results of monitoring at olkiluoto in 2013 foreign materials
TRANSCRIPT
Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2013Foreign Materials
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POSIVA OY
Olki luoto
FI-27160 EURAJOKI, F INLAND
Phone (02) 8372 31 (nat. ) , (+358-2-) 8372 31 ( int. )
Fax (02) 8372 3809 (nat. ) , (+358-2-) 8372 3809 ( int. )
Apri l 2016
Työraportt i 2014-46
Nina Sacklén
Apri l 2016
Working Reports contain information on work in progress
or pending completion.
Nina Sacklén
Saanio & Riekkola Oy
Työraportt i 2014-46
Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2013Foreign Materials
RESULTS OF MONITORING AT OLKILUOTO IN 2013, FOREIGN MATERIALS
ABSTRACT
This report focuses on foreign materials introduced to ONKALO. These foreign materials are not part of the engineered multi-barrier system or the natural environment. All the approved materials introduced to ONKALO are included in the material handbook. Foreign materials control and management is one of the ONKALO construction safety critical functions. Other safety critical functions for the ONKALO construction are monitoring of leakages, EDZ (excavation damage zone) and drilling.
Updated ONKALO monitoring program was introduced in the beginning of 2012. The updated program will be used for the period before repository operation. Only minor changes were implemented. Monitoring has been carried out according to updated plan.
Excavation of ONKALO access tunnel was completed the in 2012. Demonstration tunnel 3 and demonstration tunnel 4 were excavated and vehicle access 13 was continued from chainage 4366-22 to chainage 4366-60 in 2013. Total excavated volume in 2013 was 4 102 m3. During the years from 2004 to 2013 the total excavated volume was 317 605 m3. All materials used in ONKALO in 2013 are listed in this report. This report also summaries the total amount of foreign materials used in ONKALO since 2004.
All waters used during the excavation of ONKALO have been pumped up to the surface into a sedimentation pool of ONKALO. In 2013, water samples were taken from sedimentation pool of ONKALO and from the outlet ditch. The chemistry of these waters can indicate us how the foreign materials have effected on the undisturbed groundwater chemistry.
Keywords: foreign materials, disposal of spent fuel, monitoring, Olkiluoto, ONKALO.
VIERAIDEN AINEIDEN MONITOROINTI ONKALOSSA 2013
TIIVISTELMÄ
Tässä raportissa käsitellään ONKALOon vuoden 2013 aikana vietyjä materiaaleja. Vieraat materiaalit ovat ONKALOn rakentamisessa käytettäviä aineita, jotka eivät kuulu moniesteperiaatteeseen eivätkä kallioperään. Kaikki ONKALOssa käytettäväksi hyväksytyt materiaalit on listattu materiaalikäsikirjassa. Vieraiden materiaalien valvonta ja hallinta on yksi ONKALOn rakentamisen turvallisuuskriittisistä toiminnoista, joista muut ovat vuotovesien seuranta, EDZ (louhinnan vauriovyöhyke) ja kairaukset ONKALOn alueella.
Päivitetty ONKALOn monitorointiohjelma otettiin käyttöön vuoden 2012 alussa. Päivitys on voimassa ajalle ennen loppusijoituksen aloitusta. Seurantaan liittyvät muutokset olivat vähäisiä ja se on toteutunut suunnitelman mukaisesti.
ONKALOn ajotunneli louhittiin valmiiksi vuoden 2012 aikana. Vuonna 2013 demonstraatiotunneli 3 ja demonstraatiotunneli 4 louhittiin sekä ajoneuvoyhteyttä 13 jatkettiin paalulta 4366-22 paalulle 4366-60. Louhittu kalliotilavuus oli 4 102 m3. Vuosina 2004 - 2013 louhitun kallion kokonaistilavuus on 317 605 m3. Tässä raportissa on esitetty kaikki vuoden 2013 aikana ONKALOn rakentamisessa käytetyt vieraat materiaalit. Tässä raportissa esitetään myös kaikki ONKALOn rakentamisen alusta vuodesta 2004 lähtien käytettyjen vieraiden aineiden määrät.
Kaikki ONKALOn rakentamisen aikana käytetty vesi pumpataan maanpinnalle sedimentaatioaltaaseen. Vuonna 2013 vesinäytteitä otettiin sedimentaatioaltaasta ja purkuputken päästä. Näiden vesien kemian muutokset ennakoivat vieraiden materiaalien vaikutuksia perustilan vesikemiaan.
Avainsanat: vieraat materiaalit, käytetyn ydinpolttoaineen loppusijoitus, monitorointi, Olkiluoto, ONKALO.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
TIIVISTELMÄ
1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 3
2 FOREIGN MATERIALS AND MATERIAL HANDBOOK ........................................ 7 2.1 Foreign materials ......................................................................................... 7 2.2 Material handbook ........................................................................................ 7 2.3 Allowed foreign materials ............................................................................. 8 2.4 Forbidden foreign materials ......................................................................... 8 2.5 Quality control .............................................................................................. 9
3 MATERIALS AND AMOUNT USED IN ONKALO ............................................... 11 3.1 Safety level A ............................................................................................. 11
3.1.1 Cement, concrete and additives ....................................................... 11 3.1.2 Organic compounds .......................................................................... 15 3.1.3 Nitrogen compounds ......................................................................... 15 3.1.4 Other inorganic compounds .............................................................. 18
3.2 Safety level B ............................................................................................. 18 3.2.1 Metals ............................................................................................... 18 3.2.2 Other materials ................................................................................. 18
4 MONITORING OF ONKALO CONSTRUCTION ................................................. 21 4.1 ONKALO process waters ........................................................................... 21 4.2 Sedimentation pool of ONKALO and discharge tube ................................. 22
5 SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... 29
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 31
APPENDIX 1 ................................................................................................................. 33
APPENDIX 2 ................................................................................................................. 47
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1 INTRODUCTION
Posiva Oy is responsible for the final disposal of the spent nuclear fuel produced in the nuclear power plants in Olkiluoto and Loviisa. To perform this task, the company is preparing for the construction of a disposal facility consisting of a repository for the waste at a depth of between 400 and 450 meters in the bedrock on the Olkiluoto site.
In July 2004 Posiva began to construct an underground rock characterization facility; ONKALO, including an access tunnel, vertical shafts, and rooms for research and demonstrations. The characterisation level at -420 was reached in summer of 2010. In 2012 excavation of ONKALO access tunnel was completed. The construction of ONKALO and subsequently the construction of the repository, will affect the surrounding rock mass and the groundwater flow system as well as the environment.
Investigations related to the characterization of Olkiluoto as a potential repository site and to the determination of a baseline of the site characteristics can be regarded as the predecessor of Posiva’s monitoring programmes. These activities started in about 1980 and continued with gradually increasing intensity and scope until 2004. The first monitoring programme was published in 2003 (Posiva 2003) and has been followed since 2004, the year when the construction of ONKALO commenced. The results of each discipline have since been reported annually. Foreign materials is one part of the monitoring system, others are rock mechanics, hydrogeology, hydrogeochemistry and environment.
Posiva submitted in the end of 2012 an application for the construction license for the final disposal of spent nuclear fuel. Construction is planned to start in few years and to continue until 2018, provided that the licensing process proceeds as planned. For the time before repository operation Posiva has updated the monitoring programme including starting the development of monitoring of engineered barriers (Posiva 2012a). The programme of monitoring is to be updated next by 2017 to correspond to the requirements of the operational phase.
Foreign materials monitoring covers the approval procedure for the materials used in the construction of ONKALO, bookkeeping of materials that end up in the underground facilities either deliberately or accidentally, and monitoring the effect of foreign materials on the ONKALO process water and groundwater. As to the monitoring of the engineered barriers, the period of this programme will be used for research, development, and testing of necessary equipment and methods.
The aim of this report is to give an overview of the progress of monitoring the foreign materials. This report presents the monitoring of foreign materials introduced into ONKALO since the start of construction in June 2004. Previous reports Juhola (2005), Vuorio (2006), Juhola (2007, 2008, 2009), Kasa (2011), Salo (2012, 2013) and Sacklén (2015) presented the earlier results and progress of the foreign materials monitoring. The current foreign materials monitoring schedule is presented in Table 1.
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Table 1. The monitoring schedule of foreign materials during 2013 - 2018 (Posiva 2012a).
Process Target / method
Location Started 2012 -13 -14 -15 -16 -17 -18 Notes
Use of foreign materials
Amount 2004 C C C C C C C
Influence of foreign materials in process water
EC and pH monitoring
Sedimentation pool of ONKALO
2005 W W W W W W W
also in chemistry and surface environment
Discharge tube 2005 W W W W W W W
Groundwater samplings
Sedimentation pool of ONKALO
2005 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Discharge tube
2005 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Influence of foreign materials in groundwater
Groundwater samplings
Leaking structures and fractures in ONKALO
2005 X X X X X X X
C Continuous 4 Four times per year
W Weekly X Measuring campaigns according to a separate plan
The underground parts of ONKALO consist of a system of exploratory tunnels accessed via a tunnel and three shafts named hereafter: an inlet air shaft 1, an exhaust air shaft 1 and a personnel shaft 1. It has been planned that in the future ONKALO will be part of the spent nuclear fuel repository (Posiva 2012b). At the end of 2012 ONKALO's access tunnel was completed. Demonstration tunnel 3 and demonstration tunnel 4 were excavated and vehicle access 131 was continued from chainage 4366-22 to chainage 4366-60 in 2013. Each tunnel chainage is one metre long. In 2013 the excavated volume was 4 102 m3. The total excavated volume of ONKALO tunnel was 317 605 m3. The progress of the ONKALO excavation access tunnel and shafts are presented in Figure 1.
