results of monitoring at olkiluoto in 2011 - posiva

June 2013

Working Reports contain information on work in progress

or pending completion.

Vil le Salo

Posiva Oy

Working Report 2012-46

Results of Monitoringat Olkiluoto in 2011

Foreign Materials

1

Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2011, Foreign Materials ABSTRACT This report focuses on foreign materials introduced to ONKALO. These foreign materi-als are not part of the engineered multi-barrier system or the natural environment. All the allowed materials introduced to ONKALO are included in the material handbook. All materials used in ONKALO 2011 are listed in this report. During 2011 the ONKALO access tunnel was excavated from the chainage of 4570 to the chainage of 4913 and the total excavated volume in 2011 was 77750 m3. During the years from 2004 to 2011 the total excavated volume was 305240 m3. This report also summaries the total amount of foreign materials used in ONKALO since 2004. All waters used during the excavation of ONKALO have been pumped up to the surface into a sedimentation pool. In 2011 water samples were taken from sedimentation pool and from the outlet ditch. The chemistry of these waters can indicate us how the foreign materials have effected on the undisturbed groundwater chemistry. Keywords: Foreign materials, disposal of spent fuel, monitoring, Olkiluoto, ONKALO.

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ONKALOn monitorointiraportti 2011: Vieraat aineet TIIVISTELMÄ Tässä raportissa käsitellään ONKALOon vuoden 2011 aikana vietyjä materiaaleja. Vie-raat materiaalit ovat ONKALOn rakentamisessa käytettäviä aineita, jotka eivät kuulu moniesteperiaatteeseen eivätkä kallioperään. Kaikki ONKALOssa käytettäväksi sallitut materiaalit on listattu materiaalikäsikirjassa. Tässä raportissa on esitetty kaikki vuoden 2011 aikana ONKALOn rakentamisessa käytetyt vieraat materiaalit. Vuoden 2011 aika-na ONKALOn ajotunneli eteni paalulta 4570 paalulle 4913, louhitun kalliotilavuuden ollessa 77750 m3. Vuosina 2004 - 2011 louhitun kallion kokonaistilavuus on 305240 m3. Tässä raportissa esitetään myös kaikki ONKALOn rakentamisen alusta vuodesta 2004 lähtien käytettyjen vieraiden aineiden määrät. Kaikki ONKALOn rakentamisen aikana käytetty vesi pumpataan maanpinnalle sedi-mentaatio altaaseen. Vuonna 2011 vesinäytteitä otettiin sedimentaatioaltaasta, purku-putken päästä ja purkuojasta. Näiden vesien kemian muutokset ennakoivat vieraiden materiaalien vaikutuksia perustilan vesikemiaan. Avainsanat: Vieraat materiaalit, käytetyn ydinpolttoaineen loppusijoitus, monitorointi, Olkiluoto, ONKALO.

1

TABLE OF CONTENT ABSTRACT TIIVISTELMÄ 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 2 2 FOREIGN MATERIALS AND MATERIAL HANDBOOK .............................................. 4

2.1 Foreign materials .................................................................................................. 4 2.2 Material handbook ................................................................................................ 4 2.3 Allowed foreign materials ...................................................................................... 5 2.4 Forbidden foreign materials .................................................................................. 5 2.5 Quality control ....................................................................................................... 7

3 MATERIALS AND AMOUNT USED IN ONKALO ........................................................ 9

3.1 Safety level A ........................................................................................................ 9 3.1.1 Cement, concrete and additives .................................................................... 9 3.1.2 Organic compounds ..................................................................................... 12 3.1.3 Nitrogen compounds .................................................................................... 12 3.1.4 Other inorganic compounds ......................................................................... 13

3.2 Safety level B ...................................................................................................... 13 3.2.1 Metals .......................................................................................................... 13 3.2.2 Other materials ............................................................................................ 13

4 MONITORING OF ONKALO CONSTRUCTION ....................................................... 15

4.1 ONKALO process waters .................................................................................... 15 4.2 Sedimentation pool and discharge tube ............................................................. 16

5 DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................ 22 6 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................... 23 Appendix 1 .................................................................................................................... 25 Appendix 2 .................................................................................................................... 31

2

1 INTRODUCTION

In July 2004 Posiva began to construct an underground rock characterization facility called ONKALO. The characterisation level at –420 m was reached in summer of 2010. The construction of ONKALO and subsequently the construction of the repository, will affect the surrounding rock mass and the groundwater flow system as well as the envi-ronment. In December 2003 a programme for monitoring at Olkiluoto during construc-tion and operation of ONKALO was presented (Posiva 2003). A summary of the obser-vations and measurements is reported annually for each topic. Foreign materials is one part of the monitoring system, others are rock mechanics, hydrogeology, hydrogeo-chemistry and environment. The aim of this report is to give an overview of the progress of monitoring the foreign materials. This report presents the monitoring of foreign materials introduced into ONKALO since the start of construction in June 2004. Juhola 2005, Vuorio 2006, Ju-hola 2007, Juhola 2008, Kasa 2011 and Salo 2012 presented the earlier results and pro-gress of the foreign materials monitoring. The current foreign materials monitoring schedule is presented in Table 1. Table 1. The monitoring schedule of foreign materials during 2004-2012. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012Use of Foreign materials

amount Sedimentation pool

EC and pH -monitoring Groundwater samplings

Discharge tube EC and pH -monitoring Groundwater samplings

Leaking structures and fractures

Groundwater samplings

Continuous (on line) Continuous (weekly) Continuous (monthly)

Four times a year Measuring campaigns

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The underground parts of ONKALO consist of a system of exploratory tunnels accessed via a tunnel and three shafts named hereafter: an inlet air shaft, an outlet air shaft and a personnel shaft. It has been planned that in the future ONKALO will be part of the spent nuclear fuel repository (Saanio et al. 2006). At the end of 2011 ONKALO's access tun-nel was situated at the chainage of 4913 at the level of -438 m. Each tunnel chainage is one metre long. In 2010 the excavated tunnel volume was 77750 m3. The total exca-vated volume of ONKALO tunnel was 305240 m3. The progress of the ONKALO ac-cess tunnel and shafts are presented in Figure 1. The outlet air shaft was rising bored from the level -437 m to the level -290 m. The inlet air shaft was grouted from level -290 m to level -390 m, the outlet air shaft from level -290 m to level -390 m and the personnel shaft from level -285 m to level -420 m. Dem-onstration tunnel 2 was experimentally grouted with colloidal silica.

Figure 1. The progress of access tunnel and shafts at end of 2011 in ONKALO.

