reia for manufacturing of equipment, structures and...

REIA FOR MANUFACTURING OF EQUIPMENT, STRUCTURES AND VESSELS FOR MARINE AND ENERGY SECTORS- WIL, DAHEJ

DRAFT REPORT

REIA FOR MANUFACTURING OF EQUIPMENT, STRUCTURES AND VESSELS FOR MARINE & ENERGY SECTORS - WIL, DAHEJ

REIA_Walchandnagar Industries ii

Client

Walchandnagar Industries Ltd

Client’s representative

Dr. C. Jankiram

Project REIA for manufacturing of equipment , structures and

vessels for marine and energy sectors- WIL, Dahej

Project No

63800005

Authors

Prakash Dash

Ritu Paliwal

Date

30 April 2010 Approved by

R.R.Patra

2 Draft EIA Report with amendments PKD RPA RRP

1 Draft EIA Report in line with TOR Issued by SEAC PKD RPA RRP

Revision Description By Checked Approved Date

Key words Offshore Fabrication Yard Shipyard REIA Impact Analysis EMP DMP

Classification

Open

Internal

Proprietary

Distribution No of copies

WIL : Dr. Jankiram DHI: Ajay Pradhan

Soft Copy

REIA_Walchandnagar Industries iii

CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Scope of work for Rapid EIA ......................................................................................... 2 1.3 Approach Strategy ......................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Studies Undertaken ....................................................................................................... 3

2 PROJECT LOCATION DESCRIPTION ......................................................................... 4 2.1 General Characteristics of the Area ............................................................................... 4 2.2 Climate .......................................................................................................................... 5 2.3 Project Description ........................................................................................................ 6 2.3.1 Details of Raw Material.................................................................................................. 7 2.3.2 Details of Yard Facilities ................................................................................................ 7 2.3.3 Onshore Facilities .......................................................................................................... 7 2.3.4 External Road Linkage to Plot Boundary ....................................................................... 9 2.3.5 Power Supply & Distribution .......................................................................................... 9 2.3.6 Water Supply ............................................................................................................... 10

3 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTS ..................................................................................... 11 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 11 3.2 Marine Environment .................................................................................................... 11 3.2.1 Marine/Coastal Water Quality ...................................................................................... 12 3.2.2 Bed-sediment characteristics....................................................................................... 13 3.2.3 Marine biodiversity ...................................................................................................... 13 3.2.4 Fisheries in the study area .......................................................................................... 16 3.3 Ground water quality ................................................................................................... 17 3.4 Ambient air quality ....................................................................................................... 19 3.5 Noise level in the surrounding area ............................................................................. 20 3.6 Coastal Geomorphology .............................................................................................. 21 3.7 Biological Environment ................................................................................................ 22 3.7.1 Terrestrial Environment ............................................................................................... 22 3.7.2 Floral diversity of the study area .................................................................................. 22 3.7.3 Faunal biodiversity of the study area ........................................................................... 27 3.8 Socio-economic status of the core zone ...................................................................... 31

4 PREDICTION AND EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ........................ 33 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 33 4.2 Impacts from Construction Phase ................................................................................ 34 4.2.1 Impact on Ambient Air Environment ............................................................................ 34 4.2.2 Impact on Ambient Noise Environment ........................................................................ 34 4.2.3 Impact on Water Resources ....................................................................................... 35 4.2.4 Impact on Socio-Economic Environment ..................................................................... 36 4.2.5 Impact from solid waste generation ............................................................................ 37 4.2.6 Impact on Local Biological Environment ...................................................................... 37 4.3 Impacts from Operational Phase ................................................................................. 38 4.3.1 Raw material inputs and pollutant outputs in the offshore fabrication yard ................... 39 4.3.2 Impact on ambient Air Environment ............................................................................. 39 4.3.3 Impact on Water Resources ........................................................................................ 40 4.3.4 Impact on water availability ......................................................................................... 40 4.3.5 Impacts due to disposal of waste water ....................................................................... 40 4.3.6 Impact from fabrication activities ................................................................................. 41 4.3.7 Impact on socioeconomic environment ........................................................................ 41

REIA_Walchandnagar Industries iv

4.4 Miscellaneous impact .................................................................................................. 41 4.4.1 Impact on fish / fishing ................................................................................................. 41 4.4.2 Impact on public health................................................................................................ 41 4.4.3 Impact due to natural calamities on proposed project and its environmental aspects . 42

5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................................. 44 5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 44 5.2 Construction phase ..................................................................................................... 44 5.2.1 Air Environment ........................................................................................................... 45 5.2.2 Water Environment ...................................................................................................... 45 5.2.3 Solid Waste ................................................................................................................. 45 5.2.4 Noise ........................................................................................................................... 46 5.2.4 Health .......................................................................................................................... 46 5.3 Operation phase .......................................................................................................... 46 5.3.1 Air Environment ........................................................................................................... 46 5.3.2 Water Environment ...................................................................................................... 49 5.3.3 Solid Waste Management ........................................................................................... 52 5.3.4 Noise environment ...................................................................................................... 53 5.4 EMP for greenbelt development ................................................................................. 54 5.4.1 Selection of plants for green belts ............................................................................... 54 5.4.2 Plantation along road sides ......................................................................................... 55 5.5 EMP for material storage and handling ........................................................................ 56 5.6 EMP for Odour ............................................................................................................ 56 5.7 Health & Saftey ........................................................................................................... 58 5.8 EMP for Energy conservation ...................................................................................... 60 5.9 Environmental cell ....................................................................................................... 61 5.10 Post -project environment monitoring .......................................................................... 62 5.11 Employee training ........................................................................................................ 63 5.12 Corporate Social Responsibility plan ........................................................................... 64

6 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN .............................................................................. 66 6.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 66 6.2 Objectives ................................................................................................................... 66 6.3 Type of hazards........................................................................................................... 66 6.4 Level of accident ......................................................................................................... 67 6.5 Disaster management plan .......................................................................................... 67 6.6 Cyclone ....................................................................................................................... 68 6.7 Seismic events ............................................................................................................ 68 6.8 Information .................................................................................................................. 69 6.9 Warning and communication ....................................................................................... 69 6.10 Emergency cell ............................................................................................................ 70 6.11 Fire safety plan ............................................................................................................ 72 6.12 First-aid programme .................................................................................................... 73 The basic elements for a first-aid program at the workplace ........................................ 73

7 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................. 76 7.1 General ....................................................................................................................... 76 7.2 Recommendations ...................................................................................................... 76

REIA_Walchandnagar Industries I

Executive Summary

Walchandnagar Industries Limited (WIL) has completed 100 years of engineering excellence

and is predominantly engaged in the manufacture of heavy engineering equipment and

components required for various industries. The main production facilities are located at

Walchandnagar in Maharashtra with some additional facilities at Satara and Dharwad. In the

past few years, the company has expanded its activities into a number of strategic areas like

aerospace, defence, nuclear power plants etc.

The current project being planned at Dahej would be an extension of the parent facility and

will predominantly focus on the manufacture of heavy equipment, structures and components

for the various segments of business already being pursued by the company. The current

industrial trend reveals that, in future, the size of structures and equipment would increase

phenomenally, requiring waterfront facilities for their erection and transportation to various

destinations. Such a waterfront facility could also then be used for fabrication and loading out

offshore platforms which includes, Jackets, Decks, Manifolds, Equipment packages,

Helidecks etc. The project, therefore, would evolve as a major engineering facility involving

fabrication of heavy structures, machining of high end engineering equipment and

components. Once established, the manufacture may be extended to include sophisticated

surface and sub-surface vessels.

The River Narmada joins the Gulf of Khambhath on its eastern bank at Dahej. The estuarine

region at the mouth as well as the adjoining area is naturally demarcated with large tidal flats.

During low tide, vast stretches of intertidal area are visible in the estuary. Good depths are

available at the mouth of the river but sand bars and shallow patches are more prevalent

inside the river and navigation inside the river is possible only during high tide. The pre-

monsoon period (spring) from April to May. The month of May being the hottest. The south-

west monsoon prevailing from June to September with mainly south-westerly winds and the

post monsoon period (autumn) from October to March with North-easterly winds. The annual

rainfall in the area is approximately 1200 mm, 94% of which occurs in the months of June,

July, August and September.

In order to tap this opportunity and meet the demand, WIL has decided to create a suitable

manufacturing and assembling facility that will primarily cater to the following markets:

• Offshore Platforms and Structures

• Onshore Drilling Rigs & Offshore Derricks

• Heavy Engineering items required by various industries

REIA_Walchandnagar Industries II

• Components for Power Generation Plants.

• Components for Heavy Duty Boilers and other such machinery

• Testing Equipments related to Energy Sector

• Surface and subsurface structures and vessels

a) Barges both driven and self-propelled

b) Subsea manifolds and structures

c) Ocean going vessels.

Location of the proposed facility on the right bank of river Narmada

As described above this is a fabrication unit, thus the main raw material are steel, paints,

primers, solvents, acetylene, oxygen, LPG and HSD for DG sets. The final finished products

are various structures and equipment described in sections above. The details of tonnage of

various raw materials are as follows:

S. No. Item Quantity

i. Steel 28385 tonnes

ii. Paint 1760 cum (in 88 containers of 20 litre capacity each)

iii. Oxygen 9240 cum (in 1320 cylinders)

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iv. Acetylene 1320 cum (in 220 cylinders)

v. LPG 10000 cylinders

vi. HSD 4800 l (2 days supply for DG sets consuming 50 l/hr)

The workshops for manufacturing equipment for Energy sectors and other heavy engineering

projects would be located in plot no.42. Plot no.38 and 43, which are continuous and bigger

would house all fabrication shops for offshore structures, offices and other utilities. The

leveled and compacted open fabrication yard will cater to the heavy loads of structures to be

manufactured and movement of heavy duty cranes. Infrastructure like sub-station, water

tanks etc. will be provided in plot no.43 and also in plot no.42. General purpose fabrication

and machining facility would be created in plot no.44. The workshops for manufacturing

equipment for Energy sectors and other heavy engineering projects would be located in plot

no.42. Plot no.38 and 43, which are continuous and bigger would house all fabrication shops

for offshore structures, offices and other utilities. The leveled and compacted open fabrication

yard will cater to the heavy loads of structures to be manufactured and movement of heavy

duty cranes. Infrastructure like sub-station, water tanks etc. will be provided in plot no.43 and

also in plot no.42. General purpose fabrication and machining facility would be created in

plot no.44.

Activities will take place in the workshops, under the building and in the open yard. The

operations carried out on the workshop building are gas cutting, welding, machining, milling,

grinding, heat treatment, grit blasting, washing, cleaning etc. Though these operations are not

heavy water consumptive, some indicative water requirement is considered. The water

requirement for the operations being carried out in open yard is almost nil except washing &

cleaning. However some requirements that are considered obvious for workshop of this huge

capacity such as:

• Cooling requirement for machines and electric equipments

• Make up water requirement for generator set and compressors cooling system

• Backwash requirement for air filter cleaning

• Service water requirement for cleaning & washing for the operations in open yard

The water requirement per day is as follows:

REIA_Walchandnagar Industries IV

S. No. Particular Quantity

(KL/day)

A Industrial Water use

i. Make-up water for cooling towers & similar processes 20

ii. Once through cooling for compressors & pumps 20

iii. Process use for washing & cleaning 12

iv. General washing, sanitation & maintenance 8

B Domestic Water Use

i. Food preparation & dish washing area 20

ii. Washing & toilet blocks 12

iii. Security & administrative blocks 10

C Outdoor water use

i. Landscape & gardening requirement 20

ii. Open yard water requirements 10

Approximate leaks in the system 30

Add 10 % excess 16

Total service water requirement 178

E Waste water generation 77

F Amount of Treated waste water 61

G Reuse of Treated water ( For Gardening and Flushing) 40

Net Fresh water Demand 178-40 = 138

Source: As provided by WIL

The water is sourced from GIDC (350 mm diameter pipeline existing water connection in

front of WIL plot). In order to assess the existing health of the Narmada Estuary, along its

coast where the proposed facilities is to be developed, four sampling stations were selected in

the Narmada estuary and one station near the mouth of the Gulf. The analyses results showed

that temperature of water column was in the range of 25-270C during the sampling period.

The pH of the water column of the estuary was found to be slightly acidic to nearly alkaline

and it varies from 6.73 – 7.09. The recorded value of salinity was 19.7- 32.1 ppt. Dissolved

oxygen (DO) content from the surveyed stations varied from 5.3-6.8 mg/L. The concentration

of DO was found to be good as expected because of regular mixing of sea water. The total

Nitrogen level was found to be very high from the analysis and varied from 5.39 to 8.93

mg/L. The phosphate level was varying from 1.42 and 2.05 mg/L. The Ammonia contents

REIA_Walchandnagar Industries V

were found to be in between 1.17 and 2.23. The nitrate level was varied between 1.98 and

2.51 mg/L. From this it can be concluded that there is no shortage of supply of nitrogen,

phosphorous and nitrate in the estuary. TSS value was varying from 587-1052 mg/L.

Published document (GES report on Coastal and Maritime Environments of Gujarat) has also

confirmed that the river Narmada annually carries 50 MT of TSS to the Gulf. Heavy silt load

obviously makes the Gulf water highly turbid with almost zero water column visibility. Bed-

sediments were collected from four locations from the surveyed area. Parameters like pH,

texture and heavy metals chromium, mercury, copper, lead, cadmium, zinc and manganese.

The bed-sediment found to be alkaline in nature. As discussed earlier the texture of the bed-

sediment was silty clay. Heavy metal content was also low. As far as the marine biological

analysis is concerned, the Phytoplankton‟s were represented by six groups. Due to the very

low primary productivity their density was very low. No rare or endangered groups of

phytoplankton were found in the area. Gross primary productivity values ranged from 0.2 to

0.5 gC/m2/day and net primary productivity values ranged from 0.1 to 0.2 g C /m2 /m

2 /d.

The density of the phytoplankton group is very low due to the very low light penetration and

high turbidity. The Zooplankton was also represented by 6 groups. The total density of

zooplankton was also very low. In the case of Zooplankton also, no rare, threatened or

endangered species of zooplankton were found. Diversity and abundance of meiofauna and

benthic macrofauna were very low. No endangered or rare groups are present in the area. No

bivalves were also found. Benthic faunal population in an environment depends on the nature

of the substratum and the organic matter content of the substratum.

Commercial fishing operation takes place only during the monsoon. Other than monsoon no

fishing prevails in the Narmada estuary. A few boats owners reside in nearby villages in

Jageshwar, Ambhetha, Luhara and Suva and they engage themselves in fishing only during

monsoon. The main contribution from this area towards fisheries potential is through the

fishes and crabs. Fish landing centres around the Gulf of Khambhath account for only 2.1%

of the State total- majority of which takes place on its eastern shores. Because of high

suspended load and strong tidal currents no demersal fishery exists in the Gulf. Whatever

fishery is possible is all pelagic. The Gulf serves as the migratory route for the clupeid hilsa

(Tenualosa ilisha) on their way to the Narmada river for breeding and the outward route for

the newly hatched juveniles and some of the adults.

REIA_Walchandnagar Industries VI

The SPM level was observed in the monitoring stations ranged between 135.5 μg/m3 and

165.1 μg/m3. Industrial and commercial activities, constructions, movement of heavy trucks

and mostly un-tarred roads are the major sources of generation of SPM around the study area.

Although the surveyed area fall under industrial zone the SPM level observed in these

stations do not even exceed the limits set for the rural /residential zone. RSPM levels were

found ranging from 61.6 to 69.9 μg/m3. This was also found to be within the prescribed

standards for industrial as well as rural and residential zone ( as per earlier MoEF

Notification). The concentration for SO2 were analysed between 18.0 and 30.0 μg/m3. The

NOx level ranged in between 16 μg/m3 and 24μg/m

3. The main source of SO2 and NOx

emission is vehicular & industrial sources.

The study area falls under Biogeographic zone 4 –Semi Arid and in Biotic Province- 4B-

Gujarat Rajputana (Rodger & Panwar,1988). The project site of the proposed project is

located along the northern bank of Narmada estuary off Gulf of Khambhath. Estuary bank

(intertidal) areas are found to be clayeye in nature. Area closer to the project site was almost

barren and brackish water ingressed zone.

Topography of the core zone was characterized by mainly culturable wastelands which are

mostly invaded by Prosopis juliflora a common thorny weed which grows rapidly in this type

of habitat. No natural forest/vegetation was observed in the core zone. About 28 shrubs

belonging to 18 families were enumerated from the study area. Most dominant shrubs in the

core zone and buffer zone were Prosopis juliflora, Calotropis gigantea, Calotropis procera,

and Balanites aegyptiaca.

Surrounding Features in and around the proposed location

REIA_Walchandnagar Industries VII

The socioeconomic profile of the study area is collected through questionnaire as well as

from the secondary data available from the 2001 census. There are immediate six villages

with in 5km from the project site, where primary survey was conducted. Villages such as

Dahej, Ambhetha and Lakhigam were found to be peri-urban set up. Dahej is the largest

among them with a population of 3756 of 1551 households. Dahej is followed by Lakhigam

witha population of 3357 from 640 households. Jageshwar, Ambhetha, Vengani and Luhara

are small villages with a population of 1465 (from 346 hh), 1330 (from 293 hh) , 675 ( from

150 hh), 1393 ( from 276) respectively. The nearest town is Bharuch which is district head

quarters fifty km from the proposed site. As far as literacy arte is concerned the average

literacy rate in all these surveyed villages was 60% which is found to be very impressive.

Every village has a primary school and for high education students depend on Dahej. No

college is located in this area. During the survey it was observed that one more high school is

under construction in Jageshwar village. Medical facility does almost not exist in these

villages except at the nearest town Bharuch.

Most of the villagers in the surveyed area are engaged in nearby industries and other petty

jobs. Farming is not considered as a livelihood support system for the villagers fo reasons

like the non availability of land ( most of the lands being sold to GIDC) and not suitable for

farming (lack of irrigation facility and less fertile soil). Although the villages are surrounded

by industries by none other than Reliance Petrochemicals, LNG Petronet, Gujarat Fertilizer

Corporation Limited, ABG Shipyard and other small big units, the socio-economic condition

of the villagers were not found so sound. The basic amenities such as health care, education

and drinking water facility were grossly neglected areas in the study area. Though some of

the industries came forward to solve atleast the drinking water issue in this region is a

commendable effort.

