl;fshf vq;fSf;Fg; gq;fpl;Lf; nfhLq;fs; vd;whHfs;. ,e;jf;

Nfhhpf;ifiaAk; myp (uyp) mtHfs; kWj;J tpl;lhHfs;.

NghHf;fsj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;L tug;gLk; nghUl;fis Ntz;Lnkd;why; 'fdPkj;" nghUl;fshf fzf;fpl;Lf; nfhs;s

KbAk;. Mdhy; NghHf;fsj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;L tug;glhky; tPl;by; itj;jpUf;ff; $ba nghUl;fspd; kPJ

ifitg;gjw;F ahUf;Fk; chpikapy;iy vd;W me;jf; Nfhhpf;ifiaAk; mDkjpf;f kWj;J tpl;lhHfs;.

myp (uyp) MSifapd; fPo; g\uh

%d;W ehl;fs; Jf;fk; mD\;bf;fg;gl;ljd; gpd;G> myp (uyp) mtHfs; g\uh efuj;jpw;Fs; Eioe;J> mjidf;

ifg;gw;wpf; nfhz;lhHfs;. g\uh kf;fs; midtUf;Fk; nghJ kd;dpg;G toq;fg;gl;ljhf mwptpj;j myp (uyp)

mtHfs;> mk; kf;fs; midtiuAk; gs;spthrypy; xd;W $Lk;gb Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;. kf;fs; midtUk; xd;W

$bajd; gpd;G> mtHfspilNa myp (uyp) mtHfs; ciuahw;w Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

ele;J tpl;l nfh^ukhd rk;gtj;jpid vz;zp> vdJ ,jaj;jpy; ,uj;jk; frpe;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ> ,jw;F

cq;fisj; jhd; ehd; Fw;wk; Rkj;j KbAk;.

Vnddpy;> g\uh kf;fs; myp (uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;rpia Vw;Wf; nfhz;ljhf Kd;G thf;fspj;J tpl;;ljd; gpd;dH>

jtwhd Kiwapy; topelj;jg;gl;ljd; tpisthf jq;fsJ rj;jpaq;fis Kwpj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; epiyf;F

Mshf;fg;gl;lNjhL> ve;jtpj Nehf;fKkpd;wp mtHfs; jq;fsJ thf;Ffis kPw Ntz;ba fl;lhaj;jpw;Fk;

Mshf;fg;gl;L tpl;lhHfs;. Gdpjkhd Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf thf;fspj;J tpl;L> mjid kPwyhfhJ.

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;rpapYk;> gpd;G mtHfsJ gLnfhiyapd; nghOJ eilngw;w rk;gtq;fisAk;

kf;fSf;F kpf ePz;l mstpy; vLj;Jf; $wp tpl;L> jhd; ve;jr; #o;epiyapy; Ml;rpj; jiytuhfj;

NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;Nld; vd;gJ Fwpj;Jk; me;j kf;fSf;F myp (uyp) mtHfs; tpsf;fkspj;jhHfs;.

gpd;dH> ehd; Ml;rpj; jiytuhf Mtjw;fhf vd;dplk; Kjd;Kjyhf igmj; vd;w thf;FWjpia toq;fpatHfshf

jy;`hTk;> RigUk; ,Ue;jhHfs;> mjidg; NghyNt thf;fpid Kwpj;Jf; nfhz;ltHfspYk; mtHfs; jhd;

Kjyplk; tfpj;jhHfs;. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyf;fhf ehq;fs; tQ;rk; jPHf;fg; Nghfpd;Nwhk; vd;W

fsj;jpy; ,wq;fpa mtHfsJ gzpahdJ> ve;jtpj Nehf;fKkpy;yhj rpy Ntz;lj;jfhj tpisTfis kl;LNk

me;j Nehf;fk; rk;ghjpj;Jf; nfhs;s Kbe;jpUf;fpd;wJ.

Map\h (uyp) mtHfisg; nghWj;jtiu> mtHfs; fz;zpaj;jpw;Fk;> khpahijf;Fk; chpatHfshf ,Uf;fpd;whHfs;.

vdf;Fk; mtHfSf;Fkpilapy; kpfr; rpwpa msT jhd; fUj;JNtWghL ,Ue;jJ> me;jf; fUj;JNtWghL $l

MAjk; J}f;fpg; NghuhLk; msTf;F kpfg; nghpanjhU ghuJ}ukhdJk; $l fpilahJ. ngz; vd;w epiyapy;>

,d;Dk; mtHfSf;F ,Uf;fpd;w fz;zpak;> me;j];J Mfpatw;iwg; nghWj;J Nehf;Fkplj;J> MAjk; J}f;fp

NghuhLtjw;F ,];yhkpa rl;lq;fs; mDkjpg;gjpy;iy> ngz;fs; mtHfSf;F cfe;j fz;zpakhd ,Ug;gplk; tPL

jhd;> ,J Fwpj;J jdJ kidtpkhHfis ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; vr;rhpj;jpUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;gJk;

Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ vd;Wk; myp (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ ciuapy; Fwpg;gpl;lhHfs;.

,e;jf; fytuj;jpy; jq;fsJ fuj;jpdpy; MAjq;fisj; J}f;fpg; NghuhbatHfs;> jtwhf topelj;jg;gl;L

tpl;lhHfs;. mt;thW jtwhd topapy; top elj;jg;gl;ljd; tpisthf> K];ypk; ck;kj; ghjpg;gpw;Fs;shfp cs;sJ>

me;jg; ghjpg;G Vw;gLj;jp ,Uf;Fk; NtjidfSk;> mjd; mopTfSk; vd;id kpfTk; ghjpg;gpw;Fs;shf;fp tpl;ld>

vd;idtpl mjpfk; ftiyf;FshdtHfs; ,q;F ahUk; ,Uf;f KbahJ vd;W nrhy;Yk; msTf;F vd;id kpfTk;

ghjpj;Js;sJ. ,g;nghOJ g\uh efuNk ,uj;j nts;sj;jpy; fplf;fpd;wJ. cq;fsJ efuj;jpd; epiyapid

vz;zp> vdJ ,jak; ,uj;jj;jhy; frpe;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. vdNt> ,e;j g\uh efuj;jpw;F nghJkd;dpg;ig

toq;fp tpl;Nld;> gioaditfis kd;dpg;Nghk;..> kwg;Nghk;> cq;fs; kPJ fz;zpakhd Kiwapy; ele;J

nfhs;Nthk; vd;W thf;FWjp mspf;fpd;Nwd; vd;W jdJ ciuia Kbj;j nghOJ> mq;fpUe;j kf;fsplk; myp

(uyp) mtHfsJ ciu kpf mjpfkhd jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jp ,Ue;jijf; fhz Kbe;jJ.

mg;nghOJ me;j ciuiaf; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;j g\uhtpd; Kf;fpa];jH xUtH vOe;J epd;W> ele;J tpl;l

jtWfSf;F tUj;jk; njhptpj;jNjhL> cq;fsJ Ml;rpapd; kPJ ehq;fs; ek;gpf;if nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;> fl;Lg;gl;L

Page 179: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

elg;Nghk; vd;W thf;FWjpAk; mspf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;whH. mjid mLj;J> g\uh efu kf;fs; midtUk; myp (uyp)

mtHfsplk; thf;FWjp mspj;jhHfs;. igmj; nra;J nfhz;lhHfs;. mg;nghOJ mq;F vOe;J epd;w xUtH> myp

(uyp) mtHfNs..! cq;fis vjpHj;Jg; Nghhpl;L capH Jwe;Njhiu \`Pj; fs; $wyhkh vd;whH. mjw;F>

K];ypk;fs; vd;w epiyapy; mtHfs; ve;jg; gf;fk; epd;W Nghhpl;L capH Jwe;jpUe;jhYk;> mtHfs; Nghuhba

Nehf;fj;jpw;Ff; $ypahf \`Pj; vd;w me;j];Jld; ,we;jtHfshfNt mtHfs; fzpf;fg;gLthHfs; vd;W gjpy;

$wpdhHfs;. mjd; gpd; myp (uyp) mtHfs; njhOifia ,khkhf Kd;dpd;W elj;jpdhHfs;> Xuzpapy; ,g;nghOJ

jpuz;L epd;W nfhz;bUe;j me;j kf;fspd; kPJ ,iwtdpd; fUiz #o;e;J nfhz;lJ.

g\uhtpd; epHthfj;jpidf; ftdpg;gjw;fhfntd rpy Njitahd Kd;Ndw;ghLfis myp (uyp) mtHfs; nra;a

Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. igj;Jy; khiy jdJ iftrk; itj;Jf; nfhz;L> jq;fsJ gphpaj;jpw;FhpatHfis ,oe;J

jtpf;Fk; kf;fSf;F gpujpaPlhf cjtpfis toq;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. fhakile;jtHfSf;F chpa rpfpr;iria

mspf;f Vw;ghL nra;jhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ myp (uyp) mtHfis vjpHg;gjpy; Kd;dzpapy; ,Ue;j rpyH g\uhtpy;

,Ue;J jg;gpj;Jr; nrd;W mUfpy; cs;s ghiytdf; FOf;fsplk; milf;fyk; Njbf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

mtHfSf;Fk; nghJkd;dpg;G toq;fpa myp (uyp) mtHfs;> mt;thW nrd;wtHfs; jhuhskhf jq;fsJ

,y;yq;fSf;Fj; jpUk;gp tu mDkjpg;gNjhL> mtHfs; kPJ ve;jeltbf;ifAk; vLf;fg;gl khl;lhJ vd;W cWjp

mspf;fpd;Nwd; vd;Wk; cWjp mspj;jhHfs;.

Map\h (uyp)

NghH je;j kdcisr;ry;> Njhy;tp> kw;Wk; jdJ Nehf;fk; epiwNtwhjJ> ,jid tpl jdf;F kpf

neUf;fkhdtHfs; gyiu ,oe;jJ Mfpa midj;Jk; Map\h (uyp) mtHfis ftiyAwr; nra;jJ. ,Ug;gpDk;

ijhpakhf Kd;dpd;W fsj;ijr; re;jpj;jpUe;j mtH> ele;J tpl;l epfo;Tfis vz;zp vz;zp ,uTk; gfYk;

mOjjd; tpisT> md;idatHfs; Neha;tha;g;gl;lhHfs;. myp (uyp) mtHfs; md;idatHfis mbf;fb re;jpj;J>

MWjy; $wp te;jhHfs;. mtHfSf;F Njitahd mbg;gil trjpfis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLg;gjpYk;> mtHfisf;

ftdpj;Jf; nfhs;tjpYk; jdpf;ftdk; nrYj;jpdhHfs;. nfhy;yg;gl;l Map\h (uyp) mtHfspd; xl;lfj;jpw;Fg;

gfukhf g\uhtpd; kpfr; rpwe;j xl;lfk; xd;iw thq;fp> m\;jH vd;w jiytuhy; Map\h (uyp) mtHfSf;F

ghprspf;fg;gl;lJ. ,d;iwf;F K];ypk; ck;kj; ,e;j mty epiyiar; re;jpj;jjw;F cd;Nghd;w jiytHfs; jhd;

fhuzk; vd;W $wp> mjid thq;fpf; nfhs;s Map\h (uyp) mtHfs; kWj;J tpl;lhHfs;. Map\h (uyp) mtHfs;

Nehapd; gpbapypUe;J kPz;L> cly; eyk; Njwpa gpd;dH jhd; kjPdhTf;Fg; gazg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W

tpUk;gpdhHfs;. mtHfsJ gazj;jpw;Fj; Njitahd midj;ijAk; myp (uyp) mtHfs; Kd;dpd;W nra;jhHfs;.

,d;Dk; mtHfSld; Jizf;fhf xU ngz;fspd; FOTk; kjPdhtpw;Fr; nrd;wJ. K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH (uyp)>

Map\h (uyp) mtHfspd; rNfhjuiu ghJfhg;gpw;F epakpj;J> md;idatHfSld; kjPdhtpw;F mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;

myp (uyp) mtHfs;.

,Wjpahf> g\uhtpd; vy;iyg; Gwk; tiu te;J md;idatHfis topaDg;gp itj;j myp(uyp) mtHfs;>

md;idatHfNs..! ,dp ehk; ,UtUk; re;jpj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; tha;g;G fpilf;FNkh my;yJ fpilf;fhNjh vd;gij

ehkwpa khl;Nlhk;. jaTnra;J ele;J Kbe;j midj;ijAk; kwe;J tpLq;fs;> kd;dpj;J tpLq;fs; vd;W Nfl;Lf;

nfhz;lhHfs;. myp (uyp) mtHfspd; ey;nyz;zj;ijg; Ghpe;J nfhz;l Map\h (uyp) mtHfs;> el;Gld;

gphpahtpil ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. kjPdhitr; nrd;wile;jJ Kjy;> Map\h (uyp) mtHfs; nghJg; gpur;idfspy;

<LgLtjpypUe;J xJq;fpf; nfhz;lhHfs;. jtpu> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; egpnkhopfis kf;fSf;Ff; fw;Wf;

nfhLj;jy; Nghd;w fy;tpg; gzpfspy; ftdk; nrYj;j Muk;gpj;J tpl;lhHfs;.

ntw;wpAk; tpisTfSk;

xl;lf Aj;jj;jpy; myp (uyp) mtHfNs ntw;wp ngw;whHfs;. ,e;j ntw;wpapd; %ykhf midj;J ,];yhkpa

rhk;uh[;aq;fspy; rphpahitj; jtpu kw;w midj;Jk;> myp (uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;rpapd; fPo; te;jJ. g\uhtpd;

ntw;wpapd; %ykhf rphpahitAk; ntw;wp ngWtJ vd;gJ ,aYkhd xd;Nw vdpDk;> mjw;fhd eltbf;iffs;

vLf;fg;gltpy;iy. g\uhtpd; ntw;wpahdJ> mLj;jLj;j eltbf;iffSf;fhd ntw;wpapd; mbj;jskhf

mikatpy;iy. g\uhtpd; ntw;wpapidg; gw;wp ngUkpjg;gLk; msTf;F me;j ntw;wp mikatpy;iy. me;j

ntw;wpf;fhff; nfhLf;fg;gl;l tpiy kpfTk; mjpfkhf ,Ue;jJ. xt;nthU FLk;gj;jpYk; jq;fsJ cWg;gpdHfspy;

vtuhtJ xUtiu ,oe;j Nrhfj;jpy; ,Ue;jhHfs;. ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> mtHfs; myp (uyp) mtHfsplk; igmj;

Page 180: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

vd;w cWjpg;gpukhzk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;l NghjpYk;> mtHfs; mjpy; re;Njh\g;gltpy;iy. nghJthf>

mtHfSf;fpilNa fUj;J Ngjq;fSk;> gphptpidfSk; mt;tg;nghOJ jiyJ}f;fp te;J nfhz;bUe;jd. mjhtJ>

nghJthfg; ghHf;fg; Nghdhy;> myp (uyp) mtHfisg; nghWj;jtiu mtuJ gjtpf;F jw;Nghijf;F Mgj;jpy;yhj>

];jpukhdnjhU #o;epiy cUthfp ,Ue;jJ jhd; mg;Nghijf;Ff; fpilj;j ntw;wpahFk;. ,Ug;gpDk;> mtUf;F

mq;Fk; ,q;Fk; vd rpyH vjpHg;Gj; njhptpj;j tz;zk; ,Uf;fNt nra;jhHfs;. g\uhtpd; ntw;wp KOikahd

khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;jtpy;iy vd;Nw nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;. g\uhtpYk; mjidr; Rw;wpAs;s gFjpfspYk; mikjp Vw;gl

Ntz;Lnkd;why;> myp (uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;rpAk; ];jpukhdjhf mika Ntz;Lk;> mjd; %yNk mikjp Vw;gl

KbAk; vd;W jy;`h (uyp) mtHfSk;> RigH (uyp) mtHfSk; myp (uyp) mtHfsplk; fUj;Jj;

njhptpj;jpUe;jhHfs;. Mdhy;> jy;`h (uyp)> kw;Wk; RigH (uyp) MfpNahhpd; kuzk;> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;F

rhjfkhnjhU #o;epiyia Vw;gLj;jpapUe;jJ. Nkw;fz;l ,UtUk; capNuhL ,Ue;jpUf;Fk;gl;rj;jpy;> KMtpah

(uyp) mtHfs; %d;W vjphpfSf;F..> mjhtJ myp (uyp)> jy;`h (uyp)> kw;Wk; RigH (uyp) Mfpa %tUf;F

Kfk; nfhLf;f Ntz;bajpUe;jpUf;Fk;. g\uh NghUf;Fk; gpd; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; myp (uyp) mtHfis

kl;LNk vjphp vd;w epiy ,Ue;jjhy;> ,JNt KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;F rhjfkhdjhf mike;J tpl;lJ.

,g;nghOjpypUe;J KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;Fk; myp (uyp) mtHfSf;FkpilNa kiwKf Aj;jk; Muk;gkhdJ.

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhf MAjk; Ve;jhjpUg;gJ> kf;fshy; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;lnjhU muRf;F Vw;wnjhU

nraYky;y> mJ murpd; gytPdj;ijj;jhd; kf;fs; kj;jpapy; ntspg;gLj;Jk; vd;gijAk; myp(uyp) mtHfs;

czHe;jpUe;jhHfs;. ,];yhkpa Ml;rpj; jiyikia jpwk;gl elj;j Ntz;Lnkd;why;> MAj gyj;ijg;

gpuNahfpj;Njahf Ntz;Lk; vd;w epiyAk; ,Ue;jJ. g\uhtpd; kf;fs; myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhf MAjg;

Nghuhl;lk; nra;a ,aYnkdpy;> rphpah kf;fs; vdf;nfjpuhf Vd; jpus KbahJ vd;Wk; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;

rpe;jpf;fyhdhH.

,d;Dk;> g\uhtpd; ntw;wpahdJ myp (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ Ml;rpia vspjhf elj;Jtjw;Ff; fpilj;j gykhf

,Ue;jpUf;Fnkd;why;> mJ KO ntw;wpahf mike;jpUf;Fk;. Mdhy;> fhyk; neLfpYk;> jpdk; jpdk; mJ myp

(uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikapd; fPopaq;ff; $ba muir gytPdg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jJ. ntw;wpf;Fg; gpd;

kf;fspy; mNefH myp (uyp) mtHfspd; gf;fk; rha;e;jdH vd;whYk;> mtHfspd; ,e;j xU gf;fr; rhHGf;Fk; xU

Nehf;fkpUe;jJ. myp (uyp) mtHfs; Njhy;tpiaj; jOtpa kf;fspd; nrhj;J Rfq;fisr; #iwahbf; nfhs;tjw;F

jq;fSf;F mDkjp toq;ff; $Lk; vd;W mtHfs; vjpHghHj;jNj fhuzkhFk;. Mdhy;> myp (uyp) mtHfNsh>

,t;thW K];ypk;fNs K];ypk;fspd; nrhj;Jf;fisr; #iwahbf; nfhs;tjw;F mDkjpaspf;ftpy;iy. ,jd;

fhuzkhf vOe;j fUj;JNtWghLfs;..> ,dp myp (uyp) mtHfspd; gf;fk; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUe;jhy; jq;fSf;F

ve;j MjhaKk; fpilf;fhJ vd;W KbTf;F mtHfisj; js;spaJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;F

vjpuhd NghH jahhpg;gpw;F kf;fs; Kd; te;J myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F MjuTk; jutpy;iy> mtuJ gilapYk;

,iza tpUg;gk; nfhs;stpy;iy. ,jd; fhuzkhf KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhd giliaj; jpul;Ltjpy;

myp (uyp) mtHfs; kpFe;j rpukq;fisr; re;jpj;jhHfs;.

myp (uyp) mtHfs; tpUk;gj;jpw;F khwhf Fog;gf;fhuHfs; g\uh Aj;jj;jpid elj;jp Kbj;jpUe;jhHfs;. g\uhtpd;

ntw;wp Fog;gf;fhuHfspd;gyj;ij mjpfhpj;jpUe;jJ. ,J myp (uyp) mtHfs; ntw;wp ngWtjw;Fk; fhuzkhf

mike;jJ. g\uhtpy; ,Ue;j mNef Fog;gf;fhuHfis Map\h (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikapy; mike;j gil gyp

thq;fpapUe;jJ. ,e;j epfo;thdJ> KMtpah kw;Wk; myp (uyp) mtHfspd; vjphpfSf;F myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F

vjpuhf Fw;wr;rhl;LfSf;Ff; fhuzkhf mike;jNjhly;yhky;> myp (uyp) mtHfs; Ml;rpg; nghWg;gpw;F te;jjd;

gpd;dhs;> Fog;gf;fhuHfSf;F vjpuhf eltbf;if vLg;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf mtHfisg; ghJfhj;jjd; fhuzkhf

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyf;Fk; myp (uyp) mtHfSf;Fk; Vd; rk;ge;jkpUf;ff; $lhJ vd;w vz;z

Xl;lj;ijAk; mtHfspilNa tpijj;J tpl;lJ.

NghH Jtq;Ftjw;F Kd;ghf ele;j rkhjhdf; $l;lj;jpy;> g\uhtpd; fytuf;fhuHfSf;F vjpuhf Map\h (uyp)

mtHfs; eltbf;if vLj;jJ Nghd;W $/ghtpd; fpsHr;rpf;fhuHfspd; kPJk; eltbf;if vLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W

myp (uyp) mtHfs; tpUk;gpdhHfs;. Mdhy;> mjidj; njhlHe;J eilngw;w gy;NtW epfo;Tfs; ,e;j

eltbf;ifia Nkw;nfhs;s ,ayhky; nra;J tpl;lJ. ,e;j kf;fs; ,aw;ifapNyNa NghHf;Fzk; nfhz;ltHfs;>

,JNt myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F kpfTk; jiyapbahfTk; mike;jJ. myp (uyp) mtHfs;jdJ xd;W tpl;l

rNfhjuuhd mg;Jy;yh ,g;D mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfis g\uhtpd; ftHduhf epakpj;j nghOJ> ,e;j kf;fs;

mjid jg;ggpg;uhaj;Jld; ghHf;f Muk;gpj;J> ''xt;nthU Ml;rpj; jiytUk; jq;fs; jq;fs; cwtpdHfis Ml;rpg;

Page 181: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

nghWg;gpy; epakpj;Jf; nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jhy;> gpd; vjw;fhf ehq;fs; cJkhd; mtHfisf; nfhiy nra;jpUf;f

Ntz;Lk;?"" vd;whHfs;. fhyk; nry;yr; nry;y ,e;jg; gpur;id tYtila Muk;gpj;jJ. fytuf;fhuHfs; rpwpJ

rpwpjhf kf;fs; kj;jpapy; nry;thf;Fg; ngw Muk;gpj;jhHfs;> mNjNeuj;jpy; myp (uyp) mtHfspd; nfsutk;>

fz;zpak;> kw;Wk; mthplkpUe;J rpwg;Gj; jifikfs; Mfpa midj;Jk; mthplk; ,Ue;Jk;> myp (uyp) mtHfNs

VJk; nra;aj; jpuhzpaw;w #o;epiyf; ifjpahf> fytuf;fhuHfspd; gpbapy; mfg;gl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;. g\uhtpy;

ele;j Aj;jkhdJ ,];yhkpa tuyhW neLfpYk; xUtpj Fog;g Nkfj;ij tpijj;J tpl;lJ. ,JNt>

K];ypk;fSf;fpilNa ele;j Kjy; cs;ehl;L Aj;jkhfTk; mike;Jtpl;lJ. jq;fSf;Fs; Kl;b Nkhjpf; nfhz;l

K];ypk;fs; ,Wjpapy;> ,];yhkpa Ml;rpapd; fPo; thOfpd;w #oiy tpl;L tpl;L> [dehafg; ghijf;F jq;fis

khw;wpf; nfhz;lhHfs;. mLj;j jiyKiwapy; epfo;e;j fHgyhg; gLnfhiyfSf;F Muk;gg; Gs;spia g\uh Aj;jNk

itj;Jf; nfhLj;jJ.

NkYk;> a]Pj; jd;Dila epiyg;ghl;il epahag;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; ,J fhuzkhf mike;J tpl;lJ. myp (uyp)

mtHfsplk; igmj; vd;w cWjpg;gpukhzj;ij g\uhtpd; mNefkhd kf;fs; vLj;jpUe;j epiyapy;> jd;Dila

Ml;rpg; nghWg;igj; jf;f itj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf this caHj;j KbAk; vd;wpUe;jhy;> Ml;rpiaAk;

mjpfhuj;ijAk; ngw;wpUe;j ehDk; vd;Dila Ml;rpg; nghWg;igj; jf;f itj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf ,khk;

`{i]d; (uyp) mtHfs; kPJ vLj;j eltbf;ifAk; epahakhdNj vd;whH.

$/gh> Gjpa jiyefH

g\uhtpd; ntw;wpf;Fg;gpwF myp (uyp)mtHfs; kjPdhtpw;Fr; nry;ytpy;iy. khwhf> $/ghit Nehf;fpg;

gazkhdhHfs;. g\uhtpw;F vjpuhf eltbf;if vLg;gjw;F Mjuthf $/ghtpd; cjtpiag; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;tjw;fhf myp(uyp) mtHfs; J}Jf; FO xd;iw mDg;gpa nghOJ> g\uhtpw;F vjpuhd eltbf;ifapy;

ntw;wp ngw;W tpl;lhy;> jdJ Ml;rpgPlj;jpd; jiyikaplkhf $/gh Mf;fpf; nfhs;tjhf thf;FWjpAk; mspj;jhH.

g\uhtpd; ntw;wpf;Fg; gpd;> myp (uyp) mtHfs; $/ghit jdJ jiyefuhf Mf;fpf; nfhz;lhHfs;. jy;`h

kw;Wk; RigH(uyp) MfpNahUf;F vjpuhf eltbf;if vLg;gjw;fhf> kjPdhit tpl;Lk; myp (uyp) mtHfs; fpsk;gpa

nghOJ>,dp ehk; kjpdhtpw;Fj; jpUk;gp tu khl;Nlhk; vd;w vz;zk; mthplk; ,Ue;jjpy;iy. g\uhtpd;

ntw;wpf;Fg; gpd;> ehk; Map\h (uyp)> RigH (uyp) jy;`h (uyp) MfpNahUf;F vjpuhd Nghhpy; ntw;wp ngw;wijg;

Nghy rphpahtpd; kPJ NghH njhLj;J KMtpahitAk; ntw;wp ngw;W tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W vz;zj; Jtq;fpdhH.

Mdhy;> mtuJ me;j vz;zj;jpw;F kjPdhtpypUe;J kpff; Fiwe;j MjuNt fpilj;jJ. kw;w efuq;fisf;

fhl;bYk;> kjPdj;J kf;fs; ,];yhkpa Md;kPf czHtpy; Nkk;gl;ltHfshf ,Ue;j fhuzj;jhy;>

K];ypk;fSf;fpilapy; cUthfp ,Uf;Fk; ,e;j mjpfhug; Nghl;bapy; ahH gf;fKk; rha;e;Jtplhky; - mjhtJ xU

gf;fr; rhHG epiyapy; nrd;W tplhky; ,Ug;gJ vd;w KbTf;F te;jdH. ,d;Dk;kjPdhtpy; mg;nghOJ tho;e;J

te;j rpy Kf;fpa egpj;NjhoHfs; gyH> myp (uyp) mtHfsplk; igmj; vd;w rj;jpag;gpukhzj;ijAk; vLj;Jf;

nfhs;s kWj;J tpl;ldH. eLepiyNahL ele;Jnfhs;tJ vd;w Kbtpy; mtHfs; ,Ue;jJ jhd; mjd;

fhuzkhFk;. vdNt> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSld; eilngwtpUf;fpd;w Aj;jj;jpw;F ve;j tifapy; kjPdh MjuT

juhJ vd;w KbTf;F te;jhHfs;.

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; gLnfhiy Md rkaj;jpy;> fytuf;fhuHfs; Gdpjkpf;f kjPdh efuj;jpd; Gdpjj;ijf;

nfLj;J tpl;lhHfs;. vdNt> kPz;Lk; xU murpay; Aj;jk; epfOkhdhy; ,d;Dk; kjPdh rPuopf;fg;gl;L tpLk; vd;W

fUjpajd; fhuzkhf> ,j;jifa rPuopTfspypUe;J kjpdh ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;why;> epr;rakhf

jiyefukhdJ kjPdhit tpl;Lk; NtW xU ,lj;jpy;jhd; mika Ntz;Lk; vd;W myp (uyp) mtHfs;

tpUk;gpdhHfs;. mjd; %yk; kjPdhtpd; fz;zpak; fhf;fg;gLk; vd;Wk; ek;gpdhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ g\uhTf;F vjpuhd NghUf;F Mjuthf $/ghtpypUe;J kpfg; ngUk; gil xd;Wk; jahuhfp tpl;lJ.

g\uhtpid ntw;wp nfhz;ljd; gpd;G>,d;Dk; mjpfkhd gilia $/ghtpypUe;J ngw;Wf; nfhz;L> KMtpahtpw;F

vjpuhff; fskpwq;fp tplyhk; vd;Wk; myp (uyp) mtHfs; jpl;lkpl;bUe;jhHfs;. Gtp,ay; mbg;gilapy; ,];yhkpa

rhk;uh[;aj;jpd; kj;jpa jskhf $/gh tpsq;fpaJ> ,jd; %yk; kjPdhtpypUe;J gilelj;jp tUtijf; fhl;bYk;

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Page 182: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; fhyj;jpy; mjhtJ Vohk; E}w;whz;bd; nghOJ cUthf;fg;gl;lJ jhd; $/gh efuk;.

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Page 183: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

me;jg; giliaf; nfhz;L xU Kw;Wifg; Nghiu rphpahtpd; kPJ njhLj;J KMtpah (uyp) mtHfis jdJ

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Page 184: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

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nfhz;L kjPdhtpypUe;J Gwg;gl;lhH.

vfpg;jpd; epytuk;

,e;jr; #o;epiyapy; vfpg;jpd; epytuk; kpfTk; Fog;gkhfNt ,Ue;jJ. if]; gpd; ]mj; mtHfspd; jpwik>kw;Wk;

ijhpakhd eltbf;iffspd; fhuzkhf> vfpg;jpy; jdJ Ml;rpg; nghWg;gpidj; jf;f itj;Jf; nfhs;tjpy; ntw;wp

ngw;whHfs;. gs;spthry;fspy; epfOk; xd;W $ly;fspy; myp (uyp) mtHfspd; ey;nyz;zr; nra;jpfis kf;fSf;F

mwptpj;jhH. myp (uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;rpf;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;L elg;Nghk; vd;w cWjp nkhopia kf;fsplk; ngw;Wf;

nfhz;lhH. ,g;nghOJ mjpfhuf; fl;bypy; mkHe;J> vfpg;jpd; gy ghfq;fSf;Fk; jd;Dila Ml;fis mDg;gp

Page 185: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

itj;J> me;j kf;fsplk; vy;yhk; thf;FWjpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhH. KO vfpg;J kf;fSk; myp (uyp)

mtHfSf;F Mjuht thf;FWjp mspj;jpUe;j NghjpYk;> ,uz;L gFjp kf;fs; kl;Lk; thf;FWjp mspf;f kWj;J

tpl;lhHfs;. /fHgjh vd;w gFjpia epHtfpj;J tUk; a]Pj; `hhpj; vd;gtUk;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd;

MjuthsUk;> cikahf;fspd; kPJk; ,d;Dk; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; kPJk; Ngud;G itj;jpUe;jtHfshd

K];ykh gpd; Kfy;yj; vd;gtuJ jiyikapy; ,Ue;j Nfhj;jpuj;jtHfSk; myp (uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;rpj;

jiyikf;F jq;fsJ thf;FWjpia mspf;f kWj;J tpl;ldH. if]; gpd; ]mj; mtHfspd; ngUKaw;rp kw;Wk;

rhJHaj;jpd; fhuzkhf> me;j ,U Nfhj;jpuj;jtHfsplKk; eLepiyahdnjhU xg;ge;jj;ijr; nra;J

nfhz;lhHfs;. mjhtJ me;j xg;ge;jj;jpd;gb> myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F igmj; vd;w thf;FWjp mspf;Fk;gb

tw;GWj;Jtjpy;iy vd;Wk;> mjw;Fg; gjpyhf ,tHfs; vfpg;jpd; muRf;F vjpuhfNth my;yJ myp (uyp) mtHfspd;

fyP/gh gjtpf;F vjpuhfNth nray;gLtjpy;iy vd;W xg;ge;jk; nra;J nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,e;j kf;fs; eLepiyg;

Nghf;NfhL ,Ug;gJ myp (uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;rpf;F rpwe;jJ vd;gjd; fhuzkhf> mtHfis tw;GWj;Jtjpy;iy

vd;w KbTf;F if]; mtHfs; te;jhHfs;.

KMtpah(uyp) mtHfspd; je;jpuk;

a]Pj; gpd; `hhpj; kw;Wk; kPah];ky; gpd; Kfy;yj; Mfpa ,UtiuAk; vfpg;J muRf;F vjpuhfj; jpUg;gp tpl

Ntz;Lk; vd;wpUe;jJ. Nkw;fz;l ,UthplKk; eLepiyahd xg;ge;jk; xd;iw if]; nra;J itj;jpUe;jjd;

fhuzkhf KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; je;jpuk; gypf;ftpy;iy. mjd; %yk; vfpg;jpy; jdJ ghjq;fis itf;f

,ayhky; Nghd KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; ,g;nghOJ if]; mtHfisNa jdJ tiyf;Fs; tPo;j;j Kaw;rp

nra;jhHfs;. jd;Dld; ,ize;J nfhs;SkhW if]; mtHfisf; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;l KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;>

mjw;Fg; gpujpaPlhf vfpg;jpd; epiyahd Ml;rpahsuhf if]; mtHfis Mf;Ftjw;F jhd; xj;Jiog;Gj; jUtjhff;

$wpdhH. ,jidf; Nfl;l if]; mtHfs; ntFz;nlOe;jNjhL> ve;jepiyapYk; jhd; myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F

MjuthsdhfNt ,Ug;gNd xopa> ve;j Nguj;jpw;Fk; jhd; gzpag; Nghtjpy;iy vd;W $wp tpl;lhH. jdJ ,e;jj;

je;jpuk; gypf;fhJ Nghdjhy;> ,d;ndhU je;jpu m];jpuj;ijf; ifapy; vLj;j KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;> ePq;fs;

myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F MjuT ey;FtJ vd;gJ cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyia Mjhpg;gjhfhjh vd;W

Nfl;lhH. ,e;jf; fUj;ij kWj;j if]; mtHfs;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyapd; nghOJ ehd;

kjPdhtpy; ,Ue;jtd; vd;w fhuzj;jpdhy; cq;fSf;Fr; nrhy;Yfpd;Nwd;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd;

gLnfhiyapy; myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F ve;jr; rk;ge;jKkpy;iy> mjid mtHfs; Mjhpf;fTkpy;iy> cq;fsJ

fUj;J jtwhdJ vd;W $wp tpl;lhHfs;.

if]; mtHfis jd;Dila tiyapy; tPo;j;Jtjpy; Njhy;tpaile;j KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;> ,g;nghOJ myp

(uyp) mtHfSf;Fk; if]; f;Fk; ,ilNa re;Njf vz;zq;fisj; J}tp tpl Muk;gpj;jhH. if]; mtHfs;

myp(uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhf fytuj;ijj; J}z;Ltjw;fhd rhpahd jUzj;ij vjpHghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whH

vd;gNj me;j re;NjfkhFk;. ,jw;F if]; jd;Dld; el;Gld; ,Ug;gijAk;> ,d;Dk; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd;

gLnfhiyf;F gopf;Fg; gop thq;fj; Jbj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; kf;fsplk; myp (uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;rpf;F Mjuthf

thf;FWjp thq;fhky; ,Ug;gijAk; fhuzkhfr; Rl;bf; fhl;bdhH.

,e;jf; fUj;jpid ikakhf itj;J KMtpahtpd; Ml;fs; $/ghtpy; tje;jpfisf; fpsg;gp tpl;lhHfs;. ,e;j

tje;jpfisr; nrtpkLj;j myp (uyp) mtHfsJ cs;sj;jpy; if]; mtHfspd; kPjhd ek;gpf;ifapd; kPJ rpwpJ

Xl;il tpo Muk;gpj;jJ. ,jdpilNa K`k;kJ gpd; [h/gH kw;Wk; K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH Mfpa ,UtH myp

(uyp) mtHfsplk; te;J> ,J cz;ikah my;yth vd;gij if]; mtHfisg; ghpNrhjpj;J mwptJ jhd; rpwe;j

top vd;wdH. ,e;j tje;jpapy; cz;ik ,Uf;f tha;g;Gs;sJ vd;gij jhq;fs; ek;Gtjhff; $wp me;j ,UtUk;>

'cq;fsJ Ml;rpf;F Mjuthf thf;fspf;f kWj;Jtpl;l kf;fSf;F vjpuhf eltbf;if vLg;gij tpl;L tpl;L>

mtHfsplk; ,tH rkhjhd xg;ge;jk; nra;jpUg;gjpypUe;J cq;fSf;F tpsq;ftpy;iyah> mtH cq;fSf;F vjpuhf

VNjh rjpapy; <Lg;l;bUf;fpd;whH vd;W" vd;W jq;fsJ re;Njfj;ij cWjpg;gLj;j Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. if];

mtHfis ghpNrhjpj;Jg; ghHf;f tpUk;gpa myp (uyp) mtHfs;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyf;Fg; gfukhf

gopf;Fg; gop vLf;f cWjp nfhz;bUf;Fk; me;j ,U jiytHfisAk; ifJ nra;J jq;fsJ nghWg;gpy; itj;Jf;

nfhs;SkhW if]; mtHfSf;F myp (uyp) mtHfs; cj;ju tpl;lhHfs;.

me;j ,U jiytHfisAk; ifJ nra;tJ vd;gJ nghWj;jkhd nrayy;y vd;W myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F gjpy;

vOjp mDg;gpdhHfs;. mtHfs; eLepiyahd rkhjhd xg;ge;jk; nra;J nfhz;ljd; %ykhf> mtHfs; jq;fsJ

xg;ge;jj;jpw;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;ltHfshfp tpLfpd;whHfs;. me;j xg;ge;jj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; ehk; mtHfis thf;FWjp

Page 186: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

mspf;f fl;lhag;gLj;Jtjpy;iy> ,e;j epiyapy; mtHfs; nra;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; xg;ge;jj;ij typa te;J kPwhj

tiuf;Fk;> mtHfs; myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhfNth my;yJ cJkhd; (uyp)mtHfspd; gLnfhiyf;Fg; gfukhf

ve;j eltbf;iffspYk; ,wq;f khl;lhHfs;. ehd; ,g;nghOJ jhd; rpukg;gl;L rl;l xOq;if ,e;jg; gFjpfspy;

epiy ehl;b tUfpd;Nwd;> ,e;j epiyapy; ,e;j ,U jiytHfisAk; ifJ nra;jhy; ,e;jg; gFjpfspy; mikjp

FiytNjhL> rl;l xOq;Fk; rPH Fiye;J tpLk;. vfpg;J muR kPjhd ek;gpf;if ,y;yhj; jPHkhdk; nfhz;L

tug;gLkhdhy;> mJ vfpg;jpd; kPJ KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; %f;if Eiog;gjw;Fr; re;jHg;gk; toq;fpaJ Nghyhfp

tpLk;. myp (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikf;F gq;fk; tuhky; vg;gb elg;gJ vd;gij ehdwpNtd; vd;W Fwpg;gpl;L

mjpy; if]; vOjp ,Ue;jhHfs;. NkYk; ehd; vLj;jpUf;Fk; ,e;j eltbf;iffs; ahTk; myp (uyp) mtHfspd;

Ml;rpapd; ed;ikf;fhfNt md;wp Ntwpy;iy> ,jpy; vijahtJ khw;w KidNthkhdhy; mJNt myp (uyp)

mtHfspd; Ml;rpf;F ghjfkhd mk;rkhf khwp tpLk; vd;Wk; if]; mtHfs; Fwpg;gpl;Lf; $wpdhHfs;. myp

mtHfNs..> cq;fsJ fl;lis kWghprPyid nra;Aq;fs;> cq;fsJ Ml;rpf;F Mjuthf thf;fspf;fhj me;j

kf;fSf;F vjpuhf vLf;fg;gLk; ve;j eltbf;ifiaAk; iftpLq;fs;> ,JNt cq;fsJ epHthfj;jpw;F ve;jtpj

Fog;gj;ij Vw;gLj;jhjpUg;gjw;fhd rpwe;j topKiwahFk; vd;W $Wfpd;Nwd;. vdJ ,e;j MNyhridfis

ePq;fs; Vw;fhjgl;rj;jpy;> vd;id ftHdH nghWg;gpy; ,Ue;J ePf;fp tpl;L> vdf;Fg; gjpyhf NtW xUtiu

epakpj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;gb Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;"" vd;Wk; mtH me;j klypy; Fwpg;gplj;jtwtpy;iy.

if]; gjtpapwf;fk; nra;ag;gLjy;

if]; Kd;itj;j fUj;Jf;fs; myp (uyp) mtHfspd; Kd; ve;jtpj ngWkjpiaAk; ngwtpy;iy>khwhf> if];

mtHfs; kPJ re;Njfj;ijNa mjpfg;gLj;jpaJ. myp (uyp) mtHfspd; cj;jutpid epiyehl;lhky; mjw;Ff;

fhuzk; fw;gpj;jJ vd;gJ if]; mtHfSf;F vjpuhfNt myp (uyp) mtHfisr; rpe;jpf;f itj;jJ> ''cJkhd;

(uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyf;F vjpuhf tQ;rfk; jPHf;ff; fhj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;> ,d;Dk; mjd; %yk;

vd;Dila Ml;rpapy; Fog;gj;ij Vw;gLj;jf; fhj;jpUf;Fk; kf;fSf;F vjpuhf ,tH Vd; eltbf;if vLf;fj;

jaf;fk; fhl;Lfpd;whH? if]; mtHfs; kPjhf re;Njfk; ,d;Dk; ,WfpaJ. myp (uyp) mtHfspd; re;Njfk;

tYtile;J tUtij mwpe;J nfhz;l KMtpaht (uyp) mtHfs; Kfj;jpy; re;Njhr Nuiffs; glu Muk;gpj;jd>

myp (uyp) mtHfSf;Fk; if]; mtHfSf;Fk; ,ilNa jhd; tpijj;j tpj;J tsu Muk;gpj;jpUg;gJ Fwpj;Jj; jhd;

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; re;Njhrkile;jhHfs;. ,jw;Fg; gpd; if]; f;F tiyia tphpj;j KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;>

,jw;Fg; gpd;dUk; ePq;fs; Vd; mq;fpUf;f Ntz;Lk;> ePq;fs; vd;Dld; te;J tpLq;fs; cq;fSf;F caH gjtpia

ehd; jUfpd;Nwd; vd;W $wpdhH. ,e;j Nguj;ijAk; if]; mtHfs; cjwpj; js;sp tpl;;lhHfs;. jd;id myp (uyp)

mtHfs; jtwhfg; Ghpe;J nfhz;lhYk;> jd;id ePjkw;w Kiwapy; elj;jpdhYk;> myp (uyp) mtHfspd; kPJs;s

jd;Dila ek;gpf;ifia mtH iftplj; jahuhf ,y;iy. if]; gjtpapwf;fk; nra;ag;gl;lhH. mjd; gpd; mtH

kjPdhtpw;F te;J tpl;lhH. if]; mtHfisg; gjtpapwf;fk; nra;jJ myp (uyp) mtHfs; nra;j kpfg; ngUk;

jtwhFk;. ,e;jj; jtW vfpg;jpd; kPJ jd;Dila Mf;fpukpg;ig tYg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd rpwe;j re;jHg;gj;ij

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;F toq;fpaJ.

if]; kw;Wk; myp (uyp)

if]; mtHfs; gjtpapwf;fk; nra;ag;gl;lJ KMtpah mtHfSf;Fk; mtuJ Ml;fSf;Fk; re;Njhrj;ijf;

nfhLj;jJ. mLj;j eltbf;ifahf> if]; mtHfisj; jd; gf;fk; <Hj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W KMtpah

(uyp) mtHfs; jpl;lkplyhdhH. ,jpy; mtH Njhy;tpiaNa mila Nehpl;lJ> Vndd;why; if]; mtHfs; myp (uyp)

mtHfsplk; nra;jpUe;j thf;FWjpia Kwpj;J tpltpy;iy vd;gjdhyhFk;> ,d;Dk; ,UtUf;fpilapYk; ,d;Dk;

rkhjdj;jpw;fhf mwpFwpfs; ,Uf;fpd;wJth my;yJ ,y;iyah vd;gijAk; mtH cWjpg;gLj;jp mwpe;J nfhs;s

Kaw;rpj;jhH. KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;fs; if]; mtHfis jq;fs; trg;gLj;jp myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F

vjpuhfr\j; jpUg;gp tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W fLikahd Kaw;rpfisr; nra;jhHfs;> Mdhy; ,tHfsJ tiyapy; mtH

tpo kWj;J tpl;lNjhL> cq;fsJ Nritf;Fhpa khpahijia toq;f kWj;J> cq;fisf;

fz;zpag;gLj;jhjtUf;fh ePq;fs; mspj;j thf;FWjpiag; Ngz Ntz;Lk; vd;W epidf;fpd;wPHfs; vd;W KMtpah

(uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;fs; if]; mtHfisg; ghHj;Jf; Nfl;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,j;jifa ,tHfspd; Kaw;rpf;Fg;

gypahfp tplhj if]; mtHfs;> $/ghtpw;Fr; nrd;W myp (uyp) mtHfis NehpilahfNt re;jpg;gJ vd;W

KbntLj;jhHfs;. ePjkhd jPHg;G xd;iw myp (uyp) mtHfsplk; vjpHghHj;Nj mtHfs; nrd;whHfs;. if];

mtHfis khpahijNahL myp (uyp) mtHfs; tuNtw;whHfs;. ,UtUk; jq;fs; kdjpy; cs;s mj;jidAk;

ntspg;gilahfj; jpwe;J NgrpdhHfs;. ,UtuJ Ngr;RthHj;ijf;Fg; gpd;dH> if]; mtHfs; kPJ ed;dk;gpf;if

Page 187: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

nfhz;L tpl;l myp (uyp) mtHfs;> if]; ,d;Dk; jd;Dila Mjhuthsuhfj; jhd; ,Uf;fpd;whH vd;W ek;gpf;if

nfhz;lhH. if]; mtHfis vg;nghOJk; jd;Dila MjuthsuhfNt ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W Nfl;Lf; nfhz;l

myp (uyp) mtHfs;> mtiuj; jdJ gpujhd MNyhrfuhfTk; Mf;fpf; nfhz;lhH. if]; mtHfs; myp (uyp)

mtHfspd; gpujhd MNyhrfuhf Mfp tpl;ljid mwpe;j KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;> jd;Dila tiyapy; if];

mtHfis tpo itf;f Kaw;rp vLj;Jf; nfhz;l kjPdhtpy; ,Ue;j jdJ MjuthsHfSf;F ,J gw;wp vOjpa

fbjj;jpy; ,t;thW jdJ ntWg;igf; nfhl;b ,Ue;jhH : ''ePq;fs; if]; mtHfis elj;jpa tpjj;jpd; tpisT>

mtiu myp (uyp) mtHfisr; nrd;W re;jpf;f itj;J tpl;lJ> Kl;lhs; jdkhf ePq;fs; ele;J nfhz;ljd;

tpisT Mapuf;fhdtHfis myp (uyp) mtHfspd; gf;fk; nfhz;L NrHj;J tpl;lJ Nghyhfp tpl;lJ> ,e;j

Mapuf;fhdtHfspd; %ykhf tpisaf; $ba jPikfs; vd;gJ if]; Nghd;w MNyhrfHfs; vdJ vjphpf;Ff;

nfhLf;ff; $ba MNyhridapd; %ykhf tpisaf; $ba jPikfisf; fhl;bYk; nfhQ;rkhdNj"" vd;W

Gyk;gpdhH.

KMtpah (uyp)

Muk;g fhy tho;T

kf;fj;Jf; Fiw\pf; Nfhj;jpuq;fspy; xd;whd cika;ahf; Nfhj;jpuj;ijr; NrHe;jtH KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSk;> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSk; mg;J kdh/g; vd;w %jhijahpd; top te;j

guk;giuapdH MthHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; mtuJ je;ij mg;Jy;yh> ,tuJ je;ij mg;Jy; Kj;jypg;>

,tuJ je;ij `h\pk;> ,tH mg;J kdh/g; mtuJ kfdhthH. KMtpah (uyp) mtHfNsh..> ,tuJ je;ij mG+

R/g;ahd;> ,tuJ je;ij mG+ `Hg;> ,tuJ je;ij cika;ah> ,tuJ je;ij mg;J \k;];> ,tH mg;J kdh/g;

vd;guJ kfdhthH. `h\pk; kw;Wk; mg;J \k;]; ,UtUk; mg;J kdh/g; d; kfd;fshthHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs; `h\pk; vd;gtuJ Nfhj;jpuj;jpd; topte;jtuhfTk;> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; mg;J \k]; vd;gutJ top

te;jtuhfTk; ,Ue;jhH. ,e;j guk;giu thpirapy; mg;J \k]; vd;gtH cika;ahf; Nfhj;jpuj;jpy; kpf

Kf;fpakhdtuhthH> ,tuJ ngaiuf; nfhz;Nl ,e;jg; guk;giuia cika;ahf; Nfhj;jpuj;jhH

vd;wiof;fg;gLfpd;wJ vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; je;ij mG+R/g;ahd; Fiw\pf; Nfhj;jpuj;jhhpy; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhd Gs;spahthH.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ J}Jj;Jtj;ij ntspg;gilahf mwptpg;Gr; nra;j nghOJ> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfis KO %r;rhf vjpHj;jtH jhd; ,e;j mG+R/g;ahd;> mJ kl;Lky;y ,];yhj;jpw;F vjpuhf> K];ypk;fSf;F

vjpuhf c`j; kw;Wk; mfo; Nghhpid Kd;dpd;W jiyikNaw;W elj;jpatUk; ,tH jhd;. ,d;Dk; KMtpah (uyp)

mtHfspd; jha; K];ypk;fspd; kPJ ve;jsT ntWg;GzHTld; ,Ue;jhH vdpy;> c`j; Nghhpy; nfhy;yg;gl;l

K];ypk;fspd; fhJfisAk;> %f;FfisAk; mWj;njLj;J mjid jdJ fOj;J khiyahfg; Nghl;Lf;

nfhz;bUe;jhH. ,d;Dk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; rpwpa je;ijahuhd `k;]h (uyp) mtHfis cliyf;

fPwp <uiy vLj;J jdJ gy; ,Lf;Ffspy; itj;J fbj;Jj; Jg;gpdhH.