The inlet air shaft 1 and the personnel shaft 1 were grouted down to the level -290. The vehicle access 13 was grouted at chainage 4366. The facilities were grouted with silica Meyco MP 320. Shotcreting were made in the access tunnel from chainage 4850 to chainage 4865, from chainage 4873 to chainage 4893, in the vehicle accesses 13 from chainage 4366-22 to chainage 4366-60, in the demonstration tunnel 3 from chainage 3.5
1 In 2012, the central tunnel was renamed to vehicle access 13
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to chainage 8 and in the demonstration tunnel 4 from chainage 4.8 to chainage 17.2. In the Figure 1 the locations of the shotcrete are also presented.
Figure 1. The progress of access tunnel and shafts at end of 2013 in ONKALO. The locations of the shotcrete in 2013 are shown in red.
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2 FOREIGN MATERIALS AND MATERIAL HANDBOOK
2.1 Foreign materials
Foreign materials, referred also as engineering or stray materials, are those that are neither part of the engineered barrier system (e.g. bentonite, copper canister) nor of the natural environment (rock material or groundwater). Some of the introduced foreign materials will be removed in different cleaning processes before backfilling, but some will necessarily remain in the future repository (Hjerpe 2003).
The amount of remaining foreign materials has been estimated in Hjerpe (2003). These estimations have been updated by Hagros (2007) and Karvonen (2011). The latest updated estimations are based on the repository layout produced in 2010 and consider the latest plans for grouting and rock support. Also amount of foreign materials used until 2010 have been taken into account. The most significant updates are the amount of materials used in grouting, shotcreting, support bolts and certain accessory minerals, organic materials of clay and construction materials.
Foreign materials remaining in ONKALO mostly consist of cement used for grouting and shotcreting to reinforcement the ceilings and the walls of the excavation (Vieno et al. 2003). The estimated amount of grouting and shotcrete cement introduced in ONKALO is about 11 442 tons (Karvonen 2011). Approximately 20 - 25% of pre-grouting materials are estimated to be removed during the excavation process. In this report the total amounts are reported, because the estimation of the removable amounts is inaccurate. According to present knowledge it is possible to remove shotcrete before backfilling.
Another potentially harmful group of foreign materials consists of hydrocarbons and nitrogen compounds from explosive residues and organic materials. Some of the organic materials are estimated to originate from the ventilation air. A great amount of impurities of ventilation air will be filtered (Posiva 2008). Other major sources of organic materials that will remain in ONKALO include cement additives, for example superplasticizers. Superplasticizers are used to improve the workability of shotcrete and grouting cement (Posiva 2003). Disadvantages of the use of foreign materials are discussed in Vuorio (2006) and in Juhola (2005).
As all the materials are not measurable, the amounts of these are based on estimations. These materials include rubber from tyres, exhaust fumes from diesel engines, hydraulic and lubricants oils, urine and other human waste. These amounts are not estimated here but are available in Karvonen (2011).
2.2 Material handbook
The material handbook is a collection of documents providing information of the materials approved to be used in ONKALO. It includes separate instructions for the use of each material, material safety data sheets (MSDS) and other relevant information. These materials have been divided into two safety levels A and B. Safety level A (the highest safety level) includes materials, which could have impact on long-term safety. Materials in safety level B have no detrimental influence on long-term safety according
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to present knowledge. Safety level A includes cementitious materials and additives, organic compounds, inorganic nitrogen compounds and other inorganic compounds. Safety level B includes metals and other materials.
Material handbook is saved electronically in Posiva’s Kronodoc system and is so available when needed. Every worker in ONKALO is obliged to check that the material needed is included in the material handbook and in the list of allowed materials.
The instructions for introduction of a new material are found in the material handbook. A new material can be approved for the use in ONKALO, if it is not harmful for long-term safety and it has been evaluated to be suitable for ONKALO conditions. Its functionality for ONKALO conditions must have been tested. For a material in the safety level A the disadvantages of its use must be less than the possible disadvantages if it is not used.
The material handbook has been updated during 2013. Materials that are not in use any-more have been removed from the material handbook and some material safety data sheets have been updated. Also some special instructions have been checked and updated.
2.3 Allowed foreign materials
At the end of 2013 the material handbook listed 334 allowed materials, 230 in safety level A, 30 in safety level B and 64 in temporarily used materials. All the allowed materials at the end of 2013 are listed in Appendix 1 in Tables 1.1 to 1.4. Materials that are not in use anymore (e.g., allowed time for its use expired or a substituting material was found) have been removed from the material handbook.
In the Tables of Appendix 1 there are also the names of the manufacturers, in general products are named only by their trade names. Also the purpose of the use has been mentioned. Some materials could be allowed only for short period of time and these temporarily used materials have also been presented in Table 1.4 of Appendix 1. Some restrictions apply to the use of the allowed materials for example, materials can be used for the purpose they are accepted, i.e. motor oils can only be used in vehicles. In general permission to use the material is restricted in certain area that can be enlarged later if needed.
This procedure minimises the number of possible chemicals in ONKALO.
2.4 Forbidden foreign materials
No new materials were forbidden in 2013. At the end of 2013 there were 39 forbidden materials listed and these are presented in Appendix 2. The forbidden materials were not suitable for ONKALO conditions or may be harmful for long-term safety. Reasons for not allowing using some material may vary, for instance if a material contains more harmful components than a similarly functioning substitute, obviously the material containing fewer harmful components will be accepted. Sometimes a substitute material, which is better for the long-term safety, was found.
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2.5 Quality control
As a part of ONKALO construction quality control, the use of foreign materials is controlled. In 2013 altogether four internal auditing was carried out in ONKALO area. There were undeclared materials and lack of operational safety maps in ONKALO. The undeclared materials were removed from ONKALO.
There were 7 oil leakages in ONKALO in 2013 and these have been handled as nonconformities. Oil leaks have been presented in Table 2. All the oil was adsorbed and collected away.
Table 2. Oil leaks in ONKALO in 2013.
Date Location in ONKALO
Machine Oil Vol [L]
Collected away
31.1.2013 Access tunnel, chainage 4873
Excavator Hydraulic oil 1.5 All
22.2.2013 Vehicle access 1 Truck-mounted concrete pump
Hydraulic oil 70 All
26.3.2013 Shaft connection of inlet air shaft 1,
level -290
Grouting machine Hydraulic oil 1 All
27.3.2013 Vehicle access 1 Excavator Hydraulic oil 10 All
22.4.2013 Vehicle access 1 Boom lift Hydraulic oil 1-2 All
24.6.2013 Access tunnel, chainage 3019
Drilling rig Hydraulic oil 1 All
19.7.2013 Vehicle access 1 Bobcat telescopic handler
Hydraulic oil 0.5 All
The acceptance limits for the use of foreign materials have been defined. These limits have been calculated from estimations by Karvonen (2011).
Migration of the dissolved foreign materials in groundwater was monitored at several locations. All water used in ONKALO was pumped up to the surface and led into sedimentation pool of ONKALO. Residue oil is removed from the water before it enters the sedimentation pool of ONKALO.
Pumped water in sedimentation pool of ONKALO contains drilling mud from ONKALO. The drilling mud is removed regularly to blasted rock dumping area. Despite of oil deflector, the drilling mud might contain some residue oil. This was studies in 2013 by taking samples at the sedimentation pool of ONKALO, outlet ditch and in the dumping area. Residue oil or VOC (volatile organic compounds) were not found over the limits in samples, but Posiva will continue studies.
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The quality of the water in the sedimentation pool of ONKALO and at the end of the discharge tube has been monitored weekly through pH and electrical conductivity (EC) measurements as well as sodium fluorescein analyses. In addition, there is one sampling location along the outlet ditch after the end of the discharge tune, where field measurements of pH and EC are carried out. Results are reported in Chapter 4.
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3 MATERIALS AND AMOUNT USED IN ONKALO
Karvonen (2011) has re-estimated the quantities of foreign materials remaining in the different part of ONKALO and the repository at the time of backfilling. These estimations per excavated cubic meter are included in Tables 4 and 6.
The categorization of the materials in this report complies with the one used in the material handbook stored in Posiva's Kronodoc system. The materials used in ONKALO during 2013 are reported in the following sections.
3.1 Safety level A
3.1.1 Cement, concrete and additives
The inlet air shaft 1, the personnel shaft 1 and the vehicle access 13 were grouted with silica Meyco MP320. Neither SR cement nor Cementa Ultrafin 16 (UF-16) was used in grouting this year. In Tables 3 and 4 can be seen amounts of grouting materials used in 2013. The amounts are given in Table 4 separately for access tunnel and shafts. The inlet air shaft 1 and the personnel shaft 1 were grouted down to the level -290. The vehicle access 13 was grouted at chainage 4366-22. In Figure 2 the graph is presented for used amounts per yearly quarter.
SR-cement and low pH-cement were used for grouting rock bolts (see Table 4). For construction materials SR-cement was used. These amounts are presented in Table 5.
