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V i l l e Sa lo

November 2012

Work ing Repor t 2011 -46

Results of Monitoringat Olkiluoto in 2010

Foreign Materials

Vi l l e Sa lo

Pos iva Oy

Work ing Report 2011 -46

Results of Monitoringat Olkiluoto in 2010

Foreign Materials

Working Reports contain information on work in progress

or pending completion.

November 2012

Base maps: ©National Land Survey, permission 41/MML/12

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Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2010, Foreign materials ABSTRACT This report focuses on foreign materials introduced to ONKALO. These foreign materi-als are not part of the engineered multi-barrier system or the natural environment. All the allowed materials introduced to ONKALO are included in the material handbook. All materials used in ONKALO 2010 are listed in this report. During 2010 the ONKALO access tunnel was excavated from the chainage of 4059 to the chainage of 4570 and the total excavated volume in 2010 was 29652 m3. During the years from 2004 to 2010 the total excavated volume was 227490 m3. This report also summaries the total amount of foreign materials used in ONKALO since 2004. All waters used during the excavation of ONKALO have been pumped up to the surface into a sedimentation pool. In 2010 water samples were taken from sedimentation pool and from the outlet ditch. The chemistry of these waters can indicate us how the foreign materials have effected on the undisturbed groundwater chemistry. Keywords: Foreign materials, disposal of spent fuel, monitoring, Olkiluoto, ONKALO.

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ONKALOn monitorointi raportti 2010: Vieraat aineet TIIVISTELMÄ Tässä raportissa käsitellään ONKALOon vuoden 2010 aikana vietyjä materiaaleja. Vie-raat materiaalit ovat ONKALOn rakentamisessa käytettäviä aineita, jotka eivät kuulu moniesteperiaatteeseen eivätkä kallioperään. Kaikki ONKALOssa käytettäväksi sallitut materiaalit on listattu materiaalikäsikirjassa. Tässä raportissa on esitetty kaikki vuoden 2010 aikana ONKALOn rakentamisessa käytetyt vieraat materiaalit. Vuoden 2010 aika-na ONKALOn ajotunneli eteni paalulta 4059 paalulle 4570, louhitun kalliotilavuuden ollessa 29652 m3. Vuosina 2004 - 2010 louhitun kallion kokonaistilavuus on 227490 m3. Tässä raportissa esitetään myös kaikki ONKALOn rakentamisen alusta vuodesta 2004 lähtien käytettyjen vieraiden aineiden määrät. Kaikki ONKALOn rakentamisen aikana käytetty vesi pumpataan maanpinnalle sedi-mentaatio altaaseen. Vuonna 2010 vesinäytteitä otettiin sedimentaatioaltaasta, purku-putken päästä ja purkuojasta. Näiden vesien kemian muutokset ennakoivat vieraiden materiaalien vaikutuksia perustilan vesikemiaan. Avainsanat: Vieraat materiaalit, käytetyn ydinpolttoaineen loppusijoitus, monitorointi, Olkiluoto, ONKALO.

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TABLE OF CONTENT ABSTRACT TIIVISTELMÄ 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 2 2 FOREIGN MATERIALS AND MATERIAL HANDBOOK .............................................. 4

2.1 Foreign materials .................................................................................................. 4 2.2 Material handbook ................................................................................................ 4 2.3 Allowed foreign materials ...................................................................................... 5 2.4 Forbidden foreign materials .................................................................................. 5 2.5 Quality control ....................................................................................................... 7

3 MATERIALS AND AMOUNT USED IN ONKALO ........................................................ 8

3.1 Safety level A ........................................................................................................ 8 3.1.1 Cement, concrete and additives .................................................................... 8 3.1.2 Organic compounds ..................................................................................... 11 3.1.3 Nitrogen compounds .................................................................................... 11 3.1.4 Other inorganic compounds ......................................................................... 12

3.2 Safety level B ...................................................................................................... 12 3.2.1 Metals .......................................................................................................... 12 3.2.2 Other materials ............................................................................................ 12

4 MONITORING OF ONKALO CONSTRUCTION ....................................................... 14

4.1 ONKALO process waters .................................................................................... 14 4.2 Sedimentation pool and discharge tube ............................................................. 15

5 DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................ 21 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 22 Appendix 1 .................................................................................................................... 24 Appendix 2 .................................................................................................................... 30

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1 INTRODUCTION

In July 2004 Posiva began to construct an underground rock characterization facility called ONKALO, which was planned to reach the characterisation level at –420 m by the end of year 2009. The construction of ONKALO and subsequently the construction of the repository, will affect the surrounding rock mass and the groundwater flow sys-tem as well as the environment. In December 2003 a programme for monitoring at Olkiluoto during construction and operation of ONKALO was presented (Posiva 2003). A summary of the observations and measurements is reported annually for each topic. Foreign materials is one part of the monitoring system, others are rock mechanics, hydrogeology, hydrogeochemistry and environment. The aim of this report is to give an overview of the progress of monitoring the foreign materials. This report presents the monitoring of foreign materials introduced into ONKALO since the start of construction in June 2004. Juhola 2005, Vuorio 2006, Ju-hola 2007, Juhola 2008 and Kasa 2011 presented the earlier results and progress of the foreign materials monitoring. The current foreign materials monitoring schedule is pre-sented in Table 1. Table 1. The monitoring schedule of foreign materials during 2004-2012. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012Use of Foreign materials

amount Sedimentation pool

EC and pH -monitoring Groundwater samplings

Discharge tube EC and pH -monitoring Groundwater samplings

Leaking structures and fractures

Groundwater samplings

Continuous (on line) Continuous (weekly) Continuous (monthly)

Four times a year Measuring campaigns

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The underground parts of ONKALO consist of a system of exploratory tunnels accessed via a tunnel and three shafts named hereafter: an inlet air ventilation shaft (IAVS), an outlet air ventilation shaft (OAVS) and a personnel shaft (PS). It has been planned that in the future ONKALO will be part of the spent nuclear fuel repository (Saanio et al. 2006). At the end of 2010 ONKALO's access tunnel was situated at the chainage of 4570 at the level of -434 m. Each tunnel chainage is one metre long. In 2010 the mined tunnel volume was 29652 m3. The total mined volume of ONKALO tunnel was 227490 m3. The progress of the ONKALO access tunnel and shafts are presented in Figure 1. No shafts were bored in 2010 but IAVS was grouted from level -283 to level -379 and PS from level -333 to level -437. Access tunnel was experimentally grouted with Sili-caSol in chainages 3019 and 4372.

Figure 1. The progress of access tunnel, air inlet and outlet ventilation shafts and per-sonnel shaft at end of 2010 in ONKALO.