Water , air and noise pollution, accumulations of solid and hazardous waste and point and

non-point pollution can occur simultaneously with the variety of operations that occur at

these facilities. Being a water front project, the maximum impact due to the proposed project

shall be on the marine/coastal environment as stated earlier.

Potential sources of pollution that may impact on water quality in the area include:

i. Soil runoff from the project may lead to off-site contamination (particularly during rainy

season).

ii. Improper disposal of construction debris may lead to off-site contamination of water

resources.

iii. Unaccounted disposal of domestic wastewater from temporary labour camps.

REIA_Walchandnagar Industries VIII

iv. Discharge of oil/grease/lubricants from the vehicles/construction equipments and

wastewater stream generated from activities such as vehicles washing and maintenance

of equipments.

Fabrication of offshore structures and ship building operate on a job basis. The main

operations envisaged at WIL are cutting, blasting, welding and painting. Oxy-fuel welding

(commonly called oxyacetylene welding, oxy welding, or gas welding in the U.S.) and oxy-

fuel cutting are processes that use fuel gases and oxygen to weld and cut metals, respectively.

In oxy-fuel cutting, a cutting torch heats the metal and oxygen is trained on it and in result

metal burns and then flows out of the cut (kerf) as an oxide slag. The most commonly used

fuel gases in the process are oxygen, Acetylene, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), propane,

natural gas and hydrogen gas. For the present activity acetylene (non toxic and flammable)

and oxygen will be used. The annual requirement is 16000 oxygen cylinders, 8000 Acetylene

cylinders and about 10000 LPG cylinders for heating (as provided by WIL).

During abrasive blasting stream of abrasive material is forced against a surface under high

pressure to smooth a rough surface, roughen a smooth surface, shape a surface, or remove

surface contaminants. Although many abrasives used in blasting booths are not hazardous in

themselves, (steel shot and grit, cast iron, aluminum oxide , garnet, plastic abrasive and glass

bead), other abrasives (silica sand, copper slag, nickel slag, and staurolite) have varying

degrees of hazard (typically free silica or heavy metals). Thus, Sand and copper slag blasting

is not considered for this project.

Spray painting is done to protect metal against the corrosion and also to beautify an object.

Many paints, coatings, catalysts, sealers, hardeners, and solvents contain hazardous

chemicals. Exposure to chemicals can occur during mixing of the coating, spraying the

material, and grinding or sanding it. Symptoms of overexposure to hazardous chemicals

include nausea, rashes, and long term illnesses like asthma, lung cancer, and sensitization

(becoming severely allergic to the paint). Apart from risk to health fire hazard is another

aspects to be looked at in the painting area. WIL will be using only approved lead free paints

and painting will mostly be carried out in enclosed areas using specialized methods.

Apart from the main operation described above, operation of DG sets, vehicles plying on the

road to bring in and out the material and people are other activities with some impacts.

Waste water generated from the project premises contains suspended and dissolved solid,

organic and in organic matter, nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous, paints, oil, grease

REIA_Walchandnagar Industries IX

and pathogens. If wastewater is discharged without proper treatment, it would have

significant impact on surrounding environment. A sewage treatment plant is proposed on the

site to treat the effluent generated from the proposed project. The sewage treatment plant

would be designed to meet CPCB norms with respect to the discharge limits. The treated

effluent shall be used for landscaping and flushing.

Similar to the construction phase, the operation phase will also provide opportunities for

employment mostly in the skilled and semi skilled categories. Operation of the proposed

project will also require transportation facilities to the commuters to commute from a nearby

place to the project site and vice versa. This will enhance the income of the people associated

with transport sector. All these activities will need support services like food, housing,

school, medical facility etc. ultimately leading to improvement in quality of life of local

people. Indirectly, other service sectors also stand to benefit and impacts are positive.

Adequate Environmental Management Plan is proposed to maintain the existing status of the

local environment. To arrest the dust pollution to be generated during the site levelling and

reclamation activity is temporary.

• All the internal roads have to be properly surfaced to reduce the fugitive dust due to

vehicular movement.

• Water sprinklers shall be used to control the fugitive dusts.

• Cleaner fuel will be provided to the labours to keep air pollution due to fuel burning be

restricted.

• Fossil fuel or timber burning will not be permitted in the premises.

• Diesel driven construction machineries shall be properly maintained to minimize the

exhaust emission and noise pollution.

Most of the offshore fabrication structures rely primarily on spraying methods for coating

application. Any activity involving paints, i.e., storage, mixing, coating and spraying may

lead to impacts on human health and environment. Thus, care would be taken to avoid

exposures to workers and spillage or leaks to the environment.

• Store waste paint and other related solvents in covered containers to prevent evaporation to

the atmosphere

REIA_Walchandnagar Industries X

• Use airless or high volume low pressure (HVLP) spray guns to reduce overspray. Use high

transfer efficiency coating techniques such as brushing and rolling to reduce overspray

shall be also explored.

• Proper ventilation facility and VOCs control provision will be made to avoid any fire or

explosion risk. Adequately fabricated spray booths is another option which may be

explored.

• Smoking and other such activity will be prohibited.

• Establish and adhere to “safe” wind directions and speeds for particular facilities.

There is provision of installation of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) within the premises. The

waste water shall be treated in the STP and the treated water shall be reused in landscaping.

No waste water shall be released into the estuary. As far as solid/hazardous wastes are

concerned the steel scraps generated during the offshore fabrication structures should be

collected in scrap yard and dispose off periodically for recycling.

• Empty cans containing, paints, lubricants and oil must be disposed of daily in designated

waste disposal bins.

• All hazardous waste would be transported to Ankleshwar to the waste treatment facility

• With regards to the disposal/treatment of waste, the project authorities shall dispose /treat

the waste as per the prevailing waste handling norms.

Trees are an effective mode of control of air pollution noise pollution, odour problem. Leaves

with their vast area in a tree crown, sorbs pollutants on their surface, thus effectively reduce

pollutant concentration in the ambient air. Often the adsorbed pollutants are incorporated in

the metabolic pathway and the air is purified. Plants grown to function as pollution sink are

collectively referred as greenbelts.

Odour can be reduced by developing green belt. Plants which counteract odour are

• Bushes with mild but active fragrance.

• Acacia sp: It is a type of bush with yellow coloured fragrant flowers. It does not have rich

canopy but very effective for counteracting smell. Its limitation is seasonality and thorny

nature.

• Melaleuca species: It has sweet fragrance and thin canopy in India.

• Junipers: They have excellent canopy and protection. Its limitation is site specificity.

• Eucalyptus: It can be used as very good belt and can also be used as per odour source. Its

limitation is site specific and the urban neighbourhood.

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• Hedges, Herbs (Tulsi, Turmeric etc.) can also be used for counteracting odour.

• Vetiver : This plant is a king of perfumes for inactivating other odours. It affects the

nervous system and relieves fatigue. It is used as key species in aromatherapy. Other than

these, plants which are used to form green belt include Bamboo, Pongamia pinnata, Neem

and Casuarina etc.

Safety equipment for blasting operators will be:

• Positive pressure blast hood or helmet - The hood or helmet includes a head suspension

system to allow the device to move with the operator's head, a view window with

replaceable lens or lens protection and an air feed hose.

• Grade D air supply - The air feed hose is typically attached to a grade D pressurized air

supply. Grade D air is mandated by OSHA to protect the worker from hazardous gases. It

includes a pressure regulator, air filtration and a carbon monoxide alarm.

• Ear protection - ear muffs or ear plugs.

• Body protection - Body protection varies by application but usually consists of gloves and

overalls or a leather coat and chaps. Professionals would wear a cordura/canvas blast suit.

• Blasting supervisors have the responsibility to ensure blasting operations and abrasive

materials management are conducted to reduce their environmental impact.

• Those persons responsible for maintaining equipment and machinery required for abrasive

materials management need to be properly trained in those aspects of equipment

performance that effect emissions and productivity.

• Regular health check-ups would be taken up.

• Proper protection should be worn at all times, including to protect the eyes against glare and

flying sparks in welding, cutting and blasting areas.

• Workers shall avoid direct contact with these solvents and should not be using solvents for

cleaning paint from hands or skin. In lieu, use of water-based cleansers for personal cleanup

shall be encouraged.

• Implementation of Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) of the chemical will be made

necessary.

• Workers shall wear the appropriate personal protective equipment such as safety glasses, a

respirator (if medically qualified, properly fit-tested, and trained), gloves or coveralls to

protect themselves against its hazards.

• Workers shall be encouraged to work in shifts to avoid prolonged exposures.

• Additional protective measures should be taken when stripping lead chromate- or zinc

chromate-based paints.

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• Good housekeeping practise will be implemented.

• All the employees will be trained in the health, safety, and environmental aspects related to

their job.

• Well maintained first aid box will be provided at all strategic locations

• Safety appliances will be provided to the required workers.

• Where respirator use is required, the employer must establish a respiratory protection

program. The respiratory protection program addresses procedures for properly selecting

and using respirators in the workplace.

• Appropriate protective clothing and equipment (head coverings, gloves, and foot covering)

will be provided.

• Facilities to ensure that employees comply with basic hygiene practices that serve to

minimize exposure will be provided.

• Change rooms will be provided where employees must change out of their street clothes to

use protective clothing and equipment

• The change rooms will be equipped with separate storage facilities (e.g., lockers) for

protective clothing and equipment and for street clothes, and these facilities must prevent

contamination of street clothes

• Eating and drinking areas and surfaces shall be maintained as far as practicable from any

pollution.

For conservation of energy, following measures shall be adopted.

• Purchase of energy efficient appliances

• Promoting use of renewable energy, wherever possible and viable.

• Adjusting the settings and illumination levels to ensure minimum energy used for desired

comfort levels

• Use of compact fluorescent lamps and low voltage lighting.

• Sunscreen films on windows to reduce heating inside the office/admin buildings

• Promoting awareness on energy conservation within the premises

• Training staff on methods of energy conservation and to be vigilant to such opportunities.

Walchandnagar Industries Limited is a well established company with history of over 100

years. In its present location in Maharashtra, WIL is particularly well known for the various

schemes initiated over many years for social upliftment of the society and improving the skill

levels & quality of life of the local populace. In keeping with those traditions, WIL has

REIA_Walchandnagar Industries XIII

already established contacts with the adjoining villages in the new location. All facilities and

amenities provided by other nearby industries have been reviewed. Discussions were held

with the Sarpanches on various possibilities of improving the life of the villagers and

upgrading the skill levels of the younger generation.

In consultation with them, the following areas have been identified for specific attention as

part of the corporate social responsibility scheme of WIL:

1. Providing improved health care system around the locality: This can be in the form of

arranging medical camps as per requirements, providing ambulance for nearby villagers as

required, providing mobile clinic facility etc. The local public health centre will be

augmented with necessary infrastructures in order to provide better local healthcare.

2. Skill Upgradation: WIL will take up necessary study for skill-mapping in the locality and

extend necessary help to develop relevant skills like providing scholarships to willing

students for suitable vocational training. The adequacy of local education system will also

be reviewed and necessary helps like providing modern amenities, tools for education like

computers & AV facilities can be sponsored. WIL will partner with Government in

National Health Programmes like Polio, TB, Malaria etc.

3. Upgradation of sanitation facilities and public utilities: Specific efforts will be taken for

improvement of sanitation facilities particularly in rainy season so as to avoid spread of

diseases like dysentery & other diseases linked with mosquito growth.

4. Repairs of existing internal roads and construction of new roads in nearby villages.

5. Relocation of temple near plot no.42.

6. Supporting afforestation or mangrove farming schemes of the Government.

Keeping the environment and socio-economic conditions of the area in mind, the following

recommendations are made to maintain a healthy social as well as environmental

management approach for the proposed development.

• Plantation of vegetation of indigenous species should be undertaken in the project area. It is

also recommended that project authority should come forward to contribute/support the

state forest department financially for afforestation in this part of Gujarat.

• This type of project will bring employment opportunity for the local villagers. Priority shall

be given to local villagers when it comes to employment. Besides, a multi-specialty

hospital, arrangement for drinking water facility in any of the nearby village and

establishment of a technical institution like ITI in this area are recommended.

REIA_Walchandnagar Industries XIV

• Special scholarships for girl students up to 10th standard and donation of computers to all

the registered schools of Dahej area are also recommended. Walchandnagar Industries is

recommended to hire one computer teacher for each school if needed.

• Upgradation of village and main roads should be taken up by the project proponent. Avenue

plantation should be taken up by all the industries around the region which will not only

increase the green cover as but also enhance the aesthetic value.

REIA_Walchandnagar Industries 1

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 General

Walchandnagar Industries Limited (WIL) has completed 100 years of engineering

excellence and is predominantly engaged in the manufacture of heavy engineering

equipment and components required for various industries. The main production

facilities are located at Walchandnagar in Maharashtra with some additional facilities

at Satara and Dharwad. In the past few years, the company has expanded its activities

into a number of strategic areas like aerospace, defence, nuclear power plants etc. In

its traditional construction sector, the company manufactures various structures and

equipment for cement, sugar and power generation plants. The company has recently

entered into the energy sector and started manufacturing structures and equipment for

various oil and gas exploration and production activities.

The current project being planned at Dahej would be an extension of the parent

facility and will predominantly focus on the manufacture of heavy equipment,

structures and components for the various segments of business already being pursued

by the company. The current industrial trend reveals that, in future, the size of

structures and equipment would increase phenomenally, requiring waterfront facilities

for their erection and transportation to various destinations. Such a waterfront facility

could also then be used for fabrication and loading out offshore platforms which

includes, Jackets, Decks, Manifolds, Equipment packages, Helidecks etc. The project,

therefore, would evolve as a major engineering facility involving fabrication of heavy

structures, machining of high end engineering equipment and components. Once

established, the manufacture may be extended to include sophisticated surface and

sub-surface vessels. The location plan of WIL property is shown in Figures 1.1 and

1.2 along with location of other units in the area.

For the above mentioned facility, WIL has acquired 56.74 acres of GIDC land

covering plot nos.38, 42, 43 and 44. GIDC also has assured that a small strip of land

interconnecting plot no.42 and 38 (RS-14) would be acquired by them and handed

over to WIL to meet the waterfront contiguous.

The proposed WIL facility will have its manufacturing and fabrication units in the

acquired plot. The unit also needs to ship out the manufactured structures, equipments

and for this purpose slipway, dock basin and jetty are required. To examine the


feasibility of the shipping operation, DHI (India) Water and Environment Private Ltd

has been given the assignment to prepare a pre-feasibility report apart from

conducting the EIA study.

This Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment report is aimed to evaluate the existing

baseline environmental characteristics of the study area, prediction and evaluation of

various environmental impacts due the projects, and suggestion of suitable

Environmental Management Program to mitigate the impacts.

1.2 Scope of work for Rapid EIA

This Rapid Environment Impact assessment (REIA),conceived as a tool to bring

environmental concerns into decision making at the planning stage of this project.

EIA is an attempt to clarify and emphasize, the breadth of the concept of total

environment ie. its Physical, Chemical, Biological and Socio-economic components.

The following components were identified for the EIA

Characterization and benchmarking of existing environmental status of a core

study area covering 10 km radius from the selected site.

Inventory of the activities of the proposed project.

Identification and evaluation of the probable environmental impacts due to the

construction and operation of the workshps and associated facilities on the

existing environmental parameters.

Preparation of an environmental management plan to minimize the adverse

impacts due to the project and formulation of a post -operational monitoring

scheme.

Preparation of a disaster management plan to meet the emergency requirements

during probable disaster.

1.3 Approach Strategy

This report is based on the field monitoring conducted during April- May of 2009.

The baseline environmental aspects of project site and its surrounding areas, as well

as the marine environment in the vicinity of project site was collected to evaluate the

existing environment health of terrestrial and marine environment.

For the Impact assessment study, guideline of Ministry of Environment and Forest,

Government of India notification of 2006 was followed. The basic aim of this study


was to generate a scientific baseline data bank of the study area, which is essential

tool for comparative determination of changes in conditions over a period of time

after the completion of the proposed project and also during the operation stage of the

project to evaluate the environmental status.

1.4 Studies Undertaken

The meteorological data collected by establishing a field station in the project site.

Ambient air quality was monitored in the Project site and four surrounding

villages in the study area

Water quality of the marine environment of Narmada estuary evaluated .

Ground water quality was monitored from the surrounding villages.

Sediments were collected from inter tidal zone for physico-chemical and

biological analysis.

Terrestrial flora and fauna of the study region was evaluated

Qualitative and Quantitative evaluation of Phytoplankton and Zooplankton were

done near the project site

Socio Economic inventory were under taken in the surrounding villages

Sound level were monitored in the project site and surrounding villages during

day time and night

Land use and Landscape data of the study region was interpreted by using latest

satellite imaginary.

REIA_ Walchandnagar Industries 4

2 PROJECT LOCATION DESCRIPTION

2.1 General Characteristics of the Area

The River Narmada joins the Gulf of Khambhath on its eastern bank at Dahej. With

the construction of various dams on the upstream, both in Madhya Pradesh and

Gujarat, the reservoir storages have reduced the peak flows substantially to a level of

1000 to 4000 m3/s, during the monsoon. In the pre-dam scenario, the annual silt

transported by the river was estimated at 70 million m3, which is now reduced to

about 6 to 7 million m3. This reduction in the supply of sediments has probably made

the river morphologically unstable and highly erosive. The instability in flow and

sediment has led to erosion in the upper reach of the estuary, development of several

sand bars in the middle reach and erosion in the lower parts of the estuary.

The estuarine region at the mouth as well as the adjoining area is naturally demarcated

with large tidal flats. During low tide, vast stretches of intertidal area are visible in the

estuary. Good depths are available at the mouth of the river but sand bars and shallow

patches are more prevalent inside the river and navigation inside the river is possible

only during high tide.

Figure 2.1 Location of the proposed facility on the right bank of river Narmada


Figure 2.2 Close up of the Study area – Right Bank of the Narmada River

Figure 2.3 Surrounding Features in and around the proposed location

2.2 Climate

The climate of this region is governed by its location in the tropics and by the

monsoon. Annually recurring monsoons divide the year in to three seasons as follows:

The pre-monsoon period (spring) from April to May, a time of the year having hot

climate, with the month of May being the hottest


The south-west monsoon prevailing from June to September with mainly south-

westerly winds and

The post monsoon period (autumn) from October to March with North-easterly

winds.