,jpy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mk;rk; vd;dntd;why;> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; FLk;gk; mjhtJ mtH> mtuJ je;ij

mG+R/g;ahd;> mtuJ jha; `pe;j; MfpNahH kf;fh ntw;wpf;Fg; gpd;dhy; jhd; ,];yhj;jpw;Fs; Eioe;jhHfs;.

,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;ljd; gpd;dH> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; fhhpajhprpahf rpy

fhyk; nray;gl;bUf;fpd;whH. mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; kw;Wk; ckH (uyp) mtHfsJ Ml;rpf;fhyg; gphptpy; KMtpah

(uyp) mtHfSk; mtuJ rNfhjuH mG+ a]Pj; (uyp) mtHfSk; ig]he;jpaHfSf;F vjpuhf rphpahtpy; ele;j Nghhpy;

fye;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs;.

Kjypy; rphpahtpd; ftHduhf mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfis ckH (uyp) mtHfs; epakpj;jhHfs;. ,tH ,we;jJld;

mG+ a]Pj; (uyp) mtHfis rphpahtpd; ftHduhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. mG+ a]Pj; (uyp) mtHfs; ,we;jJld;

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfis rphpahtpd; ftHduhf ckH (uyp) mtHfs; epakdk; nra;jhHfs;. ,tuJ xd;W tpl;l

rNfhjuuhd cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; Ml;rpg; nghWg;gpw;F te;j nghOJ rphpahtpd; ftHduhf KMtpah (uyp)

mtHfis gzp epue;juk; nra;jJld;> ,tuJ Ml;rpg; nghWg;gpw;Fs; NkYk; rpy gFjpfis cJkhd; (uyp)

mtHfs; toq;fpdhHfs;.

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; gz;Gfs;

Page 188: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

Muk;g fhy muGf;fSf;Nf chpa jdpr;rpwg;ghd Fzeyd;fisf; nfhz;ltuhf ,Ue;jhH> ,];yhj;jpw;Fs;

Eiotjw;F Kd;Ng gy ey;y gz;G eyd;fisf; nfhz;bUe;jhH. rphpahtpd; ftHduhf epakpf;fg;gl;ljd; gpd;G

kf;fSf;F ghpRg; nghUl;fis toq;fpAk;> gy rYif eltbf;iffspd; %ykhf kf;fspd; ed;kjpg;gpw;Fhpatuhf

MdhH. ey;y caukhd> ghHg;gjw;F mofhd Njhw;wj;Jld; ,d;Dk; fz;zpakpf;ftuhfTk; jpfo;e;jhH. ,tiug;

gw;wp ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> ''KMtpah muGf;fspy; rP]H"" vd;W tHzpj;Jf; $WgtHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;. mtuJ

Njhw;wk;> MSik> ftHr;rp> ey;y gz;Gfs; Mfpa mj;jidAk; ,ize;J kf;fis trPfhpf;fr; nra;tjhf

,Ue;jJ. ,d;Dk;> 'ehtd;ik gilj;j jiytH" vd;W kf;fshy; miof;fg;gl;L te;jhH. ,d;Dk; Gj;jpf; $Hik>

je;jpuk;> ftpij gilj;jy;> `h\;ak; kpFe;jtuhf ,Ue;jhH. Raf;fl;Lg;ghl;bw;F ngaH ngw;wtuhf ,Ue;jhH.

,d;Dk; uh[je;jpuk; kpf;f murpay; rhzpf;fauhfTk; jpfo;e;jhH. NghHf;fsj;jpy; ths; Kidiaf; nfhz;L ntw;wp

ngWtijf; fhl;bYk; ehtd;ikiaf; nfhz;Nl ntw;wpia <l;Lgtuhf ,Ue;jhH. fle;j fhyj;jpy; kf;fhtpy;

tje;jpfis Kd;dpd;W gug;Gtjpy; NjHr;rp ngw;wtuhf ,Ue;jhH. jdJ Nehf;fj;ij mile;J nfhs;jtw;F

ve;jtpj jaf;FKkpd;wp gy jfpLjj;jq;fspy; $l <LgLtijf; nfhs;ifahff; nfhz;ltuhfTk; mtH Kd;G

,Ue;jhH. ,];yhk; vspikahd tho;f;ifia tho;tjw;Nf Kd;Dhpik toq;fpapUf;f> ,tNuh ig]he;jpaHfisg;

Nghy Mlk;gukhd tho;T thoNt Mirg;gl;lhH. muritapy; gy Mlk;gu epfo;r;rpfs; eilngWtjw;F top

tFj;jhH. jdf;fhf kpfTk; Mlk;gukhd muz;kidiaAk; fl;bf; nfhz;lhH. rphpah K];ypk;fSk; $l

ig]he;jpa kf;fisg; NghyNt Mlk;gu tho;T tho Kw;gl;lhHfs;. Mdhy;> ,];yhj;ij KOikahd tho;f;if

newpahfg; gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;W Jbj;j K];ypk;fSf;Nfh KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; ,e;j eilKiwfs;

Kfj;ij Ropf;f itj;jd.

myp (uyp)> KMtpah (uyp) fUj;JNtWghLfs; Njhd;Wjy;

myp (uyp) mtHfis fyP/ghf - Ml;rpahsuhf NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;l gpd;G> rphpahtpd; ftHdH gjtpapypUe;J KMtpah

(uyp) mtHfis tpyf;fk; nra;jhHfs;. Mdhy; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; gjtp ,wq;f kWj;jNjhL> myp (uyp)

mtHfspd; fl;lisia Vw;Wf; nfhs;sTk; kWj;J tpl;lhH. Vida gpuNjrq;fspy; cs;s kf;fs; midtUk; myp

(uyp) mtHfSf;F igmj; vd;w thf;Fg; gpukhzk; nra;J tpl;l nghOJk;> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyaPl;bd;

fhuzkhf rphpahtpidr; NrHe;j vtUk; myp (uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;rpf;F Mjuthf thf;Fg; gpukhzk; nra;a

Kd;tutpy;iy. ntspg;gilahf ,];yhkpa fpyhgj;jpw;F vjpuhf KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSk;> rphpah kf;fSk;

nray;gl;ljd; fhuzkhf> jd;Dila fl;lisia kPwpajw;fhfTk; mtHfis topf;Ff; nfhz;L tUtjw;fhfTk;

rphpahtpd; kPJ eltbf;if vLf;Fk; fl;lhaj;jpw;F myp (uyp) mtHfs; js;sg;gl;lhHfs;.

,e;jg; gpur;id jPHtjw;Fg; gjpyhf ehl;fs; nry;yr; nry;y gpur;id Kw;wpf; nfhz;Nl te;jJ. rphpah kf;fs;

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;F MjuthfNt nray;gl Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,];yhkpa fpyhgj;jpd; jiyikia Vw;wpUe;j

NghjpYk; jdf;Ff; fPo; gjtp tfpf;ff; $ba xUtH kPJ eltbf;if vLf;f ,ayhj epiyapy; jhd; myp (uyp)

mtHfs; ,Ue;jhHfs;. KMtpah (uyp) mtHfis gjtp ePf;fk; nra;Jjhd; Mf Ntz;Lk; vdpy;> mtUf;F

Mjuthf ,Uf;ff; $ba rphpah kf;fspd; kPJ eltbf;if vLj;jhf Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW eltbf;if

vLf;Fk;gl;rj;jpy; K];ypk;fNs..> K];ypk;fSld; Nkhjf; $ba #oy; jhd; cUthFk;. ,J ,];yhk;

tpUk;ghjnjhd;whf ,Ug;gpDk;> myp (uyp) mtHfs; rphpahtpw;F vjpuhf ,uhZt eltbf;if vLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;

vd;gjpy; cWjpahf ,Ue;jhHfs;. mjw;fhd miog;ig kjPdhtpy; tpLj;j nghOJ> myp (uyp) mtHfs; vjpHghHj;j

msTf;F MjuT fpilf;ftpy;iy> khwhf kpff; Fiwe;j MjuNt kjpdhtpy; fpilj;jJ. rphpahtpw;F vjpuhd NghH

eltbf;if ,jd; fhuzkhfTk; ,d;Dk; rpy fhuzq;fspdhYk; jhkjkhdjd; fhuzkhf> jhkjkhd eltbf;if

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; ,Ug;ig gyg;gLj;j Muk;gpj;jJ> mtuJ mjpfhuj;ij tYthf;fpf; nfhs;sNt me;jj;

jhkjk; cjtpaJ.

,jw;F Kd;dH myp (uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;rpj; jiyikia Vw;W thf;Fg; gpukhzk; nra;jpUe;j jy;`h (uyp)

kw;Wk; RigH (uyp) MfpNahH Map\h (uyp) mtHfspd; gf;fk; ,ize;J nfhz;ldH. ,g;nghOJ Map\h (uyp)>

jy;`h (uyp) kw;Wk; RigH (uyp) MfpNahH g\uhitf; ifg;gw;wpf; nfhz;ldH> ,e;j epiyapy; rphpahtpw;F vjpuhf

eltbf;if vLg;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf g\uhit Nehf;fp myp (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ gilia efHj;j Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

,e;jg; gilnaLg;gpy; myp (uyp) mtHfs; ntw;wp ngw;whYk; $l> mjpf ,og;igr; re;jpf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ.

gj;jhapuj;jpw;Fk; mjpfkhd K];ypk;fs; ,e;jg; Nghhpy; nfhy;yg;gl;ldH> ,J K];ypk; cyfpw;F kpfg; nghpa

,og;ghf ,Ue;jJ. ,g;nghOJ myp (uyp) mtHfspd; gf;fk; Fiwe;j msT ,uhZt tsq;fNs vQ;rpapUe;jd.

Page 189: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

g\uhtpd; kPJ vLf;fg;gl;l NghH eltbf;iffs; Kbe;jjd; gpd;dH> myp (uyp) mtHfs; rphpahit Nehf;fpf;

fpsk;gpa nghOJ myp (uyp) mtHfspd; gf;fk; gytPdkhfTk;> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; gf;fNkh kpfTk; tYthd

gilAk; ,Ue;jd> ,e;jg; ghjfkhd epiy myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F kpfg; nghpa ,og;igAk;> kpfg; ngUk;

rpukj;ijAk; re;jpf;f itj;jJ.

KMtpah (uyp) jpl;lk;

myp (uyp) mtHfSf;Fk; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;Fk; ,ilNa epytp te;j gphptpidfs;> fUj;JNtWghLfs;

vd;gJ ,tHfSila guk;giu guk;giuahf jlk; gjpj;J tpl;lnjhd;W. `h\pkpahf;fSk;> cika;ahf;fSk; xNu

guk;giuapduhf ,Ue;jjd; fhuzkhfNth vd;dNth> ,tHfSf;fpilNa jPuhg; gifAk;> tpNuhjKk;> FNuhjKk;

guk;giu guk;giuahfNt ePbj;J te;jd. `h\pkpa;ahf;fspy; xUtuhd mg;Jy; Kj;jypg; mtHfs; Fiu\pf; Fyj;

jiytuhf ,Ue;jhH. mtH kiwTf;Fg; gpd; me;jj; jiyikj;Jtk; cikahf;fspd; top te;jtuhd mG+R/g;ahd;

mtHfSf;F khwpaJ. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ J}Jj;Jtj;ij ntspg;gilahf mwptpj;j nghOJ>

mjid vjpHg;gjpy; KO %r;rhf ,Ue;jtHfs; ,e;j cikahf;fs; jhd;. ,jid mtHfs; kj mbg;gilapy;

kl;Lk; Nehf;ftpy;iy> khwhf> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; J}Jj;Jtk; kf;fhtpy; NtH gpbf;f Muk;gpj;J

tpl;lhy;> cikahf;fspd; iff;F rw;W Kd;G jhd; khwp ,Ue;j jiyikj;Jtk; kPz;Lk; `h\pkpa;ahf;fspd;

iffSf;Fr; nrd;W tpLNk vd;Nw Raeyk; jhd;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisAk;> mtHfsJ J}Jj;Jg;

gzpiaAk; KO %r;rhf vjpHf;f itj;jJ. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;Fg; gpd;dH te;j Ml;rpahsHfshd

mGgf;fH (uyp) kw;Wk; ckH (uyp) Mfpa ,UtUk; `h\pkpa;ahf;fSk; fpilahJ> cika;ahf;fSk; fpilahJ.

%d;whtJ fyp/ghthd cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; cika;ahf; Nfhj;jpuj;ijr; NrHe;jtuhf ,Ue;jhH. ,tuJ

Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; cika;ahf;fs; mjpfhuj; jiyikg; gPlq;fspy; Nt&d;w Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. cJkhd; (uyp)

mtHfspd; kPJs;s gpujhdf; Fw;wr;rhl;Nl> mtH jdJ Nfhj;jpuj;jtHfshd cika;ahf;fSf;Nf mjpfhu

Mrdj;ij toq;fp tpl;lhH vd;gNjahFk;. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;ljd; gpd;G> myp (uyp)

mtHfs; Ml;rpg; nghWg;gpw;F tUfpd;whHfs;> vdpDk; cika;ahf; Nfhj;jpuj;jtHfspd; iffspy; ,Ue;j

mjpfhuj;ij vspjpy; khw;Wtjw;F ,ayhjjhf Mfp tpl;lJ. cz;ikapNyNa KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; jpl;lk;

vJthf ,Ue;jnjdpy;> cikahf;fspd; iffspy; ,g;nghOJ ,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;w mjpfhuj;ij if

khw;Wtjpy; jilfisAk;> Rzf;fj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhfNt ,Ue;jJ. cz;ikapy;> ,UtUf;Fk;

,ilNa Vw;gl;bUe;j ,e;j Kuz;ghLfs; ,d;W New;wy;y> mJ tuyhw;W hPjpahdJ vd;W ghHitahsHfs;

fUJfpd;whHfs;.

myp (uyp) mtHfspd; gz;G vt;thwpUe;jnjdpy;> ntspg;gilahfg; Ngrf; $batuhfTk;> kpfTk; NeHikahf

elf;ff; $batuhfTk;> vjw;Fk; vspjpy; tise;J nfhLj;Jg; NghfhjtuhfTk; ,Ue;jhH. jhd; Ml;rpj;

jiytuhf epakpf;fg;gl;ljd; gpd;G> mjpfhuk; vd;gJ vdJ iffspy; cs;sJ> vdJ fl;Lg;ghl;bw;Ff; fPo;

cs;stH jhd; KMtpah (uyp) vd;W fUj Muk;gpj;jhH. jd;dplk; cs;s rpy rpwg;Gj; jifikfs; kw;Wk;

uh[je;jpuk; Mfpa midj;ijAk; nfhz;L myp (uyp) mtHfspd; nry;thf;if Fiwg;gjw;F KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;

je;jpuk; nra;jhH> ,jw;fhf rpy gpur;rhu eltbf;iffspYk; <Lgl;lhH. mtiu VjhtJ xU tifapy; gpur;idapy;

rpf;f itf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfNt> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyapy; rk;ge;jg;gl;ltHfs; kPJ

eltbf;if vLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w gpur;idiaj; Njhw;Wtpj;jhH. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; ,uj;jk; Njha;e;j

MiliaAk;> ntl;b vLf;fg;gl;l mtuJ kidtp ieyh (uyp) mtHfspd; tpuiyAk; rphpahtpd; jiyefH lkh];f];

gs;spapy; itj;J kf;fsplk; vLj;Jf; fhz;gpj;jhH. ,e;j epfor;rp kf;fspd; czHTfisj; J}z;b tpLtjw;fhd

kpfr; rpwe;j re;jHg;gj;ij Vw;gLj;jpj; je;jJ.

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfsJ gLnfhiyapYk; mjw;Fg; gpd;dH epiyikfs; ,t;tsT Kw;wpajw;Fk; myp (uyp)

mtHfNs fhuzk; vd;W KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; kf;fs; kj;jpapy; Fw;wk; rhl;bdhH. ,d;Dk; myp (uyp) mtHfs;

jiyikg; gjtpf;F te;jjw;F fhuzkhdtHfs; ahH vd;why;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfisf; nfhiy

nra;jtHfNs.. vd;whH. ,d;Dk;> myp (uyp) mtHfsplk; thf;Fg; gpukhzk; nra;jpUe;j jy;`h (uyp) mtHfSk;>

RigH (uyp) mtHfSk; jq;fsJ thf;Fg; gpukhzj;ij jpUk;gg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;ljw;F mtHfs; $wpa fhuzk;

vd;dntdpy;> fytuf;fhuHfspd; tw;GWj;jy; fhuzkhfNt jhq;fs; myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F thf;Fg; gpukhzk;

nra;a Nehpl;lJ vd;W mtHfs; $wpaijAk; ,q;F kf;fs; Kd;ghf KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; vLj;Jiuj;jhHfs;.

Nkw;fz;l myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhd Fw;wr;rhl;il mLj;J> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyf;Fg;

Page 190: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

gfukhf> mjw;F vjpuhfg; Nghhpl;L myp (uyp) mtHfshy; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;l jy;`h (uyp) mtHfSk;> RigH

(uyp) mtHfSk; ,iwtopg; Nghuhspfs; vd;W kf;fs; Kd; mwptpg;Gk; nra;jhH KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;. myp

(uyp)..> ,tH cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyapy; kl;Lk; rk;ge;jg;gltpy;iy> g\uhtpy; NghH nra;jjd;

%yk; Mapuf;fzf;fhd K];ypk;fs; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gLtjw;Fk; fhuzkhfp tpl;lhH vd;W mLf;fLf;fhf myp

(uyp) mtHfs; kPJ Fw;wk; rhl;ba KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;> NkYk; ,e;jg; Nghhpy; Map\h (uyp) mtHfis kpfTk;

fPo;j;jukhf myp (uyp) mtHfs; elj;jpajhfTk; kf;fs; kj;jpapy; Fwpg;gpl;lhH.

myp (uyp) mtHfs; kPJ Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fisg; nghope;jNjhL kl;Lk; epd;W tpltpy;iy> myp (uyp) mtHfspd;

iftrk; ,Ue;j Ml;rpg; gFjpfspy; myp (uyp) mtHfspd; mjpfhuj;ij gytPdg;gLj;Jk; Kaw;rpapYk; njhlHe;J

<lglyhdhH. ,d;Dk; vfpg;J myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F tpRthrkhf ,Ug;gJ> jdJ KJfpy; Fj;Jk; Ntiyf;F

,lk; nfhLj;jjhfp tpLk; vd;W epidj;jhH KMtpah(uyp). vdNt> vfpg;J kPJ myp (uyp) mtHfs; itj;jpUf;Fk;

ek;gpf;ifia gytPdg;gLj;jp tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W Kaw;rp nra;jhH. mjw;fhf vfpg;J ftHdUf;F yQ;rkhf

vijahtJ nfhLj;jhtJ> mtiuj; jd; gf;fk; ,Oj;J tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W Kaw;rp nra;jhH. ,tuJ Kaw;rp

Njhy;tpapy; Kbe;jJ. Mdhy;> mjpy; Jtz;L tplhj KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;> vfpg;J ftHdUf;Fk; myp (uyp)

mtHfSf;Fk; ,ilNa re;Njf vz;zj;ij tpijj;J tpl;lhH> vfpg;J ftHdH jd; kPJ tpRthrkhf ,y;iy

vd;W re;Njf vz;zj;jpw;F myp (uyp) mtHfSk; Ml;gl;L tpl;lhH. ,UtUf;Fk; ,ilNa Vw;gl;l

Ghpe;JzHtpd;ik tsHe;j fhuzj;jhy;> vfpg;jpd; ftHdiu mtuJ gjtpapypUe;J ePf;fk; nra;jhH myp (uyp)

mtHfs;. myp (uyp) mtHfspd; ,e;j eltbf;if vfpg;jpd; kPjhd gpbia jsHr;rpAwr; nra;jJ. myp (uyp)

mtHfspd; ,e;jj; jtiw jdf;Fr; rhjkhfg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tij tpLj;J> jdf;Fr; rhjfkhdnjhUtH

vfpg;jpy; Ml;rpg; nghWg;Gf;F tu Ntz;Lk; vd;Nw KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; tpUk;gpdhHfs;. jdf;Fj; Njhjhdtuhf

vfpg;jpid ntd;nwLj;jtuhd mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfisf; fUjpdhH KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;. ckH (uyp)

mtHfspd; Ml;rpf;fhyg; gphptpy; vfpg;jpd; ftHduhf ,Ue;jtH jhd; mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfs;. cJkhd;

(uyp) mtHfSf;Fk; mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfSf;Fk; ,ilNa Vw;gl;l kdf;frg;gpd; fhuzkhf> cJkhd;

(uyp) mtHfs; jdJ Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy;> vfpg;jpd; ftHdH gjtpapypUe;J mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfis ePf;fk;

nra;jhHfs;. ,jd; fhuzkhf ,UtUf;Fk; ,ilNa kdf;frg;G epytp te;jJ. ,e;j kdf;frg;G ve;jsTf;Fr;

nrd;wnjd;why;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhf vfpg;jpidNa xd;W jpul;LNtd; vd;W mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp)

mtHfs; rgjNk nra;jhHfs;. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhfj; jpuz;l xUtNuhL ehk; cwT

nfhs;fpd;NwhNk> ,d;Dk; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; ,uj;jj;jpw;F eltbf;if vLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w

Nfhhpf;iff;fhf ,izfpd;NwhNk vd;w rq;flk; VJkpy;yhky;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyapy;

NeubahfNth my;yJ kiwKfkhfNth rk;ge;jl;l xUtNuhL KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F

vjpuhf $l;Lr; NrHe;J nfhz;lhHfs;.

myp (uyp) mtHfNshL NghH Ghpa Kw;gl;lhy;> K];ypk;fSf;F ,ilNa Vw;gl;l gpstpidg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L

ig]he;jpaHfs; rphpahtpw;Fs; Eiotjw;F tha;g;G Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;J tplyhk; vdf; fzpj;jhHfs;. ,jw;fhf>

ig]he;jpaHfSld; mtHfSf;Fr; rhjfkhfNt xU mikjp xg;ge;jj;ij KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; nra;J

nfhz;lhHfs;> ,d;Dk; tUlhe;jpuk; xU njhifia mjw;fhf jUtjhfTk; xg;Gf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

,d;Dk; mjpfhuj;ij vg;nghOJk; jd; ifg;gpbf;Fs; itj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vdpy;> kpfTk; cWjpahdnjhU

typik kpf;f ,uhZtk; jd; iftrk; ,Ue;jhf Ntz;Lk; vd;gijAk; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; czHe;jhHfs;.

mjw;fhfNt typik kpf;fnjhU ,uhZtg; gilia cUthf;fpdhHfs;. Mdhy;> myp (uyp) mtHfs; jug;gpNyh

kpfg; nghpa ,uhZtg; gilAk; fpilahJ> ,d;Dk; jdf;F Mjuthf mt;tg;nghOJ jd;dhthHj;Jld; tUk;

cjtpahsHfisj; jhd; ek;gpf; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;ba epiyNa njhlHe;jJ.

vg;nghOJ myp (uyp) mtHfs; jiyikg; nghWg;ig Vw;whHfNsh mg;nghOjpypUe;J cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd;

gLnfhiyf;F vjpuhf eltbf;if vLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;w gpur;idia caHj;jpg; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;Nl ,Ue;j

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;> ,e;j ,ilg;gl;l Neuj;jpy; jd;Dila jug;ig kpfTk; typik tha;e;jjhfTk; Mf;fpf;

nfhz;lhHfs; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;. myp (uyp) mtHfs; Ml;rpg; nghWg;gpy; mkHe;J xU tUlk; jhd;

MfpapUf;Fk;..> myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhd eltbf;ifapy; ,wq;Ftjw;fhd typikia KMtpah (uyp)

mtHfs; cUthf;fpf; nfhz;L tpl;lhHfs;.

Page 191: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

mkUg;Dy; M]; (uyp)

,];yhj;jpw;F Kd;G..!

Fiw\pf; Nfhj;jpuj;jpy; xd;whd gD} ]hk; Nfhj;jpuj;ijr; NrHe;jtH jhd; mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfs;.

,tuJ je;ij my; M]; gpd; thapy; mtHfs; gD} ]hk; Nfhj;jpuj;jpd; jiytuhthH> kf;fj;Jf; Fiw\pfspy;

kpfr; rpwe;j tpahghu tpw;gd;duhf ,tH jpfo;e;jhH. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ J}Jj;Jtg; gzpia

ntspg;gilahf Muk;gpj;j nghOJ> mjid KO %r;rhf vjpHj;jtH. mk;Ug;Dy; M]; mtHfspd; rNfhjuH

`p]hk; (uyp) mtHfs; Muk;g ehl;fspNyNa ,];yhj;ijj; jOtp tpl;lhH. ,tuJ je;ijahH jiyapl;L tw;GWj;jp

,];yhj;ij Jwf;fr; nrhd;d nghOJ $l> mjw;F kWg;Gj; njhptpj;J njhlHe;J ,];yhkpauhfNt tho;e;jtH

jhd; `p]hk; (uyp) mtHfs;. ,tH mgP]Pdpahtpw;F Kjd; Kjy; `p[;uj; nra;j FOtpy; ,lk; ngw;wpUe;jhH.

mg;nghOJ> `p[;uj; nra;J nrd;wtHfs; kPJ mgPrPdpah kd;dhplk; GfhH nra;J> mtHfis jpUk;g mioj;J

tUtjw;fhf Fiw\pfspd; jug;gpy; mg;nghOJ nrd;wtH jhd; ,e;j mk;H. ,tuJ ,e;jg; gazk; Njhy;tpapy;

Kbe;jNjhL> K];ypk;fis jpUk;g mDg;g ,ayhJ vd;W mgPrPdpa kd;dH ,thplk; njhptpj;J tpl;lhH.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kjPdhtpw;Fr; nrd;wjd; gpd;dH> K];ypk;fSld; eilngw;w NghHfspy; ,e;j mk;H

mtHfs; Fiw\pfspd; jug;gpy; fye;J nfhz;L> K];ypk;fSf;F vjpuhfg; NghH Ghpe;jhH.

,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sjy;

`{ijgpa;ah cld;gbf;iff;Fg; gpd;dH> mk;Ug;Dy; M]; mtHfspd; cs;sj;jpy; my;yh`; ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wpa

ew;rpe;jidia Cl;bdhd;. ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf mk;Ug;Dy; M]; mtHfSk; fhypj; gpd; tyPj;

mtHfSk; kf;fhtpypUe;J kjPdhtpw;F Gwg;gl;L te;jhHfs;. ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;ljd; gpd;dH> ,];yhj;jpd;

kpfg; nghpa nghf;fp\khf mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfs; khw;wk; ngw;whHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; rpy

nghWg;ghd gzpfis ek;gp ,thplk; xg;gilj;jhHfs;. mjpy; mtH ntw;wpiaAk; ngw;whH. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs; ,tiu Xkd; ehl;bd; ftHduhf epakdk; nra;jhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,we;jjd; gpd;dH>

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; Ml;rpg; nghWg;Gf;F te;jnghOJ> ,];yhj;Jf;F vjpuhf fpsHe;jtHfis mlf;Ftjw;fhf

Xkd; ftHdH nghWg;gpypUe;j mk;H (uyp) mtHfis jpUk;g mioj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,];yhj;jpidg;

Gwf;fzpj;J fpsHr;rp nra;j ghy];jPd; kw;Wk; rphpah ehl;bd; kPjhd eltbf;iff;Fg; nghWg;ghsuhf

epakpf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; fhyg; gFjpapy; vfpg;jpd; kPJ ,tuJ jiyikapy; eltbf;if

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ> mjpy; ntw;wp ngw;W vfpg;jpidf; ifg;gw;wpdhH. ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; ,jd; fhuzkhfNt

,tiu> 'vfpg;jpd; ntw;wpahsH" vd;W gjpT nra;ag;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ. ckH (uyp) mtHfs; ,tiu vfpg;jpd;

ftHduhf epakdk; nra;jhHfs;. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; Ml;rpf;F te;jjd; gpd;dH> rpy fhyk; kPz;Lk;

ftHduhf mtiu nghWg;gpypUf;Fk;gbr; nra;jhHfs;. gpd;dH> mtiu gjtpapypUe;J ePf;fp tpl;L> cJkhd; (uyp)

mtHfs; jdJ xd;W tpl;l rNfhjuiu me;jg; gjtpf;F epakpj;jhHfs;.

cJkhd;; (uyp) mtHfis vjpuhf mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp)

jd;id gjtp ePf;fk; nra;jJ Fwpj;J kpfTk; kd Ntjid mile;jhH mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfs;.

kjPdhtpw;Fj; jpUk;gpaTld; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSld; Vw;gl;l Ngr;RthHj;ij kpfTk; kdf;frg;GlNdNa

Kbe;jJ. mJKjy; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;rpia tpkHrdk; nra;a Muk;gpj;jhH. cJkhd; (uyp)

mtHfSf;F vjpuhd mjpUg;jp miyfisg; gug;Gtjpy; kpfg; ngUk; gq;fhw;wpdhH. ,e;j mjpUg;jp eltbf;ifapy;

vfpg;jpaHfNs Kd;dzp tfpj;jdH> mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfis gjtp ePf;fk; nra;jNj mtHfsJ

kdf;Fiwahf ,Ue;jJ> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhd ve;j eltbf;ifiaAk; kiwthf my;yhky;

ntspg;gilahfNt mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfs; nra;a Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfisg;

ghHj;J> 'cq;fSf;F vjpuhf KO K];ypk; cyifAk; jpUg;gpf; fhl;LNtd;" vd;Nw rgjk; nra;jhH. cJkhd;

(uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhd fpsHr;rp tYtile;j nghOJ> K];ypk; cyfpd; gy ghfq;fspypUe;Jk; fpsHr;rpahsHfs;

kjpdhtpy; te;J $lyhdhHfs;. ,e;jg; gpd;dzp ,t;thwpUf;f> mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfs; kjPdhit tpl;Lk;

ghy];jPdj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W tpl;lhHfs;. mtH ghy];jPdj;jpy; ,Ue;j nghOJ jhd; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs;

kjPdhtpy; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;l epfo;r;rp ele;NjwpaJ.

myp (uyp) Ml;rpg; gFjp

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;ljd; gpd;dH> ,dp eLepiyahf ,Ue;J nfhs;tJ vd;w KbTf;F

te;j mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfs;> elf;ff; $ba epfo;Tfis kpfTk; cd;dpg;ghff; ftdpj;J te;jhH. myp

Page 192: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

(uyp) mtHfs; fypghthfj; NjHT nra;ag;gl;lTld;> mtUf;F thf;Fg; gpukhzKk; nra;atpy;iy> mtiu

vjpHf;fTk; ,y;iy. Mdhy; jd;id vfpg;jpd; ftHduhf epakdk; nra;Ak;gl;rj;jpy; myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F

thf;Fg; gpukhzk; nra;Ak; kdepiyapy; jhd; mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfs; ,Ue;jhHfs;. ,e;j tha;g;G

ifeOtpg; Nghdjd; fhuzkhf> ,dp ghy];jPdj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W tpLtJ> elf;ff; $batw;iw xJq;fp epd;W

ghHg;gJ vd;w KbTf;F te;jhH. ,g;nghOJ myp (uyp) mtHfs; if]; gpd; ]mj; (uyp) mtHfis vfpg;jpd;

ftHduhf epakdk; nra;J tpl;lhH. if]; (uyp) mtHfs; kpfr; rpwe;j ftHdH vd;w nganuLj;jd; fhuzkhf>

myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F fl;Lg;gl;l gpuNjrkhf vfpg;J khwpaJ. myp (uyp) if]; (uyp) ,UtUf;FkpilNa

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; Vw;gLj;jp tpl;l re;Njfg; nghwpapd; fhuzkhf> if]; (uyp) vfpg;J ftHdH gjtpapypUe;J

ePf;fk; nra;ag;gl;lhH. myp (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ Raeyj;jpw;fhf jd;id vfpg;J ftHdH gjtpapy; epakpf;ff; $Lk;

vd;W mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfs; vjpHghHj;jhHfs;. Mdhy; ele;jJ NtW. myp (uyp) mtHfNsh..> vfpg;jpd;

ftHduhf K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfis epakdk; nra;jhHfs;. kpfTk; ntWj;Jg; Nghd kdepiyf;F

te;j mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfs;> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; tphpj;j tiyapy; tPo;e;J NghdhHfs;.

KMtpah (uyp)> mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfSk;

myp (uyp) mtHfSld; Nkhjy; Muk;gpg;gjw;F Kd;dhy;> myp (uyp) mtHfspd; iftrk; ,Ue;J vfpg;J tpyfp tpl

Ntz;baJ mtrpak; vd;gij czHe;J nray;gl;lhH KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;. vfpg;Jld; myp (uyp) mtHfs;

ey;YwT NgZtJ jdf;F Mgj;jhdJ vd;gij czHe;jNj ,jd; fhuzkhFk;. ,jd; fhuzkhfNt myp (uyp)

mtHfspd; ek;gpf;ifiag; ngw;w ftHduhf if]; (uyp) mtHfis ePf;Ftjw;fhf gy;NtW jpl;lq;fSld;

nray;gl;L ,Wjpapy; mjpy; ntw;wpAk; ngw;whH. mjw;Fg; gpd;dH K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfis ftHduhf

myp (uyp) mtHfshy; epakdk; nra;ag;gl;lhH. if]; (uyp) mtHfs; msTf;F K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH (uyp)

mtHfs; jpwik Fd;wpatH vd;gjhy;> vfpg;jpd; Ml;rpia mtuhy; jpwikahf epHtfpf;f ,ayhJ vd;W fzpj;jhH

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;. ,jw;fhf> vfpg;jpy; Kjypy; Fog;gj;ij Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;> gpd;dH me;jf; Fog;gj;ijg;

gad;gLj;jp vfpg;jpidf; ifg;gw;wpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;w KbTf;F te;jhH. mjw;F vfpg;jpy; ey;y

ghpr;rKs;snjhU egH Njit vd;gij czHe;jhH. mjw;fhf fLikahd Kiwapy; rpe;jpj;j nghOJ> ,jw;Fj;

jFe;j eguhf mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) jhd; vd;w KbTf;F te;j KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;> mk;U (uyp) mtHfis

lkh];f]; f;F tutioj;jhH. mk;H (uyp) mtHfs; lkh];f]{f;F tUif je;j nghOJ kpfg; nghpa tuNtw;Gf;F

Vw;ghL nra;jhH KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;. jq;fSf;fpilNa ,Uf;Fk; nghJthd eyd;fis Kd;dpl;L ,uz;L

NgUk; myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhfr; nray;gLtJ vd;w KbTf;F te;jhHfs;. mk;H (uyp) mtHfis jdJ

gilfSf;fhd jiyikj; jsgjpahf epakpj;jhH KMtpah (uyp). vfpg;jpd; kPJ ntw;wp ngw;W tpl;lhy;> vfpg;jpd;

ftHdH gjtpia mk;H (uyp) mtHfSf;F toq;Ftjw;F rk;kjKk; njhptpj;jhH. mk;H (uyp) mtHfSk;> KMtpah

(uyp) mtHfSk; ,ize;J nfhz;lJ> myp (uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;rpf;F kpfg; nghpa gpd;dilit Vw;gLj;jpaJ.

myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhf KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; fpsHe;njOe;j nghOJ mjw;fhd fhuzkhf mtH

Kd;itj;jJ> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyf;F vjpuhf eltbf;if vLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhf

,Ue;jJ> Mdhy; ,q;Nf kpfg; nghpa Fog;gk; vd;dntd;why;> ahH cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyr;

rk;gtj;jpw;F fhuzfHj;jhthf NeubahfNth my;yJ kiwKfNth nray;gl;lNuh mtUk;> ,d;Dk; vfpg;jpaHfis

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhfj; jpUg;gp tpl;ltUkhd xUtNuhL KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; ifNfhHj;J

nray;gl;lJ jhd; tuyhw;wpy; Ghpahj..> tpil fhz Kbahj Nehf;fj;ijf; nfhz;ljhf> mjpHr;rp

juj;jf;fjhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSld; mikjpg; Ngr;Rf;fhd Kd;Kaw;rp

myp (uyp) mtHfs; Kd;dpUe;j jpl;lk;

myp (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ jiyefuhf $/ghit Mf;fpf; nfhz;ljd; gpd;dH> rphpahtpd; gpur;idia xd;W

mikjpg; Ngr;RthHj;ijfs; %yk; jPHj;Jf; nfhs;tJ> mjw;F ,ayhj gl;rj;jpy; NghH eltbf;iffspy; ,wq;fp

tpLtJ> ,e;j ,uz;by; xd;iw vg;gbAk; nray;gLj;jpahf Ntz;Lk; vd;w KbT Kd;dpUe;J nfhz;bUe;jJ.

,];yhkpa xUikg;ghl;bw;Ff; Fe;jfk; Vw;glhjpUf;f Ntz;Lnkdpy;> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; myp (uyp) mtHfspd;

mjpfhuj;jpd; fPo; te;J tpl Ntz;Lk;. myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F mtH fPo;g;gba kWg;ghnud;why;> mtuJ

nrhy;Yf;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;L elf;f kWg;ghnud;why;> ve;j xU murpd; kPJk; fpsHr;rpahsHfSf;F vjpuhf eltbf;if

vLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ fl;lhakhfp tpLk;.

Page 193: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

cz;ikapy;> jhd; Ml;rpahsuhfj; NjHT nra;ag;gl;lTld; rphpahtpd; kPJ eltbf;if vLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Nw myp

(uyp) mtHfs; tpUk;gpdhHfs;. rphpahTf;F vjpuhd eltbf;iff;F kjPdh kf;fs; kpff; Fiwe;j MjuNt

toq;fpdhHfs;. ,d;Dk; jy;`h (uyp)> RigH (uyp) MfpNahHfsJ gpur;idAk; Kd;dpd;wJ. ,tHfSld;

,ize;J nfhz;L Map\h (uyp) mtHfs; g]uhitf; ifg;gw;wpf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,e;jr; #o;epiy> g]uhtpd; kPJ

Kjy; eltbf;if vLf;f epHg;ge;jpj;jJ> mjpfgl;r ,og;Gf;Fg; gpd;G g]uhit kPz;Lk; ifg;gw;wg;gl;lJ. g]uhtpd;

ntw;wpf;Fg; gpd;dH rphpahtpd; kPJ eltbf;if vLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w jpl;lk; ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; ,e;j NghH

eltbf;if jhkjk; MdJ. $/ghtpy; jdJ Ml;rpia xUq;fpizg;gjw;fhf mtUf;F rpy fhyk; Njitg;gl;lJ.

rphpahTf;F vjpuhd NghUf;F $/ghtpy; NghJkhd MjuT fpilj;Jk;> eltbf;ifia Nkw;nfhs;s mJ

cjtpfukhf mikatpy;iy. ,d;Dk; ]P];jhd; y; fpsHr;rp ntbf;f Muk;gpj;jJ. mq;Nf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l

eltbf;iff;Fg; gpd;dH> rpukg;gl;Nl fpsHr;rpia mlf;f Kbe;jJ.

rphpahtpw;fhd J}J

]P];jhdpy; Vw;gl;l Gul;rpia mlf;fpajw;Fg; gpd;G> kPz;Lk; myp (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ ftdj;ij rphpahtpd; kPJ

jpUg;gp nghOJ> mtH Ml;rpf;F te;J xU tUlk; epiwNtwp ,Ue;jJ. ,e;j ,ilg;gl;l fhyj;jpy; KMtpah (uyp)

mtHfs; jdJ ,Ug;ig gyg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L tpl;lhH. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfsJ gLnfhiyf;Fg; gop thq;f

Ntz;Lk; vd;w gpur;rhuj;jpy;> jd;id cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L tpl;;lhH. rphpahtpd; kPjhd eltbf;if Vw;fdNt

kpfTk; jhkjkhfp tpl;lJ> ntF tpiutpy; me;jg; gpur;idf;F xU Kw;Wg;Gs;sp itj;jhf Ntz;Lk; vd;w fl;lhak;

,g;nghOJ mtUf;F cUthfpaJ.

rphpahtpd; kPJ ,uhZt eltbf;if vLg;gjw;fhd midj;Jf; fhuzq;fSk; ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> me;jg; gpur;idia

mikjpahd Kiwapy; jPHj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F mtH jaf;fk; fhl;ltpy;iy. KMtpah (uyp) mtHfsplk; xU J}Jtiu

mDg;g tpUk;gpa myp (uyp) mtHfs;> mjw;Fg; nghWj;jkhdnjhU egH Ntz;LNk vd;W epidj;jhH. mjw;fhf

mtH [hPH gpd; mg;Jy;yh (uyp) vd;gtiuj; NjHT nra;jhH. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfsJ Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpd; nghOJ

`k;jhd; vd;w gpuNjrj;jpd; ftHduhfr; nray;gl;ltH mtH. mtiu mtuJ nghWg;gpy; njhlHe;J ,Uf;f

mDkjpj;jhHfs; myp (uyp) mtHfs;> ,d;Dk; mtH myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F thf;Fg;gpukhzk; nra;jtuhfTk;

,Ue;jhH. ,d;Dk; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;F neUq;fpa ez;gUk; $l. [hPH gpd; mg;Jy;yh (uyp) mtHfis

$/ghtpw;F tutioj;j myp (uyp) mtHfs;> jd;Dila rhHghf KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;fhd J}Jtuhf

mDg;gpaNjhL> myp (uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;rpf;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;L elf;f mtiug; gzpf;FkhW $wp mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;.

,jw;fpilapy; khypf; gpd; m];jH vd;gtH FWf;fpl;L> [hPH gpd; mg;Jy;yhit mDg;Gtjw;Fg; gjpyhf vd;id

mDg;gp itAq;fs;> mtH KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; Mj;k ez;guhf ,Ug;gjhy;> xUNtis mtH jdJ

ez;gUf;Fr; rhjfkhf ele;J cq;fSf;F ghjfkhd Kbitf; nfhz;L te;J tplyhk; vd;W mjw;fhd

fhuzkhff; $wpdhH. Mdhy; khypf; gpd; m];jH cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyapy; Neubahf

jiyapl;bUg;gtH vd;w mbg;gilapy; mtuJ Nahridia myp (uyp) mtHfs; js;Sgb nra;J tpl;lhHfs;.

[hPH gpd; mg;Jy;yh mtHfs; rphpahtpw;Fr; nrd;whHfs;. KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; mtiu ey;yKiwapy;

tuNtw;whHfs;. myp (uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;rpf;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;L elf;FkhW KMtpah (uyp) mtHfis Nfl;Lf;

nfhz;lhHfs;. myp ..> NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;L tpl;lnjhU Ml;rpahsH..> K];ypk; ck;kj; jd;Dila xUikg;ghl;ilg;

Ngzpf;fhf;f Ntz;baJ mtrpakhdnjhd;W> mjw;fhfNtDk; ePq;fs; myp (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikia Vw;Wf;

nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W [hPH (uyp) mtHfs; thf;Fthjk; nra;jhHfs;.

Mdhy; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfNsh> [hPH ePq;fs; ,q;F ele;J nfhz;bUg;gJ vd;dntd;gij ePq;fNs Neubahff;

fhz thUq;fs; vd;wioj;J> lkh];f]; gs;spthapy; fhl;rpf;F itf;fg;gl;bUe;j cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd;

,uj;jk; Njha;e;j MiliaAk;> ieyh (uyp) mtHfspd; ntl;b vLf;fg;gl;l iftpuiyAk; fhl;rpf;F

itf;fg;gl;bUg;gijAk;> mijf; fz;L tpl;L gs;spapy; Eiofpd;w xt;nthUtUk; fz;zPUld; cJkhd; (uyp)

mtHfs; gLnfhiyf;F Jf;fk; mD\;bg;gijAk; ghHj;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; mtHfs;..> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd;

gLnfhiyf;Fg; gopf;Fg; gop thq;fhky; tpLtjpy;iy vd;W rgjk; vLg;gijAk; ghHj;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; [hPH gpd;

mg;Jy;yh (uyp) mtHfs; rphpahtpd; Vida gFjpfSf;Fk; nrd;W ghHj;j nghOJ> fhZk; ,lnky;yhk; kf;fs;

NghUf;fhf jhahuhfpf; nfhz;bUg;gijAk; fz;lhHfs;.

jhd; fz;ltw;iw myp (uyp) mtHfsplk; [hPH gpd; mg;Jy;yh (uyp) mtHfs; njhptpj;jhHfs;. cJkhd; (uyp)

mtHfspd; gLnfhiyf;Fg; gop thq;Ftjw;fhf rphpahNt jahuhfpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ vd;whHfs;. ,jd; %yk;

Page 194: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

[hPH (uyp) mtHfis mDg;gpajd; Nehf;fk; jtpL nghbahdJ.

,jidf; fz;l khypf; gpd; m];jH (uyp)> ehd; Vw;fdNt vd;d nrhd;NdNdh mJNt ,g;nghOJ

ele;jpUf;fpd;wJ. mtH KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; Ms;..> vd;id ePq;fs; mDg;gp ,Uf;Fk;gl;rj;jpy;..> mjd;

tpisNt Ntwhfj; jhd; ,Ue;jpUf;Fk; vd;whH.

ePH mq;F Nghdhy; cd;id rphpah kf;fs; nfhiy nra;J tpLthHfs;..> [hf;fpuij vd;whH [hPH (uyp) mtHfs;.

mjw;F Kd; ehd; KMtpahitf; nfhd;W tpLNtd; vd;whH m];jH.

,g;nghOJ #lhd thHj;ijfis ,UtUk; ghpkhwpf; nfhs;s Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

,dp ,q;fpUg;gJ ey;yjy;y vd;w KbTf;F te;j [hPH (uyp) mtHfs;> rphpahtpy; jd;id ed;F ftdpj;Jf;

nfhz;l jdJ ez;gH KMtpah (uyp) mtHfsplNk jpUk;gpr; nrd;W tpl;lhH.

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSila J}J

myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhf KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; rphpah kf;fis cRg;Ngw;wp tpl;l gpd;dH>

K];ypk;fSf;fpilNa eilngwtpUf;Fk; ,e;j rz;ilia jLj;J epWj;jpahf Ntz;Lk; vd;W rpyH fsk;

,wq;fpdhHfs;. mG+ K];ypk; vd;gtuJ jiyikapy; ,aq;fpa me;j rkhjhdf; FO> Nghiuj; jtpHf;Fk;gb

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;F mwpTiu $wpaJ. Mdhy;> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfNsh..> ,uj;j ,og;Gf;F ,uj;j

,og;gPL ngwg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ xd;Nw jdJ Nehf;fk; vd;Wk;> mJ khHf;fk; typAWj;Jfpd;wnjhd;W jhd;

vd;Wk; $wpdhH. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyf;Ff; fhuzkhdtHfs; kPJ eltbf;if vLj;J> mjpy;

rk;ge;jg;gl;ltHfis vd;dplk; xg;gilf;Fk;gl;rj;jpy;> ehd; myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F thf;Fg; gpukhzk;

nra;tjw;Fj; jahuhf ,Uf;fpd;Nwd; vd;W $wpdhH.

rhp..> mg;gbnad;why; rkhjhdj; J}Jtuhf cq;fs; rhHgpy; $/gh nry;tjw;F ehd; jahuhf ,Uf;fpd;Nwd; vd;W

mG+ K];ypk; Kd;te;jhH. KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSk; ,jw;Fr; rk;kjpj;jhHfs;. KMtpah (uyp) mtHfsplkpUe;J

te;j J}Jtiu gs;spthrYf;F mioj;Jr; nrd;w myp (uyp) mtHfs;> mq;F itj;J te;jthpd; Nehf;fk;

vd;dntd;gij kf;fSf;F tpsf;fpdhHfs;. ,jidf; Nfl;l midtUk; xUkpj;j Fuypy;> 'ehq;fs; midtUNk

cJkhd; (uyp) nfhiy nra;jtHfs; jhd;" vd;whHfs;.

J}Jf;FOitj; jpUk;gpg; ghHj;j myp (uyp) mtHfs;> ,q;F ePq;fs; vd;d fhl;rpiaf; fz;BHfNsh mjid ePq;fs;

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfsplk; $wp tpLq;fs; vd;whHfs;. jdJ Nehf;fj;jpy; ntw;wp ngw ,aytpy;iyNa vd;w

Vkhw;wj;NjhL..> ftiyNahL mG+ K];ypk; mtHfs; mq;fpUe;J rphpahtpw;F gazkhdhHfs;.