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2 FOREIGN MATERIALS AND MATERIAL HANDBOOK

2.1 Foreign materials

Foreign materials, referred also as engineering or stray materials, are those that are nei-ther part of the engineered barrier system (e.g. bentonite, copper canister) nor of the natural environment (rock material or groundwater). Some of the introduced foreign materials will be removed in different cleaning processes before backfilling, but some will necessarily remain in the future repository (Hjerpe 2003). The amount of remaining foreign materials has been estimated in Hjerpe (2003). These estimations have been updated by Hagros (2007) and Karvonen (2011). The latest up-dated estimations are based on the new repository layout produced in 2010 and consider the latest plans for grouting and rock support. Also amount of foreign materials used until 2010 have been taken into account. The most significant updates are the amount of materials used in grouting, shotcreting,support bolts and certain accessory minerals and organic materials of clay. Foreign materials remaining in ONKALO mostly consist of cement used for grouting and shotcreting to reinforcement the ceilings and the walls of the excavation (Vieno et al 2003). The estimated amount of grouting and shotcrete cement introduced in ONKALO is about 11442 tons (Karvonen 2011). Approximately 20-25 % of pre-grouting materials are estimated to be removed during the excavation process. In this report the total amounts are reported, because the estimation of the removable amounts is inaccurate. According to present knowledge it is possible to remove shotcrete before backfilling. Another potentially harmful group of foreign materials consists of hydrocarbons and nitrogen compounds from explosive residues and organic materials. Some of the or-ganic materials are estimated to originate from the ventilation air. A great amount of impurities of ventilation air will be filtered (Posiva 2008). Other major sources of or-ganic materials that will remain in ONKALO include cement additives, for example superplasticizers. Superplasticizers are used to improve the workability of shotcrete and grouting cement (Posiva 2003). Disadvantages of the use of foreign materials are dis-cussed in Vuorio 2006 and in Juhola 2005. As all the materials are not measurable, the amounts of these are based on estimations. These materials include rubber from tyres, exhaust fumes from diesel engines, hydraulic and lubricants oils, urine and other human waste. These amounts are not estimated here but are available in Karvonen 2011.

2.2 Material handbook

The material handbook is a collection of documents providing information of the mate-rials allowed in ONKALO. It includes separate instructions for the use of each material, material safety data sheets (MSDS) and other relevant information. These materials have been divided into two safety levels: Safety level A (the highest safety level) in-cludes materials, which could have impact on long-term safety. Materials in safety level B have no detrimental influence on long-term safety according to present knowledge.

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Safety level A includes cementitious materials and additives, organic compounds, inor-ganic nitrogen compounds and other inorganic compounds. Safety level B includes metals and other materials. Material handbook is saved electronically in Posiva’s Kronodoc-system and is so avail-able when needed. Every worker in ONKALO is obliged to check that the material needed is included in the material handbook and in the list of allowed materials. The instructions for introduction of a new material are found in the material handbook. A new material can be approved for the use in ONKALO, if it is not harmful for long-term safety and it has been evaluated to be suitable for ONKALO conditions. Its func-tionality for ONKALO conditions must have been tested. For a material in the safety level A the disadvantages of its use must be less than the possible disadvantages if it is not used. The material handbook has been updated during 2011. Materials that are not in use anymore have been removed from the material handbook and some material safety data sheets have been updated. Also some special instructions have been checked and up-dated.

2.3 Allowed foreign materials

At the end of 2011 the material handbook listed 218 allowed materials, 157 in safety level A, 16 in safety level B and 45 in temporarily used materials. All the allowed mate-rials at the end of 2011 are listed in Appendix 1 in Tables 1.1 to 1.4. Materials that are not in use anymore (e.g., allowed time for its use expired or a substituting material was found) have been removed from the material handbook. In the Tables of Appendix 1 there are also the names of the manufacturers, in general products are named only by their trade names. Also the purpose of the use has been mentioned. Some materials could be allowed only for short period of time and these temporarily used materials have also been presented in Table 1.4 of Appendix 1. Some restrictions apply to the use of the allowed materials for example, materials can be used for the purpose they are accepted, i.e. motor oils can only be used in vehicles. In general permission to use the material is restricted in certain area that can be enlarged later if needed.

This procedure minimises the number of possible chemicals in ONKALO.

2.4 Forbidden foreign materials

No new materials were forbidden in 2011. At the end of 2011 there were 35 forbidden materials listed and these are presented in Table 2. The forbidden materials were not suitable for ONKALO conditions or may be harmful for long-term safety. Reasons for not allowing using some material may vary, for instance if a material contains more harmful components than a similarly functioning substitute, obviously the material con-taining fewer harmful components will be accepted. Sometimes a substitute material, which is better for the long-term safety, was found.

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Table 2. Materials forbidden to be used in ONKALO. Name of the material Reason for rejection Finnsementti Perus-Parmix Includes lignosulphate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport

Rescon Mapei Sprut 34 Better alternative found

Masterbuilders Rheocem 800T Better alternative found Masterbuilders Rheocem 800SR

Better alternative found

Masterbuilders Rheobuilt 2000PF


Rescon Mapei Mikrocem 800 Better alternative found Rescon Mapei Mikrocem 650 SR


Rescon Mapei Mapefluid 400 N Better alternative found

Windscreen washing agents Only Lasol allowed

Würth marking paint Better alternative found

AQUA Master marking paint Better alternative found

Marking paint Mercalin RS Better alternative found

Tikkurila Oil based red paint Better alternative found

Tikkurila Siroplast 2 roofpaint Better alternative found

Finnsementti VB-Parmix Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport

Hilti HIT-HY 150 Forbidden in ONKALO design plan.

Semtu Oy Structuro 111X Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport CC-Company CC de-icing agent

Includes chlorides, causes copper corrosion and disturbs ONKALO monitoring

Finnsementti Megacement Better alternative found

Würth WIT-C100/200 Includes organic material

Polylac ABS Braking springs Includes organic material All manufacturers for polycarboxylate

Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport

Finnsementti Elementti-Parmix Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport

Finnsementti Vario-Parmix Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport

Finnsementti Elementti-S Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport

Semtu Adva Flow Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport

Sika Sikament Eco 12 Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport

BASF Glenium Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport

Finnsementti Super-Permix Superplasticizer for grouting, better alternative found

Bozetto Group Flube OS 39 Better alternative found

Bozetto Group Flube CA 40 Better alternative found

Forcit Oy Ab plug Includes polystyrene, causes copper corrosion

Sormat Oy ITH 300EA, 380EA Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport

BASF Mastertop 100 Better alternative found Kemira Oyj Kemwater PAX-XL60

Includes chlorides, causes copper corrosion and disturbs ONKALO monitoring

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2.5 Quality control

As a part of ONKALO construction quality control, the use of foreign materials is con-trolled. In 2011 altogether three internal auditing was carried out in ONKALO area. There were some undeclared materials in ONKALO. The undeclared materials were removed from ONKALO. There were 20 oil leakages in ONKALO in 2011 and these have been handled as non-conformities. Oil leaks have been presented in Table 3. All the oil was adsorbed and collected away. Table 3. Oil leaks in ONKALO in 2011.