Rainfall The annual rainfall in the area is approximately 1200 mm, 94% of which occurs in the

months of June, July, August and September.

Temperature January is the coldest month with temperatures reaching 11

0 C. Similarly, the month

of May is hottest with temperatures up to 420 C.

Relative Humidity The average humidity ranges from nearly 83% in August to about 50% in January.

Visibility The general visibility in the area is good. Visibility in the monsoon normally

deteriorates during rains and occasional squalls.

Wind The study of the available data related to wind speed and directions is given in Table

2.1.

Table 2.1 General trends in prevailing wind speed

Duration Predominant Wind Direction Pre-dominant speed - KMPH

October - May NW 13 - 19

June - September SW 30 - 50

* (Source: Indian Meteorological Department)

2.3 Project Description

In order to tap this opportunity and meet the demand, WIL has decided to create a

suitable manufacturing and assembling facility that will primarily cater to the

following markets:

Offshore Platforms and Structures

Onshore Drilling Rigs & Offshore Derricks

Heavy Engineering items required by various industries

Components for Power Generation Plants and other energy sector projects

Components for Heavy Duty Boilers and other such machinery


Testing Equipments related to Energy Sector

Surface and subsurface structures and vessels

a) Barges both driven and self-propelled

b) Subsea manifolds and structures

c) Ocean going vessels.

2.3.1 Details of Raw Material As described above this is a fabrication unit, thus the main raw material are steel,

paints, primers, solvents, acetylene, oxygen, LPG and HSD for DG sets. The final

finished products are various structures and equipment described in sections above.

The details of tonnage of various raw materials are as follows:

Table 2.2 Details of raw material

S. No. Item Quantity

i. Steel 28385 tonnes

ii. Paint 1760 cum (in 88 containers of 20 litre capacity each)

iii. Oxygen 9240 cum (in 1320 cylinders)

iv. Acetylene 1320 cum (in 220 cylinders)

v. LPG 10000 cylinders

vi. HSD 4800 l (2 days supply for DG sets consuming 50 l/hr)


2.3.2 Details of Yard Facilities The overall layout of the fabrication yard as well as marine facilities is shown in

Figure 2.4.

2.3.3 Onshore Facilities The workshops for manufacturing equipment for nuclear power plants and other

heavy engineering projects would be located in plot no.42. Plot no.38 and 43, which

are continuous and bigger would house all fabrication shops for offshore structures,

offices and other utilities. The leveled and compacted open fabrication yard will cater

to the heavy loads of structures to be manufactured and movement of heavy duty

cranes. Infrastructure like sub-station, water tanks etc. will be provided in plot no.43

and also in plot no.42.

General purpose fabrication and machining facility would be created in plot no.44”.


Figure 2.4 Proposed layout of WIL facility ( Attached sepatrately)

The services and associated facilities required for the proposed workshop and

fabrication yard are listed below:

Security wall, all around the complex (Min. 4 m high).

Grenbelt around the perimeter

Barbed wire fencing on the top of the wall (Min. 2 m)

Security gate and security office on North side on main GIDC Road.

Watch towers/Security post all along the periphery.

All storm water drains and sewerage to be covered with concrete slabs and

connected to the systems as created by GIDC

Street lighting all around (with Solar panels).

High mast lights for illumination at fabrication area and sea front

Electric sub-stations and Transformer inside the premises (with feeder lines from

nearest HT sub-station).

Compressed air line inside the workshop and upto the Jetty.

Freshwater line inside the workshop and upto the Jetty.

Fresh water Overhead tanks to cater to entire complex.

External water supply arrangements.


Rain water harvesting arrangement.

Compressor Room

Generator & Generator Room.

Pumps and Pump House (Raw water & Fresh Water)

Shore Supply facility at the Jetty for the Ship.

First aid/MI Room.

Workers changing, recreation, rest room.

Canteen.

Wash rooms, toilets, bathrooms, urinals, etc.

Industrial Waste handling/processing area.

Green area & Horticulture.

Housekeeping services and facilities.

2.3.4 External Road Linkage to Plot Boundary Plot 38 shall be connected to GIDC constructed road near its junction point with 18 m

wide ABG power corridor on north side of the plot. Plot 42 shall be directly

connected to GIDC constructed road at the eastern corner of the plot. Plot 44 shall

also be connected to GIDC constructed road at its eastern corner through a small road

passing under the 18 m wide ABG power corridor.

Internal Roads It is proposed to provide the internal peripheral roads in all the plots for the safety and

access requirements to various buildings and yards. The boulevards are placed at

suitable locations in the plots for easy manoeuvring of the vehicles.

2.3.5 Power Supply & Distribution The entire system is power intensive hence requires considerable high tension

electrical power for their operation. Also, electrical power is required for illumination

of fabrication areas, sheds, roads etc., apart from auxiliary services like fire fighting

system and buildings.

The plant will draw the power from the 66 kV Transmission Line of Gujarat State

Electricity Board (GSEB) / Gujarat Electricity Transmission Co. Ltd. (GETCO). This

power is then distributed within the facility through step down substation. The total

installed load and the maximum demand is estimated as 5,313 KW.

In case of power outage the plant will make use of DG sets (2x 250 KVA).


2.3.6 Water Supply Activities will take place in the workshops, under the building and in the open yard.

The operations carried out on the workshop building are gas cutting, welding,

machining, milling, grinding, heat treatment, grit blasting, washing, cleaning etc.”

Though these operations are not heavy water consumptive, some indicative water

requirement is considered. The water requirement for the operations being carried out

in open yard is almost nil except washing & cleaning. However some requirements

that are considered obvious for workshop of this huge capacity such as:

Cooling requirement for machines and electric equipments

Make up water requirement for generator set and compressors cooling system

Backwash requirement for air filter cleaning

Service water requirement for cleaning & washing for the operations in open yard

The water requirement per day is as follows:

Table 2.3 Water Balance Chart

S. No. Particular Quantity (KL/day)

A Industrial Water use

i. Make-up water for cooling towers & similar processes 20

ii. Once through cooling for compressors & pumps 20

iii. Process use for washing & cleaning 12

iv. General washing, sanitation & maintenance 8

B Domestic Water Use

i. Food preparation & dish washing area 20

ii. Washing & toilet blocks 12

iii. Security & administrative blocks 10

C Outdoor water use

i. Landscape & gardening requirement 20

ii. Open yard water requirements 10

Approximate leaks in the system 30

Add 10 % excess 16

Total service water requirement 178

E Waste water generation 77

F Amount of Treated waste water 61

G Reuse of Treated water ( For Gardening and Flushing) 40

Net Fresh water Demand 178-40 = 138


The water is sourced from GIDC (350 mm diameter pipeline existing water

connection in front of WIL plot).


3 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTS

3.1 Introduction

This chapter describes the existing environmental settings in the study area. The

purposes of describing the environmental settings of the study area are:

To understand the project need and environmental characteristics of the area.

To assess the existing environmental quality, as well as the environmental impacts

of the future developments being studied.

To identify environmentally significant factors or geographical areas that could

preclude any future development.

3.2 Marine Environment

On national and state levels, we have several policies and regulation like Water

(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, to regulate pollution discharges and

restore water quality of our aquatic resources including the prescription of monitoring

activities. One of the important provisions of the Water Act, 1974, is to maintain and

restore the „wholesomeness‟ of our aquatic resources. Water quality monitoring is one

of the first steps required in the rational development and management of water

resources.

Figure 3.1 Locations of water (W) and bed (BS) samples


3.2.1 Marine/Coastal Water Quality In order to assess the existing health of the Narmada Estuary, along its coast where

the proposed facilities is to be developed, four sampling stations were selected in the

Narmada estuary and one station near the mouth of the Gulf. The sampling schedule

for the marine water quality and plankton analysis was systematically programmed to

collect samples from the Narmada Estuary, on 16th May 2009.

The analyses results showed that temperature of water column was in the range of 25-

270C during the sampling period (Table 3.1). pH of the water column of the estuary

was found to be slightly acidic to nearly alkaline and it varies from 6.73 – 7.09. The

recorded value of salinity was 19.7-32.1 ppt.Dissolved oxygen (DO) content from the

surveyed stations varied from 5.3-6.8 mg/L. The concentration of DO was found to be

good as expected because of regular mixing of sea water. The total Nitrogen level

was found to be very high from the analysis and varied from 5.39 to 8.93 mg/L. The

phosphate level was varying from 1.42 and 2.05 mg/L. The Ammonia contents were

found to be in between 1.17 and 2.23. The nitrate level was varied between 1.98 and

2.51 mg/L. From this it can be concluded that there is no shortage of supply of

nitrogen , phosphorous and nitrate in the estuary. TSS value was varying from 587-

1052 mg/L. Published document(GES report on Coastal and Maritime Environments

of Gujarat) has also confirmed that the river Narmada annually carries 50 MT of TSS

to the Gulf. Heavy silt load obviously makes the Gulf water highly turbid with almost

zero water column visibility.

Table 3.1 Marine/Coastal water characteristics in the study area

Sl.No Paremeters W1 W2 W3 W4

1 Temperature (0C) 26 26 25 27

2 pH 6.73 6.78 7.09 6.97

3 Salinity in ppt 23.4 32.1 20.6 19.7

4 Total Suspended Solid (mg/lt) 1185 796 515 524

5 Turbidity ( NTU) 692 397 201 346

6 DO (mg/l) 5.3 6.5 6.8 6.6

7 Total Nitrogen(mg/lt) 5.39 7.11 8.93 7.32

8 Phosphates(mg/lt) 1.53 2.05 1.42 1.44

9 Ammonia(mg/lt) 1.17 1.87 2.23 2.01

10 Nitrate-N 1.98 2.51 2.21 2.47

11 Iron(mg/lt) 0.454 0.55 1.115 0.41

12 Lead(mg/lt) 0.268 0.041 3.148 0.085

13 Cadmium(mg/lt) 0.020 0.02 0.018 0.019

14 Cobalt(mg/lt) N.D N.D. N.D. N.D

15 Mercury(mg/lt) 0.181 0.019 0.151 0.169

16 Zinc(mg/lt) 0.12 0.16 N.D. 0.11

17 Copper(mg/lt) 0.074 0.078 0.071 0.065


3.2.2 Bed-sediment characteristics Bed-sediments were collected from four locations (Figure 3.1) from the surveyed

area. Parameters like pH, texture and heavy metals chromium, mercury, copper, lead,

cadmium, zinc and manganese. The bed-sediment found to be alkaline in nature. As

discussed earlier the texture of the bed-sediment was silty clayey. Heavy metal

content was also low.

Table 3.2 Bed-sediment – Physico-chemical Characteristics

3.2.3 Marine biodiversity Evaluation of biological sensitivity of a potential coastal development site is an

integral part of Environment Impact Assessment study, as the ultimate consequences

of any perturbations in the environment are on marine life. In marine environment,

organisms experience natural stress which varies in magnitude and frequently

depending on the changes in Physico- chemical nature of water mass. Though the

organisms are evolved to with stand such changes within certain limit, they may not

be well adapted to artificial stress especially of a severe short term nature, and this

may affect their capacity to adapt to natural variations. Hence it is necessary to have a

baseline for the state of marine life, which is essential tool for comparative

determination of changes in conditions over a period of time after the completion of

the proposed project and also during the operation stage of the project to evaluate the

environmental status.

A monitoring survey should be inclusive of all target organisms in the marine life. In

this present survey conducted at the site for critical biological variables at different

trophic level was considered.

Parameters

pH

Texture

Fe

(% Dry

wt)

Cr

µg/gm

Hg

µg/gm

Cu

µg/gm

Pb

µg/gm

Cd

µg/gm

Zn

µg/gm

Mn

µg/gm

Bed

sediment- 1

8.0 Silty-

clayey

1.5 1.8 1.44 12.7 126.7 1.2 62.4 239

Bed

sediment-2

7.9 -do- 0.624 1.3 1.01 9.4 47.8 1.1 54.5 239

Bed

sediment-3

8.1 -do- 2.610 3.1 1.82 21.6 196 1.3 57.0 362.6

Bed-

sediment-4

8.0 -do- 2.09 3.1 1.71 25.2 163 1.6 45 422


Phytoplankton‟s were represented by six groups. Due to the very low primary

productivity their density was very low. No rare or endangered groups of

phytoplankton were found in the area. Gross primary productivity values ranged from

0.2 to 0.5 gC/m2/day and net primary productivity values ranged from 0.1 to 0.2 g C

/m2 /m2 /d (Table 3.3). The density of the phytoplankton group are very low due to

the very low light penetration and high turbidity (Table 3.4).

Table 3.3 Biological characteristics of the study sites-Primary productivity

No Parameters Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Site 5

1 Gross primary productivity(g C/m2/d) 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4

2 Net primary productivity (g C/ m2/d) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

3 Chlorophyll a (mg/ m2) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

4 Phaeophytin (mg/m2) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Table 3.4 Density (no/L) of Phytoplankton groups

No. Phytoplankton groups Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Site 5

1 Chaetoceros 6 15 0 10 5

2 Coscinodiscus 16 20 25 25 20

3 Euglena 10 5 0 0 5

4 Rhizosolenia 8 8 12 10 6

5 Skeletonema 2 2 2 4 4

6 Ulothryx 6 0 0 0 2

7 Density of phytoplanktons (no/L) 48 50 39 49 42

Zooplankton was represented by 6 groups (Table 3.5 to 3.7). The total density of

zooplankton was also very low. In the case of Zooplankton also no rare, threatened or

endangered species of zooplankton were found. Diversity and abundance of

meiofauna and benthic macrofauna were very low. No endangered or rare groups are

present in the area. No bivalves were also found. Benthic faunal population in an

environment depends on the nature of the substratum and the organic matter content

of the substratum.


Table 3.5 Density of common Zooplankton groups obtained from the study sites

No Zooplankton groups Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Site 5

1 Copepods 6 4 4 6 4

2 Foramenifera 10 0 0 0 0

3 Globigerina 4 2 0 0 0

4 Nauplius larvae 2 0 0 0 2

5 Rotifera 4 4 0 4 0

6 Prawn larvae 1 0 0 2 2

7 Density (no/L) 27 10 4 12 8

Table 3.6 Density (no/100g dry wt) of meiofauna obtained from the study sites.

No Faunal group Site.1 Site 2. Site 3 Site 4 Site 5

1 Decapod larvae 2 1 0 1 1

2 Kinorhyncaa 8 6 6 0 4

3 Nematodes 4 0 0 0 2

4 Oligochaetes 1 0 1 1 1

5 Polychaetes 2 0 1 0 0

6 Density (no/100cm2) 17 7 8 2 8

Table. 3.7 Density (no/100 g dry wt) of benthic macrofauna

No Faunal group Site.1 Site 2. Site 3 Site 4 Site 5

1 Decapoda 0 1 0 1 1

2 Gastropoda 0 0 0 0 1

3 Oligochaetes 2 0 2 2 0

4 Polychaetes 1 0 2 2 0

5 Prawns 1 0 0 0 2

6 Density 4 1 4 5 4

Bird Community at the Intertidal Region

Bird‟s population observed in the intertidal region is enlisted in the Table 3.8. It was

observed that during the low tide period, many birds are visiting the exposed mud bank

for feeding.


Table 3.8 Birds community in the intertidal region

Family & Scientific name Common name Distribution

Order: ciconiformes

Family Ardeidae

Egretta gularis Western reef heron R

Casmerodius albus Large Egret R w

Egretta garzetta Little Egret R

Family:Charadridae

Vanellus indicus Red wattled Lapwing R

Himantopus himantopus Black-winged Stilt R

Note: R = Widespread Resident ,r = Very Local Resident, W = Widespread Winter Visitor w = Sparse Winter Visitor, V = Vagrant

3.2.4 Fisheries in the study area Commercial fishing operation take place only during the monsoon. Other than

monsoon no fishing prevails in the Narmada estuary. A few boats owners reside in

nearby villages in Jageshwar, Ambhetha, Luhara and Suva and they engage

themselves in fishing only during monsoon. The main contribution from this area

towards fisheries potential is through the fishes and crabs. Fish landing centres around

the Gulf of Khambhath account for only 2.1% of the State total- majority of which

takes place on its eastern shores. Beacuse of high suspended load and strong tidal

currents no demersal fishery exists in the Gulf. Whatever fishery is possible is all

pelagic. The Gulf serves as the migratory route for the clupeid hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha)

on their way to the Narmada river for breeding and the outward route for the newly

hatched juveniles and some of the adults.

Table 3.9 Scientific, Common and vernacular names of commercially important commercial fish at gulf of Khambhath in the study area

Groups and Scientific name Common name Vernacular name

Tenualosa ilisha Hilsa Hilsa

Harpodon neherus Bombay duck Bhumla

Drepane punctata Spotted sickle fish Chand

Rasatrelliger kanagurta Indian mackerel Malbari bhangola

Flat heads Platycephalus crecodilus Spotted flat head Kutamachi

Flat fishes Psettodes erumei Indian halibut Hario

Cynoglossus lingua Long tounge- sole Jib

Crustaceans Solenocera crassicornis Coastl mud prawn Lalkolmi

Metapenaeus affinis Jinga prawn Jinga

M. kutchensis Ginger shrimp Jinga

M. monoceros Speckled prawn Kapsi Jinga

Parapenaeopsis stylifera Kiddi prawn Kolmi


P.hardwickii Spear prawn Kolmi

Penaeus pencillatus Red-Tail prawn Jumbo

P.semisulcatus Green tiger prawn Patta jumbo

P.monodon Giant tiger prawn Tiger jumbo

Lobsters Panulirus polyphagus Banded spiny lobster Titan

Thenus orientalis Mud lobster Kako

Crab Charybdis cruciata Cross crab Karchala

Cephalopods Logigo duvaucelli Indian squid Narsinga

Sources : from the fishermen at Jageshwar village and personal observation of their catch and C.M.F.R.I., ( 1994) Marine Fisheries Information services, Published by Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, cochin, India , 314

3.3 Ground water quality

Representative ground water sample from villages were collected from the wells in

the study area and analyzed for relevant parameters. These parameters were compared

with the drinking water specification laid down by Bureau of Indian standard (IS-

10500:1998 ) The results of ground water analysis from the study area is given in the

Table 3.10.