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2 FOREIGN MATERIALS AND MATERIAL HANDBOOK

2.1 Foreign materials

Foreign materials, referred also as engineering or stray materials, are those that are nei-ther part of the engineered barrier system (e.g. bentonite, copper canister) nor of the natural environment (rock material or groundwater). Some of the introduced foreign materials will be removed in different cleaning processes before backfilling, but some will necessarily remain in the future repository (Hjerpe 2003). The amount of remaining foreign materials has been estimated in Hjerpe (2003). These estimations have been updated by Hagros (2007) and Karvonen (2011). The latest up-dated estimations are based on the new repository layout produced in 2010 and consider the latest plans for grouting and rock support. Also amount of foreign materials used until September 2006 have been taken into account. The most significant updates are the amount of materials used in grouting, shotcreting,support bolts and certain accessory minerals and organic materials of clay. Foreign materials remaining in ONKALO mostly consist of cement used for grouting and shotcreting to stabilise the ceilings and the walls of the excavation (Vieno et al 2003). The estimated amount of grouting and shotcrete cement introduced in ONKALO is about 11442 tons (Karvonen 2011). Approximately 20-25 % of pre-grouting materials are estimated to be removed during the excavation process. In this report the total amounts are reported, because the estimation of the removable amounts is inaccurate. According to present knowledge it is possible to remove shotcrete before backfilling. Another potentially harmful group of foreign materials consists of hydrocarbons, urine and nitrogen compounds from explosive residues and organic materials. Some of the organic materials are estimated to originate from the ventilation air. A great amount of impurities of ventilation air will be filtered (Posiva 2008). Other major sources of or-ganic materials that will remain in ONKALO include cement additives, for example superplasticizers. Superplasticizers are used to improve the workability of shotcrete and grouting cement (Posiva 2003). Disadvantages of the use of foreign materials are dis-cussed in Vuorio 2006 and in Juhola 2005. As all the materials are not measurable, the amounts of these are based on estimations. These materials include rubber from tyres, exhaust fumes from diesel engines, hydraulic and lubricants oils, urine and other human waste. These amounts are not estimated here but are available in Karvonen 2011.

2.2 Material handbook

The material handbook is a collection of documents providing information of the mate-rials allowed in ONKALO. It includes separate instructions for the use of each material, material safety data sheets (MSDS) and other relevant information. These materials have been divided into two safety levels: Safety level A (the highest safety level) in-cludes materials, which could have impact on long-term safety. Materials in safety class

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B have no detrimental influence on long-term safety according to present knowledge. Safety level A includes cementitious materials and additives, organic compounds, inor-ganic nitrogen compounds and other inorganic compounds. Safety level B includes metals and other materials. Material handbook is saved electronically in Posiva’s Kronodoc-system and is so avail-able when needed. Every worker in ONKALO is obliged to check that the material needed is included in the material handbook and in the list of allowed materials. The instructions for introduction of a new material are found in the material handbook. A new material can be approved for the use in ONKALO, if it is not harmful for long-term safety and it has been evaluated to be suitable for ONKALO conditions. Its func-tionality for ONKALO conditions must have been tested. For a material in the safety level A the disadvantages of its use must be less than the possible disadvantages if it is not used. The material handbook has been updated during 2010. Materials that are not in use anymore have been removed from the material handbook and some material safety data sheets have been updated. Also all special instructions have been checked and updated.

2.3 Allowed foreign materials

At the end of 2010 the material handbook listed 167 allowed materials, 129 in safety level A, 15 in safety level B and 23 in temporarily used materials. All the allowed mate-rials at the end of 2010 are listed in Appendix 1 in Tables 1.1 to 1.4. Materials that are not in use anymore (e.g., allowed time for its use expired or a substituting material was found) have been removed from the material handbook. In the Tables of Appendix 1 there are also the names of the manufacturers, in general products are named only by their trade names. Also the purpose of the use has been mentioned. Some materials could be allowed only for short period of time and these temporarily used materials have also been presented in Table 1.4 of Appendix 1. Some restrictions apply to the use of the allowed materials for example, materials can be used for the purpose they are accepted, i.e. motor oils can only be used in vehicles. In general permission to use the material is restricted in certain area that can be enlarged later if needed, e.g. Mastertop 450 is used as hardening agent for flooring (ONK-004571). This procedure minimises the number of possible chemicals in ONKALO.

2.4 Forbidden foreign materials

At the end of 2010 there were 35 forbidden materials listed and these are presented in Table 2. The forbidden materials were not suitable for ONKALO conditions and may be harmful for long-term safety. All the suggested materials which are not accepted are listed in the forbidden materials list (ONK-101127). Reasons for not allowing using some material may vary, for instance if a material contains more harmful components than a similarly functioning substitute, obviously the material containing fewer harmful

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components will be accepted. Sometimes a substitute material, which is better for the long-term safety, was found. Table 2. Materials forbidden to be used in ONKALO. Name of the material Reason for rejection Finnsementti Perus-Parmix Includes lignosulphate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport

Rescon Mapei Sprut 34 Better alternative found

Masterbuilders Rheocem 800T Better alternative found Masterbuilders Rheocem 800SR

Better alternative found

Masterbuilders Rheobuilt 2000PF

Better alternative found

Rescon Mapei Mikrocem 800 Better alternative found Rescon Mapei Mikrocem 650 SR

Better alternative found

Rescon Mapei Mapefluid 400 N Better alternative found

Windscreen washing agents Only Lasol allowed

Würth marking paint Better alternative found

AQUA Master marking paint Better alternative found

Marking paint Mercalin RS Better alternative found

Tikkurila Oil based red paint Better alternative found

Tikkurila Siroplast 2 roofpaint Better alternative found

Finnsementti VB-Parmix Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport

Hilti HIT-HY 150 Forbidden in ONKALO design plan.

Semtu Oy Structuro 111X Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport CC-Company CC de-icing agent

Includes chlorides, causes copper corrosion and disturbs ONKALO monitoring

Finnsementti Megacement Better alternative found

Würth WIT-C100/200 Includes organic material

Polylac ABS Braking springs Includes organic material All manufacturers for polycarboxylate

Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport

Finnsementti Elementti-Parmix Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport

Finnsementti Vario-Parmix Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport

Finnsementti Elementti-S Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport

Semtu Adva Flow Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport

Sika Sikament Eco 12 Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport

BASF Glenium Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport

Finnsementti Super-Permix Superplasticizer for grouting, better alternative found

Bozetto Group Flube OS 39 Better alternative found

Bozetto Group Flube CA 40 Better alternative found

Forcit Oy Ab plug Includes polystyrene, causes copper corrosion

Sormat Oy ITH 300EA, 380EA Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport

BASF Mastertop 100 Better alternative found Kemira Oyj Kemwater PAX-XL60

Includes chlorides, causes copper corrosion and disturbs ONKALO monitoring

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2.5 Quality control

As a part of ONKALO construction quality control, the use of foreign materials is con-trolled. In 2010 internal auditing was carried out in March (ONK-105702) and Septem-ber (ONK-106550). There were signs of general untidyness in warehouses, outdated maps and phonebooks and some undeclared materials in ONKALO. The undeclared materials were removed from ONKALO and measures were taken to improve tidyness and replace outdated material. There were eight oil leakages in ONKALO in 2010 and these have been handled as nonconformities. Oil leaks have been presented in Table 3. All the oil was adsorbed and collected away. Table 3. Oil leaks in ONKALO in 2010.

