reproductive health & safety lesson 4 – fda approved contraceptives

Reproductive Health & Safety

Lesson 4 – FDA Approved Contraceptives

The Lesson Objectives

Wake County Public School System


1. Answer Submitted Questions2. Review the Previous Lesson3. Learn the FDA Approved

Contraceptives Including Barrier, Hormonal and Permanent Methods

Ground Rules



•Be Respectful•Exhibit Maturity•Demonstrate Patience

The Question Box



Let’s Review

Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety5

A Quick Review

Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

• STDs

• Bacterial STDs/STIs

• Viral STDs/STIs

• Parasitic STDs/STIs

What is the FDA?


The United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) is an agency within the United States Department

of Health and Human Services.

What is the Role of the FDA?


The FDA is the agency that is responsible for monitoring/regulating: human drugs ▪ US food supply

veterinary drugs ▪ cosmetics

vaccines ▪ dietary supplements

medical devices ▪ tobacco products

Barrier Methods


Male Condom Female Condom Diaphragm Cervical Cap Sponge Spermicide

Male Condom -


A latex or polyurethane sheath placed over the erect penis.

Male Condom -


Risks – Irritation and allergic reaction

Failure Rate – 11 pregnancies per 100 women per year

See FDA effectiveness chart

Protection from STDs – May provide some protection from STDs

Female Condom -


A polyurethane sheath with a closed end that has a flexible ring that is

inserted in to the vagina

Female Condom -


Risks – Irritation and allergic reaction

Failure Rate – 21 pregnancies per 100 women per yearSee FDA effectiveness chart

Protection from STD – May provide some protection from STDs – Not as effective as a latex condom

Diaphragm with Spermicide -


A dome shaped rubber device that covers the cervix

Diaphragm with Spermicide -


Risks – Irritation and allergic reactions, urinary tract infection and in rare cases Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

Failure Rate – 15 pregnancies per 100 women per yearSee FDA effectiveness chart

Protection from STD – None

Sponge with Spermicide -


A disk-shaped polyurethane device with the spermicide nonoxynol -9

Sponge with Spermicide -


Risks – Irritation and allergic reaction, in rare cases TSS

Failure Rate – 16-32 pregnancies per 100 women per year



Cervical Cap with Spermicide-


A soft latex or silicone cup with a round rim, used to cover the cervix

Cervical Cap with Spermicide -


Risks – Irritation and allergic reaction, in rare cases TSS and abnormal Pap test

Failure Rate – 17-23 pregnancies per 100 women per year



Spermicide


A foam, cream, jelly, film or tablet that kills sperm

Spermicide


Risks – Irritation and allergic reaction, urinary tract infection




Hormonal Methods


Oral Contraceptives

Patch Vaginal Contraceptive Ring Shot/Injection

Combined Pill Progestin-only Extended/Continuous

Combined Pill


A pill that uses estrogen and progestin to stop ovaries from releasing eggs and thickens cervical mucus

Combined Pill -


Risks – Dizziness, nausea, changes in menstruation, mood, and weight, rarely cardiovascular disease, including high blood pressure, blood clots, heart attack and stroke



Progestin Only


A pill that uses progestin to reduce and thickens cervical mucus

Progestin Only-


Risks – Irregular bleeding, weight gain and breast tenderness




Extended/Continuous


A pill that uses estrogen and progestin and is taken in 3 month cycles, thus reducing the number of menstrual periods

Extended/Continuous


Risks – Similar to other pills, bleeding and spotting between periods




Patch


Skin patch worn on the body that releases progestin and estrogen into the bloodstream

Patch


Risks – Higher levels of estrogen




Vaginal Contraceptive Ring


A flexible ring that is inserted into the vagina and releases progestin and estrogen


Risks – Irritation, vaginal discharge, vaginal swelling and other risks similar to oral contraceptives




Vaginal Contraceptive Ring

Injection/Shot


An injectable form of progestin and estrogen, needed every 3 months


Risks – Bone loss, bleeding between periods, weight gain, breast tenderness, headaches

Failure Rate – 1 pregnancy per 100 women per year



Injection/Shot

Emergency Contraceptive


Pills containing progestin or estrogen and progestin, must be used within 72 hours after unprotected sex, should not be used as a regular form of birth control


Risks – Nausea, vomiting headaches, abdominal pain, fatigue and headaches




Emergency Contraceptive

Implanted Devices


IUD (Intrauterine Device) Implantable Rod

Intrauterine Device


A T-shaped device inserted in to the uterus by a health professional


Risks – Cramps, bleeding, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility, tear or hole in uterus




Intrauterine Device

Implant


Matchstick sized rubber rods that are surgically implanted under the skin of the upper arm, that release progestin


Risks – Acne, weight gain, ovarian cysts, mood changes, depression, hair loss, headache, upset stomach, dizziness, soreness in breasts and changes in period




Implant

Photo - S. Linder

Permanent Methods for Women


Sterilization Implant –

Coil is placed in the fallopian tubes, causes scar tissue to form thus blocking the fallopian tubes


Risks – Mild to moderate pain after insertion, ectopic (tubal) pregnancy







Sterilization Surgery –

The fallopian tubes are tied off and cut apart, procedure done in hospital setting


Risks – Pain, bleeding, infection or other similar complications after surgery, ectopic (tubal) pregnancy





Permanent Methods for Men


Surgical Surgery (vasectomy) – A small incision is made in the scrotum, the vas deferens are then tied off, cut (a small portion may be removed) and the ends are stitched, clipped or cauterized (device destroys tissue)


Risks – Pain, bleeding, infection or other similar complications after surgery




Permanent Methods for Men

Let’s Review


Knowledge Assessment


The End


reproductive health & safety lesson 4 – fda approved contraceptives

Documents

fda approved contraceptives

drug administration

united states food

bacterial stdsti

viral stdsti

parasitic stdsti

human services

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