Figure 3.2 Sampling station for Ground water Quality


Table 3.10 Ground water quality of nearby villages

Parameter

GW 1

GW 2

GW 3

Desirable (Maximum)

Permissible (Maximum)

Protocol

Colour (in hazen units)

3 3 3 05 25 IS : 3025 (P-4)

Odour Unobjectionable

Unobjectionable

Unobjectionable

Unobjectionable

Unobjectionable IS : 3025 (P-5)

Taste Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable IS : 3025 (P-4)

Turbidity 4 4 <4 05 NTU 10 NTU IS : 3025 (P-10)

pH 7.73 7.62 7.84 6.5-8.5 No Relaxation IS : 3025 (P-11)

Dissolved Solids 980 864 674 500 2000 IS : 3025 (P-16)

Chloride as Cl 665 644 345 250 1000 IS : 3025 (P-32)

Sulphate as SO4 213 191 84 200 800 IS : 3025 (P-24)

Calcium as Ca 245 197 52 75 200 IS : 3025 (P-40)

Magnesium as Mg

67.3 82.5 23.6 30 100 IS : 3025 (P-46)

Dissolve Iron as Fe

N.D N.D. N.D. 0.3 1.0 APHA 20th Ed.

Total Alkalinity as HCO3

387 384 152 200 600 IS : 3025 (P-29)

Total Hardness as CaCO3

567 536.5 149 300 600 APHA 20th Ed.

Total Chromium as Cr

0.01 0.013 0.01 0.05 No relaxation APHA 20th Ed.

Phenolic Compounds as C6H5OH

N.D N.D. N.D 0.001 0.002 APHA 20th Ed.

Cyanide as Cn N.D N.D N.D 0.05 No relaxation IS : 3025 (P-27)

Zinc as Zn N.D N.D. N.D 5.0 15.0 IS : 3025 (P-49)

Copper as cu N.D N.D. N.D 0.05 1.5 IS : 3025 (P-42)

Mineral oil N.D N.D. N.D 0.01 0.03 IS : 3025 (P-39)

Residual free Cl N.D N.D N.D -- -- IS : 3025 (P-26)

Arsenic as As 0.01 0.017 0.002 0.05 No relaxation IS : 3025 (P-37)

Selenium as Se 0.021 0.024 0.008 0.01 No relaxation IS : 3025 (P-56)

Mercury as Hg N.D N.D N.D 0.001 No relaxation IS : 3025 (P-48)

Cadmium as Cd 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.01 No relaxation IS : 3025 (P-41)

Lead as Pb N.D N.D N.D 0.05 No relaxation IS : 3025 (P-47)

Fluoride as F 0.41 0.51 0.41 1.0 1.5 IS : 3025 (P-23)

Total pestisides N.D N.D N.D Absent 0.001 USEPA-508

Nitrite as NO2 N.D N.D. N.D 0.02 No relaxation IS:3025(P-34)

Nitrate as NO3 0.93 0.87 0.56 45 100 IS : 3025 (P-34)

Total Coliform 5 3 14 10 per 100ml No Relaxation IS : 5401

E. coli Present Present Present Absent No Relaxation IS : 5401

ND: Not detected


3.4 Ambient air quality

The ambient air quality with respect to major pollutants; SPM, SO2 and NOx were

collected from the near the project site and three surrounding villages (Figure 3.3).

The results of the ambient air quality from the different site during the month of

sampling is given in the Table 3.10.

Figure 3.3 Ambient Air Monitoring Stations

Table 3.11 Ambient Air Quality Status in the study area

T

h

e

S

P

Pollutants Particular Location

AQ1

(Dahej)

AQ2

(Petronet

LNG)

AQ3

(Lakhigam

village)

AQ4

(Jageshwar

Village)

AQ5

(Near

IPCL)

SPM

(µg/m3)

Max 165.1 154.5 147.9 167.4 135.5

Min 136.9 123.3 110.5 151.3 98.3

Avg 151 137.4 129.2 159.3 116.9

RSPM

(µg/m3)

Max 64.2 66.7 69.9 68.6 61.6

Min 48.7 57.9 54.7 55.0 52.0

Avg 56.4 62.3 62.3 62.3 56.8

SO2

(µg/m3)

Max 18 30 30 26 30

Min 12 20 22 18 21

Avg 15 25 26 22 25.5

NOx

(µg/m3)

Max 16 21 24 16 20

Min 09 14 14 12 10

Avg 12.5 17.5 19 14 15


The SPM level was observed in the monitoring stations ranged between 135.5

μg/m3and 165.1 μg/m

3. Industrial and commercial activities, constructions, movement

of heavy trucks and mostly un-tarred roads are the major sources of generation of

SPM around the study area. Although the surveyed area fall under industrial zone the

SPM level observed in these stations do not even exceed the limits set for the rural

/residential zone. RSPM levels were found ranging from 61.6 to 69.9 μg/m3. This

was also found to be within the prescribed standards for industrial as well as rural and

residential zone ( as per earlier MoEF Notification). The concentration for SO2 were

analysed between 18.0 and 30.0 μg/m3.

The NOx level ranged in between 16

μg/m3and 24μg/m

3. The main source of SO2 and NOx emission is vehicular &

industrial sources.

3.5 Noise level in the surrounding area

Noise in general is a sound composed of many frequency components having various

loudness distributed over audible frequency range. The most common and universally

accepted scale is the “A” weighted scale which is measured as dB(A). The scale has

been designed to weigh various components of noise according to the response of a

human ear. The noise level is monitored by using well calibrated sound level meter

Lutron, SL 4010.

Figure 3.4 The ambient Noise Monitoring Stations


Table 3.12 The ambient Noise level standard

Area Code Category of area Limit in dB(A)

Day time Night time

A Industrial area 75 70

B Commercial area 65 55

C Residential area 55 45

D Silence zone 50 40

Table 3.13 The Ambient Noise level at study area

3.6 Coastal Geomorphology

The Gulf of Cambay, also called as Gulf of Khambhat, is a dynamic coastal region

situated on the western coast of India. It is an inlet of the Arabian Sea forming a

Quaternary coastal segment of the western coast endowed with a fascinating diversity

of geological features. The Gulf is tectonically active and delimited by the various

Cambay Basin bounding faults. The different parts of this area are quite distinct

geologically and geo-morphologically. The Gulf presents a complex scenario of sedi-

ment input, transport and deposition and redistribution of sediments, comprising an

area experiencing high tidal fluctuations and is characterized by domination of strong

tidal currents. The tidal current directions during flood and ebb tides follow almost

identical paths and reflect bathymetric features of the Gulf. The tidal currents have

mainly been responsible for most of the depositional and erosional features of the

gulf. The topography of the Gulf bottom comprises of numerous underwater ridges,

deep channels and shoals. These features are the reflections of initial presence of

graben faults that were subsequently modified by sediment accumulation and tidal

currents. The linear sandy ridges which themselves are the creation of tidal currents,

now control the tidal current directions and pattern of sediment transport and

deposition.

The coastline of the Gulf of Cambay is featured by a number of estuaries, islands,

cliffs, mud flats, salt marshes and mangrove forests. The prominent estuaries are the

Narmada, Dhadhar and Kalubhar. There has been an appreciable infilling in the

estuarine deltas and rivers bifurcate around the islands. Apart from the islands, there

are many shoals present in the Gulf, especially at the mouth of the estuaries. The

Saurashtra coast (north of Bhavnagar) have fairly extensive mangroves.

Station

Code

Stations Zone

Leq day

dB(A)

Limits

in

dB(A)

Leq

night

In dB(A)

Limits in

dB(A)

N1 Dahej Industrial area 63 75 54 70

N2 Petronet LNG Industrial area 73 65

N3 Jageshwar Industrial area 78 70

N4 IPCL Jetty Industrial area 55 50


The heavy suspended sediment load throughout the Gulf is brought in by the rivers

during and immediately after the monsoon season. During winter, there is

considerable decrease in the concentration of sediments as they start gradually settling

down. Tides play an important role in the movement of the suspended sediments. The

concentration of the suspended sediments is high on the mainland-side dur-ing the

flood tide and in the center of the Gulf during the ebb tide. The geomorphic process of

erosion and deposition and sea level changes continuously modifies the shoreline.

3.7 Biological Environment

3.7.1 Terrestrial Environment With unabated spread of agriculture, urbanization and industrialization, the natural

areas and ecosystem are restricted to isolated pockets, mainly in forest and hilly

inaccessible territories. These patches now represent the remnants of biological

diversity that was much more widespread once upon a time. In essence, biodiversity

conservation must take on a broad interpretation that includes the conservation of

ecosystem and biosphere processes, besides the preservation of endangered and

threatened species of specific habitats or ecosystems (Weaver and Kim, 1994).

The study area falls under Biogeographic zone 4 –Semi Arid and in Biotic Province-

4B-Gujarat Rajputana as shown in Figure 3.5 (Rodger & Panwar,1988). The project

site of the proposed project is located along the northern bank of Narmada estuary off

Gulf of Khambhath. Estuary bank ( intertidal) areas are found to be clayeye in nature.

Area closer to the project site was almost barren and brackish water ingressed zone.

Topography of the core zone was characterized by mainly culturable wastelands

which are mostly invaded by Prosopis juliflora a common thorny weed which grows

rapidly in this type of habitat. No natural forest/vegetation was observed in the core

zone.

3.7.2 Floral diversity of the study area The climatic, edaphic and biotic variations with their complex interrelationship and

composition of species, which are adapted to these variations, have resulted in

different vegetation cover, characteristic of each region. The following account of

floral diversity, based on the field survey conducted during April, 2009, is not very

comprehensive data and is aimed only to give a general pattern of vegetation of this

region during the study period as a baseline data. Further, there is a severe threat to

the natural vegetation owing to the biotic pressure. Listing of the endangered,


threatened and endemic species of flora in a locality and drawing the attention to the

occurrence of such species, would aid in creating awareness amongst the local people

as a whole to protect such species from extinction, and to take necessary measures for

their conservation. These type of floristic study is an inventory for such purpose and

hence a necessity.

The vegetation of this area can be classified on the basis of habitats as; open fallow

lands, Salt ingressed region, areas under cultivations, hedge vegetation and scrub

jungles. The dominant tree species, herbs and shrubs and major crops, were

documented during this base line study.

Tree species enlisted from the study area is given in the Table 3.14, 51 trees belong to

25 families were enlisted from the study area.

Table 3.14 Dominant tree species in the study area

Family & Scientific name Vernacular name

1 Anacardiaceae

1/1 Mangifera indica L. Ambo

2 Annonaceae

2/1 Polyalthia longifolia Asopalav

3 Apocynaceae


4/2 Plumeria rubra

4 Arecaceae

5/1 Cocos nucifera Nariel

6/2 Hyphaene dichotoma Ravan tad

7/3 Borassus flabellifer L. Tad

8/4 Phoenix dactylifera L. Tad

9/5 Roystonea regia (H.B. & K.)O.F.Cook Bottle plam

5 Avicenniaceae

10/1 Avicennia alba

6 Bignoniaceae

11/1 Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Roydo

7 Bombacaceae

12/1 Adansonia digitata L. Rukhado

13/2 Bombax ceiba L. Shimalo

8 Caesalpiniaceae

14/1 Parkinsonia aculeata L Rambaval

15/2 Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Backer

ex Heyne

Sonmukhi

16/3 Cassia fistula L. Garmalo

17/4 Senna siamea Lam. Kasida

18/5 Tamarindus indicum L. Amali

9 Casuarinaceae

19/1 Casuarina equisetifolia L. Sharu

10 Combretaceae

20/1 Terminalia catappa L. Badam

21/2 Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb.) Wall. Dhamado

11 Ebenaceae

22/1 Diospyros cordifolia Roxb. Dheki

12 Ehretiaceae

23/1 Cordia dichotoma Forst. Gunda

24/2 Cordia gharaf (Forsk.) E. & A. Gundi

13 Meliaceae

25/1 Azadirachta indica A.Juss Limbado

14 Mimosaceae

26/1 Acacia nilotica (L.) Del.subsp.indica

(Bth.) Brenan

Baval

27/2 Albizia lebbeck L. Sirid

28/3 Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Pardesi Baval

29/4 Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce Khyigdo

30/5 Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC Gadobaval

31/6 Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Bth. Gorasmli

15 Moraceae

32/1 Ficus benghalensis L Vad

33/2 Ficus religiosa L Piplo

34/3 Ficus microcarpa L. Nandark vad

16 Moringaceae

35/1 Moringa oleifera Lam Sargavo

17 Myrtaceae

36/1 Eucalyptus citriodora Hk. Nilgari

37/2 Syzygium cumini ( L) Jambu

18 Papilionaceae

38/1 Butea monosperma (Lam.) Palas

39/2 Delonix regia(Boj) Gulmohar

40/3 Parkinsonia aculeata L. Rambaval

41/4 Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Tamrafali)


42/5 Derris indica ( Lam.) Karanj

19 Salvadoraceae

43/1 Salvadora persica L. Piludo

20 Sapotaceae

44/1 Manilkara zapota L. van Royen Chikoo

45/2 Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Rayan

46/3 Madhuca indica J.F. Gmel. Mahuvo

22 Simaroubaceae

47/1 Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Aurdso

23 Rhamnaceae

48/1 Zizyphus glabrata Heyne ex Roth. Bor

49/2 Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. Bordi

24 Rutaceae

50/1 Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Bili

25 Verbenaceae

51/1 Tectona grandis L. Sag

Shrubs and Herbs

Shrubs encountered during the present survey are given in the Table 3.15. About 28

shrubs belonging to 18 families were enumerated from the study area. Most dominant

shrubs in the core zone and buffer zone were Prosopis juliflora, Calotropis gigantea,

Calotropis procera, and Balanites aegyptiaca. Table 3.16 shows the herbaceous

vegetation observed in the area.

Table 3.15 Dominant shrubs in the study area

4. Opuntia elatior Mill. Fafdo Thor

5 Capparis decidua (Forsk.) Edgew Kerdo

6 Capparis sepiaria L. Kanthar

7 Ipomoea fistulosa Mart.ex Choisy Nasarmo

8 Euphorbia nivulia Buch. – Ham. Thor

9 Jatropha curcas L. Ratanjot

10 Jatropha gossypifolia L. Paerdesi divalo

11 Ricinus communis L. Divel

12 Lawsonia inermis Mendhi

13 Abelmoschus manihot L. Jungli Bindi

14 Gossypium herbaceum L. Kapas

15 Hibiscus rosa sinensis L. Jasund

16 Prosopis juliflora DC Gando baval

17 Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. Bougainvel

18 Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. Shevari

19 Zizyphus nummularia (Burm.f.) W. &. Chanibor

20 Ixora brachiata (L) Garbale

21 Solanum incanum L Ubhi ringan

22 Datura metel L Daturo

23 Clerodendrum multiflorum (Burm.f.) O.Ktze Arni

24 Lantana camara var. aculeata


1. Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br Akado

2 Calotropis gigantea

3. Balanites aegyptiaca L. Ingorio, Angario


Table3.16 Herbaceous species observed in the area


Achyranthes aspera L. Anghedi, Anghedo

Aerva javanica (Burm.f.)Juss. Bur,Gorakhganjo

Blumea eriantha DC. Kalhar

Echinops echinatus Roxb Shulio

Eclipta prostrata (L.) Bhangro

Lacunae procumbens (Roxb) .Moti Bhonpatri

Parthenium hysterophorus L --

Tridax procumbens L Pardesi Bhangro

Trichodesma indicum R. Br. Undha Fuli

Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt Ghiloda

Cucumis callosus Cogn Kothimdu

Cressa cretica L. Palio, Rudanti

Ipomoea pes-caprae (L) Dariani vel

Ipomoea obscura Ker Vad fudradi

Commelina sp --

Cyperus difformis L. --

Cyperus rotundus L. --

Cyperus sp. --

Fimbristylis dichotoma Vahl. --

Chrozophora rottleri (Geis.) Juss. --

Euphorbia hirta L. --

Leucas sps. --

Abutilon indicum L. Khapat,Dabaliar

Sida sp. --

Boerhavia diffusa L. Satodi

Boerhavia chinensis Druce --

Crotalaria burhia Bach. – Ham. Kharshan

Argemone mexicana L. Darudi

Aristida sp. --

Cynodon dactylon (L.) --

Phragmites kara (Retz.) --

Solanum indicum L. Ringni

Solanum nigrum L. Piludi

Tribulus terrestris L. Mithu Gokhru

Climbers and twiners

The climbers and twiners observed along the agricultural hedges and road side hedges

of the study area is given in the Table 3.17. Eleven climbers belongs to 6 families

were recorded from the area.

Table 3.17 Dominant climbers and twiners recorded in the study area


1. Pentatropis spiralis (Forsk.) Decne Shingroti

2. Ipomea aquatica Forsk. Nadinivel

3. Coccinia grandis Ghiloda

4. Luffa cylindrica (L.) M.J.Roem Galku

5. Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) C.jeffrey Shivelangi

6. Mukia maderaspatana (L.) M.Roem. Chanakchibhdi


7. Mucuna prurita Hk.f. Kavach, Koyli

8. Abrus precatorius L. Chanothi

Major Crops

Major crops are being grown in the study area include Tuvar (Cajanus cajan) Jowar

(Sorghum vulgare) and Cotton (Gossypium herbaceum) are practiced as the main

crops.

3.7.3 Faunal biodiversity of the study area For the documentation of the faunal biodiversity of the study area with respect to

birds, reptiles, amphibians, and butterfly species, a baseline survey had been

conducted.

Birds of the study area

Systematic account of the birds in the study area with the status of occurrence is given

in the Table 3.18.

