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Regents Biology 2. Why do cells make proteins? Proteins have many functions in cells To make these proteins the cells must read genes (DNA) Assemble proteins from Amino Acids to make the different types of proteins Structural proteins (muscle fibers, hair, skin, claws) Enzymes (speed up chemical reactions) Signal proteins (hormones) & receptors

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Page 1: Regents Biology 2. Why do cells make proteins? Proteins have many functions in cells To make these proteins the cells must read genes (DNA) Assemble

Regents Biology

2. Why do cells make proteins? Proteins have many functions in cells To make these proteins the cells must

read genes (DNA) Assemble proteins from Amino Acids to make

the different types of proteins Structural proteins (muscle fibers, hair, skin, claws) Enzymes (speed up chemical reactions) Signal proteins (hormones) & receptors

Page 2: Regents Biology 2. Why do cells make proteins? Proteins have many functions in cells To make these proteins the cells must read genes (DNA) Assemble

Regents Biology

Proteins do all the work!

cellsDNA proteins

one of the major job of cells is to make proteins,because…

one of the major job of cells is to make proteins,because…

proteins do all the work!proteins do all the work!

signals

structural

enzymes

receptors

Page 3: Regents Biology 2. Why do cells make proteins? Proteins have many functions in cells To make these proteins the cells must read genes (DNA) Assemble

Regents Biology

F) Nucleus Function

control center of cell protects DNA

Structure nuclear membrane nucleolus

Makes ribosomes

Page 4: Regents Biology 2. Why do cells make proteins? Proteins have many functions in cells To make these proteins the cells must read genes (DNA) Assemble

Regents Biology

cell membranecell boundarycontrols movementof materials in & out

recognizes signals

cytoplasmjelly-like material holding organelles in place

vacuole & vesiclestransport inside cellsstorage

mitochondriamake ATP energy from sugar + O2

nucleusprotects DNAcontrols cell

chromosomesDNA

lysosomefood digestiongarbage disposal &recycling

nucleolusproduces ribosomes

Page 5: Regents Biology 2. Why do cells make proteins? Proteins have many functions in cells To make these proteins the cells must read genes (DNA) Assemble

Regents Biology

Ribosomes on ER

G) Ribosomes Function

Makes protein read instructions from DNA to build proteins

Structure some free in cytoplasm some attached to ER

Page 6: Regents Biology 2. Why do cells make proteins? Proteins have many functions in cells To make these proteins the cells must read genes (DNA) Assemble

Regents Biology

cell membranecell boundarycontrols movementof materials in & out

recognizes signals

cytoplasmjelly-like material holding organelles in place

vacuole & vesiclestransport inside cellsstorage

mitochondriamake ATP energy from sugar + O2

nucleusprotects DNAcontrols cell

ribosomesbuild proteins

nucleolusproduces ribosomes

lysosomefood digestiongarbage disposal &recycling

Page 7: Regents Biology 2. Why do cells make proteins? Proteins have many functions in cells To make these proteins the cells must read genes (DNA) Assemble

Regents Biology

Function works on proteins

helps complete the proteins after ribosome builds them

makes membranes Structure

rough ER ribosomes attached works on proteins

smooth ER makes membranes

H) Endoplasmic Reticulum

Page 8: Regents Biology 2. Why do cells make proteins? Proteins have many functions in cells To make these proteins the cells must read genes (DNA) Assemble

Regents Biology

lysosomefood digestiongarbage disposal &recycling

cell membranecell boundarycontrols movementof materials in & out

recognizes signals

cytoplasmjelly-like material holding organelles in place

vacuole & vesiclestransport inside cellsstorage

mitochondriamake ATP energy from sugar + O2

nucleusprotects DNAcontrols cell

ribosomesbuilds proteins

ERworks on proteinsmakes membranes

Page 9: Regents Biology 2. Why do cells make proteins? Proteins have many functions in cells To make these proteins the cells must read genes (DNA) Assemble