,uz;L gf;fKk; tpl;Lf; nfhLf;fhj Nghf;F epyTkhdhy;> gpur;idia vt;thW jhd; mikjpahfj; jPHf;f KbAk;.

xU gf;fk; rphpah kf;fs; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyf;F vjpuhf gop thq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W

Jbf;fpd;whHfs;> kWgf;fk; ehq;fs; midtUNk cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; nfhiy gq;nfLj;jtHfs; jhd; vd;W

$Wfpd;whHfs;. ,e;j #o;epiyapy; NghH vd;gJ jtpHf;f ,ayhj xd;Nw vd;W jhd; Njhd;Wfpd;wJ.

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfsJ gLnfhiyapy; rk;ge;jg;gl;l g]uh kf;fSf;F vjpuhf Map\h (uyp) mtHfs;

eltbf;if vLj;jijg; Nghy> ehDk; Vd;.. me;j kf;fs; kPJ eltbf;if vLf;f KbahJ vd;W Map\h (uyp)

mtHfsJ me;j eltbf;ifia jdf;Fr; rhjfkhdnjhU Vw;ghlhf> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; fzf;fpl;Lf;

nfhz;lhHfs;.

Mdhy;> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; thjk; ntWkNd mjpfhuj;ijf; ifg;gw;Wtjw;fhf $wg;gLfpd;w rhf;Fg;

Nghf;F jhNd xopa Ntwpy;iy vd;gjhf myp (uyp) mtHfspd; epiyg;ghL ,Ue;jJ.

cz;ikapy; mtH ,uj;j ,og;gPl;L Nfhhpf;ifia Kd; itg;gtuhf ,Ue;jhy;> Kjypy; NjHT nra;ag;gl;lnjhU

muRf;F jdJ thf;Fg; gpukhzj;ijr; nrYj;jp tpl;L> gpd;G Kiwg;gb mjw;fhd Nfhhpf;ifia itf;fl;Lk; vd;W

myp (uyp) mtHfs; fUjpdhHfs;.

Ml;rpahsH vd;w Kiwapy; ehd; vd;d nrhy;y tUfpd;Nwd; vd;gij nrtp nfhLj;J Nfl;gjw;F KMtpah (uyp)

mtHfs; jahuhf ,y;yhjgl;rj;jpy;> NghH vd;gJ jtpHf;f ,ayhjJ. vt;thW jdf;F vjpuhfj; jpUk;gpa g\uh

kf;fSf;F vjpuhf eltbf;if vLf;fg;gl;lNjh> mjidg; NghyNt rphpahtpd; kPJk; eltbf;if vLf;fg;gLtJ

Page 195: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

jtpHf;f ,ayhj xd;Nw vd;W myp (uyp) mtHfs; KbTf;F te;jhHfs;.

KMtpah (uyp)> myp (uyp) ,ilNa ele;j fbjg; Nghf;Ftuj;Jfs;

e`;[{y; gyfh vd;w E}ypy; myp (uyp) mtHfs; vOjpa fbjq;fs; rpy ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd. ,e;j fbjq;fs;

,];yhkpa tuyhw;Wg; nghf;fp\q;fshfTk;> ,d;Dk; mtHfs; tho;e;j fhyj;jpy; Vw;gl;l gy;NtW gpur;idfspd;

gpd;dzpfs; Fwpj;Jk; gy;NtW jfty;fis ,jd; %yk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ.

fyp/gh NjHjy; Fwpj;j tpkHrdk;

myp (uyp) mtHfis fyp/ghthfj; NjHT nra;ag;gl;lij KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; vjpHj;jhHfs;. mjw;F>

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfisAk;> ckH (uyp) mtHfisAk;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfisAk; Ml;rpahsHfshf ve;j

kf;fs; NjHe;njLj;jhHfNsh> me;j kf;fisf; nfhz;Nl ehd; NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;Nwd;> ,d;Dk; vd;id

Ml;rpahsuhf mtHfs; xg;Gf; nfhz;L rj;jpag; gpukhzKk; nra;J tpl;lhHfs;> ,d;Dk; vd;id mt;thwhd

Kiwapy; NjHT nra;ag;gl;ljd; gpd;G> mq;fpUg;gtHfs; ,d;Dk; me;j rigapy; ,y;yhjtHfs; vd ahUk; mjid

kWj;Jiuf;f KbahJ. ,d;Dk; NjHTf; fkpl;bapy; K`h[pHfSk;> md;]hHfSk; jtpu NtW ahUk; ,y;iy>

vg;nghOJ vd;id mtHfs; Ml;rpj;jiytuhf NjHe;njLj;J tpl;lhHfNsh> mjid KO ,];yhkpa ck;kj;Jk;

Vw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;baJ fl;lhaKk; Mfp tpl;lJ. ,t;thW Ml;rpj; jiytiuj; NjHe;njLj;jjd; gpd;dH>

mt;thW NjHT nra;ag;gl;lijAk;> NjHT nra;jtHfisAk; vtuhtJ kWj;J mjw;F vjpuhf tpkHrpj;J

fUj;Jiug;ghuhfpy;> mtH fpsHr;rpahsuhfNt fUjg;gLthH> fpsHr;rpahsHfis vt;thW elj;jg;gl Ntz;LNkh

mt;thNw mtUk; elj;jg;gLtjw;FhpatuhthH.

X KMtpah..! ,e;j tptfhuj;jpy; cz;ikapy;..> NeHikahf> ve;jtpj ghugl;rKkpd;wp ePq;fs; KbT

vLg;gPHfnsd;W nrhd;dhy;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyapy; vdf;F ve;jtpj rk;ge;jKk; ,y;iy

vd;gij ePq;fs; fz;L nfhs;tPHfs;. Mdhy; ,d;iwf;F ePq;fs; vOg;Gfpd;w ,e;j gpur;id Kw;wpYk; mjw;F

NeHkhwhdJ> jtpu cq;fsJ Ra tpUg;gq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; cs;Nehf;fk; nfhz;Nl jtpu ,g;gpur;idapy;

vd;id ePq;fs; Fw;wg;gLj;jtpy;iy vd;whHfs;.

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; gjpy;

myp (uyp) mtHfs; $wpa fUj;Jf;F Neubahf gjpiyj; juhky; kPz;Lk; myp (uyp) mtHfisNa KMtpah (uyp)

mtHfs; Fw;wg;gLj;jp> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSila gLnfhiyAld; rk;ge;jg;gLj;jpdhHfs;. mjw;F myp (uyp)

mtHfs; ,t;thW gjpyspj;jhHfs; : ''ehd; cq;fSila gjpiyg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;Nld;> mJ ngha;fs; epuk;gpa

fhfpjNk md;wp Ntwpy;iy> ,d;Dk; mjpy; cq;fsJ nfl;l Nehf;fq;fisNa ntspg;gLj;jp ,Ue;jPHfs;. me;jf;

fbjj;ij vOjpa kdpjH vj;jifatH vdpy;> mtH ,Ul;lhd ghijia mwpe;J nfhs;s cjTk; xspiag;

NghyTk; ,y;iy> ,d;Dk; ,Ul;Lg; ghijia mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;F cjTgtiuAk; gpd;gw;wpajhfTk; ,y;iy.

mjpy; cq;fsJ cs;Nehf;fj;ijj; jtpu Ntnwhd;Wk; ,y;iy. cq;fsJ fbjk; ve;jtpj mHj;jKkw;wJ>

MjhuKkw;wJ. cz;ikapy; rl;lg;gb rj;jpag; gpukhzk; vd;gJ xNu xU Kiwjhd; vLf;fg;gLk;> mJTk; ele;J

Kbe;jhfp tpl;lJ. ,Wjp KbTk; nra;ag;gl;L tpl;lJ> mjid khw;Wtjw;Nfh> kPz;Lk; tpl;l ,lj;jpypUe;J

Muk;gpf;fNth ,ayhjJ. vtnuhUtH igmj; vd;w rj;jpag; gpukhzj;ij vjpHf;fpd;whNuh> mtH cz;ikapy;

,];yhj;ijf; iftpl;L tpl;ltuhthH"" vd;W vOjpdhH.

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyNahL rk;ge;jg;gl;ltHfs; tptfhuk;

rhp..> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyapy; rk;ge;jg;gl;ltHfis vd;dplk; xg;gilf;f Ntz;baJ jhNd..

vd;whH KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;. mjw;F myp (uyp) mtHfs; ,t;thW gjpy; mDg;gpdhHfs; :

ek;Kila rKjhak; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis gLnfhiy nra;tjw;F Kaw;rpj;j epfo;Tfisr;

re;jpj;jpUf;fpd;wJ. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisAk;> mtHfisg; gpd;gw;wpNahHfisAk; NtuWj;J tpl Ntz;Lk;

vd;W mtHfs; tpUk;gpdhHfs;. mtHfs; ek;ik mopj;J tpl gy;NtW je;jpuq;fisf; ifahz;lhHfs;. jz;zPH

$lj; ju kWj;jhHfs;. ek;kPJ nrhy;nyhz;zh Jauq;fisf; fl;ltpo;j;J tpl;lhHfs;. my;yh`;> ek;Kila

cjtpf;F te;jhd;> ek;Kila khHf;fj;ijf; fhg;ghw;wpj; je;jhd;. ,e;j rkaq;fspy; ,iwek;gpf;ifahsHfs;

jq;fSf;F NeHe;j nfhLikfisg; nghWikAld; rfpj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;> Mdhy; epuhfhpg;ghsHfNsh jq;fsJ

Fyf; nfsutj;ijAk; jq;fsJ Fyj;jhHfSf;F MjuthfTNk ,Ue;jhHfs;. vg;nghOnjy;yhk; NghH

cr;rj;Jf;Fr; nrd;wNjh mg;nghOnjy;yhk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; Nghhpd; Kjy; mzpapy; jd;Dila

Page 196: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

cwtpdHfisNa epWj;jpdhHfs;. mJNt mtHfsJ gof;fkhfTk; ,Ue;jJ. gj;Ug; Nghhpy; cigjh gpd; `hhpj;

(uyp) mtHfs; tPukuzk; mile;jhHfs;. c`Jg; Nghhpy; `k;]h (uyp) mtHfs; tPukuzk; mile;jhHfs;.

Kmj;jh Nghhpy; vd;Dila %j;j rNfhjuH [hgH (uyp) mtHfs; tPu kuzk; mile;jhHfs;. Nkw;fz;l NghHfspy;

ehd; gpd;Df;F epw;ftpy;iy> khwhf tPukuzk; vd;id te;J mizj;Jf; nfhs;stpy;iy. ,J vdJ

nfhLikahd fhyk; NghYk;> vdf;F Kd;dhy; ,uz;L mb $l vLj;J itf;fj; njhpahj xUtUld; ehd;

Ngr;RthHj;ij elj;jpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwd;> ,d;Dk; mtH vd;id tpl jdf;Nf Kd;Dhpik toq;f Ntz;Lk;

vd;W NtW Nfhhpf;if tpLf;fpd;whH. vd;kPJ ahuhtJ gopRkj;JthHfnsd;why;> mtHfis my;yh`; ghHj;Jf;

nfhs;thd;. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyapy; rk;ge;jg;gl;ltHfis cq;fsplk; xg;gilg;gJ vd;gijg;

nghWj;jtiuapy;> mjw;F ehd; xg;Gf; nfhs;s khl;Nld;> ,J vdJ mjpfhuj;jpw;F vjpuhf ePq;fs; nra;Ak;

fpsHr;rpahFk;> ,d;Dk; ehd; cq;fis fpsHr;rpahsuhfNt fUJfpd;Nwd;"" vd;W vOjpdhHfs;.

rthy;

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; NghH jhd; ,Wjp KbT NghYk; vd;whH> mjw;F myp (uyp) mtHfs; mspj;j gjpy; tUkhW

:

X KMtpah..! ePq;fs; mzpe;jpUf;fpd;w ,e;j cyf moFfis cq;fsplk; ,Ue;J mg;Gwg;gLj;jp tpl;lhy; ePq;fs;

vd;d jhd; nra;tPHfs;. ,e;j cyf Mir cq;fisf; ftHe;J tpl;lJ. mjd; tiyfis tphpj;J tpl;lJ>

,d;Dk; mjpy; ePq;fs; khl;bf; nfhz;L tpl;BHfs;. ,e;j cyf Mir ck;ik miof;fpd;wJ> mjd; miog;ig

ePq;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;Lk; tpl;BHfs;. ve;jtpj xspT kiwTfs; ,y;yhj> ghJfhg;Gg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s

KbahjnjhU ehis ehk; re;jpf;f ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;gij ePq;fs; kwe;J tpl;BHfs;. vdNt jhd; ePq;fs;

topNfl;bd; ghy; nrd;W nfhz;bUf;fpd;wPHfs;. cq;fsJ fzf;ifj; jahH nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs;>,d;Dk;

cq;fis Ml;nfhs;stpUf;fpd;w mrk;ghtpjj;jpypUe;J cq;fisj; jw;fhj;Jf; nfhs;sj; jahuhfpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

topNfl;bd; ghy; nrd;W tpl;ltHfspd; MNyhridfis ePq;fs; nrtpkLf;fhjPHfs;. ePq;fs; ve;j topNfl;bd; ghy;

,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wPHfNsh mjpypUe;J ePq;fs; jtpHe;J nfhs;stpy;iy vd;why;> ftdj;jpy; nfhs;Sq;fs;>

vjid ePq;fs; kwe;J tpl;BHfNsh mjid Qghfg;gLj;j itg;Ngd;. ePq;fs; vd;d? i\j;jhdpd; fgsPfu

tiyapy; tPo;e;J tpl;lnjhU kdpjd;. i\j;jhd; jhd; cq;fsJ KO Kjy; topfhl;b> ,d;Dk; cq;fsplk;

fhzg;gLfpd;w midj;Jf;Fk; mtNd topfhl;b. X KMtpah ..! vq;Nf nrhy;Yq;fs;> ePq;fs; vg;nghOJ xU

r%fj;jpw;F jiytuhf ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;wPHfs;> ,d;Dk; kf;fspd; Ml;rpahsHfshf ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;wPHfs;..!?

,];yhj;jpid tpl cq;fSf;F Kd;Dhpik vd;gJ fpilahJ. ,d;Dk; me;j [h`pypa;ah fhyj;jpy; $l ePq;fs;

ve;jtpj gjtpapYk; ,Ue;jJ fpilahJ. my;yh`;tplk; ghJfhg;Gj; Njbf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. JujpU\;lkhdJ

cq;fis topjtwr; nra;J tpl;lJ. cq;fsJ tpUg;gq;fs; kw;Wk; ngUikAk; jhd; ,g;nghOJ nfhSe;J tpl;L

vhpe;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. mopit Nehf;fpNa ePq;fs; nrd;W nfhz;bUf;fpd;wPHfs; vd;W vOjpdhHfs;.

ePq;fs;.. vd;id NghUf;F miof;fpd;wPHfs;. ey;yJ..> cq;fNshL ,Ug;gtHfs; midtiuAk; jdpNa epw;fr;

nrhy;Yq;fs;> vk;NkhL ePq;fs; NeUf;F NeH Nkhj thUq;fs; ghHg;Nghk;. Vd; midj;J egHfSk; MAjk;

nfhz;L iffyg;gpy; ,wq;f Ntz;Lk;. Kjypy; ekf;Fs; ,Uf;Fk; gpur;idia ehNk jPHj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;>

mg;nghOJ ahH topNfl;by; ,Uf;fpd;whHfs;> ahH FUl;Lj;jdkhd nfhs;ifapy; ,Uf;fpd;wPHfs; vd;gJk; njhpe;J

tpLk;. njhpAkh cq;fSf;F.. gj;Ug; Nghhpy; cq;fsJ jha;top jhj;jhitAk;> khkdhiuAk;> ,d;Dk;

rNfhjuiuAk; ehd; jhd; nfhd;Nwd;. ePq;fs; ,];yhj;Jf;Fs; te;jNj NtW fij..> cq;fsJ trjpf;fhf

,];yhj;jpw;Fs; te;jPHfs;> ,];yhj;jpw;Fs; ePq;fs; Eioe;jPHfNs jtpu> ,];yhk; xU ek;gpf;ifahf ,d;Dk;

cq;fsJ kdjpy; Eioatpy;iy jhd; NghYk;. ePq;fs; jhd; ,g;nghOJ cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyf;F

gopf;Fg; gop thq;fpNa jPUtJ vd;W fsk; ,wq;fp cs;sPHfs;. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyapy; ahH ahH

rk;ge;jg;gl;bUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;gij ed;whfNt ePq;fs; mwptPHfs;. cz;ikapy; cq;fsJ Kbtpy; ePq;fs;

cWjpahf ,Ug;gPHfs; vd;W nrhd;dhy;> ahH ahnuy;yhk; mjw;Ff; fhuzkhdtHfNsh mtHfs; kPJ jhd; ePq;fs;

gop jPHf;f Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; ehNdh..> cq;fsJ Nehf;fk; Ntwhf ,Ug;gijNa ehd; fhz;fpd;Nwd;. NghH vd;W

Muk;gpj;J tpl;lhy;> fhak; gl;l xl;lfk; vg;gb mywpf; nfhz;L XLNkh mg;gbj;jhd; ePq;fs; Xl;lnkLg;gPHfs;.

,e;jg; Nghhpy; cq;fSila kdpjHfs; milag; NghFk; fjpiag; gw;wp ehd; mr;rg;gLfpd;Nwd;. cq;fsJ Ml;fs;

my;yh`;tpd; gf;fk; jpUk;Gk;gbf; $Wfpd;whHfs;> ,Ug;gpDk; mtHfs; my;yh`;tpd; thHj;ijiag;

ngha;g;gpf;fpd;whHfs;> ,d;Dk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;l rj;jpag;gpukhzj;ijAk; mtHfs; kPWfpd;whHfs;.

Ml;rpg; gFjpfis gphpj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;

Page 197: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

rhp..> ekf;fpilNa Vd; gpur;idfSk;> gpsTfSk;..> K];ypk;fSila Ml;rpg; gFjpfis ehk; gphpj;Jf;

nfhs;Nthk;..> rphpahit vd;Dila nghWg;gpy; tpl;L tpLq;fs; vd;whH KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;. mjw;F myp (uyp)

mtHfs; ,t;thW gjpyspj;jhHfs; :

rphpahit cq;fsJ nghWg;gpy; tpl;L tpLtJ vd;w cq;fsJ Nfhhpf;ifiag; nghWj;jtiu> mjid ehd;

New;iwf;Nf kWj;J tpl;l xd;W> ,d;iwf;F me;jf; Nfhhpf;if itj;jhy; ehd; vg;gb rk;kjpg;Ngd;. NghH vd;gJ

muGf;fspd; tsj;ij mopj;J tpLk; vd;W $Wfpd;wPHfs;> xd;iw kdjpy; itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;> ahH

my;yh`;Tf;fhf Aj;jk; nra;jhHfNsh mtHfs; Rtdj;ijf; $ypahfg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;thHfs;> ,d;Dk; ahH ,e;j

cyf Mjhaj;jpw;fhf Aj;jk; nra;jhHfNsh mtHfs; eufj;ijNa jq;fsJ ,Ug;gplkhf Mf;fpf; nfhs;thHfs;.

,uhZtg; gyj;ij nghWj;jtiu> ePq;fs; nra;Ak; kjpg;gPfs;> ntWk; kjpg;gPLfs; jhd;> ,d;Dk; kjpg;gPLfs;

vg;nghOJk; rhpahf ,Ue;J tpLtJk; ,y;iy. ,d;ndhd;iwAk; kdjpy; itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;> rphpahtpd;

kf;fs; vt;thW ,e;j cyfj;jpd; kPJ ve;jsT Mir itj;jpUf;fpd;whHfNsh> mjidg; NghyNt <uhf; kf;fSk;

Rtdj;jpd; kPJ Mir nfhz;ltHfshf ,Uf;fpd;whHfs;. cq;fsJ $w;iwg; nghWj;jtiu ehk; ,UtUk; mg;Jy;

kdh/g; vd;gtUila topj;Njhd;wy;fs; jhd;> Mdhy; xd;iw epidTgLj;jpf; nfhs;tJ ey;yJ> gD}

cika;ahf;fs; vg;nghOJk; gD} `h\pk;fSf;F epfuhfp tpl KbahJ.

`Hg; vd;gtH mg;Jy; Kj;jypg;Gf;F <lhf KbahJ. R/g;ahd; mG+jhypg;gpw;F <lhf KbahJ> ,d;Dk; rj;jpaKk;

mrj;jpaKk; ,izahf KbahJ. ,iwj;J}jH vq;fspy; ,Ue;Nj te;jtH vd;gij ePq;fs; kwe;J jhd;

NghdPHfs;. me;j ,iwj;J}Jj;Jtj;jpd; fhuzkhf gyk; nghUe;jpatHfs; gzpe;jhHfs;> mbkl;lj;jpy;

fple;jtHfs; $z; epkpHe;jhHfs;. ,];yhk; jd;Dila ntw;wpiaf; fz;L nfhz;l nghOJ rpyH tpUk;gpNah

tpUk;ghkNyh ,];yhj;jpw;Fs; mb vLj;J itj;jhHfs;> mr;rj;jpd; fhuzkhf my;yJ ngUikf;fhf ,];yhj;ijf;

nfhs;ifahf Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. Mdhy; ,d;iwa jUzj;jpy;> ePq;fs; nra;a Ntz;baJ vd;dntd;why;

i\j;jhd; cq;fis kpifj;J tplhky; ghHj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj vd;Dila mwpTiuahFk; vd;W

fbjj;ij Kbj;jhHfs; myp (uyp) mtHfs;.

myp (uyp) mtHfSk;> mtUf;F Kd;dpUe;j jiytHfSk;

myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; vOjpa ,d;ndhU fbjj;jpy;> cq;fSf;F Kd; Ml;rp nra;j

jiytHfSf;F ePq;fs; KO kdjhf MjuT ey;ftpy;iy vd;W Fwpg;gpl;lhHfs;. ,jpy; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd;

Nehf;fk; vd;dntd;why;> myp (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ %j;j jiytHfs; gw;wp VjhtJ tha; jtwpr; nrhy;yp tpl

Ntz;Lk;> mjid jd;Dila gpur;rhj;jpw;F rhjfkhfg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhfNt ,Ue;jJ.

mjw;F myp (uyp) mtHfs; ,t;thW gjpy; $wpdhHfs; :

,iwtd; jd;Dila J}juhf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisj; NjHe;njLj;Jf; nfhz;lhd;> mtuJ Nghjidfis

mtuJ NjhoHfs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs; vd;W $Wfpd;wPHfs;. ,];yhj;jpy; ,d;dhH ,d;dhUf;F Kd;Dhpik vd;wh

$Wfpd;wPHfs;. ePq;fs; NfhUtJ Nghy mJ ,Ue;J> mJ rhpahfTk; ,Uf;Fk;gl;rj;jpy; mjw;Fk; cq;fSf;Fk;

Jspf;$lr; rk;ge;jkpy;iyNa> mJ mt;thwpy;iy vd;why; cq;fs; kPJ ve;jf; Fw;wKkpy;iy. ,jpy; ,d;dhH

,d;dhUf;Fj; jhd; Kd;Dhpik vd;W vg;gb cq;fshy; $w Kbe;jJ. ,e;jg; gpur;idia ePq;fs; fpsg;gpajd;

%yk;> jPHg;G toq;ff; $ba ePjpgjpiaNa Fw;wthspahfr; rpj;jhpg;gJ NghypUf;fpd;wJ.

ePq;fs; topNfl;bd; gf;fk; kpf tpiuthfNt nrd;W nfhz;bUf;fpd;wPHfs;. ePq;fs; midj;J tuk;GfisAk; kPwp

tpl;BHfs;. JHelj;ijapypUe;J tpyfpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. epidtpy; nfhs;Sq;fs;> ahiu my;yh`; jd;Dila

J}juhf Vw;Wf; nfhz;L tpl;lhNdh> mj;jifa ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; FLk;gj;jtHfs; ehk;. vk;Kila

Fyj;jpidr; NrHe;jtHfs; cq;fsJ Fyj;jpidr; NrHe;jtHfisf; fz;fhzpg;gtHfshf ,Uf;fpd;whHfs; vd;W

ePq;fs; epidf;fpd;wPHfsh> Mdhy; mt;thwy;y> cq;fSf;Fs; ,Uf;Fk; me;jj; jho;Tkdg;ghd;ikia mfw;wNt

cq;fSld; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; rpy jpUkzj; njhlHGfis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,];yhj;jpy;

vq;fSf;F Kd;Dhpik ,Ug;gjhf ehq;fs; fUJfpd;Nwhk;> mjid Kd; itf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;why; ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfs; vq;fisr; NrHe;jtHfs;> ,d;Dk; mtUf;F vq;fis ehq;fs; mHg;gzpj;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk;. vdf;F

Kd;dhy; nrd;W tpl;l Ml;rpj; jiytHfisg; ghHj;J ehd; nghwhikg;gl;ljhfTk;> ,d;Dk; mtHfSld;

el;GhpikAld; ,Ue;jpy;iy vd;Wk; Fw;wk; rhl;b ,Uf;fpd;wPHfs;.

jtwhd ,e;jf; Fw;wr;rhl;il ePq;fs; vd; kPJ itj;jpUe;jhYk;> mjpy; vdf;Fg; ngUikiaj; jhd; Njbj;

je;jpUf;fpd;wPHfs;. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSld; ehd; ele;J nfhz;l tpjk; gw;wp ePq;fs; Fw;wk;

Page 198: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

Rkj;jpapUf;fpd;wPHfs;. ePq;fs; Nfl;bUe;j me;jf; Nfs;tpf;F ehd; gjpy; nfhLj;Nj Mf Ntz;Lk;. jaTnra;J

ckJ ,jaj;ijf; Nfl;Lg; ghUq;fs;..! cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; nfhy;yg;gLjtw;fhd tiyia tphpj;jtH ehdh

my;yJ ePq;fsh. mtUf;F ghJfhg;Gf; nfhLg;gjpy; khWgl;l Kiwapy; ePq;fs; jhd; ele;J nfhz;BHfs;> Mdhy;

ehNdh me;jg; gpur;idia KbTf;Ff; nfhz;L tUtjpy; vd;dhy; Md midj;ijAk; nra;Njd;. Mdhy; mtuJ

Ml;rpf; nfhs;ifapy; vdf;Ff; fUj;JNtWghL ,Ue;jJ vd;gij xj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;> Mdhy; mjw;fhf ehd;

ck;kplk; kd;dpg;Gf; Nfl;fg; Nghtjpy;iy. mtUf;F ehd; Kbe;j Nghnjy;yhk; mwpTiu $wp te;Njd;> Mdhy;

mtNuh mjid nrtpNaw;fTk; ,y;iy> my;yJ xj;Jf; nfhs;sTk; ,y;iy. ths; Kidiag; ghPl;rpj;Jg;

ghHg;gijj; jtpu NtW cghak; ,y;iy vd;W ePq;fs; vOjp ,Ue;jijg; ghHj;J> vdf;Fr; rphpg;Gj; jhd; te;jJ.

NghH jpzpf;fg;gl;lhy;> mg;Jy; Kj;jypg;gpd; Foe;ijfs; ths; Kidf;Fg; gae;jtHfs; my;yJ NghH Kidia

tpl;Lk; ntUz;NlhLgtHfs; vd;gij ePq;fs; vg;nghOJ fz;Lgpbj;jPHfs;. ,d;\h my;yh`;..> cq;fis NeUf;F

NeH re;jpf;f vd;Dila gilfSld; Gwg;gl;L tUfpd;Nwd;.

myp (uyp) rphpahit Nehf;fpg; gazk;

myp (uyp) mtHfsJ gilfs;

,uz;L gf;fKk; NghH vd;gijj; jtpHf;f ,ayhJ Ngha; tpl;l nghOJ> ,uz;L gf;fKk; gilfisj; jahH

nra;tjpy; ftdk; nrYj;j Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. myp (uyp) mtHfNsh kpfTk; cWjpahd 90>000 giltPuHfisf;

nfhz;l ,uhZtj;ijf; fl;likj;jhHfs;. mtHfspy; $/gh> <uhf;> g\uh kw;Wk; kjPdh kf;fSk; mlq;FtH.

khypf; gpd; m];jH mtHfis jdJ jiyikj; jsgjpahf myp (uyp) mtHfs; epakpj;jhHfs;. gy;NtW gphpTfshf

,uhZtk; gphpf;fg;gl;L> xt;nthd;Wk; xt;nthU jiyikapd; fPo; gphpf;fg;gl;L> me;jj; jiyikapd; fPo; Rakhf

,aq;f Muk;gpj;jJ.

,uz;L gf;fKk; jfty;fs; ghpkhwpf; nfhs;sg;gl;ld> ahH vq;F tUtJ vd;gJ Fwpj;j Kbtpy; myp (uyp)

mtHfSf;F Kd;Dhpik toq;fg;gl;lJ> mjhtJ myp (uyp) mtHfs; rphpahTf;F tUtjh? my;yJ rphpahtpd;

gilfs; <uhf;fpw;F tUtjh? vd;gjpy;> myp (uyp) mtHfs; rphpahit Nehf;fp tUtjw;F ,zq;fpdhHfs;. fp.gp.657

khHr; khjk;> myp (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikapy; xl;L nkhj;j gilAk; $/ghtpypUe;J Gwg;gl;lJ. gpd;dH U/gh

vd;w ,lj;jpypUe;J gil kjPdhit Nehf;fpr; nrd;wJ. mq;fpUe;J NkYk; gy gilfs; myp (uyp) mtHfSld;

,ize;J nfhz;ld. kjPdhtpypUe;J myp (uyp) mtHfs; rphpahit Nehf;fpr; nrd;whHfs;. nk]gNlhkpahtpd;

Nkw;gFjpf;Fr; nrd;W mq;fpUe;J tlf;Fg; gf;fkhf rphpahtpw;Fs; Eioa Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj myp (uyp) mtHfspd;

jpl;lkhf ,Ue;jJ. gilapd; Kd;dzpf; fhty; gil A+g;ub]; ejpf; fiuapd; Nkw;Ff; fiug; gf;fkhfr; nrd;wJ.

Kf;fpa gilg;gphpthdJ myp (uyp) mtHfspd; fl;lisapd; fPo; ilf;hP]; ejpf; fiu topahfr; nrd;wJ> mq;fpUe;J

nk]gNghNlhkpahtpd; ghiytdj;jpw;Fs; gilfs; Eioe;jd.

ghiytd topahf..

ghiytd topahf gilfs; nry;tJ kpfTk; fbdkhf ,Ue;jJ. kpf ePz;l gazj;jpy; jz;zPH kpf Kf;fpakhd

gpur;idahf cUntLj;jJ> jz;zPH ,y;yhjJ gilf;Fs; kpfg; nghpa gpur;idia cUthf;fpaJ. myp (uyp)

mtHfs; rpwpanjhU FOit mDg;gp> ghiytdj;jpy; thof; $ba eNlhb kf;fsplk; mUfpy; vq;fhtJ jz;zPH

fpilf;Fkh vd;W Nfl;L tUkhW mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. Mdhy; me;j ehNlhb kf;fNsh ,q;F mUfpy; fpzNwh

my;yJ Cw;Wf;fNsh VJkpy;iy vd;W njhptpj;J tpl;;lhHfs;.

,e;jg; gFjpapy; rpy E}w;whz;LfSf;F Kd;dhy; A+j FUkhHfs; rpyH fpzW Njhz;bajhf xU tuyhw;Wj;

jftiy myp (uyp) mtHfs; Nfs;tpg;gl;bUe;jhHfs;. myp (uyp) mtHfs; mDg;gp itj;j FOf;fspy; vJTk;

mg;gbg;gl;lnjhU fpzNwh my;yJ Cw;Nwh ,e;jg; gFjpapy; ,y;iy vd;w jftiyj; jhd; nfhz;L

te;jpUe;jhHfs;. vdpDk; xNu xU FO kl;Lk; jq;fSld; xU fpwp];jt Jwtp xUtiu mioj;J

te;jpUe;jhHfs;. mtuJ $w;Wg;gb ,e;jg; gFjpapy; mg;gbg;gl;lnjhU Cw;W ,Ue;jjhfTk;> ,g;nghOJ mJ tw;wp

tpl;ljhfTk; jfty; je;jhH. NkYk; me;jj; Jwtp $wpdhH> gof;fhy nrtptopr; nra;jpg;gb> ,e;jg; gFjpapy; xU

kiwthdnjhU fpzW ,Ug;gjhfTk;> mjd; tha;g;gFjp fy;yhy; milf;fg;gl;bUg;gjhfTk;> Mdhy; mjd; rhpahd

,lj;ij vtUk; mwpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy vd;Wk; mtH $wpdhH. guk;giu guk;giuahf tUk; ,e;jr; nra;jpapd; %yk;>

vtUk; me;jf; fpzw;iw mwpe;J nfhs;s KbahJ vd;Wk;> Mdhy; xU ,iwj;J}jH my;yJ mtuJ gpujpepjpahd

xUtuhy; kl;LNk jtpu NtWahuhYk; mjidf; fz;L gpbf;f KbahJ vd;w jftiyAk; mtH $wpdhH.

Page 199: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

mjprakhd me;jf; fpzW

,g;nghOJ myp (uyp) mtHfs; jhNd Kd; nrd;W me;jf; fpzw;iw fz;Lgpbf;fg; Gwg;gl;lhHfs;. mg;nghOJ xU

,lj;jpy; Vuhskhd fw;Ftpay;fs; fple;jd. me;jg; gFjpiaj; Njhz;Lk;gb jd;Dila NjhoHfSf;F

cj;jutpl;lhHfs;. mjprakhd tifapy; me;j ,lj;jpy; fpzW fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lNjhly;yhky;> me;jg; gilapdhpd;

Njitf;Fk; Nghf kpr;rkhfNt mjpy; jz;zPH ,Ue;jJ. goq;fhyf; fpzW fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lij jdJ fz;zhy;

Nehpy; fz;l me;j fpwp];jtj; Jwtp mjpraj;Jg; NghdhH. vq;fsJ Ntjq;fs; Kd;dwptpj;jgb> ePq;fs; jhd;

me;j ,iwj;J}jhpd; gpujpepjpahtPHfs; vd;W $wpdhH. mg;nghONj me;jj; Jwtp myp (uyp) mtHfspd; fuq;fspy;

,];yhj;ijj; jOtpdhH. mg;nghOJ <]h (miy) mtHfsJ NjhoHfspy; xUtuhd ]pNkhd; vd;gtUf;Fr;

nrhe;jkhdJk;> ,iwj;J}jH xUtH Njhd;wtpUf;fpd;whH vd;w Kd;dwptpg;igf; nfhz;lJkhdnjhU goq;fhy

Xiy xd;iw myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F me;jg; GjpatH ghprhf toq;fpdhH. ,d;Dk; me;j goq;fhy VlhdJ>

,Wjpj; J}jH xUtuJ gpujpepjpahfpa xUtH me;jf; fpzw;iwj; jpwg;ghH vd;Wk; mjpy; Kd;dwptpg;Gr;

nra;ag;gl;bUe;jJ.

me;jg; ghiy tdj;jpy; xU fpzW fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ> myp (uyp) mtHfSld; te;jpUe;j gilapdUf;F kpfg;

nghpa epk;kjpiaj; je;jJ. ,d;Dk; ,e;j epfo;r;rpahdJ mtHfsplk; gz;ghl;L eltbf;ifia Nkk;gLj;jp

,Ue;jJ> ,d;Dk; ehk; rj;jpaj;jpw;fhfNt NghH nra;af; fpsk;gpapUf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;wnjhU czHit Vw;gLj;jpaJ.

mJkl;Lky;y> ,e;jf; fpzW fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ me;jg; ghiytdj;J ehNlhbfsplKk; xUtpj jhf;fj;ij

Vw;gLj;jpaNjhL> myp (uyp) mtHfs; kPJ Vw;gl;l me;j ey;nyz;zj;jpd; fhuzkhf> mtHfSk; KMtpah (uyp)

mtHfSf;F vjpuhfg; Nghhpy; fye;J nfhs;sg; Gwg;gl;lhHfs;.

rpg;gpid Nehf;fp..

,g;nghOJ ghiytdj;ijf; fle;jhfp tpl;lJ> myp (uyp) mtHfsJ gilapdUk; ,g;nghOJ A+g;ub]; ejpf;

fiuapd; ,lJ gf;fkhf cs;s my; uf;fh vd;w gFjpia Nehf;fpr; nrd;whHfs;. mq;fpUe;J ejpiag; gilapdH

fle;jhf Ntz;Lk;. my; uf;fh gFjpapdhplk; jq;fSf;fhf glFfisAk;> ,d;Dk; me;j ejpiaf; flg;gjw;F

VJthf ghyj;ijAk; fl;bj; jUkhW NfhhpdhHfs;. Mdhy; K];ypk;fSf;fpilapy; elf;Fk; ,e;jg; Nghhpy; ehq;fs;

eLepiyahf ,Ue;J nfhs;sNt tpUk;Gfpd;Nwhk;> vdNt vq;fshy; fl;bj; ju ,ayhJ vd;W $wp tpl;ldH.

Mdhy;> khypf; gpd; m];jH mtHfNsh..> mtHfisg; ghHj;Jf; $wpdhH> xd;W vq;fSf;F ePq;fs; glFfisAk;>

,d;Dk; ghyj;ijAk; fl;bj; jhUq;fs;..> ,y;iy vd;why; tpisTfisr; re;jpf;fj; jahuhf ,Uq;fs; vd;whH.

gpd;dH> mtHfSf;Fs; fye;J Ngrpa gpd;dH> myp (uyp) mtHfsJ gilapdH Nfhhpatw;iwr; nra;J jUtjhf

xg;Gf; nfhz;L> mjid epiwNtw;wpAk; nfhLj;jdH. gpd;dH myp (uyp) mtHfspd; gil A+g;ub]; ejpiaf; flf;f

Muk;gpj;jJ.

ejpiaf; fle;jTld; ejpapd; tyJ gf;ff; fiuNahukhfr; nrd;w gil> mypg;Ngh it Nehf;fp efu Muk;gpj;jJ.

mq;Nf rphpahtpidr; NrHe;j ghJfhg;Gg; gil xd;iwr; re;jpf;f NeHe;jJ. myp (uyp) mtHfSld; Nkhjp Mgj;ij

tpiyf;F thq;fpf; nfhs;sj; jahuhf ,y;yhj mtHfs;> ve;jtpj vjpHg;Gk; fhl;lhky; mq;fpUe;J tpyfpr; nrd;W

tpl;lhHfs;.

RH Uk; vd;w ,lj;jpy;> mjhtJ rphpahtpd; vy;iyf;fUfpy; te;jhfp tpl;lJ> myp (uyp) mtHfSld; te;j

gilAld;> rphpahitr; NrHe;j ghJfhg;Gg; gilfs; iffyg;gpy; ,wq;fpd. rphpag; gilfs; Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;lJ>

mit gpd;thq;fpr; nry;y Muk;gpj;jd. mjd; gpwF myp (uyp) mtHfs; rpg;gPd; vd;w rkntspf;F te;jhHfs;>

mq;Nf KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; ngUk; gilAld; myp (uyp) mtHfis vjpHnfhs;tjw;fhff; fhj;J epd;whH.

jz;zPUf;fhd Aj;jk;

jz;zPH - KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; cj;juT

myp (uyp) mtHfspd; gil rpg;gPd; rkntspf;F te;j gpd; jhd; njhpe;jJ> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; gilfs;

me;jr; rkntspapd; kpfTk; ey;ynjhU gFjpahfg; ghHj;J jq;fsJ gilia epWj;jp ,Uf;fpd;whHfs; vd;gJk;>

,d;Dk; me;jg; gFjpapy; xNu xU jz;zPH fpzW kl;Lk; jhd; ,Ue;jJ> me;jf; fpzWk; $l KMtpah (uyp)

mtHfspd; gilapdhpd; fl;Lg;ghl;bd; fPo; ,Ue;jJ> ,jdhy; myp (uyp) mtHfspd; gilfs; me;jg; gFjpapy;

,Ue;J vq;nfDk; jz;zPiug; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s ,ayhj epiyNa ,Ue;jJ. myp (uyp) mtHfspd; gilapdH

Page 200: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

jz;zPH jhfj;jhy; rpukj;ij mDgtpj;J> mjd; %yk; ,f;fl;lhd #o;epiyf;F mtHfisj; js;sp tpl;L>

jd;Dila ntw;wpia kpf vspjhf;fpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhfNt KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; jpl;lk; ,Ue;jJ.

jz;zPUf;fhd Ngr;RthHj;ij

,g;nghOJ myp (uyp) mtHfspd; Kd; ,Ue;j gpujhd gpur;id vd;dntd;why;> jz;zPiug; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd

topKiwiaf; fhz Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhfNt ,Ue;jJ. ,g;nghOJ myp (uyp) mtHfs; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfsplk;

xU J}Jf; FOit mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. ,];yhj;jpd; rl;l mbg;gilapYk;> NghHf; fhyr; rl;l mbg;gilapYk;>

vjpH vjpH mzpapy; ,Ug;gtHfSf;F jz;zPiug; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sk; chpikia kWf;ff; $lhJ vd;gij

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;F myp (uyp) mtHfs; njspTgLj;jpdhHfs;. ,d;Dk; ,uz;L gf;fKk; epfotpUf;Fk;

ve;jtpjkhd MAj Nkhjy;fSk; kpfg; nghpa kdpj mopitf; nfhz;L tUk;. vdNt> ek; ,UtUf;FkpilNa cs;s

gpur;idia Ngr;RthHj;ijfs; %yk; mikjpahfj; jPHj;Jf; nfhs;tNj kpfTk; ey;yJ. Ngr;RthHj;ijfSf;fhd

fjTfs; jhsplg;gLk; tiuf;Fk; ehNd typa te;J Nghiu Muk;gpf;f khl;Nld;. jz;zPH ,Uf;Fk; gFjpahdJ

,UtUf;Fk; nghJthdJ vd;gij mwptpf;f Ntz;Lk;> ,d;Dk; ,uz;L gf;fj;jpdUf;Fk; nghJthdnjhU

gFjpahf mjhtJ '#dpag; gFjpahf"Tk; mjid mwptpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W myp (uyp) mtHfs; Nfhhpf;if

tpLj;jhHfs;.

myp (uyp) mtHfspd; fbjj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;> jdJ MNyhridf; FOitf; $l;b

mtHfsplk; fye;jhNyhrid nra;a Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ> NghH rkaj;jpy; jz;zPH ,Uf;Fk; gFjpia ,U

jug;gpdUk; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s mDkjpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gij ,U jug;gpdUk; filgpbf;f Ntz;banjhd;Nw

vd;w fUj;ij mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfs; njhptpj;jhHfs;.

,U jug;gpdUk; xg;Gf; nfhz;lnjhU jpl;lj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;> jz;zPH ,Uf;Fk; gFjpia ehk; ekJ KOf;

fl;Lg;ghl;bd; fPo; itj;jpUg;gJk;> ,d;Dk; vjpH jug;gpdUf;Fj; Njitahd jz;zPiu xU Fwpg;gpl;l gFjp

Neuj;jpy; mjidg; gad;gLj;jpl mDkjpg;gjw;fhd toptiffisr; nra;a KbAk; vd;Wk; mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp)

mtHfs; Fwpg;gpl;lhH.

mg;Jy;yh gpd; mgp ]puh vd;gtH> ,tH Kd;dhs; vfpg;jpd; ftHdH> ,d;Dk; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; tsHg;Gr;

rNfhjuH jdJ fUj;jhf> jz;zPH nfhLf;f khl;Nlhk; vd;Wk; nrhy;y Ntz;lhk;> Mdhy; jz;zPH nfhLg;gjhf

ghrhq;F nra;J nfhz;L jz;zPH nfhLg;gjid jhkjg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;whH. ,t;thW nra;tjd; %yk; myp

(uyp) mtHfspd; gilapdH ntFrPf;fpuj;jpy; ,e;jg; gFjpia tpl;Lk; mtHfs; jpUk;gpr; nry;y topNaw;gl;L tpLk;

vd;whH. mt;thW mtHfs; jpUk;gpr; nry;Yk; nghOJ> mtHfis ehk; tpul;br; nrd;W jhf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk;

mtH $wpdhH.

,d;Dk; rpyH> ehk; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyf;F gopthq;fNt ,q;F $bapUf;fpd;Nwhk;. me;jf;

fpsHr;rpahsHfs; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSf;F jz;zPH nfhLg;gjidf; $lj; jLj;jhHfs;. cJkhd; (uyp)

mtHfs; jz;zPH ,d;wp vt;thW rpukg;gl;lhHfNsh mJ Nghd;Nw ,tHfSf;Fk; jz;zPH fpilf;fhky; nra;a

Ntz;Lk;.

,ijnay;yhk; Nfl;L Kbj;J tpl;l KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;> te;jpUe;j J}Jf; FOtplk; kOg;gyhfg; gjpy; $wp

mDg;gp tpl;lhH. myp (uyp) mtHfspd; Nfhhpf;ifia mtH Neubahf kWf;fTk; ,y;iy> ,d;Dk; mjid Vw;Wf;

nfhs;sTk; ,y;iy. mtuJ Nehf;fNk ,g;nghOJ Neuj;ijf; flj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhfNt ,Ue;jJ.

,jw;fpilapy;> NkYk; xU gilia mDg;gp itj;J> jz;zPH ,Uf;Fk; gFjpapd; fhtiy gyg;gLj;jpl Muk;gpj;jhH

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;.

jz;zPUf;fhd NghH

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfsplk; nrd;w J}Jf; FO jpUk;gp te;jTld;> myp (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ MNyhridf;

FOitf; $l;bdhHfs;. vjpHghuhj tpjkhf tpiuthdnjhU jhf;Fjiyj; njhLj;J> jz;zPH ,Uf;Fk; gFjpia

ekJ fl;Lg;ghl;by; nfhz;L te;J tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;w MNyhrid mq;F Kd; itf;fg;gl;lJ. jpl;lkpl;lgb

jhf;Fjy; Muk;gkhdJld;> kpfg; nghpa Aj;jk; ntbj;jJ> ,U gf;fKk; thl;fs; Rod;whbd. ,U gf;fKk; rpyH

nfhy;yg;gl;ldH> Mdhy; ,e;j jhf;Fjy; myp (uyp) mtHfSf;Fr; rhjfkhfp myp (uyp) mtHfspd; jug;gpdhpd;

iffs; Xq;f Muk;gpj;jd> jz;zPH ,Uf;Fk; gFjpapy; gy KidfspYk; fhtYf;F epd;W nfhz;bUe;j KMtpah

(uyp) mtHfspd; gilfs; mq;fpUe;j tpyfpr; nry;y Muk;gpj;jd.

Page 201: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,g;nghOJ epiyik jiyfPohdJ> jdJ gilapdH jz;zPH gFjpf;Fr; nrd;W jz;zPiug; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s

mDkjpf;FkhW KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F Ntz;LNfhs; tpLf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ

mq;F $bapUe;j MNyhrfHfs;> myp (uyp) mtHfNs> rphpahf; fhuHfs; jq;fsJ nrhe;j ehzaj;ijr; nrYj;jp

ek;kplk; jz;zPH ngw;Wf; nfhs;sl;Lk; vd;whHfs;. myp (uyp) mtHfNsh..> me;j MNyhridia Vw;f kWj;J

tpl;L> mtHfisg; ghHj;J> mtHfs; vjphpfshf ,Ue;jhYk; $l..> jz;zPiug; gad;gLj;JtjpypUe;J mtHfisj;

jLj;J tpLtjw;F ,];yhkpa khHf;fk; mDkjpf;ftpy;iy vd;whHfs;. ehd; my;yh`; toq;fpa Ntjj;ijf; nfhz;L

jhd; nray;gLNtNd jtpu> mwpahikf;fhy kf;fspd; gof;f tof;fq;fisg; gpd;gw;wpr; nray;gl khl;Nld;

vd;whHfs;. myp (uyp) mtHfspd; fl;Lg;ghl;by; me;jj; jz;zPHg; gFjp ,Ue;Jk; $l> Fwpg;gpl;l Neuj;jpy;

mjidg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; gilapdUf;F myp (uyp) mtHfs; mDkjp

toq;fpdhHfs;. jz;zPUf;Ff; fhtyhf ,Ue;jtHfSk;> jz;zPH vLf;f te;jtHfSk; ,g;nghOJ NeUf;F NeH

re;jpj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; epiy cUthfpaJ. gphpe;J epd;W nfhz;bUe;j ,jaq;fs; ,iztjw;F mit toptFj;jd.