Table 3. Grouting materials in ONKALO in 2013.
Location Cement Cement Additive Additive Additive Silica AdditiveDate UF-16 SR-
cement Grout
Aid Mighty
150 CaCl2 Meyco
MP320NaCl 10%
[kg] [kg] [kg] [kg] [kg] [kg] [kg]
18.1.2013 Vehicle access 13,chainage 4366
0 0 0 0 0 11 3
28.3.2013 Inlet air shaft 1 0 0 0 0 0 854 222
15.5.2013 Inlet air shaft 1 0 0 0 0 0 1085 177
24.6. -2.7.2013
Personnel shaft 1 0 0 0 0 0 568 73
17.9. -24.9.2013 Inlet air shaft 1 0 0 0 0 0 1383 190
12.12 -23.12.2013
Personnel shaft 1 0 0 0 0 0 1214 182
Total
0 0 0 0 0 5115 847
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Table 4. Cementitious materials and additives used in ONKALO. The total used amount from the beginning of construction are detailed separately for ONKALO and for ONKALO including open cut.
Materials
ONKALO 2013Total ONKALO
2004-2013 Total ONKALO
and open cut
ONKALO 2013 VOLUME = 317605 m3
Amount
Dry weight
Amount Dry weight
Amount Dry weight
2004-2013
Estima-ted
[kg] [kg] [kg] [kg] [kg] [kg] [kg/m3] [kg/m3]
Grouting
Cements
Ultrafin16 (tunnel) 0 383664 403325 1.21
Ultrafin16 (shafts)2 0 148016 148017
SR-Cement (tunnel) 0 18403 18403 0.06
SR-Cement (shafts)2 0 390 390
Grouting cement total
0 5504733 570135 1,27 1.41
Additives
Set Control II 0 3488 1570 3748 1687 0.01
SP-40 (tunnel) 0 3160 1264 3225 1290 0.01
SP-40 (shafts)2 0 48 19 48 19
Grout Aid (tunnel) 0 97349 48675 97349 48675 0.31
Grout Aid (shafts)2 0 120599 60300 120599 60300
Mighty150 (tunnel) 0 3343 1337 3343 1337 0.01
Mighty150 (shafts)2 0 6272 2509 6272 2509
CaCl2 (tunnel) 0 2374 855 2374 855 0.01
CaCl2 (shafts)2 0 4013 1445 4013 1445
Plugging after grouting
Cements
Ultrafin16 (tunnel) 0 5876 5876 0.02
Ultrafin16 (shafts)2 0 285 285
SR-Cement 0 1018 1018 0.00
Rapid-Cement 0 0 7122 0.02
Plugging, cement total
0 7179 14301 0.02
Shotcrete
Cements
Megacement 0 0 1290
Rapid-Cement 0 29660 29660 0.09
SR-Cement 42749 4535755 4535755 14.28
Shotcrete total 42749 4565415 4566705 14.37 31.78
2 The shaft is rising bored – not included in ONKALO 2013 volume 3 The value has been checked and may differ from the previous report (Sacklén 2015)
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Table 4. Cont.
Materials
ONKALO 2013 Total ONKALO
2004-2013 Total ONKALO
and open cut
ONKALO 2013 VOLUME = 317605 m3
Amount Dry weight
Amount Dry weight
Amount Dry weight
2004-2013
Estima-ted
[kg] [kg] [kg] [kg] [kg] [kg] [kg/m3] [kg/m3] Shotcrete
Additives
Structuro 111X 0 1952 781 1952 781 0.01
Mapequick AF2000 0 194240 97120 194240 97120 0.61
Gecedral F 2000 HP 3012 1310 14237 6193 14237 6193 0.04
Parmix Silica 3940 2364 292429 175457 292429 175457 0.92
Super-Parmix 0 68648 27459 68648 27459 0.22
Kallio-Parmix 0 30266 12106 30266 12106 0.10
Pantarhit LK FM 1505 602 7527 3011 7527 3011 0.02 Shotcrete, additives total
8457 4276 609298 322127 609298 322127 1.92 3.45
Grout (anchor and rock bolts)
Cements
SR-Cement 2975 177939 177939 0.56
Rapid-Cement 0 0 4251 0.00
Ultrafin 16 17 17 17 0.00
Grout, cement total
2992 177956 182207 0.57 0.72
Additives
Grout Aid4 201 100 201 100 201 100 0.00
Pantarhit LK FM4 8 3 8 3 8 3 0.00
Grout, additives total
209 103 209 103 209 103 0.00 0
Since 2005 ONKALO has been shotcreted systematically. The materials used are SR-cement and Rapid-Cement and the additives used are Structuro 111X, Mape-quick AF2000, Gecedral F 2000 HP, Parmix Silica, Super-Parmix, Kallio-Parmix, and Pantarhit LK FM. The amount of used shotcrete in 2013 is given in Table 4.
4 Low pH-cement additive
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Figure 2. The amount of grouting cement silica Meyco MP320 and additives used per yearly quarter in ONKALO in 2013.
Table 5. Construction materials (cementitious materials and additives) and amount used in ONKALO in 2013. These materials are not included in the Table 4.
Materials
ONKALO 2013 Total ONKALO
2012-2013
Amount Amount
[kg] [kg] Construction materials
Cements SR-Cement 225572 341896
Additives
Kallio-Parmix 3754 5708
Pantarhit LK FM 24 581
Ilma-Parmix 0 6
Mastertop 450 0 7950
Masterflow 928 65 65
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3.1.2 Organic compounds
Some of the cement additives can also be organic compounds but these have been classified to the same group with cement.
Geological measurement points were marked in ONKALO with AT-marking paint. In 2013 11.4 L paint was used, the total amount used during construction is 1 435 L.
Different kinds of organics oils, such as lubricants, anti-freeze solutions and fuel were used in the vehicles in ONKALO. The amounts of fuel oil and diesel oil used in ONKALO in 2013 are 57 064 L and 55 322 L, respectively.
3.1.3 Nitrogen compounds
Nitrogen compounds are mainly from explosives. Explosives manufactured by Oy Forcit Ab were used in the ONKALO tunnel excavations. Mainly bulk-emulsion explosives were used in ONKALO. These bulk-emulsion explosives included Kemiitti 810 as matrix and fumigant. Depending on the recipe, also acetic acid could be used. Acetic acid is a catalyst of blasting and without it the fumigation of blasting could be incomplete if the temperature in ONKALO is too low. Since 2012 the temperature in ONKALO was high enough that acetic acid was not used.
Amount of all used explosives are presented in Table 6. Although acetic acid is an organic compound it is also presented in this group. A summary of the explosives used in tunnel in 2013 is provided in Figures 3 and 4. The amount of explosives per yearly quarter is given in graphical form.
Studies of the nitrogen compounds from explosive residues have started in 2012. The preliminary results are reported in the Posiva’s internal report. Studies will be continued to conform the results.
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Table 6. Amount of used explosives in 2013. The total used amount from the beginning of construction are detailed separately for ONKALO and for ONKALO including open cut. Estimations are made by Karvonen (2011).
Materials [unit]
ONKALO 2013
Total ONKALO 2004-2013
Total ONKALO
and open cut 2004-2013
ONKALO 2004-2013 VOLUME = 317605 m3
Amount Amount Amount Used
[kg/m3] Estimated
[kg/m3]
Caps [pcs] 4119 236019 2371035 0.74 pcs/m3 0.7 pcs/m3
Cords [m] 0 43944 457856 0.14 m/m3
Anite [kg] 0 2401 3728 0.01
F-pipe [kg] 0 2399 2400 0.01
Kemix-A cartridge [kg] 0 115594 115594 0.36
Kemix-A pipecharge[kg] 9240 236642 2366816 0.75
Dynamite [kg] 0 0 959 0.00
Riogur F CD [kg] 1886 4647 4647 0.01
Kemiitti 810 matrix [kg] 0 789455 789455 2.49
Kemiitti 810 fumigant [kg] 0 15821 15821 0.05
Nobel Prime [kg] 0 81388 81388 0.26
Explosives total [kg] 11126 1248348 1250673 3.93 3.8
Acetic Acid 100% [kg] 0 1404 1404
5 Amount of used exolosives for open cut of hoisting building has not been included 6 The value has been checked and may differ from the previous report (Sacklén 2015)
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Figure 3. The amount of caps per yearly quarter used in ONKALO in 2013.
Figure 4. The amount of Kemix-A pipecharge used per yearly quarter in ONKALO in 2013.
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3.1.4 Other inorganic compounds
Coordinate measured support bolts have been paint earlier with Falu red ochre paint, but the paint was changed in year 2008. Since that these marks have been painted with AT-marking paint.
3.2 Safety level B
3.2.1 Metals
Support bolts were used for rock reinforcement. Support bolts have been made of stainless steel. Krampe Harex fibres were used with shotcreting. Used amount of metal components are reported in Table 7. Since 2012 steel grades for construction engineering in ONKALO have been reported. These are also presented in the Table 7. No stud bolts, wedge anchors or brass sleeves were installed in ONKALO in 2013.
3.2.2 Other materials
Sodium fluorescein has been used as a tracer for the drilling water i.e. process water. Measurements results for the concentration of sodium fluorescein are reported in Chapter 4. Used amount of it hasn’t been reported because almost all of it is sluiced away.