Date Chainage in ONKALO

Machine Oil Vol [L]

Collected away

8.1.2011 4562-4564 Drilling rig Hydraulic oil 2 All

14.1.2011 n/a1 Oil container Oil ? All

24.1.2011 4590 Cat 316 excavator Hydraulic oil 1,5 All

4.2.2011 n/a1 Oil container Oil 30-40 All

19.4.2011 4665 Drilling rig Hydraulic oil 0,5 All

20.4.2011 Inlet air shaft level -290

Drilling rig Hydraulic oil 12 All

29.4.2011 4660 Shotcreting rig Hydraulic oil 5 All

2.6.2011 ? Himec lifter Hydraulic oil 60 All

30.6.2011 4540 Shotcreting rig Hydraulic oil 100 All

28.7.2011 1200 Dumper Motor Oil 10 All

24.8.2011 4480 Vehicle Motor Oil 0,2 All

26.9.2011 4642 Cat 316 excavator Hydraulic oil 0,5 All

3.10.2011 4665 Carmek lifter Hydraulic oil 5 All

1.11.2011 Outlet air shaft level -290

Raise borer Hydraulic oil 300 All

9.11.2011 4696 Drilling rig Hydraulic oil 45 All



4.12.2011 4870 Himec lifter Hydraulic oil 5 All

5.12.2011 4665 Himec lifter Hydraulic oil 2 All

7.12.2011 4888 Drilling rig Hydraulic oil 0,5 All

1 Not in but connected to ONKALO

The acceptance limits for the use of foreign materials have been defined. These limits have been calculated from estimations by Karvonen (2011). Migration of the dissolved foreign materials in groundwater was monitored at several locations. All water used in ONKALO was pumped up on the ground and led into sedi-

8

mentation pool. Residue oil is removed from the water before it enters the sedimenta-tion pool. The quality of the water in the sedimentation pool and at the end of the discharge tube has been monitored weekly through pH and electrical conductivity (EC) measurements as well as sodium fluorescein analyses. In addition there are four sampling locations along the outlet ditch after the end of the discharge tune where field measurements of pH and EC are carried out. Results are reported in Chapter 4.

9

3 MATERIALS AND AMOUNT USED IN ONKALO

Karvonen (2011) has re-estimated the quantities of foreign materials remaining in the different part of ONKALO and the repository at the time of backfilling. These estima-tions per excavated cubic meter are included in Tables 5 and 6. The categorization of the materials in this report complies with the one used in the ma-terial handbook stored in ONKALODOC. The materials used in ONKALO during 2011 are reported in the following chapters.

3.1 Safety level A

3.1.1 Cement, concrete and additives

In the ONKALO tunnel Cementa Ultrafin 16 (UF-16) was used as grouting cement. SR cement on the other hand was not used in grouting this year. The additives were Grout Aid, Mighty 150 and CaCl2. In Table 4 can be seen separately all grouting materials in 2011. The amounts are also given in Table 5 separately for access tunnel and shafts. In Appendix 2 the graphs are presented for used amounts per yearly quarter. The inlet air shaft was grouted from level -290 to level -390, the outlet air shaft from level -290 to level -390 and the personnel shaft from level -285 to level -420. To avoid high pH cementitious plume, a lower pH cement has been developed. Posiva has been developing low-pH (≤11) cement as a joint project between Posiva, SKB and NUMO (Ahokas et al. 2006). In this project Posiva was responsible for developing a low-pH cementitious grout for fractures of hydraulic aperture over 100 µm. Posiva has continued the development work within the R20 programme by further laboratory test-ing and field tests (Arenius et al. 2008). Posiva, SKB, Nagra and NUMO have a joint project to study long-term safety aspects of superplasticizers. The main long-term safety issue of concern is whether the super-plasticizers or other organic additives in cement might affect the transport properties of radionuclides (Andersson et al. 2008). SR-cement was used for soldering support bolts. These amounts are presented in Table 5. Since 2005 ONKALO has been shotcreted systematically. The material used is SR-cement and the additives used are Mapequick AF2000, Super Parmix, Kallio Parmix and Parmix Silica. The amount of used shotcrete in 2011 is given in Table 5. Colloidal silica has been studied and tested in ONKALO for the sealing of fractures with a small hydraulic aperture. The release of silica colloids from the silica sol gel, the stability of silica colloids and sorption of Eu-152 on silica colloids were studied (Hölttä and Hakanen 2008, Hölttä et al. 2009).

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Tab

le 4

. Gro

utin

g m

ater

ials

in O

NK

AL

O in

201

1.

C

hai

nag

e C

emen

tC

emen

t A

dd

itiv

e A

dd

itiv

e A

dd

itiv

e M

ater

ial

Ad

dit

ive

Rem

ark

s D

ate

U

F16

S

R-

cem

ent

Gro

ut

Aid

M

igh

ty

150

CaC

l 2

Mey

co

MP

320

NaC

l [m

] [k

g]

[kg]

[k

g]

[kg]

[k

g]

[kg]

[k

g]

23

.2.2

011

1795

24

85

119

152

Out

let a

ir s

haft

17

.3.2

011

484

670

32

41

Out

let a

ir s

haft

12

.4.2

011

614

851

41

52

Per

sonn

el s

haft

15

.4.2

011

139

Dem

onst

rati

on tu

nnel

1, p

lugg

ing

afte

r

10.5

.201

1 53

4 73

9 35

45

O

utle

t air

sha

ft30

.6.2

011

1396

19

33

95

118

Out

let a

ir s

haft

12.8

.201

1 14

05

1946

96

11

9

O

utle

t air

sha

ft20

.10.

2011

47

8 82

D

emon

stra

tion

tunn

el 2

, cha

inag

e 53

1.

11.2

011

675

115

Dem

onst

rati

on tu

nnel

2, c

hain

age

53

7.11

.201

1 11

6 20

D

emon

stra

tion

tunn

el 2

, cha

inag

e 53

8.

11.2

011

66

11

Dem

onst

rati

on tu

nnel

2, c

hain

age

53

10.1

1.20

11

126

22

Dem

onst

rati

on tu

nnel

2, c

hain

age

48

15.1

1.20

11

481

82

Dem

onst

rati

on tu

nnel

2, c

hain

age

53

22.1

1.20

11

1644

16

44

112

139

Inle

t air

sha

ft

24.1

1.20

11

439

75

Dem

onst

rati

on tu

nnel

2, c

hain

age

53

Tot

al

7872

13

9 10

268

530

666

2381

40

7

10

11

Table 5. Cementitious materials and additives used in ONKALO. The total used amount from the beginning of construction are detailed separately for ONKALO and for ONKALO including open cut.

Materials ONKALO 2011

Total ONKALO 2004-2011

Total ONKALO and open cut

ONKALO 2011 VOLUME = 305240 m3

Amount Dry

weight Amount Dry

weight Amount Dry

weight 2004-2011

Estima-ted

[kg] [kg] [kg] [kg] [kg] [kg] [kg/m3] [kg/m3]

Grouting

Cements

Ultrafin16 (tunnel) 0 410293 425652 1,34

Ultrafin16 (shafts) 7872 113629 113629 0,37

SR-Cement (tunnel) 0 18880 18880 0,06

SR-Cement (shafts) 0 390 390 0,00 Grouting cement total 7873 543192 558551 1,78 2,08

Additives

Set Control II 0 3480 1566 3741 1683 0,01

SP-40 0 3176 1270 3242 1297 0,01

Grout Aid (tunnel) 0 106564 53282 106564 53282 0,35

Grout Aid (shafts) 10268 5134 100642 50321 100642 50321 0,33

Mighty150 (tunnel) 0 4181 1672 4181 1672 0,01

Mighty150 (shafts) 530 212 4906 1962 4906 1962 0,02

CaCl2 (tunnel) 0 2374 855 2374 855 0,01

CaCl2 (shafts) 666 240 3972 1322 3972 1322 0,01

Plugging after grouting

Cements

Ultrafin16 0 6161 6161 0,02

SR-Cement 139 541 541 0,00

Rapid-cement 0 0 7122 0,00

Plugging cement total 139 6702 13824 0,02

Shotcrete

Cements

Megacement 0 0 1290 0,00

Rapid-cement 0 29660 29660 0,10

SR-Cement 1028106 3945784 3945784 12,92

Shotcrete Total 1028106 3975444 3976734 13,03 31,78

Additives

Structuro 111X 0 1952 1952 0,01

AF2000 47220 23610 181127 181127 0,59

Parmix Silica 89907 53944 238369 238369 0,78

Super-Parmix 10052 4021 68648 68648 0,22

Kallio-Parmix 19625 7850 19625 19625 0,06 Shotcrete additives total 166804 89425 509720 509720 1,67 3,45

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Tabel 5. Cont.