Date Chainage in ONKALO

Machine Oil Vol [l]

Collected away

14.4.2010 3360 Shotcreting machine Hydraulic oil 1 All 19.4.2010 ? Tamrock Axera Hydraulic oil 40 All 7.6.2010 ? Grouting machine Hydraulic oil 5 All 10.6.2010 3560 Shotcreting machine Hydraulic oil 5 All 29.8.2010 4390 Excavator Hydraulic oil 35 All 5.9.2010 3200 Volvo A30E Hydraulic oil 13.5 All 25.9.2010 3700 Valtra tractor Hydraulic oil 1 All 14.10.2010 4000 Cat 980 Hydraulic oil little All

The acceptance limits for the use of foreign materials have been defined. These limits have been calculated from estimations by Karvonen (2011). Instructions have been pro-vided for cases where limits are exceeded and for the application of the CEIC proce-dure. CEIC procedure has been discussed in Juhola 2005. Migration of the dissolved foreign materials in groundwater was monitored at several locations. All water used in ONKALO was pumped up on the ground and led into sedi-mentation pool. Residue oil is removed from the water before it enters the sedimenta-tion pool. The quality of the water in the sedimentation pool and at the end of the discharge tube has been monitored weekly through pH and electrical conductivity (EC) measurements as well as sodium fluorescein analyses. In addition there are four sampling locations along the outlet ditch after the end of the discharge tune where field measurements of pH and EC are carried out. Results are reported in Chapter 4.

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3 MATERIALS AND AMOUNT USED IN ONKALO

Karvonen (2011) has re-estimated the quantities of foreign materials remaining in the different part of ONKALO and the repository at the time of backfilling. These estima-tions per excavated cubic meter are included in Tables 5 and 6. The categorization of the materials in this report complies with the one used in the ma-terial handbook stored in ONKALODOC. The materials used in ONKALO during 2010 are reported in the following chapters.

3.1 Safety level A

3.1.1 Cement, concrete and additives

In the ONKALO tunnel Cementa Ultrafin 16 (UF-16) was used as grouting cement. SR cement on the other hand was not used in grouting this year. The additives were Grout Aid, Mighty 150 and CaCl2. In Table 4 can be seen separately all grouting materials in 2010. The amounts are also given in Table 5 separately for access tunnel and shafts. In Appendix 2 the graphs are presented for used amounts per yearly quarter. Air inlet ventilation shaft was grouted from level -283 to level -374. Grouting of the personnel shaft access progressed to 3rd stage and grouting took place from level -333 to level -437. To avoid high pH cementitious plume, a lower pH cement has been developed. Posiva has been developing low-pH (≤11) cement as a joint project between Posiva, SKB and NUMO (Ahokas et al. 2006). In this project Posiva was responsible for developing a low-pH cementitious grout for fractures of hydraulic aperture over 100 µm. Posiva has continued the development work within the R20 programme by further laboratory test-ing and field tests (Arenius et al. 2008). Posiva, SKB, Nagra and NUMO have a joint project to study long-term safety aspects of superplasticizers. The main long-term safety issue of concern is whether the super-plasticizers or other organic additives in cement might affect the transport properties of radionuclides (Andersson et al. 2008). No pluggings were done in 2010. SR-cement was used for soldering anchor and support bolts. These amounts are presented in Table 5. Since 2005 ONKALO has been shotcreted systematically. The material used is SR-cement and the additives used are Mapequick AF2000, Super Parmix and Parmix Silica. The amount of used shotcrete in 2010 is given in Table 5. Colloidal silica called silica sol has been studied and tested in ONKALO for the sealing of fractures with a small hydraulic aperture. The release of silica colloids from the silica sol gel, the stability of silica colloids and sorption of Eu-152 on silica colloids were studied (Hölttä and Hakanen 2008, Hölttä et al. 2009).

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Tab

le 4

. Gro

utin

g m

ater

ials

in O

NK

AL

O in

201

0.

C

hai

nag

e C

emen

tC

emen

t A

dd

itiv

e A

dd

itiv

e A

dd

itiv

e M

ater

ial

Ad

dit

ive

Rem

arks

D

ate

U

F16

S

R-

cem

ent

Gro

ut

Aid

M

igh

ty

150

CaC

l 2

Sili

ca

So

l N

aCl

[m]

[kg

] [k

g]

[kg

] [k

g]

[kg

] [k

g]

[kg

]

6.1.

2010

30

32

3445

4777

23

7 29

4

P

erso

nnel

sha

ft 3r

d st

age

from

leve

l -33

3 to

-37

5 9.

6.20

10

3032

51

92

7268

35

1 43

9

P

erso

nnel

sha

ft fr

om le

vel -

375

to -

437

18.6

.201

0 30

19

3363

80

7 S

ilica

Sol

gro

utin

g 5.

8.20

10

4372

18

3 37

A

cces

s tu

nnel

Sili

caS

ol g

rout

ing

10.8

.201

0 43

72

891

178

Acc

ess

tunn

el S

ilica

Sol

gro

utin

g

26.8

.201

0 30

32

1916

2683

13

0 20

3

In

let a

ir ve

ntila

tion

shaf

t fro

m le

vel -

283

to

leve

l -34

3

16.9

.201

0 30

32

486

68

1 33

41

In

let a

ir ve

ntila

tion

shaf

t fro

m le

vel -

287

to

leve

l -29

3

16.1

2.20

1030

32

3721

681

302

315

Inle

t air

vent

ilatio

n sh

aft f

rom

leve

l -3

44

to le

vel -

379

To

tal

1196

0 0

1665

0 85

8 10

14

4652

10

65

9

10

Table 5. Cementitious materials and additives used in ONKALO. The total used amount from the beginning of construction are detailed separately for ONKALO and for ONKALO including open cut).

Materials ONKALO 2010

Total ONKALO 2004-2010

Total ONKALO and open cut

ONKALO 2010 VOLUME = 227490 m

3

Amount Dry

weight Amount Dry

weight Amount Dry

weight 2004-2010

Estima-ted

[kg] [kg] [kg] [kg] [kg] [kg] [kg m-3] [kg m-3]

Grouting

Cements

Ultrafin16 (tunnel) 0 410293 425652 1,80

Ultrafin16 (shafts) 14760 105757 105757 0,46

SR-Cement (tunnel) 0 18880 18880 0,08

SR-Cement (shafts) 0 390 390 0,00 Grouting cement total 14760 535320 554980 2,35 2,08

