stanley yip - low carbon cities in china: from policies to economics
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Low Carbon Cities in China: From Policies to Economics
Stanley YipDirector, Planning & Development
Arup China
SUPPORTED BY:
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中国的历史机遇China’s Historical Opportunity
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Chinese Cities: Challenges are Opportunities
24%China’s urbanization in 1985
43%China’s urbanization in 2006
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250,000China’s private car number in 1985
17millionChina’s private car number in 2005
Chinese Cities: Challenges are Opportunities
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2 billion sq. m. Total annual new construction area in China( nearly half of the total amount of the world )
Chinese Cities: Challenges are Opportunities
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Oil consumption Electricity consumption CO2 emission 3.6times 4.3times 2.2times
The growth of energy consumption between 1985-2005
Chinese Cities: Challenges are Opportunities
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Policy Framework for Low Carbon Cities in China
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China’s 11th Five Year Plan (2005 to 2010)
Unit GDP energy consumption to be reduced by
20% from 2005 to 2010COPYRIGHT PROTECTED
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22 September 2009 United Nations Climate Change Summit
Energy efficiencySignificant reduction of Unite GDP CO2 emission intensity from 2005 to 2020
Renewable EnergyNon-fossil energy contributes 15% of primary energy supply by 2020
Carbon Sink and ReforestationIncrease of 40 million ha of forest coverage from 2005 to 2020
Green EconomyPromote low carbon green economy, technological research and development.
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• From 2005 to 2020reduction of unit GDP CO2emission intensity by 40%to 45%
• The target will be included as mandatorytargets for mid to long term socio-economicplanning. Set up statistics, monitoring andassessment systems.
• By 2020, non-fossil fuel will contribute 15%of energy supply
• Increase of 40 million ha of forest coveragefrom 2005 to 2020
25 November 2009 China State Council Decisions
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China’s Response:Low Carbon Eco-cities
13Dongtan Eco-City, China上海东滩生态城
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Tianjin Eco-City天津生态城
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Changchun
Tangshan
Tianjin
Shanghai
Beijing
Changsha
Qingdao
Wuhan
Tianjin
Langfang
Chongqing
Recent Low Carbon Planning Projects in China
Wuxi
Zhengzhou
Harbin
Shenzhen
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Low Carbon Eco-cities:Connectivity
ICT Total Global Impacts : 7.8 GtCO2e per year , 15% from BAU
(in 2020*)
Level 1:Industry Direct Impacts
(PC.s, infrastructure, data centre)
Level 2: Impacts on Economic Sector Activities
Level 3: De-materialization
*(Source: The Climate Group 2008)
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Impact on Economic Processes: Reduction of 5.2 GtCO2e per year
Smart logistics: 1.52 GtCO2eSmart buildings: 1.68 GtCO2eSmart grids: 2.03 GtCO2eSmart industrial processes: 0.97 GtCO2e
(Source: The Climate Group 2008)
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The impact of De-materialization: Reduction of 460 MtCO2e/year
Online media: 20 MtCO2e/yearE-commerce: 30 MtCO2e/yearE-paper: 70 MtCO2e/yearVideo-conferencing: 80 MtCO2e/yearTele-commuting: 260 MtCO2e/year
(Source: The Climate Group 2008)
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Planning for a Connected City:Key Players in Urban Development Process
• Local City Government• Land Development Company • Building Developers• Users and Consumers• Industry: ISP, telecom
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Urban Development ProcessMaster Land Use Plan总体规划
Regulatory Zoning Plans控规
Site Plan修规
Building Plan 建筑方案
Connectivity
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Enabling the market… • Policy Making: City-wide ‘Carbon Emission’
Accounting; Connectivity Target• Infrastructure: Communication infrastructure
development as part of land development process• Planning Permission: Site/building connectivity
facilities and access to households• Market : Tele-commuting, E-business and E-
commerce, etc
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. . . shaping a better worldConfidential & Proprietary
Thank you !
Stanley Yip, Director (Planning & Development)Ove Arup & [email protected]