Materials ONKALO 2011


Total ONKALO and open cut

ONKALO 2011 VOLUME = 305240 m3

Amount Dry

weight Amount Dry

weight Amount Dry

weight 2004-2011

Estima-ted

[kg] [kg] [kg] [kg] [kg] [kg] [kg/m3] [kg/m3]

Cement for anchor and support bolts

Cements

SR-Cement 49372 157472 157472 0,52

Rapid-cement 0 0 4251 0,00 Cement for solders total 49372 157472 161723 0,52 0,72

3.1.2 Organic compounds

Some of the cement additives can also be organic compounds but these have been clas-sified to the same group with cement. Geological measurement points were marked in ONKALO with AT-marking paint. In 2011 36 L paint was used, the total amount used during construction is 1384 L. Different kinds of organics oils, such as lubricants, anti-freeze solutions and fuel were used in the vehicles in ONKALO. The amounts of fuel oil and diesel oil used in ONKALO in 2011 are 250865 L and 45713 L, respectively.

3.1.3 Nitrogen compounds

Nitrogen compounds are mainly come from explosives. Explosives manufactured by Forcit Oy were used in the ONKALO tunnel. Mainly bulk-emulsion explosives were used in ONKALO. These bulk-emulsion explosives included Kemiitti 810 as matrix and fumigant. Depending on the recipe, also acetic acid could be used. Acetic acid is a cata-lyst of blasting and without it the fumigation of blasting could be incomplete if the tem-perature in ONKALO is too low. Amount of all used explosives are presented in Table 6. Although acetic acid is an or-ganic compound it is also presented in this group. A summary of the explosives used in tunnel in 2011 is provided in Appendix 2. The amount of explosives per yearly quarter is given in graphical form.

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Table 6. Amount of used explosives in 2011. Estimations are made by Karvonen (2011).

Materials [unit]

ONKALO 2011


Total ONKALO

and open cut 2004-2011

ONKALO 2004 - 2011 VOLUME = 305240 m3

Amount Amount Amount Used

[kg/m3] Estimated

[kg/m3]

Caps [pcs] 51892 225683 226396 0,74 pcs/m3 0,7 pcs/m3

Cords [m] 8403 42838 44464 0,15 m/m3

Anite [kg] 0 2401 3728 0,01

F-pipe [kg] 0 2399 2400 0,01

Kemix-A cartridge [kg] 58871 110719 110719 0,36

Kemix-A pipecharge[kg] 0 227402 227418 0,75

Dynamite [kg] 0 0 744 0,00

Riogur F CD [kg] 603 603 603 0,00

Kemiitti 810 matrix [kg] 181543 767707 767707 2,52

Kemiitti 810 fumigant [kg] 5637 15386 15386 0,05

Nobel Prime [kg] 0 77185 77185 0,25

Explosives total [kg] 246654 1203803 1205891 3,95 3,8

Acetic Acid 100 % [kg] 2023 2618 2618 0,00

3.1.4 Other inorganic compounds

Coordinate measured support bolts have been paint earlier with Falu red ochre paint, but the paint was changed in year 2008. Since that these marks have been painted with AT-marking paint.

3.2 Safety level B

3.2.1 Metals

Support bolts and hot-dip galvanized reinforcement bars were used for rock reinforce-ment. Support bolts have been made of acid-proof stainless steel, stainless steel or hot-tip galvanized steel. Krampe Harex and Dramix fibres were used with shotcreting. Used amount of metal components are reported in Table 7. No stud bolts, wedge anchors or brass sleeves were installed in ONKALO in 2011.

3.2.2 Other materials

Sodium fluorescein has been used as a tracer for the drilling water i.e. process water. Measurements results for the concentration of sodium fluorescein are reported in chap-ter 4. Used amount of it hasn’t been reported because almost all of it is sluiced away.

14

Maxam clay has been used in charging the rock with bulk-emulsion explosives as a plug. Plugging the charges with clay decreases the amount of dud explosives and explo-sives needed in blasting. Ikasorb 1030 is an absorbent and has been used after oil leak if needed. Used Ikasorb 1030 has been removed from ONKALO and amount of use were not reported. Table 7. Metal component and amount used in ONKALO in 2011.RST = stainless steel, HST = acid-proof stainless steel, kZn = hot-dip galvanized steel.

2011


Total ONKALO + open cut 2004-2011

Support bolts [pcs] A500HW HST 25*3000 0 3170 3260

A500HW HST 25*4000 0 64 308

A500HW HST 25*5000 0 25 27

A500HW HST 32*2500 0 0 2

A500HW HST 32*3000 0 0 2

A500HW HST 32*4000 0 0 21

A500HW HST 32*4500 0 0 123

A500HW HST 32*6000 0 8 62

A500HW kZn 25*5000 0 12 12

A500HW RST 25*2000 18 18 18

A500HW RST 25*3000 2563 7626 7626

A500HW RST 25*3200 43 43 43

A500HW RST 25*4000 779 898 898

A500HW RST 25*5000 237 259 260

A500HW total 3640 12124 12660

CT-bolt L3000 kZn 866 2967 2967

CT-bolt L5000 kZn 11 11 11

Kiiruna Bolts L1000 RST 207 207 207



FIN-bolt 20*2400 286 286 286

FIN-bolt 20*2600 205 205 205

FIN-bolt 20*3000 1410 1410 1410

FIN-bolt 20*4000 14 14 14

FIN-bolt 20*5000 481 481 481

FIN-bolts total 2396 2396 2396

Shotcrete fibres [kg]

ZCF-03-35 0 90 90 Krampe Harex 11800 62847 62847 Dramix 80680 234377 234377

Mine nets [kg]

AISI 304 8276H 2155 3581 3581

15

4 MONITORING OF ONKALO CONSTRUCTION

4.1 ONKALO process waters

All process waters used in ONKALO are pumped from the Korvensuo reservoir. A tracer, sodium fluorescein is added in the water in order to enable identification of the remaining amount of process water in real groundwater samples. The concentration of sodium fluorescein used in process waters is 250 μg/L. The concentration of sodium fluorescein is controlled by regular sampling of process water. In 2011 samples of process water were collected once a week according to Posiva's working instructions. The results of the analyses are presented in Figure 2. So-dium fluorescein concentration in process water has mainly varied between the values of 200 and 310 μg/L. An anomaly in sodium fluorescein concentration in process water was discovered in 31st August and was due to instrument malfunction. To avoid this kind of nonconformity in the future, regular checking of instrumentation will be done more often. Samples from the main solution were taken after sodium fluorescein had been added in the main solution container. The analysis process of the main solution will remain un-changed and process water samples will be taken once a week.