Additives

Set Control II 0 3480 1566 3741 1683 0,02

SP-40 0 3176 1270 3242 1297 0,01

Grout Aid (tunnel) 0 106564 53282 106564 53282 0,47

Grout Aid (shafts) 20561 10281 90374 45187 90374 45187 0,40

Mighty150 (tunnel) 0 4181 1672 4181 1672 0,02

Mighty150 (shafts) 1053 421 4376 1750 4376 1750 0,02

CaCl2 (tunnel) 0 2374 855 2374 855 0,01

CaCl2 (shafts) 1251 450 3306 1190 3306 1190 0,01

Plugging

Cements

Ultrafin16 0 6161 6161 0,03

SR-Cement 0 402 402 0,00

Rapid-cement 0 0 7122 0,00

Plugging cement total 0 6563 13685 0,03

Shotcrete

Cements

Megacement 0 0 1290 0,00

Rapid-cement 0 29660 29660 0,13

SR-Cement 531513 2917678 2917678 12,83

Shotcrete Total 531513 2947338 2948628 12,96 31,78

Additives

Structuro 111X 0 1952 1952 0,01

AF2000 32428 16214 133907 66954 133907 66954 0,59

Parmix Silica 29013 17408 148462 89077 148462 89077 0,65

Super-Parmix 13608 5443 58596 23438 58596 23438 0,26 Shotcrete additives total 75049 39065 342916 181421 342916 181421 1,51 3,45

Cement for anchor and support bolts               

Cements

SR-Cement 23036 108100 108100 0,48

Rapid-cement 0 0 4251 0,00 Cement for solders total 23038 108100 112351 0,48 0,72

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3.1.2 Organic compounds

Some of the cement additives can also be organic compounds but these have been clas-sified to the same group with cement. Geological measurement points were marked in ONKALO with AT-marking paint. In 2010 56 L paint was used, the total amount used during construction is 1348 L. Different kinds of organics oils, such as lubricants, anti-freeze solutions and fuel were used in the vehicles in ONKALO. The amount of used fuel oil and diesel oil used in ONKALO was reported for the last three quarters of 2010 and are 105986 L and 24702 L, respectively.

3.1.3 Nitrogen compounds

Nitrogen compounds are mainly come from explosives. Explosives manufactured by Forcit Oy were used in the ONKALO tunnel. Mainly bulk-emulsion explosives were used in ONKALO. These bulk-emulsion explosives included Kemiitti 810 as matrix and fumigant. Depending on the recipe, also acetic acid could be used. Acetic acid is a cata-lyst of blasting and without it the fumigation of blasting could be incomplete if the tem-perature in ONKALO is too low. Amount of all used explosives are presented in Table 6. Although acetic acid is an or-ganic compound it is also presented in this group. A summary of the explosives used in tunnel in 2010 is provided in Appendix 2. The amount of explosives per yearly quarter is given in graphical form.

Table 6. Amount of used explosives in 2010. Estimations are made by Karvonen (2011).

Materials [unit]

ONKALO 2010

Total ONKALO 2004-2010

Total ONKALO

and open cut 2004-2010

ONKALO 2004 - 2010

VOLUME = 227490 m3

Amount Amount Amount Used

[kg m-3] Estimated

[kg m-3]

Caps [pcs] 23459 173791 174504 0,76 pcs/m3 0,7 pcs/m3

Cords [m] 4588 34435 36061

Anite [kg] 0 2401 3728 0,01

F-pipe [kg] 0 2399 2400 0,01

Kemix-A cartridge [kg] 24303 51848 51848 0,23

Kemix-A pipecharge[kg] 0 227402 227418 1,00

Dynamite [kg] 0 0 744

Kemiitti 810 matrix [kg] 94511 586164 586164 2,58

Kemiitti 810 fumigant [kg] 1679 9750 9750 0,04

Nobel Prime [kg] 0 77185 77185 0,34

Explosives total [kg] 120493 957149 959237 4,21 3,8

Acetic Acid 100% [kg] 7 595 595 0,00

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3.1.4 Other inorganic compounds

Coordinate measured support bolts have been paint earlier with Falu red ochre paint, but the paint was changed in year 2008. Since that these marks have been painted with AT-marking paint.

3.2 Safety level B

3.2.1 Metals

Support bolts and hot-dip galvanized reinforcement bars were used for rock reinforce-ment. Support bolts have been made of acid-proof stainless steel (HST), stainless steel (RST) or hot-tip galvanized steel (kZn). Krampe Harex fibres were used with shotcret-ing. Used amount of metal components are reported in Table 7. No stud bolts, wedge anchors or brass sleeves were installed in ONKALO in 2010. Mine nets were installed to the ceiling of demonstration tunnel 1.

3.2.2 Other materials

Sodium fluorescein has been used as a tracer for the drilling water i.e. process water. Measurements results for the concentration of sodium fluorescein are reported in chap-ter 4. Used amount of it hasn’t been reported because almost all of it is sluiced away. Ikasorb 1030 is an absorbent and has been used after oil leak if needed. Used Ikasorb 1030 has been removed from ONKALO and amount of use were not reported.

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Table 7. Metal component and amount used in ONKALO in 2010.RST = stainless steel, HST = acid-proof stainless steel, kZn = hot-dip galvanized steel.

2010

Total ONKALO 2004-2010

Total ONKALO + open cut 2004-2010

Support bolts [pcs] A500HW HST 25*3000 21 3170 3260 A500HW HST 25*4000 0 64 308 A500HW HST 25*5000 0 25 27 A500HW HST 32*2500 0 0 2 A500HW HST 32*3000 0 0 2 A500HW HST 32*4000 0 0 21 A500HW HST 32*4500 0 0 123 A500HW HST 32*6000 0 8 62 A500HW kZn 25*5000 12 12 12 A500HW RST 25*3000 1830 5063 5063 A500HW RST 25*4000 119 119 119 A500HW RST 25*5000 23 23 23 A500HW HST (Stud bolts) 0 5162 5162 A500HW kZn (Stud bolts) 0 294 294 A500HW RST (Stud bolts) 0 1236 1236 CT-bolt L3000 kZn 361 2101 2101 Sormat PFG M10 wedge anchor 0 200 200 Brass sleeve (150 mm * 28 mm) 0 3 3 Kiiruna Bolts L3000 RST 1392 5778 5778

Shotcrete fibres [kg] ZCF-03-35 0 90 90 Krampe Harex 50416 51047 51047 Dramix 0 153697 153697

Mine nets [kg] AISI 304 8276H 1426 1426 1426

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4 MONITORING OF ONKALO CONSTRUCTION

4.1 ONKALO process waters

All process waters used in ONKALO are pumped from the Korvensuo reservoir. A tracer, sodium fluorescein is added in the water in order to enable identification of the remaining amount of process water in real groundwater samples. The concentration of sodium fluorescein used in process waters is 250 μg/L. The concentration of sodium fluorescein is controlled by regular sampling of process water. In 2010 samples of process water were collected once a week according to Posiva's working instructions. The results of the analyses are presented in Figure 2. So-dium fluorescein concentration in process water has mainly varied between the values of 200 and 260 μg/L. One lower concentration of sodium fluorescein was found in March. This was due to running out of the main solution of sodium fluorescein (as can be seen from the analysis results of sodium fluorescein in the sedimentation pool and at the end of the discharge pipe taken the same day, Figure 7.). To avoid this kind of non-conformity in the future, regular checking of the main solution tank will be done more often. However, it can be concluded that automatic dilution of process waters is reliable enough, but requires constant monitoring to ensure that technical problems are detected. Samples from the main solution were taken after sodium fluorescein had been added in the main solution container. The analysis process of the main solution will remain un-changed and process water samples will be taken once a week.