Regents Biology transport vesicles

vesiclescarrying proteins

Function finishes, sorts, labels & ships proteins

like UPS headquarters shipping & receiving department

ships proteins in vesicles “UPS trucks”

Structure membrane sacs

I) Golgi Apparatus

Page 10: Regents Biology 2. Why do cells make proteins? Proteins have many functions in cells To make these proteins the cells must read genes (DNA) Assemble

Regents Biology

cell membranecell boundarycontrols movementof materials in & out

recognizes signals

cytoplasmjelly-like material holding organelles in place

vacuole & vesiclestransport inside cellsstorage

mitochondriamake ATP energy from sugar + O2

nucleusprotects DNAcontrols cell

ribosomesbuilds proteins

ERhelps finish proteinsmakes membranes

Golgi apparatusfinishes, packages

& ships proteins

lysosomefood digestiongarbage disposal &recycling

Page 11: Regents Biology 2. Why do cells make proteins? Proteins have many functions in cells To make these proteins the cells must read genes (DNA) Assemble

Regents Biology

DNA

RNA

ribosomes

endoplasmicreticulum

vesicle

Golgi apparatus

vesicle

proteinon its way!

protein finishedprotein

Making Proteins

TO:

TO:

TO:

TO:

nucleus

Page 12: Regents Biology 2. Why do cells make proteins? Proteins have many functions in cells To make these proteins the cells must read genes (DNA) Assemble

Regents Biology

central vacuolestorage: food, water or waste

mitochondriamake ATP in cellular respiration

chloroplastmake ATP & sugars in photosynthesis

cell wallsupport

cell membranecell boundarycontrols movementof materials in & out

recognizes signals

Golgi apparatusfinish & ship proteins

nucleuscontrol cellprotects DNA

endoplasmic reticulumprocesses proteinsmakes membranes

lysosomedigestion & clean up

ribosomesmake proteinscytoplasm

jelly-like material around organelles

nucleolusmake ribosomes

Page 13: Regents Biology 2. Why do cells make proteins? Proteins have many functions in cells To make these proteins the cells must read genes (DNA) Assemble

Regents Biology

3. Cells need to make more cells! Making more cells

to replace, repair & grow, the cell must… copy their DNA make extra organelles divide the new DNA & new

organelles between 2 new “daughter” cells

Page 14: Regents Biology 2. Why do cells make proteins? Proteins have many functions in cells To make these proteins the cells must read genes (DNA) Assemble

Regents Biology

J) Centrioles Function

help coordinate cell division only in animal cells

Structure one pair in each cell

Page 15: Regents Biology 2. Why do cells make proteins? Proteins have many functions in cells To make these proteins the cells must read genes (DNA) Assemble

Regents Biology

cell membranecell boundarycontrols movementof materials in & out

recognizes signals

cytoplasmjelly-like material holding organelles in place

mitochondriamake ATP energy

from sugar + O2

nucleusprotects DNAcontrols cell

ribosomesbuilds proteins

ERhelps finish proteinsmakes membranes

Golgi apparatusfinishes, packages

& ships proteins

lysosomefood digestiongarbage disposal &recycling

vacuole & vesiclestransport inside cellsstorage

centriolescell division

Page 16: Regents Biology 2. Why do cells make proteins? Proteins have many functions in cells To make these proteins the cells must read genes (DNA) Assemble

Regents Biology

Cells have 3 main jobs make energy

need food + O2

cellular respiration & photosynthesis need to remove wastes

make proteins need instructions from DNA need to chain together amino acids & “finish”

& “ship” the protein make more cells

need to copy DNA & divide it up to daughter cells

Cell Summary

Our organellesdo all those

jobs!

Page 17: Regents Biology 2. Why do cells make proteins? Proteins have many functions in cells To make these proteins the cells must read genes (DNA) Assemble

Regents Biology

Exit Slip Complete 1D (Flat) black and white cell

diagram


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