Figure 2. Results of sodium fluorescein analyses of process waters in 2011.

16

4.2 Sedimentation pool and discharge tube

All waters used during the excavation of ONKALO are pumped up to the surface into a sedimentation pool after the removal of residual oil from the water. From the sedimen-tation pool the water flows through an outlet pipe to the outlet ditch. The locations of the sedimentation pool, the discharge tube (outlet pipe) and the outlet ditch are pre-sented in Figure 3. In addition to the four measuring points along the ditch, samples have also been taken at the end of the discharge tube. The distance from the discharge tube to the first measuring point (measuring point 1) is approximately 5 m. The second (measuring point 2) is located approximately 100 m and the third (measuring point 3) is 200 m away from the discharge tube. The fourth (measuring point 4) is at a distance of about 500 m from the discharge tube.

Figure 3. The location of the sedimentation pool, the outlet pipe and the four measuring points in the outlet ditch. The end of the discharge tube is five meters south of the first measuring point.

17

The quality of the water in the sedimentation pool and in the discharge tube has been monitored weekly through pH and Electrical Conductivity (EC) measurements as well as sodium fluorescein analyses. In addition, water samples (Class A water samples) have been collected four times a year from the sedimentation pool and the end of the discharge tube according to instructions given in Lamminmäki et al. 2009. The chemical results for the sedimentation pool are shown in Table 8 and for the end of the discharge tube in Table 9. In 2011 the sampling program stayed the same as in 2010. The results of field pH measurements for all sampling points are presented in Figure 5. The pH of the water pumped out has varied from slightly alkaline to highly alkaline in both the sedimentation pool and in the outlet ditch, and follows roughly the same pat-tern as last year 2010 (Salo 2012). Groundwater hydrogeochemistry analyses results from ONKALO in 2011 have not been reported by the time of printing of this report. The chemistry of groundwater in ONKALO has been compared with the chemistry in sedimentation pool. The baseline conditions have been reported in Andersson et al. 2007. The influence of grouting cement and shotcrete can be seen in the results of pH and conductivity in the sedimentation pool. Also the influence of blasting can be seen in NO2, NO3 and N-tot concentrations in sedimentation pool. In the baseline conditions recorded for the groundwater in ONKALO the NO2, NO3 and N-tot concentrations were very low (under 1 mg/L). The NO2, NO3 and N-tot concentrations in sedimentation pool have been presented in Figure 4.

Figure 4. NO3, NO2 and N-tot concentrations in sedimentation pool in 2011.

18 T

able

8. A

naly

sis

resu

lts

of w

ater

sam

ples

take

n fr

om s

edim

enta

tion

poo

l.

pH

C

on

du

ctiv

ity

So

diu

m

flu

ore

scei

n

DIC

D

OC

T

ota

l alk

alin

ity,

H

Cl u

pta

ke

Car

bo

nat

e al

kali

nit

y,

HC

l up

take

T

ota

l ac

idit

y,

NaO

H u

pta

ke

HC

O3

(mS

/cm

) (µ

g/l)

(m

g/l

) (m

g/l

) (m

mo

l/l)

(mm

ol/l

) (m

mo

l/l)

(mg

/l)

15.3

.201

1

9,3

2,82

14

0 3,

8 0,

98

0,34

59

,8

18.5

.201

1

9,0

2,90

89

6,

2 1,

40

0,39

85

,4

31.8

.201

1

9,7

1,73

15

0 3,

3 1,

80

1,10

11

0,0

9.11

.201

1

9,2

2,31

98

3,

4 1,

10

0,43

67

,1

Cl

Br

SO

4 S

-to

t N

O3

NO

2

N-t

ot

Al

Na

K

Ca

Mg

F

e-to

t S

iO2

NH

4

So

lid

m

atte

r S

r

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

15.3

.201

1

692

4,0

126

11

0 5,

9 39

0,

05

343

22,5

15

4 8,

91

0,01

15

14

,63

19

0 1,

75

18.5

.201

1

641

3,3

192

25

0 10

,0

88

0,05

36

3 31

,7

131

16,1

0,

014

13

,7

37

730

1,5

31.8

.201

1

319

1,6

129

20

0 7,

5 72

34

19

6 24

93

7,

1 0,

02

16

27

140

0,9

9.11

.201

1

528

2,8

132

18

0 6,

5 57

19

28

4 27

13

4 7,

8 0,

01

13

13

330

1,4

Tab

le 9

. Ana

lysi

s of

the

resu

lts

of s

ampl

es ta

ken

from

the

end

of d

isch

arge

tube

.

pH

C

on

du

ctiv

ity

So

diu

m

flu

ore

scei

n

DIC

D

OC

T

ota

l alk

alin

ity.

H

Cl u

pta

ke

Car

bo

nat

e al

kali

nit

y.

HC

l up

take

T

ota

l ac

idit

y.

NaO

H u

pta

ke

HC

O3

(mS

/cm

) (µ

g/l)

(m

g/l

) (m

g/l

) (m

mo

l/l)

(mm

ol/l

) (m

mo

l/l)

(mg

/l)

15.3

.201

1

9,2

2,91

11

0 3,

8 0,

95

0,28

58

18.5

.201

1

8,6

2,21

33

11

,0

1,6

0,12

97

,6

31.8

.201

1

9,7

1,93

13

0 2,

1 1,

8 1,

10

110

9.11

.201

1

9,2

2,32

96

4,

3 1,

9 0,

13

116

Cl

Br

SO

4 S

-to

t N

O3

NO

2

N-t

ot

Na

K

Ca

Mg

F

e-to

t S

iO2

NH

4

Sr

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

(mg

/l)

15.3

.201

1

730

4,3

117

10

0 6,

1 34

7 22

,9

159

8,61

0,

008

14

,6

13,4

9

1,76

18.5

.201

1

436

2,1

158

22

0 6,

9 26

3 22

,6

104

13,9

0,

009

12

,3

33

1,03

31.8

.201

1

375

1,9

126

22

0 10

,0

216

24

105

5,8

0,01

18

28

1

9.11

.201

1

519

2,8

133

21

0 7,

2 27

7 25

14

3 8,

3 0,

02

12

15

1,3

18

19

Figure 5. Results of field pH measurements for the sedimentation pool, the end of the discharge tube and the open ditch (measuring points 1 to 4). Measuring locations of the points have been presented in Figure 3. There are missing data points in Figure 5 because water was frozen in the outlet ditch (Measuring points 1 - 4) in the beginning of 2011. One can deduce from Figure 5 that highest pH values were measured in the sedimentation pool and at the end of the dis-charge tube and measuring point 1. Highest pH in the outlet ditch was found at the measuring point 1. The pH of the water primarily fluctuated between the values of 7 and 11. The high pH values are the result of grouting and shotcreting in ONKALO. In the ditch, pH of the water at measuring points 2, 3 and 4 was weakly acidic in April and again weakly acidic in November and December. The shotcreting in the ONKALO tunnel in 2011 was a continuous process and a lot of cement was used. So far the high pH values have not constituted a risk to the environ-ment, because high pH values are neutralized soon after the water reaches the ditch. The EC values of water samples taken from the sedimentation pool and from the end of the discharge tube behave in a similar way as illustrated in Figure 6. In general the EC results varied between the values of 150 and 300 mS/m, with a few values under and over these values (min 111 mS/m, max 398 mS/m). The maximum values for EC in January and June do not correspond with an increased pH in sedimentation pool and at the end of the discharge tube. The amount of groundwater from the ONKALO tunnel still plays a minor role in the total amount of water pumped out, because the process waters mix with groundwater. The amount of leaking groundwater in ONKALO is reported in monitoring report of hydrology (Vaittinen et al. 2012).