Figure 2. Results of sodium fluorescein analyses of process waters in 2010.

15

4.2 Sedimentation pool and discharge tube

All waters used during the excavation of ONKALO are pumped up to the surface into a sedimentation pool after the removal of residual oil from the water. From the sedimenta-tion pool the water flows through an outlet pipe to the outlet ditch. The locations of the sedimentation pool, the discharge tube (outlet pipe) and the outlet ditch are presented in Figure 3. In addition to the four measuring points along the ditch, samples have also been taken at the end of the discharge tube. The distance from the discharge tube to the first measuring point (measuring point 1) is approximately 5 m. The second (measuring point 2) is located approximately 100 m and the third (measuring point 3) is 200 m away from the discharge tube. The fourth (measuring point 4) is at a distance of about 500 m from the discharge tube.

Figure 3. The location of the sedimentation pool, the outlet pipe and the four measuring points in the outlet ditch. The end of the discharge tube is five meters south of the first measuring point.

16

The quality of the water in the sedimentation pool and in the discharge tube has been monitored weekly through pH and Electrical Conductivity (EC) measurements as well as sodium fluorescein analyses. In addition, water samples (Class A water samples) have been collected four times a year from the sedimentation pool and the end of the discharge tube according to instructions given in Lamminmäki et al. 2009. The chemical results for the sedimentation pool are shown in Table 8 and for the end of the discharge tube in Table 9. In 2010 the sampling program stayed the same as in 2009. The results of field pH measurements for all sampling points are presented in Figure 5. The pH of the water pumped out has varied from slightly alkaline to highly alkaline in both the sedimentation pool and in the outlet ditch, and follows roughly the same pat-tern as last year 2009 (Kasa 2011). Groundwater hydrogeochemistry analyses results from ONKALO in 2010 have not yet been reported. The chemistry of groundwater in ONKALO has been compared with the chemistry in sedimentation pool. The baseline conditions have been reported in Anders-son et al. 2007. The influence of grouting cement and shotcrete can be seen in the re-sults of pH and conductivity in the sedimentation pool. Also the influence of blasting can be seen in NO2, NO3 and N-tot concentrations in sedimentation pool. In the baseline conditions recorded for the groundwater in ONKALO the NO2, NO3 and N-tot concen-trations were very low (under 1 mg/L). The NO2, NO3 and N-tot concentrations in sedimentation pool have been presented in Figure 4.

Figure 4. NO3, NO2 and N-tot concentrations in sedimentation pool in 2010.

17 T

able

8. A

naly

sis

resu

lts

of w

ater

sam

ples

take

n fr

om s

edim

enta

tion

poo

l.

pH

C

on

du

ctiv

ity

So

diu

m

flu

ore

scei

n

DIC

D

OC

T

ota

l alk

alin

ity,

H

Cl u

pta

ke

Car

bo

nat

e al

kali

nit

y,

HC

l up

take

T

ota

l ac

idit

y,

NaO

H u

pta

ke

HC

O3

(mS

/cm

) (µ

g/l)

(m

g/l

) (m

g/l

) (m

mo

l/l)

(mm

ol/l

) (m

mo

l/l)

(mg

/l)

10.3

.201

0

9.6

0.52

21

0 7.

0 3.

7 1.

28

0.34

78

19.5

.201

0

8.6

0.58

18

7.

9 3.

6 0.

94

<0.

05

57

1.9.

2010

9.

6 2.

00

85

7.8

6.2

2.12

1.

07

129

24.1

1.20

10

9.0

0.80

23

0 9.

0 4.

3 1.

11

0.16

68

C

l B

r S

O4

S-t

ot

NO

3

NO

2

N-t

ot

Al

Na

K

Ca

Mg

F

e-to

t S

iO2

NH

4

So

lid

m

atte

r S

r

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

10.3

.201

0

72.9

0.

4 74

25

14

0.

5 6

<0.

05

57

8.8

39

6.33

0.

010

11

.6

1.49

83

0 0.

25

19.5

.201

0

79.8

0.

4 61

20

13

0.

5 4

58

4.

98

38

5.22

0.

107

4.

0 1.

97

0.

24

1.9.

2010

42

3 2.

0 13

6 45

13

0 4.

8 48

<

0.05

24

8 18

.4

117

8.47

0.

014

15

.1

18.7

5

84

1.05

24.1

1.20

10

169

1.1

76

25

7 0.

4 3

<0.

05

86

7.34

49

7.

61

0.00

5

5.9

0.57

33

000

Tab

le 9

. Ana

lysi

s of

the

resu

lts

of s

ampl

es ta

ken

from

the

end

of d

isch

arge

tube

.

pH

C

on

du

ctiv

ity

So

diu

m

flu

ore

scei

n

DIC

D

OC

T

ota

l alk

alin

ity.

H

Cl u

pta

ke

Car

bo

nat

e al

kali

nit

y.

HC

l up

take

T

ota

l ac

idit

y.

NaO

H u

pta

ke

HC

O3

(mS

/cm

) (µ

g/l)

(m

g/l

) (m

g/l

) (m

mo

l/l)

(mm

ol/l

) (m

mo

l/l)

(mg

/l)

10.3

.201

0

9.6

0.73

21

0 5.

8 3.

8 1.

17

0.25

71

.4

19.5

.201

0

7.8

1.51

41

15

.0

5.6

1.55

0.

05

<0.

05

94.6

1.9.

2010

9.

0 2.

68

39

9.8

6.0

1.65

0.

39

101

24.1

1.20

10

9.5

0.84

22

0 5.

1 4.

0 0.

9 0.

2 54

,9

Cl

Br

SO

4 S

-to

t N

O3

NO

2

N-t

ot

Na

K

Ca

Mg

F

e-to

t S

iO2

NH

4

Sr

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

10.3

.201

0

121

0,5

82.4

27

29

0.

93

9.9

79

10.3

44

.4

6.2

0.00

9

12

1.46

0.

34

19.5

.201

0

350

1.6

94.5

31

42

2.

4 14

21

9 8.

72

84.4

9.

25

0.01

2

7.56

3.

91

0.71

1.9.

2010

63

0 3.

1 16

4 53

12

0 5.

7 42

34

4 21

.3

131

12.9

0.

008

16

.2

23.1

5

1.29

24.1

1.20

10

189

1.2

75.5

25

12

0.

77

4.5

94

8.83

48

.8

6.66

0.

006

7.