Nghiuj; jtpHj;J tpl;L Ngr;RthHj;ij %yk; ,e;jg; gpur;idiaj; jPHj;Jf; nfhz;lhy; vd;d vd;w Nfs;tpia

,U jug;gpdUk; jq;fSf;Fs; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;s Muk;gpj;jJ kl;Lky;y> mjid tpUk;gTk; nra;jhHfs;. mikjpg;

Ngr;RthHj;ij mtrpak; vd;W fUj Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

mikjpahff; fle;jd khjq;fs;

gilfs;

,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; Kd;ndg;nghOJk; ele;jpuhj mjpraj;ijg; Nghy> ,U gf;fKk; kpfg; nghpa gilfs; me;j

rpg;gPd; y; epd;W nfhz;bUe;jd. mjidg; NghyNt> ,iwtdpd; jpUg;nghUj;jj;jpw;fhf> ,iwepuhfhpg;ghsHfis

vjpHj;Jf; $l ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; ,t;tsT nghpa gil jpul;lg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy. JujpU\;lk; vd;dntd;why;>

,q;Nf vjpH vjpH Kfhkpy; ,Ug;gtHfs; K];ypk;fNs..> mtHfs; xt;nthUtUk; jq;fs; gf;fk; epahak;

,Ug;gjhfTk;> me;j epahaj;ij epiyehl;Lk; Nehf;fj;JlNdNa NghUf;Fg; Gwg;gl;L te;jpUg;gjhfTk; $wpf;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs;. mJkl;Lky;y> MAj Nkhjypd;wp Ngr;RthHj;ij %yk; ,e;jg; gpur;idf;Fj; jPHT fhzg;gl

Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; mtHfs; tpUk;Gfpd;whHfs;. ,d;Dk; Ke;jpf; nfhz;L vtUk; jq;fsJ MAjj;ij vjpH jug;gpdH

kPJ vwpa Ntz;lhk; vd;W Nfl;Lf; nfhs;sg;gl;bUf;fpd;whHfs;. KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; $l..> jhd; Kjd;

Kjypy; Nghiu typa Muk;gpf;ff; $lhJ vd;Nw ,g;nghOJ fUj Muk;gpj;jhH. vd;d..> ,t;tsT gil

K];jPGfs; nra;ag;gl;ljd; gpd;dH mikjp vd;gJ mq;Nf Nfs;tpf; FwpahfNt ,Ue;jJ. xt;nthU epkplKk;

kuzj;jpd; thiliaf; fz;Kd; epWj;jp tpl;Lr; nrd;W nfhz;bUe;jJ. gwf;Fk; rpW nghwpAk; vz;zw;w

K];ypk;fspd; capiuf; Fbg;gjw;Fj; jauhf ,Ue;jJ. ,Ug;gpDk;> Neubahd ve;j NkhjYk; ,Jtiu

elf;ftpy;iy. gil elj;jp te;j ,e;j ,uz;L khjq;fshf> ,uz;L gf;fKk; mikjpahfNt fope;J

nfhz;bUe;jJ> me;j mikjpNa.. NghH elf;Fkh my;yJ mikjp Vw;gl;L tpLkh vd;w re;Njfj;ij tYthf;fpf;

nfhz;Nl nrd;wJ. ,g;nghOJ K`Huk; khjk; te;jJ> ,U jug;gpdUk; jq;fSf;Fs; ,Uf;Fk; gifikg;

Nghf;fpw;F rw;W Xa;T nfhLf;f rk;kjpj;jhHfs;.

mikjpg; Ngr;RthHj;ijfs;

,e;j mikjp epytpa khjq;fspy;> ,Ujug;gpYk; Ngr;RthHj;ijfs; njhlu Muk;gpj;jd> ,d;Dk; J}Jf;FOf;fs;

mikf;fg;gl;L> ,U jug;gpdUk; fUj;Jf;fisg; ghpkhwpf; nfhz;ldH.

myp (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ J}Jf; FOtpd; %ykhf> ,iwtid mQ;rpf; nfhs;SkhWk;> ,d;Dk; K];ypk;fSf;Fs;

gphptpid tpijiaj; J}t Ntz;lhk; vd;Wk; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfisf; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;. myp (uyp)

mtHfis Ml;rpahsuhf epakdk; nra;jhfp tpl;lJ> ,dp mtUf;F thf;Fg; gpukhzk; nra;a Ntz;baJ KMtpah

(uyp) mtHfspd; kPjhd flik vd;gijAk; me;jj; J}Jf; FOtpdH njspTgLj;jpdhHfs;. myp (uyp) mtHfspd;

fy;tpawpT> ,iwar;rk;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSldhd njhlHG> ,];yhj;jpw;F mtH nra;j Nritfs;>

,d;Dk; jiyikj;Jtg; gz;GfSk;> ,ja Rj;jpAk; epiwe;jtuhd mtH> me;jg; gjtpf;F kpfTk; nghUj;jkhdtNu

vd;Wk; me;j J}Jf; FOtpdH KMtpah (uyp) mtHfsplk; vLj;Jiuj;jhHfs;.

myp (uyp) mtHfspd; NjHT Kiwaw;w tpjj;jpy; ele;Js;sJ> fpsHr;rpahsHfspd; thspd; Kidapd; mr;RWj;jypd;

Page 202: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

fPo; ele;Js;sJ. ,d;Dk; mtH cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyNahL rk;ge;jg;gl;bUf;fpd;whH. ehd;

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; xd;W tpl;l rNfhjudhf ,Ug;gjhy;> mtuJ ,uj;j ,og;gPl;Lf;F rl;l chpik 'f]];"

NfhUtJ ,];yhkpa rl;l mbg;gilapy; vd;kPjhd chpikahfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;W KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;

jdJ jug;G epahaq;fshf vLj;Jiuj;jhHfs;.

myp (uyp) mtHfspd; NjHT kjPdhtpy; thOfpd;w midj;J kf;fspd; Kd;dpiyapy; jhd; ele;jJ. ,jw;F Kd;

ele;j Ml;rpahsHfspd; NjHTfSk; ,Nj kjPdj;J kf;fspd; Kd;dpiyapy; jhd; ele;jpUf;fpd;wJ> ,d;Dk;

Kd;dpUe;jtHfis ahH NjHT nra;jhHfNsh mtHfNs jhd; myp (uyp) mtHfisAk; NjHT nra;jhHfs;. ,tiuj;

jhd; NjHe;njLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W fpsHr;rpahsHfs; kjPdh kf;fis tw;GWj;jtpy;iy. Mdhy; mtHfs; ,d;Dk;

NtW rpyiuf; fhl;b mtHfisj; NjHT nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;W tpUk;gpdH. gyH Nghl;bapl;ljpy; mtHfs;

midtiuf; fhl;bYk; myp (uyp) mtHfNs Kd;dzpapy; ,Ue;jhH> nghJthd fUj;jgpg;guhaj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;>

mtuJ rpwg;Gj; jFjpfisf; fzf;fpy; nfhz;L mtNu rpwg;ghdtuhff; fUjg;gl;lhH. epr;rakhf> kw;w midj;J

Ntl;ghsHfSk; jq;fsJ jug;gpid thg]; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

vd;d jhd; rkhjhdk; $wpdhYk;..> tpsf;fkspj;jhYk;..> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyapy; myp (uyp)

mtHfs; rk;ge;jg;gl;bUg;gjhy;> myp (uyp) mtHfsJ NjHT epahakw;wJ vd;w fUj;ijNa KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;

jdJ jug;G thjkhf itj;jhH. ePq;fs; $Wfpd;w ,e;j fUj;J jtwhdJ vd;W me;j rkhjhdf; FOtpdH

vLj;Jiuj;jhHfs;. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyapy; myp (uyp) mtHfs; NeubahfNth my;yJ

kiwKfkhfNth nray;gltpy;iy vd;gJ jhd; cz;ik vd;Wiuj;jhHfs;. cz;ik vd;dntd;why;> cJkhd;

(uyp) mtHfSf;F kpfr; rpwg;ghd xj;Jiog;ig toq;fpatH jhd; myp (uyp) mtHfs; vd;whHfs;. ePq;fs; $Wfpd;w

jtwhd ,e;jf; Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;F Vw;Gilatuy;y myp (uyp)mtHfs; vd;Wk; $wpdhHfs;.

rhp mg;gb vd;why;..> mtH cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSf;F KOikahf xj;Jiog;G toq;fpdhH vd;W ePq;fs; $wpagb

ghHj;jhy;> ,e;jg; gLnfhiyNa ele;jpUf;fhNj> jtpHf;fg;gl;bUf;FNk vd;whH KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;.

,g;nghOJ myp (uyp) mtHfshy; mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;l J}Jf; FOtpdH KMtpah (uyp) mtHfisg; ghHj;J xU

Nfs;tpiaf; Nfl;ldH :

rphpahtpd; mirf;f Kbahj rf;jpahf ePq;fs; ,g;nghOJ ,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wPHfs;> cq;fsplk; kpfg; nghpa

,uhZtKk; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. me;j ,uhZtk; cq;fsJ fl;lisf;fhfNt fhj;Jf; fplf;fpd;wJ.

kjPdhtpy; ele;j rk;gtq;fspd; gpd;dzpAk;> mjd; gpur;idfs; gw;wpAk; ePq;fs; mwpe;Nj itj;jpUf;fpd;wPHfs;.

mg;gbg;gl;l ePq;fs;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfisg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhf Ntz;b cq;fsJ gilfis Vd; mDg;gp

itj;jpUf;ff; $lhJ.

,e;jf; Nfs;tpf;F KMtpah (uyp) mtHfsplkpUe;J jpUg;jpfukhd gjpy; tutpy;iy.

,g;nghOJ KMtpah (uyp) mtHfisg; ghHj;J ,d;ndhU Nfs;tpiaAk; tPrpdhHfs; : cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs;

Kw;Wifaplg;gl;bUe;j ehl;fspy;> xt;nthU gpuNjr ftHdHfSf;Fk; Ntz;LNfhs; mDg;gp>

fpsHr;rpahsHfsplkpUe;J jd;idg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhf cjtpg; gilia mDg;gp itf;Fk;gb cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs;

Nfl;bUe;jhHfNs.. mt;thNw cq;fsplKk; Nfl;bUe;jhHfNs..! ,jd;gb mtiug; ghJfhf;f cjtpg; gilia

mDg;ghj cq;fsJ eltbf;ifia itj;J> mtuJ gLnfhiyf;F kiwKfkhf ePq;fSk;

rk;ge;jg;gl;bUf;fpd;wPHfs; vd;W vLj;Jf; nfhs;syhk; my;yth vd;W Nfl;lhHfs;. ,jw;Fk; KMtpah (uyp)

mtHfsplkpUe;J rhpahd gjpy; tutpy;iy. mjidj; njhlHe;J ,Ujug;ghUk; #lhd thHj;ijfisg; ghpkhwpf;

nfhs;s Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

myp (uyp) mtHfspd; J}Jf; FOtpdH ,d;DnkhU Nfs;tpiaAk; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfisg; ghHj;Jf; Nfl;lhHfs;

:

myp (uyp) epidj;jpUe;jhy;..> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSf;F Kiwahd MjuT toq;fpapUf;Fk;gl;rj;jpy; me;jg;

gpur;idia jtpHj;jpUf;fyhk; vd;W $wpdPHfs;. mg;nghOJ myp (uyp) mtHfspd; nrhy;Yf;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;L

elf;Fk; ,uhZtk; mtH iftrk; ,Ue;jjh? kpfg; nghpa ,uhZtj;ijf; iftrk; itj;jpUf;Fk; ePq;fNs me;jg;

gpur;idiaj; jPHf;f Kd;tu Kbatpy;iy> ve;jtpj cjtpg; gilfSk; ,y;yhj xU kdpjH vt;thW me;jg;

gpur;idiaj; jPHf;f KbAk;.

rhp..! myp (uyp) mtHfs; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyapy; rk;ge;jg;gltpy;iy vd;why;> gLnfhiyapy;

Page 203: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

rk;ge;jg;gl;ltHfis vd;dplk; xg;gilf;fyhk; my;yth vd;whH KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;.

cz;ikapy;..> 'f]];" vd;w ,uj;j ,og;gPL NfhUk; Kiw vd;dntd;why;> Kjypy; mtUila jiyikia Vw;W

mtUf;F thf;Fg; gpukhzk; nra;Aq;fs;> gpd;dH mthplk; ,uj;j ,og;gPl;Lf; Nfhhpf;ifia Kd; itAq;fs;>

,JNt Kiwahdjhf ,Uf;Fk;. KMtpah (uyp) mtHfNs.. ePq;fs; jtwhf topelj;jg;gl;Lf;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;wPHfs; vd;whHfs;.

ePq;fs; ,uj;j ,og;gPL NfhUtJ cz;ikahf ,Uf;Fnkd;why;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyapy;

rk;ge;jg;gl;ltHfis ePjpapd; Kd;dhy; epWj;Jtjw;F> Ml;rpahsH vd;w Kiwapy; myp (uyp) mtHfspd; fuj;ij

tYg;gLj;j Kd;tu Ntz;baJ mtrpakpy;iyah vd;whHfs; me;j J}Jf; FOtpdH. ePq;fs; myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F

vjpuhfg; NghHf; nfhb J}f;Ftjd; %yk;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyapy; rk;ge;jg;gl;ltHfs; ,g;nghOJ

myp (uyp) mtHfspd; gf;fkhf epw;Fk; tha;g;igj;jhd; Vw;gLj;jpj; je;Js;sJ. ,g;nghOJ mtHfs; myp (uyp)

mtHfs; gf;fkhf> mtUf;F cjtpahf epw;Fk; nghOJ cz;ikapy; vt;thW jhd; mtHfs; kPJ mtH eltbf;if

vLf;f KbAk;.

,jpy; ftdpf;fj; jf;fJ vd;dntd;why;> cz;ikapy; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; myp (uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;rpf;F

kpfg; nghpa ,ilA+iw Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ> ,d;Dk; kpfg; nghpa gilAld; mtH mjidr; nra;J

nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; gLnfhiyapy; rk;ge;jg;gl;ltHfisj; jz;bf;f eltbf;if

vLg;ghuh my;yJ jd; kPJ vjpHg;gha;r;ry; gha;fpd;w KMtpah (uyp) mtHfisj; jLg;gjw;fhd eltbf;ifapy;

,wq;Fthuh vd;gJ rpe;jpf;fj;jf;fJ.

,e;jg; gpur;id ,j;NjhL jPu Ntz;Lnkd;why; ehd; nrhy;Yk; ,e;j Nahridia nray;gLj;JNthk;. mtH

vd;id rphpahtpd; Ml;rpahsuhf mq;fPfhpf;f Ntz;Lk;. njhlHe;Jk; vd;id rphpahtpd; Ml;rpahsuhf ,Uf;f

mDkjpj;J tpl;L> Vida K];ypk; gpuNjrq;fs; midj;ijAk; mtH jd; iftrk; itj;Jf; nfhs;sl;Lk; vd;w

Kbit myp (uyp) mtHfspd; J}Jf;FOtpdhplk; njhptpj;jhH KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;.

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; ,e;j ,Wjpj;jpl;lj;ij myp (uyp) mtHfs; Vw;Wf; nfhs;stpy;iy> ,J ,];yhj;jpw;F

vjpuhdJ vd;W $wp epuhfhpj;J tpl;lhHfs;. ,d;Dk; mtH ,t;thW nrhd;djd; fhuzkhf> cz;ikapNyNa

mtuJ Nehf;fk; vd;dntd;gJ ,g;nghOJ njspthfp tpl;lJ. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyf;F tQ;rfk;

jPHf;fg; Nghfpd;Nwd; vd;W mtH $Wtnjy;yhk;> jdJ mjpfhuj;ij epiyepWj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf mtH NghLk;

ehlfNk md;wp Ntwpy;iy vd;w KbTf;F myp (uyp) mtHfs; te;J tpl;lhHfs;.

rhp..! ,g;nghOJ eilngw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; mj;jid mrk;ghtpjq;fSk; Ml;rpiag; gpbg;gjw;fhfNt vd;whfp

tpl;l gpd;dH> ek; ,UtUf;Fk; ,ilNa eilngWk; ,e;jg; gpur;idapy; Vd; K];ypk;fs; jq;fSf;Fs; gpsTgl;L

mbj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;> jq;fsJ capHfis kha;j;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;? toikahf eilngWk; muGf;fspd;

gof;fj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; ek;Kila gpur;idiaj; jPHj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;> mjhtJ ehk; ,UtH kl;Lk; NeUf;F NeH

Aj;jk; nra;Nthk;. ek; ,UtUf;Fkpilapy; eilngWk; me;j Nkhjypy; ahH n[apf;fpd;whHfNsh> mtHfs;

fyp/ghthf - Ml;rpj;jiytuhf ,Ue;J nfhs;Nthk; vd;w Nahridia Kd;itj;jhHfs; myp (uyp) mtHfs;.

myp (uyp) mtHfspd; ,e;j Nahridia ePq;fs; fz;bg;ghf Vw;Wf; nfhz;Nlahf Ntz;Lk; vd;W KMtpah (uyp)

mtHfSf;F mwpTiu $wpdhH mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp).

myp (uyp) mtHfs; ,g;gbg;gl;l vj;jidNah Neub Aj;jq;fisf; fz;bUf;fpd;whH> mt;thW eilngw;w mj;jid

Aj;jq;fspYk; mtiu vjpH;j;jtHfNs capiu tpl;bUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;W fUjpa KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; myp (uyp)

mtHfspd; ,e;jf; Nfhhpf;ifia Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F jaf;fk; fhl;bdhHfs;.

mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfNsh..> ,J fhyk; fhykhf ele;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;w tof;fk; jhNd vd;whH.

,ilg;gl;l ehl;fspy; myp (uyp) mtHfs; rw;W ngUj;J tpl;bUe;jhH> rw;W mtiug; Nghf;Ff; fhl;bdhNy mtH

jdJ Raepiyia ,oe;J jLkhwp tpLthH> mt;thW Raepiyia ,oe;J jLkhWk; nghOJ mtiu kpifj;J

tplf; $ba re;jHg;gk; cz;L.

Mdhy;> ,jpnyy;yhk; re;jHg;gj;ij vg;nghOJk; vjpHghHf;f KbahJ vd;W fUjp myp (uyp) mtHfspd;

Nfhhpf;ifia KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; js;Sgb nra;J tpl;;lhHfs;.

,jd; gpd;dH> mikjpf;fhd midj;J fjTfSk; rhj;jg;gl;L tpl;ld> ,U jug;ghUk; NghH nra;tjw;Fz;lhd

midj;Jj; jahhpg;GfspYk; ,wq;f Muk;gpj;J tpl;lhHfs;.

Page 204: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

rpg;gpd; Aj;jk;

Gdpjkpf;f K`Huk; khjk; KbTf;F te;jpUe;j Ntisapy;> Aj;jj;ij epWj;Jtjw;fhd midj;J tha;g;GfSk;

ifeOtpg; NghapUe;jJ> ,U gf;fKk; vg;nghOJ jPg;nghwp gwf;Fk; vd;w epiyjhd; cUthfp ,Ue;jJ.

,Ug;gpDk;> KO Aj;jKk; jtpHf;fg;gl Kbah tpl;lhYk;> ,UtUf;Fkpilapy; ,Uf;Fk; gifAzHitr; rw;W kq;fr;

nra;J tpl KbAkh vd;W vjpHghHg;Gf;F Nky; vjpHg;ghHg;G epytpaJ> mikjp jpUk;gp tUk; vd;w ek;gpf;ifia

kf;fs; ,d;Dk; ,oe;J tpltpy;iy. ,Ujug;gpypUe;Jk; xU FOtpdH md;iwa gfy; nghOjpdpy; rz;ilapLtH>

md;iwa khiy kq;fpa Neuj;jpy; kPz;Lk; jq;fsJ ,Ug;gplj;jpw;F te;J tpLtH. kWehs; ,d;ndhU FO nrd;W

rz;ilapl;L tUk;> kWehs; NtnwhU FO nrd;W rz;ilapLk; vd;w mbg;gilapy; NghH epfo;e;J nfhz;bUe;jJ.

,e;j epiyapyhd NghH xU thu fhyk; ePbj;jJ. ,uz;L gf;fKk; capHNrjq;fs; Vw;gl;ld> Mdhy; Nghhpy;

Vw;glf; $ba kpfg; nghpa mopT ,e;j tifg; Nghhpy; Vw;gltpy;iy. xUthu fhy nghWikf;Fg; gpwF> ,uz;L

jug;Gk; ntWg;gpd; vy;iyf;Fr; nrd;wtHfshf> KO mstpyhd Aj;jj;ij Muk;gpj;J tpl;lhHfs;.

Kf;fpakhd NghH

Nghhpd; Kf;fpakhd ehs;> `p[;hp 37> ]/gH khjk; 8 k; ehs; Muk;gkhfpaJ. md;iwa jpdk; myp (uyp) mtHfspd;

gilazpapdH xU mb Kd;itj;J> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; gilia Nehf;fp..> rj;jpaj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;L

myp (uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;rpia Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;gb cuj;J Koq;fpdhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ> me;jg; gFjpapypUe;J>

ehq;fs; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; gLnfhiyf;F gopthq;Ftjw;fhfNt te;Js;Nshk; vd;W Koq;fpdhHfs;.

cz;ikapy; ePq;fs; rj;jpaj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; nray;gLgtHfshf ,Ue;jhy;> me;jg; gLnfhiyapy; <Lgl;ltHfis

vq;fsplk; xg;gilj;J tpLq;fs; vd;Wk; Koq;fpdhHfs;. ,uz;L jug;gpd; Kof;fj;jpw;Fk; ve;jtpj gpuNah[dKk;

,y;yhJ Ngha; tpl;l epiyapy;> Nghiu Muk;gpg;gjw;Fz;lhd KO msT jahhpg;GfisAk;> c\hH epiyiaAk;

Nkw;nfhz;lhHfs;.

myp (uyp) mtHfspd; gilapdH %d;W gphpTfshf vg;nghOJk; eilngWk; Af;jpiag; gpd;gw;wp gphpf;fg;gl;lhHfs;.

tyJ mzp> ,lJ mzp kw;Wk; kj;jpa mzp vd;W mtHfs; gphpf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. kj;jpa mzpf;F myp (uyp) mtHfs;

jiyik jhq;f> me;j mzpapy; kjpdhitr; NrHe;jtHfNs Kf;fpakhf ,lk; ngw;wpUe;jhHfs;. ,d;ndhU mzp

$/gh kf;fisAk;> kw;nwhU mzp g\uh kf;fisAk; nfhz;ljhf ,Ue;jJ. $/ghtpd; Fjpiug; gilf;F khypf;

gpd; m];jH mtHfSk;> fhyhl; gilf;F ckH gpd; ah]pH mtHfSk; jiyik jhq;fpdhHfs;. g\uhtpd;

Fjpiug;gilf;F ]`;y; gpd; `dP/g; vd;gtUk;> fhyl; gilf;F if]; gpd; ]mj; mtHfSk; jiyik

jhq;fpdhHfs;.

NghH Jtq;Ftjw;F Kd;dH myp (uyp) mtHfs; jd;Dila gilapdhplk; ciuahw;wpdhH. me;j ciuapy;> ehk;

my;yh`;tpd; ctg;igg; ngWtjw;fhfNt NghH nra;fpd;Nwhk;> rj;jpaj;ij epiyehl;lNt ,e;jg; Nghhpy; ehk;

<Lgl;Ls;Nshk;. ,e;jg; Nghhpy; ePq;fs; cq;fsJ tPuj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jq;fs;. ePq;fs; capNuhL ,Ug;gPHfnsd;why;

jiyikj;Jtk; cq;fSf;F> kuzj;ijj; jOTtPHfs; vd;why; RtdNk cq;fSf;fhff; fhj;jpUf;fpd;wJ.

,d;Dk; ePq;fshf cq;fsJ mk;ig Kjypy; vwpahjPHfs;. ek;Kila vjphpfNs mjidj; Jtq;fp itf;fl;Lk;>

Mdhy; NghH vd;W Jtq;fp tpl;lhy; vjphpfs; ntw;wp nfhs;sg;gLk; tiuapYk; ePq;fs; Xa;ntLf;ff; $lhJ

vd;whH. Mz;fshfpa ePq;fs; GwKJF fhl;b Xlf; $lhJ. ePq;fs; xU tuyhw;W ehafHfs; vd;gij ep&gpf;f

Ntz;Lk;. fhak;gl;l ve;j kdpjiuAk; ePq;fs; jhf;fhjPHfs;> ,we;j kdpjdpd; mq;fj;ijr; rpijf;fhjPHfs;>

ngz;fisj; jPz;L tplhjPHfs;> Foe;ijfisAk;> tajhdtHfis nfhd;W tplhjPHfs;. mtHfis

mr;rj;jpw;Fs;shf;fp tplhjPHfs;. ePq;fs; NeHikahd Kiwapy; ele;J nfhs;Sq;fs;> Fiwthfg; NgRq;fs;>

,iwtid mQ;rpf; nfhs;Sq;fs; vd;whHfs;.

Aj;jk; Jtq;f ,Uf;fpd;wJ> md;iwa fhy muGf;fspd; tof;fg;gb jdp kdpjHfs; NkhJk; fsk; jahuhfpaJ. myp

(uyp) mtHfs; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfis jd;Dld; Nkhj tUkhW mioj;jhHfs;. KMtpah (uyp) mtHfNsh..>

myp (uyp) mtHfSld; Nkhj tpUg;gk; njhptpf;ftpy;iy. khypf; gpd; m];jH> myp (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikj;

jsgjp xU mb Kd;te;J mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfis jd;Dld; Nkhj tUkhW mioj;jhHfs;> mk;Ug;Dy;

M]; (uyp) mtHfSk; me;j rthiy Vw;f kWj;J tpl;lhHfs;.

Aj;jf; fsk;

Page 205: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

KMtpah (uyp) kw;Wk; mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfSf;F tplg;gl;l rthy;fis mtHfs; Vw;Wf;

nfhs;stpy;iyahjyhy; jdpg;gl;l egHfs; NkhJk; fsk; iftplg;gl;lJ> KO gilapdHfSk; NkhJk; Aj;jk;

Muk;gkhfpaJ. ,U jug;gpdUk; KO ehSk; NkhjpAk; ahUf;Fk; ntw;wp fpilf;fhky;> NghH md;iwa jpdk;

khiyapy; epWj;jg;gl;lJ. mjw;F mLj;j ehs; khngUk; vOr;rpAld; kf;fs; fsk; ,wq;fpdhHfs;. myp (uyp)

mtHfspd; kj;jpa giliar; Rw;wpYk;> kjPdhitr; NrHe;j K];ypk;fs; ,Ue;jhHfs;. KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;

guzikj;Jf; nfhz;L mjd; kPJ mkHe;J nfhz;L NghH eltbf;iffisg; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;lhH> mtiur;

Rw;wpYk; nka;f;fhg;ghsHfs; epd;W nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;.

mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfs; xU Fjpiuapd; kPjkHe;J nfhz;L kpfTk; cf;fpukkhfg; NghH nra;J

nfhz;bUe;jhH> ,d;Dk; myp (uyp) mtHfspd; gilfis fLikahfj; jhf;fpg; gpd;thq;fr; nra;J

nfhz;bUe;jhH. xUfl;lj;jpy; mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfs; myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F kpfg; ngUk; gpd;dilit

Vw;gLj;jpdhHfs;. myp (uyp) mtHfSk; mtuJ kj;jpag; gil tPuHfSk; kpfTk; tPukhfg; NghH nra;J> mk;Ug;Dy;

M]; (uyp) mtHfsJ gilia gpd;thq;fr; nra;jhHfs;. myp (uyp) mtHfspd; gilj;jsgjp khypf; gpd; m];jH

mtHfs; ,g;nghOJ KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; ,Uf;Fk; gFjpia Nehf;fp jdJ jhf;Fjiy Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. guzpy;

mkHe;J NghHf;fsf; fhl;rpfisg; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j KMtpah (uyp) mtHfisr; Rw;wpYk; ,Ue;j mtuJ

ghJfhg;ghsHfs; xUtH gpd; xUtuhf kha;f;fg;gl;;l gpd;> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; NghHf;fsj;jpy; Neubahfg; gq;F

ngw Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfs; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; cjtpf;F

tpiue;jhHfs;> ,d;Dk; ijhpaj;ij ,oe;J tpl Ntz;lhk; vd;Wk; Gj;jpkjp $wpdhHfs;. mtH $wpdhH>

',d;iwf;F tPuj;Jld; ,U> ehis ntw;wp ckNj" vd;whH. mtuJ me;j rkNahrpj Gj;jpkjpapd; fhuzkhf kd

vOr;rp mile;j KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSk; mtHfsJ gilapdUk; kpfTk; vOr;rpAld; NghH nra;a Muk;gpj;jhHfs;>

,U gilfSk; ,g;nghOJ rkkhd mstpy; tPuj;Jld; NghH nra;J nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. ,U gf;fKk; fLikahd

Nrjq;fs; Vw;gl;bUe;jd.

%d;whtJ ehs; Aj;jKk;> kpfTk; cf;fpuj;Jld; Muk;gkhfpaJ. rphpahtpypUe;J te;j gilfs; myp (uyp)

mtHfsJ gilia kpfTk; cf;fpukhfj; jhf;fpdhYk;> mtHfis khypf; gpd; m];jH mtHfs; vjpHj;Jg; Nghuhb

gpd;Df;Fj; js;spdhH. mjd; gpd;dH mk;khH gpd; ah]pH (uyp) mtHfs; myp (uyp) mtHfspd; cjtpf;F

te;jhHfs;> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfsJ gilia Jtk;rk; nra;a Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. mtHfs; vjphpfis ClWj;Jf;

nfhz;L vjphpfSf;F kj;jpapy; nrd;W tpl;lhH. vjphpfisf; fLikahfj; jhf;fpathNw Nghhpl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;j

mk;khH (uyp) mtHfs;> fLikahfj; jhf;fg;gl;l epiyapy; ,iwab NrHe;jhH. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F

tha;j;j NjhoHfspy; kpfTk; Nghw;Wjw;Fhpatuhf mk;khH (uyp) mtHfs; jpfo;e;jhHfs;. ckH (uyp) mtHfspd;

Ml;rpf;fhyg; gFjpapy; mk;khH (uyp) mtHfs; $/ghtpd; ftHduhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. mjd; gpd;dH cJkhd;

(uyp) mtHfs; Ml;rpg; nghWg;gpw;F te;jgpd;dH> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSf;Fk; mk;khH (uyp) mtHfSf;FkpilNa

fUj;J NtWghL Vw;gl;lJ. myp (uyp) mtHfs; Ml;rpj;jiytuhfj; NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;ljd; gpd;dH> myp (uyp)

mtHfspd; Mjuthsuhf mk;khH (uyp) mtHfs; nray;gl Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. xl;lfg; Nghhpy; myp (uyp) mtHfspd;

mzpapy; ,Ue;J mk;khH (uyp) mtHfs; NghH nra;jpUf;fpd;whHfs;. mk;khH (uyp) mtHfs; gw;wp ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs; xU Kd;dwptpg;igr; nra;jpUf;fpd;whHfs;> mjhtJ xU ,iwar;rkw;w $l;lj;jhuhy; mk;khH (uyp)

mtHfs; nfhy;yg;gLthHfs; vd;W $wpapUf;fpd;whHfs;. mjd;gb> mk;khH (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ 90 tJ tajpy;

,iwtopapy; capHePj;jhHfs;. mk;khH (uyp) mtHfs; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;lJk;> ,d;Dk; mtiug; gw;wp ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfspd; Kd;dwptpg;igAk; epidtpw;Ff; nfhz;L te;j K];ypk;fspd; kdJ> ,g;nghOJ jLkhw

Muk;gpj;jJ. mk;khH (uyp) mtHfs; kpfTk; tajhfp tpl;bUe;Jk; $l> mtiu NghUf;F mioj;J te;jjd; %yk;

myp (uyp) mtHfs; jhd; mtH nfhy;yg;gLtjw;Ff; fhuzkhfp tpl;lhH vd;W jdJ gilapdhplk; $wp> mtHfsJ

cs;sj;ijj; jplg;gLj;jpdhH KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;. mk;khH (uyp) mtHfis ,oe;jJ> myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F

kpfg; nghpa ,og;ig Vw;gLj;jpaJ>mtuJ tyJ ifNa tPo;e;jJ Nghy czHe;jhH myp (uyp) mtHfs;.

mjw;F mLj;j ehs; Nghhpy; kpfg; nghpa kdpj ,og;Gfs; Vw;gl;ld. md;iwa jpdg; Nghhpy; KMtpah (uyp)

mtHfspd; jug;G kpfTk; gytPdkhfp tpl;lJ. mk;Gfspd; ,Ug;G Fiwe;J tpl;;lJ> mjdhy; fy;iy vLj;J myp

(uyp) mtHfspd; jug;ig Nehf;fp vwpa Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. mjid mLj;J fk;GfisAk;> jbfisAk; vLj;J vwpa

Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,Wjpahf myp (uyp)mtHfspd; thSf;F ,iuahfpg; NghdhHfs;. NghH ,utpYk; ePz;L

njhlHe;jJ. md;iwa jpdg; Nghhpy; myp (uyp) mtHfs; kpfTk; jPuj;Jld; Nghhpl;lhHfs;. kiy Nghy cWjpahf

epd;whHfs;> rphpag; gilfisf; fLikahfj; jhf;fpa myp (uyp) mtHfspd; ,U gf;fKk; jPl;lg;gl;l thSf;F

Page 206: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

fpl;lj;jl;l 500 NgH ,iuahfpg; Nghdjhf tuyhw;W MrphpaHfs; $Wfpd;whHfs;.

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; je;jpuk;

,Jtiu ele;j NghHfspy; myp (uyp) mtHfspd; fuNk Xq;fp ,Ue;jJ> ,d;Dk; ,Wjpahf rphpag; gilfs; Kw;whf

rpije;J Nghff; $ba epiy Njhd;wpaJ. jhq;fs; Njhw;fbf;fg;gLtijj; jtpHg;gjw;fhf ,g;nghOJ rphpahtpdH

xU je;jpuj;jpy; ,wq;fpdhHfs;. kWehs; NghH Muk;gpf;Fk; nghOJ> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; gilapy; ,Ue;j

midtUk; FHMdpd; gpujpfisj; njhq;f tpl;ltHfshf> ,t;thW Koq;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. X <uhf; thrpfNs..!

ePq;fs; vq;fisf; nfhd;W Nghl;lhy; vq;fsJ FLk;gj;jtHfspd; fjp vd;d MFk;..> mNjNghd;W ehq;fs;

cq;fisf; nfhd;W Nghl;lhy; cq;fsJ kidtp> kf;fspd; epiy vd;dthFk;. ,e;j Jf;ffukhd Nghiu ehk;

epWj;jpf; nfhs;Nthk;> jpUkiwapd; topahf ek;Kila gpur;idiaj; jPHj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;" vd;W Koq;fpdhHfs;.

rphpag; gilapdH Koq;fpa Kof;fj;ijf; Nfl;l khj;jpuj;jpNyNa <uhf;thrpfs; jq;fsJ MAjq;fisf; fPNo Nghl;L

tpl;ldH> mj;Jld;..> rhp.. mt;thNw jpUkiwapd; %yk; ek;Kila gpur;idiaj; jPHj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;" vd;W

gjpYf;F $t Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

,e;j #o;epiyapd; khw;wj;ij czHe;J nfhz;l myp (uyp)mtHfs; ,J KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; je;jpukhd

Ntiy> Nghhpd; Njhy;tpiaj; jtpHg;gjw;fhf mtH nra;jpUf;Fk; Af;jp vd;W $wpdhH. ,e;j je;jpukhd tiyg;

gpd;dypy; rpf;fp tpl Ntz;lhk;> Nghiuj; njhlHe;J elj;jp> ,Wjp ntw;wp fhz;Nghk; vd;W jdJ

MjuthsHfisg; ghHj;Jf; $wpdhHfs;. myp (uyp) mtHfspd; ,e;j mwpTiu> <uhf; thrpfisf; ftutpy;iy. ehk;

my;yh`;tpd; jpUg;nghUj;jj;jpw;fhfNt NghuhLfpd;Nwhk; vdpy;> my;yh`;tpd; Ntjj;ijf; nfhz;L gpur;idiaj;

jPHj;Jf; nfhs;syhk; vd;W mtHfs; Kd;tUk; nghOJ> mjid ehk; vt;thW cjhrpdk; nra;a KbAk; vd;W

me;jj; NjhoHfs; myp (uyp) mtHfisg; ghHj;J Nfs;tp vOg;gpdhHfs;. ePq;fs; nrhy;tJ rhpjhd;> Mdhy; ,e;j

cyfNk ,];yhj;ij Vw;gjw;F Kd;dhy; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;ltd; ehd;> ,d;Dk; KMtpah (uyp)

mtHfNsh mtuJ NjhoHfNsh ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wpAk;> FHMdpd; Nghjidfs; gw;wpAk; KOjhf mwpe;jtHfs; my;y

vd;gijAk; ,j;Jld; ehdwpNtd; vd;whHfs;. jq;fsJ Ra yhgj;jpw;fhf mtHfs; FHMidg;

gad;gLj;Jfpd;whHfs;> mtHfs; mtHfsJ Nehf;fj;jpy; tpuf;jp mile;J tpl;lhHfs;. ehk; ntw;wp ngWk; tiuf;Fk;

Nghhpl Ntz;baJ mtrpak; vd;W jdJ NjhoHfSf;Ff; $wpdhHfs;.

myp (uyp) gilapy; fpsHr;rp

myp (uyp) mtHfspd; Gj;jpkjpapdhy; ve;jtpj gpuNah[dKk; Vw;gltpy;iy. <uhf;ifr; NrHe;j i]j; gpd; `]d;

vd;gtH kw;Wk; K];jH gpd; gpj;fp vd;gtuJ jiyikapy; ,aq;fpa fpl;lj;jl;l 20 Mapuk; NgH nfhz;l gilahdJ

myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhf ntspg;gilahff; fpsHr;rp nra;jJ> jq;fsJ MAjq;fisf; fPNo Nghl;L

tpl;lhHfs;. fpsHr;rpahsHfs; myp (uyp) mtHfis mz;kpj;J> fyp/gh myp vd;W miog;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf ntWkNd

myp vd;W mioj;J> ePq;fs; ,dp vq;fsJ Ml;rpj; jiytH my;y vd;whHfs;. mj;Jld;> mypNa..! ePq;fs;

thSld; NgRNthk; thUq;fs; vd;fpwPHfs;> mtHfNsh FHMDld; NgRNthk; thUq;fs; vd;fpwhHfs;. xU

fypghthf..> Ml;rpj; jiytuhf ,Ue;J nfhz;L ePq;fs; FHMid tpl;L tpyfp XLtJ ey;yjh.. vd;whHfs;.

,d;Dk; mtHfs; myp (uyp) mtHfis vr;rhpf;Fk; njhzpapy;> vjphpfisg; Nghyg; Ngr Muk;gpj;jhHfs;..> mypNa..!

ePq;fs; vq;fsJ Nfhhpf;iff;Fr; nrtpNaw;ftpy;iy vd;why;..> cq;fSf;F Kd; Ml;rp nra;jtUf;F..>

cJkhDf;F vd;d NeHe;jNjh mJNt cq;fSf;Fk; NeHe;J tplyhk; vd;whHfs;.

,tHfspd; kpul;ly; njhzpiaf; Nfl;l khj;jpuj;jpy; myp (uyp) mtHfsJ ,jaNk ntbj;J tpLk; NghypUe;jJ>

,d;Dk; Mr;rhpaj;jpy; ciwe;J Nghdtuhf> vd;d nfhLik ,J..> ,e;j ,f;fl;lhdnjhU #o;epiyapy;

vd;idf; iffOtp tpl;Lr; nry;fpd;wpHfNs..> ,J epahakh..! vd;whHfs;. k;.. me;j rphpag; gilapdUld; NrHe;J

nfhz;L my;yh`;Tf;Fk; mtdJ J}jUf;Fk; tpNuhjkhfr; nray;gLq;fs; vd;whHfs;. Mdhy; me;jf; fpsHr;rpf;

fhuHfNsh> jq;fsJ eltbf;ifapypUe;J rw;Wk; tpyFtjhf ,y;iy. ,d;Dk; kpfg; nghpa gil xd;W m];jH

mtHfsJ jiyikapy; epd;W nfhz;L kpf cf;fpukhfg; NghH nra;J nfhz;bUe;jJ>,d;Dk; mtHfsJ if

Xq;fpAk; ,Ue;jJ. ,g;nghOJ> me;jf; fpsHr;rpf; fhuHfs;> m];jH d; gilfis thg]; ngw;W mtHfis jpUk;gp

tUkhW cj;jutpLkhW myp (uyp) mtHfisf; Nfl;lhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ myp (uyp) mtHfis fpsHr;rpf;fhuHfs;

fLikahfr; rhl Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyapy; cq;fSf;Fk; rk;ge;jk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ

vd;whHfs;. rphpa kf;fSf;F vjpuhd NghNu cq;fsJ Raeyj;jpd; fPo; tpise;jJ jhNd vd;Wk; $wpdhHfs;.

myp (uyp) mtHfNsh..> 'cq;fsJ ,e;j fpsHr;rpiaf; iftpltpy;iy vd;why; kpfg; nghpa tpisitr; re;jpf;f

Page 207: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

NeUk;" fpsHr;rpahsHfisg; ghHj;J vr;rhpj;jhHfs;. gjpYf;F fpsHr;rpahsHfSk; myp (uyp) mtHfis vr;rhpf;f

Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,Wjpapy; fpsHr;rpahsHfspd; gpbthjk; ,Wf Muk;gpj;jTld;> NtW topapd;wp m];jH mtHfspd;

jiyikapy; ,aq;fpa gilia thg]; ngw;W tUkhW cj;jutpl;lhHfs; myp (uyp) mtHfs;. Ntz;lh ntWg;ghf

m];jH mtHfs; jpUk;gp tu> fpsHr;rpahsHfSf;Fk;> mtHfSf;Fk; ,ilNa #lhd thHj;ijg; gwpkhw;wq;fs;

Muk;gkhfpd.

Nfhgile;j m];jH fpsHr;rpahsHfis Nehf;fp> ePq;fs; Nt\jhhpfs;> fgl vz;zk; nfhz;ltHfs;> ,d;Dk;

vjphpfs; vd;W fH[pj;jhHfs;. mtHfSk; gjpYf;F fj;j Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. jdJ gilf;Fs;Ns fpsHr;rpahsHfspd;

if Xq;f Muk;gpj;jJld;> ntw;wp iff;F vl;ba J}uj;jpy; ,Ue;Jk; myp (uyp) mtHfs; Nghiu epWj;j Ntz;ba

#o;epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gl;;lhH. mg;NghjpypUe;J JujpU\;lkhdJ myp (uyp) mtHfis Nehf;fp kpf tpiuthfNt tu

Muk;gpj;jJ.

Ngr;RthHj;ij xg;ge;jq;fs;

FHMdpd; gf;fq;fis fhl;bajd; gpd;dzpAk;> Kf;fpaj;JtKk;

vg;nghOJ myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhf mtuJ NjhoHfNs fpsHr;rp nra;a Muk;gpj;jhHfNsh mg;nghOjpypUe;J

myp (uyp) mtHfshy; Rakhfr; nray;gl ,aytpy;iy> khwhf> me;jf; fpsHr;rpahsHfspd; nrhy;Yf;F fl;Lg;gl;L

elf;f Ntz;ba epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gl;lhH. fpsHr;rpahsHfs; jq;fsJ jiytuhd m\h]; gpd; if]; mtHfis

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfsplk; mDg;gp itj;J> rphpahf;fhuHfs; FHMd; gpujpiaf; fhl;bajd; fhuzk; vd;d vd;gij

mwpe;J tUtjw;fhf mDg;gp itf;FkhW NfhhpdhHfs;.

mt;thNw mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;lhH if];. KMtpah (uyp) mtHfsplk; ,J gw;wp mtH tpdtpa nghOJ> Mk;..> MAj

Kidapy; ehk; jPHT ngWtijf; fhl;bYk;> jpUkiwapd; tpsf;fj;jpd; %yk; ,U FOf;fSk; jq;fsJ

gpur;idiaj; jPHj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;" vd;gNj mjd; mHj;jkhFk; vd;W KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; mjw;F

tpsf;fkspj;jhHfs;. ,g;nghOjpypUe;J ,U jug;ghUk; NghhpypUe;J tpyfp tpLtJ. ek; ,UtUf;Fk; ,ilNa Ngrp

epahak; toq;Ftjw;fhf ,UePjpgjpfis epakpg;Nghk;. me;j ePjpgjpfspy; xUtH vq;fspypUe;Jk;> xUtH

cq;fspypUe;Jk; tul;Lk;. ,uz;L NgHfSk; mkHe;J jpUkiwf; FHMd; kw;Wk; egptopapd; mbg;gilapy; mjpfhuk;

ahH iff;Fr; nry;y Ntz;Lk; vd;gijj; jPHkhdpf;fl;Lk;. ePjpgjpfspd; KbTf;F ehk; midtUk; fl;Lg;gl

Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j KbTf;F myp (uyp) mtHfspd; rk;kjj;ijg; ngwhkNyNa> rhp mt;thNw elf;fl;Lk; vd;W m\h];

mtHfs; rk;kjk; njhptpj;J tpl;L te;J tpLfpd;whHfs;. myp (uyp) mtHfspd; epiyNah> ,dp me;j Kbit Vw;Wf;

nfhs;tijj; jtpu NtnwJTk; nra;a ,ayhj epiy cUthfp tpl;lJ. ,q;F elg;gJ mjpfhuk; ahH iff;F

khWtJ vd;gijg; gw;wp my;y vd;w jdJ epiyg;ghl;by; myp (uyp) mtHfs; cWjpahf ,Ue;jhHfs;. ehd;

Kiwahfj; NjHT nra;ag;gl;lnjhU Ml;rpahsd;> Ml;rpapid elj;Jtjw;F mjpfhuk; ngw;wtd;> vd;Dila

mjpfhuj;ij ,U jug;G epahaj;ijg; NgRtJ Nghyg; Ngrp mjid khw;w ,ayhjJ. myp (uyp) mtHfs;

vd;djhd; tpsf;fkspj;jhYk; mjidf; Nfl;Fk; epiyapy; me;jf; fpsHr;rpahsHfs; ,y;iy. ve;jtpj cjtpAkw;w

epiyapy; myp (uyp) mtHfs; fpsHr;rpahsHfisg; ghHj;J> ''ehd; vd;d nrhy;y tUfpd;Nwd; vd;gij ePq;fs;

Nfl;gjw;Fj; jauhf ,y;yhj gl;rj;jpy;> ePq;fs; vij tpUk;Gfpd;wPHfNsh mjidr; nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs;"" vd;W

$wp tpl;lhH.

m\h]; gpd; if];

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; MNyhridia Vw;Wf; nfhz;l ,e;j m\h]; gpd; if]; vd;gtH gD} fpe;jp vDk;

Nfhj;jpuj;ijr; NrHe;jtH. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ fhyj;jpy; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;ltH. ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfs; ,we;jTld;> ,];yhj;ij tpl;L ntspNawp fpsHr;rp nra;jtH. ,e;jf; fpsHr;rpahsHfSf;F vjpuhf

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ fhyj;jpy; ele;j Nghhpy; Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;ltH. gpd;dH> mtH kjPdhtpw;F te;J kd;dpg;Gf;

Nfhhp gpd;dH> kPz;Lk; ,];yhj;jpw;Fs; Eioe;jtH. ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; fhyj;jpy; ghurPfHfSf;F vjpuhf ele;j

Nghhpy; fye;J nfhz;lhH. ,Ug;gpDk; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; ,tiu ek;gp ve;jg; nghWg;igAk; xg;gilf;ftpy;iy.

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; jhd; ,tiu xU gFjpf;F ftHduhf epakpj;jhHfs;. myp (uyp) mtHfs; ,tiu

gjtpapypUe;J fPopwf;fpdhHfs;. $/ghtpw;F te;j ,tH> myp (uyp) mtHfsplk; thf;Fg; gpukhzk; nra;J

nfhz;lhH. rpg;gPid Nehf;fpr; nrd;w gilf;F ,tiu myp (uyp) mtHfs; jsgjpahf;fpdhHfs;> ,d;Dk;

jz;zPUf;fhf ele;j Aj;jj;jpy; ,tH rpwe;j gq;fhw;wpdhH> rphpah gilfs; gpd;thq;Ftjw;Ff; fhuzkhf

Page 208: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

mike;jhH. Muk;gj;jpy; myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F kpfTk; neUf;fkhdtuhfj; jd;idf; fhl;bf; nfhz;l ,tH>

gpd;dH kdJ khwp myp (uyp) mtHfs; kPJ jdf;fpUe;j neUf;fj;ij tpl;Lk; tpyf Muk;gpj;jhH. KMtpah (uyp)

mtHfspd; Ml;fs; FHMdpd; gpujpfis fhz;gpg;gjw;F Kd;ghfNt m\h]; mtHfs; xU KbTf;F te;jpUe;jhH.

me;j Kbtpid jdJ fpe;jh Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfsplk; ,t;thW njhptpf;fTk; nra;jhH. X vd;dUik K];ypk;fNs..!

,e;j Nghhpy; vd;ndd;d epfo;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd vd;gjw;F ePq;fs; rhl;rpaq;fshf ,Uf;fpd;wPHfs;> vj;jid

K];ypk;fs; <T ,uf;fkpd;wp nfhiy nra;ag;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;gijAk; ghHj;Jf;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;wPHfs;. ehNdh tajhspahfp tpl;Nld;> Mdhy; ,g;gbg;gl;l nfh^ukhd epfo;Tfis ehd; vdJ

tho;ehspy; ghHj;jNj fpilahJ. ehd; nrhy;tij ahH ahnuy;yhk; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wPHfNsh> mtHfs;

mjidf; Nfl;fhjtHfSf;F vj;jp itj;J tpLq;fs;. ,iwtd; kPJ rj;jpakhf..> mjhtJ ,jw;F xU KbT tu

Ntz;Lnkd;wy;> ,d;wpypUe;J ehk; NghH nra;ag; Nghtjpy;iy> K];ypk;fisf; nfhiy nra;tjpypUe;J ehk;

tpyfpNa epw;Nghk;. ,iwtd; kPJ rj;jpakhf..! NghUf;F gae;Njh my;yJ fgl vz;zj;ij vd; kdjpy; kiwj;J

itj;Jf; nfhz;Nlh ehd; ,jid cq;fSf;Fr; nrhy;ytpy;iy. ,jid cq;fSf;F ehd; nrhy;y Ntz;ba

fhuzk; vd;dntd;why;> K];ypk; ngz;fs;> Foe;ijfs; kw;Wk; mtHfs; milag; NghFk; ,d;dy;fs; Fwpj;Jk;>

,e;jg; Nghhpy; jq;fsJ ,sty;fis ,oe;J mtHfs; Jd;gkiltijg; NghtijAk; ,l;Lj; jhd; ehd; ,t;thW

$Wfpd;Nwd; vd;W $wp ciuia Kbj;jhH.