Maxam clay has been used in charging the rock with bulk-emulsion explosives as a plug. Plugging the charges with clay decreases the amount of dud explosives and explosives needed in blasting.
In 2013, construction materials for construction engineering used in ONKALO have presented in the Table 8.
Ikasorb 1030 is an absorbent and has been used after oil leak if needed. Used Ikasorb 1030 has been removed from ONKALO and amount of use were not reported.
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Table 7. Metal component and amount used in ONKALO in 2013. The total used amount from the beginning of construction are detailed separately for ONKALO and for ONKALO including open cut. RST = stainless steel, HST = acid-proof stainless steel, kZn = hot-dip galvanized steel.
2013
Total ONKALO 2004-2013
Total ONKALO + open cut 2004-2013
Support bolts [pcs] A500HW HST 25*3000 0 3170 3260 A500HW HST 25*4000 0 64 308 A500HW HST 25*5000 0 25 27 A500HW HST 32*2500 0 0 2 A500HW HST 32*3000 0 0 2 A500HW HST 32*4000 0 0 21 A500HW HST 32*4500 0 0 123 A500HW HST 32*6000 0 8 62 A500HW kZn 25*5000 0 12 12 A500HW RST 20*3000 98 98 98 A500HW RST 25*600 214 214 214 A500HW RST 25*2000 0 18 18 A500HW RST 25*3000 135 9129 9129 A500HW RST 25*3200 0 57 57 A500HW RST 25*4000 75 981 981 A500HW RST 25*5000 0 260 260 A500HW total 522 14036 14572 CT-bolt L3000 kZn 0 2967 2967 CT-bolt L5000 kZn 0 11 11 Kiiruna Bolts L1000 RST 0 207 207 Kiiruna Bolts L2400 RST 0 121 121 Kiiruna Bolts L3000 RST 0 6505 6505 FIN-bolt 20*1000 142 577 577 FIN-bolt 20*2400 167 658 658 FIN-bolt 20*2600 0 205 205 FIN-bolt 20*3000 134 2113 2113 FIN-bolt 20*4000 0 14 14 FIN-bolt 20*5000 0 545 545 FIN-bolts total 443 4112 4112
Shotcrete fibres [kg] ZCF-03-35 0 90 90 Krampe Harex 3940 108587 108587 Dramix 0 242217 242217
Mine mesh [kg] AISI 304 6094ST 0 740 740 AISI 304 8276H 648 4549 4549
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Tabel 7. Cont.
2013
Total ONKALO 2004-2013
Total ONKALO + open cut 2004-2013
Construction materials, steel grades [kg] AISI 304 127 9942 9942 AISI 316 0 11974 11974 AISI 316L 323 23206 23206 B600KX 7 mm 2685 4195 4195 B600KX 9 mm 9471 19399 19399 B600KX 11 mm 15 2805 2805 B600KX 16 mm 0 150 150 B600KX 20 mm 0 1377 1377 B600KX mesh 0 14726 14726 B600KX mesh 7 mm 6456 6456 6456
Table 8. Construction materials (other materials) and amount used in ONKALO in 2013.
Construction materials, other materials
2013 Total ONKALO
2004-2013 Binding wire [kg] 215 215 Aluminium rod [kg] 0 28 Concrete plug [m] 31 57 Two-component glue [kg] 17 29 Spacer [kg] 0 181 Fire door [pcs] 8 8 Drainage pipe [m] 0 84 Fastening plate [kg] 54 89 Expansion joint [m] 15 68 Fastening angle [kg] 0 220 Lifting anchor [kg] 0 12 Sewage pipe [kg] 0 46Tie sleeve [kg] 78 84 Cast iron lid [pcs] 0 4 Concrete wall element [kg] 0 15042 Border strip [kg] 11 11 Centralizer [kg] 0 1 Service platform [kg] 7000 7000 Plastic sheeting [kg] 50 50 Thin-layer mortar [kg] 400 400 Mortar 300 300
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4 MONITORING OF ONKALO CONSTRUCTION
4.1 ONKALO process waters
All process waters used in ONKALO are pumped from the Korvensuo reservoir. A tracer, sodium fluorescein is added in the water in order to enable identification of the remaining amount of process water in real groundwater samples. The concentration of sodium fluorescein used in process waters is 250 μg/L.
The concentration of sodium fluorescein is controlled by regular sampling of process water. In 2013, samples of process water were collected once a week according to Posiva's working instructions. The results of the analyses are presented in Figure 5. Sodium fluorescein concentration in process water has mainly varied between the values of 200 and 250 μg/L. The sodium fluorescein concentration variations in process water were small except one measurement in January when technical problems occured.
Samples from the main solution were taken after sodium fluorescein had been added in the main solution container. The analysis process of the main solution will remain unchanged and process water samples will be taken once a week.
Figure 5. Results of sodium fluorescein analyses of process waters, in the sedimentation pool of ONKALO and at the end of the discharge tube in 2013.
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4.2 Sedimentation pool of ONKALO and discharge tube
All waters used during the excavation of ONKALO are pumped up to the surface into a sedimentation pool of ONKALO after the removal of residual oil from the water. From the sedimentation pool of ONKALO the water flows through an outlet pipe to the outlet ditch. The locations of the sedimentation pool of ONKALO, the discharge tube (outlet pipe), the outlet ditch and the measuring point 1 are presented in Figure 6. Since 2012 the measuring points have been reduced from four to one. In addition to the one measuring point along the ditch, samples have also been taken at the end of the discharge tube. The distance from the discharge tube to the measuring point (measuring point 1) is approximately 5 m.
Figure 6. The location of the sedimentation pool of ONKALO, the outlet pipe and the measuring point 1 in the outlet ditch. The end of the discharge tube is five meters south of the measuring point.
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The quality of the water in the sedimentation pool of ONKALO and in the discharge tube has been monitored weekly through pH and Electrical Conductivity (EC) measurements as well as sodium fluorescein analyses. In addition, water samples (Class A water samples) have been collected four times a year from the sedimentation pool of ONKALO and five times a year from the end of the discharge tube according to instructions given in Lamminmäki et al. 2009.
The chemical results for the sedimentation pool of ONKALO are shown in Table 9 and for the end of the discharge tube in Table 10. The higher SiO2 concentrations are due to the excavation work. In 2013, the sampling program stayed the same as in 2012.
The results of field pH measurements for all sampling points are presented in Figure 7. The pH of the water pumped out was slightly alkaline in both the sedimentation pool of ONKALO and in the outlet ditch. The pH of the water was nearly neutral in the measuring point 1. According to Figure 7 that highest pH values were measured at the end of the discharge tube. The pH of the water primarily fluctuated between the values of 7.5 and 8.5. The pH of the water is lower than last year 2012 (Sacklén 2015).
The shotcreting in the ONKALO tunnel in 2013 were made from middle of February to end of October. The amount of used cement was significantly less than in 2012. So far the high pH values have not constituted a risk to the environment, because high pH values are neutralized soon after the water reaches the ditch.
The EC values of water samples taken from the sedimentation pool of ONKALO and from the end of the discharge tube behave in a similar way as illustrated in Figure 8. In general the EC results varied between the values of 240 and 400 mS/m, with a few values under and over these values (min 139 mS/m, max 420 mS/m).
The influence of grouting cement and shotcrete can be seen in the results of pH and some indication of electric conductivity in the sedimentation pool of ONKALO. The low pH values are the result of use of grouting and shotcrete cement have reduced in ONKALO.
Groundwater hydrogeochemistry analyses results from ONKALO in 2013 have not been reported by the time of printing of this report. The chemistry of groundwater in ONKALO has been compared with the chemistry in sedimentation pool of ONKALO. The baseline conditions have been reported in Andersson et al. 2007.
In NO2, NO3 and N-tot concentrations the influence of blasting can be seen in the sedimentation pool of ONKALO. In the baseline conditions recorded for the groundwater in ONKALO the NO2, NO3 and N-tot concentrations were very low (under 1 mg/L,) (Andersson et al. 2007). The NO2, NO3 and N-tot concentrations in sedimentation pool of ONKALO have been presented in Figure 9. The lower NO2, NO3 and N-tot concentrations due to the excavation work has reduced and thereby amount of used explosives have decreased compared to 2012.