20

Figure 6. Results of the EC measurements in the sedimentation pool and at the end of the discharge tube in 2011. Note that EC values are expressed as mS/cm. Figure 7 shows the sodium fluorescein results for the sedimentation pool and for the end of the discharge tube. Sodium fluorescein decomposes under the influence of UV light. Therefore the sodium fluorescein concentrations in the summertime are slightly smaller than the concentrations in the winter.

21

Figure 7. Results of sodium fluorescein analyses in the sedimentation pool and at the end of the discharge tube in 2011. Sodium fluorescein analysis results for process water are shows as a comparison.

22

5 DISCUSSION

The way of listing and counting foreign materials in different groups has remained the same from 2010. The most common foreign material introduced in ONKALO is cement and its additives. In 2011 Demonstration tunnel 2 was grouted with colloidal silica. Inlet air shaft was grouted from level -290 to level -390, outlet air shaft from level -290 to level -390 and personnel shaft form level -285 to level -420 with UF-16 cement. SR-cement was used for shotcreting and soldering bolts to rock. The amount of cement used in shotcreting compared that used in grouting was several orders of magnitude higher. Migration of the dissolved foreign materials in groundwater was monitored by taking water samples from the sedimentation pool, at the end of the discharge tube and from four separate measuring locations along the outlet ditch. All the water used in ONKALO is pumped to the surface and collected in the sedimentation pool after re-moval of residual oil. As expected the highest pH values were measured in the sedimen-tation pool and at the end of the discharge tube. The highest pH in the outlet ditch was found at measuring point 1 as expected. The pH of the water primarily fluctuated be-tween the values of 7 and 11. Some increases were noted in the electric conductivity values in water samples when grouting and shotcreting took place in ONKALO. In general the EC results varied be-tween values of 150 and 300 mS/m, thus making the range of EC smaller than in 2009 and 2010. The migration of dissolved reaction products of blasting materials can be seen in sedi-mentation pool when measured values of NO2, NO3 and N-tot concentrations are com-pared with the ones measured during the baseline determinations (< 1 mg/L). Sodium fluorescein was added as a tracer from the stock solution so that its' concentra-tion in the process water was 250 g/L. Sodium fluorescein concentration in the outlet water has generally been less than 200 g/L in the sedimentation pool and generally varied between 0 and 150 g/L at the end of the discharge tube, excluding a few outli-ers.

23

REFERENCES

Andersson, J., Ahokas, H., Hudson, J., Koskinen, L., Luukkonen, A., Löfman, J., Keto, V., Pitkänen, P., Mattila, J., Ikonen, A.T.K. and Ylä-Mella, M. 2007. Olkiluoto site description 2006. Posiva Report 2007-03. Andersson, M., Ervanne. H., Glaus, M., Holgersson, S., Karttunen, P., Laine, H., Lot-henback, B., Puigdomenech, I., Schwyn, B., Snellman, M., Ueda, H., Vuorio, M., Wie-land, E. and Yamamoto, T. 2008. Development of methodology for evaluation of long-term safety aspects of organic cement paste components. Posiva Working Report 2008-28. Ahokas, H., Ahokas, T., Hansen, J., Hellä, P., Lehtinen, A., Koskinen, K., Koskinen, L., Löfman, J., Marcos, N., Meszaros, F., Partamies, S., Pitkänen, P., Sievänen, U., Snell-man, M. and Vieno, T. 2006. Control of water inflow and use of cement in ONKALO after penetration of fracture zone R19. Posiva Working Report 2006-45. Arenius, M., Hansen, J., Juhola, P., Karttunen, P., Koskinen, K., Lehtinen, A., Lyytinen, T., Mattila, J., Partamies, S., Pitkänen, P., Raivio, P., Sievänen, U., Vuorinen, U., Vuo-rio, M. 2008. R20 Report - Groundwater inflow management in ONKALO - the future strategy. Posiva Working Report 2008-44. Hagros, A. 2007. Foreign Materials in the Repository - Update of Estimated Quantities. Posiva Working Report 2007-17. Hjerpe, T. 2003. Engineered and stray materials in the underground rock characterisa-tion facility ONKALO – Estimation of quantities at the time of the backfilling. Posiva Working Report 2003-48. Hölttä, P. and Hakanen, M. 2008. Silica colloids and their effect on radionuclide sorp-tion - A literature study. Posiva Working Report 2008-29. Hölttä, P., Hakanen, M. and Lahtinen, M. 2009. Silica colloids and their effect on radi-onuclide sorption - Experimental study. Posiva Working Report 2009-26. Juhola, P. 2005. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2004. Foreign Materials. Posiva Working Report 2005-27. Juhola, P. 2007. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2006. Foreign Materials. Posiva Working Report 2007-54. Juhola, P. 2008. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2007. Foreign Materials. Posiva Working Report 2008-26. Juhola, P. 2009. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2008. Foreign Materials. Posiva Working Report 2009-46.

24

Karvonen, T. 2011. Foreign Materials in the Repository - Update of Estimated Quanti-ties. Posiva Working Report 2011-32. Kasa, S. 2011. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2009. Foreign Materials. Posiva Working Report 2010-46. Lamminmäki, T. and Lehtinen, A. 2009. Posivan vesinäytteenoton kenttätyöohje. Posi-va Työraportti 2009-34. (in Finnish with an English abstract). Paaso, N. (ed.), Mäntynen, M., Vepsäläinen, A. and Laakso, T. 2003. Posivan vesinäyt-teenoton kenttätyöohje. Rev.3. Posiva Työraportti 2003-02 (abstract in English). Pitkänen, P., Partamies, S., Lahdenperä, A-M., Penttinen, T., Lehtinen, A., Hirvonen, H., Lamminmäki, T. and Hatanpää, E. 2008. Results of monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2007. Hydrogeochemistry. Posiva Working Report 2008-24. Pitkänen, P., Partamies, S., Lahdenperä, A-M., Pedersen, K., Penttinen, H., Ahokas, T. and Lamminmäki. T. 2009. Results of monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2008. Hydrogeochemistry. Posiva Working Report 2009-44. Posiva Oy. 2003. Programme of monitoring at Olkiluoto during construction and opera-tion of the ONKALO. Posiva 2003-05. Posiva Oy. 2008. ONKALO - Main drawings in 2007. Posiva Working Report 2008-01. Saanio, T., Kirkkomäki, T., Keto, P., Kukkola, T. and Raiko, H. 2006. Loppusijoitusti-lojen esisuunnitelma – Vaihe 2. Posiva Working Report 2006-93. (in Finnish). Salo, V. 2012. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2010. Foreign Materials. Posiva Working Report 2011-46. Vaittinen, T., Ahokas, H., Klockars, J., Nummela, J., Penttinen, T. and Tammisto, E. 2009. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2008. Hydrology. Posiva Working Report 2009-43. Vaittinen, T., Ahokas, H., Klockars, J., Nummela, J., Pentti, E., Penttinen, T., Pöllänen, J., Tammisto, E., Karvonen, T. and Lindgren, S. 2012. Results of monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2010, Hydrology. Posiva working report 2011-43. Vieno T., Lehikoinen, J., Löfman, J., Nordman, H. and Mészáros F. 2003. Assessment of disturbances caused by construction and operation of ONKALO. Posiva 2003-06. Vuorio, M. 2006. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2005. Foreign Materials. Posiva Working Report 2006-58.