,J xU ntspg;gilahd #o;r;rpNa. ,e;j #o;r;rpfukhd gz;G mtuJ ,uj;jpy; Xlf; $baJ. ,tH jdJ

kfis ,khk; `]d; mtHfSf;F kzKbj;Jf; nfhLj;jpUe;jhH. a]Pj; cila Mir thHj;ij fhuzkhf

,khk; `]d; mtHfSila cztpy; tp\j;ijf; fye;J itj;jhH> mjhtJ ,khk; `]d; mtHfSf;F

tp\j;ij fye;J nfhLj;jhy; mjw;Fg; gpujpaPlhf ,tiu kze;J nfhs;tjhf a]Pj; thf;fspj;jpUe;jhH. ,khk;

`]d; mtHfSf;F tp\Kk; itf;fg;gl;lJ. Mdhy;> jdJ fztDf;F tp\k; itj;jnjhU ngz;iz vt;thW

jhd; ek;gp tho ,aYk; vd;W $wp> jdJ thf;FWjpia kWj;J tpl;l a]Pj;> m\h]pd; kfis kzf;fr;

rk;kjpf;ftpy;iy.

myp (uyp) cjtpapd;wpg; Nghdjd; gpd; tpisTfs;

rpg;gPd; Aj;jk; vtUk; epidj;jpuhj khj;jpuj;jpy; KbTf;F te;jJk;> fpsHr;rpahsHfs; myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F

vjpuhf fpilf;f ,Ue;j ntw;wp gwpNghdijj; jtpu> mtHfs; Vd; mtUf;F vjpuhff; fpsHr;rpapy; ,wq;fpdhHfs;

vd;gjw;fhd A+fq;fs; vJTk; fpilf;ftpy;iy. FHMdpDila gpujpepjpfis mtHfs; vjpHKfhkpy; ,Ue;J

ghHj;jTld;> clNd NghHf;fsf; fhl;rpfs; khw Muk;gpj;J tpl;ld. Vd; mt;thW jpBnud;W #o;epiy khwpaJ

vd;gJ Fwpj;J ,d;Dk; kHkkhfNt ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Mdhy;> myp (uyp) mtHfspd; gilapy; ,Ue;j gy Kf;fpakhd

jsgjpfs; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; Mir thHj;ijfSf;F mbgzpe;J tpl;lhHfs; vd;Nw Njhd;Wfpd;wJ. myp

(uyp) mtHfs; jpul;b te;j gil vz;zpf;ifapy; mjpfkhf ,Ue;jNj jtpu> xOf;fj;jpy; mtHfs; gytPdHfshfj;

jhd; ,Ue;jhHfs;> xOf;fj;jpd; tPo;r;rpNa myp (uyp) mtHfspd; tPo;r;rpf;Fk; fhuzkhf mike;jJ. ,d;Dk; myp

(uyp) mtHfspd; gilapy; ,Ue;j gilj; jsgjpfs; nghwhik nfhz;ltHfshfTk; ,Ue;jhHfs;. myp(uyp)

mtHfs; m\h]; mtHfis jiyikj;jsgjpahf epakpj;jhHfs;. ,jid khypf; gpd; m];jH mtHfs;

vjpHj;jhHfs;. ,e;j ,uz;L jsgjpfSf;Fk; ,ilNa Vw;gl;l Ngjq;fs;> Nghhpd; nghOJk; vjpnuhypf;f

Muk;gpj;jd. ,d;Dk; myp (uyp) mtHfs; jhd; rj;jpaj;jpy; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwd; ek;gpf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfNs

jtpu> mjid gpur;rhuk; nra;J> jdf;fhd MjuTj; jsj;ij mtHfs; cUthf;fpf; nfhs;s Kaw;rpf;ftpy;iy.

Mdhy; mNj Neuj;jpy; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; ,j;jifa gpur;rhuq;fspy; Muk;g fhyj;jpypUe;Nj ifNjHe;jtuhf

,Ue;jhH> ,e;j tifapy; myp (uyp) mtHfis tpl KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; kpQ;rpatHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;.

eLtHfspd; xg;ge;jk;

eLtHfs; mkHe;J xg;ge;jj;ij vOj Kw;gl;l nghOJ> mjd; Kjy; thpapNyNa ,uz;L jug;gpdUf;Fk; ,ilNa

jHf;fk; Muk;gkhfp tpl;lJ. me;j xg;ge;jj;jpy;> myp (uyp) mtHfis ,iwek;gpf;ifahsHfspd; jiytH vd;W

Fwpg;gplg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W typAWj;jpdH. mtiu ehq;fs; vq;fsJ fyP/ghthfNt ehq;fs; Vw;Wf;

nfhs;stpy;iy vDk; nghOJ> mtuJ ngaUf;F Kd;dhy; vg;gb mtuJ gl;lj;ij ,izf;f KbAk; vd;W

Nfl;ldH. ,d;Dk; xU gb NkNy nrd;whHfs;> myp (uyp)mtHfspd; mzpapy; ,Ue;j fpsHr;rpf;fhuHfs;> mtHfs;

$wpdhHfs;..> `{ijgpa;ah cld;gbf;ifapy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; ngaUf;F Kd;dhy; ,iwj;J}jH

vd;W vOjg;gltpy;iy vDk; nghOJ> ,g;nghOJ kl;Lk; myp f;F nghUe;jhky; NghdJ VNdh? vd;W myp

(uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhff; Nfh\kpl Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ ngaUf;F

Page 209: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

Kd;dhy; ,iwj;J}jH vd;W NghLtijj; jtpHf;Fk;gb Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfNs vd;whHfs;. gpd;dH xg;ge;jk;

vOjg;gl;L> ,U FOf;fSf;FkpilNa epyTk; ,e;jg; gpur;idia eLtHfs; $b Muha;e;J KbntLg;gH vd;W

jPHkhdpf;fg;gl;lJ.

eLtHfs; jq;fsJ jPHg;ig FHMd; %ykhf Kjypy; toq;f Ntz;Lk;> ,d;Dk; FHMdpy; NghJkhd Mjhuq;fs;

,y;iy vdpd; egp (]y;) mtHfspd; Rd;dhtpd; eilKiwapd; fPo; me;jj; jPHg;ig vOj Ntz;Lk; vd;W Nfl;Lf;

nfhs;sg;gl;lhHfs;. ,d;Dk; eLtHfs; vjw;Fk; mr;rg;gl Ntz;lhk; vd;Wk;> ntsptUfpd;w jPHg;G vJthf

,Ug;gpDk;> mtHfsJ capH> clikfs;> FLk;gq;fs; midj;Jk; ghJfhf;fg;gLk; vd;w cj;juthj;ijAk;

toq;fpdhHfs;. eLtHfs; jq;fsJ jPHg;ig toq;Ftjw;F MW khj fhyk; vLj;Jf; nfhs;s

mDkjpf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. $/ghTf;Fk;> lkh];f]{f;Fk; ,ilNa xU eL epiyahd gFjpapy; itj;J> mtHfs;

jq;fsJ jPHg;ig vOjl;Lk; vd;W mwpTWj;jg;gl;lhHfs;. mjpfhuk; ahUila iftrk; nry;y Ntz;Lk; vd;gij

me;j eLtHfs; jPHkhdpf;Fk;gb Nfl;Lf; nfhs;sg;gl;lhHfs;. mg;nghOJ> myp (uyp) mtHfspd; MjhuthsHfs;

Fwpf;fpl;L> mjpfhuk; ahhplk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ ,q;F gpur;id my;yNt> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd;

gLnfhiyf;fhd 'f]];" ,uj;j ,og;gPL NfhUtJ jhNd gpujhd gpr;id vd;whHfs;. mjid myp (uyp)

mtHfspd; jug;Gf; fpsHr;rpahsHfs; kWj;Jiuj;J> cz;ikahd gpur;idNa myp f;Fk; KMtpahTf;Fk; ,ilNa

ahH Ml;rpahsuhf ,Ug;gJ jhd;. vg;nghOJ mjpfhuk; ahUila ifapy; ,Ug;gJ vd;gjidj; jPHkhdpj;J

tpl;NlhNkh> mg;nghOJ cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; gLnfhiyg; gpur;idapy; mjw;fhd 'f]];" k; jPHkhdpf;fg;gl;Lk;>

me;jg; gpur;id mJthfNt KbTf;F te;J tpLk; vd;W $w Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. eLtHfs; ,g;nghOJ xg;ge;j

jPHkhdj;ij epiwT nra;jpUe;j nghOJ> me;jj; jPHkhd xg;ge;jk; myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F kuz xg;ge;jNk md;wp

Ntnuhd;whf ,Uf;fg; Nghtjpy;iy vd;gjid mg;nghONj mJ czHj;jpaJ. myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F cjtp

nra;a ahUkpd;wp> jdpikapy; tplg;gl;ltuhdhH. tiuag;gLk; xg;ge;jj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;tijj; jtpHj;J NtW top

VJk; mtUf;F ,Uf;ftpy;iy.

eLtHfs;

,g;nghOJ jPHg;G nra;J xg;ge;jj;ij vOjf; $ba eLtHfshf ahiu epakpg;gJ vd;w gpur;id vOe;jJ. myp

(uyp) mtHfs; ahiuf; if fhl;Lfpd;whHfs; vd;W tpdtg;gl;lJ. mg;Jy;yh gpd; mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfis ehd;

topnkhopfpd;Nwd; vd;whHfs; myp (uyp) vd;whHfs;. mg;Jy;yh gpd; mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfs; cq;fsJ cwtpduhf

,Ug;gjhy;> mtiu ePq;fs; vt;thW epakdk; nra;a KbAk; vd;W fpsHr;rpahsHfs; vjpHg;Gf; Fuy; vOg;gpdhHfs;.

gpd;dH khypf; gpd; m\;jH mtHfis jdJ NjHthf myp (uyp) mtHfs; $wpa nghOJ> ,e;jg; Nghhpy; khypf;

gpd; m\;jH mtHfs; fye;J nfhz;bUg;gjhy;> mthplk; eLepiyahd jPHg;ig vjpHghHf;f KbahJ vd;w

fhuzj;ijf; $wp tpl;L> mG+ %]h gpd; m\;mhp (uyp) mtHfis epakpf;FkhW fpsHr;rpahsHfs; Nfl;Lf;

nfhz;lhHfs;. Ke;ija $/ghtpd; ftHduhf ,Ue;j mtiu ehd; gjtp ePf;fk; nra;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;> ,d;Dk; mtH

eLepiyahd jPHg;G toq;FthH vd;gjpy; vdf;F ek;gpf;if ,y;iy vd;W $wpdhH myp(uyp) mtHfs;. mG+ %]h

my; m\;mhp (uyp) mtHfs; eLepiyf;Fg; ngaH NghdtHfs;> mtiuj; jtpu NtW ahiuAk; ek;Kila jug;G

ePjpgjpahf ehq;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhs;s khl;Nlhk; vd;W $wpdhHfs;. ,Wjpahf myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F NtW

topapd;wpg; NghdJ> myp (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ jug;G ePjpgjpahf mG+ %]h my; m\;mhp (uyp) mtHfis Vw;Wf;

nfhs;s Ntz;ba fl;lhaj;jpw;Fj; js;sg;gl;lhHfs;.

mLj;j gf;fj;jpy; mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfs; ePjpgjpahf epakpf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. mtH Nghhpy; fye;J nfhz;lJ

kw;Wk; ghugl;rkhf ele;J nfhz;l jd;ikfs; vJTk; mtiug; nghWj;jtiu vtUk; fzf;fpy; nfhs;stpy;iy>

ve;jtpj vjpHg;Gkpd;wp KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; jug;G ePjpgjpahf mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfs; Mfp tpl;lhHfs;.

fhhp[pa;ahf;fs;

NghHf;fsj;jpypUe;J jpUk;Gjy;

eLtHfspd; jPHg;Gf;F Kd;dhy; ,uz;L jug;gpdUk; NghHf;fsj;ij tpl;Lk; ntspNaw Ntz;Lk; vd;W Nfl;Lf;

nfhs;sg;gl;lhHfs;. eLtHfs; jPHg;G myp (uyp) mtHfspd; kPJ jpzpf;fg;gl;lJ vd;Nw $w Ntz;Lk;> ifaW

epiyapypUe;J myp (uyp) mtHfs; eLtHfspd; jPHg;Gf;Ff; fl;Lgl;L elf;f Ntz;ba fl;lhaj;jpw;F

Mshf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. eLtHfspd; Ntz;LNfhspd;gb mtH jd;Dila jug;gpdiu thg]; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;gb

mwptpj;jhH. myp (uyp) mtHfSk; kpfTk; fdj;j ,jaj;Jld; rpg;gPd; Aj;jf; fsj;ij tpl;Lk; ntspNawpdhH.

Page 210: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

ntw;wp fz;Zf;F vl;ba J}uj;jpy; ,Ue;Jk; jdJ iff;Ff; fpilf;ftpy;iyNa vd;W Vf;fk; mtuJ neQ;ir

milj;jJ. nrhe;j FOtpduhNyNa jdJ ntw;wp gwp Ngha; tpl;lNj..! vdJ KJfpy; Fj;jp tpl;ldNu vd;W

rpe;jpf;f Muk;gpj;J tpl;lhH. ,uz;L jug;gpYk; Vuhskhd K];ypk;fs; jq;fsJ capHfisg; gwp nfhLj;J

tpl;lhHfNs vd;w ftiy mtiu thl;baJ. ,d;Dk; mk;khH gpd; ah]H (uyp) Nghd;w kpfr; rpwe;j NjhoHfisAk;

my;yth ehd; ,oe;J tpl;Nld;> mtuJ ntw;wplj;ij ahuhy; jhd; epug;g KbAk;. mJkl;Lkh K];ypk;fspd;

xw;Wik gwpNgha; tpl;;lNj.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,we;J xU E}w;whz;L foptjw;F Kd;ghfNt> K];ypk;fs; jq;fsJ xOf;f

Nkk;ghl;il ,oe;J> kPz;Lk; me;j mwpahikf;fhy tho;Tf;Fj; jpUk;gp tpl;lhHfNs..! ,d;Dk; rj;jpak;

Njhw;fbf;fgl;L> mrj;jpaj;jpd; iffs; Xq;fp tpl;ldNt..! vd;id ,e;j epiyf;F Mshf;fpaJk;> ,d;Dk;

K];ypk;fs; ,g;gbg;gl;l tpfhuj;jpy; rpf;f itf;fg;gl;L fLQ; Nrhjidf;F cs;shf;fg;gl;bUg;gijg; ghHj;jhy;>

,iwtd; ek;ikr; Nrhjpf;f tpUk;Gfpd;whd; vd;Nw Njhd;Wfpd;wJ. ,iwtDila tpjpapd; mikg;ig xg;Gf;

nfhz;l myp (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ jiuia epyj;jpy; itj;J ]{[{J nra;J> ,iwth ,e;jg; gpur;idapy;

vdf;F nghWikia toq;Fthahf..! f\;lkhd ,e;jr; #o;epiyapy; mjidr; re;jpg;gjw;fhd kdijhpaj;ij

toq;Fthahf..! vd;W gpuhHj;jpj;jhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ gilfs; FWf;Fg; ghijahf A+g;ub]; ejpf;fiuapy; tyJ gf;fkhf jpUk;g Muk;gpj;jd. rj;jpaj;ij

epiyehl;Ltjw;fhf jPg;nghwpahff; fpsk;gp te;jtHfs;> ,g;nghOJ jsHe;j epiyapy;> Vkhw;wj;NjhL tPL jpUk;gpf;

nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. mikjp xg;ge;jk; epiwNtw Muk;gpj;jTld;> xUtH kw;wit Fw;wg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s

Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,e;j epiyf;F ehNk fhuzk; vd;W xt;nthUtUk; jd;idNa nehe;J nfhs;s Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

$/ghtpw;Fj; jpUk;gp te;jhfp tpl;lJ> vq;F Nehf;fpDk; NrhfNk epytpaJ. rpg;gPd; Aj;jj;jpy; gypahd jq;fspd;

cwTfis epidj;J> efhpd; ngUk;ghyhd tPLfspy; ngz;fspd; mOifnahypNa Nfl;lJ. jq;fsJ cwTfis

tPzhdnjhU fhhpaj;jpw;fhf ,oe;J tpl;NlhNk vd;w fUj;Nj midthplKk; kpifj;jpUe;jJ. muR epHthfk;

mjsghjhsj;jpy; tPo;e;J fple;jJ. murpd; nghUshjhu ,Ug;Gf; Fiwthy; fLikahd Nrhjidia vjpHnfhs;s

Ntz;bapUe;jJ. rl;lk; xOq;F jpUg;jpfukhd epiyapy; ,y;iy. murepHthfj;ij kPl;Lf; nfhz;L tUtjw;F myp

(uyp) kpfTk; rpukj;ij vjpHNehf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ. Nghhpy; jq;fsJ capHfis ,oe;jtHfspd; FLk;gj;jhHfs;

kPJ myp (uyp) mtHfs; kpfTk; ghpTld; ele;J nfhz;lhHfs;> cq;fsJ ,og;Gf;F epr;rkhaf gopthq;fg;gLk;

vd;W cWjpaspj;jhHfs;.

gs;spthrypy; itj;J kf;fSf;F Mw;wpanjhU ciuapy;> my;yh`;tpd; fapw;iwg; gw;wpg; gpbj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;>

,];yhkpa xOf;f tpOkpaq;fis tsHj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;> xUtH kw;wtUld; gpize;J xw;WikAld; thOq;fs;>

,d;Dk; ,Wjp ntw;wpf;F my;yh`;tplk; gpuhHj;jidAk; nra;Aq;fs; vd;W mwpTiu $wpdhH.

,d;Dk; jdf;F ek;gpf;ifahd kf;fis mioj;J> jhd; rpg;gPd; Aj;jj;jpy; vg;gb Vkhw;wg;gl;Nld; vd;gJ Fwpj;j

tpsf;fj;ij tpthpj;jhHfs;. mtHfspd; czHTfis mikjpg;gLj;jpajd; gpd;G> rj;jpaj;ij epiyehl;Ltjw;fhf

vd;Dld; xj;Jiof;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; mtHfsplk; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhH.

fhhp[pa;ahf;fs;

rpg;gPd; Aj;jj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dhy; jhd; ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; Kjd;Kjyhf> ,];yhj;jpd; ngahpy; xU FO

cUthfpaJ vdyhk;> mtHfisj; jhd; fhhp[pa;ahf;fs; vd;wiof;fpd;Nwhk;. ,jw;F rhpahd mHj;jk; vd;dntdpy;>

gphptpidthjpfs;> ntspNawpatHfs; vdg;gLk;. ,tHfs; jq;fis> jq;fsJ capHfisAk;> nghUs;fisAk;

my;yh`;tpw;fhf jpahfk; nra;J> mjw;F <lhfr; Rtdj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;ltHfs; vd;W mioj;Jf;

nfhs;fpd;whHfs;. ,e;j fhhp[pa;ahg; gphpthdJ> gD} jkPk;> gD} gf;H kw;Wk; gD} `k;jhd; Mfpa

Nfhj;jpuj;jhhpypUe;Nj cUthdJ. ,e;jf; Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfs; jhd; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhd fpsHr;rpapy;

Kd;dzp tfpj;jhHfs;. vg;nghOJ KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyf;F 'f]];"

vd;w ,uj;j ,og;gPl;Lf; Nfhhpf;ifia Kd; itj;jhHfNsh mg;nghONj ,tHfs;> myp (uyp) mtHfSld; $l;Lr;

NrHe;J nfhz;lhHfs;. xl;lfg; Nghhpy; myp (uyp) mtHfSld; fye;J nfhz;lhHfs;. myp (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ

gilia rphpahit Nehf;fp efHj;jpa nghOJ> myp (uyp) mtHfSila gilapy; ,e;jg; gphptpd; Fwpg;gpl;l msTf;F

,Ue;jdH.

rpg;gPd; Aj;jj;jpy; ve;jtpj ,Wjp KbTk; fpilf;fg; ngwhjjw;F> ,e;jg; gphptpdH NghhpypUe;J gpd;thq;fpf;

nfhz;lNj fhuzkhFk;. ,e;jg; NghuhdJ myp (uyp) kw;Wk; KMtpah (uyp) MfpNahUf;F ,ilNa elf;Fk;

Page 211: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

gjtpg; NghHjhd; vd;W mtHfs; fUj Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,e;j kf;fsplk; Rakhd Nghf;F vd;gJ kpfTk; Mokhf

Nt&d;wp tpl;lnjhd;W> mjpfhuj;jpw;fhd Nghl;b vd;gJ mtHfisg; nghWj;jtiu ntWg;ig Vw;gLj;Jtjhf

,Ue;jJ. ,d;Dk; ,e;j mjpfhug; Nghl;bapy; ehk; Vd; ntw;wpiyf;F eLtpy; ,Uf;Fk; ghf;Fg; Nghy khl;bf;

nfhz;L tpopf;f Ntz;Lk;. vdNt jhd; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; gilfs; FHMd; gpujpiaf; fhz;gpj;jTld;>

mjw;F nrtpkLj;jNjhL> fz;Zf;F vl;ba J}uj;jpy; ntw;wp ,Ue;j NghJk;> Nghiuf; iftpLk;gbf; $wp myp

(uyp) mtHfis typAWj;jpdhHfs;.

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyapy; rk;ge;jg;gl;bUe;jNjhL> myp (uyp) mtHfsplk; $l;Lr; NrHe;J

nfhz;Nl> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; Nehf;fj;ij epiwNtw;wNt mtHfspd; ,e;jr; nray;ghL cjtpaJ. ,jw;F

ed;wpf;fld; milf;Fk; Kfkhf cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyapy; <Lgl;bUe;jjw;fhd> mjhtJ

fhhp[pa;ahf;fs; kPjhd gopthq;fy; eltbf;ifia> eLtHfspd; xg;ge;jj;jpy; trjpahff; Fwpg;gplg;gltpy;iy>

mjid KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; typAWj;jTk; ,y;iy. eLtHfspd; jPHg;gpw;Fhpa tp\akhf> ahhplk; mjpfhuk;

,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhf kl;LNk ,Ue;jJ. mtHfs; rpg;gPd; y; ,Ue;J jpUk;gp te;J nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ>

,d;ndhU gpur;idiaAk; Njhw;Wtpj;jdH. mjhtJ> jPHg;Gf;fhf ePjpgjpia epakpg;gjpYk; mtHfs; Fog;gj;ij

Vw;gLj;jpdhHfs;. mtHfspd; $w;Wg;gb> kdpjHfSf;F ,ilNa Vw;gLk; gpur;idfspy; my;yh`; kl;LNk jPHg;G

toq;ff; $ba jFjpiag; ngw;wpUf;fpd;whd;> mtid tpLj;J kdpjHfs; jPHg;G toq;FtJ ghtkhFk; vd;W $w

Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

,jw;F Mjhukhf> 'yh `{f;k ,y;yh ypy;yh`;" vd;w trdj;ijf; ifapy; vLj;Jf; nfhz;L> ,iwtidj;

jtpu NtW ahUk; jPHg;Gf; $wtpayhJ vd;W $wpdhHfs;. ehq;fs; my;yh`;tpd; Ml;rp ,e;jg; G+kpapy;

epiyngWtjw;fhf ghLgLNthNk xopa> kdpjHfsJ Ml;rpf;fhf my;y vd;whHfs;. kdpjd; vd;w me;j];jpy;

,Ue;J ,iwtd; ,q;F Ml;rp nra;a KbahJ> mjw;fhf rpy mkPHfs;- jiytHfs; epakpf;fg;gLfpd;whHfs;> Mdhy;

me;j mkPH ,iwtdJ rl;lj;ij tYthfg; gpd;gw;wf; $batuhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mtH ,iwtdJ rl;lj;ijr;

nray;gLj;Jk; tiuf;Fk; mtH mtuJ mjpfhuj;jpy; ePbg;ghH. mjpypUe;J mtH rpwpNjDk; tpyfpr; nry;thnud;why;>

mtiuf; nfhiy nra;J tpl Ntz;Lk;. ehq;fs; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfisf; nfhiy nra;Njhnkd;why;> mtH

,iwtdJ fl;lisf;F khwhf ele;J nfhz;lNj fhuzkhFk; vd;W $w Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ahuhtJ ghtk;

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Eioa Ntz;Lk; vd;why; jdJ ghtj;jpw;F gpuhar;rpj;jk; Njbf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;> ght kd;dpg;Gf; Nfhu Ntz;Lk;

vd;Wk; $wpdhHfs;. mikjp xg;ge;jj;ij Mjhpj;jjd; %ykhf ehq;fs; ghtk; nra;J tpl;Nlhk;. mjw;fhf

ntspg;gilahf xg;Gf; nfhz;L> my;yh`;tpd; kd;dpg;igf; NfhUfpd;Nwhk;. ehq;fs; jhd; cz;ikahd K];ypk;fs;

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epuhfhpg;ghsHfSf;F kj;jpapy; vq;fshy; tho ,ayhJ vd;whHfs;. vdNt> rpg;gPd; y; ,Ue;J jpUk;gpf;

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,Ue;jhHfs;.

myp (uyp) mtHfSk; fhhp[pa;ahf;fSk;

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fhuzkhf gphpa Nehpl;lhHfs;> gpd;dH myp (uyp) mtHfisj; njhlHG nfhz;L rkhjhdg; Ngr;Rf;F tUkhW

mioj;jhHfs;. eLtH jPHg;ig xg;Gf; nfhs;tjhf ePq;fs; $wpaJ jtW vd;W myp (uyp) mtHfis

tpkHrpj;jhHfs;. mjw;F> ntw;wpf; iff;F vl;ba J}uj;jpy; ,Ue;j nghOJ> mikjp xg;ge;jj;ij Vw;Wf;

nfhs;Sk;gb epHg;ge;jk; nra;jJ ePq;fs; jhNd> ,d;Dk; ehd; mjid Ntz;lh ntWg;ghfNt> ,d;Dk; cq;fsJ

epHg;ge;jj;jpd; Nghpy; jhNd Vw;Wf; nfhz;Nld; vd;whHfs;. ehq;fs; nra;j me;j ghtj;jpw;F ehq;fs; ,iwtdplk;

gpuhar;rpj;jk; nra;J nfhz;Nlhk; vd;whH gjpYf;F mtHfs;. ,jdhy;> ePq;fs; ghtj;jpw;Fs;shfp tpl;ljhy;>

ePq;fSk; ghtg; gpuhar;rpj;jk; Njbf; nfhs;s Ntz;baJ flik vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

,J xU murpay; jtW> ,J ghtj;jpidr; NrHe;jjy;y> ,jw;fhf gpuj;Nafkhf ghtg;gpuhar;rpj;jk; Njl

Ntz;bajpy;iyNa vd;whHfs; myp (uyp). ehd; jpdKk; my;yh`;tplk; gpuhar;rpj;jk; Njbf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwd;>

mjd; %yk; md;whlk; vdJ ghtq;fSf;F kd;dpg;Gf; Nfhhpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwd;.

Page 212: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,iwtid ePjpgjpahf Vw;W mtdJ jPHg;gpid Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjid tpLj;J> kdpjHfis ePjpgjpfshf Vw;Wf;

nfhz;lJ jtW vd;whHfs;.

me;j ePjpgjpfs; jhd; my;yh`;tpd; Ntjj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; jPHg;G toq;Ftjhf cWjp $wpAs;shHfNs> mtHfs;

thf;FWjp mspj;jgb my;yh`;tpd; Ntjj;ijf; nfhz;L jPHg;G toq;ftpy;iy vd;why; mjid ehk; js;Sgb

nra;J tpLNthk; vd;whHfs;.

,g;nghOJ ePq;fs; rphpah kf;fSf;F vjpuhf NghUf;F vq;fis mioj;Jr; nry;y Ntz;Lk;> ,d;Dk; ePq;fs;

jhd; vq;fsJ jsgjpahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;whHfs;.

rhp..> cq;fsJ Nfhhpf;ifia ehd; tuNtw;fpd;Nwd;> Mdhy; ,g;nghOJ rkhjhd xg;ge;jk; Nghlg;gl;L>

NghHmikjp nra;ag;gl;L tpl;l gpd; MAjj;ijj; J}f;FtJ ,];yhj;jpw;Fk; mjd; nfhs;iffSf;Fk; KuzhdJ

my;yth vd;whHfs;. vg;nghOJ vjpH gf;fj;jpy; NghH mikjp xg;ge;jj;ij kPWfpd;whHfNsh> mg;nghOJ

cq;fSf;Fj; jiyik jhq;fp ehd; NghH Kfj;Jf;F mioj;Jr; nry;Ntd;> ,e;j ,ilg;gl;l Neuj;jpy; ehk;

NghUf;fhd Maj;ijr; nra;J nfhs;Nthk; vd;W $wpagpd; rkhjhdk; mile;j fhhp[pa;ahf;fs;> `&uh tpy;

mikj;jpUe;j jq;fsJ Fby;fis jfHj;J tpl;L> $/ghtpw;Fj; jpUk;gpdhHfs;.

myp (uyp) mtHfspd; thf;Fg;gpukhzk;

rpg;gpd; Aj;jk; ele;J Kbe;j tpl;l Neuk;> mg;nghOJ ,dp jdJ mUik kfd; ,khk; `{i]d; (uyp) mtHfs;

vt;thW ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ Fwpj;J tphpthdnjhU thf;Fg;gpukhzj;ij myp (uyp) vOjpdhHfs;.

,e;j thf;Fg;gpukhzk; xt;nthU kdpjDk; jd;Dila tho;f;ifapy; Vw;Wg; gpd;gw;wj;jf;f mwpTiufisf;

nfhz;ljhf ,Ue;jJ. ,e;j thf;Fg;gpukhzk; e`;[{y; gyfh vd;w E}ypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ.

vd;dUik kfNd..!

my;yh`;it mQ;rpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gjid cdf;Ff; flikahf;Ffpd;Nwd;. mtdJ fl;lisfisAk;

gpd;gw;wp ele;J nfhs;. mtdJ epidT nfhz;L cdJ ,jaj;ijg; gz;gLj;jpf; nfhs;. mtdJ khHf;fj;ij

tYthfg; gw;wpg; gpbj;Jf; nfhs;. cdf;Fk; cd;idg; gilj;jtDf;Fk; ,ilNa ,Uf;Fk; cwitf; fhl;bYk;

,d;ndhU cwT cdf;F tpUg;gk; kpFe;jhf Mfp tplf; $lhJ.

kWik ehs;

vd;dUik kfNd..!

njhOifiaf; nfhz;L cdJ ,jaj;ij ntspr;rg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;. fUiziaf; nfhz;L midj;J tpj

rgyq;fisAk; Jilj;njwpe;J tpL. ,iwek;gpf;if nfhz;L cdJ ,jaj;ijg; gyg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;. Qhdj;ijf;

nfhz;L mjid ntspr;rg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;. kuzj;ij epidj;J ,jaj;J Mirfis nty;tjw;F Kaw;rpAq;fs;.

,jak; nrj;J tpLtjpypUe;J vr;rhpf;ifahf ,Ue;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. nfh^ukhd me;j Neuj;ij mJ mQ;rpf;

nfhs;sl;Lk;. kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpd; cs;s epiyfs; Fwpj;J mJ ghlk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sl;Lk;. ,jw;F Kd; nrd;W

tpl;l rKjhaq;fspypUe;J mJ gbg;gpid ngw;Wf; nfhs;sl;Lk;. ckJ ,jak; %d;W tpjkhd Nfs;tpfisf;

Nfl;Lf; nfhs;sl;Lk; :

me;j kf;fs; (mopf;fg;gLtjw;F) vd;d nra;jhHfs;?

mtHfs; vq;F nrd;W tpl;lhHfs;?

,g;nghOJ mtHfsJ ,Ug;gplk; vq;Nf?

,jpypUe;J mtHfs; jq;fsJ ez;gHfsplkpUe;Jk; kw;Wk; cwtpdHfsplkpUe;Jk; ePq;fpr; nrd;W tpl;lhHfs;

vd;gij cdJ ,jak; czHe;J nfhs;Sk;> ,d;Dk; mtHfs; ,g;nghOJ kuzf;Fopapy; jdpikapy; jq;fsJ

,Ug;gplj;ij Mf;fpf; nfhz;ltHfshf.. ,Ug;gijAk;> ,d;Dk; ntFrPf;fpuj;jpNyh my;yJ rw;W jhkjkhfNth

mNj ,Ug;gplj;jpw;F ehKk; nry;y ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;gijAk; epidT nfhs;Sq;fs;.

ePq;fs; nghLNghf;fhf ,Ue;j ehl;fis ey;ywq;fs; nra;J rhp nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,e;j cyf tho;f;ifapd;

Page 213: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

Mlk;guj;jpw;fhf kWikia tpiy Ngrp tplhjPHfs;. mwpahikf;fhuHfs; Nghy NgrhjPHfs;. Njitaw;w

Ngr;Rf;fspypUe;J jtpHe;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. topNfl;bw;F ,l;Lr; nry;fpd;w ghij ,J jhd; vd;W fz;L

nfhz;ljd; gpd;G mjpy; eilNghl Kaw;rpf;fhjPHfs;. jPikf;F ,l;Lr; nry;yg;gLtjpypUe;Jk; cq;fisg;

ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;> mJNt kpfTk; ghJfhg;ghdjhFk;.

ey;nyhOf;fk; kw;Wk; ,iwek;gpf;if

ePq;fs; ey;nyhOf;fj;ijg; gug;GtPHfs; vd;why;> ePq;fSk; ey;nyhOf;fKilatHfSld; ,Ug;gPHfs;. jPikfis

cq;fsJ ehthy; vjpHnfhs;Sq;fs;. fglj;jdj;jpypUe;J jtpHe;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. my;yh`;tpd; ghijapy;

[p`hJr; nra;Aq;fs;. my;yh`;tpd; ghijapy; NghuhLk; nghOJ> jPikahsHfspd; Fw;wr;rhl;Lfisg;

nghUl;gLj;jhjPHfs;. rj;jpaj;ij epiyehl;Lk; gzpapy; ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ Gay; Nghd;w f\;lq;fs; te;jhYk;>

mjid vjpHf;fj; jaf;fk; fhl;l Ntz;lhk;. ,iwek;gpf;if nfhz;L cq;fis ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

my;yh`;tpd; ghJfhty;

vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; Nkyhf my;yh`;tplk; ghJfhg;Gg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sq;fs;> mg;nghOJ jhd; ePq;fs; kiwthd

gJq;F Fopapy; ,Ug;gJ Nghy ghJfhf;fg;gl;l muz; kw;Wk; gpwUf;F fz;Zf;Fj; njhpahj kiwtplj;ijg;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;tPHfs;. ePq;fs; mtdplk; vjidf; Nfl;Fk; nghOJk;> mtDf;F ,izfw;gpj;J tplhjPHfs;>

midj;J tpj mUl;nfhilfSk; mtdJ trNk cs;sd. NeHtopiag; gpd;gw;Wq;fs;. fglj;jdk;> mJ ekf;Fg;

nghWj;jkw;wJ.

%j;jtHfs;

vd;dUik kfNd..! cq;fsJ flikfisr; nra;tjdpd;Wk; nghLNghf;fhf ,Ue;J tplhjPHfs;. nghpahHfspd;

topj;jlj;ijg; gpd;gw;Wq;fs;. ePq;fs; vjid ,g;nghOJ ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wPHfNsh mjid mtHfs;

New;Nw ghHj;J tpl;ltHfs;. mtHfs; fw;Wf; nfhz;L tpl;ltHfs;. mDgtkpf;ftHfspd; topfhl;Ljy;fs;

gpd;gw;Wtjw;F Vw;wNjahFk;.

cq;fsJ nrhe;j topKiw

cq;fsJ Rakjpg;gPL kw;Wk; mDgtj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; elf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W tpUk;gpdhy; mt;thNw ele;J

nfhs;Sq;fs;> Mdhy; mjpy; ftdKk;> QhdKk; mtrpak;. ePq;fshf typar; nrd;W re;Njfkhdtw;wpYk;>

tpthjj;jpYk; ,wq;fp tpl Ntz;lhk;. ,j;jifa eltbf;iffspy; ,wq;f Ntz;ba re;jHg;gk; Vw;gl;lhy;>

my;yh`;tpDila MjuitAk;> cjtpiaAk; Ntz;Lq;fs;. vg;nghOJ cq;fsJ kdJ njspthfTk;> cq;fsJ

Gj;jpf;$Hikaile;j epiyapYk;> ,d;Dk; rj;jpaj;ijAk;> mrj;jpaj;ijAk; gphpj;Jg; ghHf;Fk; msTf;F cq;fsJ

mwpT jpwd; ngw;wpUf;Fk; epiyapy; kl;LNk ,e;jg; gs;sj;jhf;fpd; gf;fk; mb vLj;J itAq;fs;. Nkw;fz;l

jFjpfs; ,y;yhj epiyapy; ,q;F tUtJ topfs; ,Ul;lhfNt njd;gLk;> ,d;Dk; ePq;fs; Mgj;jpy; khl;bf;

nfhs;sTk; $Lk;. cz;ikapy; rj;jpaj;ijj; Njlf; $batH> Neuhd ghijia tpl;Lk; tpyfpr; nry;tJk; $lhJ>

re;Njfkhdtw;wpdhy; %o;fbf;fg;glTk; $lhJ.

,iwtdJ Nrhjidfs;

vd;dUik kfNd> vtdJ iftrk; kuzk; ,Uf;fpd;wNjh> mtNd tho;itAk; jdJ fl;Lghl;by;

itj;jpUf;fpd;whd;. vtd; gpwg;igf; nfhz;L tUfpd;whNdh mtNd kuzj;ijAk; nfhz;L tUfpd;whd;. mtd;

gpur;idfisf; nfhz;L cd;id Nrhjpg;ghd;. mtNd ek;Kila ,Wjp xJq;Fkplk;. ,d;Dk; mtdJ

Nrhjidapy; ePq;fs; Njhw;W tplf; $lhJ. ,e;j cyfkhdJ mtdJ kpfr; rhpahd jpl;lkplypd; fPo;

,aq;Ffpd;wJ> ,e;j cyf tho;f;ifapd; nghOJ kdpjDf;F toq;fg;gl;l mUl;nfhilfSf;Fk;>

NrhjidfSf;Fk; NtjidfSf;Fk; mtd; gjpy; nrhy;yf; flikg;gl;ltdhthd;. ,Wjpj; jPHg;G vd;gJ kWik

ehspy; jhd; toq;fg;gLk;> ,d;Dk; mJ gw;wp ekf;F ve;jtpj QhdKk; fpilahJ.

,iwtdJ jPHg;Gf; mbgzpe;J tpLq;fs;

vd;dUik kfNd..!

cq;fSf;F vJ gw;wpa mwpT ,y;iyNah mjpy; <Lglhky; xJq;fpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;> Mdhy; mJ gw;wpa mwpitj;

Njbf; nfhs;s Kaw;rp nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;> ,d;Dk; mjid tpsq;fpf; nfhs;Sk; msTf;F cq;fsJ mwpT ,d;Dk;

Nghjtpy;iy vd;gjid ePq;fs; mwpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mjid ,t;thWk; nrhy;tJ nkr;rj;jf;fJ> mjhtJ

Page 214: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

ePq;fs; gpwe;j nghOJ tsHr;rpaila Muk;gpf;fpd;w cq;fsJ GhpjYk; kw;Wk; mwpTk; ePq;fs; tsUtJ NghyNt

mJTk; tsHr;rpaila Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. ,d;Dk; ePq;fs; tsHe;jjd; gpd;dhYk;> vj;jid tp\aq;fs; gw;wp ,d;Dk;

ePq;fs; mwpatpy;iy vd;gij ePq;fs; mwpa khl;BHfs;. rpy tp\aq;fis ePq;fs; mwpa NehpLk; nghOJ mJ gw;wp

Mr;rhpag;gLtPHfs;> Mdhy; mjidg; gw;wpa mwptpidj; Njbg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lTld; me;j Mr;rhpak; cq;fis

tpl;Lk; mfy Muk;gpf;Fk;. vdNt> ePq;fs; vg;nghOJk; cq;fisg; gilj;jtDk;> ,d;Dk; tho;thjhuk;

toq;FgtDkhd mtDld; njhlHG Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;ltHfshf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. cq;fsJ tzf;f topghLfs;

mtDf;fhfntd;Nw ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;> ,d;Dk; mtDila tpjpapd; mikg;ig ePq;fs; fl;lhak; Vw;W mjw;F

mbgzpe;jhf Ntz;Lk;.

vd;dUik kfNd..!

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis tpl vtUk; ,iwtidg; gw;wpf; fw;Wf; nfhLj;J tpl KbahJ. mtiu cq;fsJ

topfhl;bahf Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sq;fs;> cq;fSf;fhd jPHtpid mthplkpUe;Nj ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

my;yh`; xUtNd..!

vd;dUik kfNd..!

my;yh`;it md;wp NtW flTs; ,Ue;jpUf;Fnkd;why;> mtHfsJ J}jHfSk; te;jpUg;ghHfs;> ,d;Dk; mtHfsJ

Mjpf;fj;ijAk; epiyepWj;jp ,Ug;ghHfs;. mt;thwhd ve;j Mjpf;fj;ijAk; ek;khy; fhz Kbatpy;iy. epr;rakhf

my;yh`; xUtNd. mtDf;F ,iz Jiz VJkpy;iy. mtd; vJTNk ,y;yhjpUe;j epiyapYk; mtd;

,Ue;jhd;> mtDf;F kuzk; vd;gNj fpilahJ> epiyahf ,Ug;gtd;. mtNd MjpAk;> me;jKk;. mtDf;nfd;W

Muk;gKk; fpilahJ> KbTk; fpilahJ. mtNd rHt rf;jpahsd;> cUtkw;wtd;> Qhdkpf;ftd;. v[khdDf;F

Kd;dhy; vg;gb Ntiyf;fhud; epw;ghNdh mjidg; Nghy ePq;fs; mtdplk; gzpthf ele;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.

Qhgfj;jpy; itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;> ed;ikia Vtp> jPikiaj; jLg;gij my;yh`; cq;fs; kPJ flikahf;fp

,Uf;fpd;whd;.

cyfj;jpd; jd;ik

vd;dUik kfNd..!

,e;j cyfk; vd;why; vd;d vd;gJ gw;wp cq;fSf;F ehd; tpsf;fg; Nghfpd;Nwd;. mjd; jd;ikfs; gw;wp

cq;fSf;F mwptpf;fpd;Nwd;. vdNt mjid ePq;fs; Qhgfj;jpy; itj;Jf nfhz;L> mjd;gbr; nray;gLq;fs;.

,e;j cyfj;jpd; Nrhjidg; nghUshfNt ehk; te;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;W fUjf; $batHfs;> ,e;j cyfj;ij

tpl;Lk; nrd;W tpLtijg; gw;wp tUj;jkila khl;lhHfs;> vg;gb vd;why; gQ;rk; jhf;fpa G+kpapy; ,Uf;fpd;w xUtH

vt;thW gRikahd G+kpia Nehf;fpr; nry;thNuh mjidg; Nghy> ,e;j cyfj;ij tpl;Lk; mtH vg;nghOJk;

nry;tjw;Fj; jahuhfNt ,Ug;ghH. ,e;j kf;fs; gazj;jpd; f\;lq;fisr; re;jpj;J> ez;gHfisAk;>

cwTfisAk; gphpe;J> ,Wjpahf mtHfs; me;j re;Njh\j;ij ms;spj; jUfpd;w G+kpf;F te;J NrHthHfs;.

mtHfs; eilNghLfpd;w xt;nthU mbAk; mtHfs; Nehf;fp te;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;w G+kpf;F mtHfis neUf;fkhf;fp

itf;Fk;. ,e;j cyf tho;f;ifapd; Nkhfj;Jld; xd;wpg; NghdtHfshy; mtHfsJ ,Ug;gplj;ij tpl;Lk;

tUtjw;F ,ayhJ. mtHfs; vj;jifatHfs; vd;why;> gRikahd G+kpapypUe;J gQ;rk; jhf;fpa G+kpia Nehf;fpr;

nry;gtHfisg; Nghd;wtHfs;. mtHfsJ gazKk; rpf;fyhdJ> ,d;Dk; mtHfsJ KbTk; NkhrkhdJ.

cq;fSf;Fk; kf;fSf;Fkpilapy; eLepiyg;Nghf;F Njit

vd;dUik kfNd..!

cq;fSf;Fk; kf;fSf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s tpthfuq;fspy; ePq;fs; eLepiyg; Nghf;iff; ifg;gpbAq;fs;.

cq;fSf;F vjid ePq;fs; tpUk;Gfpd;wPHfNsh>mjidNa mtHfSf;Fk; tpUk;gp tpLq;fs;. cq;fis ahUk;

mlf;FKiw nra;a tpUk;g khl;BHfNsh> mjidg; NghyNt gpwiuAk; mlf;FKiwf;Fs;shf;fhjPHfs;. cq;fis

vt;thW elj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W tpUk;Gfpd;wPHfNsh mjidg; NghyNt gpwiuAk; elj;Jq;fs;. cq;fsplk;

kf;fs; vt;thW ele;J nfhs;fpd;whHfNsh mjidg; NghyNt ePq;fSk; ele;J nfhs;Sq;fs;> Ghpe;J

nfhs;Sq;fs; ,J xU ey;ynjhU Njrj;jpw;fhdJ. cq;fSf;F vJgw;wp mwptpy;iyNah mjidg; gw;wpg;

NgrhjPHfs;. cq;fSf;F vjpuhf Ngrg;gLtij ePq;fs; vt;thW tpUk;g khl;BHfNsh> mjidg; Nghd;W vjidAk;

ePq;fSk; nrhy;yhjPHfs;.

jw;ngUik

Page 215: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

jw;ngUik nfhs;tJ Kl;lhs;jdkhdJ> ,d;Dk; mJ mtidNa mopj;J tpLk;. gpwuJ nghUl;fisg;

ghJfhf;Fk; nghWg;ig vLj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;lhk;. mwpT Qhdj;ijAk;> tpsf;fj;ijAk; ,iwtdplk; Njbf;

nfhs;> ,iwtid kl;LNk mQ;Rq;fs;.

vd;dUik kfNd..!

cq;fSf;F Kd; ePz;l kw;Wk; jil epiwe;j gazk; fhj;jpUf;fpd;wJ. ,e;jg; gazj;jpy; ey;nyhOf;fk; kl;LNk

kpfr; rpwe;j nrhj;jhFk;. ,e;jg; gazj;jpy; cq;fSf;F vJ NjitNah mjid kl;Lk; vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;>

rpukk; juf;$ba gSthd vjidAk; Rke;J jphpa Kaw;rpf;fhjPHfs;. vJ xd;iw cq;fshy; Rkf;f ,ayhNjh

mjidr; Rke;J jphptJ kpfg; nghpa mtkhdj;ij juf; $bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. cq;fshy; Kbe;j msTf;F

ed;ikiar; nra;Aq;fs;. ePq;fs; trjp gilj;jtuhf ,Uf;fpd;w rkaj;jpy; vtuhtJ te;J fld; Nfl;lhy;

nfhLj;J tpLq;fs;> kpfTk; ,f;fl;lhd #o;epiyapy; mJ cq;fs; iffSf;F te;J fpl;Lk;.

kWik Nehf;fpa gazk;

vd;dUik kfNd..!

cq;fSf;F Kd;ghf nrq;Fj;jhd ghiw xd;W epw;fpd;wJ. ,j;jifa cr;rpg; ghiwapy; VWtjw;F> gSthd

Rikiar; Rke;J nfhz;bUg;gtidf; fhl;bYk;> RikNa ,y;yhjtDf;Fj; jhd; mJ rhjfkhf ,Uf;Fk;.

,jid mLj;J eufk; my;yJ Rtdk; fhj;jpUf;fpd;wJ. cq;fsJ ,Ug;gplj;ij milAk; nghOJ> me;j

cq;fsJ ,Ug;gplj;jpy; Rfkhf ,Ug;gjw;fhf cq;fsJ gazj;jpw;F Kd;ghfNt mjw;Fj; Njitahd

nghUl;fis mDg;gp itj;J tpLq;fs;.

,iwtidr; re;jpg;gJ

kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dhy;> gpuhar;rpj;jk; Njl KbahJ> ,e;j cyfj;jpw;Fk; jpUk;g ,ayhJ. thdk; kw;Wk; G+kpapd;

tsq;fis vtd; iftrk; itj;jpUf;fpd;whNdh mtdplk; ePq;fs; tpUk;Gfpd;w vjidAk; ek;gpf;ifAld; Nfl;Lg;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F mDkjpj;jpUf;fpd;whd;. fUizia tpUk;gpdhy; mtdplk; mjidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tPHfs;.

mtid re;jpg;gjw;F ePq;fs; tpUk;gpdhy;> jilapd;wpr; re;jpf;f KbAk;. mtDf;F cq;fSf;Fk; ,ilNa ve;jj;

jilAk; fpilahJ. ,e;j cyfj;J tsq;fs; Fiwthd ntFkjp cilaitfNs. mitfs; cq;fSf;fhfj;

jhd;> ePq;fs; mitfSf;fhf my;y.

kuzj;jpw;fhd jahhpg;G

vd;dUik kfNd..!

ePq;fs; kWikf;fhfg; gilf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wPHfs;. kuzk; cq;fSf;fhff; fhj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. ePq;fs;

mjid tpl;L vt;tsT J}uk; XbdhYk; $l> mJ cq;fis mile;Nj jPUk;. kuzj;jpd; gpbapy; ePq;fs;

,g;gNth my;yJ mg;gNth tPo;e;J tplyhk;. cq;fsJ ghtj;jpw;fhd gpuahr;rpj;jk; Njbf; nfhs;tjw;fhd tha;g;G

jhsplg;gLtjw;F Kd;G kuzk; cq;fis mile;J tplyhk; vd;gjpy; ftdkhf ,Uq;fs;. mt;thW mJ Kd;Ng

cq;fis mile;J tpl;lnjd;why;> cq;fs; epiyik Nkhrkhfp tpLk;. vd;dUik kfNd..! vdNt vg;nghOJk;

mjid vjpHghHj;Jj; jahuhf ,Uq;fs;> mJ cq;fis mile;J tpl;lnjd;why; ve;jtpj Ntz;LjYk; Vw;Wf;

nfhs;sg;gl khl;lhJ.

cyfj;jpd; kPjhd Mrhghrq;fs;

vd;dUik kfNd..!