95

1.6

17

18

Figure 5. Results of field pH measurements for the sedimentation pool, the end of the discharge tube and the open ditch (measuring points 1 to 4). Measuring locations of the points have been presented in Figure 3. There are missing data points in Figure 5 because water was frozen in the outlet ditch (Measuring points 1 - 4) both in the beginning and in the end of the year 2010. One can deduce from Figure 5 that highest pH values were measured in the sedimentation pool and at the end of the discharge tube and measuring point 1. Highest pH in the outlet ditch was found at the measuring point 1. The pH of the water primarily fluctuated be-tween the values of 7 and 12. The high pH values are the result of grouting and shotcreting in ONKALO. In the ditch pH of the water at measuring points 2 and 4 was weakly acidic from the beginning of April to the middle of May and again weakly acid-ic in November. The shotcreting in the ONKALO tunnel in 2010 was a continuous process and a lot of cement was used. So far the high pH values have not constituted a risk to the environ-ment, because high pH values are neutralized soon after the water reaches the ditch. The EC values of water samples taken from the sedimentation pool and from the end of the discharge tube behave in a similar way as illustrated in Figure 6. In general the EC results varied between the values of 39 and 394 mS/m. There is one extraordinary data point of 585 mS/m from the sedimentation pool recorded at 9.6.2010. The EC value recorded for the end of the discharge tube at the same day was 370 mS/m. Measured pH values were 12.3 and 11.7 for the discharge tube and sedimentation pool, respectively. Therefore no reliable explanation can be given.

19

The amount of groundwater from the ONKALO tunnel still plays a minor role in the total amount of water pumped out, because the process waters mix with groundwater. The amount of leaking groundwater in ONKALO is reported in monitoring report of hydrology (Vaittinen et al. 2012).

Figure 6. Results of the EC measurements in the sedimentation pool and at the end of the discharge tube in 2010. Note that EC values are expressed as mS/cm. Figure 7 shows the sodium fluorescein results for the sedimentation pool and for the end of the discharge tube. Sodium fluorescein decomposes under the influence of UV light. Therefore the sodium fluorescein concentrations in the summertime are slightly smaller than the concentrations in the winter.

20

Figure 7. Results of sodium fluorescein analyses in the sedimentation pool and at the end of the discharge tube in 2010. Sodium fluorescein analysis results for process water are shows as a comparison.

21

5 DISCUSSION

The way of listing and counting foreign materials in different groups has remained the same from 2009. The most common foreign material introduced to ONKALO is cement and its additives. In 2010 ONKALO access tunnel was experimentally grouted with SilicaSol at the chainages of 3019 and 4372. Inlet air ventilation shaft was grouted from level -283 to level -379 and personnel shaft form level -333 to level -437 with UF-16 cement. SR-cement was used for shotcreting and soldering bolts to rock. The amount of cement used in shotcreting compared that used in grouting was several orders of magnitude higher. No pluggings were carried out in 2010. Migration of the dissolved foreign materials in groundwater was monitored by taking water samples from the sedimentation pool, at the end of the discharge tube and from four separate measuring locations along the outlet ditch. All the water used in ONKALO is pumped up on the surface and collected in the sedimentation pool after residual oil has been removed. As expected the highest pH values were measured in the sedimentation pool and at the end of the discharge tube. The highest pH in the outlet ditch was found at the measuring point 1 as expected. The pH of the water primarily fluctuated between the values of 7 and 10. There were also some increases noted in the electric conductivity values in water sam-ples when grouting and shotcreting took place in ONKALO. In general the EC results varied between the values of 39 and 394 mS/m i.e., the range was one order of magni-tude. The migration of the dissolved reaction products of the blasting materials can be seen in sedimentation pool when the measured values of NO2, NO3 and N-tot concentrations are compared with the ones measured during the baseline determinations (< 1 mg/L). Sodium fluorescein was added as a tracer from the stock solution so that its' concentra-tion in the process water was 250 g/L. Sodium fluorescein concentration in the outlet water has generally been less than 200 g/L in the sedimentation pool and it varied be-tween 0 and 100 g/L at the end of the discharge tube, excluding a few outliers.

22

REFERENCES

Andersson, J., Ahokas, H., Hudson, J., Koskinen, L., Luukkonen, A., Löfman, J., Keto, V., Pitkänen, P., Mattila, J., Ikonen, A.T.K. and Ylä-Mella, M. 2007. Olkiluoto site description 2006. Posiva Report 2007-03. Andersson, M., Ervanne. H., Glaus, M., Holgersson, S., Karttunen, P., Laine, H., Lot-henback, B., Puigdomenech, I., Schwyn, B., Snellman, M., Ueda, H., Vuorio, M., Wie-land, E. and Yamamoto, T. 2008. Development of methodology for evaluation of long-term safety aspects of organic cement paste components. Posiva Working Report 2008-28. Ahokas, H., Ahokas, T., Hansen, J., Hellä, P., Lehtinen, A., Koskinen, K., Koskinen, L., Löfman, J., Marcos, N., Meszaros, F., Partamies, S., Pitkänen, P., Sievänen, U., Snell-man, M. and Vieno, T. 2006. Control of water inflow and use of cement in ONKALO after penetration of fracture zone R19. Posiva Working Report 2006-45. Arenius, M., Hansen, J., Juhola, P., Karttunen, P., Koskinen, K., Lehtinen, A., Lyytinen, T., Mattila, J., Partamies, S., Pitkänen, P., Raivio, P., Sievänen, U., Vuorinen, U., Vuo-rio, M. 2008. R20 Report - Groundwater inflow management in ONKALO - the future strategy. Posiva Working Report 2008-44. Hagros, A. 2007. Foreign Materials in the Repository - Update of Estimated Quantities. Posiva Working Report 2007-17. Hjerpe, T. 2003. Engineered and stray materials in the underground rock characterisa-tion facility ONKALO – Estimation of quantities at the time of the backfilling. Posiva Working Report 2003-48. Hölttä, P. and Hakanen, M. 2008. Silica colloids and their effect on radionuclide sorp-tion - A literature study. Posiva Working Report 2008-29. Hölttä, P., Hakanen, M. and Lahtinen, M. 2009. Silica colloids and their effect on radi-onuclide sorption - Experimental study. Posiva Working Report 2009-26. Juhola, P. 2005. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2004. Foreign Materials. Posiva Working Report 2005-27. Juhola, P. 2007. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2006. Foreign Materials. Posiva Working Report 2007-54. Juhola, P. 2008. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2007. Foreign Materials. Posiva Working Report 2008-26. Juhola, P. 2009. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2008. Foreign Materials. Posiva Working Report 2009-46.