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24
Table 9. Analysis results of water samples taken from sedimentation pool of ONKALO.
pH Conductivity Sodium
fluorescein DIC DOC
Total alkalinity, HCl uptake
Carbonate alkalinity, HCl uptake
Total acidity, NaOH uptake
HCO3
(mS/cm) (µg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mmol/l) (mmol/l) (mmol/l) (mg/l)
10.4.2013 8 3.89
11 24 6.3 2.2 < 0.05 < 0.05 134
15.5.2013 8 3.47
15 24 6.1 2.1 < 0.05 0.06 128
28.8.2013 8.3 4.2
3.1 22 6.5 2 < 0.05 < 0.05 122
27.11.2013 8.1 3.25
38 24 6.8 2.2 < 0.05 < 0.05 134
Cl Br SO4 S-tot NO3 NO2 N-tot Al Na K Ca Mg Fe-tot SiO2 NH4
Suspendedsolids Sr
(mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (µg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l)
10.4.2013 1040 5.8 191 61 32.7 3 9.4 58 540 19 230 19 0.037 81 0.41 19 2
15.5.2013 840 4.1 294 94 39.4 2.1 12 430 460 17 190 23 0.14 370 0.19 64 1.6
28.8.2013 1130 5.9 272 89 44 0.3 10 2 610 20 210 21 0.005 19 0.02 21 2
27.11.2013 840 4.4 198 65 28,9 1.4 8.8 6 440 14 180 20 0.007 17 1.6 39 1.6
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Table 10. Analysis of the results of samples taken from the end of discharge tube.
pH Conductivity Sodium
fluorescein DIC DOC
Total alkalinity. HCl uptake
Carbonate alkalinity. HCl uptake
Total acidity. NaOH uptake
HCO3
(mS/cm) (µg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mmol/l) (mmol/l) (mmol/l) (mg/l)
30.1.2013 8.2 3.6 18 25 7.5 2.1 <0.05 128
13.3.2013 7.9 3.44 3.5 27 6.7 2.4 <0.05 146
15.5.2013 8 3.44 2.8 22 5.8 1.9 <0.05 116
28.8.2013 8.2 4.02 <1 18 6.2 1.6 <0.05 98
11.12.2013 8.1 3.07 13 32 7.1 2.8 <0.05 171
Cl Br SO4 S-tot NO3 NO2 N-tot Na K Ca Mg Fe-tot SiO2 NH4 Sr Suspended
solids
(mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l)
30.1.2013 191 18.5 0.08 6.8
197 36.4 0.3 7.5
15.5.2013 295 46.3 0.07 17
28.8.2013 261 37.7 <0.02 13
11.12.2013 201 13 0.08 41
13.3.2013
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Figure 7. Results of field pH measurements for the sedimentation pool of ONKALO, the end of the discharge tube and the open ditch (measuring point 1). Measuring locations of the points have been presented in Figure 6.
Figure 8. Results of the EC measurements in the sedimentation pool of ONKALO and at the end of the discharge tube in 2013. Note that EC values are expressed as mS/cm.
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Figure 9. NO3, NO2 and N-tot concentrations in sedimentation pool of ONKALO in 2013.
The amount of groundwater from the ONKALO tunnel still plays a minor role in the total amount of water pumped out, because the process waters mix with groundwater. The amount of leaking groundwater in ONKALO is reported in monitoring report of hydrology and hydrogeology (Vaittinen et al. 2014).
Figure 5 shows the sodium fluorescein results for the sedimentation pool of ONKALO and for the end of the discharge tube. Sodium fluorescein decomposes under the influence of UV light. Therefore the sodium fluorescein concentrations in the summertime are slightly smaller than the concentrations in the winter. In 2013, sodium fluorescein concentrations for the sedimentation pool of ONKALO and for the end of the discharge tube were lower than in 2012.
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29
5 SUMMARY
Foreign materials monitoring in ONKALO covers the approval procedure for the materials used in the construction of ONKALO, bookkeeping of materials that end up in the underground facilities either deliberately or accidentally, and monitoring the effect of foreign materials on the ONKALO process water and groundwater.
For the time before repository operation 2012 - 2018 Posiva has updated the monitoring programme (Posiva 2012a). The way of listing and counting foreign materials in different groups has remained the same from 2012.
The most common foreign material introduced in ONKALO is cement and its additives. SR-cement was used for shotcreting, for soldering bolts to rock and in construction materials. The amount of used SR-cement was significantly less than in 2012. No grouting with SR-cement was made in 2013. The inlet air shaft 1 and the personnel shaft 1 down to the level -290 and the vehicle access 13 at chainage 4366 were grouted with silica Meyco MP 320. The acceptance limits for the use of foreign materials have not been exceeded from the perspective of functions critical to long-term safety.
Migration of the dissolved foreign materials in groundwater was monitored by taking water samples from the sedimentation pool of ONKALO, at the end of the discharge tube and from one separate measuring location along the outlet ditch. All the water used in ONKALO is pumped to the surface and collected in the sedimentation pool of ONKALO after removal of residual oil. As expected the highest pH values were measured in the sedimentation pool of ONKALO and at the end of the discharge tube. The pH of the water primarily fluctuated between the values of 7.5 and 8.5. The range of pH was lower than in 2012. This is due to the fact that the amount of used SR-cement has reduced in ONKALO.
Some increases were noted in the electric conductivity values in water samples when shotcreting took place in ONKALO. In general the EC results varied between values of 240 and 400 mS/m, thus making the range of EC slightly wider than in 2012.
The migration of dissolved reaction products of blasting materials can be seen in sedimentation pool of ONKALO when measured values of NO2, NO3 and N-tot concentrations are compared with the ones measured during the baseline determinations (< 1 mg/L). The NO2, NO3 and N-tot concentrations were lower compared to 2012. This is due to the fact that excavation work has reduced and thereby amount of used explosives have decreased.
Sodium fluorescein was added as a tracer so that its' concentration in the process water was 250 g/L. Sodium fluorescein concentration in the outlet water has generally been less than 40 g/L in the sedimentation pool of ONKALO and generally varied between 1 and 25 g/L at the end of the discharge tube, excluding a few outliers. Sodium fluorescein concentrations for the sedimentation pool of ONKALO and for the end of the discharge tube were lower than in 2012.
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31
REFERENCES
Andersson, J., Ahokas, H., Hudson, J., Koskinen, L., Luukkonen, A., Löfman, J., Keto, V., Pitkänen, P., Mattila, J., Ikonen, A.T.K. and Ylä-Mella, M. 2007. Olkiluoto Site Description 2006. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva Report 2007-03.
Hagros, A. 2007. Foreign Materials in the Repository - Update of Estimated Quantities. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva Working Report 2007-17.
Hallbeck, L., Jägevall, S., Pääjärvi, A., Rabe, L., Edlund, J. and Eriksson, S. 2012. Microbial Analyses of Cement and Grouting Additives. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva Working Report 2012-04.
Hjerpe, T. 2003. Engineered and Stray Materials in the Underground Rock Characterisation Facility ONKALO – Estimation of Quantities at the Time of the Backfilling. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva Working Report 2003-48.
Juhola, P. 2005. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2004. Foreign Materials. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva Working Report 2005-27.
Juhola, P. 2007. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2006. Foreign Materials. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva Working Report 2007-54.
Juhola, P. 2008. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2007. Foreign Materials. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva Working Report 2008-26.
Juhola, P. 2009. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2008. Foreign Materials. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva Working Report 2009-46.
Karvonen, T. 2011. Foreign Materials in the Repository - Update of Estimated Quantities. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva Working Report 2011-32.
Kasa, S. 2011. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2009. Foreign Materials. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva Working Report 2010-46.
Lamminmäki, T., Hirvonen, H., Mäkinen, V., Nurminen, A., Paaso, N., Vepsäläinen, A. and Lehtinen, A. 2009. Posivan vesinäytteenoton kenttätyöohje. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva Työraportti 2009-36. (in Finnish with an English abstract).
Pedersen, K., Arlinger, J., Eriksson, S., Hallbeck, M., Johansson, J., Jägevall, S. and Karlsson, L. 2008. Microbiology of Olkiluoto Groundwater. Results and Interpretations 2007. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva Working Report 2008-34.
Posiva Oy 2003. Programme of Monitoring at Olkiluoto during Construction and Operation of the ONKALO. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva 2003-05.
Posiva Oy 2008. ONKALO - Main Drawings in 2007. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva Working Report 2008-01.
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Posiva Oy 2012a. Monitoring at Olkiluoto – a Programme for the Period Before Repository Operation. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. POSIVA 2012-01.
Posiva Oy 2012b. Posiva’s Construction Licence Application for the Final Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel – Hakemus Olikuodon kaselointi- ja loppusijoituslaitoksen rakentamiseksi käytetyn ydinpolttoaineen loppusijoitusta varten. Posiva Oy (31.12.2012) (In finnish).
Sacklén, N. 2015. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2012. Foreign Materials. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva Working Report 2013-46.
Salo, V. 2012. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2010. Foreign Materials. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva Working Report 2011-46.
Salo, V. 2013. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2011. Foreign Materials. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva Working Report 2012-46.
Vaittinen, T., Ahokas, H., Komulainen, J., Nummela, J., Pentti, Turku, J., Karvonen, T. and Aro, S. 2014. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2013, Hydrology and Hydrogeology. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva working report 2014-43.
Vieno, T., Lehikoinen, J., Löfman, J., Nordman, H. and Mészáros, F. 2003. Assessment of Disturbances caused by Construction and Operation of ONKALO. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva 2003-06.
Vuorio, M. 2006. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2005. Foreign Materials. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva Working Report 2006-58.
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APPENDIX 1
Table 1.1. Allowed organic materials in safety level A in ONKALO 2013. The table continues to the six following pages.