Table 3.18 Systematic lists of birds in the study area with its distribution and migratory status

I order: Apodiformes

Family: Apodidae (swifts)

Old Common name New Common Name Scientific Name

Common Swift Common Swift Apus apus R

House swift Little Swift Apus affinis R

Darter or Snake Birds Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster

A.rufa R

Family: Ardeidae (heron, Egret, Bittern)


Indian Reef Heron Western Reef-Egret Egretta gularis R

Cattle Egret Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis R

Median or Smaller Egret Intermediate Egret Mesophoyx intermedia

Egretta intermedia R

Little Egret Little Egret Egretta garzetta R

Pond Heron Indian Pond-Heron Ardeola grayii R

Family: Charadriidae (Plover, Stilt, Oystercatcher, Lapwing, Avocet )

Black-winged Stilt Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus R

Red-wattled Lapwing Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus R

Family: Laridae (Tern, Gull, Jaeger, Skua , Skimmer and Noody)

Black-bellied Tern Black-bellied Tern Sterna acuticauda R

Family: Ciconiidae (Open bill, stork, Adjutant)


Painted Stork Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala R

Family: Phalacrocoracidae ( Cormorant)


Indian Shag Indian Cormorant Phalacrocorax

fuscicollis R

Little Cormorant Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger R

III ORDER: COLUMBIFORMES

Family: Columbidae (Pigeon, Dove)

Old Common name New Common Name Scientific Name Dist.

Blue Rock Pigeon Rock Pigeon Columba livia R

Ring Dove Eurasian Collared-Dove Streptopelia decaocto R


Note: R = Widespread Resident, r = Very Local Resident, W = Widespread Winter visitor, w = Sparse Winter Visitor, RW =Resident and winter visitor, M= Migrant

I V : ORDER: CORACIFORMES

Family: Dacelonidae (King fishers)


White breasted Kingfisher White-throated Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis R

Family: Coraciidae (Roller)


Blue Jay or Roller Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis R

Family: Meropidae (Bee Eater)

Common green bee eater Merops orientalis R

V. ORDER: CUCULIFORMES

Family: Centropodidae (Cocucal)


Crow-Pheasant or Coucal Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis R

VI. ORDER: GALLIFORMES

Family: Phasianidae (Peafowl , Partridge, Quail, francolin, spur fowl, jungle fowl, Monal, )


Common Peafowl Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus R

VII. ORDER: PASSERIFORMES Note: R = Widespread Resident, r = Very Local Resident, W = Widespread Winter visitor, w = Sparse Winter Visitor, RW =Resident and winter visitor, M= Migrant

Family: Corvidae


House Crow House Crow Corvus splendens R

Black drongo- King Crow Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus

Dicrurus adsimilis R

Family: Laniidae (shrike)


Rufous backed Shrike Long-tailed Shrike Lanius schach R

Grey Shrike Northern Shrike Lanius excubitor R

Family: Muscicapidae ( Short wing, Chat, Robin, Shama


Indian Robin Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicata R

Pied Bushchat Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata R

Family: Nectariniidae ( Sun Birds, Flower pecker, Spider hunter )


Purple Sunbird Purple Sunbird Nectarinia asiatica R

Small Sunbird Crimson-backed Sunbird Nectarinia minima R

Family: Passeridae ( Avadavat,Pipit, Wagtail, Munia, Snowfinch, sparrow, weaver ,Accentor)


House Sparrow House Sparrow Passer domesticus R

Family: Pycnonotidae (Bulbul, )


Red-vented Bulbul Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer R

Family: Sturnidae (Myna, Starling)


Bank Myna Bank Myna Acridotheres ginginianus R

Indian Myna Common Myna Acridotheres tristis R

Family: Sylviidae ( Warbler, Browning, Fulvetta ,Babbler, Laughing thrash, Tailor birds,


Common Babbler Common Babbler Turdoides caudatus R

Jungle Babbler Jungle Babbler Turdoides striatus R


Note: R = Widespread Resident, r = Very Local Resident, W = Widespread Winter visitor, w = Sparse Winter Visitor, RW =Resident and winter visitor, M= Migrant

VIII. ORDER: PSITTACIFORMES

Family: Psittacidae (Parrot and Parakeet)


Rose-ringed Parakeet Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri R

Order: Upupiformes

Family: Upupidae


Hoopoe Eurasian Hoopoe Upupa epops RW Note: R = Widespread Resident, r = Very Local Resident, W = Widespread Winter Visitor, w = Sparse Winter Visitor, RW =Resident and winter visitor, M= Migrant

Butterflies from the study area

Butterflies in the study area (Core zone and Buffer zone) are restricted to few places

where Lantana camara and Calotropis procera were growing. Butterflies observed

during the present study are documented in the Table 3.19.

Table 3.19 Butterflies in the study area

Scientific name & family Common name

Family Papilionidae

Papilio polytes Linnaeus Common Mormon

Pachliopta aristolochiae Fabricuis Common Rose

Family Pieridae

Eurema hecabe Linnaeus Common Grass yellow

Catopsilia pomona Fabricius Common Emigrant

Catopsilia pyranthe Linnaeus Mottled Emigrant

Delias eucharis Drury Common Jezebel

Ixias marianne Cramer White orange tip

Ixias pyrene Linnaeus Yellow orange tip

Colotis danae Crimson tip

Family: Nymphalidae

Acraea violae Fabricius Twany Coaster

Danaus chrysippus Plain Tiger

Hypolimanas misippus Danaid egg fly

Herpetofauna Reptiles observed in the study area are given in the Table 3.20

Table 3.20 Reptiles in the study area

Sl. No.

Common Name Scientific name

1 Common garden lizard Calotes versicolor (Daudin)

3 Russell’s Viper Daboia russelii ( Shaw and Nodder)

4 Common Indian Krait Bungarus caeruleus ( Schneider)

5 Common rat snake Ptyas mucosus (Linn.)

6 Common Indian monitor Varanus bengalensis ( Schneider)

7 Brahminy skink Mabuya carinata (Schneider)

8 House Gecko Hemidactylus flaviviridis (Ruppell)

Not sighted but included as per the information provided by villagers


Mammals

The wild mammals observed other than the domesticated ones in the core zone is

given in the Table 3.21.

Table 3.21 Mammals observed in the core zone

Sl. No Common name Scientific name

1 Three striped Palm

squirrel

Funambulus palmarum (Linnaeus)

2 Common House Rat Rattus rattus (Linnaeus)

3 Common Mongoose Herpestes edwardsi (Geoffroy)

4 Jungle cat Felis chaus

Buffer zone

The wild mammals observed other than domesticated ones from the buffer zone of the

study area is documented in the Table 3.22.

Table3.22 Mammals from the buffer zone

Sl. No Common Name Scientific name

1. Three striped Palm

squirrel

Funambulus palmarum (Linnaeus)

2. Common House Rat Rattus rattus (Linnaeus)

3. Common Mongoose Herpestes edwardsi (Geoffroy)

Rare and endangered fauna of the study area

The IUCN Red List is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global

conservation status of plant and animal species. It uses a set of criteria to evaluate the

extinction risk of thousands of species and subspecies. These criteria are relevant to

all species and all regions of the world. With its strong scientific base, the IUCN Red

List is recognized as the most authoritative guide to the status of biological diversity.

IUCN,(2007) has evaluated 1976 animal species from India, among them 313 have in

recognized as threatened species. Among them one species is considered as extinct

,while 44 species are in critically endangered( CR) catogery,88 is in endangered

category(EN), while 181 is considered as vulnerable (VU).

Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, amended on 17th January 2003, is an Act to

provide for the protection of wild animals, birds and plants and for matters connected

therewith or ancillary or incidental thereto with a view to ensuring the ecological and

environmental security of the country..

Some of the sighted fauna was given protection by the Indian Wild Life

(Protection)Act,1972 by including them in different schedules .Among the birds in the


study area, Pea fowl (Pavo cristatus), is included in schedule I .of Wild life protection

Act (1972), while many other birds are included in schedule IV.

Among the reptiles, Common rat snake (Ptyas mucosus) were provided protection as

per Schedule-II of Wild life protection act, (1972)

Among mammals; Common Mongoose (Herpestes edwardsi) and Jungle cat (Felis

chaus) are a schedule –II animals.

Migratory birds & winter visitors in the study area

No migratory birds were observed during the field survey conducted during April-

May 2009. There were 6 winter visitors in the study area among them one was true

winter visitors, and 5 were given the distribution status of Resident and winter

visitors, by WCMC as small population of these birds reside in our country even after

the winter months.

Table 3.23 Winter visitors in the study area

Zone Winter visitors Resident and Winter visitors

Core Zone --- Pied Avocet, Eurasian Spoonbill, Common Coot,

Eurasian Hoopoe

Buffer zone

Demoiselle Crane

Pied Avocet,

Greater Flamingo Eurasian Hoopoe

Whole study

area

Demoiselle Crane

Pied Avocet, Greater Flamingo, Eurasian

Spoonbill, Common Coot, Eurasian Hoopoe

3.8 Socio-economic status of the core zone

The socioeconomic profile of the study area is collected through questionnaire as well

as from the secondary data available from the 2001 census. There are immediate six

villages with in 5km from the project site, where primary survey was conducted.

Villages such as Dahej, Ambhetha and lakhigamwere found to be peri-urban set up.

Dahej is the largest among them with a population of 3756 of 1551 households. Dahej

is followed by lakhigam witha population of 3357 from 640 households. Jageshwar,

Ambhetha, Vengani and Luhara are small villages with a population of 1465 (from

346 hh), 1330 (from 293 hh) , 675 ( from 150 hh), 1393 ( from 276) respectyively.

The nearest town is Bharuch which is district head quarters fifty km from the

proposed site. As far as literacy arte is concerned the average liracy rate in all these

surveyed villages was 60% which is found to be very impressive. Every village has a

primary school and for high education students depend on Dahej. No college is


located in this area. During the survey it was observed that one more high school is

under construction in Jageshwar village. For better medical facility villagers depend

on Bharuch city which is about 50 km.

Most of the villagers in the surveyed area are engaged in nearby industries and other

petty jobs. Farming is not considered as a livelihood support system for the villagers

fo reasons like the non availability of land ( most of the lands being sold to GIDC)

and not suitable for farming (lack of irrigation facility and less fertile soil). Although

the villages are suroounded by industries by non other than Reliance Petrochemicals,

LNG Petronet, Gujarat Fertilizer Corporation Limited, ABG Shipyard and other small

big units, the socio-economic condition of the villagers were not found so sound. The

basic amenities such as health care, education and drinking water facility were grossly

neglected areas in the study area. Though some of the industries came forward to

solve atleast the drinking water issue in this region is a commendable effort.


4 PREDICTION AND EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

4.1 Introduction

Prediction of the impacts essentially involves determination of magnitude and extent

of the probable impacts likely to occur due to the proposed action. Whereas the

assessment or evaluation of impacts involve determination of significance of impacts.

An attempt has been made to predict and evaluate the likely environmental impacts

due to the proposed project along the northern bank of Narmada estuary, for

simplicity, the project impacts have been considered separately for both construction

and operational phase. The predictions were done assuming worst possible scenarios

so as to be able to delineate a realistic plan towards mitigation of the impacts

generated.

Physical location of the offshore fabrication yard including a shipyard, wide variety of

process, equipment and materials, and the outdoor nature of the work conducted at

such a large scale, are especially prone to polluting the surrounding air, water and

land.

There are several different functions that occur during the operational phase from the

proposed project activities. Some functions employ a few people, while others employ

many people, including various subcontractors, electricians, labors, machinists,

welders, painters, sandblasters, riggers, pipe fitters and a number of administrative

and managerial staff. Each of these facilities and associated manufacturing services

creates their own unique set of potential environmental problems. Moreover, the

offshore fabrication yard is entirely based on the order received from the clients and

not a year long activity.

Water , air and noise pollution, accumulations of solid and hazardous waste and point

and non-point pollution can occur simultaneously with the variety of operations that

occur at these facilities. Being a water front project, the maximum impact due to the

proposed project shall be on the marine/coastal environment as stated earlier.

The coastal water contains more high level taxonomic diversity than the terrestrial

environment, by a wide margin, so, It is the duty of the humanity to conserve the

marine biodiversity by assessing the possible impact and preparing the mitigatory

measure to minimize any impacts that may created due to the proposed development.


4.2 Impacts from Construction Phase

The site-levelling during the reclamation period is the major source of fugitive

emission. The soil and boulders will be brought from Jhagadia area and no soil or any

other reclamation material will be removed from the study area. Hence there will be

no immediate impact on the local land environment.

The yard will be protected in the waterfront area by rock bund along the northern

bank. There is an existing approach road from Dahej to the project site. All internal

roads (within the premises) shall be laid 9 meter wide, designed suitably for the

passage of Trailers and Cranes for easy movement between all the units.

4.2.1 Impact on Ambient Air Environment Air emissions have no boundaries and can migrate from one place to another

depending upon the wind direction and speed. The sources of air emission can be

grouped into three categories of point, area and line sources:

During the construction phase, SPM is expected to be the main pollutant associated

with on-site roads (paved and unpaved), stockpiles and material handling. In this case,

pollution emission sources shall be distributed throughout the project site and shall

fall under the category of area source. The land acquired is fairly flat, so extensive

formation work is not expected during this phase. It is assumed that most of the

excavated material shall be used within the project, with minimal cut and fill material

to come from outside the site. Due to the confined nature of heavy construction

activity during this limited period, tailpipe emissions from construction equipment are

assumed to be essentially negligible.

4.2.2 Impact on Ambient Noise Environment The assessment of the impacts of noise on the surrounding areas depends upon:

Characteristics of noise source (instantaneous, intermittent, or continuous in

nature, with the latter contributing the least to noise pollution);

Time of day at which noise occurs; and

Location of noise source with respect to noise sensitive receptor.

For the purposes of predicting noise emissions impacts from the site, the noise

emission sources were examined during construction and operational phases.


Sources of noise emissions are expected from various construction equipments.

General noise levels generated from the operation of equipment and machinery are

provided in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1 Noise levels Generated from construction equipment

Name of Source Noise Level at 16 m (50 ft)

from

Source in dB(A)

Noise Level at 1 m from

source (calculated) in

dB(A)

Air Compressor 87 111

Back Hoe/Loader 81 105

Concrete Mixer Truck 85 109

Concrete Pumper 70 94

Concrete Vibrators 77 101

Cranes - mobile 81 105

Dump Truck 83 107

Generator Not considered

75 (as prescribed by

CPCB)

Hammering 86 110

Jackhammer 88 112

Pile Driver 100 124

Radial Arm Saw 80 104

Source: www.gvrd.bc.ca/education/pdf04/ColumbiaWorkshop1-ConstructionNoise.pdf

The MoEF has not yet prescribed noise emission specifications for construction

equipment. However, the limited information available is provided in Table 4.2.

Table 4.2 Noise Limits for Appliances and Construction Equipment at Manufacturing Stage

Equipment Noise Limit dB(A)

Window Air Conditioner 68

Air Cooler 60

Diesel Generators 85-90

Compactors (rollers), Front Loaders, Concrete

Mixers, Cranes, Vibrators, and Saws

75

4.2.3 Impact on Water Resources Construction activities for the proposed development can have minor impact on

surface water quality of the area if the construction waste releases into the water

bodies (Narmada estuary). Potential sources of pollution that may impact on water

quality in the area are as follows.

i. Soil runoff from the project may lead to off-site contamination (particularly

during rainy season).

ii. Improper disposal of construction debris may lead to off-site contamination of

water resources.


iii. Unaccounted disposal of domestic wastewater from temporary labour camps.

iv. Discharge of oil/grease/lubricants from the vehicles/construction equipments

and wastewater stream generated from activities such as vehicles washing and

maintenance of equipments.

Construction and Development of site: Development of the proposed site could lead

to stockpiling and excavation activity on the site, thereby causing erosion of base soil.

The run off from the site may contain high quantity of suspended solids (SS). The

impact of runoff may not be very significant except during rainy season. Further

construction of garland drains will reduce the runoff from the stockpiles.

Site workshop: The repair and maintenance of equipments/vehicles on site would

generate waste containing oil and grease. The wastewater stream would also be

generated from vehicle washing. The impact can be mitigated to a great extent by

collecting the same in separate containers and disposing at a designated disposal

ground.

Construction of Roads and Parking Areas: The impact from the road construction

depends on both the construction practices and the type of material used. Construction

waste of electrical installation, DG sets, painting and flooring may create significant

impact.

Temporary Labour tents: The water environment is also affected due to disposal of

water used by the labour etc. for daily toilet needs. A septic tank shall be provided

with toilet facilities to meet the daily needs of labour during working hours.

4.2.4 Impact on Socio-Economic Environment The construction phase will generate employment opportunity in the skilled as well as

unskilled categories. The expected labour force required during construction is to the

tune of 500-1000. Although the workforce requirement will be temporary in nature, it

will be met from the local populace as far as possible hence there will be positive but

temporary negligible negative impact in terms of local resource utilisation. They will

require essential basic infrastructure facilities viz. safe drinking water, adequate

sanitation. These requirements will have some impacts on the existing facilities in the

locality.


The contractor will provide all required facilities to the labourers to reduce the impact

on the existing facilities in the study area. There are positive impacts also envisaged.

Local businessmen will get opportunity to supply construction materials. Demands

generated from the labour colony for basic facilities including eatables etc. will

increase the local business activity of the area.

The surrounding villages are still observed as economically not sound due to the lack

of employment opportunities. Any development, either temporary or permanent will

support the family of many villagers.

4.2.5 Impact from solid waste generation During the construction phase, solid waste generated will include biomass from land

clearing activities, waste from the temporary labour tents, construction and hazardous

waste. Impact from construction waste may arise owing to the shortage of dumping

sites, increase in transportation and disposal cost and environmental deterioration.

Potential pollution problems during construction activities include dumping of

construction debris into surface water drains. Proposed mitigation plan suggest

maximum reuse of construction waste on site or removal of waste from the site and

proper disposal, which would reduce the impact significantly (details in EMP

Section).

Hazardous wastes generated during construction phase may include contaminated

soil, construction debris (including asbestos-containing material), waste fuel and

lubricants, oil filters and batteries. Pollution risks may arise from leakage and

discharge of oil or fuel through poor protection, vehicle damage or the accidental

opening of valves. Potential pollution problems may arise from storage, treatment and

transportation of contaminated soils; and residual paints and solvents. Hazardous

waste management measures suggested in EMP would reduce the impact.

The waste from temporary labour tents would be mainly household domestic waste

that would be managed by the contractor for collection and disposal activities.

4.2.6 Impact on Local Biological Environment The potential impacts of project construction on terrestrial and aquatic ecological

potential sources include terrestrial ecology and aquatic ecology.