,e;j cyfj;jpd; Mrhghrq;fs; cq;fis kaf;fp tpl Ntz;lhk;> mJ ve;jtpj ngWkjpAkw;wJ vd;W ,iwtd;

vLj;Jiuj;Js;shd;. ,d;Dk; ,e;j cyfk; mope;J tplf; $baJ jhd; vd;gijAk; mJ mwpe;Nj

itj;jpUf;fpd;wJ. ,e;j cyfj;jpw;fhfj; jd;id mw;gzpj;Jf; nfhz;ltHfs;> Fiuf;Fk; ehia xj;jtHfs;>

Nfhgk; nfhz;l kpUfq;fs; xd;W kw;nwhd;wpd; kPJ tPo;tijg; NghyTk;> gykpf;ftd; gytPddpd; kPJ tPo;tijAk;

mJ xj;jpUf;fpd;wJ. rpy kpUfq;fs; fl;bg; Nghlg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd> NfL ,iof;Fk; vd;gjhy;. rpy xl;lfj;ijg;

Nghy XLfpd;wd> mtifspd; elkhl;lk; NfLfisNa tpistpf;Fk;. mit jq;fsJ mwptpdhy; topgpwo;fpd;wd.

mtHfs; moptpd; gf;fk; Nehf;fpatHfshfTk;> ,d;Dk; ,Uspdhy; #og;gl;ltHfshfp tpl;ltHfs;. mtHfshy;

ntspr;rj;ijg; ghHf;f ,ayhJ. ,e;j cyfj;jpd; kha tiyapy; jq;fis ,oe;J tpl;ltHfs; mtHfs;. mtHfs;

,e;j cyfj;jpd; Mirfshy; #og;gl;ltHfshf> ,d;Dk; mjidj; jq;fsJ topghl;bw;Fhpa flTs;fshfTk;

Page 216: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

Mf;fpf; nfhz;L tpl;lhHfs;. ,e;j cyfkhdJ mtHfSld; tpisahLfpd;wJ> ,d;Dk; mtHfSk; ,e;j

cyfj;Jld; tpisahLfpd;whHfs;. mjdhy; Kw;wpYk; mtHfs; kWikia kwe;Jk; tpl;;lhHfs;.

gpd;gw;Wtjw;Fhpa mwpTiufs;

kfNd..! cq;fsJ midj;J vjpHg;ghHg;GfSk; ele;J tpLtjpy;iy. cq;fSf;F tpjpf;fg;gl;l fhyj;ijj;

jhz;bAk; ePq;fs; capH tho;e;J tplg; Nghtjpy;iy. ,d;Dk; ePq;fs; eilNghl Ntz;bajpUf;fpd;wJ> cq;fSf;F

Kd;dhy; nrd;wtHfSk; ,Nj ghijapy; jhd; eilgapd;wpUf;fpd;whHfs;. cq;fsJ Mirfspy; eLepiyikiag;

Ngzpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. tiuaiwfisj; jhz;l Kaw;rpf;fhjPHfs;. cq;fsJ MirfSf;F mbgzpe;J tplhjPHfs;.

ePq;fs; ey;ynjd;W epidf;fpd;w mj;jidAk; ey;yjy;y> mit jPikapd; gf;fk; cq;fis mioj;Jr; nrd;W

tplyhk;. nry;tq;fs; vy;yhk; nry;tq;fshfp tplhJ> mJ cq;fSf;F mtkhdj;ijj; je;J tplyhk;. cq;fsJ

Nehf;fq;fspy; ftdk; Njit> ngUikahdJ moptpd; gf;fk; nfhz;L nrd;W tpLk;. cq;fSf;F tpjpf;fg;gl;l

xd;iwg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s vtUila cjtpiaAk; ehlhjPHfs;> ve;j tpiy nfhLj;jhfpYk; mJ cq;fis

mile;Nj jPUk;.

Ngr;Rk; mikjpAk;

ve;jnthU nfLjpAk; mZfhky; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lnkdpy;> mjw;F mikjpNa kUe;jhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Mdhy;

Ngr;rpdhy; Vw;gl;l jPq;fpw;F kUe;jpl;L Mw;w KbahJ. (jkpopy; $WthHfNs> jPapdhy; Rl;lGz; cs;shWk;>

MwhNj ehtpdhw; Rl;l tL vd;gijg; Nghy). jz;zPHg; igia ePq;fs; ftdpj;jJz;lh> me;jg; igapy; cs;s

jz;zPuhdij xOfp tplhky; ,Ug;gjw;fhf mjd; thapidf; fapW nfhz;L fl;b itf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ. Kjypy;

cq;fsJ MirfspypUe;Jk; ,r;irfspypUe;Jk; tpyfp jtpHe;J nfhz;ljd; gpd;dhy;> gpwUf;F nfhLj;Jjt Kd;

thUq;fs;. Kiwjtwpa topapy; ngw;wJ nghpajhf ,Ug;gpDk;> NeHikahf cioj;Jg; ngw;wJ rpwpajhf

,Ug;gpDk;> ,JNt rpwe;jjhFk;. ,iwtd; cq;fsJ ufrpaq;fis kpfTk; mwpe;jtdhf ,Uf;fpd;whd;.

rpyNtisfspy; cq;fsJ nray;fs; cq;fis rpf;fypy; khl;b itj;J tplyhk;. Njitf;F mjpfkhf ahH

NgRfpd;whNdh> mtd; jdf;Fj; jhNd jtwpioj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;whd;.

kdpjDk;> ,iwtDk;

,iwtd; kpff; fUizkpf;ftd;> ePq;fs; ghtkd;dpg;Gf; Nfhu kWj;jPHfs; vd;why;> mjw;fhf mtd; cq;fisg;

gopthq;f khl;lhd;. ePq;fs; mtd; gf;fk; jpUk;gpdhy; mtd; cq;fis ftdpf;fhJ mtkjpg;gjpy;iy> cq;fsJ

ghtq;fis jtWfis kdjpy; itj;Jf; nfhs;tjpy;iy. cq;fsJ gpuahr;rpj;jq;fis Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F

jaf;fk; fhl;LtJkpy;iy. mtdJ mUl;nfhilapypUe;J cq;fis tpyf;fp tpLtJkpy;iy. ghtg; gpuahr;rpj;jij

mtd; ed;ikahf cq;fs; fzf;fpy; tuT itf;fpd;whd;. vj;jifa jPikahd fhhpaq;fisr; nra;J tpl;lhYk;

mJ xU jPikahf cq;fsJ fzf;fpy; tuT itf;fg;gLk;> Mdhy; ePq;fs; nra;af; $ba ed;ikfis xd;Wf;F

gj;jhf tuT itf;fg;gLk;. gpuhar;rpj;jj;jpw;fhd thry;fs; vg;nghOJk; jpwe;Nj itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. cq;fsJ

gpuhHj;jidfis mtd; nrtpkLf;fpd;whd;. mtid ePq;fs; GfOk; nghOJk;> mjidf; Nfl;fpd;whd;. mtd; jhd;

cq;fsJ f\;lq;fisAk;> Jauq;fisAk;> ,d;Dk; ey;y MNuhf;fpaj;ijAk;> ePz;l MAisAk; Nfl;gjw;Fj;

jFjpahdtdhfTk;> ,d;Dk; cq;fsJ Mirfisg; G+Hj;jp nra;af; $batdhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whd;. mtidj; jtpu

NtW ahuhYk; cq;fsJ Mirfis epiwNtw;wpl KbahJ. cq;fsJ gpuhHj;jidfs; epiwNtwhJ

jhkjkhFnkd;why;> mJ Fwpj;J epuhiraile;J tpl Ntz;lhk;. gpuhHj;jidfs; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gLtnjd;gJ>

cq;fsJ jFjpiag; nghWj;jJ. rpy Neuq;fspy; cq;fsJ gpuhHj;jidfs; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sj;

jhkjkhFk;gl;rj;jpy;> mjw;F <lhf kpfg; nghpa ew;$ypiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;syhk;. rpy Neuq;fspy; cq;fsJ

Ntz;LNfhs;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl khl;lhJ> mJ kWf;fg;gLtJk; $l cq;fsJ eyid Kdpl;Lj;jhd;. vdNt

cq;fSf;Fj; Njitahdtw;iwf; NfSq;fs;> mjpy; cq;fSf;F ed;ik ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

Njhoik

ey;ytHfSld; Njhoik nfhs;Sq;fs;. Nt\jhhpfsplkpUe;J tpyfp ,Uq;fs;. gytPdHfis mlf;Fgtd; kpff;

fPo;j;jukhd mlf;FKiwahsd;. kpUJthdJ fbdkhfTk;> fbdkhdJ kpUJthfTk; $Lk;. rpyNtisfspy;

RfNk Ntjidiaj; jUk;> Ntjid Rfj;ijf; nfhLf;Fk;. rpyNtisfspy; nfl;l vz;zKilatH ed;ik

gaf;fpd;wnjhd;iw cq;fSf;Fr; nra;J tplyhk;> ,d;Dk; cq;fs; kPJ ed;ikia ehlf; $batH jPq;fpioj;J

tplyhk;. jtwhd vjpHghHg;gpd; fiuapy; epw;f Ntz;lhk;> mJNt cq;fsJ kuzj;jpw;fhd KjyPlhf ,Ue;J

tpLk;. Gj;jpf;$Hik vd;gJ mDgtj;jpw;fhd tpz;zg;gk;. rpwe;j mDgtk; vJntd;why;> mjd; %yk; ghlk;

Page 217: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

fw;Wf; nfhs;tNj. cq;fSf;F vjpuhf #o;epiyfs; khWtjw;F Kd;ghf> mjid rhjfkhf khw;wpf; nfhs;s

Kaw;rpj;J tpLq;fs;.

,Wjp KbT

gazk; nra;gtH jdJ gazj;jpypUe;J jpUk;gp tu ,ayhJ Ngha; tplyhk;. vdNt> vjidAk; tPzbj;J

tplhjPHfs;. kWik ehspd; cq;fsJ fzf;if ghobj;J tplhjPHfs;. kdpjDila ,Wjp jq;Fkplk; KbT

nra;ag;gl;L tpl;lJ. cq;fs; kPJ tpjpf;fg;gl;l me;j ,Wjp xJq;Fkplk; cq;fis mile;J nfhs;s

,Uf;fpd;wJ. xU tpahghhp rpyNtisfspy; #jhl;lf;fhudhfTk; ,Uf;f KbAk;. mjpfkhd ruf;F ,Ug;igf;

fhl;bYk;> gw;whf;FiwahdJ mtDf;F kpfTk; yhgj;ijg; ngw;Wj; juf; $bajhf ,Uf;Fk;.

Neuk;

fhw;Ws;s NghNj J}w;wpf; nfhs;. cq;fsJ Nehf;fk; cq;fis guhf;fhf;fp tpl Ntz;lhk;. gifikahdJ

Gj;jprhypj;jdj;ijf; nfLj;J tpl Ntz;lhk;. xU ez;gd; el;gpd; cwitj; jsHj;jpdhy;> mjid

cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. mtd; cq;fis tpl;Lk; J}ukhfpg; Nghdhy;> ePq;fs; mtid neUq;fpr;

nry;Yq;fs;. cq;fs; kPJ fLikahd jd;ikiaf; fhl;bdhy;> ePq;fs; mtd; kPJ ,yFthf ele;J

nfhs;Sq;fs;. mtd; jtwpioj;J tpl;lhy;> mjw;fhf mtid kd;dpj;J tpLq;fs;. ez;ghplk; goFk; nghOJ

cq;fsJ v[khddplk; goFtJ Nghd;Wk;> ePq;fs; mtuJ mbik Nghd;Wk; goFq;fs;. cq;fsJ ez;gdpd;

vjphpaplk; ePq;fs; el;Gf; nfhs;shjPHfs;. frg;ghf ,Ug;gpDk;> cq;fsJ ez;ghpd; Gj;jpkjpfisf; Nfl;Lf;

nfhs;tjpypUe;J tpyfp tplhjPHfs;. Nfhgj;jpw;F top rikf;fhjPHfs;. cq;fsplk; fLikahf ele;J nfhs;gthplk;

ePq;fs;> ,uf;fj;Jld; ele;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. cq;fs; kPJ ahH ey;ygpg;guhak; itj;jpUf;fpd;whHfNsh> mJ

ngha;ahfp tplf; $lhJ vd;gjpy; ftdk; Njit. jtwhd vz;zj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; cq;fsJ ez;ghpd;

chpikfis kWj;njhJf;fp tplhjPHfs;> mtuJ chpikfis kWg;gJ el;GhpikahdJ ghjpf;fg;glf; fhuzkhfp

tpLk;. mlf;FKiw Ntz;lhk;> mlf;FKiwahsd; jd;Dila kuzf;Fopia jhNd Njhz;bf; nfhs;fpd;whd;.

tho;thjhuk;

vd;dUik kfNd..! tho;thjhuk; vd;gJ ,Utifg;gLk;> xd;W ePq;fs; NjLtJ> ,d;ndhd;W cq;fisj;

NjLtJ. mjd;gb> ePq;fs; tho;thjhuj;ijj; Njlh tpbDk; mJ cq;fisj; Njb tUk;. mJ ,e;j cyfj;jpy;

cq;fSf;fhd gq;F vt;thW ,Uf;f Ntz;Lnkdpy;> mJ kWikapy; cq;fSf;fhff; fhj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;f

Ntz;Lk;. cq;fSf;F vJ fpilf;fg; ngwtpy;iyNah mjw;fhf ePq;fs; ftiyg;gLtPHfs; vd;why;> cq;fSf;F

vJ vJnty;yhk; fpilf;ftpy;iyNah> mit midj;jpw;FNk ftiyg;gLgtHfshf Mfp tpLtPHfs;.

Gj;jpkjpfspdhy; ve;jtpj khw;wj;ijAk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;shjtHfisg; Nghy ePq;fSk; Mfp tpl Ntz;lhk;>

Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fisf; Nfl;lhy; nfhjpj;njOgtHfisg; NghyTk; Mfp tpl Ntz;lhk;. fz;zpakpf;f kdpjd;

mwpTiuahdJ vq;fpUe;J fpilf;fg;ngwpDk;> jd;id tpl mw;gHfsplkpUe;J mJ te;jhYk; mjidg; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;thd;.

mikjpAk; ,iwek;gpf;ifAk;

MirfisAk;> re;Njfq;fisAk; mikjpiaf; nfhz;Lk;> ,iwek;gpf;if nfhz;Lk; nty;Yq;fs;. vtndhUtd;

eLepiyiaf; iff;nfhs;stpy;iyNah mtd; mope;jhd;. xU ez;gH cwtpdd; Nghyhthd;. cz;ikahd ez;gd;

vg;gb ,Ug;ghndd;why;> ePq;fs; ,y;yhj epiyapYk; cq;fsJ eyd;fisg; ghJfhg;gtdhf ,Ug;ghd;. xU Gjpa

kdpjd; vd;gtd;> mtid Kd;gpd; ahUk; mwpa khl;lhHfs; vd;gjhy; mtDf;F ahUk; ez;gdhf khl;lhHfs;.

Gj;jpkjp

ahH NeHtopiaj; jtw tpl;L tpl;lhHfNsh mtHfs; jq;fsJ topia ,Uspy; mikj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ahH

jd;Dila tUkhdj;jpw;Fj; jFe;j tho;f;ifia thOfpd;whNuh mtuJ fz;zpaKk; ghJfhg;ghdJ. cWjpahd

cwT vJntd;why;> mJ kdpjd; ,iwtDld; itj;jpUf;fpd;w cwthfj;jhd; ,Uf;Fk;. vjpHg;ghHg;Gfs;

epiwNtwh tpbd;> ek;gpf;ifaPdNk tho;f;ifahfp tpLk;. xt;nthU jtWk; ftdpf;fg;glhJ tplg;gl khl;lhJ.

vg;nghOJNk re;jHg;gk; ekJ fjitj; jl;bf; nfhz;bUf;fhJ. rpyNtisfspy; ey;y fz;ghHit cs;std;

jLkhwpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ> FUld; ve;jtpj jl;Lj;jLkhwYk; ,y;yhky; jdJ topapy; Ngha;f;

nfhz;bUg;ghd;. ahH ,e;j cyfj;ij Kw;W KOjhf ek;gpdhNdh> mJ mtid Vkhw;wp tpl;lJ. Ml;rpahsHfspy;

khw;wk; tUk; nghOJ> NeuKk; khWk;. gazj;ij Muk;gpf;F Kd;ghf cd;Dila Njhod; ahH vd;gijj;

Page 218: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

jPHkhdpj;Jf; nfhs;. xU tPl;by; FbNaWtjw;F Kd;ghf> cd;Dila mz;il tPl;lhd; ahH> vg;gbg;gl;ltd;

vd;gij mwpe;J nfhs;. cdJ Ngr;rpy; ftdk; Njit> ahiuAk; cdJ thHj;ijfspdhy; Gz;gLj;jp tplhNj.

ngz;fsplk; MNyhrid Nfl;fhNj. mtHfsJ Gj;jpf;$Hik FiwthdNj> ,d;Dk; jPHT fhz;gjpy; gyk;

Fd;wpatHfshf ,Uf;fpd;whHfs;. mtHfis jdpikapy; itAq;fs;. Ntw;W egH ahUk; mtHfSld; njhlHG

nfhs;s mDkjpj;J tplhjPHfs;. ghpe;Jiu nra;tjw;F mtHfis cw;rhfg;gLj;jhjPHfs;. cq;fsJ gzpahl;fis

ey;yKiwapy; elj;Jq;fs;. xt;nthU gzpahsDf;Fk; mtUf;Nf chpa Ntiy xJf;fpf; nfhLq;fs;> mjd; %yk;

xt;nthU gzpahsDk; mtutH Ntiyia mwpe;J gzpahw;w KbAk;. cq;fsJ cwTfis kjpj;J elq;fs;.

mJNt cq;fSf;F gyj;ijj; juf; $bajhFk;.

KbTiu

vd;dUik kfNd..! cq;fsJ ,k;ik kw;Wk; kWik tho;f;ifia my;yh`;tplNk xg;gilf;fpd;Nwd;> ,d;Dk;

,e;j cyf tho;f;ifapd; eyDf;fhfTk;> kWikapd; eyDf;fhfTk; gpuhHj;jpf;fpd;Nwd;.

jPHg;ghak;

eLtHfspd; mkHT

myp (uyp) mtHfSf;Fk; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;Fk; ,ilNa eilngw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,e;jg; gpur;idiaj;

jPHj;J itg;gjw;fhf> eLtHfshd mG+ %]h m\;mhP (uyp) mtHfSk;> mk;H ,g;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfSk;

jkhJy; [d;jy; vd;w ,lj;jpy;> mjhtJ lkh];f]; kw;Wk; $/ghtpw;F ,ilg;gl;l gFjpapy; xd;W $bdhHfs;.

,J [dthp khjk; 658 k; Mz;L ele;jJ. ,e;j eLtHfspd; fye;jhNyhridf;Fr; rhl;rpakhf ,U

gf;fq;fspypUe;Jk; 400 NgH nfhz;l ghJfhg;Gg; gilAk; cld; mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;lJ. $/ghtpd; ghJfhg;Gg;

gilf;F mg;Jy;yh gpd; mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfSk;> ,d;Dk; Riu`; gpd; khdp (uyp) mtHfSk; jiyik

jhq;fpdhHfs;. myp (uyp) kw;Wk; KMtpah(uyp) mtHfSf;Fk; ,ilNa eilngWk; ,e;jg; gpur;idapy;

eLepiyahd Nghf;iff; nfhz;l kf;fh kw;Wk; kjPdhitr; NrHe;jtHfisAk; jkhJy; [d;jy; f;F tUkhWk;>

jq;fsJ fye;jhNyhridapy; te;J fye;J nfhs;SkhWk; eLtHfs; miog;G tpLj;jhHfs;. ,e;j miog;gpid

Vw;W te;jtHfspy; Kf;fpakhdtHfs;> mg;Jy;yh gpd; ckH (uyp)> mg;Jy;yh gpd; [{igH (uyp)> KfPuh gpd; Rg;gh

(uyp) kw;Wk; mg;JH u`;khd; gpd; `hhpj; (uyp) MfpNahHfshthHfs;.

]mj; gpd; mgp tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; jkhJy; [d;jy; f;Fr; nry;tjw;F mtuJ kfd; Kd;Dhpik toq;fpAk;>

mtH mjid Vw;Wf; nfhs;s kWj;jNjhL> ,e;j tptfhuj;jpy; jiyapLtjw;F jdf;F MHtkpy;iy vd;W $wp

tpl;lhH.

eLtHfspd; tprhuiz Muk;gk;

jPHkhdpf;fg;gl;lnjhU ehspy; ,U jug;gpYk; ghJfhg;Gg; gzpf;Fk;> rhl;rpaj;jpw;fhfTk; epakpf;fg;gl;l kf;fspd;

Kd;ghf eLtHfs; tprhuizf;F mkHe;jhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ Kiwia Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; Fw;wkw;wtH> ,d;Dk; mtiug; gLnfhiy nra;jJ nfhLikahd Fw;wky;yth

vd;whHfs;.

mjid mNkhjpf;Fk; Kfkhf Mk;..! vd;W mjw;F gjpyspj;jhHfs;> mG+ %]h m\;mhp (uyp) mtHfs;.

,e;j epiyapy; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfsJ gLnfhiyf;F KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; 'f]];" ,uj;j ,og;gPL

NfhUtJ vd;gJ KiwahdJ jhNd..!

jpUkiwf; FHMdpdJ mbg;gilapy; 'f]];" - mjw;Fj; jPHT fhzg;gLk;.

kPz;Lk; njhlHe;j mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfs;> ehq;fs; myp (uyp) mtHfs; fyp/ghthf ePbg;gij

vjpHf;fpd;Nwhk;> vndd;why; mtH cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfsJ gLnfhiyapy; rk;ge;jg;gl;bUf;fpd;whH.

ePq;fs; $Wk; ,e;jf; Fw;wr;rhl;L jtwhdJ> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyapy; mtH

rk;ge;jg;gl;bUf;fpd;whH vd;gjw;fhd ve;j MjhuKk; epWtg;gltpy;iy.

Page 219: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyf;Fg; gfukhf f]]; - ,uj;j ,og;gPl;Lf;fhd gopthq;fg;gLtjw;fhf> mjpy;

rk;ge;jgl;ltHfis mthpd; cwtpdHfs; xg;gilf;ff; Nfhhpa NghJ> mjid mtH epiwNtw;wtpy;iy. ,JNt

mtH kiwKfkhf> mt;thwpy;iy vdpy; NeubahfNt rk;ge;jg;gl;bUf;fpd;whH vd;W Vd; fUjf; $lhJ.

Kjypy; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F thf;Fg;gpukhzk; nra;al;Lk;> mjd; gpd; mthplk;

'f]];"f;fhd Nfhhpf;ifia itf;fl;Lk;.

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfsJ gLnfhiyapy; rk;ge;jg;gl;ltHfs; myp (uyp) mtHfSld; $l;L itj;jpUf;fpd;whHfs;>

'f]];"f;fhd rhpahd epahak; mthplk; ,Ue;J fpilf;Fk; vd;gij cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; topj;Njhd;wy;fs;

vjpHghHf;ftpy;iy. mtHkPJ vq;fSf;F ek;gpf;ifapy;iy. ,e;j mbg;gilapy;> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfisj; jhd;

fyp/ghthf Mf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W ghpe;Jiuf;fpd;Nwd; vd;W $wp Kbj;jhH> mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfs;.

fyp/gh - Ml;rpahsH vd;w mbg;gilapy; myp (uyp) mtHfis tpl KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; Kd;Dhpik Nfhu

KbahJ. Muk;g fhyj;jpy; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;ltHfspy; Kjd;ikahdtHfspy; xUtuhf mtH

,Uf;fpd;whH. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F kpfTk; neUf;fkhf ,Ue;jtH. mtuJ tajpdhpy; mtH ed;F

fw;wwpe;jtH. ,];yhj;jpw;fhf mtH nra;j Nritfis ehkwpNthk;.

fy;tp mwptpYk;> ,iwar;rj;jpYk; kw;wtHfisf; fhl;bYk; myp (uyp) mtHfs; rpwe;jtH vd;why;> murpay; kw;Wk;

epHthfj;jpy; myp (uyp) mtHfis tpl KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; jpwik tha;e;jtuhf ,Uf;fpd;whNu vd;whH

mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfs;. ,d;Dk; fyp/gh vd;gtH ehl;bd; epHthfj; jiytH> epHthfkhdJ ,e;j cyf

tho;tpNdhL njhlHGilaJ> ,e;j tifapy; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfNs rpwe;j epHthfpahf ,Uf;fpd;whH.

,];yhj;ijg; nghWj;jkl;by;> ,];yhj;jpw;Ff; nfhLf;ff; $ba Kd;Dhpikiaf; fhl;bYk; cyf tho;f;iff;F

Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;fg;gl KbahJ> ,e;j tifapy; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfisf; fhl;bYk; Ml;rpj; jiytH

gjtpf;F myp (uyp) rpwe;jtuhf ,Uf;fpd;whH vd;whH mG+ %]h m\;mhp (uyp) mtHfs;.

,g;nghOJ mbg;gilahd gpur;idNa 'f]];" ,uj;j ,og;gPLf;fhdJ jhd;> mtH NeubahfNth my;yJ

kiwKfkhfNth myp (uyp) mtHfspd; gpur;idapy; jiyapl;bUg;gjd; fhuzkhf mtHkPJ vq;fSf;F ek;gpf;if

,y;iy. ,e;j epiyapy; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfis fyp/gh gjtpf;Fj; NjHT nra;a ,ayhJ vd;W te;J tpl;l

nghOJ> ,dp ,UtUk; my;yhj eLepiyg; Nghf;Ff; nfhz;l xUtiu fyp/ghthfj; NjHT nra;tJ xd;W jhd;

ek; Kd; ,Uf;fpd;w NjHthFk; vd;W $wpdhH mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfs;.

,jid mG+ %]h m\;mhp (uyp) mtHfs; mNkhjpj;jhHfs;> ,d;Dk; ckH (uyp) mtHfsJ fhyj;jpy; K];ypk;fs;

ve;jsT ngaUk; GfNohLk; ,Ue;jhHfs; vd;gij epidTf;Ff; nfhz;L te;jhHfs;. ckH (uyp) mtHfisg;

Nghd;wnjhU fyp/gh tu Ntz;Lk; vd;W tpUk;gpdhH. ,jd; tpisthf eLtHfs; mg;Jy;yh gpd; ckH (uyp)

mtHfisf; fyp/ghthf epakpf;f tpUk;gpdH> Mdhy; jkhJy; [d;jy; y; ,Ue;j mg;Jy;yh ,g;D ckH (uyp)

mtHfisj; njhHG nfhz;L mtuJ rk;kjj;ijf; Nfl;l nghOJ> mtH jd;dhy; ,ayhJ vd;W $wp tpl;lhH.

]mj; ,g;D mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; mjw;fLj;j NjHthff; nfhs;sg;gl;lhH. Mdhy; mtNuh vd;idj; NjHT

nra;a Ntz;lhk; vd;W Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhH. gpd;dH mg;Jy;yh gpd; [{igH (uyp) mtHfsJ ngaH mbgl;lJ>

Mdhy; mtH xl;lfg; Nghhpy; fye;J nfhz;bUe;j fhuzj;jhy;> mtuJ Ml;rp eLepiyahf ,Uf;fhJ vd;W

mtuJ ngaiuj; js;Sgb nra;J tpl;;ldH.

mj;Jld; ,e;jg; gpur;idapy; Kl;Lf;fl;il Muk;gkhdJ> ,U eLtHfSk; xU jPHTf;F tu KbahJ NghdJ.

Mdhy; rpy KbTfis vLj;jhf Ntz;ba Njitapy; mtHfs; ,Ue;jhHfs;.

myp (uyp) mtHfis ehq;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhs;s ,ayhJ> cq;fshy; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfis Vw;Wf; nfhs;s

,ayhJ> ,d;Dk; eLepiyahdnjhU jPHg;Gf;Fk; ,g;nghOJ tu ,ayhj epiyapy; ehk; ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;> ,e;j

epiyapy; cq;fsJ fUj;J vd;dthf ,Uf;Fk; vd;gij ehd; mwpa Ntz;Lk; vd;whH mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp)

mtHfs;.

vd;idg; nghWj;jtiuapy;> ,UtiuAk; xJf;fp itj;J tpl;L> nghJkf;fNs jq;fsJ tptfhuj;ijj; jhq;fNs

jPHj;Jf; nfhs;s tpl;L tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj vd;Dila kpfr; rpwe;j Kbthf ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;W mG+ %]h

m\;mhP (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;.

mg;gbnad;why;> me;j mwptpg;ig ePq;fNs nra;J tpLq;fs; vd;W $wpdhH mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfs;.

mwptpg;G

Page 220: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

mjd; gpd;dH mG+ %]h m\;mhp (uyp) mtHfs; mwptpg;ig ntspapLtjw;fhf vOe;jhHfs;. mwptpg;ig ntspapLtjpy;

Kjy; eguhf ePq;fs; ,Uf;f Ntz;lhk; vd;W mg;Jy;yh gpd; mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfs; mG+ %]h m\;mhp (uyp)

mtHfisf; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhH. mjidf; fhjpy; Nghl;Lf; nfhs;shj epiyapy;> mtUk;> mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp)

mtHfSk; ,ize;J vLj;jpUf;Fk; Kbtpd;gb> myp (uyp) kw;Wk; KMtpah (uyp) Mfpa ,UtUk; fyp/ghg;

nghWg;gpw;fhd NjHtpypUe;J ePf;fg;gLfpd;whHfs;> nghJkf;fs; jq;fSf;Fg; gpbj;jkhd xUtiu fyP/ghthfj;

NjHT nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs; vd;w mwptpg;ig ntspapl;L tpl;;lhH. mtuJ mwptpg;gpd;gbg; ghHj;jhy;> mtH

jd;Dila jug;G thjpahd myp (uyp) mtHfisj; NjHT nra;tjdpd;Wk; mtiu ePf;fk; nra;J tpl;lhH vd;Nw

fUj Ntz;b cs;sJ.

mtuJ mwptpg;ig mLj;J> Nkilf;F te;j mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp)mtHfs;> eLtH jPHg;ghak; mikf;fg;gl;ljd;

mbg;gilapy;> myp (uyp) kw;Wk; KMtpah (uyp) ,Uthpy; ahiu Ml;rpahsuhf epakpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gijj;

jPHkhdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. rw;W Kd; cq;fsplk; mwptpg;Gr; nra;jpUf;Fk; myp (uyp) mtHfspd; jug;G eLtH> jdJ

thjpahd myp (uyp) mtHfis gjtpapypUe;J ePf;fp tpl;ljhf mwptpg;Gr; nra;jpUf;fpd;whH. myp (uyp) mtHfis

ePf;fk; nra;J tpl;l gpd; vQ;rpapUg;gtH KMtpah (uyp) kl;LNk> mjd;gb Ml;rpg; nghWg;G KMtpah (uyp)

mtHfSf;Nf vd;whfp tpl;lJ vd;W mwptpj;jhH.

,uz;L eLtHfSf;Fs;Sk; vd;d KbT vLf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ vd;gJ gw;wp fUj;JNtWghLfs; epyTfpd;wd.

ekf;Ff; fpilj;jpUf;Fk; Mjhuq;fspd;gb> myp (uyp) kw;Wk; KMtpah(uyp) Mfpa ,UtiuAk; gjtpapypUe;J ePf;fp

tpl eLtHfs; ,UtUk; jq;fSf;Fs; xg;Gf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs;. Mdhy; ele;jJ vd;dNth>

jPHkhdpf;fg;gl;lnjhU jPHg;ig ntspaplhky; mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfs; jd;dpr;irahf ele;J nfhz;L> mG+

%]h m\;mhp (uyp) mtHfis Vkhw;wp tpl;lhHfs;.

vd;djhd; ele;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ gw;wp njspthd jfty;fs; ,y;iy. ,UtUNk myp (uyp) mtHfisAk;>

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfisAk; gjtp ePf;fk; nra;tjhf xg;Gf; nfhz;bUg;ghHfNsahdhy;> mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp)

mtHfs; me;j KbTf;F khw;wkhfr; nrd;W khw;wkhf mwptpg;G ntspapl;l nghOJ> mG+ %]h (uyp) mtHfs;

clNd Nkilf;Fr; nrd;W mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfs; mwptpj;jJ jtW vd;W me;j NkilapNyNa mwptpg;Gr;

nra;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;> mtuJ KbT nry;YgbahfhJ vd;Wk; mwptpj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

mG+ %]h (uyp) mtHfs;> nghJkf;fs; jq;fsJ Ml;rpahsiuj; jhq;fNs NjHT nra;J nfhs;sl;Lk; vd;W

Kbtpid vLj;jTld;> mjidg; gw;wp ghprPypf;fhJ mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfs; clNd mjid nghJkf;fs;

Kd;dpiyapy; mwptpf;Fk;gb mG+ %]h (uyp) mtHfisf; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;s> mt;thW mwptpg;G ntspapl;lhy; vd;d

tpisTfs; cz;lhFk; vd;gJ gw;wp ve;jtpj MNyhridAk; elj;jhky; clNd vOe;J mG+ %]h (uyp) mtHfs;

mwptpg;igAk; ntspapl;L tpl;lhHfs;.

xd;W kl;Lk; epjHrdkhd xd;W> mjhtJ myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F thf;Fg; gpukhzk; nra;jpUf;fpd;w

fhuzj;jpdhy; $/ghtpd; ftHduhf ,Ue;j mG+ %]h (uyp) mtHfs;> myp (uyp) kw;Wk; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfsJ

tptfhuj;jpy; eLepiyNahL ele;J nfhs;SkhW Nfl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jhH. ,d;Dk; mtUk; $l rl;lg;gbAk;>

jhHkPf mbg;gilapYk; myp (uyp) mtHfSf;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;L elf;ff; $batuhf ,Ue;jhH. ,e;j epiyapy; myp

(uyp) mtHfs; ,tiuf; ftHdH gjtpapypUe;J ePf;fp tpllhHfs;. ,e;j epiyapy; mG+%]h (uyp) mtHfis jdJ

eLtuhf tw;GWj;jypd; mbg;gilapy; jhd; myp (uyp) mtHfs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,e;j epiyapy;> mG+ %]h

(uyp) mtHfs; kPJ KOikahd ek;gpf;if ,y;yhj epiyapy; jhd; mtiu myp (uyp) mtHfs; eLtuhf Vw;Wf;

nfhz;lhHfs;. ,Ug;gpDk;> ,iwar;rkpf;fnjhU egpj;NjhoH vd;w mbg;gilapy; FHMdpd; topfhl;Ljypd;

mbg;gilapy; mtH eLepiyNahLk;> ePjkhfTk; elg;ghH vd;w vjpHghHg;G myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F ,Ue;jJ. kpfTk;

eLepiyNahL ehk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W mtH vLj;Jf; nfhz;l rpuj;ijapd; mbg;gilapy; jhd;> mypAk;

Ntz;lhk;> KMtpahTk; Ntz;lhk; vd;w KbTf;F te;J> nghJkf;fspd; jPHg;Gf;F mjid tpl;L tpl KbT

nra;jhH. ,U eLtHfSk; ,e;j Kbtpid vLg;gjw;fhf xd;W $ltpy;iy> khwhf myp kw;Wk; KMtpah Mfpa

,Uthpy; ahiu Ml;rpj; jiytuhf epakpg;gJ vd;w Kbtpid vLg;gjw;fhfNt xd;W $bdhHfs;> NgrpdhHfs;.

vg;nghOJ mG+ %]h (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ ,Wjp KbTf;F te;jhNuh> Js;spf;Fjpj;J vOe;j mk;Ug;Dy; M];

(uyp) mtHfs; clNd me;j Kbit mwptpf;Fk;gb mtiuf; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhH. cz;ikapy;> ,UtUf;FkpilNa

ve;j xg;ge;jKk; Vw;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy. mG+ %]h (uyp) mtHfspd; mwptpg;gpdhy; vd;d tpisAk; vd;gij mtH

mwpe;J itj;jpUejhH> vdNt mG+ %]h (uyp) mtHfNs me;j mwptpg;ig ntspapll;Lk; vd;W tpUk;gpdhH.

Page 221: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfs; eLepiyNahL ele;jpUe;jhy;> mtH mG+ %]h (uyp) mtHfSld; ,ize;J vLj;j

Kbit kPwp ,Uf;f khl;lhHfs;. myp (uyp) mtHfsJ eLthpd; gytPdj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L tpl;;lhH.

myp(uyp) mtHfspd; tho;f;if KJfpy; Fj;Jk; Vkhw;wq;fs; epiwe;j Ntjid kpf;f tuyhwhfNt ,Ue;jJ.

Vw;fdNt Vkhw;wj;jpw;Fs;shf;fg;gl;l epiyapy;> kPz;Lk; njhluhf mtH ,d;ndhU Vkhw;wj;ijNa re;jpf;f

Ntz;bapUe;jJ.

mG+ %]h (uyp) mtHfSf;F myp (uyp) vOjpa fbjk;

jPHg;ghag; gzpfs; Kbtile;jJld;> myp (uyp) mtHfis NeUf;F NeH re;jpf;fNt mG+ %]h (uyp) mtHfSf;F

ijhpak; ,y;iy. vdNt> mtH kf;fhtpw;Fr; nrd;W tpl;lhH. mq;fpUe;jgb jd;id kd;dpf;Fk;gb myp (uyp)

mtHfSf;F mG+ %]h (uyp) mtHfs; fbjk; xd;iw vOjp mDg;gpdhH. mjw;F myp (uyp) mtHfspd; gjpy;

tUkhW :

gyH kWikapy; jq;fSf;Ff; fpilf;ff; $ba ed;ikfisg; ghobj;J tpl;lhHfs;. ,e;j cyf tho;f;ifapd;

Mrhghrq;fspy; mtHfs; tPo;e;J tpl;lhHfs;> Ml;rpg; gjtpapy; ehd; xU gpur;idg; nghUshf Mf;fg;gl;L tpl;Nld;.

epr;rakhf> K];ypk;fs; xw;Wikahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij vd;idf; fhl;bYk; ,d;ndhUtH tpUk;gp ,Uf;f

KbahJ> K];ypk;fs; xw;Wikahf ,Ug;gjd; %ykhf> mjw;fhf jd;dykw;W ehd; nra;Ak; Nritf;F ,iwtd;

vdf;F msg;ghpa ed;ikfis toq;Fthd; vd;gjpy; mirf;f Kbahj ek;gpf;if itj;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;. mG+

%]hNt..> ePq;fs; rj;jpaj;jpw;F vjpuhfj; jpUk;gp tpl;BHfs;> vd;idf; iftpl;L tpl;BHfs;. epr;rakhf>

cq;fisf; fhl;bYk; JujpU\;lrhyp NtW ahUk; fpilahJ> Vndd;why; NeHtopapy; elf;f ,ayhJ> cq;fsJ

mwpT cq;fis Vkhw;wp tpl;lJ.

e`;uthd; Aj;jk;

eLtHfspd; jPHg;Gk;> myp (uyp) tpag;Gk;

eLtHfspd; jPHg;gpd; tpguk; myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F kpfTk; fLikahd mjpHr;rpiaj; je;jJ. eLtHfspd;

jPHg;ghdJ FHMd; kw;Wk; Rd;dhtpd; mbg;gilapy; ,Uf;Fnkd;W vjpHghHj;jjw;F khwhf> mtHfspd; toq;fpa

jPHg;G ePjp kw;Wk; epahaj;jpw;F mg;ghw;gl;ljhf ,Ue;jJ. NkYk;> md;iwa mwpahikf;fhyj; jPHg;gpid xj;jjhfNt

mJ ,Ue;jJ. myp (uyp) mtHfSk;> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSk; cwtpdHfs; vd;w mbg;gilapy; kw;Wk;

,UtUila jFjpapd; mbg;gilapdhyhtJ mtHfs; jq;fsJ jPHg;gpid toq;fpapUf;f Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy;> ,jpy;

vjpYk; Nruhj tifapy; jhd; mtHfsJ jPHg;G ,Ue;jJ. mG+ %]h (uyp) mtHfis $/ghtpd; ftHdH

gjtpapypUe;J ePf;fpajd; fhuzkhfNth vd;dNth> myp (uyp) mtHfspd; rhHghfr; nrd;w mtNu myp (uyp)

mtHfSf;F vjpuhfr; nray;gl;L tpl;lhH. myp (uyp) mtHfNsh mq;fPfhukpf;fnjhU rigapd; %ykhf Ml;rpj;

jiytuhfj; NjHT nra;ag;gl;bUf;Fk; nghOJ> mtiu gjtpePf;fk; nra;Ak; jFjp mG+ %]h (uyp) mtHfSf;Ff;

fpilahJ. ,jpy; mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfs; kpfTk; Gj;jprhJHakhf Kiwapy; nray;gl;L> mG+ %]h (uyp)

mtHfspd; gytPdj;ij jdf;Fr; rhHghfg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L tpl;lhH> %Mtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;F ntw;wpia

<l;bj; je;J tpl;lhH. vdNt> eLtHfspd; Kd;dpiyapy; ,Ue;j tof;fpd; Nghf;fhdJ myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F

kpfTk; Vkhw;wj;ijNa je;jJ. mtHfSf;F mJ epahaj;ijg; ngw;Wj; jutpy;iy. eLtHfspd; jPHg;Gf;F ,U

rhuhUk; fl;Lg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ xg;Gf; nfhs;sg;gl;L tpl;l \uj;jhfTk; Mfp tpl;lJ. vdNt> ,UrhuhUk;

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(uyp) mtHfs; js;sg;gl;L tpl;lhHfs;. myp (uyp) mtHfs; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l Ml;rpg; gjtpia jd; kPJ ,iwtd;

Rkj;jpa nghWg;ghf mjidg; ghHj;jhHfs;> vdNt me;j nghWg;gpid epiwthf epiwNtw;wpahf Ntz;Lk;> FWf;F

topapy; Ml;rpiag; gpbg;gtHfSf;F ,lk; je;J tplf; $lhJ> mt;thW ,lk; jUtJ ,iwtd; jdf;F toq;fpa

nghWg;gpid cjhrpdk; nra;J tpl;ljhf Mfp tpLk; vdf; fUjpa myp (uyp) mtHfs;> ,dp KMtpah (uyp)

mtHfSf;F vjpuhf mtHfs; nra;j FWf;F topfSf;F vjpuhf NghH nra;jhf Ntz;Lk; vd;w KbTf;F

te;jhHfs;. vdNt> mrj;jpaj;ij xopj;Jf; fl;Ljtw;fhf rj;jpak; jdJ gyj;ij jpul;bl Ntz;Lk; vd;W

miw$ty; tpl;;lhHfs;> mtHfsJ miog;gpid Vw;Wf; nfhz;L ntF rPf;fpuNk 65>000 gilapdH jpuz;L

tpl;lhHfs;.

Page 222: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

fhhp[pa;ahf;fs;

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,jd; fhuzkhfNt jq;fsJ nfhs;iff;F xj;J tuhj kf;fSld; ,ize;J tho;tijNa ntWj;J mtHfs;

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xUtuhd fg;ghg; (uyp) mtHfspd; kfd; mg;Jy;yh mtHfisAk;> mtHfNshL nrd;W nfhz;bUe;j K];ypk;fs;

rpyiuAk; mtHfs; topapy; re;jpj;j nghOJ> mtHfisf; nfhd;wNjhL> mtHfSld; nrd;W nfhz;bUe;j ngz;

kf;fisAk; nfhd;W Nghl;lhHfs;.

myp (uyp) mtHfs; rphpahTf;F gil elj;jpr; nry;tjw;F Kd;gjhf> fhhp[pahf;fSf;F jfty; mDg;gp

itj;jNjhL> jd;NdhL ,ize;J rphpahTf;F tUkhW miog;G tpLj;jhH. ,d;Dk; eLtHfspd; jPHg;G ,];yhkpa

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,g;nghOJ NtW tpjkhdnjhU gjpiyj; je;jhHfs;.

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vd;W $wp tpl;lhHfs;.

Page 223: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

,J xU Njitaw;w tpthjk;> ,J fhhp[pa;ahf;fSf;Fg; gof;fg;gl;lnjhU gz;G vd;gij myp (uyp) mtHfs;

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nry;y Ntz;baJ jhd; vd;w KbTf;F myp (uyp) mtHfs; te;J tpl;lhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F

,d;ndhU gpur;id Kisj;jJ.

myp (uyp) mtHfSld; rphpahTf;F tuj; jahuhd kf;fs; xU gpur;idia myp (uyp) mtHfs; Kd;gjhff; nfhz;L

te;jhHfs;..>

myp (uyp) mtHfNs..! fhhp[pa;ahf;fs; ek;Kld; rphpahTf;F ,ize;J tutpy;iy vd;W nrhd;dhy;> ,tHfshy;

vkJ FLk;gq;fSf;F Mgj;J Vw;gLk; tha;g;G mjpfk; cs;sJ. ,tHfis ek;g ,ayhJ> ,tHfs; vq;fsJ

FLk;gq;fis mr;RWj;JthHfs;> ,d;Dk; nfhiyAk; $lr; nra;thHfs; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

jdJ NjhoHfspd; Nfhhpf;ifia Vw;Wf; nfhz;l myp (uyp) mtHfs;> rhp..> rphpahtpw;F gil elj;jpr; nry;tjw;F

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myp (uyp) mtHfs;> rphpahtpw;Fg; gjpyhf e`Hthid Nehf;fp jd;Dila giliaj; jpUg;gpdhHfs;.

e`Hthd; Aj;jk;

,g;nghOJ myp (uyp) mtHfs; e`Hthid Nehf;fp jdJ gilfis efHj;jpdhHfs;. e`Hthid mile;jJk;>

xU nfhbia el;L ,q;F ahH ahH tUfpd;wPHfNsh mtHfsJ capHfSf;F ghJfhg;G toq;fg;gLk; vd;W

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FLk;gj;jpdH ,d;Dk; Vida K];ypk;fisf; nfhd;wtHfis jd;dplk; xg;gilf;FkhW nra;jp mDg;gp

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(uyp) mtHfs; kw;Wk; mtHfsJ gilf;F vjpuhf NghH nra;tJ vd;w KbTf;Fk; te;J tpl;lhHfs;.

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K];ypk;fspd; vz;zpf;ifNahL> ,e;j fhhp[pa;ahf;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia xg;gpl;lhy; kiyf;Fk; kLTf;Fk; cs;s

tpj;jpahrkhf ,Ue;jJ. myp (uyp) mtHfSld; 50 Mapuk; tPuHfs; te;jpUe;jhHfs;> fhhp[pa;ahf;fspd; gf;fNkh

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gpiof;f jg;gpj;J Xb tpl;lhHfs;.

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mtHfspd; kdijNa khw;wpaikj;J tpl;lJ> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhd ,d;ndhU Nghiug; gw;wpAk;>

mjd; tpisTfs; gw;wpAk; mjpfk; Nahrpf;f itj;jJ.

myp (uyp) mtHfs; e`Hthd; Aj;jj;jpy; ngw;w ntw;wpapd; %yk; jdJ NjhoHfs; cw;rhfk; mile;J> rphpahtpd;

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jiyik cj;juT ,Ltij tpLj;J> ,g;nghOJ gilapdH jiyikf;F cj;jutpl Muk;gpj;J tpl;lhHfs;.

Page 224: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

rpg;gPd; Aj;jj;jpy; ntw;wpf; fdp iffSf;F kpf mUfpy; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ> NghH epWj;jj;jpw;F

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nfhz;L> me;jg; gilia vfpg;jpid Nehf;fpj; jpUg;gpdhHfs;.

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Nehf;fpf; $t Muk;gpj;jJ.