Purpose of use Trade name Manufacturer Marking paint AT-marking paint AT-tuote
Non-freezing solution GlycoShell Shell
Windshield cleaning agent Lasol 100 Berner Automotive
Compressor oil Mobil Nuto H32 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab
Lubricant Grease Centra W Shell
Transmission oil Spirax AX 80W-90 Shell
Motor oil Helix Ultra motor oil 5W-40 Shell Transmission oil for automatic transmission Donax YB brake fluid Shell
Motor oil Universal Engine Oil Shell
Motor oil Rimula R3 Multi Oil 10W-30 Shell
Grease Retinax Grease HDX2 Shell
Hydraulic oil Tellus Oil S 68 Shell
Zinc spray Maston Zinc spray Maston
Cleaning agent for vehicles PS-10 JL-Tuotteet
Brake fluid Donax TA Shell Water softener (cleaning vehicles) Kärcher RM 110 ASF Ultra Kärcher Oy
Fuel Thermo City. winter/summer Shell
Drainage pipe under shotcrete Drainage pipe (PE foam) Almacon Oy
Densiphalt coating mixture Densiphalt Densit a/s For raising boring machine. lubricant for bar thread Bestolife 3010 Ultra Bestolife Co For raising boring machine. lubricant for bar thread Copparpaste Würth Svenska AB For raising boring machine. lubricant for bar thread Acrylic Sealant Würth Svenska AB For raising boring machine. lubricant for bar thread
Battery terminal protector 189365 Würth Svenska AB
For raising boring machine. lubricant for bar thread
Battery terminal protector 0890104 Würth Svenska AB
For raising boring machine. lubricant for bar thread Contact OL Würth Svenska AB For raising boring machine. lubricant for bar thread Brake clearer Würth Svenska AB For raising boring machine. lubricant for bar thread Multi 2000 Würth Svenska AB For raising boring machine. lubricant for bar thread Hand cleaner Würth Svenska AB For raising boring machine. lubricant for bar thread Handfoam Würth Svenska AB
34
Purpose of use Trade name Manufacturer Diesel engine oil CAT DEO 15W-40 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab
Diesel engine oil CAT DEO 10W-30 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab
Hydraulic oil CAT Hydraulic Oil SAE 10 W ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab
Hydraulic- and transmission oil
CAT Multipurpose Tractor Oil (MTO) ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab
Transmission oil CAT TDTO 30 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab
Coolant CAT ELC Premix 50/50 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab
Additive of hydraulic oil CAT Hydraulic Oil Additive ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab
Coolant for Land Rover Korrek Coolant G30 Korrek (Berner Oy automotive)
Transmission oil for Land Rover Castrol SMX-S Nordic Lubricants
Brake fluid for Land Rover Castrol Response DOT 4 Nordic Lubricants Power steering liquid for Land Rover Castrol TQ Dextron III Nordic Lubricants Universal grease for Land Rover
Swivel Housing Grease STC 3435 Land Rover
Fire foam Ecopol Bio Ex SA Silicone foam 3-6548 silicone RTV foam Dow Corning SA
Cooling oil Sigma Fluid S-460 KAESER Kompressoren GmbH
Acetic acid for emulsion blasting Acetic acid Algol Chemicals Oy Grease for percussion hammer Chisel Paste Fuchs Lubritech GmbH In-situ rock stress measurement: Solvent for cleaning the sensor Acetone VWR International In-situ rock stress measurement: Solvent for cleaning the sensor T-Röd Kemetyl AB In-situ rock stress measurement: Component A to fix the sensor Glue 3 00305 A Gelb E. Epple & Co. GmbH In-situ rock stress measurement: Component B to fix the sensor Glue 3 00305 B Blaub E. Epple & Co. GmbH In-situ rock stress measurement: Fixing the joint of the cable White vaselin Svenska Statoil AB In-situ rock stress measurement: Liquid for the compass Petroleum Spirit Alcro-Beckers AB In-situ rock stress measurement: Lubricating the ball bearing CRC-5-56 CRC Industries Europe bvba
35
Purpose of use Trade name Manufacturer Washing agent for vehicles Glass Clean CRC Lubricant Silicone CRC Lubricant 5-56 CRC Cleaning agent Brakleen CRC Lubricant Multilube CRC Cleaning agent for the maintenance of plug pins
Special-lubricant for the maintenance Mennekes Elektrotechnik
Copper paste Copper paste CU800 Würth Hydraulic oil Hydraulic oil 46S Teboil
Diesel engine oil Mobil Delvac Super 1400 10W-30 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab
Automatic transmission oil Mobil ATF ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab
Grease Mobilux EP2 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab
Transmission oil Mobilube LS 85W-90 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab Transmission oil Spirax MB90 Shell Transmission oil Spirax MA 80W Shell Transmission oil Shell Donax TD 10W-30 Shell Motor oil Rimula R4L 15W-40 Shell Cleaning agent Industol PE2 IS-VET Oy Centralizer in Posiva Flow Log
Centralizer of Posiva Flow Log Etra
Rubber sheet in Posiva Flow Log Posiva Flow Log rubber disc Kumijaloste Oy Tapes in Posiva Flow Log AT8 Floor marking tape Advancetapes Tapes in Posiva Flow Log 3M vinyl tape 471 3M in Finland Tapes in Posiva Flow Log 3 different tapes Teippikeskus Oy
Sealant in Posiva Flow Log Molykote 111 Dow Corning Corporation Corporate Center
Joint grease ENSTO joint grease SR 1 Ensto Sekko Oy NDT testing materials Bycotest RP20 Bycosin AB NDT testing materials Bycotest D30 Bycosin AB NDT testing materials Bycotest C5 Bycosin AB Water insulation of SRS pools at level -284 Sulin Plastic Mortar Sulin Oy Semi glossy & glossy spray paints Würth blue and black Würth Oy Derusting agent MoS2 CRC Motor oil Shell Rimula R6LM 228,51 Shell
Transmission oil Shell Rimula R3 10W (API CD) Shell
Axel oil Shell Spirax A90LS Shell
Hydraulic oil Shell Tellus Oil S46 (ISO VG46) Shell
Transmission oil Shell Tegula Oil 32 Shell
36
Purpose of use Trade name Manufacturer
Cooling agent GLYCOShell Longlife Concentrate Shell
Motor oil Neste Turbo LXE 15-40 Neste Transmission oil Neste ATF-X Neste Lubricant Neste hypoidi LF Neste Hydraulic oil Neste hydraulic S32 Neste Isolator for condenser tubes NH/Armaflex Armacell GmbH Fuel for fire pump Petrol 95 Octane Shell Motor oil Mobil Delvac 1 LE 5W-30 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab Transmission oil Mobiltrans MBT 75W-90 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab Hydraulic oil Mobil DTE 10 Excel 32 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab Transmission oil Mobilube 1 SHC 75W-90 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab Hydraulic oil Shell Tellus S 46 Shell Transimission oil Shell Spirax S3 AX 80W-90 Shell Lubricant grease Shell Retinax Grease EP2 Shell Lubricant grease Shell Gadus S2 V220-2 Shell Lubricant CRC 5-56 CRC Lubricant for bar thread Bestolife 4010 NM Bestolife Co
Refrigerant DuPont SUVA®407C DuPont de Nemours (Nederland) B.V
Hydraulic oil PYROTEC HFD 46 Exxonmobil Finland Oy Ab Vaseline spray for grouting equipment PRF Bajol Taerosol Oy Hydraulic oil Kendall Hyken Golden Kendall Hyken Diesel engine oil Kendall Super-D XA Kendall Hyken Golden Protective agent for grouting equipment Neste Muotti L Neste Markkinointi Oy
Compressor oil Shell Corena S2 R 46 Shell Motor oil Mobil 1 ESP Formula 5W-30 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab Lubricating oil Shell Air Tool Oil S2 A 100 Shell Lubricant grease Shell Gadus S3 A1300C 2 Shell Refrigerating machine oil EMKARATE RL Oy Combi Cool Cleansing Finroy concrete removal Finroy Finland Oy Motor oil for Volkswagen Amarok 4Motion and Transporter-Caravelle 2.5 TDI 96kW 4Motion Euro 5 Castrol Edge 0W-30 Castrol Brake fluid for Volkswagen Amarok 4Motion and Transporter-Caravelle 2.5 TDI 96kW 4Motion Euro 5 Brakefluid Volkswagen AG Coolant for Volkswagen Amarok 4Motion and Transporter-Caravelle 2.5 TDI 96kW 4Motion Euro 5 Coolant AD Volkswagen AG
37
Purpose of use Trade name Manufacturer Power steering fluid for Volkswagen Amarok 4Motion and Transporter-Caravelle 2.5 TDI 96kW 4Motion Euro 5 Oil Volkswagen AG Outboard oil for Volkswagen Amarok 4Motion and Transporter-Caravelle 2.5 TDI 96kW 4Motion Euro 5 Axle oil Volkswagen AG Transmission oil for Volkswagen Amarok 4Motion and Transporter-Caravelle 2.5 TDI 96kW 4Motion Euro 5 Transmission oil Volkswagen AG Lubricant Shell Gadus S2 V220 0 Shell General lubricant Shell Gadus S2 V220 2 Shell