Terrestrial Ecology:

Site Formation: The site has been acquired from the GIDC. Earlier these areas were

being utilized for farming activities and hence the habitats in the proposed project


area support plant species typical of agricultural habitats and having a low plant

diversity and simple structure (mostly herbaceous weed species and very low quality

tree species especially Prosopis juliflora). There is no permanent vegetation in the

acquired land. Hence no impact is envisaged from site formation activities.

Noise, Air Pollution and other Disturbances: Air, noise and visual disturbance may

be generated during the site development that can affect the behavior of fauna

(especially bird, butterflies and other insects, reptiles) of the adjacent habitats. Most

fauna recorded or reported to occur in the study area are disturbance tolerant.

Construction will mainly take place in project areas, where floral and faunal

representatives are highly improvised. Existing marine facilities and related activities

are found in nearby areas from IPCL Jetty, ABG Shipyard and other infrastructural

activities. Hence; the potential impacts to faunal groups from this source are ranked as

very negligible.

Aquatic Ecology

Release of wastes from labour camps & inert wastes from construction activities and

discharge of oil/grease/lubricants into Narmada estuary will have major impact on the

aquatic ecosystem. Adequate measures to arrest additional impact from the proposed

project has been recommended in EMP chapter.

4.3 Impacts from Operational Phase

Fabrication of offshore structures and ship building operate on a job basis. The main

operations envisaged at WIL are Cutting, blasting, welding and painting.

Cutting and welding: Oxy-fuel welding (commonly called oxyacetylene

welding, oxy welding, or gas welding in the U.S.) and oxy-fuel cutting are processes

that use fuel gases and oxygen to weld and cut metals, respectively. In oxy-fuel

cutting, a cutting torch heats the metal and oxygen is trained on it and in result metal

burns and then flows out of the cut (kerf) as an oxide slag. The most commonly used

fuel gases in the process are propylene, liquified petroleum gas

(LPG), propane, natural gas and hydrogen gas. For the present activity acetylene (non

toxic and flammable) and oxygen will be used. The annual requirement is 16000

oxygen cylinders, 8000 Acetylene cylinders and about 10000 LPG cylinders for

heating (as provided by WIL).

http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kerf

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propylene

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquified_petroleum_gas

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propane

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gas

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen


Blasting: During abrasive blasting stream of abrasive material is forced against a

surface under high pressure to smooth a rough surface, roughen a smooth surface,

shape a surface, or remove surface contaminants. Although many abrasives used in

blasting booths are not hazardous in themselves, (steel shot and grit, cast iron,

aluminum oxide [aka corundum], garnet, plastic abrasive and glass bead), other

abrasives (silica sand, copper slag, nickel slag, and staurolite) have varying degrees of

hazard (typically free silica or heavy metals). Thus, Sand and copper slag blasting is

not considered for this project.

Painting: Spray painting is done to protect metal against the corrosion and also to

beautify an object. Many paints, coatings, catalysts, sealers, hardeners, and solvents

contain hazardous chemicals. Exposure to chemicals can occur during mixing of the

coating, spraying the material, and grinding or sanding it. Symptoms of overexposure

to hazardous chemicals include nausea, rashes, and long term illnesses like asthma,

lung cancer, and sensitization (becoming severely allergic to the paint). Apart from

risk to health fire hazard is another aspects to be looked at in the painting area.

Other activities: Apart from the main operation described above, operation of DG

sets, vehicles plying on the road to bring in and out the material and people are other

activities with some impacts.

4.3.1 Raw material inputs and pollutant outputs in the offshore fabrication yard Raw material inputs to the offshore fabrication yard are primarily steel and other

metals, paints, blasting abrasives, and machine and cutting oils, gases (Oxygen,

Acetylene and LPG). Pollutants and wastes generated typically include waste oils and

resins, metal bearing sludge and wastewater, waste paint, waste paint chips, and spent

abrasives. The major activities that generate wastes and pollutant outputs are

discussed below:

4.3.2 Impact on ambient Air Environment The greatest emission potential from electric arc welding is particulate matter and

particulate phase (fume). Hazardous air pollutants are the major concerns in the

welding processes. Most of the particulate matter produced by welding is submicron

in size and, as such, is considered to be all PM-10. The elemental composition of the

fume varies with the electrode type and with the work piece composition. Hazardous

metals that have been identified in welding fume include manganese (Mg), nickel

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abrasive

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roughness

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contaminant

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_slag


(Ni), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), and lead (Pb). Among the arc welding processes,

Submerged Metal Arc Welding (SAW) has the lowest fume formation rate. The

SAW produces an arc between a bare metal electrode and the work contained in a

blanket of granular fusible flux. The flux submerges the arc and welding pool. The

electrode generally serves as the filler material. The quality of the weld depends on

the handling and care of the flux. The SAW process is limited to the downward and

horizontal positions, but it has an extremely low fume formation rate. Maximum

welding of heavy diameter pipes within the factory and outside will be carried out by

SAW process.

4.3.3 Impact on Water Resources During the operation phase of the proposed project, the critical project impacts on

water environment includes

i. Impact on quantity of available ground water resources in the region due to

increased water demand

ii. Impact on quality of water due to disposal of wastewater generated from the

proposed development.

4.3.4 Impact on water availability It is estimated that the total fresh water demand for the project is 177 KL per day.

GIDC has agreed to provide the water required for project activities during

operational period. Ground water shall not be used for any kind of activities either

during construction or operational phase. Hence impact on water availability is not an

issue.

4.3.5 Impacts due to disposal of waste water Waste water generated from the project premises contains suspended and dissolved

solid, organic and in organic matter, nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous,

paints, oil, grease and pathogens. If wastewater is discharged without proper

treatment, it would have significant impact on surrounding environment. A sewage

treatment plant is proposed on the site to treat the effluent generated from the

proposed project. The sewage treatment plant would be designed to meet CPCB

norms with respect to the discharge limits. The treated effluent shall be used for

landscaping and flushing.


4.3.6 Impact from fabrication activities Fume particulates can be deposited on surfaces throughout the work area or job site,

where they may be exposed to rainfall and contribute to storm water pollutant loading.

Paint types range from water-based coatings to high performance epoxy coatings. The

type of paint needed for a certain application depends on the environment that the

coating will be exposed.

4.3.7 Impact on socioeconomic environment Similar to the construction phase, the operation phase will also provide opportunities

for employment mostly in the skilled and semi skilled categories. Operation of the

proposed project will also require transportation facilities to the commuters to

commute from a nearby place to the project site and vice versa. This will enhance the

income of the people associated with transport sector. All these activities will need

support services like food, housing, school, medical facility etc. ultimately leading to

improvement in quality of life of local people. Indirectly, other service sectors also

stand to benefit and impacts are positive.

4.4 Miscellaneous impact

4.4.1 Impact on fish / fishing

It was observed that fishermen in the study area practice the fishing in the estuary and

in the Gulf during monsoon only. Other than monsoon no fishing activity take place

in Narmada. Hence impact on fishing from the proposed development is a non-issue.

4.4.2 Impact on public health There is no soil borne and water borne endemic diseases reported in the area.

However, cases of common viral fever, gastroenteritis, and dysentery have been

reported. The establishment of the offshore fabrication yard/shipyard in no way will

increase the pollution in the region and hence will not have adverse effects on the

public health. Development of recreational avenues and medical facilities, including

ambulance in the project premises will in fact lead to betterment of public health.


4.4.3 Impact due to natural calamities on proposed project and its environmental aspects Cyclones

From the wind and cyclone hazard of India, it is learnt that this part of Gujarat state

falls under moderate damage risk zone (Vb=44m/s). Still then due care has to be taken

during the construction stage to strengthen all the structure in the fabrication

yard/Shipyard to with stand the wind velocity of this region.

Source: BMTPC- Vulnerability Atlas- 2

nd Edition

Figure 4.1 Wind and cyclone Map of Gujarat


Earthquakes

The proposed project area falls in seismic zone-III (moderately earthquake prone

areas). All the structures will be strictly followed the norms recommended for one

more level high i.e the seismic zone-IV.

Figure 4.2 Seismic map of India


5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

5.1 Introduction

An environmental management plan (EMP) is a management framework for reducing

environmental impacts and improving organizational performance. EMP provide

organizations, a structured approach for managing environmental and regulatory

responsibilities to improve overall environmental performance, including areas not

subject to regulation such as unregulated risk, resource conservation, and energy

efficiency.

This type of development can bring about considerable changes in land / coastal and

marine environment. As it is aware that even very minor alterations of the physical

and chemical environment may lead to both short term and long-term effects on

biological system, proper care has to be taken from planning stage itself. Adopting

mitigatory measures, including incorporation of suitable features in the planning and

design stage can minimize the adverse impacts, envisaged during construction and

operation phases. In view of the study area and project requirements, the proposed

plan discusses appropriate measures to be considered during construction as well as

operation phases.

5.2 Construction phase

Measures should be appropriately taken during construction phase of the shipyard

cum off shore fabrication unit, to contain land, water and air pollution.

Construction activities should be restricted to daytime as far as possible to avoid any

disturbance to surrounding areas. Also during concrete work, care should be taken so

that no mortar or cementing material should dispose off into the estuary.

To minimize any impact on aquatic system it is advisable to take all precautionary

measures, by using plastics sheet or tarpaulin in order to avoid any chance of dumping

of construction materials in to the estuary. Provisions for infrastructure services

including water supply, and electrification will be made available to the construction

workers from the existing facilities.

Safety equipment should be provided to the workers working in the high-risk zone as

per the safety rules under existing regulation.


5.2.1 Air Environment Dust emission will take place during the site-leveling and reclamation activity which

is temporary.

All the internal roads have to be properly surfaced to reduce the fugitive dust

due to vehicular movement.

Water sprinklers shall be used to control the fugitive dusts.

Cleaner fuel will be provided to the labours to keep air pollution due to fuel

burining be restricted.

Fossil fuel or timber burning will not be permitted in the premises.

Diesel driven construction machineries shall be properly maintained to

minimize the exhaust emission and noise pollution.

5.2.2 Water Environment

Any wastewater generated during the construction period shall not be

allowed to be discharged in sea.

Toilet facility will be provided for the workers and wastewater generated

would be collected and treated appropriately using septic tanks and soak pits.

5.2.3 Solid Waste

Soil excavated during site preparation will be treated appropriately and used

to fill low lying areas of the plot. Thus, disposal of excavated soil is not

envisaged.

Care will be taken by the authorities to ensure that domestic wastes from

labour camps if any during the construction phase are not thrown in open

space, sea or any other space, which may cause inconvenience.

Waste collection bins / bags will be provided at each probable location where

waste generation is expected.

Segregation of domestic and other solid waste would be ensured.

Transportation of waste will be done on regular basis before the temporary

waste-storage containers.

Construction waste would be used for land filling to the maximum extent

possible.


Meatalic construction waste would be sold to the authorised scrape dealers

for recycling.

5.2.4 Noise

Construction activities will be restricted to daytime as far as possible to avoid

any disturbance to surrounding areas.

The construction machinery will be properly maintained to reduce the

nuisance of noise pollution.

Effective and appropriate noise abatement equipments shall be fitted to the

exhausts of construction equipments and vehicles.

Properly qualified and experienced personnel shall be employed to carry out

preventive and regular maintenance and repair of construction, equipment

and vehicles.

Workers in high noise surroundings will be provided with ear-muffs and

other protective instruments

5.2.4 Health The proponent /contractors will take necessary measures to provide healthy

environment and safeguard occupational health and hygiene.

Good house keeping

All the employees will be trained in the health, safety, and environmental

aspects related to their job.

Well maintained first aid box will be provided at all strategic locations

Safety appliances will be provided to the required workers.

5.3 Operation phase

EMP for predicted impacts on Air Environment, Water environment and Land

Environment due to the operation phase is summarized as follows.

5.3.1 Air Environment The proposed plant is a fabrication yard it does not involve any process activity and

no stack emission are expected. Only noticeable air pollution sources are from

activities like blasting and painting apart from negligible emissions from vehicular

movement and fossile fuel burning. Thus, following measures are suggested for all


these activities and byadopting the following management plan, the impact on air

quality can be minimized.

Cutting of steel plates

Cutting of steel plates as per the requirement of the unit to be fabricated is the very

first step in the whole operation. The probable impacts of this activity are metal fines,

high heat and flammable gases like Acetylene, thus the following measures needs to

be taken:

No leakages from the gas cylinders is to be allowed to avoid VOC pollution

and any fire risk and pose a risk to personnel as well as property.

The surface preparation activity – Blasting

Blasting will only be carried out in enclosed area, i.e., blast room, which will have a

blast cabinet: the containment structure, the abrasive blasting system and the dust

collector. It will have provisions for recycling ranging from manual sweeping and

shoveling the abrasive back into the blast pot to full reclaim floors that convey the

abrasive pneumatically or mechanically to a device that cleans the abrasive prior to

recycling. Apart from the above mentioned precautions, the following conditions will

also be adhered to:

No sand or copper slag blasting will take place.

Options of using non hazardous blasting material (steel shot and grit, cast

iron, aluminum oxide [aka corundum], garnet, plastic abrasive and glass

bead), will be explored.

Operators must wear continuous flow airline respirators.

For abrasive material management operations, control measures often consist

of some type of barrier or containment that prevents dust emission and/or

spillage from escaping the work area, where it may be exposed to rainfall.

Shrink wrap, and some other types of flexible structure containment

materials, can be used to build structures that can provide 100 percent

containment of the work area.

Abrasive and spent material should be stored, handled and managed in a

manner that prevents or minimizes it from blowing offsite or otherwise

creating a nuisance.


Blasters should receive training in, how material dispensing, recovery,

conveyance and transport can result in dust emissions and spillage, and also

to recognize potential pollutant problems, and how to take necessary

corrective actions to reduce the potential for pollutant loading.

Painting Activity

Most shipyards rely primarily on spraying methods for coating application. Any

activity involving paints, i.e., storage, mixing, coating and spraying may lead to

impacts on human health and environment. Thus, care would be taken to avoid

exposures to workers and spillage or leaks to the environment.

Store waste paint and other realted solvents in covered containers to prevent

evaporation to the atmosphere

Use airless or high volume low pressure (HVLP) spray guns to reduce

overspray. Use high transfer efficiency coating techniques such as brushing

and rolling to reduce overspray shall be also explored.

Proper ventilation facility and VOCs control provistion will be made to avoid

any fire or explosion risk. Adequately fabricated spray booths is another

option which may be explored.

Smoking and and other such activity will be prohibited.

Establish and adhere to “safe” wind directions and speeds for particular

facilities.

Vehicular emission/ fuel burning activities

During the movement of trucks and cranes certain fugitive dust emission is

expected, but this can be minimized by the surfacing or asphalting the

approach road .

Water sprinklers shall be used to control the fugitive dusts.

Proper conditioning of the trucks, and cranes will make compulsory to reduce

the pollutants in exhaust emission.

Cleaner fuel will be provided to the labours to keep air pollution due to fuel

burining be restricted.

Diesel generator sets will only be used during power cuts and adequate

exhaust height will be maintained for effective dispersion of gasses. In

addition regular maintenance would taken up.


5.3.2 Water Environment As explained in the earlier chapter, probable sources of waste water are domestic

effluent from toilets, kitchen and residual water from washing and cleaning

operations. Water form washing and cleaning will have impurities like oild and

grease, paints and particles from blasting aeras. Thus, appropriate treatment is

required to be provided The stragetegies to reduce water pollution will also involve

minimizing water consumption, maximize reuse of treated waste water and rain water

collection.

Wastewater treatment scheme

The toral requirement of fresh water for the proposed project is estimated to be 177

KL per day. Out of this about 77 KL/d will be generated as wastewater and treated to

finall discharge 61KL/d. About 2/3 of the treated waste water will be reused for

gardening, horticulture and toielet flushing purposes. Thus effectively only 20KL/d is

to be discharged form the unit.

The treatment facilities provided shall comprise of following:

- Wastewater collection & conveyance system.

- Wastewater treatment & disposal arrangement.

Wastewater collection and conveyance system shall be an underground drainage

network that will be designed to collect wastewater from each and every workplace

and convey it to one point for treatment.

As described earlier, approximately 77 KLD of sewage will be treated in a state of the

art sewage treatment plant of 100 KLD capacity. Separate pipelines will be laid for

using this water. Treatment for meeting disposal standard will have following

treatment steps:

- Screening

- De-gritting

- Biological Oxidation

- Solid Liquid Separation

- Coagulation-flocculation

- Filtration

- Disinfection

Schematic flow diagram of treatment facilities is given in Figure 5.1. Treated

wastewater shall be used for landscaping and flushing. The sludge generated would be


sent for composting after drying and shall be used as green manure in

landscaping/green areas.

Minimizing Water Consumption

Water consumption will be minimized by a combination of water saving devices and

other domestic water conservation measures. Furthermore, to ensure ongoing water

conservation, an awareness programme will be introduced for the staff and other

employees/labourers. The following section discusses the specific measures, which

shall be implemented:

Figure 5.1 Sewage Treatment Plant Schematic Flow Diagram (Treatment For Disposal)

Use of water efficient plumbing fixtures (ultra flow toilets and urinals, low

flow sinks, water efficient dishwashers and washing machines). Leak

detection and repair techniques need to be installed.

Use of sweep with a broom and pan where possible, rather than hose down

for external areas.

Drip irrigation system shall be used for the lawns and other green area. Drip

irrigation can save between 15-40% of the water use, compared with other

watering techniques.

Use of treated waste water for watering the plants and toilet flushing.

Awareness campaign to disseminate knowledge on strategies and

technologies that can be used for water conservation.


Storm water management

Storm water management systems shall be executed to collect, ctransport and store

rain water and reuse it with plant.

Provide and install filter media (i.e. straw bales) and filter fences around the

storm drain inlets to restrict the entry of pollutants into the storm drain

system while allowing the storm water to enter.

The filter fence may be of woven or non-woven burlap, nylon, polyester,

polypropylene or numerous other fabrics. Support posts should be placed on

the inside of the filter material

The protected storm drain inlets should be inspected frequently to determine

the need for filter/absorbent replacement or repairs.

Post-storm inspection should also be conducted to determine if any

subsequent flooding of storm water is excessive or a threat to adjacent

properties.