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ifeOtpg; Nghd vfpg;J

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mtiu myp (uyp) mtHfspd; MjuthsuhfTk; Mf;fpaJ vdyhk;. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhff; fytuk;

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mtHfs; me;j miwia tpl;Lk; ntspNawp tpl;lhHfs;. ,d;Dk; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;l

nghOJ mtH kjPdhtpy; ,Uf;ftpy;iy vd;gJk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; vLg;ghd Njhw;wkpf;f ,isQuhf ,Ue;jhHfs;. mtH vfpg;jpd; ftHduhf

epakpf;fg;gl;l nghOJ mtUf;F> 22 taNj Mfp ,Ue;jJ. cz;ikapy; mtH cJkhd;(uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhff;

fsk; ,wq;fpajhy;> ,aw;ifapNyNa vfpg;J kf;fspilNa gpugykhdtuhdhH. K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH (uyp)

mtHfisr; Rw;wp Rw;wp tisa te;j midtUf;Fk; mtH jhuhsg; Nghf;Fld; ele;J nfhz;lhH. vfpg;jpy; ,uz;L

tpjkhd FOf;fs; ,aq;fp te;jd. xd;W cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSf;Fr; rhHghd MjuTf; FO. ,e;jf; FO

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; mg;ghtp..> mtiug; gLnfhiy nra;jjd; %yk; mtuJ vjphpfs; fLikahdnjhU

Fw;wj;ij ,ioj;J tpl;lhHfs; vd;W ,tHfs; fUjpdhHfs;. ,e;jf;FOTf;F KMtpah gpd; `{j[; m]; ]Fdp

vd;gtUk;> K]ykh gpd; Kfy;yj; vd;gtUk; jiyik jhq;fpdhHfs;. ,tHfs; njw;F vfpg;jpy; kpFjpahf

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,Ue;jhHfs;. if]; gpd; ]mj; (uyp) mtHfSk; ,tHfis myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F igmj; nra;J nfhs;Sk;gb

typAWj;jTk; ,y;iy. ,tHfsplk; if]; (uyp) mtHfs; nra;J nfhz;lnjhU cld;gbf;ifapd; mbg;gilapy;>

,e;jf; FO eLepiy tfpg;gJ vd;w Kbthdjd; fhuzkhf> ,tHfs; ve;j epiyapYk; myp (uyp) mtHfsJ

Ml;rpf;F vjpuhf elf;f khl;lhHfs; vd;w epiy cUthfp ,Ue;jJ. ,d;Dk;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfsJ

gLnfhiyf;F tQ;rk; jPHf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W Nfhhp KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; MjuT jpul;b te;j nghOJ> ,tHfs;

ahH gf;fKk; rha;e;J tplhky; eLepiy fhj;jhHfs;> ,jd; fhuzkhfNt if]; (uyp) mtHfs; vfpg;jpd;

ftHduhf ,Ue;j nghOJ ve;jtpjkhd gpur;idAk; Njhd;whky; ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH (uyp)

mtHfs; Ml;rpg; nghWg;ig Vw;Wf; nfhz;bUe;j Neuk;> mtHfs; kpfTk; ,sikahfTk;> mDgtkw;wtuhfTk;

,Ue;jhH. ,d;Dk; vg;nghOJk; ,tiur; Rw;wp cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfsJ gLnfhiyapy; rk;ge;jg;gl;bUe;j

,isQHfs; $l;lk; ,Ue;J nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jJ. ,tHfs; cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSf;F rhHghdtHfis tpl

jhq;fs; typik kpf;ftHfshf ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;W fUjpr; nray;glyhdhHfs;> ,d;Dk; mtHfis myp (uyp)

mtHfSf;F Mjuthf igmj; nra;J nfhs;Sk;gb typAWj;jTk; Muk;gpj;J tpl;lhHfs;. ,d;Dk; xUkhj fhyNk

mtfhrk; mjw;Fs; igmj; vLj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,tHfs; nfLTk; tpjpj;jhHfs;.

K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfNs..> cq;fSf;F Kd; ,Ue;j ftHdhplk; ehq;fs; nra;J nfhz;l

xg;ge;jj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;> eLepiyahf ehq;fs; ,Ue;J nfhz;L tUfpd;Nwhk;. ePq;fs; ,g;nghOJ vLj;J tUk;

eltbf;iffs; ekJ xg;ge;jj;jpw;F vjpuhf my;yth ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;W cJkhd; (uyp) MjuthsHfs; tpdt

Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,e;j xg;ge;jk; ePbf;f top tif nra;Aq;fs;> ,y;iy ePq;fs; vq;fs; kPJ epHg;ge;jj;ij

jpzpg;gPHfs; vd;W nrhd;dhy; ekJ xg;ge;jNk xU gpur;idf;Fhpajhfp tpLk; vd;W $wp tpl;lhHfs;.

Mdhy;> ,jw;nfy;yhk; nrtp kLf;fhj K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtfs;> clNd mtHfs; kPJ gilnaLf;f

Muk;gpj;J tpl;lhHfs;. ,e;j eltbf;ifapy; K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ rhHGg; gil Njhw;Wg;

NghdJld;> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; MjuthsHfs; ,g;nghOJ ntspg;gilahf fytuj;jpy; ,wq;fyhdhHfs;>

mikjpg; gpuhe;jpakhf ,Ue;j me;jg; gFjp ,g;nghOJ mikjpia ,of;f Muk;gpj;J tpl;lJ.

khypf; gpd; m];jH

vfpg;J epiyik Nkhrkhfpf; nfhz;L tUtij myp (uyp) mtHfs; mwpe;J nfhz;lhHfs;. ,e;j Neuj;jpy;

epiyik Kw;wp tplhky; vd;d nra;tJ vd;gijf; fye;jNyhrid nra;tjw;fhf khypf; gpd; m];jH vd;w jdJ

Njhoiu myp (uyp) mtHfs; mioj;jhHfs;. ,e;j khypf; gpd; m];jH vd;gtH rpg;gPd; NghUf;Fg; gpd;

nk]gNlhkpah gFjpf;F ftHduhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhHfs;> ,d;Dk; ,e;j fhyg; gFjpapy; mtH ep];gpd; vd;w ,lj;jpy;

,Ue;jhH.

if]; gpd; ]mj; (uyp) mtHfis gjtp ePf;fk; nra;J ehk; jtwpioj;J tpl;Nlhk; vd;gij ,g;nghOJ myp (uyp)

mtHfs; czu Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. MdhYk; mtiu kWgbAk; vfpg;jpd; ftHduhf epakpf;f tpUk;gtpy;iy. ,e;jf;

Fog;gkhd fhyj;jpy; jdf;F MNyhrid toq;Ftjw;F jdf;F kpf mUfpy; mtH ,Ue;jhf Ntz;Lk; vd;W

fUjpaNj ,jd; fhuzkhFk;. khwhf> ,jw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd egH khypf; gpd; m];jH vd;W jPHkhdpj;jhHfs;.

,d;Dk; gy gilvLg;Gfis Kd;dpd;W elj;jpa mDgtk; ,tUf;F ,Ue;jJ vd;gjhy;> fytuj;ij

mlf;Ftjw;fhd jFjpAk;> jpwikAk; ,thplk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;gij fzpj;Jj; jhd; ,e;j KbTf;F te;jhHfs;.

khypf; gpd; m];jH mtHfis vfpg;jpd; ftHduhf epakpf;f ,Uf;fg;gLtij mwpe;J nfhz;l KMtpah (uyp)

mtHfs; rw;Wf; fsq;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. jdJ jpl;lk; jtpL nghbahtij czu Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. khypf; gpd;

m];jH f;F Vw;fdNt vfpg;jpy; ey;y ngaH ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,d;Dk; mthplk; fytuj;ij mlf;ff; $ba jpwikAk;

,Uf;fpd;wJ. fytuk; mlf;fg;gl;L tpl;lhy;> vfpg;jpid ekJ fl;Lghl;by; nfhz;L tUtJ mt;tsT vspjy;y

vd;W Nahrpf;f Muk;gpj;jhH KMtpah(uyp) mtHfs;.

vdNt> khypf; gpd; m];jH mtHfs; vfpg;jpid milA Kd;Ng mtiuf; nfhd;W tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W jpl;lk;

tFj;jhH KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;. vfpg;jpd; vy;iyia xl;ba efukhd fy;]t;k; d; jiytid mioj;J>

mtUf;F ey;y ntFkjpfis toq;fp> khypf; gpd; m];jH vfpg;jpy; Eiotjw;F Kd;ghf cq;fsJ efuj;jpy;

itj;J mtiuf; nfhd;W tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

khypf; gpd; m];jH k; te;J NrHe;jhH. rphpahTf;Fk;> vfpg;Jf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l me;j efuj;jpd; jiytH mtiu

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vjpHnfhz;L tuNtw;whH. mtiuj; jq;f itj;J ey;y Kiwapy; tpUe;Njhk;gYk; nra;jhH. ,utpy; me;j efuj;jpy;

jq;fTk; Vw;ghlhfpaJ. mtH tpUe;Jz;L Kbe;jTld;> ,Wjpahf tp\k; fye;j Njd; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. mjpy;

tp\k; fyf;fg;gl;bUg;gij mwpahj khypf; gpd; m];jH mjidf; Fbj;J tpl;lhH. rpy kzp Neuq;fspy;

mtH,we;Jk; NghdhH. KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; jpl;lk; fdpa Muk;gpj;jJ.

khypf; gpd; m];jH d; kuzr; nra;jp KMtpah (uyp) mtHfis mile;jJk;> kfpo;r;rpapy; jpisj;jhH. lkh];f];d;

gpujhd gs;spapy; epd;W nfhz;L ,t;thW mwptpf;f Muk;gpj;jhH. ''mypf;F ,uz;L fuq;fs; ,Ue;jd. mk;H gpd;

ah]H vd;w fuj;ij rpg;gPd; Aj;jj;jpd; ntl;b vwpag;gl;lJ. mtuJ ,uz;lhtJ fuk; khypf; gpd; m];jH>

mjidAk; ,g;nghOJ ntl;b vLf;fg;gl;L tpl;lJ"" vd;whH.

khypf; gpd; m];jH d; kuzr; nra;jp myp (uyp) mtHfis mjpHr;rpf;Fs;shf;fpaJ. mtuJ tyJ fukhfj; jpfo;e;j

mtuJ ,wg;Gr; nra;jp> myp (uyp) mtHfis kpfTNk ghjpj;J tpl;lJ. me;jr; nra;jpiaf; Nfl;l fzk; Kjy;>

jhd; Njhy;tpia Nehf;fpj; js;sg;gl;L tpl;lij czHe;J nfhz;lhHfs;. mtuJ MjuthsHfspy; xUtH gpd;

xUtuhf ,oe;J nfhz;bUe;jJ kl;Lky;y> ,og;Gf;F NeHkhwhf mtUf;F vjphpfspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfhpj;Jf;

nfhz;Nl te;jJ> ,d;Dk; mtuJ kuzj;jpw;fhd NeuKk; mjdhy; mz;kpf;f Muk;gpj;jJ.

khypf; gpd; m];jiu vfpg;jpd; ftHduhf epakpf;f KntLj;jjd; fhuzkhf> jd;id myp (uyp) mtHfs;

mtkhdg;gLj;jp tpl;ljhf K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; fUjyhdhHfs;. mtUf;F myp (uyp) mtHfs;

vOjpa fbjj;jpy;> vdJ nrhe;j fhuzq;fis Kd;dpl;L ehd; khypf; gpd; m];jH mtHfis vfpg;jpd; ftHduhf

epakdk; nra;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;> cq;fis ehd; NtW VjhtJ mikjpahf cs;s gpuNjrkhfg; ghHj;J ftHduhfTk;

epakpf;f ehLfpd;Nwd; vd;W vOjp ,Ue;jhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ khypf; gpd; m];jH mtHfspd; kiwTr; nra;jp> K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfisNa Ml;rp

gPlj;jpy; ePbf;f itj;jJ. Kd;G cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; MjuthsHfspd; %ykhf Vw;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;j

cs;ehl;Lf; fytuj;jpw;F kl;LNk Kfk; nfhLj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j vfpg;jpd; Ml;rpahsH K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH>

,g;nghOJ KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; jhf;FjYf;Fk; Kfk; nfhLf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ.

vfpg;jpd; tPo;e;jJ

JkhJy; [d;jy; y; eLtH mspj;j jPHg;gpd; mbg;gilapy;> myp (uyp) mtHfNsh> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfNsh vfpg;J

tptfhuj;jpy; Neubahfj; jiyaplf; $lhJ vd;W KbT nra;ag;gl;bUe;jJ. ,jw;F khwhf> cJkhd; (uyp)

mtHfspd; rhHG mzpapd; jiytuhf ,Ue;j KMtpah gpd; `{ij[; f;F cjtp> K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH f;F

vjpuhd epiyg;ghl;ilj; njhlHe;J tu cjtp GhpayhdhH KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;. JkhJy; [d;jy; y; vLj;J

Kbtpd; gb> myp (uyp) mtHfis Ml;rpg; gjtpapypUe;J ePf;fp tpl;L KMtpah (uyp) mtHfis Ml;rpj; jiytuhf

mG+ %]h my; m\;mhP (uyp) mtHfs; mwptpj;jpUe;jhHfs;. eLtHfspd; ,e;jj; jPHg;Gg;gb ,g;nghOJ KMtpah

(uyp) mtHfs; jhd; Ml;rpj; jiytH> myp (uyp) mtHfs; my;y. ,g;nghOJ myp (uyp) mtHfs; vLf;ff; $ba

ve;j eltbf;ifAk; Kiwahf Ml;rpj; jiytuhf eLtHfshy; mwptpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;F

vjpuhff; fytuk; GhptjhfNt fUjg;gLk;. mk;H ,g;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfspd; tpNtfkhd me;j nra;ifahy;

jhNd KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;F ,e;j me;j];J fpilj;jJ vd;gjhy;> vfpg;jpd; ftHduhf mk;U (uyp)

mtHfis Mf;Ftjw;fhf> vfpg;jpid kPz;Lk; ifg;gw;w mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfisNa epakpj;jhH KMtpah

(uyp) mtHfs;.

,g;nghOJ mk;U (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikapy; vfpg;Jf;Fg; Gwg;gl gilfs; jahuhfp tpl;ld. mg;nghO> ''X..

mk;H..! ePq;fs; vfpg;jpid Kjd; Kjyhf ifg;gw;wpatH> ,g;nghOJ kPz;L mq;F nrd;W kPz;Lk; mjidf;

ifg;gw;Wq;fs;"" vd;W $wpdhH KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;. ,g;nghOJ> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; MjuthsHfspd;

jpl;lk; vt;thwpUe;jnjd;why;> ,tHfs; cs;Sf;Fs; K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH(uyp) mtHfsJ giliaj; jhf;fpf;

nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ> vy;iy topahf jhf;fpf; nfhz;L mk;U (uyp) mtHfs; vfpg;jpDs; Eioa Ntz;Lk;

vd;gjhf ,Ue;jJ.

Kd;G myp (uyp) mtHfs; rphpahit Nehf;fp gilia efHj;JtJ vd;w jpl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;j nghOJ> ,tUf;F

cjTtjw;fhfntd;W K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsplk; rpW gil ,Ue;jJ. e`Hthd; Aj;jj;jpw;Fg; gpd;G

myp (uyp) mtHfs; rphpahTf;F vjpuhd gil vLg;igf; iftpl;ljd; fhuzkhf> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;

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,g;nghOJ vfpg;jpd; kPJ mjpfkhd gyg;gpuNahfj;ij nrYj;j Muk;gpj;Jtpl;bUe;jhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ vfpg;jpy; epiyik rw;W khwp ,Ue;jJ. K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH d; jiyikapy; ,Ue;j gilfspy;

rpyH mtuJ jiyikia tpl;Lk; ePq;fp> xd;W cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; MjuthsHfNshL ,ize;J

nfhz;ldH> my;yJ eLepiyik tfpf;f Muk;gpj;J tpl;ldH. vdNt ,g;nghOJ K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH (uyp)

mtHfsplk;kpfr; rpwpa msNt gil ,Ue;jJ. KMtpah Tk;> mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfSk; vfpg;jpid Nehf;fp

jhf;f Muk;gpj;j nghOJ> K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ trk; ntWk; ehd;fhapuk; JUg;Gf;fs; kl;LNk

,Ue;jdH.

jdf;F cjtpahf gilfis mDg;gp itf;Fk;gb K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; myp (uyp) mtHfisf;

Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,jpy; ,uz;L tpjkhd fUj;Jf;fs; ,lk; ngWfpd;wd.

xd;wpd;gb> myp (uyp) mtHfshy; cjtpg; gilia mDg;gp itf;f ,aytpy;iy. ,d;DnkhU fUj;jpd;gb> myp

(uyp) mtHfspd; cjtpg;gil vfpg;jpid mile;j nghOJ> vy;yhNk ele;J Kbe;J tpl;bUe;jJ. KMtpah (uyp)

mtHfs; vfpg;jpidf; ifg;gw;wp tpl;bUe;jhHfs;. K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; tPuj;NjhL NghH nra;jhYk;

$l> kpfg; nghpa giliaf; nfhz;l KMtpah (uyp) mtHfis vjpHj;J epw;f ,aytpy;iy. g\;H gpd; fpdhd

vd;gtH nfhy;yg;gl;ljd; gpd;dH> K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfshy; jhf;Fg; gpbj;J fsj;jpy; epw;f

,aytpy;iy. mtH NghHf;fsj;ij tpl;Lk; jg;gpj;J> vy;iyg; Gw Cuhd /G];jhj; y; kiwe;J nfhs;fpd;whH.

me;jg; gFjpia KMtpah tpd; Ml;fs; Kw;Wifapl;L> K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH mtHfisf; ifJ nra;J

tpLfpd;whHfs;.

mk;Ug;Dy; M];(uyp) mtHfs; tul;Lk;> te;jTld; mthplk; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;L jdJ jk;gpahd K`k;kJ gpd;

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfis kPl;Lf; nfhz;L nrd;W tplyhk; vd;W mtuJ rNfhjuH mg;JH u`;khd; gpd; mGgf;fH

(uyp) mtHfs; fhj;jpUf;fpd;whHfs;. mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfs; ifjpfisj; jd;dplk; mDg;gp itf;FkhW

KMtpah mtHfSf;Fj; njhptpf;fpd;whHfs;. Mdhy; KMtpah gpd; `{ij[; mtHfNsh> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd;

gLnfhiyf;Fj; jhd; gop jPHf;fg; Nghtjhff; $wpaNjhL> cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; gLnfhiyapy;

rk;ge;jg;gl;ltHfSf;F ,uf;fk; fhl;lg; Nghtjpy;iy vd;W gjpyspj;J tpLfpd;whH.

jd;idg; gpbj;J itj;jpUe;jtHfsplk;> rpwpJ jz;zPH jUkhW Nfl;fpwhH K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH(uyp) mtHfs;.

mjw;F> ePq;fs; jhNd cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; jz;zPH Nfl;l nghOJ nfhLf;f kWj;jtHfs;> ,g;nghOJ

ehq;fs; cq;fSf;Fj; jz;zPH nfhLf;f khl;Nlhk; vd;whHfs;. gpd;dH> K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfis

mtHfs; ,uf;fkpd;wp ntl;bf; nfhd;whHfs;. mtuJ cliy khl;Lj; NjhypDs; RUl;b> mjid neUg;gpl;Lf;

nfhSj;jp tpl;lhHfs;.

cjtpaw;w epiyapy; myp (uyp)

K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsJ gLnfhiy> vfpg;jpd; tPo;r;rp ,uz;L xUNru myp (uyp) mtHfis

kpfTk; ghjpj;jJ. K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfspd; kiwT Fwpj;J jdJ xd;W tpl;l rNfhjuuhd

mg;Jy;yh gpd; mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfspk; Kiwapl;L> jdJ tUj;jj;ij myp (uyp) mtHfs; njhptpj;jhHfs;.

vfpg;jpd; tPo;r;rp myp (uyp) mtHfspd; nfsutj;jpw;F kpfTk; ,Of;fhf mike;jJ.

$/gh tpd; gpujhd gs;spapd; kpk;ghpy; Vwp epd;w myp (uyp) mtHfs; :

vd;dUik kf;fNs..! cjtp Njitg;gl;l Neuj;jpy; vd;id ePq;fs; iftpl;L tpl;BHfs;. rj;jpaj;ij mrj;jpak;

kpifj;J tpl;lJ> ,d;Dk; rj;jpaj;ij epiyehl;Ltjw;fhf cq;fspy; ahUNk Kd;tu khl;Nld; vd;fpwPHfNs..!

ehd; vfpg;jpid ,oe;J tpl;Nld;. ehd; vd;Dila tsHg;G kfidAk; ,oe;J tpl;Nld;. mtuJ kiwTf;F ahH

tQ;rk; jPHg;gJ? rhpahdnjhU Nehf;fj;jpw;Fg; NghuhLtjw;fhd ,iwek;gpf;if nfhQ;rk; $l cq;fsplk;

,y;yhjpUg;gJ vt;thW? vdJ fl;lisfSf;F ePq;fs; nrtprha;f;f kWf;fpd;wPHfs;..> mg;gb vd;why; vd;dplk;

ePq;fs; igmj; nra;jjw;fhd mHj;jk;jhd; vd;d..? ePq;fs; nrtplHfshfTk;> CikaHfshfTk; Mfp tpl;lJ

Vd;?

xt;nthU ehSk; myp (uyp) mtHfs; kpk;ghpy; Vwp epd;W nfhz;L ,iwtrdq;fis Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;bAk;>

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; tho;f;if eilKiwfisr; Rl;bf; fhl;bAk;> rj;jpaj;ij epiyehl;Ltjw;fhf

Nghuhl Ntz;ba mtrpak; Fwpj;J me;j kf;fSf;F tpsf;fkspj;J te;J nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jhHfs;. mtHfs; vg;gbj;

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jhd; Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;bg; NgrpAk; $l> me;j kf;fs; czHT ngw;wjhfj; njhpatpy;iy.

RUf;fkhfr; nrhd;dhy;> myp (uyp) mtHfNsh..> m];jkdj;ij Nehf;fpr; nrd;W nfhz;bUf;fpd;wnjhU #hpad;>

mjdhy; ahUf;F vd;d gpuNah[dk; ,Uf;fg; Nghfpd;wJ vd;Nw mtHfs; fUj Muk;gpj;J tpl;lhHfs;.

myp .. (uyp) mtHfs;..> Kw;wpYk; kdpj cjtpia ,oe;j epiyapy;> Kw;wpYk; epuhiraile;j epiyf;Fr; nrd;W

tpl;lhH. gilfSk; ,tuJ fl;Lg;ghl;by; ,y;iy> kf;fSk; ,tuJ fl;Lg;ghl;by; ,y;iy..> Mf nkhj;jj;jpy;

JNuhfkpiof;fg;gl;l epiyapy; ifNrjj;jpw;Fhpa epiyapy; epd;W nfhz;bUe;jhH.

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; rjpj; jpl;lk;

vfpg;jpidf; ifg;gw;wpahfp tpl;lJ..> ,g;nghOJ myp (uyp) mtHfspd; fl;Lg;ghl;by; ,Uf;Fk; nfhQ;rg;

gFjpfspYk; $l myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhd fUj;Jg; gutiy cz;lhf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W rjpj;jpl;lk;

jPl;bdhH KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs;. mjd; gb> JkhJy; [d;jy; y; eLtHfs; mspj;j jPHg;gpid myp (uyp) mtHfs;

Vw;Wf; nfhs;shky; Kwpj;J tpl;lhH> ,d;Dk; rpg;gPd; y; vLj;j xg;ge;jj;ijAk; kPwp tpl;lhH vd;wnjhU

gpur;rhuj;ij KLf;fp tpl;lhH. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfsJ rhHG MjuthsHfs; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfsplk; yQ;rk;

ngw;Wf; nfhz;L ,jidg; gpur;rhuk; nra;af; fskpwq;fpdhHfs;. NkYk;> myp (uyp) mtHfspd; iftrk;

vQ;rpapUe;j gy gpuNjrq;fspYk;> mtuJ epHthfj;ij Klf;Ftjw;Fz;lhd Vw;ghLfSk; tpiuthfr; nra;ag;gl;ld.

g\uhtpy; Fog;gk;

mtuJ Kjy; eltbf;ifahf g\uhtpy; Fog;gj;ij Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;W jpl;lkpl;lhH KMtpah (uyp)

mtHfs;. $/ghTf;F mLj;jhf fhhp[pa;ahf;fs; mjpfk; trpg;gJ g\uhtpy; jhd;. e`Hthd; Aj;jj;jpw;Fg; gpd;

fhhp[pa;ahfspd; gpujhd vjphpahf myp (uyp) mtHfs; Mfp tpl;lhHfs;. fhhp[pa;ahfis cRg;gptpl;L myp (uyp)

mtHfSf;F vjpuhff; fytuj;jpy; <LgLkhW J}z;l Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj Kmtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; jpl;lkhf

,Ue;jJ. ,d;Dk; g\uhtpy; thof; $ba gy cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; rhHG MjuthsHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;.

Mdhy;> xl;lf Aj;jj;jpw;Fg; gpwF ,tHfs; myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F igmj; nra;jpUe;jhHfs;. ,tHfs; myp (uyp)

mtHfSf;F igmj; nra;jpUe;jij Kwpj;Jf; nfhs;SkhW nra;a itf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W jpl;lkpl;lhH.

me;j Neuj;jpy; g\uhtpd; ftHduhf mg;Jy;yh gpd; mg;gh];(uyp) mtHfs; ,Ue;jhHfs;. JkhJy; [d;jy; y;

eLtHfs; jPHg;Gf;fhf mkHe;j nghOJ> me;j ,lj;jpy; mg;Jy;yh ,g;D mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfSk; ,Ue;jhHfs;.

eLtHfs; mspj;j jPHg;G myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F kpFe;j mjpHr;rpia mspj;jJ. mg;Jy;yh ,g;D mg;gh]; (uyp)

mtHfs; myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F MWjy; $wpaNjhL> eLtHfspd; jPHg;G xUjiyg;gl;rkhdjhf ,Ug;gjhy;> ePq;fs;

mjpfhuj;ij tpl;Lf; nfhLf;f Ntz;lhk;> njhlHe;Jk; ePq;fs; gjtpapy; ePbj;J thUq;fs; vd;Wk; MNyhid

$wpaNjhL> eLtHfspd; jPHg;Gf;Ff; fl;Lg;gl Ntz;lhk; vd;Wk; mwpTiu $wpapUe;jhHfs;.

mJehs; Kjy; myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhd gpur;idfs; mjphpfj;J te;J nfhz;bUe;jd. fhhp[pa;ahf;fsplk;

NghH nra;a Ntz;b te;jJ> mjpy; ntw;wp ngw;Wk; $l> njhlHe;Jk; gpur;idfs; VNjh xU tbtj;jpy; te;J

nfhz;Nl jhdpUe;jJ. rphpahtpd; kPJ gilnaLj;J KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhd gpur;idf;F Kw;Wg;Gs;sp

itf;f ehba NghJ> myp (uyp) mtHfspd; gilapdH xj;Jiog;Gf; nfhLf;ftpy;iy. mjw;F mLj;j kpfg; ngUk;

Nghpb..> vfpg;J ifeOtpg; NghdJ. K`k;kJ gpd; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfspd; kuzk;> ,d;DnkhU mjpHr;rp. me;j

mjpHr;rpapypUe;J mtHfisj; Njw;wp> MWjy; toq;Ftjw;fhf g\uhtpypUe;J $/ghTf;F mg;Jy;yh gpd; mg;gh];

(uyp) mtHfs; tUfpd;whHfs;. jdf;Fg; gjpyhf Ml;rpg; nghWg;gpy; ]pahj; gpd; mgp`p vd;gtiu epakpj;J tpl;L

tUfpd;whHfs;.

,e;j ]pahj; mtHfs; ]hkpah vd;w mbikg; ngz;zpd; kfdhthH. ,tuJ je;ij ahnud;W mwpag;gltpy;iy.

,e;j ]hkpah vd;gtH KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; je;ij mG+ ]{/g;ahd; (uyp) mtHfsplk; mbikahf ,Ue;jtH

vd;Wk;> NkYk; ,e;j ]pahj; jdJ je;ijf;Fg; gpwe;jtnud;gijAk; gpd;dH KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; mwpe;J

nfhz;lhHfs;. ,e;j epiyapy; ]pahj; mtHfs; myp (uyp) mtHfspd; kPJ gw;Wf; nfhz;ltuhfNt ,Ue;jhH

vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

mg;Jy;yh gpd; mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfs; $/ghtpw;F gazg;gl;Lr; nrd;wjd; gpd;dH> 2000 Fjpiug; gilapdH

mlq;fpanjhU gilia cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd; xd;W tpl;l rNfhjuuhd mg;Jy;yh gpd; mk;H my; fj;ukp

vd;gtuJ jiyikapy; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; mDg;gp itf;fpd;whHfs;. ,J NghH K];jPG vd;wpy;yhky;>

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rhjhuzkhd Kiwapy; cs;Ns Eioe;jJ. mtHfsJ jpl;lk;..> mikjpahd Kiwapy; Fog;gj;ij Vw;gLj;j

Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhf ,Ue;jJ. ,tHfs; g\uhtpw;Fs; te;jJk;> ,tHfs; kPJ gw;Wf; nfhz;lnjhU

Nfhj;jpuj;jhuhd gD}jkPk; vd;gtHfsJ tpUe;jhspfshff; nfsutpf;fg;gl;lhHfs;.

JkhJy; [d;jy; y; eLtHfs; mkHe;J toq;fpa jPHg;gpd; mbg;gilapy;> ,g;nghOJ Ml;rpj; jiytuhf KMtpah

(uyp) mtHfNs NjHT nra;ag;gl;bUf;fpd;whHfs;> vdNt ePq;fs; midtUk; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;Nf igmj;

nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;W gDjkPk; Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfsplk; gpur;rhuk; nra;a Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,e;jg; gpur;rhuj;jpd;

mbg;gilapy;> gD}jkPk; Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfs; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfis Ml;rpj; jiytuhf Vw;Wf; nfhz;L igmj;

nra;J tpl;;lhHfs;. ,d;Dk; g\uhtpy; thOfpd;w kf;fspy; xU gphptpdH Kd;G Map\h (uyp) mtHfSf;F

xj;Jiog;G toq;fpatHfs; vd;gjhy;> fl;lhaj;jpd; Nghpy; tpUg;gkpy;yhj epiyapy; jhd; myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F

igmj; nra;jpUe;jhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ ,tHfSk; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;F igmj; nra;Jtpl;lhHfs;. ,jdhy;

g\uhtpy; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;F MjuthdnjhU FO fzprkhd mstpy; NrHe;J tpl;lJ. ,J myp (uyp)

mtHfis NkYk; gytPdg;gLj;jpaJ. ,e;j epiyapy; jd;idg; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; nghUl;L> gD}jkPk; f;F

vjphpf; Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfshf gD} m];j; d; xj;Jiog;igf; Nfhu Ntz;ba mtrpak; ]pahj; mtHfSf;F Vw;gl;lJ.

`o;ukp mtHfspd; kuzk;

,g;nghOJ myp.. ah my;yJ KMtpah..th vd;w epiy khwp..> gD}jkPk..h my;yJ gD} m];j..h vd;w Mfp>

,U Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfSf;Fk; ,ilNa gpur;id Kw;w Muk;gpj;jJ. myp (uyp) mtHfspd; rhHG epHthf rig

Klkhf;fg;gl;lJ vd;gij tpl> m];j; Nfhj;jpuj;jhhpd; me;j];ij caHj;jpg; gpbf;Fk; msTf;F mJ fPopwq;fpaJ.

g\uhtpy; ele;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; epiyikfis tpsf;fp xU fbjj;ij myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F mDg;gp itj;jhH

]pahj;. ,tUf;F cjtpahf mG+ gpd; jhgpah K[\p vd;gtuJ jiyikapy; rpwpa gil xd;iw mDg;gp

itj;jhHfs; myp (uyp) mtHfs;. ,tH gdP jkPk; Nfhj;jpuj;ijr; rhHe;jtH vd;gjhy;> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;F

igmj; nra;a Ntz;lhk; vd;W jd;Dila Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfisj; jLg;gjw;fhfNt mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;lhHfs;.

Mdhy; K[\p mtHfis mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;ljw;fhd jpl;lk; ntw;wp ngwtpy;iy. khwhf> mtH mtuJ

Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfshNyNa gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;lhH.

my; K[\p mtHfs; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;ljhy;> mjw;Fg; gopf;Fg; gop thq;Ftjw;fhf gD} jkPkp

Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfs; kPJ gilnaLg;gJ vd;w KbTf;F te;jhHfs;. ,e;j epiyapy;> Nkw;fz;l ,U Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfs;

xU xg;ge;jj;ij jq;fSf;Fs; nra;J nfhz;L tpl;ljhy;> ]pahj; vLf;f epidj;jpUe;j eltbf;if epiwNtwhJ

NghdJ. ,g;nghOJ g\uhtpd; epiy Fwpj;J ]pahj; mtHfs; myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F fbjk; vOjpdhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ> [hhpah gpd; fjkh vd;gtuJ jiyikapy; gilia mDg;gp itj;jhHfs; myp (uyp) mtHfs;. ,tUk;

gdP jkPk; Nfhj;jpuj;ijr; rhHe;jtNu. ,tH gdP jkPk; Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfs; gyiuj; jd; gf;fk; <Hj;jhH. ,g;nghOJ

[hhpah mtHfsJ gf;fk; fzprkhd msT Ml;fs; NrHe;jJk;> `o;ukp mtHfs; jq;fp ,Ue;j tPl;bid ,tUk;>

,tNuhL gdP jkPk; Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfSk; NrHe;J Kw;Wif ,l;L> tPl;bw;F neUg;gpid itj;jhHfs;. `o;ukp Ak;

mtuJ Ml;fSk; neUg;gpy; nte;J ,we;J NghdhHfs;. `o;ukp apd; kuzj;jhy;> g\uh kPz;Lk; myp (uyp)

mtHfspd; fl;Lg;ghl;bw;Fs; te;J tpl;lJ.

mg;Jy;yh gpd; mg;gh]; (uyp)

mg;Jy;yh gpd; mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfs; $/ghtpw;Fj; jpUk;gp te;J tpl;lhHfs;. g\uhtpd; epiyik fl;Lf;Fs;

te;J tpl;lhYk;> epiyikfspd; tpghPjk; ,d;Dk; ePbj;Jf; nfhz;L jh;d ,Ue;jJ. rw;W Kd; KMtpah (uyp)

mtHfSf;F igmj; nra;j kf;fs;> kPz;Lk; myp (uyp) mtHfSf;Fg; igmj; nra;a Ntz;bapUe;jJ. ,J

rl;iliaf; fow;wp khl;Lk; Af;jpiag; Nghd;wpUe;jJ. Vw;fdNt tsHe;J tpl;l fUj;JNtWghLfs;> kf;fSf;Fs;

mikjpiapd;ikiaj; Njhw;wtpj;J tpl;ld. ghJfhg;gpd;ikiaAk; cUthf;fp tpl;ld.

g\uhtpd; fUT+yff; fhg;ghsuhf mGy; m];tj; vd;gtH ,Ue;J te;jhH. ,tH> myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F vOjpa

fbjj;jpy; fUT+yfj;jpd; nry;tq;fs; tPz; tpiuaj;jpw;fhfr; nryT nra;ag;gLtjhf vOjp ,Ue;jhH. ,jw;F

tpsf;fk; Nfl;L mg;Jy;yh gpd; mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfSf;F xU fbjk; vOjp mDg;gpdhH myp (uyp) mtHfs;.

me;jf; fbjj;jpidg; ghHitapl;L tpl;L> murpd; nry;tj;ij vt;thW nrytpl Ntz;Lk; vd;w rl;lk; ehd; mwpe;J

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itj;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;.. ePq;fs; jtwhd jftiyf; Nfs;tpg;gl;bUf;fpd;wPHfs; vd;W gjpy; vOjpdhHfs;. Mdhy;>

,e;jg; gjpyhy; jpUg;jp milahj myp (uyp) mtHfs;> tuT nryTf; fzf;Ffis mDg;gp itf;FkhW mg;Jy;yh

gpd; mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfSf;F cj;jutpLfpd;whHfs;. Mdhy;> mg;Jy;yh gpd; mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfNsh> me;j

cj;jutpid nray;gLj;jhky;> igj;Jy;khy; y; ,Ue;j gzj;ij vLj;Jf; nfhz;L kf;fhtpw;Fr; nrd;W tpl;lhH.

,jpy; khWgl;l fUj;Jf;fs; epyTfpd;wd. mjhtJ> filrpf; fl;lj;jpy; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; trj;jpy;

xt;nthU gpuNjrkhd tPo;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;w epiyapy;> murpd; fUT+yfj;ij ghJfhf;Fk; nghUl;L kf;fhtpw;F

mjid vLj;Jr; nrd;whH vd;Wk;> ,jw;F cjhuzkhf> akd; Njrj;jpw;F cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfshy;

epakpf;fg;gl;l ftHdiu myp (uyp) mtHfs; gjtp ePf;fk; nra;j nghOJ> me;jf; ftHdH fUT+yfg; gzj;ij

vLj;Jf; nfhz;L kf;fhtpw;Fr; nrd;W tpl;lhH. mjidg; NghyNt mg;Jy;yh gpd; mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfSk;

nray;gl;lhHfs; vd;W $wg;gLfpd;wJ.

,d;DnkhU mwptpg;gpy;> myp (uyp) mtHfs; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gLk; nghOJk; $l mtH ftHduhfNt

ePbj;jpUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;Wk; $wg;gLfpd;wd. ,d;Dk; ,khk; `]d; (uyp) mtHfs; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;F

Ml;rpg; nghWg;ig tpl;Lf; nfhLf;Fk; tiuapYk; $l mtH ftHduhfNt ,Ue;jhH vd;Wk; $wg;gLfpd;wJ.

,e;j epiyapy;> mg;Jy;yh ,g;D mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfs; vLj;Jr; nrd;w gzj;ij jpUk;g xg;gilf;FkhW myp

(uyp) mtHfs; mwpTWj;Jfpd;whHfs;.

mjw;F> cq;fsJ Ml;rpiaf; fhg;ghw;wpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf Ntz;ba Mapuf;fzf;fhd capHfisg; gopnfhLj;jjid

tpl ,J xd;Wk; nghpa Fw;wky;y vd;W mtH gjpyspj;jjhfTk; $wg;gLfpd;wJ. mg;Jy;yh gpd; mg;gh]; (uyp)

mtHfsplk; ,j;jifa gjpiy vjpHghHf;fhj myp (uyp) mtHfs; kdKile;Nj NghdhHfs;. Nkw;fz;l rk;gtk;

njhlHghf gy fUj;JNtWghLfs; epyTfpd;wd vd;gJk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

FHhpj; gpd; u\Pj; d; fytuk;

FHhpj; gpd; u\Pj; g`;iuidr; NrHe;j gD} e[pah vd;w Nfhj;jpuj;ijr; NrHe;jtH. xl;lf Aj;jj;jpy; ,tH myp

(uyp) mtHfSld; ,Ue;jhH. rphpahTf;F vjpuhd Aj;jj;jpy; $l ,tUk; ,tuJ Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfSk; myp (uyp)

mtHfSld; ,Ue;jhHfs;. ,Ug;gpDk;> e`Hthd; Aj;jj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dhy;; ,Ue;J ,tUf;Fk; myp (uyp)

mtHfSf;Fk; ,ilNa fUj;JNtWghL cUthf Muk;gpj;jJ. rpy mwptpg;Gfspd;gb ,tH fhhp[pa;ahf;fspd; kPJ

gw;Wf; nfhz;ltuhf ,Ue;jhH> mjd; fhuzkhfNt e`Hthd; Aj;jj;jpy; fhhp[pa;ahf;fs; nfhy;yg;gl;ljw;F

vjpuhf myp (uyp) mtHfSld; fUj;JKuz;ghL nfhs;syhdhH.

e`Hthd; Aj;jj;jpw;F kWehs; myp (uyp) mtHfisr; re;jpj;j ,tH> 'eLtHfs; mspj;j jPHg;ig ePq;fs; Vw;Wf;

nfhs;shky; ,Ug;gJ vt;thW? vd;W tpdt Muk;gpj;jhH. myp (uyp).. ehd; ve;j cld;gbf;ifiaAk;

kPwhjpUf;Fk; nghOJ ePq;fs; vg;gb ,e;jf; Fw;wr;rhl;ilf; $w KbAk; vd;whHfs;. eLtHfs; ,];yhj;jpd;

topfhl;Ljy;fspd; fPo; epd;W jPHg;G mspf;fj; jtwp tpl;lhHfs; vd;gij ePq;fs; mwpa khl;BHfsh? vd;whHfs;.

rPg;gpd; y; nra;J nfhz;l cld;gbf;ifiaAk; ePq;fs; ftdpj;jPHfs; my;yth? ,];yhj;jpd; topfhl;Ljy;fspd; fPo;

jhd; ehk; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;whHfs;. ,e;j tptfhuj;jpy; cq;fSf;F mjpf tpsf;fk; Njit vdpy;>

ehk; kpf ePz;lnjhU ciuahliy elj;j Ntz;bajpUf;Fk;> mjd; %yk; kl;LNk ahH ,];yhj;jpd; epoypy; epd;W

nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;gijAk;> ahH mjid tpl;Lk; J}ukhfp tpl;lhHfs; vd;gijAk; cq;fshy; tpsq;fpf;

nfhs;s KbAk; vd;W gjpyspj;jhHfs;. Mdhy;> FHhpj; mtHfs; ehd; ehis tUfpd;Nwd;> ePq;fs; tpsf;fj;ijj;

jhUq;fs; vd;W $wp tpl;L mq;fpUe;J nrd;W tpLfpd;whH.

FHhpj; Ciu tpl;L ntspNaWjy;

,Ug;gpDk;> mtH nrhd;d thHj;ijiaf; fhg;ghw;w Kaw;rpg;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf> mLj;j ehs; #hpa cjaj;jpw;F

Kd;gjhf mtUk; mtUld; ,ize;J 300 NgHfSk; $/ghit tpl;Nl fpsk;gp tpl;lhHfs;. mtHfs; nrd;w topapy;

,uz;L egHfisr; re;jpj;jhHfs;. xUtH A+jH> kw;nwhUtH K];ypk;. mtHfsplk; myp (uyp) mtHfisg; gw;wp

jq;fsJ fUj;J ahJ? vd;W Nfl;lhHfs; FHhpj; d; Ml;fs;. mjw;F me;j egH> myp (uyp) mtHfisg; gw;wp kpf

caHthd fUj;ijr; nrhd;dNjhL kl;Lky;yhJ> mtH ed;dk;gpf;ifahsHfspd; jiytuhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whH vd;W

$wpdhH. ,jidf; Nfl;l FHhpj; d; Ml;fs;> me;j kdpjiu fz;le;Jz;lkhf ntl;b vwpe;jhHfs;.

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FHhpj; ehl;il tpl;Lk; jg;gpj;J XLtijf; Nfs;tpg;gl;l myp (uyp) mtHfs; ]pahj; gpd; /fg;]h vd;gtuJ

jiyikapy; 300 NgH nfhz;l gilia mDg;gp itj;J> mtHfisg; gpizf;ifjpfshfg; gpbj;J tUk;gb

cj;jutpl;lhHfs;. ]pahj; mtHfs; FHhpj; ia k]hH vd;w ,lj;jpy; itj;J top kwpj;jhHfs;. FHhpj; I

ruzile;J tpLk;gbf; $wpdhHfs;.

ehd; Kjypy; cq;fsplk; Ngr Ntz;Lk; vd;W ]pahj; lk; FHhpj; $wpdhH. rhp.. thUq;fs; NgRNthk; vd;whH

]pahj;. myp (uyp) nra;J nfhz;l cld;gbf;ifia kPwp tpl;ltH vd;W Fw;wQ;rhl;bdhH. eLtHfs; ,e;j

tp\aj;jpy; ePjkhf elf;ftpy;iy vd;gij ]pahj; mthplk; Rl;bf; fhl;bdhH. Ml;rpj; jiyikia KMtpah (uyp)

mtHfSf;F nfhLg;gJ vd;w tp\aj;jpy;> mtiu tpl myp (uyp) mtHfs; jhd; jFjpapy; rpwe;jtHfshf

cs;shHfs; vd;gij Rl;bf; fhl;bdhH.

ePq;fs; cq;fsJ epiyg;ghl;il khw;wpf; nfhs;stpy;iy vd;why;> cq;fisf; fytuf;fhuHfshff; fUjp mjw;fhd

eltbf;ifia vLf;f Ntz;bajpUf;Fk; vd;W $wpdhH ]pahj;.

ehd; ruzilag; Nghtjpy;iy> vj;jifa gyg;gpuNahfj;ijAk; ehd; re;jpf;fj; jahuhfNt ,Uf;fpd;Nwd; vd;W

$wpdhH.

gpd;dH> ,uz;L mzpfSk; jq;fsJ thl;fis caHj;jpg; gpbj;jhHfs;. md;iwa ehs; KOtJk; rz;il

njhlHe;jJ. ]pahj; mtHfspd; jug;gpy; ,uz;L egHfSk;> FHhpj; d; jug;gpy; Ie;J egHfSk; kuzkile;jhHfs;.

ve;j mzpf;Fk; ntw;wp vd;wpy;yhky; md;iwa khiyg; nghOjpy; rz;il epWj;jg;gl;lJ. ,U gf;fKk;

fhak;gl;ltHfspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfkhf ,Ue;jJ. md;iwa ,uTk; ftpo;e;jJ. ,utpd; ,Wjpg; gFjp..> #hpad;

cjakhFtjw;F Kd;ghf FHhpj; d; Ml;fs; ,lj;ijf; fhyp nra;J tpl;L Xb tpl;lhHfs;. mjd; gpd;dH ]pahj;

d; Ml;fs; g\uhTf;Ff; fpsk;gp te;J tpl;lhHfs;. csTj; Jiwapd; %ykhf FHhpj; d; Ml;fs; m`;t]; vd;w

,lj;jpy; ,Ug;gjhf ]pahj; mtHfSf;Fj; jfty; fpilj;jJ. ]pahj; k; mtHfsJ Ml;fSk; g\uhtpy; jq;fp

,Ue;J nfhz;L> myp (uyp) mtHfSf;Fj; jfty; mDg;gp> Nkw;nfhz;L vLf;f Ntz;ba eltbf;if Fwpj;J

tpsf;fk; Nfl;L fbjk; mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;.

m`;t]; NghH

]pahj; kw;Wk; mtUld; ,Ue;j gilapdhpd; nra;iffs; Fwpj;J kpfTk; jpUg;jp nfhz;ltuhf myp (uyp) mtHfs;

fbjk; vOjpdhHfs;. rhp.. ePq;fs; $ghTf;Nf jpUk;gp tpLq;fs; vd;Wk; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhH. $/ghtpy; ,Ue;J

Kmfpy; gpd; if]; vd;gtuJ jiyikapy; 2003 NgH nfhz;lnjhU gilia m`;t]; I Nehf;fp mDg;gp

itj;jhHfs;. ,j;Jld; g\uhtpypUe;Jk; gilfis cjtpf;F mDg;gp itf;Fk;gb g\uhtpd; ftHdUf;F

cj;jutpl;lhHfs;.

,e;j epiyapy; m`;t]; y; jq;fp ,Ue;J nfhz;L> myp (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikapy; ,aq;Fk; muRf;F thp

nrYj;j Ntz;lhk; vd;W FHhpj; me;jg; gFjp kf;fisf; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhH. xOf;fr; rPHNfl;by; Cwpj;jpisj;Jf;

nfhz;bUe;j rpyH ,e;j FHhpj; ld; ,ize;J nfhz;ldH. ,g;nghOJ ,uz;L mzpf;Fk; m`;t]; d; GwefHg;

gFjpapy; itj;J NghH %z;lJ. FHhpj; d; Ml;fs; myp (uyp) mtHfspd; gilia vjpHf;f ,ayhky;> uk;`{HK];

vd;w ,lj;jpw;Fj; jg;gpr; nrd;whHfs;. mq;Fk; tpul;br; nry;yg;gl;lhHfs;. mq;fpUe;Jk; FHhpj; d; Ml;fs;

g`;iuid Nehf;fp XbdhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ Kmfpy; mtHfs; FHhpj; d; Ml;fSf;F xU vr;rhpf;ifia

tpLj;jhHfs;. ahH ahnuy;yhk; FHhpj; d; mzpapypUe;J tpyfp tUfpd;wPHfNsh mtHfSf;F fUiz fhl;lg;gLk;>

,d;Dk; mt;thW tuhjtHfSf;F fUiz fhl;lg;gl khl;lhJ vd;W vr;rhpj;jhHfs;. gyH FHhpj; d; mzpapypUe;J

tpyfp Kmfpy; - d; gilfSld; NrHe;J nfhz;lhHfs;. ,Ug;gpDk; gyH FHhpj; d; mzpapNyNa ePbj;jhHfs;.

,uz;L gilfSf;Fk; ,ilNa eilngw;w Nkhjypy; gyH ,uj;j nts;sj;jpy; rha;e;jhHfs;. capH gpioj;jtHfis

ifjpfshfg; gpbf;fg;gl;lJld;> me;jf; fytuk; KbTf;F te;jJ.

,e;jf; fytuj;jpy; gq;nfLj;jtHfspy; mjpfkhdtHfs; fpwp];jtHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;. ,tHfs; Kd;G ,];yhj;ij

Vw;Wf; nfhz;L gpd;dH kjk; khwp kPz;Lk; fpwp];jtHfshf khwp tpl;ltHfs;. me;jf; ifjpfspy; gyH

fpwp];jtHfshfTk; ,Ue;jhHfs;. ifjpfshfg; gpbf;fg;gl;ltHfspd; ngz;fs; ,g;nghOJ fjwp jq;fsJ

Nrhfj;ij ntspg;gLj;j Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,jidf; Nfs;tpg;gl;l mtHfsJ ,dj;jiytH k]fyh> ifjpfis

tpLtpg;gjw;fhd gzaj; njhifiaj; jhd; jUtjhf Kmfpy; mtHfsplk; thf;fspj;J> Kd;gzkhf xU yl;rk;

Page 232: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

jpH`k;fisr; nrYj;jpdhH. kPjpj; njhifiaj; jhd; kf;fsplk; t#y; nra;J nrYj;jp tpLtjhfTk;

thf;fspj;jhH.

m`;t]; y; eilngw;w midj;J epfo;TfisAk; Nfs;tpg;gl;l myp (uyp) mtHfs; Kmfpy; mtHfisg;

ghuhl;bdhHfs;. ,e;j epiyapy; kPjpg; gzj;ij t#y; nra;J tpl;l k]fyh mjid fUT+yfj;jpy;

xg;gilf;fhky; fhyk; jho;j;jp te;jhH. gzj;ij xg;gilf;Fk;gb tw;GWj;j Muk;gpf;fNt> mtH me;jg; gzj;ij

vLj;Jf; nfhz;L rphpahTf;F Xb> mq;F KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSld; ,ize;J nfhz;lhH. KMtpah (uyp)

mtHfSk; ,tiu tuNtw;W cgrhpj;jNjhL> jdJ mitapy; mtUf;Fg; gjtpAk; nfhLj;jhH. myp (uyp) mtHfs;

kpFe;j Vkhw;wj;jpw;Fs;shdhH. ,e;j kf;fSf;F ,];yhkpa xOf;fkhz;Gfs; $l njhpatpy;iy. ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfs; vjidg; gapH nra;a te;jhHfNsh> mJ ,d;iwa kf;fsplk; ,y;yhky; Ngha;f; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wNj

vd;W myp (uyp) mtHfs; Ntjidg;gl;lhHfs;.