Washing agent Pineline Tehopesu (power washing) Würth Oy
Wax shampoo PS-Polygen JL-Tuotteet Oy Lubricant Shell Spirax S2 ALS 90 Shell Insulation KAIFLEX HF HL Tech Oy Between sedimentation pool and wall Plastic sheet Sauplast Oy Vertical drain between adjustment and construction concrete in sedimentation pool Vertical drainage membrane PMI-Plast GmbH To ensure the concrete cover of reinforment in TTRU-area Tie sleeve Doka Finland Oy Protective agent and sealer for drill rod threads Sandvik Thread Compound
Sandvik Mining & Construction
For grouting of rock joint and construction joints in concrete structure Grouting hose Joco 10 Muottikolmio Oy To ensure the concrete cover of reinforment in TTRU-area Linear rebar spacer Okaria Oy Curing of constructional concrete surfaces
Concrete curing compound Curing 103 Semtu Oy
Waterproofing of aluminium tie bar in TTRU-area Seal bar Okaria Oy For soil separation, protection and drying in TTRU-area Geo membrane TS 4 Oy ViaPipe Ab Oil for Volkswagen Transporter-Caravelle 4Motion vehicle Volkswagen HIGH PERFO Volkswagen AG Two-component glue for installation of tie bars Repoxal Max Frank GmbH & Co KG To ensure the concrete cover of reinforment in TTRU-area Rebar spacer Okaria Oy Brake fluid for Mercedes-Benz Vito vehicle DOT 5.1 W-MAX Würth Oy
38
Purpose of use Trade name Manufacturer Automatic transmission oil for Mercedes-Benz Vito vehicle Mobil ATF 134 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab Coolant for Mercedes-Benz Vito vehicle Mobil Antifreeze ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab Transfer oil for Mercedes-Benz Vito vehicle
Automatic-Getriebeöl, ATF 3353 Daimler AG
Power steering liquid for Mercedes-Benz Vito vehicle
Servolenkungsöl/-Lenkgetriebeöl Daimler AG
Driving gear oil of front axle for Mercedes-Benz Vito vehicle Hinterachsöl, Blatt 235.8 Daimler AG Driving gear oil of rear axle for Mercedes-Benz Vito vehicle
Universal-Hypoidgetriebeöl, SAE 75 W-85 Daimler AG
Protection of constructional concrete Foam strip Meltex Oy Lubricant for percussion hammer 5-Wheel Grease Svenska Statoil Ab General lubricant Chassis Grease Svenska Statoil Ab Diesel engine oil Neste Diesel 10W-30 Neste Markkinointi Oy Diesel engine oil Neste Diesel 15W-40 Neste Markkinointi Oy Industrial oil Neste Ilmatyö 46 Neste Markkinointi Oy Prototype of canister installation vehicle: Brake fluid Shell Tellus Oil 32 Shell Prototype of canister installation vehicle: Lubricant for winch and brake hubs Shell Omala S2 G 320 Shell Prototype of canister installation vehicle: Hydraulic oil PYROTEC HFD 46 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab Brake fluid for Volvo V70 II 2.4 D5 AWD vehicle Brake fluid VolvoAutomatic transmission oil for Volvo V70 II 2.4 D5 AWD vehicle Transmission oil VolvoAngle transmission oil for Volvo V70 II 2.4 D5 AWD vehicle Transmission oil VolvoSwitch oil for Volvo V70 II 2.4 D5 AWD vehicle AWD Transmission oil clutch VolvoRear axle oil for Volvo V70 II 2.4 D5 AWD vehicle Rear axle oil VolvoEngine oil for Volvo V70 II 2.4 D5 AWD vehicle
Moottoriöljy (Engine oil) 0w-30 LongLife Volvo
Non-freezing solution for Volvo V70 II 2.4 D5 AWD vehicle Coolant Concentrated Volvo
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Purpose of use Trade name Manufacturer Power steering liquid for Volvo V70 II 2.4 D5 AWD vehicle
TEHOSTINÖLJY (Power steering liquid) Volvo
Hydraulic oil Shell Tellus Arctic Oil 32 Univar Oy
Engine oil for Peugeot Boxer Castrol Magnatec Professional 5W-30 Nordic Lubricants AB
Transmission oil for Peugeot Boxer Mobil gear oil BV 75W-80 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab
Coolant for Peugeot Boxer REVKOGEL(TM) Antigel 2000 Dow France SAS
Brake fluid for Peugeot Boxer Mobil Brake Fluid DOT 4 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab Power steering liquid for Peugeot Boxer Power steering liquid Total Lubrifiants Lubricant Castrol Obeen UF 2 Telko Oy Lubricants Lubricant grease Mobilith SHC 220 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab Transmission oil Mobil SHC 629 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab
Transmission oil Klüberoil GEM 1-220 N Klüber Lubrication Skandinavien A/S
Transmission oil Klübersynth GH 6-220 Klüber Lubrication Skandinavien A/S
Transmission oil Mobilube HD 80W-90 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab Transmission oil Mobilube LS 85W-90 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab Coolant HD ZERO BS6580 Aspokem Oy
Fuel Shell Diesel winter grade and summer grade St1 Energy Oy
Hydraulic oil Houghto-Safe 620E Houghton Finland
Protective agent for metal Metallisuoja HT (Protective agent for metal)
Würth Oy
Protective agent for metal HSP 1400 Würth Oy Cleaning agent for welding of acid resisting steel pipe
Neste Isopropanoli (Isopropanol) Neste Oil
For fire suppression of prototype of canister transfer / installation vehicle prototype
Tunnistuspiirin neste -30 (Detector circuit liquid) Fogmaker International AB
For fire suppression of prototype of canister transfer / installation vehicle
Fire suppression liquid Extinguishant -35 Fogmaker International AB
Lubricating oil Shell Omala S4 WE 320 Univar Oy
Lubricating oil Texaco Meropa ISO 220 Finnoleum Oy
Hydraulic oil Shell Tellus Oil 32 Univar Oy Lubricant grease Shell Gadus S2 V100 2 Univar Oy
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Table 1.2. Allowed cement, concrete and additives; inorganic nitrogen compounds and inorganic compounds in safety level A in ONKALO 2013.
Cement, concrete and additives Purpose of use Trade name Manufacturer Additive in grouting Cementa Set Control II Cementa AB
Superplasticiser in grouting Scanchem SP-40 Sika Norge
Additive in grouting GroutAid Elkem ASA
Cement for grouting Ultrafin 16 Cementa AB
Cement for shotcrete SR-cement Finnsementti Oy
Accelerator in shotcrete Mapequick AF-2000 Rescon Mapei
Additive in shotcrete Super-Parmix Finnsementti Oy
Shotcrete additive Parmix-Silika Finnsementti Oy Flooring material hardening agent Mastertop 450 BASF Oy
Accelerator in grouting Calcium chloride CaCl2 Nedmag B.V
Non-shrink grouting mortar Mastertop 928 BASF Oy
Cement coating Finnseco S Tikkurila Oyj
Superplasticiser in grouting Melcrete 500L (Kallio-Parmix) BASF Oy
Superplasticiser in shotcrete Pantarhit LK FM Ha-Be Finnland
Accelerator in shotcrete Gecedral F 2000 HP Ha-Be Finnland
Thin-layer mortar Weber Vetonit OL 15 Saint-Gobain Weber Oy Ab
Mortar Weber Vetonit ML 10 mortar Saint-Gobain Weber Oy Ab
Viscosity additive Stabilisierer DF (ST)Ha-Be Betonchemie GmbH & Co. KG
Additive in concrete for POPLU test plug Fesil microsilica Fesil Rana Metall As Additive in concrete for POPLU test plug Quartz NFQ 0-0,2 Sibelco Nordic Oy Ab Additive in concrete for POPLU test plug Quartz FFQ 45 Sibelco Nordic Oy Ab
Cement for grouting Ultrafin 12 Cementa AB Mortar for technical building service rooms Weber Vetonit ML 5 Saint-Gobain Weber Oy Ab In concrete for POPLU test plug Fly ash B4 Emineral a/s
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Nitrogen compounds Purpose of use Trade name Manufacturer Electric detonator Firex VA-L OY FORCIT AB
Blasting cartridge Kemix A - cartridge OY FORCIT AB
Detonating cord F-cord 10 OY FORCIT AB
Detonator NONEL OY FORCIT AB
Blasting pipe charge Kemix A- pipe charge OY FORCIT AB
Bulk-emulsion Kemiitti 810 OY FORCIT AB
Fuel additive GREENOX AdBlue Yara International ARA
Detonating cord Detocord Lapuan Räjähdysainepalvelu Oy
Presplit product Riogur F CD Maxam Suomi Oy
Detonator Forprime OY FORCIT AB
Inorganic compounds
Purpose of use Trade name Manufacturer
Marking paint Falu Red Ochre paint Tikkurila
Charging hole plug Maxam Taco clay plug Maxam Europe S.A
Welding rod Arosta 304L Lincoln Electric
Plaster mortar Rimat 2000 Gyproc G66 Gyproc Oy
Plaster mortar Gyproc G77 Gold Saint-Gobain Rakennustuotteet Oy
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Table 1.3. Allowed materials in safety level B in ONKALO 2013.