All used filtering material and absorbent materials must be disposed of in

appropriately marked trash receptacles.

Whenever possible, storm water should be diverted away from materials

manufacturing, storage and other areas of potential storm water

contaminants.

Certain additional measures to be adopted that will aid to pollution prevetion during

the operational activities is given below:

Containtment and frequent cleanup of cutting, blasting and painting areas

shall be practiced to prevent blast material and paint waste from being

washed into storm sewers or the adjacent waterway. This will prevent

impurities to be washed and mixed in strom water.

The sediment traps in the storm water drainage system(s) from various units

shall be inspected on a monthly basis and cleaned as necessary to ensure the

interception and retention of solids entering the drainage system.

All blasting, painting area will be away from the water bodies.

Store unopened paints, primers, epoxies, varnishes, etc., in a enclosure or

fenced secure area with impervious floor.


Provisions for absorbent and other cleanup items readily available for

immediate cleanup of spills.

Wash water or runoff shall be channeled into STP‟ s collection tank.

Drip pans or other protective devices shall be required for all paint mixing

and unless the mixing operation is carried out in controlled areas away from

storm drains, surface waters, shorelines and piers.

Drip pans, drop cloths or tarpaulins shall be used whenever paints are mixed.

Shroud painting activities as much as possible to reduce overspray or runoff

of paint from the yard into the aquatic environment.

5.3.3 Solid Waste Management The philosophy of solid waste management at the proposed project premises will be

to encourage the four R‟s of waste i.e. waste reduction, reuse, recycling, and recovery

(materials & energy). This will result in lesser reliance on land filling.

The Environmental Management Plan for the solid waste focuses on three major

components during the life cycle of the waste management system i.e. collection and

transportation, treatment or disposal and closure and post closure care of

treatment/disposal facility. The flow diagram of waste management is shown as

Figure 5.2.

Figure 5.2 Waste Management Flow Diagram


Collection and Transportation

The spent material should be removed from the site or stored in containers or

on top of ground cover and covered with impermeable tarpaulins.

Hazardous waste must be in containers or tanks clearly labeled with the

words “Hazardous Waste”.

Items as welding rods, wood, plastic, miscellaneous trash, paper, glass,

packaging, industrial scrap, insulation and scrap metal must be routinely

removed from the general yard area.

During the collection stage, the bio-degradable and non recyclable/non

biodegradable waste will be stored and collected separately. Thereafter the

municipal authorities will handle the waste management and disposal aspects.

To minimize littering and odours, waste will be stored in well-designed

containers/bins that will be located at strategic locations to minimize

disturbance in traffic flow.

Care should be taken so that the collection vehicles are well maintained and

minimize noise and emissions. During transporting of the waste, it will be

covered to avoid littering.

Disposal

The steel scraps generated during the ship building activity should be

collected in scrap yard and dispose off periodically for recycling.

Empty cans containing, paints, lubricants and oil must be disposed of daily in

designated waste disposal bins.

All hazardous waste would be transported to ankleshwar to the waste

treatment facility

With regards to the disposal/treatment of waste, the project authorities shall

dispose /treat the waste as per the prevailing waste handling norms.

5.3.4 Noise environment The principal goal of noise control is to ensure that project noise does not exceed

acceptable parameters and that noise levels are not injurious to health and do not

create a nuisance. Effective procedures for noise control shall be developed and

implemented at the project sites, at off – site project facilities and along all off – site

access roads. The critical area where the high noise level expected is during surface

preparation operation.


Personal Protective Equipments for eardrum protection of the workers and

visitors should be provided.

5.4 EMP for greenbelt development

Greenbelts are an effective mode of control of air pollution, where green plants form a

surface capable of absorbing air pollutants and forming a sink of pollutants. Leaves

with their vast area in a tree crown, sorbs pollutants on their surface, thus effectively

reduce pollutant concentration in the ambient air. Often the adsorbed pollutants are

incorporated in the metabolic pathway and the air is purified. Plants grown to function

as pollution sink are collectively referred as greenbelts.

An important aspect of a greenbelt is that the plants are living organism with their

varied tolerance limit towards the air pollutants. A green belt is effective as a

pollutant sink only within the tolerance limit of constituent plants. Planting few,

known pollutant sensitive species along with the tolerant species within a green belt

however, do carry out an important function of indicator species

Apart from function as pollution sink, greenbelt would provide other benefit like

aesthetic improvement of the area and providing suitable habitats for birds and

animals.

5.4.1 Selection of plants for green belts The main limitation for plants to function as scavenger of pollutants are, plant‟s

interaction to air pollutants, sensitivity to pollutants, climatic conditions and soil

characteristics. While making choice of plants species for cultivation in green belts,

due consideration has to be given to the natural factor of bio- climate. Xerophytes

plants are not necessarily good for greenbelts; they with their sunken stomata can

withstand pollution by avoidance but are poor absorber of pollutants.

Character of plants mainly considered for affecting absorption of pollutant gases and

removal of dust particle are as follows.

For absorption of gases

Tolerance towards pollutants in question, at concentration, that are not too

high to be instantaneously lethal.

Longer duration of foliage

Freely exposed foliage

Adequate height of crownOpenness of foliage in canopy


Big leaves (long and broad laminar surface)

Large number of stomatal apertures

For removal of suspended particular matter

Height and spread of crown.

Leaves supported on firm petiole

Abundance of surface on bark and foliage

Roughness of bark

Abundance of axillary hairs

Hairs or scales on laminar surface

Protected Stomata

5.4.2 Plantation along road sides Automobiles are the source of pollution of gaseous and particulate pollutants.

Component of green belt on road side hence should be with both absorbers of gases as

well as of dust particles. The choice of plants for road side should include shrubs of

height 1 to 1.5 meter and trees of 3-5 meter height. Medium sized trees, alternating

with shrubs are ideal for sorption of particulates and gases.

Table 5.1 Recommended plant species for green belt development

Plant species Habit Tolerance

limit

Stomatal

index

Mode of

Regeneration

Acacia auriculiformis Tree Tolerant 10.9 Seeds

Acacia leucocephala ( Hari

baval)

Shrub T 12.01 Seeds

Ailanthus excelsa tree T 13.01 Seeds, shoot, root

cuttings

Albizia lebbeck Tree T 19.72 Seeds

Albizia procera tree T 20.21 Seeds

Alstonia scholaris ( Devil- tree) Tree T 15.23 Seeds

Azadirachta indica Tree T 29.2 Seeds

Bauhinia purpurea Tree T 23.58 Seeds

Bauhinia racemosa (Aasundro) Tree T 25.68 Seeds

Bougainvillea spectabilis Shrub T 32.53 Cutting

Cassia fistula Tree T 20.4 Seeds and suckers

Melia azadirachta Tree T Seeds /stem cutting

Nerium indicum Shrub T 15.7 Cutting

Peltophorum pterocarpum Tree T 16.68 Seeds

Polylathia longifolia Tree T 22.27 Seeds

Thespesia populnea Tree T 29.81 Seeds /stem cutting

T: Tolerant. (Sources: CPCB (March ,2000) PROBES/75/1999-2000)

Highlighted species are most suitable for this locality, considering its terrain and other

existing vegetative cover in the study area.


5.5 EMP for material storage and handling

The raw materials to be handled and stored are primarily steel, acetylene, LPG,

oxygen, paints, primers, cleaning agents, oils, blast matrial and fuel for DG sets. Once

the material is used, empty cans and waste residues are also to be handled and stored

appropriately. The following measures would be taken up to ensure proper material

storage and handling:

For flammable material like acetylene, LPG, paints and diesel oil separate

designated area will be identified. Fire safety measures would be kept handy

in these areas.

The storage compartments will be located about 30 meters away from the

activity areas where hot work like welding, gas cutting takes place.

All empty containers shall be kept in designated areas and disposed off

appropriately to designated facility at Ankleshwar.

Waste oils, paints and spilled material should be kept in non-leaking

containers on an impermeable surface and covered in a manner that will

prevent storm water from contacting the container.

Used lead batteries should be stored on an impervious surface, stored under

cover, protected from freezing and picked up by an approved recycler.

The waste products‟ should not be allowed to evaporate; poured on the

ground; disposed of in storm sewers, septic systems; or discharged to surface

waters.

Records of all the empty containers and waste to be disposed to the

designated site shall be kept.

5.6 EMP for Odour

Odour can be defined as the “perception of smell” or in scientific terms as “a sensation

resulting from the reception of stimulus by the olfactory sensory system”. Whether

pleasant or unpleasant, odour is induced by inhaling air-borne volatile organics or

inorganics. Undesirable odour contributes to air quality concerns and affect human

lifestyles. Odour is undoubtedly the most complex of all the air pollution problems.

Taking into the consideration of the current project it is assumed that odour shall be

generated from the STP. None other activities shall emit any kind of odour as

fabrication and painting activities shall be occurred in confined places. There


economical methods for management of odour such as Bio-filtration and green belt

development.

Bio-filtration

This method is becoming an acceptable and successful way of reducing odours from

biological process. Bio-filtration is a natural process that occurs in the soil that has

been adopted for commercial use. Bio-filters contain micro–organisms that break

down VOC‟s and oxidize inorganic gases and vapours into non–malodorous

compounds such as water and CO2. The bacteria grow on inert supports, allowing

intimate contact between the odorous gases and the bacteria. The process is self-

sustaining. Bio-filters can be constructed using various materials such as compost,

straw, wood chips, peat, soil, and other inexpensive biologically active materials. Two

typical arrangements of bio-filters for odour control are shown in Figure 5.3.

Figure 5.3 Schematic diagram showing Bio-Filtration method

Another type of bio-filter is the soil-bed filter. Here the odorous gas stream is allowed

to flow through a porous soil with a typical depth of 60 cm. The bacteria in the soil are

responsible for the destruction of the odorous compounds.

As mentioned before the main sources of odour in this case will generate from waste

water treatment plant/sludge bed. The air from these areas is collected through pre-

suction pipes and connected to a blower. The inlet of the pipe is covered with


anticorrosion mesh to avoid flies and solid particle entry into the pipe leading to bio

filter. A bio filter is developed using wooden chips as media. Water is sprinkled

occasionally to keep the media under wet condition.

Green Belt

Green belts are used to form a surface capable of sorbing and forming sinks for

odorous gases. Leaves with their vast area in a tree crown, sorbs pollutants on their

surface, thus effectively reduce their concentrations in the ambient air and source

emissions. While making choice of plant species for green belts, weightage has to be

given to the natural factor of bio-climate. Odour can be reduced by developing green

belt. Plants which counteract odour are

Bushes with mild but active fragrance.

Acacia farnesiana (Mexican plant): It is a type of bush with yellow coloured

fragrant flowers. It does not have rich canopy but very effective for

counteracting smell. Its limitation is seasonality and thorny nature.

Melaleuca species: It has sweet fragrance and thin canopy in India.

Junipers: They have excellent canopy and protection. Its limitation is site

specificity.

Eucalyptus: It can be used as very good belt and can also be used as per

odour source. Its limitation is site specific and the urban neighbourhood.

Hedges, Herbs (Tulsi, Turmeric etc.) can also be used for

counteracting odour.

Vetiver : This plant is a king of perfumes for inactivating other odours.

It affects the nervous system and relieves fatigue. It is used as key species in

aromatheraphy.Other than these, plants which are used to form green belt

include Bamboo, Pongamia pininata, Neem and Casuarina etc.

5.7 Health & Saftey

In the units like this, aprt form environmental pollution problems anoth factor that

needs to see in great details is health and safety of the workers. This was studied in

details and a separate report dedicated to this aspect is prepared which is annexued to

this document. Howevre, some of the highlights are provided here too:

Safety equipment for blasting operators will be:


Positive pressure blast hood or helmet - The hood or helmet includes a head

suspension system to allow the device to move with the operator's head, a

view window with replaceable lens or lens protection and an air feed hose.

Grade D air supply - The air feed hose is typically attached to a grade D

pressurized air supply. Grade D air is mandated by OSHA to protect the

worker from hazardous gases. It includes a pressure regulator, air filtration

and a carbon monoxide alarm.

Ear protection - ear muffs or ear plugs.

Body protection - Body protection varies by application but usually consists

of gloves and overalls or a leather coat and chaps. Professionals would wear a

cordura/canvas blast suit.

Blasting supervisors have the responsibility to ensure blasting operations and

abrasive materials management are conducted to reduce their environmental

impact.

Those persons responsible for maintaining equipment and machinery

required for abrasive materials management need to be properly trained in

those aspects of equipment performance that effect emissions and

productivity.

Regular health check-ups would be taken up.

Proper protection should be worn at all times, including to protect the eyes

against glare and flying sparks in welding, cutting and blasting areas.

Workers shall avoid direct contact with these solvents and ahould not be

using solvents for cleaning paint from hands or skin. In lieu, use of water-

based cleansers for personal cleanup shall be encouraged.

Implemanttaion of Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) of the chemical will

be made necessary.

Workers shall wear the appropriate personal protective equipment such as

safety glasses, a respirator (if medically qualified, properly fit-tested, and

trained), gloves or coveralls to protect themselves against its hazards.

Workers shall be encouraged to work in shifts to avoid prolonged exposures.

Additional protective measures should be taken when stripping lead

chromate- or zinc chromate-based paints during the repairing phase, as these

compounds may be hazardous.


Good house keeping practise will be implemented.

All the employees will be trained in the health, safety, and environmental

aspects related to their job.

Well maintained first aid box will be provided at all strategic locations

Safety appliances will be provided to the required workers.

Where respirator use is required, the employer must establish a respiratory

protection program. The respiratory protection program addresses procedures

for properly selecting and using respirators in the workplace

Employers must provide appropriate protective clothing and equipment (head

coverings, gloves, and foot covering)

Employers must provide adequate hygiene facilities and ensure that

employees comply with basic hygiene practices that serve to minimize

exposure

Change rooms must be provided where employees must change out of their

street clothes to use protective clothing and equipment

The change rooms must be equipped with separate storage facilities (e.g.,

lockers) for protective clothing and equipment and for street clothes, and

these facilities must prevent contamination of street clothes

The employer must ensure that eating and drinking areas and surfaces are

maintained as free as practicable from any pollution.

5.8 EMP for Energy conservation

Energy conservation will be one of the focuses during the operation stages. Energy

conservation program as shown in Figure 5.4 shall be implemented through measures

taken both on energy demand and supply. The conservation efforts would consist of

the following:

Figure 5.4 Energy conservation program


Constant monitoring of energy consumption and defining targets for energy

conservation

Purchase of energy efficient appliances

Promoting use of renewable energy, wherever possible and viable.

Adjusting the settings and illumination levels to ensure minimum energy

used for desired comfort levels

Use of compact fluorescent lamps and low voltage lighting.

Sunscreen films on windows to reduce heating inside the office/admin

buildings

Promoting awareness on energy conservation within the premises

Training staff on methods of energy conservation and to be vigilant to such

opportunities

5.9 Environmental cell

An environmental cell headed by a maintenance incharge followed by two

subordinates who shall take care of activities of waste water treatment, domestic and

hazardous waste disposal and management, green belt development etc. and the other

one exclusively on monitoring and reporting activities aalong with audits and

representation to SPCB and other regulatory authorities. Figure 5.4 shows the

Environemntal Management Cell Structure.

Figure 5.4 Environnemental Management Cell Structure

Record keeping and reporting of performance is an important management tool for

ensuring that the monitoring incharge will be responsible, who will keep the

following recors as provided in Table 5.2.


Table 5.2 Record Keeping Requirements

Parameter Particulars

Solid Waste Handling and

Disposal

Daily quantity of waste received

Daily quantity treated and recycled

Regulatory Licenses

(Environmental)

Environmental Permits / Consents from SPCB/ MOEF

Copy of Waste manifests as per requirement

Monitoring and Survey Records of all monitoring carried out as per the finalized

monitoring protocol.

Accident reporting Date and time of the accident

Sequence of events leading to accident

Name of hazardous waste involved in the accident

Chemical datasheet assessing effect of accident on health

and environment

Emergency measure taken

Step to prevent recurrence of such events

Other Log book of compliance

Employee environmental, health and safety records

Equipment inspection and calibration records, where

applicable

Vehicle maintenance and inspection records

To assess whether the implemented EMP is adequate, the project management will

conduct periodic environmental audits. These audits will be followed by Corrective

Action Plans (CAP) to correct various issues identified during the audits.

5.10 Post -project environment monitoring

Regular monitoring of environmental parameters will be made to find out any

deterioration in environment quality. Environmental monitoring is the measurement

of environmental parameters at regular intervals over an extended period of time.

Monitoring allow the assessment of environment and biological changes in an

ecosystem., with the goal of distinguishing natural fluctuations from the

environmental changes as well as identifying causes and effect relationship between

changes in environment and changes in the biological community.

The following monitoring program is proposed for the WIL facility (Table

5.3). In addition to the suggestion provided in the table solid waste disposal

management records will also be kept. Generation of solid wastes

Environmental monitoring data on regular basis.

Accident investigations.


Table 5.3 Suggested monitoring programme fro the propose project

S. No Type Locations Parameters Period and

Frequency

1. Stack emission

monitoring

Stack of any one

operating DG set.

SO2, NO2, PM10 µg/m3;

PM2.5 µg/m3 ; O3 µg/m

3;

Pb µg/m3 ; NH3 µg/m3 ;

C6H6 µg/m3 , As ng/m

3 ,

CO, BaP ng/m3 ; Ni ng/m

3

As per SPCB

Consent terms &

conditions

2. Noise Monitoring Premises SPL(sound pressure

Level)

As per SPCB

Consent terms &

conditions

3. Groundwater

(Potability

testing)

Project Site

Drinking water

parameters as per IS

10500.

Pre-monsoon and

post-monsoon.

4. Marine/Coastal

water analysis

Within core zone PH, Salinity, TSS,

Turbidity, DO, BOD

Nutrients, Heavy metals

One in every

season

5. Marine Biological

analysis

Within core zone Phyto planktons,

Zooplanktons species

and numbers

One in every

season

6. Bed sediment

analysis

Within core zone Benthos numbers, and

species

One in every

season

5.11 Employee training

Employees and contractors should be trained in Recommended Management

Practices related to their employment to prevent or minimize abrasive and

spent materials and floatable solids from reaching air and water bodies.

