Caliphs of Islamic Empire

Caliphs of Islamic EmpireConquest, dynasties, and exansionCaliphsuccessor to MuhammadExpanded territory of Islam

1st CaliphMuhammad dies in 632Followers chose successorAbu Bakr 1st CaliphDaughter was one of Muhammads wivesFriend of Muhammad

Arab ConquestIslamic movement grew much during Abu Bakrs reignRomans expanding Italy, Muslims expanding ArabiaConquest encouraged by QuranJihad=defensive warfareNext CaliphAbu Bakr died No clear successorsUmar A-Khattah was 2nd caliphAssassinatedUthmar was 3rd caliphAssassinated

UmayyadsCivil warSupporters of Abu Bakr vs. supporters of MuawwiyyahMuaw becomes caliphKnown for his virtueI never use my sword when my whip will do, nor my whip when my tongue will doMade office of caliph hereditaryMoved capital from Medina to DamascusBeginning of Umayyad dynastyUmayyad DynastyConquestConquered people along Mediterranean coast of northern AfricaSoldiers scene as ideal citizensThose defeated kept land but paid rent to MuslimsAttempted attack on Constantinople to defeat Byzantine EmpireMuslims lostUneasiness would continue between 2 empires

Split in IslamRevoltShiite MuslimsMuhammad appointed successor'Ali ibn Abi Talib, husband of the Prophet's daughter FatimahBelieve in free willSunni MuslimsFollow hadiths (teachings to go along with Quran)Believe Muhammad appointed no successorAbu Bakr, father of the Prophet's favored wife, 'A'ishah (elected by people of Medina)Believe human actions are controlled by Allahs willMajority in Muslim world todayAbbasid Dynasty750-Abu al-Abbas (descendant of Muhammads uncle) overthrew Umayyad dynastyBuilt new capital city at BagdadAll Muslims could hold both civil and military officeHaran al-RashidBest known of caliphsGolden Age of Abbasid dynastyKnown for his charitySupported artists and writers

Abbasid Dynasty

Same ProblemsFighting over successorHarun al-Rashids sons fought to succeed himAlmost destroyed city of BagdadVast wealth led to financial corruptionShortage of qualified Arabs for key positionsRecruited Persians and Turks Rulers of provinces broke away and formed independent dynastiesSeljuk TurksConverted to IslamProspered as soldiers during Abbasid dynastyMoved in on Arab empire1055 took over BagdadSultan holder of power

MongolsLed by Genghis KhanAdvanced across Asia and Middle EastDestroyed everything in their pathReached Red SeaEventually converted to Islam and intermarried with local peoplesEnd of great Arab EmpireReview:Another name for a successor of Muhammad is:1. Umayyad2. Mosque3. Caliph4. ShiiteReview:What are the two major sects of Islam?1. Abbasid and Umayyad2. Sunni and Shiite3. Abu Bakr and Muaw4. Muhammadism and MuslimReview:Which Islamic Dynasty would have experienced a golden age? (Remember, a golden age is a time with great intellectual, artistic, and societal achievements Athens during Pericles reign)1. Muhammad2. Umayyad3. Seljuk Turks4. Abbasid