25

Appendix 1. Table 1.1. Allowed organic materials in safety level A in ONKALO 2011; part 1.

Purpose of use Trade name Manufacturer Marking paint AT-marking paint AT-tuote

Non-freezing solution GlycoShell Shell

Windshield cleaning agent Lasol 100 Berner Automotive Compressor oil Mobil Nuto H32 Exxon

Lubricant Grease Centra W Shell

Transmission oil Spirax AX 80W-90 Shell

Motor oil Helix Ultra motor oil 5W-40 Shell Transmission oil for automatic transmission Donax YB brake fluid Shell

Motor oil Universal Engine Oil Shell

Motor oil Rimula X Oil 10W-30 Shell

Grease Retinax Grease HDX2 Shell Protective agent fir grouting equipments Form Oil 5 Shell

Hydraulic oil Tellus Oil S 68 Shell

Lubricant Torcula Shell

Zinc spray Maston Zinc spray Maston

Cleaning agent for vehicles PS-10 JL-Tuotteet

Brake fluid Donax TA Shell

Water softener (cleaning vehicles) Kärcher RM 110 ASF Ultra Kärcher Oy

Fuel Thermo City. winter/summer Shell

Drainage pipe under shotcrete Drainage pipe (PE foam) Almacon Oy

Densiphalt coating mixture Densiphalt Densit a/s For raising boring machine. lubri-cant for bar thread Bestolife 3010 Ultra Bestolife Co For raising boring machine. derusting agent CRC Brakleen CRC For raising boring machine. cog-wheel and gear oil Gear Way G5 80 W-90 Svenska Statoil For raising boring machine. de-greasing agent Rapsgul Gotlands Bioenergi AB For raising boring machine. hy-draulic oil Tellus Oil TX 46 Shell For raising boring machine. lubri-cant Retinax EP 2 Shell For raising boring machine. joint-ing material Silicone Bostik AB For raising boring machine. lubri-cant Gleitmo WSP 5000 Gleitmo Technik AB For raising boring machine. hy-draulic oil Bartran SHF - S46 BP Smörjmedel

Diesel engine oil CAT DEO 15W-40 Exxonmobil

26

Diesel engine oil CAT DEO 10W-30 Exxonmobil

Hydraulic oil CAT Hydraulic Oil SAE 10 W Exxonmobil

Hydraulic- and transmission oil CAT Multipurpose Tractor Oil (MTO) Exxonmobil

Transmission oil CAT TDTO 30 Exxonmobil

Coolant CAT ELC Premix 50/50 Exxonmobil

Additive of hydraulic oil CAT Hydraulic Oil Additive Exxonmobil

Coolant for Land Rover Korrek Coolant G30 Korrek (Berner Oy automotive)

Transmission oil for Land Rover Castrol SMX-S Nordic Lubricants

Brake fluid for Land Rover Castrol Response DOT 4 Nordic Lubricants Power steering liquid for Land Rover Castrol TQ Dextron III Nordic Lubricants

Universal grease for Land Rover Swivel Housing Grease STC 3435 Land Rover

Fire foam Ecopol Bio Ex SA Silicone foam 3-6548 silicone RTV foam Dow Corning SA Lubricant Corena D 46 Shell

Cooling oil Sigma Fluid S-460 KAESER Kompresso-ren GmbH

Lubricant SRS Grease 4000 Shell Acetic acid for emulsion blasting Acetic acid Algol Chemicals Oy Grease for percussion hammer Chisel Paste Fuchs Lubritech GmbH In-situ rock stress measurement: Solvent for cleaning the sensor Acetone VWR International In-situ rock stress measurement: Solvent for cleaning the sensor T-Röd Kemetyl AB In-situ rock stress measurement: Component A to fix the sensor Glue 3 00305 A Gelb E. Epple & Co. GmbH In-situ rock stress measurement: Component B to fix the sensor Glue 3 00305 B Blaub E. Epple & Co. GmbH In-situ rock stress measurement: Fixing the joint of the cable White vaselin Svenska Statoil AB In-situ rock stress measurement: Liquid for the compass Petroleum Spirit Alcro-Beckers AB In-situ rock stress measurement: Lubricating the ball bearing CRC-5-56

CRC Industries Europe bvba

Washing agent for vehicles AD-Super Wash washing agent Noso-Tuote Oy Washing agent for vehicles Glass Clean CRC Lubricant Silicone CRC Lubricant 5-56 CRC Cleaning agent Brakleen CRC Lubricant Multilube CRC

Centralized lubrication grease Alvania Grease EP(LF)0 Shell Cleaning agent for the mainte-nance of plug pins

Special-lubricant for the mainte-nance

Mennekes Elektrotech-nik

Copper paste Copper paste CU800 Würth

27

Table 1.1. Allowed organic materials in safety level A in ONKALO 2011. part 2.

Purpose of use Trade name Manufacturer Hydraulic oil Hydraulic oil 46S Teboil

Diesel engine oil Mobil Delvac Super 1400 10W-30 Exxonmobil

Automatic transmission oil Mobil ATF Exxonmobil

Grease Mobilux EP2 Exxonmobil

Transmission oil Mobilube LS 85W-90 Exxonmobil Transmission oil Spirax MB90 Shell Transmission oil Spirax MA 80W Shell Lubricant Retinax Grease EP2 Shell Transmission oil Shell Donax TD 10W-30 Shell

Motor oil Rimula R4L 15W-40 Shell Cleaning agent Industol PE2 IS-VET Oy Centralizer in Posiva Flow Log Centralizer of Posiva Flow Log Etra Rubber sheet in Posiva Flow Log Posiva Flow Log rubber disc Kumijaloste Oy Tapes in Posiva Flow Log AT8 Floor marking tape Advancetapes Tapes in Posiva Flow Log 3M vinyl tape 471 3M in Finland Tapes in Posiva Flow Log tapes Teippikeskus Oy

Sealant in Posiva Flow Log Molykote 111 Dow Corning Corpora-tion Corporate Center