Metals
Purpose of use Manufacturer Material Rock bolt Ørsta Stal AS CT-rock bolt Reinforcement bar Fundia Deformed reinforcement bar
Shotcrete Fibres Fibco GmbH Shotcrete fibers CF-03-35
Mine net Tammet Oy Mine net Shotcrete Fibres Bekaert Dramix Shotcrete Fibres
Posiva Flow Log Metal parts in Posiva Flow Log
Springwire to center the deformed reinforcement bar Springwire AB Steel springwire Kiiruna bolts for rock strengthening Pyhäsalmen Metallityö Deformed reinforcement bar Pipe collar Würth Oy Stainless steel Steel bolt Outokumpu Oyj LDX 2101-steel bolt Tie bar for concrete formwork in TTRU-area Norsk Hydro ASA Roundbar-aluminium rod
Rock reinforcement Suomen Metallityö Oy Modified FIN bolt7 Bolting the ventilation brackets Mertek-Group Oy
Bolt M16x50 and screw M16
Attaching the fire door frame to the concrete structure Hilti Oy
Screw anchor HUS-HR 8x55/-/5
Fastening the capping of ventilation brackets Masterfix Product bv Blind rivets stainless steel Connecting anchor for rock reinforcement mesh
A number of different manufacturers
Network anchor: threaded rod M20
Equipment hook Sormat Oy PFG HBF 10 forged hook bolt Fastening fire water service network Valbruna Nordic AB Reinforcement bolts Fastening fire water service network Outokumpu Oyj Steel sheets
7 Includes also to safety level A
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Other
Purpose of use Manufacturer Material Absorbent Berner Oy Absodan universal Marker Stanford NA Peel Off China Marker Tracer in water Merck kGaA Fluorescein sodium Absorbent Balerman Oy Chem-Sorb Absorbent CC-Company Ikasorb 1030
Fire insulating material Paroc Wired Mat 80 Wall element in rescue chamber Rudus Oy
RUDUS VSK-100 wall element
Oil spill prevention materials, absorbent textile for oil and chemical leak Yxhult Miljö Ab Absol Oil spill prevention materials, waterproofed oil absorbent textile ECOTEXTIL Oil Only Oil spill prevention materials, chemical absorbent textile ECOTEXTIL
Universal KEM absorbent textile
Oil spill prevention materials, absorbent textile for large oil spill
Paroc Oy Ab
Clean oil absorbent textile
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Table 1.4. Temporarily allowed materials in ONKALO 2013.
Purpose of use Manufacturer Material
For grouting if needed Finnsementti SR cement Cement for protecting tube in drillholes Lafarge Aluminates Ciment Fondu Lafarge Accelerator for Ciment Fondu Lafarge Chemetall GmbH Ciment Fondu accelerator Engine pan oil for Land Rover tunnel car Castrol
Castrol TXT Softec Plus Neu 5W-30
Transmission and axle lubricant for Land Rover tunnel car Castrol Castrol SAF-XO
Additive in cement Insinööritoimisto Sulin Oy Xypex concentrate - Xypex modified
Cement for stabilization of OL-KR48 Lafarge Aluminates Ciment Fondu Lafarge Glue in convergence measurements Würth Oy Würth WIT-C 100/200
Glue for fixing warning signs Oy SIKA Finland AB Sikaflex-221
Accelerator in grouting Brenntag Nordic Oy CaCl2 Glue for POM-tubes in EDZ studies Oy SIKA Finland AB Sikaflex-291
Tubes in EDZ studies unknown POM, polyoksymethylen tube In-situ rock stress measurement: HBM X60A for gluing the strain gauges
Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH Glue component HBM X60A
In-situ rock stress measurement: HBM X60B for gluing the strain gauge
Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH Glue component HBM X60B
In-situ rock stress measurement: Polyurethane for sealing Oy SIKA Finland AB Sikaflex-11FC+ In-situ rock stress measurement: Keeping stripes waterproof Vishay Micro-Measurements M-Coat In-situ rock stress measurement: Solvent for cleaning Vishay Micro-Measurements M-Line Rosin Solvent In-situ rock stress measurement: Cleaning spray Würth Oy Würth cleaning spray In-situ rock stress measurement: Alternative glue Bostik Oy Araldite Rapid
Colloidal silica for grouting BASF Oy Meyco MP 320 and Meyco MP 320T
Test solution in U-redox experiments
Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Institute of Radiochemistry UO2(ClO4)-solution
Anchoring cement Hilti (Suomi) Oy Hilti HIT-HY 150
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Purpose of use Manufacturer Material
Temperature sensor Maxim Integrated Maxim DS18B20 NTC-thermistor Vishay Electronic GmbH Vishay NTC-termistori
Conductor unknown Conductors multithread copper wire
Encapsulating material unknown Acid-proof steel EN-1.4404
Two component clue Bostik Oy Araldite Rapid
Installation conduit unknown Extruded acrylic tube Low-pH cement for support bolts, silica Finnsementti Oy Parmix Silica Low-pH cement for support bolts, cement Finnsementti Oy SR-cement Low-pH cement for support bolts, additive Finnsementti Oy
Melcret 500 L (Kallio Parmix)
Low-pH cement for support bolts, Superplasticiser Kao Chemicals GmbH Mighty 150
Fastening mortar, walls Ardex Oy Ardex X77 Adhesion improving agent for fastening mortar Ardex Oy Ardex P82 A Adhesion improving agent for fastening mortar Ardex Oy Ardex P82 B Sealing compound for canister instrumentation channel Oy Sika Finland Ab Sikasil-C
Filler for instrumentation tube Nanten Oy Nanten PU-VM Fixing agent for instrumentation tube fillers Oy Sika Finland Ab Sikaflex 11 FC+
On canister Heating resistor Dow Corning Europe S.A Molykote HCS Plus Locking and sealing of instrumentation tube Henkel Norden Oy Loctite 577
Additive in grouting Merck KGaA NaCl
Additive in grouting Merck KGaA CaCl2 POSE experiment, chemicals for phase III: Two-component glue
Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH
HBM X280, component A
POSE experiment, chemical for phase III: Two-component glue
Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH
HBM X280, component B
POSE experiment, chemical for phase III: Protection agent for strain gauge component
Vishay Measurements Group, Inc Vishay MM 3145 RTV
POSE experiment, chemical for phase III: Protection agent for sensors and sensor lines Oy Sika Finland Ab Sika Firesil-N POSE experiment, filling material for phase III Almatis GmbH Alumina particles, T60/T64
46
Purpose of use Manufacturer Material Smoke barrier material for fire walls in ONKALO shaft connection Würth Oy
SealFire 350 and 300 fire foam
REPRO test chemical: Research container decontamination Altia Oyj ETAX B technical ethanol REPRO test chemical: Research container decontamination Sigma-Aldrich Finland Oy HNO3 REPRO test chemical: pH adjustment Sigma-Aldrich Finland Oy NH3 REPRO test chemical: pH adjustment Sigma-Aldrich Finland Oy NaOH REPRO test chemical: Liquid scintillation counting
PerkinElmer Life & Analytical Sciences B.V. Ultima Gold XR
REPRO test chemical: Tracer Merck KGaA Sodium fluorescein REPRO test chemical: Tracer Scopus Research B.V. Cl-36 REPRO test chemical: Tracer PerkinElmer I-125 REPRO test chemical: Tracer PerkinElmer H-3 REPRO test chemical: Tracer PerkinElmer Na-22 REPRO test chemical: Tracer PerkinElmer Sr-85 REPRO test chemical: Tracer Sonar Oy Ba-133 Fixation agent for microbiological sampling Reagena International Oy Ltd Formaldehyde
Sealing material Hilti Oy Hilti CFS-IS EDZ studies, investigation niche 3 SOUDAL N.V Silicone sealant
Test point anchoring Würth Oy Chemical anchor
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APPENDIX 2
Materials forbidden to be used in ONKALO.
Name of the material Reason for rejection
Finnsementti Perus-Parmix Includes lignosulphate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport
Rescon Mapei Sprut 34 Better alternative found Masterbuilders Rheocem 800T Better alternative found Masterbuilders Rheocem 800SR Better alternative found Masterbuilders Rheobuilt 2000PF Better alternative found Rescon Mapei Mikrocem 800 Better alternative found Rescon Mapei Mikrocem 650 SR
Better alternative found
Rescon Mapei Mapefluid 400 N Better alternative found Windscreen washing agents Only Lasol allowed Würth marking paint Better alternative found AQUA Master marking paint Better alternative found Marking paint Mercalin RS Better alternative found Tikkurila Oil based red paint Better alternative found Tikkurila Siroplast 2 roofpaint Better alternative found
Finnsementti VB-Parmix Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport
Hilti HIT-HY 150 Forbidden in ONKALO design plan.
Semtu Oy Structuro 111X Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport
CC-Company CC de-icing agent
Includes chlorides, causes copper corrosion and disturbs ONKALO monitoring
Finnsementti Megacement Better alternative found Würth WIT-C100/200 Includes organic material
Polylac ABS Braking springs Includes organic material All manufacturers for polycarboxylate
Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport
Finnsementti Elementti-Parmix
Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport
Finnsementti Vario-Parmix Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport
Finnsementti Elementti-S Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport
Semtu Adva Flow Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport
Sika Sikament Eco 12 Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport
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Name of the material Reason for rejection
BASF Glenium Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport
Finnsementti Super-Permix Superplasticizer for grouting, better alternative found Bozetto Group Flube OS 39 Better alternative found Bozetto Group Flube CA 40 Better alternative found Forcit Oy Ab plug Includes polystyrene, causes copper corrosion Sormat Oy ITH 300EA, 380EA
Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport
BASF Mastertop 100 Better alternative found Kemira Oyj Kemwater PAX-XL60
Includes chlorides, causes copper corrosion and disturbs ONKALO monitoring
Mapetard SD-2000 Includes phosphorus Dynamon SX-N SD-2000 Includes polycarboxylates Pantarhol 85 VZ Includes phosphorus Mapefluid HPS 35 Includes melamine