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; gilnaLg;G

<uhf; d; kPJ Kw;Wif

g\uhtpy; jdJ jpl;lk; epiwNtwhj epiyapy;> <uhf;fpd; kPJ rpwpanjhU Kw;Wifiaj; njhLj;J> <uhf;fpy;

mikjpiar; rPHFiyf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; jpl;lkhf ,Ue;jJ. Fwpg;ghf vy;iyg; Gw

khfhzq;fspy; Fog;gj;ij Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj mtuJ jpl;lk;. vdNt> ,jw;fhf gy jiytHfis

epakpj;J mtHfsJ jiyikapd; fPo; ,aq;Fk; gilfisAk; jahH nra;jhH.

E/khd; gpd; g\PH vd;gtuJ jiyikapd; fPo; xUmzp cUthf;fg;gl;l me;j mzp 'ma;d; jk;H" vd;w gFjpapid

Kw;Wifapl;L> Fog;gj;ij Vw;gLj;jg; gzpf;fg;gl;lJ. mNjNghy R/g;ahd; gpd; mt;/g; jiyikapy; xU mzp '`pl;

kw;Wk; md;gH" gFjpia Nehf;fp mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;lJ. %d;whtjhf> mg;Jy;yh gpd; k]hjh my; /ghH]p

jiyikapy; xU mzpia Vw;gLj;jp> mjid 'ijkh" gFjpf;F mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;lJ. ehd;fhtjhf> ]{`hf;

gpd; if]; jiyikapy; xU mzpia nk]gNlhkpahtpd; Nkw;gFjpia Nehf;fp mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;lJ.

Fwpg;ghf ,e;j mzpfs; me;j me;jg; gFjpfSf;Fr; nrd;W nfhs;is> #iwahly; Nghd;w rpW rpW

eltbf;iffspy; <LgLkhW gzpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,e;j tifapy;> rphpahtpypUe;J fpsk;gp ,e;jg; gilfs; fzprkhd

msTf;F Nghhpy; fpilf;Fk; fdpkj;Jg; nghUl;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,tHfs; #whtsp Nghy jq;fs;

gFjpapypUe;J fpsk;gpr; nrd;W nfhiy> nfhs;isfspy; <Lgl;L> gpd;dH kPz;Lk; jq;fsJ gFjpfSf;Fj; jpUk;gp

tplf; $batHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;. mtHfspd; Nehf;fk; ehl;ilg; gpbg;gJ my;y> khwhf vy;iyg; gFjpfspy; mr;r

czHitAk;> ghJfhg;G tisaj;ij jfHg;gjidANk Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;ltHfshf KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd;

Ml;fs; nray;gl;lhHfs;. ,d;Dk; ,e;j Kw;Wifapd; fhuzkhf> myp (uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;rpg; gFjpapy;

nghUshjhu tsq;fis tpiuakhf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJk; mtuJ Nehf;fq;fspy; xd;whf ,Ue;jJ. vy;iyg;

Gwq;fspy; Fog;gk; epytpa NghJk;> $/gh kf;fs; ve;jtpj vjpHeltbf;iffspy; mtHfs; <Lgl Kaw;rp

nra;atpy;iy> khwhf vjidAk; fz;L nfhs;shjtHfs; Nghy ele;J nfhz;lhHfs;. myp (uyp) mtHfs; $/gh

kf;fis ghJfhg;G eltbf;ifspy; <Lgl mioj;j NghJk;> mtHfs; mjid Vw;W elf;f Kd;tutpy;iy.

Ml;rpahsH vd;w Kiwapy; $l mtUf;F mtHfs; fl;Lg;gl kWj;J tpl;lhHfs; vd;Nw $wyhk;. ,Ug;gpDk;> myp

(uyp) mtHfs; xU rpW giliaj; jahH nra;J> ghJfhg;G eltbf;ifia Nkw;nfhz;lhYk; $l> KMtpah (uyp)

mtHfsJ gilf;Fk; myp (uyp) mtHfSila gilf;Fk; vz;zpf;ifapy; Vfg;gl;l tpj;jpahrk; ,Ue;jJ.

typikapy; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; fuq;fNs Xq;fp ,Ue;jd.

`p[h]; Kw;Wif

,g;nghOJ `[;[{f; fhyk; neUq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jJ> ,e;j Neuj;jpy; g];H gpd; mHjj; vd;gtuJ jiyikapd;

fPo; 3000 NgHnfhz;l Fjpiug; gilia `p[hi] Nehf;fp KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. ,tH

,aw;ifapNyNa fbdkhdtuhfTk;> Kul;Lj; jdk; kpf;ftuhfTk; ,Ue;jhH. ,tiu KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; mDg;gp

itj;j Nehf;fNk..> `p[h]; kf;fisj; jd; gf;fk; <Hf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhf ,Ue;jJ. g];H mtHfs; jdJ

Page 233: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

Kw;Wifia kjPdhtpy; ,Ue;J Muk;gpj;jhH.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; gphpaj;jpw;Fhpa efuk;> Fog;gq;fs; kpiff;Fk; ,lkhf Mfp tplf; $lhJ

vd;gjw;fhfNt> kjPdhtpy; ,Ue;J $/ghtpw;Fj; jdJ jiyefiu myp (uyp) mtHfs; khw;wpf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

,d;Dk; kjPdhtpd; kPJ ahH jhf;Fjy; njhLf;fg; Nghfpd;whHfs; vd;gjw;fhfNt mtH kjPdhtpd; ghJfhg;gpd; kPJ

rhpahd ftdKk; nrYj;jtpy;iy. KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; gilfs; kjPdhit mz;kpj;jpUe;j Ntisapy;>

kjPdhtpd; ftHdH jg;gpj;jhy; NghJnkd;W kjPdhit tpl;Lk; Xb tpl;lhH. mjd; gpd; g];H mtHfs; ve;jtpj

vjpHg;Gk; ,d;wp kjPdhitf; ifg;gw;wpf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

g];H mtHfs; kjPdhtpd; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; gs;spapy; epd;W nfhz;L> kjPdhtpd; kf;fs; midtiuAk;

xd;W $Lk;gb cj;jutpl;lhHfs;. kpk;ghpy; Vwp epd;W nfhz;l g];H mtHfs;> 'cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfis

fytuf;fhuHfs; gLnfhiy nra;Ak; tiuf;Fk; mjidj; jLf;f tpiuahJ> mtuJ gLnfhiyiag; ghHj;Jf;

nfhz;bUe;j tpl;BHfNs" vd;W Fw;wk; rhl;bdhH. me;jf; $l;lj;jpy; fye;J nfhz;l kf;fs; jq;fsJ jtiw

czHe;J fz;zPH tpl;lhHfs;. gpd;dH> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; jhd; Ml;rpahsH> mtUf;F ePq;fs; midtUk;

igmj; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;W Nfl;Lf; nfhz;ljd; gpd;dH> g];H mtHfs; myp (uyp) mtHfshy; epakpf;fg;gl;l

ftHdiu gjtp ePf;fk; nra;J tpl;L> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; MjuthsH xUtiu kjpdhtpd; ftHduhf

epakpj;J tpl;lhHfs;. ,jd; gpd;dH kjPdhtpd; midj;J kf;fSk; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;F igmj; nra;J

nfhz;lhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ kjPdhTk; myp (uyp) mtHfspd; fuq;fspy; ,Ue;J eOtp tpl;lJ.

kjPdhtpy; ,Ue;J> ,g;nghOJ rphpag; gilfs; kf;fhit Nehf;fp efHe;jd. kf;fhtpd; ftHduhf myp (uyp)

mtHfshy; epakpf;fg;gl;l fhjk; gpd; mg;gh]; mtHfs; kf;fhit tpl;L tpl;L Xb tpl;lhHfs;. KMtpah (uyp)

mtHfSf;F vjpuhf kf;fhtpd; kf;fSk; ve;j vjpHg;Gk; fhl;ltpy;iy. kjPdh kf;fisg; NghyNt kf;fhthrpfSk;

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;F igmj; nra;J nfhz;lhHfs;. kf;fhtpid tpl;Lk; ntspNawpr; nrd;wtHfs; vtUk;

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;F igmj; nra;atpy;iy. mtHfspy; mG+%]h my; m\;mhp (uyp) mtHfSk; xUtuhthH.

jkhJy; [d;jy; y; ele;j jPHg;ghaj;jpy; fye;J nfhz;l ePjpgjpfspy; xUtH ,tH vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. ,tH

myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhfNth my;yJ KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhfNth elf;ftpy;iy. Xbr; nrd;w

,tiu KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;fs; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L te;J g];H mtHfspd; Kd;dhy; epWj;jpdhHfs;.

ePq;fs; Vd; kf;fhit tpl;Lk; XbdPHfs;..? g];H Nfl;lhH.

vd;Dila capiuf; fhg;ghw;wpf; nfhs;sNt ehd; XbNdd;..> vd;whH mG+ %]h (uyp) mtHfs;.

cq;fs;kPJ capH kPJ mt;tsT gphpak; ,Ue;jhy;..> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;F igmj; nra;J tpLq;fs; vd;whH>

g];H mtHfs;. kw;wtHfisg; NghyNt mG+ %]h (uyp) mtHfSk; KMtpahtpw;F igmj; nra;J nfhz;lhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ kf;fhTk; $l myp (uyp) mtHfspd; fuq;fspy; ,Ue;J eOtpr; nrd;W tpl;lJ.

akd; Njrk; Nehf;fp..

myp (uyp) mtHfshy; epakpf;fg;gl;l ftHdiu gjtp ePf;fk; nra;J tpl;L> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; rhHghsH

xUtiu me;jg; gjtpapy; g];H mtHfs; epakpj;jhHfs;. mjid mLj;J g];H mtHfSk;> mtuJ gilfSk; akd;

Njrj;ij Nehf;fpr; nrd;whHfs;. mjd; ftHduhf cigJy;yh gpd; mg;gh]; mtHfis myp (uyp) mtHfs;

epakpj;jpUe;jhHfs;> ,tH myp (uyp) mtHfspd; xd;W tpl;l rNfhjuH MthH. ,tH g];H mtHfspd; gilia rpwpJ

vjpHj;J tpl;L> mg;Jy;yh `hhpjp mtHfsplk; jsgjpg; nghWg;ig xg;gilj;J tpl;L> fsj;ij tpl;L Xb tpl;lhH.

,e;j epiyapy;> mg;Jy;yh mtHfisg; gpbj;J> g];H d; Ml;fs; nfhiy nra;J tpl;lhHfs;. mjd; gpd;dH akd;

Njrj;jpy; ,tHfs; Eioe;jhHfs;. akd; Njrj;jpy; nrhy;nyhz;zh ml;lfhrq;fis g];H d; gilapdH epfo;j;j

Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. cigJy;yh mtHfspd; ,sk; Foe;ijfisAk; $l mtHfs; tpl;L itf;fhJ> nfhd;W

tpl;lhHfs;. rphpag; gilfis vjpHj;j akd; Njrj;J kf;fspy; gyiu rphpag; gilapdH ifJ nra;jdH> gpd;dH

nfhd;W Nghl;ldH. kjPdh kw;Wk; kf;fh kf;fisg; NghyNt akd; Njrj;J kf;fSk; gpd;dH KMtpah (uyp)

mtHfSf;F igmj; nra;J nfhz;lhHfs;.

myp (uyp) mtHfspd; Kw;Wifg; NghH

Page 234: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

akd; Njrj;ijg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhf [hhpah gd; Fjhkh kw;Wk; ci`g; gpd; k]{j; my; jf/gp MfpNahH

jiyikapy; 4000 NgH nfhz;l gilia myp (uyp) mtHfs; mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. mtHfs; akd; Njrj;ij

Nehf;fpr; nrd;w topapy; e[;uhd; vd;w gFjpiaf; fle;J nrd;whHfs;> ,e;jg; gFjp KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd;

MjuthsHfs; epiwe;j gFjpahFk;. akid Nehf;fp Kd;Ndwpr; nrd;W nfhz;bUe;j myp (uyp) mtHfspd;

gilia ,tHfs; jLj;J epWj;jpdhHfs;. ,e;j vjpHg;G eltbf;ifapd; fhuzkhf tpise;j Aj;jj;jpy; Vuhskhd

e[;uhd;thrpfs; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;lhHfs;> Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;lhHfs;.

myp (uyp) mtHfspd; gil akd; Njrj;ij Nehf;fp Kd;Ndwp tUtij mwpe;J nfhz;l g];H mtHfs;> jd;idr;

rpf;fypy; khl;bf; nfhs;s tpUk;ghky;> jd;Dila gilAld; akd; Njrj;ij tpl;Lk; Kd;djhfNt fpsk;g

Muk;gpj;J> rphpahit Nehf;fpr; nry;Yk; ghijapy; tpiue;J eilNghl Muk;gpj;J tpl;lhH. myp (uyp) mtHfspd;

gil akd; Njrj;ij te;jile;jJ> mq;F rl;lk; xOq;if epiyehl;b kPz;Lk; akd; Njrj;ij myp (uyp)

mtHfspd; MSiff;Fs; cl;gLj;jpaJ. KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;F igmj; nra;J nfhz;l kf;fs;> ,g;nghOJ

mjid cjwpj;js;sp tpl;L myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F igmj; nra;J nfhz;lhHfs;.

akd; Njrj;ij kPl;ljd; gpd;dH> myp (uyp) mtHfspd; gilfs; kf;fh kw;Wk; kjPdhit Nehf;fpj; jpUk;gpd.

kf;fhtpYk;> kjpdhtpYk; epakpf;fg;gl;bUe;j KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; ftHdHfs; gjtp ePf;fk; nra;ag;gl;L>

kPz;Lk; me;jg; gFjpfs; myp (uyp) mtHfspd; MSifapd; fPo; nfhz;L tug;gl;ld.

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; Kw;Wifapd; tpisTfs;

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfshy; mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;l ,e;j gilfspd; %ykhf ve;jg; gpuNjrj;ijAk; mtuhy;

ifg;gw;wpf; nfhs;s ,aytpy;iy. Vndd;why; mtHfs; nrd;w gFjpfspy; vy;yhk; nfhiy> nfhs;isfspy;

<Lgl;lhHfs;> VuhskhdtHfs; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;;lhHfs;. KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; jsgjp g];H mtHfs; kpfTk;

nfhLikf;fhuuhfNt jd;id milahsk; fhl;bf; nfhz;lhH> kf;fis mr;rj;jpy; Mo;j;jp itj;jhH. vg;nghOJ

g];H d; Ml;fs; akd; Njrf; ftHduhd cigJy;yh`; mtHfspd; ,sq; Foe;ijfisf; nfhd;W Nghl;lhHfNsh>

mjidf; Nfs;tpg;gl;l khj;jpuj;jpNyNa myp (uyp) mtHfs; g];H f;F vjpuhf my;yh`;tpd; rhgk; ,wq;fl;Lkhf

vd;W gpuhHj;jid nra;jhHfs;. g];H mtHfs; rphpahtpw;Fj; jpUk;gpf; nfhz;bUe;j topapy; mtUf;F jpbnud

igj;jpak; gpbj;J tpl;lJ. ve;j thisf; nfhz;L kf;fisf; nfhiy nra;J te;jhNuh> nfhiy nra;tjw;fhf

jd;Dila ciwapy; itj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhNuh me;j thisf; nfhz;L> jd;idNa Fj;jpf; nfhs;s

Muk;gpj;jhH. ,jd; fhuzkhf mtuJ Ml;fs; mtUf;F kuj;jhyhd this mtuJ ciwapy; itj;jNjhL>

mtuJ clk;igr; Rw;wpYk; fdj;j kpUfj; Njhyyhd Milia mzptpj;jhHfs;. ,Wjpapy; igj;jpak; gpbj;j

epiyapNyNa mtH ,we;J NghdhH.

NkYk; ,e;j Kw;Wifapd; nghOJ> kf;fs; gLnfhiyf;F Mshf;fg;gl;lhHfs;> mr;RWj;jg;gl;lhHfs;. ,jd;

tpisthf kf;fsplk; xOq;fPdq;fs; kpiff;f Muk;gpj;jd. mtHfsplk; xOf;f khz;Gfs; rpija Muk;gpj;jd>

,d;Dk; epahak; vJ> mepahak; vJ vd;W mtHfshy; ,dq; fz;L nray;gl Kbahj epiyf;Fj;

js;sg;gl;lhHfs;. ,d;iwf;F xUtUf;F igmj; nra;jhHfs;> ehisf;F NtW xUtUf;F igmj; nra;J

nfhz;lhHfs;. Mf> rl;iliaf; fow;wp khl;LtJ Nghy> jq;fsJ Ml;rpahsHfisAk; khw;wpf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

mtHfsJ kdq;fspy; ,];yhk; gdpj;Jsp Nghy xl;bf; nfhz;bUe;jJ> vdNt jhd; f\;lk; vd;w ntg;gj;jpy;

cWjpahf epw;f ,ayhky; clNd mtHfs;> nraypoe;jtHfshf Mfp tplf; $batHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;.

,];yhj;jpw;fhf mtHfs; Nghuhl Kd;tutpy;iy> ,e;j cyf tho;f;ifapd; mHg;gj;jpw;fhf jq;fsJ capHfisg;

gpbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;.

,e;j NghH eltbf;ifs;> kw;Wk; myp (uyp) mtHfs; kPz;Lk; kf;fh> kjPdh> akd; Njrj;jpd; Ml;rpiag; gpbj;Jf;

nfhz;ljd; gpd;dH> vd;d ele;jJ vd;gJ gw;wpa rhpahd jfty;fs; ,y;iy. rphpah kw;Wk; vfpg;J Mfpa

gFjpfs; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; trKk;> Vida gFjpfs; myp (uyp) mtHfspd; trKk; ,Ue;jd vd;Wk;>

,jw;fhd Kiwahd mikjp xg;ge;jKk; ,UtUf;FkpilNa Vw;gl;lJ vd;Wk; fUj;Jfs; epytp tUfpd;wd.

Mdhy;> ,J njhlHghd tphpthd jfty;fs; VJk; ,y;iy.

rpg;gPd; Aj;jj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dH KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; vt;thW myp (uyp) mtHfSld; xg;ge;jk; xd;iwr; nra;J

nfhz;lhNuh> mt;thNw ,e;j Aj;j eltbf;iffSf;Fg; gpd;dUk; xU mikjp xg;ge;jj;ij nra;J nfhz;lhH

vd;W $wg;gLfpd;wJ. mjd; %yk; jd;id mtHfs; gyg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf mtfhrj;ijj; Njbf; nfhs;s

Page 235: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

Kbe;jJ. ,jw;fpilapy; K];ypk; cyfpw;F ,uz;L fyp/ghf;fs; ,Uf;f KbahJ vd;gjidAk; mtH czHe;jpUe;j

fhuzj;jhy;> eLtHfspd; jPHg;gpw;Fg; gpwFk; $l mtH jd;id KO ,];yhkpa cyFf;FkhdnjhU fyp/ghthfj;

jd;idg; gpufldk; nra;J nfhs;stpy;iy. Mdhy;> myp (uyp)mtHfspd; neUq;fpa MNyhrfuhfj; jpfo;e;j

mg;Jy;yh ,g;D mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfs; myp (uyp) mtHfSld; fUj;JKuz;ghL nfhz;L nrd;wjd; gpd;dH

,Ue;J> myp (uyp) mtHfs; NkYk; NkYk; gytPdkile;J nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jhHfs;. ,Wjpapy; ,e;j kjPdh>

kf;fs;> akd; Njr Kw;Wifg; NghUf;Fg; gpd;dhy;> myp (uyp) mtHfspd; fuk; NkYk; NkYk; tYtpoe;J nfhz;Nl

nrd;wJ.

,Wjpapy;> myp (uyp) mtHfs; kpfTk; ,ayhj epiyf;Fr; nrd;wjd; gpd;dH> mjid czHe;J nfhz;l KMtpah

(uyp) mtHfs; jd;id KO ,];yhkpa cyfpw;Fkhd fyp/ghthf mwptpj;Jf; nfhs;s KbntLj;jhH. mjid

mwptpg;Gk; nra;jhH. KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; ,e;j mwptpg;G myp (uyp) mtHfisg; NgujpHr;rpf;Fs;shf;fpaJ.

mjid mtuhy; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;Lk; ,Uf;f Kbatpy;iy> ,d;Dk; mjw;F vjpuhf ,uhZt eltbf;ifAk; vLf;f

,aytpy;iy. myp (uyp) mtHfs; kpfTk; ifNrjj;jpw;Fhpa eguhff; fhl;rpaspj;jhH> vd;d nra;tnjd;Nw

mtUf;Fj; Njhd;wtpy;iy. ,iwtd; vd;id Nrhjidf;Fs;shf;fp ,Uf;fpd;whd; vd;W czHe;jhHfs;> ,iwtd;

vjid vd; kPJ tpjpj;jpUf;fpd;whNdh mJ ele;Nj jPUk;> ,iwtd; ehbaJ elf;fl;Lk; vd;W cz;ik

K];ypkhf..> nghWikAld; mjid Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

myp (uyp) mtHfspd; kuzk;

fhhp[pa;ahf;fspd; jpl;lk;

myp (uyp) mtHfs; e`Hthd; Aj;jj;jpy; fhhp[pa;ahf;fis ntw;wp nfhz;bUf;fyhk;> Mdhy; mtHfsJ tho;T

mj;Jld; mz;kpj;j tpltpy;iy. e`Hthd; Aj;jj;jpy; capH jg;gpa rpy fhhp[pa;ahfs; jq;fsJ cwTfis

,oe;jjw;F <lhf> myp (uyp) mtHfisg; gopf;Fg; gop thq;fp tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;w tQ;rf neUg;;G mtHfsJ

cs;sj;jpy; vg;nghOJNk fdd;W nfhz;bUe;jJ.

e`Hthd; Aj;jj;jpw;Fg; gpwF capH gpioj;j fhhp[pa;ahfs; jq;fisg; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf kf;fhtpw;F

te;J mq;F jQ;rkile;J nfhz;lhHfs;. kf;fhit rphpaj; JUg;Gf;fs; Mf;fpukpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j rkaj;jpy;>

kf;fhthrpfs; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;F igmj; nra;J nfhz;lhHfs; my;yth> gpd;dH rphpahthrpfis myp

(uyp) mtHfspd; gilfs; kf;fhtpypUe;J Juj;jp tpl;l nghOJ kPz;Lk; kf;fhthrpfs; myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F

igmj; nra;J nfhz;lhHfs;. ,e;j eilKiwapy; $l fhhp[pa;ahf;fs; tpj;jpahrkhd Kiwapy; mZfpdhHfs;..>

vd;d ,tHfs; igmj; vd;w eilKiwiaf; Nfypf; $j;jhf my;yth Mf;Ffpd;whHfs;. my;yh`;tpd; Ml;rpia

,e;jg; G+kpapy; epiyepWj;Jtij tpl;L tpl;L> jq;fsJ Ra Mjpf;fj;ij my;yth epiyehl;l ,e;j kf;fs;

ghLgl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;W fUjj; jiyg;gl;lhHfs;. vdNt> ahHahnuy;yhk; mjpfhuj;jpw;fhf Ntz;bg;

NghuhLfpd;whHfNsh> mtHfs; midtUk; ghtk; nra;J tpl;ltHfs; vd;W fUjpdhHfs;. my;yh`;tpd; Ml;rpia

epiyehl;l Ntz;Lnkd;why;> ,e;jg; G+kpapy; ahHahnuy;yhk; mjpfhuj;jpw;fhfg; NghuhLfpd;whHfNsh> mtHfs;

midtiuAk; nfhiy nra;tJ $lj; jFk; vd;W mtHfs; jq;fSf;Fs; mjw;fhf epahaj;ijf; fw;gpj;Jf;

nfhz;lhHfs;. vdNt> Kjypy; %d;W Kf;fpa egHfisj; jPHj;Jf; fl;l Ntz;Lk; vd;wnjhU rjpj;jpl;lijj;

jPl;bdhHfs; : me;j %tH : myp (uyp)> KMtpah (uyp)> kw;Wk; mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) MfpNahHfs; MtH.

kf;fhtpy; xd;W $ba fhhp[pa;ahf;fs;> f/ghtpw;F te;J rq;fkpj;jhHfs;. ,e;j jpl;lj;jpid epiwNtw;wpLtjw;fhf

%d;W ,isQHfis mtHfs; epakpj;jhHfs;.

,tHfspy; mg;JH u`;khd; gpd; ky;[k; my; rhpkp vd;gtH> $/ghtpy; ,Uf;Fk; myp (uyp) mtHfisj; jPHj;Jf;

fl;;l epakpf;fg;gl;lhHfs;.

gHf; gpd; mg;Jy;yh vd;gtH> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfisj; jPHj;Jf; fl;Ltjw;fhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhH.

mk;H gpd; mGgf;fH vd;gtH> mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfisj; jPHj;Jf; fl;l epakpf;fg;gl;lhH.

,e;j ,isQHfs; jq;fsJ thl;fis ed;F $H jPl;bf; nfhz;lNjhL> mjpy; tp\j;ijAk; Njha;j;J vLj;Jf;

Page 236: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

nfhz;lhHfs;. gpd;dH> mtutHfSf;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gl;l gzpia epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhf> tpyq;F jd;Dila

,iuiaj; Njbg; Gwg;gLtJ Nghy Gwg;gl;lhHfs;. mtHfs; ukshd; gjpNdohk; ehs; tiuf;Fk; fhj;jpUe;jhHfs;>

me;j ehs; te;jJk; %d;W NgUk; jq;fSf;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gl;l gzpia epiwNtw;Wjw;Fhpa jUzk; ghHj;Jf;

nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;.

KMtpah (uyp) kw;Wk; mtH kPjhd nfhiyj; jpl;lk;

lkh];f]; gs;spapy; g[;H njhOifia KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; ,khkhf Kd;dpd;W elj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;j

nghOJ> gHf; gpd; mg;Jy;yh KMtpah (uyp) mtHfs; kPJ gha;e;jhH. mtH mt;thW gha;e;j khj;jpuj;jpNyNa

mtiu kf;fs; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;. gpbj;j me;j epkplj;jpNyNa mtuJ fhYk;> ehTk; thshy;

Jz;bf;fg;gl;lJ. mjd; gpd;dH NkYk; gy rpj;utij eltbf;iffis mtH kPJ ifahz;L> gpd;dH mtH me;j

rpj;utijapNyNa capiu tpl;lhH.

KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;F Vw;gl;l fhak; Mgj;jhdnjhd;wy;y. NkYk;> me;j fhaj;ij Mw;Wtjw;F ,uz;L

topfis mtuJ kUj;JtH $wpdhH> xd;W me;j fhaj;jpd; kPJ #L Nghl;L Fzg;gLj;JtJ> ,uz;lhtJ

tp\j;ij Kwpg;gjw;Ff; frhak; Fbg;gJ. frhak; Fbg;gjd; %yk; fhaj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l me;j cWg;G

nraypof;f Nehplyhk; vd;w fUj;ijAk; me;j kUj;JtH $wp> VjhtJ xU kUj;Jt Kiwiaj; NjHT

nra;Ak;gbf; $wpdhH. KMtpah (uyp) ,uz;lhtJ kUj;Jt Kiwiaj; NjHT nra;jhH. kUj;Jt rpfpr;irf;Fg;

gpd; rpy ehl;fspy; Fzkile;jhH. mtH Fzkile;jjd; fhuzkhf> fhhp[pa;ahfspd; jpl;lk; jtpL nghbahdJ.

mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) kw;Wk; mtH kPjhd nfhiyj; jpl;lk;

/G];jhj;> gpujhd gs;spapy; itj;Nj mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfis nfhiy nra;tjw;fhf mk;H gpd; gf;H

mtHfs; jahuhfpd;whHfs;. md;iwa jpdk; mtUf;F ey;ynjhU mjpH\;lkhd ehs; NghYk;> mtUf;F tapw;W typ

fz;bUe;j fhuzj;jhy;> mtH md;iwa jpd g[;H njhOifia epiwNtw;w gs;spf;F tutpy;iy. mtUf;Fg;

gjpyhf fH[h gpd; `{j/gh vd;w mtuJ gpujpepjp njhOifia ,khkhf Kd;dpd;W elj;jpdhH. ,jw;F Kd;

mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfis me;jf; nfhiyahsp ghHj;jpuhjjhy;> fH[h mtHfis mk;U vd epidj;Jf;

nfhz;L> tp\k; Njha;e;j thisf; nfhz;L mtiu ntl;bdhH. mk;H ifAk; fsTkhfg; gpbf;fg;gl;L> mk;Ug;Dy;

M]; (uyp) mtHfspd; Kd;dpiyapy; nfhz;L tug;gl;lhH. fH[h mtHfisf; nfhiy nra;jjd; fhuznkd;d

vd;W mthplk; mk;Ug;Dy; M]; (uyp) mtHfs; tpdtpdhHfs;. mjw;F> cz;ikapy; ehd; cq;fisj; jhd; nfhiy

nra;a te;Njd;> fH[h mtHfis ePq;fs; vd epidj;J mtiuf; nfhd;W tpl;Nld; vd;W $wpdhH. mk;Ug;Dy;

M]; (uyp) mtHfspd; cj;jutpd; Nghpy;> rpj;utij nra;ag;gl;L gpd;dH nfhiy nra;ag;gl;lhH. mk;Ug;Dy; M];

(uyp) mtHfis nfhiy nra;Ak; jpl;lKk; epiwNtwhky; KbTf;F te;jJ.

myp (uyp) mtHfisg; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gLjy;

myp (uyp) mtHfisf; nfhiy nra;tjw;fhf epakpf;fg;gl;l mg;JH u`;khd; gpd; Ky;[k; my; rhpkp mtHfs;

Fwpg;gpl;l me;j ehSf;F Kd;gjhfNt $/ghtpw;F te;J NrHe;J tpl;lhHfs;. te;jTld; ,tH> fhhp[pa;ahf;fisr;

NrHe;j fjt;k; vd;w ngz;kzp kPJ fhjy; trg;gl;L tpLfpd;whH. kpf moF tha;e;j ,e;jg; ngz;kzpapd;

jfg;ghdhUk;> rNfhjuUk; e`Hthd; Aj;jj;jpy; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;bUe;jhHfs;. mtHfsJ gLnfhiyf;F tQ;rk;

jPHf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zk; mtsJ vz;zj;jpy; vg;nghOJNk fdd;W nfhz;bUe;jJ. myp (uyp) mtHfspd;

jiyiaj; Jz;bj;J vd; Kd; nfhz;L te;J> mjid k`uhf - jpUkzf; nfhilahff; nfhLj;J vd;id

kzKbj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs; vd;W mg;JH u`;khdplk; $wp tpl;lhs;. Vw;fdNt> ,e;jg; gzpia

epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhfNt te;jpUf;fpd;w mg;JH u`;khd; clNd mtsJ Ntz;LNfhis Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhH. ,e;j

epiyapy;> myp (uyp) mtHfisf; nfhiy nra;tjw;fhf mg;JH u`;khDld; ,d;Dk; ,uz;L fhhp[pa;ahf;fs;

,ize;J nfhz;lhHfs;. mtHfspy; xUtH ntHjd;> ,tH fjt;k; vd;w me;jg; ngz;kzpapd; cwTf;fhuH>

,d;ndhUtH \t;gpg; gpd; gp[;uh..> ,tH md;[h vd;w Nfhj;jpuj;ijr; NrHe;jtH.

ukshd; khjk; gjpNdohk; ehs;> #hpad; cjpf;fhj mjpfhiy g[;H Ntis> ,e;j %d;W rjpfhuHfSk; myp (uyp)

mtHfspd; tUifia vjpHNehf;fpf; fhj;jpUf;fpd;whHfs;. myp (uyp) mtHfs; cs; EioAk; gpujhd miwapy;

mtiu vjpHNehf;fp mtHfs; epd;W nfhz;bUf;f> rpwpJ Neuj;jpy; gs;spthrYf;Fs; myp (uyp) mtHfs;

Eiofpd;whHfs;> me;j mjpfhiy Ntisapy; ntspr;rk; vJTk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy> ,d;Dk; gs;spthrYf;F ,d;Dk;

kf;fs; tuNt Muk;gpf;ftpy;iy. myp (uyp) mtHfs; gs;spf;Fs; te;J njhOiff;fhf jf;gPH fl;baTld;> ntHjd;

vd;gtH myp (uyp) mtHfs; kPJ Xq;fp ntl;bdhH> me;j ntl;L rhpahfg;glhky; ,yf;F jtwpaJ. gpd;dH mg;JH

Page 237: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

u`;khd; jdJ tp\k; Njha;e;j thisf; nfhz;L myp (uyp) mtHfspd; Kd;new;wpapy; ntl;bdhH> Vw;fdNt

mtuJ jiyapy; fhak; gl;bUe;jjhy;> me;jf; fhaj;jpd; topahf ntl;L mtuJ %isiag; gjk; ghHj;jJ. mjd;

gpd;dH> nfhiyahspfs; gs;spthriy tpl;Lk; ntspNawp Xb tpl;lhHfs;.

njhOifahspfs; xUtH gpd; xUtuhf gs;spthrYf;Fs; tu Muk;gpj;j nghOJ jhd;> cs;Ns myp (uyp) mtHfs;

,uj;j nts;sj;jpy; fplg;gijg; ghHf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. nfhiyahspfs; ahuhf ,Uf;Fk; vd;gijf; fz;Lgpbf;Fk;

gzp KLf;fp tplg;gl;lJ. ntHjd; gpbglhky; Nghf;Ff; fhz;gpf;fNt mtiu kf;fs; nfhiy nra;J tpl;lhHfs;.

mg;JH u`;khd; gpbf;fg;gl;L> ifjpahfg; gpbf;fg;gl;L kf;fspd; ghJfhg;gpd; fPo; itf;fg;gl;lhH. %d;whtJ Ms;

$/ghit tpl;Lk; jg;gpr; nrd;W tpl;lhH. mg;JH u`;khd; jdJ nfhiyj; jpl;lj;ijf; $wp> Fw;wj;ij xg;Gf;

nfhz;lhH. ,iwtdJ jpUehkj;ijf; nfhz;L jhd; ehd; mtH kPJ vdJ jhf;Fjiy Muk;gpj;Njd;> ,tH

jdJ mjpfhug; Nghl;bf;fhf Mapuf;fzf;fhd kf;fspd; capiug; gwpj;J ghtpahfp tpl;ltH vd;gjhy; jhd;

mtiuf; nfhiy nra;Njd; vd;Wk; $wpdhH.

jtwhf topfhl;lg;gl;lij mtUf;F czHj;jpa myp (uyp) mtHfs; mtiur; rhgkpl;lhHfs;. gpd;dH> mtH kPJ

ve;j rpj;utijfisAk; Nkw;nfhs;sf; $lhJ vd;W cj;jutpl;lNjhL> mtiug; ghJfhg;ghf itf;Fk;gb myp

(uyp) mtHfs; jdJ NjhoHfisf; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ehd; ,iwtd; cjtpahy; G+uz Fzkile;J

tpl;lhy;> mtUf;F vd;d jz;lid toq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij ehd; jPHkhdpf;fpd;Nwd;. Mdhy;> ehd;

FzkilahkNyNa ,we;J tpl;lhy;> nfhiyahsp jd;Dila capiu ,of;fl;Lk; vd;W $wp tpl;lhHfs;. ,d;Dk;

mtiu xNu ntl;lhy; nfhiy nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;> mtuJ ghfq;fisr; rpijf;fNth my;yJ rpj;utijapd;

fhuzkhfNth mtH kuzj;ijj; jOTk; epiyf;F Mshf;fTk; $lhJ vd;Wk; myp (uyp) mtHfs;

cj;jutpl;lhHfs;.

myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F Vw;gl;l fhak; mtuJ cly; epiyia ntFthfNt ghjpf;f Muk;gpj;jJ. myp (uyp)

mtHfspd; clypy; gha;r;rg;gl;l tp\j; jd;ikia Kwpf;ff; $ba khw;W kUe;J vJTk; Ntiy nra;atpy;iy.

ehSf;F ehs; myp (uyp) mtHfspd; cly; epiy Nkhrkhfpf; nfhz;Nl te;jJ. [dthp khjk; 24 k; Njjp

fp.gp.661 y; myp (uyp) mtHfs; kuzkile;jhHfs;. ,d;dh ypy;yh`p t ,d;dh ,iy`p uh[pCd;.

kuz rhrdk;

kuzj;jpw;F Kd;gjhf myp (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ kuz rhrdj;ij fPo;fz;lthW tbtikj;jhHfs; :

tzf;fj;jpw;Fhpa ,iwtd; my;yh`;itj; jtpu NtW ahUkpy;iy vd;W ehd; kdjhur; rhl;rp gfHfpd;Nwd;.

mtd; jdpj;jtd;. mtDf;F ,izJiz VJkpy;iy.

mtNd K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfisj; jdJ J}juhfTk;> kf;fSf;F NeHtop fhl;LgtuhfTk; mDg;gp

itj;jhd;.

,];yhNk kpfr; rpwe;j khHf;fk;> tho;f;if newp ,d;Dk; mJ midj;Jtpj ek;gpf;iffisAk; (ngha;g;gpj;J)

kWj;J> kw;w khHf;fq;fs; midj;ijAk; kpifj;J tpl;lJ.

ek;Kila njhOif> mw;gzq;fs;> tho;T> kuzk; Mfpa midj;Jk; my;yh`;Tf;F chpaNj.

vd;Dila midj;J Foe;ijfSk;> ,d;Dk; FLk;gj;jpdHfSk; my;yh`;Tf;Fg; gae;J nfhs;Sk;gb

mwpTWj;Jfpd;Nwd;.

,d;Dk; ePq;fs; midtUk; my;yh`;tpd; ghijapy; kuzpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W Mir itf;fpd;Nwd;.

,];yhkpa ,iwek;gpf;ifapy; cWjpahf ,Uq;fs;.

xd;Wgl;L ,Uq;fs;> njhOiffis tpl xw;Wik kpfg; gpujhdkhdJ vd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

$wpapUf;fpd;whHfs; (vd;gij kdjpy; itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;).

cq;fs; ,uj;j cwTfSld; fUizAld; ele;J nfhs;Sq;fs;> mjd; %yk; my;yh`; cq;fs; kPJ

fUizAs;stdhf ,Ug;ghd;.

,iwar;rj;jpy; NeHikiaf; filgpbAq;fs;> ,d;Dk; my;yh`;tpd; tpUg;gj;jpd; Kd; ePq;fs; ruzile;J

tpLq;fs;.

Page 238: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

cq;fsJ jFjpf;F kPwpa xd;wpd; kPJ ePq;fs; Miritf;fhjPHfs;.

vg;nghOJk; cz;ikahsHfshf ,Uq;fs;.

mdhijfs; kPJ ,uf;fj;Jld; ele;J nfhs;Sq;fs;> mtHfsJ tpraj;jpy; my;yh`;itg; gae;J

nfhs;Sq;fs;.

mtHfs; cq;fsplk; cjtpia vjpHghHj;J fhj;jpUf;Fk; tiuf;Fk; ePq;fs; jhkjpf;fhjPHfs;.

cq;fs; fz; Kd;ghf mtHfs; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;w epiyapy;> gpwH mtHfis kpifj;J tpLtij

,l;Lk; ePq;fs; nghLNghf;fhf ,Ue;Jk; tplhjPHfs; my;yJ mtHfs; mr;rg;gLk; msTf;F ele;Jk;

tplhjPHfs;.

cq;fSf;F kpf mUfhikapy; cs;s Rw;wj;jhHfs; tpraj;jpy; ,iwtidg; gae;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. mz;il

tPl;lhHfsJ chpik tpraj;jpy;..> mtHfs; kPjhd chpik ek;kPJ ve;jsTf;F ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;gij

typAWj;jpf; fhl;Ltjw;fhf> vq;Nf ek;Kila nrhj;jpy; $l mtHfSf;Fg; gq;F ,Uf;fpd;wNjh vd;W

epidf;Fk; msTf;F mtHfsJ chpikfisg; gw;wp ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kpfTk; typAWj;jpf;

$wpAs;shHfs; vd;gij mwpe;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.

FHMid Mj;khHj;jkhfg; gpd;gw;Wq;fs;> FHMidg; gpd;gw;Wk; tpraj;jpy;> mjid eilKiwg;gLj;Jk;

tpraj;jpy; nghLNghf;fhf ,Ue;J gpwH cq;fis ghuhf;fhf;fp tpLk; msTf;F nrd;W tplhjPHfs;.

,e;j tpraj;jpy; njhOif vd;gJ ,];yhj;jpy; J}z; Nghd;W Kf;fpakhdJ. ePq;fs; capNuhL ,Uf;Fk;

fhynky;yhk; njhOifia tpl;L tplhjPHfs;.

cq;fsJ capHfisf; nfhz;Lk; kw;Wk; nghUs;fisf; nfhz;Lk; ,iwtopapy; NghuhLq;fs;.

]fhj; vd;w Viothp tpraj;jpy; my;yh`;tpd; jz;lidia cq;fs; kPJ nfhz;L tUk; vd;gJ Fwpj;J

gae;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.

,iwj;J}jH(]y;) mtHfspd; NjhoHfsplk; khpahijahf ele;J nfhs;tJ Fwpj;J ,iwtid mQ;rpf;

nfhs;Sq;fs;> Fwpg;ghf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ capypy; mtHfisg; gw;wp ,J Fwpj;J $wpAk;

,Uf;fpd;whHfs;.

Viofs; kw;Wk; NjitAilNahH tpraj;jpy; my;yh`;itg; gae;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. cq;fsJ rk;gj;Jf;fspy;>

tho;f;if trjpfspy; mtHfisAk; ,izj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

cq;fsJ mbikfSf;F cq;fs; kPJ rpy chpikfs; cs;sd. mtHfsJ chpikfis epiwNtw;wpLq;fs;.

cq;fsJ khHf;fj;ijg; ghpfrpg;gtHfs; Fwpj;J> ePq;fs; mtHfSf;F mr;rg;gl Ntz;lhk;. mtHfs;

cq;fSf;F jPq;fpiof;f ehbdhHfs; vd;why;> my;yh`;Nt cq;fisg; ghJfhf;fg; NghJkhdtdhf

,Uf;fpd;whd;.

,e;j cyf tho;f;ifapy; gpwUf;F cjt Ntz;Lk; vd;w kdg;ghd;ikAld; thof; $batHfshf ePq;fs;

thOq;fs;.

mlf;FKiw Ml;rpahsdpd; mlf;FKiwfis jLj;J epWj;Jq;fs;.

,iwtdpd; fl;lisg; gb ele;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. tho;f;ifapd; vjhHj;jq;fis JzpNthLk; ,d;Dk;

ijhpaj;NjhLk; vjpHnfhs;Sq;fs;.

cq;fsJ topapy; epw;fpd;w jilfisf; fz;L jLkhwp tplhjPHfs;.

ed;ikahd tpraj;jpy; xUtUf;nfhUtH cjtpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. tuk;GkPWfpd;wtHfs; my;yJ tp\kpfs;

tpraj;jpy; ePq;fs; cjtpf; nfhs;s Ntz;lhk;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; FLk;gj;jhHfs; midtH kPJk; ,iwtdpd; ey;yhrpfs; cz;lhfl;Lkhf!

my;yh`;tpd; ghJfhtypd; fPo; mtdplNk cq;fis ehd; xg;gilf;fpd;Nwd;.

`]d; (uyp) mtHfs; ,uq;fw; nra;jp

myp (uyp) mtHfspd; kuzj;jpid mLj;J mtuJ Gjy;tH `]d; (uyp) mtHfs; xU ,uq;fw; nra;jpahf

Page 239: History of the rightly guided caliphs in tamil

fPo;f;fz;lthW $wpdhHfs; :

X..! gD} Kuhj; Nfhj;jpuj;jpd; topnfLf;fg;gl;ltHfNs..!

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F kpfTk; neUf;fkhdnjhU kdpjiu ePq;fs; nfhd;W tpl;BHfNs..!

ePq;fs;nra;j Fw;wk; kpff; nfh^ukhdJ.

K];ypk; r%fj;ijNa ePq;fs; mdhijahf;fp tpl;BHfNs..!

,iwek;gpf;ifahsHfspd; jsgjpia ePq;fs; rha;j;J tpl;BHfNs..!

Kd;khjphpkpf;fnjhU kdpjiu my;yth ePq;fs; nfhd;W tpl;BHfs;>

mtiur; Rw;wpAs;s kdpjHfSf;F jiytuhfTk;> mtHfs; JtOk; nghOJ mtHfisj; jhq;Fk; NjhshfTk;

my;yth mtH jpfo;e;jhH.

ehk; thOk; ,e;jf; fhyj;jpy; kpfr; rpwe;j tPukpf;f kdpjH mtH.

kpfr; rpwe;j fy;tpahsH> mtH ,];yhj;jpw;Fr; nra;j msg;ghpa Nritfs; kwg;gjw;Fhpajd;W>

mtuJ kfj;Jtj;ijg; gw;wp FHMdpy; Fwpg;Gfs; cs;sd.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSk; $l mtuJ rpwg;Gj; jd;ikfs; gw;wpAk; rpyhfpj;Jf; $wpAs;shHfs;

,d;Dk; FHMd; ,wq;fpa fz;zpakpf;f ,e;j khjj;jpy; mtiu ePq;fs; nfhiy nra;jpUf;fpd;wPHfs;.

,d;Dk; md;iwa jpdj;jpy; jhd; ,iwj;J}jH <]h (miy)mtHfis my;yh`; jd;dstpy; caHj;jpf;

nfhz;lhd;.

epr;rakhf> vtDila iftrk; vd;Dila capH ,Uf;fpd;wNjh mtd; kPJ rj;jpakhf> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfis kpifj;j kdpjH vtUk; ,y;iy> NeHikapYk; ,d;Dk; ,iwek;gpf;ifapYk; mtiu tpl

gpd;gw;wj;jf;f kdpjnuhUtH vtUk; ,g;nghOJ fpilahJ.

mtuJ Mj;kh rhe;jpailal;Lkhf..!

ey;ylf;fk;

jd;Dila mlf;fj;jsk; kpfTk; ufrpakhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W myp (uyp) mtHfs; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

mtHfSf;F gy tpjq;fspYk; vjphpfs; ,Ue;jhHfs;> mtuJ cly; fz;zpaf; Fiwthf ,opTgLj;jg;gl;L tpLNkh

vd;W mr;rk; nfhz;lhHfs;. rpy mwptpg;Gfspd; mbg;gilapy;> myp (uyp) mtHfspd; cliy xl;lfj;jpd; kPJ

fplj;jp> $/ghtpw;F ntspNa nfhz;L nrd;whHfs;. $/ghtpw;Fj; njw;Nf rpy iky;fs; nrd;wjd; gpd;dH> xl;lfk;

xU ,lj;jpy; epWj;jg;gl;lJ. me;j ,lj;jpy; kpfTk; ufrpakhd Kiwapy; myp (uyp) mtHfsJ cly; ey;ylf;fk;

nra;ag;gl;lJ. mtuJ kz;ziwapd; kPJ ve;jtpjkhd fl;llNkh> milahsNkh itf;fg;gltpy;iy. ,d;Dk;

ek;gpf;iff;Fhpa kpfr; rpyiuj; jtpu NtW ahUf;Fk; mtuJ mlf;fj; jsk; njhpahJ.

xU mwptpg;gpd;gb> myp (uyp) mtHfs; ,we;J E}W Mz;Lfs; fope;jjd; gpd;dH> mg;gh]paf; fyp/gh `h&d; u\pj;

mtHfs;> $/ghtpw;F ntspNa khd; Ntl;ilahlr; nrd;whHfs;. khd;fs; kpFjpahf thof; $ba me;jg; gFjpapd;

gf;fk; Ntl;il eha;fs; nry;y kWj;jd> ,iuiag; gpbf;ftpy;iy. mg;nghOJ> ,jd; fhuzk; Fwpj;J `h&d;

u\pj; mtHfs; jdJ NjhoHfsplk; tpdtpa nghOJ> ,e;jg; gFjpapy; jhd; myp (uyp) mtHfs;

mlf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;W $wpdhHfs;. mg;nghOJ jhd; mq;F myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F xU epidTf;

fl;blk; mq;F vOg;gg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ. mjidr; Rw;wp cUthdJ jhd; ,d;iwa <uhf;fpd; e[/g; gFjpahFk;

vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

nfhiyahspapd; ,Wjp KbT

myp (uyp) mtHfspd; tpUg;gj;jpw;F khwhf me;jf; nfhiyahsp elj;jg;gl;lhH. myp (uyp) mtHfs; mtiu ve;jtpj

rpj;utijAk; nra;ahJ> xNu ntl;by; mtiuf; nfhy;y Ntz;Lk; vd;W jhd; cj;jutpl;bUe;jhHfs;. Mdhy;

me;jf; nfhiyahspNah> myp (uyp) mtHfisf; nfhd;wjd; %yk; jhd; ,];yhj;jpw;F kpfg; nghpa Nritiar;

nra;J tpl;ljhf ngUikNahL jk;gl;lk; mbf;f Muk;gpj;jhd;. ,jdhy; Mj;jpuKw;w K];ypk;fs;> myp (uyp)

mtHfspd; tpUg;gj;jpw;F khwhf> mtiur; rpj;utij nra;J nfhd;whHfs;.