BY – VISHU SHARMA

KEY INTERFACE BETWEEN DRIVER AND VEHICLE

SET OF MECHANISM USED TO CONTROL THE PATH FOLLOWED BY VEHICLE

ALLOW DRIVER TO GUIDE THE VEHICLE

CONVERTS ROTARY MOTION INTO ANGULAR TURN OF WHEELS

MULTIPLIES EFFORT OF DRIVER

PROVIDES DIRECTIONAL STABILITY

OPTIMIZE TIRE LIFE BY PROPER TIRE TO ROAD CONTACT

HOUSES SAFETY DEVICES LIKE AIRBAGS

ABSORBS PART OF ROAD SHOCKS

RELATIVE NO. OF TURNS OF STEERING WHEEL TO MOVEMENT OF WHEELS

SIZE OF PINION GEAR AND NUMBER OF TEETH ON GEAR DETERMINES STEERING RATIO

EFFECTS RESPONSE OF VEHICLE

HEAVIER

VEHICLES HAVE

HIGHER STEERING

RATIO

MORE TURNING

OF STEERING

WHEELS

RESULTS IN

LESSER EFFORT

LIGHTER

VEHICLES HAVE

LOWER STEERING

RATIO

LESS NO. OF

TURNS

REQUIRES MORE

EFFORT TO TURN

SIZE OF STEERING WHEEL RELTIVE SIZE OF GEARS IN

STEERING GEAR SIZE AND SHAPE OF STEERING

LINKAGES PERCENT OF VEHICLE WEIGHT

PLACED ON FRONT WHEEL FRONT WHEEL OR REAR WHEEL

DRIVE

CASTER ANGLE

CAMBER ANGLE

STEERING AXIS INCLINATION

TOE

THRUST ANGLE

TURNING RADIUS

SUSPENSION HEIGHT

ANGLE B/W VERTICLE LINE AND

KINGPIN CENTRELINE (FROM S.V.)

FUNCTIONS

SELF CENTRING ACTION

STRAIGHT LINE STABILITY

EXCESSIVE CASTER MAKES STEERING HEAVIER, LESS RESPONSIVE AND INCREASED EFFORT

INWARD OR OUTWARD TILT OF WHEEL (FROM F.V.) FUNCTIONS

+VE CAMER LOWER

STEERING EFFORT

-VE CAMBER

IMPROVES GRIP

EXCESSIVE CAMBER

CAUSES INCREASED

TIRE WEAR, REDUCES

STRAIGT LINE

ACCLERATION

ANGLE B/W VERTICLE LINE AND KINGPIN CENTRELINE (FROM F.V.)

FUNCTIONS

HELPS IN

STEERING

RETURNABILITY

AFTER A TURN IS

COMPLETED

REDUCES

STEERING EFFORT

REDUCES TIRE

WEAR

SYMMETERIC ANGLE B/W WHEELS AND AXIS OF VEHICLE

FUNCTIONS

TOE IN INCREASES

STRAIGHT LINE

STABILITY AT

COST OF TURNING

RESPONSE

GREATER THE TOE

FASTER THE TIRE

WEARS

TOE-IN TOE-OUT

ANGLE B/W GEOMETRIC CENTRELINE AND THRUST LINE

FUNCTIONS

OCCURS WHEN REAR

WHEEL HAS

IMPROPER

ALIGNMENT

EFFECTS DIRECTION

OF TRAVEL BY

CAUSING PULL IN THE

DIRECTION AWAY

FROM THRUST LINE

The turning circle of a car is the diameter of the circle described by the outside wheels when turning on full lock. There is no hard and fast formula to calculate the turning circle but you can get close by using this

Turning circle radius = (track/2) + (wheelbase/ sin(average steer angle))

SYSTEM AUTOMATICALLY STEERS THE REAR WHEELS ACCORDING TO SPEED OF VEHICLE AND STEERING ANGLE.

USED IN MILITARY, OFF ROAD VEHICLES, BUSES, TRUCKS AND LARGE VAHICLS

INCREASES HANDLING AND STABILITY

REDUCES TURNING RADIUS

VEHICLE STEERS BY POWER ASSIST

FROM EXTERNAL SOURCE OTHER

THAN DRIVER’S EFFORT

HELPS IN STEERING OF HEAVY

VEHICLES

INCREASES THE STEERING RATIO

AND REDUCES DRIVER’S EFFORT

TWO MAJOR TYPES – HPS AND EPS

Thank you