23

Karvonen, T. 2011. Foreign Materials in the Repository - Update of Estimated Quanti-ties. Posiva Working Report 2011-32. Kasa, S. 2011. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2009. Foreign Materials. Posiva Working Report 2010-46. Lamminmäki, T. and Lehtinen, A. 2009. Posivan vesinäytteenoton kenttätyöohje. Posi-va Työraportti 2009-34. (in Finnish with an English abstract). Paaso, N. (ed.), Mäntynen, M., Vepsäläinen, A. and Laakso, T. 2003. Posivan vesinäyt-teenoton kenttätyöohje. Rev.3. Posiva Työraportti 2003-02 (abstract in English). Pitkänen, P., Partamies, S., Lahdenperä, A-M., Penttinen, T., Lehtinen, A., Hirvonen, H., Lamminmäki, T. and Hatanpää, E. 2008. Results of monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2007. Hydrogeochemistry. Posiva Working Report 2008-24. Pitkänen, P., Partamies, S., Lahdenperä, A-M., Pedersen, K., Penttinen, H., Ahokas, T. and Lamminmäki. T. 2009. Results of monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2008. Hydrogeochemistry. Posiva Working Report 2009-44. Posiva Oy. 2003. Programme of monitoring at Olkiluoto during construction and opera-tion of the ONKALO. Posiva 2003-05. Posiva Oy. 2008. ONKALO - Main drawings in 2007. Posiva Working Report 2008-01. Saanio, T., Kirkkomäki, T., Keto, P., Kukkola, T. and Raiko, H. 2006. Loppusijoitusti-lojen esisuunnitelma – Vaihe 2. Posiva Working Report 2006-93. (in Finnish). Vaittinen, T., Ahokas, H., Klockars, J., Nummela, J., Penttinen, T. and Tammisto, E. 2009. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2008. Hydrology. Posiva Working Report 2009-43. Vaittinen, T., Ahokas, H., Klockars, J., Nummela, J., Pentti, E., Penttinen, T., Pöllänen, J., Tammisto, E., Karvonen, T. and Lindgren, S. 2012. Results of monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2010, Hydrology. Posiva working report 2011-43. Vieno T., Lehikoinen, J., Löfman, J., Nordman, H. and Mészáros F. 2003. Assessment of disturbances caused by construction and operation of ONKALO. Posiva 2003-06. Vuorio, M. 2006. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2005. Foreign Materials. Posiva Working Report 2006-58.

24

Appendix 1 Table 1.1. Allowed organic materials in safety level A in ONKALO 2010; part 1.

Purpose of use Trade name Manufacturer Marking paint AT-marking paint AT-tuote

Non-freezing solution GlycoShell Shell

Windshield cleaning agent Lasol 100 Berner Automotive Compressor oil Mobil Nuto H32 Exxon

Lubricant Grease Centra W Shell

Transmission oil Spirax AX 80W-90 Shell

Motor oil Helix Ultra motor oil 5W-40 Shell Transmission oil for automatic transmission Donax YB brake fluid Shell

Motor oil Universal Engine Oil Shell

Motor oil Rimula X Oil 10W-30 Shell

Grease Retinax Grease HDX2 Shell Protective agent fir grouting equipments Form Oil 5 Shell

Hydraulic oil Tellus Oil S 68 Shell

Lubricant Torcula Shell

Zinc spray Maston Zinc spray Maston

Cleaning agent for vehicles PS-10 JL-Tuotteet

Brake fluid Donax TA Shell

Water softener (cleaning vehicles) Kärcher RM 110 ASF Ultra Kärcher Oy

Fuel Thermo City. winter/summer Shell

Drainage pipe under shotcrete Drainage pipe (PE foam) Almacon Oy

Densiphalt coating mixture Densiphalt Densit a/s For raising boring machine. lubri-cant for bar thread Bestolife 3010 Ultra Bestolife Co For raising boring machine. derusting agent CRC Brakleen CRC For raising boring machine. cog-wheel and gear oil Gear Way G5 80 W-90 Svenska Statoil For raising boring machine. de-greasing agent Rapsgul Gotlands Bioenergi AB For raising boring machine. hy-draulic oil Tellus Oil TX 46 Shell For raising boring machine. lubri-cant Retinax EP 2 Shell For raising boring machine. joint-ing material Silicone Bostik AB For raising boring machine. lubri-cant Gleitmo WSP 5000 Gleitmo Technik AB For raising boring machine. hy-draulic oil Bartran SHF - S46 BP Smörjmedel

Diesel engine oil CAT DEO 15W-40 Exxonmobil

25

Diesel engine oil CAT DEO 10W-30 Exxonmobil

Hydraulic oil CAT Hydraulic Oil SAE 10 W Exxonmobil

Hydraulic- and transmission oil CAT Multipurpose Tractor Oil (MTO) Exxonmobil

Transmission oil CAT TDTO 30 Exxonmobil

Coolant CAT ELC Premix 50/50 Exxonmobil

Additive of hydraulic oil CAT Hydraulic Oil Additive Exxonmobil

Coolant for Land Rover Korrek Coolant G30 Korrek (Berner Oy automotive)

Transmission oil for Land Rover Castrol SMX-S Nordic Lubricants

Brake fluid for Land Rover Castrol Response DOT 4 Nordic Lubricants Power steering liquid for Land Rover Castrol TQ Dextron III Nordic Lubricants

Universal grease for Land Rover Swivel Housing Grease STC 3435 Land Rover

Fire foam Ecopol Bio Ex SA Silicone foam 3-6548 silicone RTV foam Dow Corning SA Lubricant Corena D 46 Shell

Cooling oil Sigma Fluid S-460 KAESER Kompresso-ren GmbH

Lubricant SRS Grease 4000 Shell Acetic acid for emulsion blasting Acetic acid Algol Chemicals Oy Grease for percussion hammer Chisel Paste Fuchs Lubritech GmbHIn-situ rock stress measurement: Solvent for cleaning the sensor Acetone VWR International In-situ rock stress measurement: Solvent for cleaning the sensor T-Röd Kemetyl AB In-situ rock stress measurement: Component A to fix the sensor Glue 3 00305 A Gelb E. Epple & Co. GmbH In-situ rock stress measurement: Component B to fix the sensor Glue 3 00305 B Blaub E. Epple & Co. GmbH In-situ rock stress measurement: Fixing the joint of the cable White vaselin Svenska Statoil AB In-situ rock stress measurement: Liquid for the compass Petroleum Spirit Alcro-Beckers AB In-situ rock stress measurement: Lubricating the ball bearing CRC-5-56

CRC Industries Europe bvba

Washing agent for vehicles AD-Super Wash washing agent Noso-Tuote Oy Washing agent for vehicles Glass Clean CRC Lubricant Silicone CRC Lubricant 5-56 CRC Cleaning agent Brakleen CRC Lubricant Multilube CRC

Centralized lubrication grease Alvania Grease EP(LF)0 Shell Cleaning agent for the mainte-nance of plug pins

Special-lubricant for the mainte-nance

Mennekes Elektrotech-nik

Copper paste Copper paste CU800 Würth

26

Table 1.1. Allowed organic materials in safety level A in ONKALO 2010. part 2.