Joint grease ENSTO joint grease SR 1 Ensto Sekko Oy NDT testing materials Bycotest RP20 Bycosin AB NDT testing materials Bycotest D30 Bycosin AB NDT testing materials Bycotest C5 Bycosin AB Water insulation of SRS pools at -284 m level

Sulin Plastic Mortar Sulin Oy

Semi glossy & glossy spray paints Würth blue and black Würth Oy Surface material for floors Densiphalt Densit a/s Motor oil Shell Rimula R6LM 228,51 Shell

Transmission oil Shell Rimula R3 10W (API CD) Shell

Axel oil Shell Spirax A90LS Shell

Hydraulic oil Shell Tellus Oil S46 (ISO VG46) Shell

Transmission oil Shell Tegula Oil 32 Shell

Cooling agent GLYCOShell Longlife Concen-trate

Shell

Motor oil Neste Turbo LXE 15-40 Neste

Transmission oil Neste ATF-X Neste

Lubricant Neste hypoidi LF Neste

Hydraulic oil Neste hydraulic S32 Neste

28

Table 1.2. Allowed cement, concrete and additives; inorganic nitrogen compounds and inorganic compounds in safety level A in ONKALO 2010. Safety Level A

Cement. Concrete and additives Purpose of use Trade name Manufacturer Additive in grouting Cementa Set Control II Cementa AB

Superplasticiser in grouting Scanchem SP-40 Sika Norge

Additive in grouting GroutAid Elkem ASA

Cement for grouting Ultrafin 16 Cementa AB

Cement for shotcrete SR-cement Finnsementti Oy

Accelerator in shotcrete Mapequick AF-2000 Rescon Mapei

Additive in shotcrete Super-Parmix Finnsementti Oy

Superplasticiser in grouting Mighty 150 Scancem Chemicals AS

Shotcrete additive Parmix-Silika Finnsementti Oy

Flooring material hardening agent Mastertop 450 BASF Oy

Accelerator in grouting Calcium chloride CaCl2 Nedmag B.V

Non-shrink grouting mortar Mastertop 928 BASF Oy

Cement coating Finnseco S Tikkurila Oyj

Superplasticiser in grouting Melcrete 500L (Kallio-Parmix) BASF Oy

Nitrogen compounds Purpose of use Trade name Manufacturer Electric detonator Firex VA-L Forcit Oy

Blasting cartridge Kemix A - cartridge Forcit Oy

Detonating cord F-cord 10 Forcit Oy

Detonator NONEL Forcit Oy

Blasting pipe charge Kemix A- pipe charge Forcit Oy

Bulk-emulsion Kemiitti 810 Forcit Oy

Initial charge cartridge Nobel Prime Forcit Oy

Fuel additive GREENOX AdBlue Yara International ARA

Detonating cord Detocord Lapuan Räjäh-dysainepalvelu Oy

Detonator Forprime Forcit Oy

Inorganic compounds

Purpose of use Trade name Manufacturer

Marking paint Falu Red Ochre paint Tikkurila

29

Table 1.3. Allowed materials in safety level B in ONKALO 2011.

Safety Level B Metals

Purpose of use Manufacturer Material Rock bolt Ørsta Stal AS CT-rock bolt

Reinforcement bar Fundia Deformed reinforce-ment bar

Shotcrete Fibres Fibco GmbH Shotcrete fibers CF-03-35

Mine net Tammet Oy Mine net

Shotcrete Fibres Bekaert Dramix Shotcrete Fib-res

Posiva Flow Log Metal parts in Posiva Flow Log

Springwire to center the deformed reinforcement bar Springwire AB Steel springwire Kiiruna bolts for rock strenghtening Pyhäsalmen Metallityö

Deformed reinforce-ment bar

Pipe collar Würth Oy Stainless steel

Other

Purpose of use Manufacturer Material Absorbent Berner Oy Absodan universal Marker Stanford NA Peel Off China Marker Tracer in water Merck kGaA Fluorescein sodium Absorbent Balerman Oy Chem-Sorb Absorbent CC-Company Ikasorb 1030

Fire insulating material Paroc Wired Mat 80

30

Table 1.4. Temporarily allowed materials in ONKALO 2011.

Purpose of use Manufacturer Material

For grouting if needed Finnsementti SR cement Cement for protecting tube in drillholes Lafarge Aluminates Ciment Fondu Lafarge Accelerator for Ciment Fondu Lafarge Chemetall GmbH

Ciment Fondu accelera-tor

Engine pan oil for Land Rover tunnel car Castrol

Castrol TXT Softec Plus Neu 5W-30

Transmission and axle lubricant for Land Rover tunnel car Castrol Castrol SAF-XO

Additive in cement Insinööritoimisto Sulin Oy Xypex concentrate - Xypex modified

Cement for stabilization of OL-KR48 Lafarge Aluminates Ciment Fondu Lafarge Glue in convergence measure-ments Würth Oy Würth WIT-C 100/200

Glue for fixing warning signs Oy SIKA Finland AB Sikaflex-221

Accelerator in grouting Brenntag Nordic Oy CaCl2

Fire insulator Firebreak Oy Firebreak 44

Glue for POM-tubes at 3620 Oy SIKA Finland AB Sikaflex-291 In-situ rock stress measurement: HBM X60A for gluing the strain gauges

Hottinger Baldwin Messtech-nik GmbH

Glue component HBM X60A

In-situ rock stress measurement: HBM X60B for gluing the strain gauge

Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH

Glue component HBM X60B

In-situ rock stress measurement: Polyurethane for sealing Oy SIKA Finland AB Sikaflex-11FC+ In-situ rock stress measurement: Keeping stripes waterproof Vishay Micro-Measurements M-Coat In-situ rock stress measurement: Solvent for cleaning Vishay Micro-Measurements M-Line Rosin Solvent In-situ rock stress measurement: Cleaning spray Würth Oy Würth cleaning spray In-situ rock stress measurement: Alternative glue Bostik Oy Araldite Rapid

Colloidal silica for grouting Meyco MP 320 and Meyco MP 320T BASF Oy

Test solution in U-redox experi-ments

Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Institute of Radio-chemistry UO2(ClO4)-solution

Anchoring cement Hilti (Suomi) Oy Hilti HIT-HY 150

31

Ap

pen

dix

2.

Fig

ure

2.1

. The

am

ount

of g

rout

ing

cem

ent U

F16

, add

itiv

es a

nd c

ollo

idal

sil

ica

used

per

yea

rly

quar

ter

in O

NK

AL

O in

201

1.

31

32

F

igu

re 2

.2. T

he a

mou

nt o

f cap

s an

d 10

0 %

ace

tic

acid

per

yea

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quar

ter

used

in O

NK

AL

O 2

011.

32

33

F

igu

re 2

.3. T

he a

mou

nt o

f Kem

ix-A

car

trid

ge u

sed

per

year

ly q

uart

er in

201

1.

33

34

F

igu

re 2

.4. T

he a

mou

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f use

d K

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tti 8

10 m

atri

x an

d fu

mig

ant p

er y

earl

y qu

arte

r in

ON

KA

LO

acc

ess

tunn

el in

201

1.

34

results of monitoring at olkiluoto in 2011 - posiva

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