New employees and contractors conducting abrasive blasting should be

trained on proper abrasive blasting methods, proper handling of abrasive and

spent material, floatable solids, and in general, good housekeeping practices

for the facility.

Employees and contractors should receive refresher training at least once a

year or when significant changes are made to the Recommended

management Practices that affect their activities.

Contractors should be notified of and required to perform in accordance with

Recommended Management Practices applicable to activities related to their

contract.

Employees, contractors and customer representatives should be instructed not

to dispose of abrasive, spent and floatable materials to air and water bodies

or to drains, drainage channels, or trenches


5.12 Corporate Social Responsibility plan

Walchandnagar Industries Limited is a well established company with history of over

100 years. In its present location in Maharashtra, WIL is particularly well known for

the various schemes initiated over many years for social upliftment of the society and

improving the skill levels & quality of life of the local populace. In keeping with

those traditions, WIL has already established contacts with the adjoining villages in

the new location. All facilities and amenities provided by other nearby industries have

been reviewed. Discussions were held with the Sarpanches on various possibilities of

improving the life of the villagers and upgrading the skill levels of the younger

generation.

In consultation with them, the following areas have been identified for specific

attention as part of the corporate social responsibility scheme of WIL:

1. Providing improved health care system around the locality: This can be in the form

of arranging medical camps as per requirements, providing ambulance for nearby

villagers as required, providing mobile clinic facility etc. The local public health

centre will be augmented with necessary infrastructures in order to provide better

local healthcare.

2. Skill Upgradation: WIL will take up necessary study for skill-mapping in the

locality and extend necessary help to develop relevant skills like providing

scholarships to willing students for suitable vocational training. The adequacy of

local education system will also be reviewed and necessary helps like providing

modern amenities, tools for education like computers & AV facilities can be

sponsored. WIL will partner with Government in National Health Programmes like

Polio, TB, Malaria etc.

3. Upgradation of sanitation facilities and public utilities: Specific efforts will be

taken for improvement of sanitation facilities particularly in rainy season so as to

avoid spread of diseases like dysentery & other diseases linked with mosquito

growth.

4. Repairs of existing internal roads and construction of new roads in nearby villages.

5. Relocation of temple near plot no.42.

6. Supporting afforestation or mangrove farming schemes of the Government.


Keeping the environment and socio-economic conditions of the area in mind, the

following recommendations are made to maintain a healthy social as well as

environmental management approach for the proposed development.

• Plantation of vegetation of indigenous species should be undertaken in the project

area. It is also recommended that project authority should come forward to

contribute/support the state forest department financially for afforestation in this

part of Gujarat.

• This type of project will bring employment opportunity for the local villagers.

Priority shall be given to local villagers when it comes to employment. Besides,

a multi-specialty hospital, arrangement for drinking water facility in any of the

nearby village and establishment of a technical institution like ITI in this area

are recommended.

• Special scholarships for girl students up to 10th standard and donation of

computers to all the registered schools of Dahej area are also recommended.

Walchandnagar Industries is recommended to hire one computer teacher for

each school if needed.

• Upgradation of village and main roads should be taken up by the project

proponent. Avenue plantation should be taken up by all the industries around the

region which will not only increase the green cover as but also enhance the

aesthetic value.


6 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

6.1 Introduction

With the improved communications and better data collection more disasters become

known well in advance. Impact of disaster can be reduced through attempts at

preparedness, mitigation, and post-event rehabilitation work. Based on hazard

identification in the proposed project, an on-site emergency plan has been prepared to

minimize the damage to the yard, property, and employees in general.

6.2 Objectives

The main objective of hazard assessment is to discern the hazard-prone locations and

suggest appropriate measures.

The proposed plan attempts:

To identify location which may be the source of hazards and determine the

likely effects away from the source

To mitigate the degree of damage in and around the project premises.

To ensure that all the vessels are at safer places.

To ensure that all workers / staff of affected areas are evacuated to

appropriate assembly points

To provide adequate required medical treatment at the earliest

To ensure the prompt safe rehabilitation of the affected areas.

6.3 Type of hazards

The first step in disaster management is identifying the risks known in this region, the

historically known as well as newly emerging threats. These can basically be

classified as:

Events based in nature; earthquakes, cyclones, floods, Tsunami etc.

Events based on the accidental hazards, fire , electric shock etc.


6.4 Level of accident

If there is any disaster in any part of the yard due to any reason, the area which may

be affected can be classified in the following classes:

Level - I - Operator level

Level - II - Local / Community level

Level - III - Regional level

Since it is a small Shipyard only level - I of accidents have been considered.

6.5 Disaster management plan

The process of disaster planning can be divided into four main themes:

Mitigation Mitigatory measures for the disaster are through the planned reduction of risks to

human health and safety. This will involve modifying the causes or consequences of

the hazard, the vulnerability of the workers or the distribution of losses.

Preparedness It includes the preparation of a plan and the establishment of the warning systems,

training program and public information services. By the development of a plan and

reciprocal agreements with other jurisdictions it is possible to reduce loss of the life

and damage to structures by prompt intervention on time.

Response Evacuation, the distribution of primary necessities, and the mobilization of emergency

services come under this category. It also involves the provision of emergency relief

and assistance when it is needed and the maintenance of public order and safety.

Recovery The provision of a support plan during the aftermath of a disaster, so that community

functions can quickly be made to work again. Such activities will be divided into

those connected with short-term restoration and those that facilitate long-term

reconstruction.


6.6 Cyclone

Major cyclones have reported for centuries as causing loss of human life and livestock

and devastating crops, property and surge flood. The area of extreme winds during

cyclone usually extends to not more than 50 to 100 km from the centre.

Meteorological processes occur on a variety of scales in a cyclone, ranging from

intense convection in the extreme conditions of the atmospheric features.

Most of the casualties during the cyclones in the coastal infrastructure are caused by

the associated storm surge, not by the high winds.

Cyclone prediction is a well-developed system based process. An advance warning

with the help of technology and communication systems will help timely evacuation.

Shelters can be developed at safer locations for short-term assembling.

The structures will be built to resist a large wind hazard. This task will examine:

probabilistic assessment of wind data taking meteorological and

topographical parameters into consideration

a probabilistic evaluation of the benefits of design changes on structural

safety against wind loads.

all specifications for a IS : 875 code will be taken into consideration during

designing and construction.

6.7 Seismic events

The area falls in the seismic zone-III (moderate earthquake zone category). Proper

consideration will be taken during the construction of the infrastructure to mitigate the

earthquake hazard. Major considerations as listed below are:

Correct siting of the structure

Design against earth quake effects. The construction will be robust and

durable as per the applicable codes.

Following IS codes will be followed for civil engineering structures:

IS : 456 : All RCC structures

IS : 875 : Design loads for building and structures including wind loads

IS : 1893 : For earthquake

IS : 806 : Code of practice for use of steel tubes in generalbuilding

Construction

IS : 800 : Code of practices of general construction in steel.


Regular inspection and maintenance of all the structures will be carried out as per the

specified requirement.

6.8 Information

The first requirement of emergency management is information, which will be the one

commodity that every participant in the emergency needs. But the flow of news and

data may be disrupted or interrupted immediately after a disaster. Hence, it will be

necessary to coordinate and collect information, disseminate it to the organizations,

which need it, and ensure that it is not misinterpreted.

Information collection will consider several forms in a known hazard area before

disaster strikes. Information collection will, of course, not cease when disaster strikes,

the character of the information required will change, as will the means of collecting

it. The objective will to develop an over all system of accounting for damage and the

assessment of preliminary needs and to define the relationship between these and

what will be required in order to facilitate long-term development. For example, after

and earthquake damage to buildings, workshop facilities etc. will be surveyed in order

to make immediate arrangements and to draw up long-term plans for reconstructing

the damaged structures if any.

In general, post disaster information collection involves the following categories.

First, the scope of the impact will be determined in terms of deaths, injuries and

damage to housing, infrastructure, and public utilities. The size of the impact area will

be determined and so will the location and accessibility of affected places. Then

requirement will be assessed, including health care, surgery, disease surveillance,

shelter, water supply etc. Simultaneously, existing local resources will be surveyed in

order to determine the increment in supply that will be required.

Similarly, relief efforts that will already underway will be evaluated so as to estimate

the further requirements. And finally, information will be gathered that will be of use

in management of future disasters, and relevant observations will be fed back into

preparedness plans in order to improve them.

6.9 Warning and communication

Managing hazards and disasters also involves managing the process of information

dissemination. The success of risk mitigation or emergency relief will depend on the

quality of news broadcast or published.


Prediction and warning is a process involving the following:

assessment of the present strongest part

public dissemination at the weakest part

response of public as the most important part

Weather forecasting is well advanced (e.g., cyclone), but at present earthquake

prediction (i.e., location, magnitude, and time of an eminent earthquake) is still in the

research mode.

Warning systems will be designed to alert the employees and public and almost

always involve in an active role. For this local and regional administration's help will

be solicited. Once a cyclone is predicted or identified in the sea, warning will be given

to the project authority in advance of arrival of the cyclone and surges.

This warning will be transmitted to the public and emergency services. Every

precaution will be taken to avoid any false alarms. Malfunctions in the warning

process will manifest themselves as inefficiency in response, failure to inform people

at risk or inability to mitigate avoidable consequences of the impact.

Warning messages will include some assessment of how long the emergency will last,

as its duration will affect the nature of both warning and response. The messages will

include an assessment of the scope.

No disaster agent destroys everything in the region; therefore, an urgent task during

the emergency response is to determine what has been lost and what still remains as a

resource for use in either emergency response or in recovery, or in both.

The first 48 hours are critically important for saving victims trapped in the ruble of

collapsed buildings or other structures. Human beings will panic or break down in a

disaster. Disaster victim will be passive and totally dependent on the out side help.

6.10 Emergency cell

Recovery measures will encompass those actions the emergency cell will take care

after the disaster to stabilize physical and social demands and / or to restore and

improve public capabilities. Recovery will involve restoring and improving the

facilities at least up to pre-disaster level. Recovery process also provides opportunity

to improve the capabilities of the plan for coping with future hazards.

Disaster management cell headed by a senior executive will be provided. There will

be a list of emergency staff with their addresses and telephone numbers. The list will


include specialized personnel whose services may be useful in particular emergency

situations. For principle participants a parallel list of substitute personnel will be

compiled, in case the first individual to be contacted is incapacitated or unavailable.

Emergency personnel will be called up in several ways. For example, a telephone fan-

out system can be used, in which person A calls persons, B and C, B calls D and E, C

calls F and G and so on. There will be cross-checking to avoid a break in the chain

caused by the absence of any participant.

After sudden impact of disaster short term responses will last from a few hours to few

days, depending on the type and seriousness of the impact. The first task after sudden

disaster is to recognize the scope of the emergency, given the likely disruption of

populations, transportation, and information flow. Hence reconnaissance will be

undertaken immediately.

Having established exactly where the impact has occurred, the first priority will be

casualty management. Search and rescue will be vital life saving activities to which

the maximum attention, effort, and promptness will be devoted. The functionality and

capacity of hospitals and clinics will be assessed and those that have not been

rendered unusable by the disaster will be supplied with emergency first-aid

equipment. Special attention will be given to the evacuation, care, and protection of

vulnerable groups.

Life saving resources will be concentrated where they can be effectively used. If a

disaster strikes in the night and electricity supply has been disrupted, floodlights with

generator sets will be arranged. In surge flood generated from cyclone, small powered

boats will be arranged.

Hasty and indiscriminate measures will be avoided, particularly during the emergency

phase of disaster.

If a disaster occurs beyond the control of the proposed management measures help

will be solicited from the district and state administration. The management plan will

establish a linkage at district level to address inter alia the following:

Damage assessment ( physical and human ) and immediate needs

Stockpiling of appropriate temporary shelter, food, and medical supplies etc.

Maintenance of communication networks

Identification of temporary shelter or evacuation centers.


6.11 Fire safety plan

This plan is written to ensure employees and subcontractors are aware of the hazards

involved with fires, the precautions taken to control and notification when additional

assistance is required.

Host employer responsibilities

Employees will be notified about the plans contents and required to comply

with the requirements as written.

Ensure responsibilities are properly assigned to all employees working in the

facility.

Where multiple host employers exist, owners and their subcontractors, they

will be required to comply with the plans contents.

Contract Employer responsibilities

Ensure the Contractor and his work force is aware of the fire hazards

associated with the work to be performed

Make the Contractor and his work force aware of any fire hazards found at

the worksite.

Significant fire hazards area

Welding

Carbon Arcing

Torch cutting

LPG store

Fabrication and assembly bay

Control of fire hazards

All combustibles within 35 feet must be removed or a positive means of

protection from sparks, flame and heat installed.

When sparks, flame or heat may be transferred to an adjacent compartment,

the same precautions must be taken.

Hot work may not be performed in the vicinity of flammable paints or

compounds.

Torch hoses must be drop tested prior to the hose being run into any space

and commencement of hot work. Leaks must be fixed immediately and

retested.

Unattended torch lines shall not be left in a confined space.


Unattended torch lines shall not be left in an enclosed space for more than 15

minutes.

Suitable fire extinguishing equipment shall be at the work site and be in good

working order.

Torch lines must be disconnected from the manifold at the end of each shift

and the manifold/bottle caps replaced.

Disconnected torch lines shall be rolled back neatly and removed to open air.

All the areas in the shipyard premises shall be provided with fire main

system, with adequate fire hydrants, located conveniently, at all work shops,

fabrication and assembly bay.

This system shall be supplied with sea water round the clock, with high

pressure fire pumps taking suction from the sea.

The pumps shall also be supplied with power from Generator sets, to ensure

power supply in emergency.

6.12 First-aid programme

First aid is emergency care provided for injury or sudden illness before emergency

medical treatment is available. The first-aid provider in the workplace is someone

who is trained in the delivery of initial medical emergency procedures, using a limited

amount of equipment to perform a primary assessment and intervention while

awaiting arrival of emergency medical service (EMS) personnel.

A workplace first-aid program is part of a comprehensive safety and health

management system that includes the following four essential elements

Management Leadership and Employee Involvement

Worksite Analysis

Hazard Prevention and Control

Safety and Health Training

The basic elements for a first-aid program at the workplace These elements include:

Identifying and assessing the workplace risks that have potential to cause

worker injury or illness.

Designing and implementing a workplace first-aid program that aims to

minimize the outcome of accidents or exposures


Includes sufficient quantities of appropriate and readily accessible first-aid

supplies and first-aid equipment, such as bandages.

Suitable medicines etc.

Preparing to respond to a health emergency The training program should include instruction or discussion in the following:

Prevention as a strategy in reducing fatalities, illnesses and injuries;

Interacting with the local EMS system;

Maintaining a current list of emergency telephone numbers (police, fire,

ambulance, poison control) accessible by all employees

Understanding the legal aspects of providing first-aid care, including Good

Samaritan legislation, consent, abandonment, negligence, , State laws and

regulations;

Understanding the effects of stress, fear of infection, panic; how they

interfere with performance; and what to do to overcome these barriers to

action

Learning about personal protective equipment -- gloves, eye protection,

masks, and respiratory barrier devices.

Appropriate management and disposal of blood-contaminated sharps and

surfaces.

Assessing the scene and the victim(s) The training program should include instruction in the following:

Assessing the scene for safety, number of injured, and nature of the event;

Assessing the toxic potential of the environment and the need for respiratory

protection;

Establishing the presence of a confined space and the need for respiratory

protection and specialized training to perform a rescue.

Prioritizing care when there are several injured

Assessing each victim for responsiveness, airway blockage, breathing,

circulation, and medical alert tags;

Performing a logical head-to-toe check for injuries

Stressing the need to continuously monitor the victim

Indications for and methods of safely moving and rescuing victims


Repositioning ill/injured victims to prevent further injury.

Responding to Life-Threatening Emergencies The training program should be designed or adapted for the specific worksite and may

include first-aid instruction in the following:

Establishing responsiveness;

Establishing and maintaining an open and clear airway;

Performing rescue breathing;

Treating airway obstruction in a conscious victim;

Recognizing the signs and symptoms of shock and providing first aid for

shock due to illness or injury;

Assessing and treating a victim who has an unexplained change in level of

consciousness or sudden illness;

Controlling bleeding with direct pressure;

Responding to Non-Life-Threatening Emergencies The training program should be designed for the specific worksite and include first-

aid instruction for the management of the following:

Wounds

Assessment and first aid for wounds including abrasions, cuts, lacerations,

punctures, avulsions, amputations and crush injuries;

Principles of wound care, including infection precautions;

Principles of body substance isolation, universal precautions and use of

personal protective equipment.

Burns

Assessing the severity of a burn;

Recognizing whether a burn is thermal, electrical, or chemical and the

appropriate first aid;

Reviewing corrosive chemicals at a specific worksite, along with appropriate

first aid.

Temperature Extremes

Exposure to heat, including heat cramps, heat exhaustion and heat stroke.


7 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

7.1 General

Based upon the Technical Feasibility Report it is learnt that the proposed project

could be located at the allotted site on the north bank of Narmada estuary. The

environment concerns were also taken into account while deciding the suitability of

the site. No habitation and significant permanent vegetation or agriculture were seen

in the identified area. For the proposed development enough land as well as water is

available. As no human settlement is also located; no R & R issues are arised.

7.2 Recommendations

Keeping the environment and socio-economic conditions of the area in mind, the

following recommendations are made to maintain a healthy social as well as

environmental management approach for the proposed development.

Plantation of vegetation of indigenous species should be undertaken in the

project area. It is also recommended that project authority should come

forward to contribute/support the state forest department financially for

afforestation in this part of Gujarat.

This type of project will bring employment opportunity for the local

villagers. Priority shall be given to local villagers when it comes to

employment. Besides, a multi-specialty hospital, arrangement for drinking

water facility in any of the nearby village and establishment of a technical

institution like ITI in this area are recommended.

Special scholarships fro girl students upto 10th standard and donation of

computers to all the registered schools of Dahej area are also recommended.

Walchandnagar Industies is recommended to hire one computer teacher for

each school if needed.

Upgradtion of village and main roads should be taken up by the project

proponent. Avenue plantation should be taken up by all the industries around

the region which will not only increase the green cover as but also enhance

the aesthetic value.

reia for manufacturing of equipment, structures and...

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