VIDHYADEEP INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

SUBJECT: Automobile Engineering

TOPIC : Steering System

DEPARTMENT : Mechanical Engg.

Group Member

Name Enrollment Number

Patel Hiten P. 130943119008Patel Lateshkumar H. 130943119009Patel Sanketkumar U. 130943119010

Guide by : Mr.Ritesh.N.Patel

Introduction

The steering system allow the driver to control the direction of vehicle travel.

The following are the secondary function of steering system:(1) It provides directional stability of vehicle when going straight ahead.(2) It provides straight ahead recovery after completing a turn.(3) It helps in controlling wear and tear of tyres.(4) It converts the rotary movement of the steering wheel into an angular turn of the front wheels

The following are the requirements of a good steering system.

(1) The steering mechanism should be very accurate and easy to handle.(2) The vehicle should be steered with a minimum of effort so that the

driver does not feel driving fatigue.(3) The steering mechanism should be affected by the side thrusts,

cornering forces and wind effects.(4)The mechanism should have a tendency to regain the straight ahead

configuration after steering need is over.

Camber

Camber is the tilt of the car wheel from the vertical.The tyre life will be maximum when camber angle is zero.Caster is also know as wheel rake.

Effect: Excessive camber causes improper contact of the wheel.

Amount: most manufactures specifyA very small camber. Usually 2º to 3º fromStraight up and down.

Positive Camber Angle

Compound belt drive If tiles outward it is positive camber angle.Positive camber angle Primarily used on front wheels.

Reasons to use Positive Camber s

Negative Camber Angle If tiled inward it is negative camber angle.Negative camber angle Primarily used on rear wheels.

Reasons to use Negative Camber Increased cornering ability.

Increases road shock & component wear.

Caster

The angle between the king pin Centre line and the vertical ,in the plane of the wheel is called caster angle.

Effect: Incorrect caster can produceDifficulties like hard steering, Pulling to one side when brakes areApplied.

Amount: It will be about 3º

Positive Caster Angle

The caster is called positive when the top of the king pin axis is inclined to the rear of the wheel.

Benefits of positive casterHelps to maintain directional stability.

Helps to return wheels to straight ahead after being steered.

Negative Caster Angle

If toping of the king pin axis is incline to the front of the vehicle, it is called negative caster angle.

Benefits of negative caster

wheel is easier to turn.

King Pin Inclination

The angle between the vertical line and center of the king pin or steering axle, when view from front

vehicle, is known as king pin inclination.

Effect :It is reduces steering effort particularly when vehicle is stationary. It reduces tyre wear also.

Amount: The king pin inclination in vehicles ranges from 6°to 8°.It must be equal to both sides.

Toe-in

Toe-in is the amount by which the front wheels are set closer together at the front than at the rear when the vehicle is stationary.

front = 79 in. rear = 80 in. Total toe-in = 1 in

79”

80”

Toe-Out

The wheel may be set closer at the rear than at the front in which case the difference of the distance between

the front wheels at the front and at the rear is called toe-out.

front = 80 in.rear = 79 in. Total toe-out = 1 in