Purpose of use Trade name Manufacturer Hydraulic oil Hydraulic oil 46S Teboil

Diesel engine oil Mobil Delvac Super 1400 10W-30 Exxonmobil

Automatic transmission oil Mobil ATF Exxonmobil

Grease Mobilux EP2 Exxonmobil

Transmission oil Mobilube LS 85W-90 Exxonmobil Transmission oil Spirax MB90 Shell Transmission oil Spirax MA 80W Shell Lubricant Retinax Grease EP2 Shell Transmission oil Shell Donax TD 10W-30 Shell

Motor oil Rimula R4L 15W-40 Shell Cleaning agent Industol PE2 IS-VET Oy Centralizer in Posiva Flow Log Centralizer of Posiva Flow Log Etra Rubber sheet in Posiva Flow Log Posiva Flow Log rubber disc Kumijaloste Oy Tapes in Posiva Flow Log AT8 Floor marking tape Advancetapes Tapes in Posiva Flow Log 3M vinyl tape 471 3M in Finland Tapes in Posiva Flow Log tapes Teippikeskus Oy

Sealant in Posiva Flow Log Molykote 111 Dow Corning Corpora-tion Corporate Center

Joint grease ENSTO joint grease SR 1 Ensto Sekko Oy NDT testing materials Bycotest RP20 Bycosin AB NDT testing materials Bycotest D30 Bycosin AB NDT testing materials Bycotest C5 Bycosin AB Water insulation of SRS pools at -284 m level

Sulin Plastic Mortar Sulin Oy

Semi glossy & glossy spray paints Würth blue and black Würth Oy Surface material for floors Densiphalt Densit a/s Motor oil Shell Rimula R6LM 228,51 Shell

Transmission oil Shell Rimula R3 10W (API CD) Shell

Axel oil Shell Spirax A90LS Shell

Hydraulic oil Shell Tellus Oil S46 (ISO VG46) Shell

Transmission oil Shell Tegula Oil 32 Shell

Cooling agent GLYCOShell Longlife Concen-trate

Shell

Motor oil Neste Turbo LXE 15-40 Neste

Transmission oil Neste ATF-X Neste

Lubricant Neste hypoidi LF Neste

Hydraulic oil Neste hydraulic S32 Neste

27

Table 1.2. Allowed cement, concrete and additives; inorganic nitrogen compounds and inorganic compounds in safety level A in ONKALO 2010.

Safety Level A

Cement. Concrete and additives Purpose of use Trade name Manufacturer Additive in grouting Cementa Set Control II Cementa AB

Superplasticiser in grouting Scanchem SP-40 Sika Norge

Additive in grouting GroutAid Elkem ASA

Cement for grouting Ultrafin 16 Cementa AB

Cement for shotcrete SR-cement Finnsementti Oy

Accelerator in shotcrete Mapequick AF-2000 Rescon Mapei

Additive in shotcrete Super-Parmix Finnsementti Oy

Superplasticiser in grouting Mighty 150 Scancem Chemicals AS

Shotcrete additive Parmix-Silika Finnsementti Oy

Flooring material hardening agent Mastertop 450 BASF Oy

Accelerator in grouting Calcium chloride CaCl2 Nedmag B.V

Colloidal silica for grouting Meyco MP 320 ja Meyco MP 320T BASF Oy

Non-shrink grouting mortar Mastertop 928 BASF Oy

Cement coating Finnseco S Tikkurila Oyj

Superplasticiser in grouting Melcrete 500L (Kallio-Parmix) BASF Oy

Nitrogen compounds Purpose of use Trade name Manufacturer Electric detonator Firex VA-L Forcit Oy

Blasting cartridge Kemix A - cartridge Forcit Oy

Detonating cord F-cord 10 Forcit Oy

Detonator NONEL Forcit Oy

Blasting pipe charge Kemix A- pipe charge Forcit Oy

Bulk-emulsion Kemiitti 810 Forcit Oy

Initial charge cartridge Nobel Prime Forcit Oy

Fuel additive GREENOX AdBlue Yara International ARA

Detonating cord Detocord Lapuan Räjäh-dysainepalvelu Oy

Detonator Forprime Forcit Oy

Inorganic compounds

Purpose of use Trade name Manufacturer

Marking paint Falu Red Ochre paint Tikkurila

28

Table 1.3. Allowed materials in safety level B in ONKALO 2010

Safety Level B Metals

Purpose of use Manufacturer Material Rock bolt Ørsta Stal AS CT-rock bolt

Reinforcement bar Fundia Deformed reinforce-ment bar

Shotcrete Fibres Fibco GmbH Shotcrete fibers CF-03-35

Mine net Tammet Oy Mine net

Shotcrete Fibres Bekaert Dramix Shotcrete Fib-res

Posiva Flow Log Metal parts in Posiva Flow Log

Springwire to center the deformed reinforcement bar Springwire AB Steel springwire Kiiruna bolts for rock strenghtening Pyhäsalmen Metallityö

Deformed reinforce-ment bar

Pipe collar Würth Oy Stainless steel

Other

Purpose of use Manufacturer Material Absorbent Berner Oy Absodan universal Marker Stanford NA Peel Off China Marker Tracer in water Merck kGaA Fluorescein sodium Absorbent Balerman Oy Chem-Sorb Absorbent CC-Company Ikasorb 1030

Fire insulating material Paroc Wired Mat 80

29

Table 1.4.Temporarily allowed materials in ONKALO 2010

Purpose of use Manufacturer Material

For grouting if needed Finnsementti SR cement Cement for protecting tube in boreholes Lafarge Aluminates Ciment Fondu Lafarge Accelerator for Ciment Fondu Lafarge Chemetall GmbH

Ciment Fondu accelera-tor

Engine pan oil for Land Rover tunnel car Castrol

Castrol TXT Softec Plus Neu 5W-30

Transmission and axle lubricant for Land Rover tunnel car Castrol Castrol SAF-XO

Additive in cement Insinööritoimisto Sulin Oy Xypex concentrate - Xypex modified

Cement for stabilization of OL-KR48 Lafarge Aluminates Ciment Fondu Lafarge Glue in convergence measure-ments Würth Oy Würth WIT-C 100/200

Glue for fixing warning signs Oy SIKA Finland AB Sikaflex-221

Accelerator in grouting Brenntag Nordic Oy CaCl2

Fire insulator Firebreak Oy Firebreak 44

Glue for POM-tubes at 3620 Oy SIKA Finland AB Sikaflex-291 In-situ rock stress measurement: HBM X60A for gluing the strain gauges

Hottinger Baldwin Messtech-nik GmbH

Glue component HBM X60A

In-situ rock stress measurement: HBM X60B for gluing the strain gauge

Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH

Glue component HBM X60B

In-situ rock stress measurement: Polyurethane for sealing Oy SIKA Finland AB Sikaflex-11FC+ In-situ rock stress measurement: Keeping stripes waterproof Vishay Micro-Measurements M-Coat In-situ rock stress measurement: Solvent for cleaning Vishay Micro-Measurements M-Line Rosin Solvent In-situ rock stress measurement: Cleaning spray Würth Oy Würth cleaning spray In-situ rock stress measurement: Alternative glue Bostik Oy Araldite Rapid

Test solution in U-redox experi-ments

Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Institute of Radio-chemistry UO2(ClO4)-solution

Anchoring cement Hilti (Suomi) Oy Hilti HIT-HY 150

30

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