rapport de stage master 1 unceia - 2011
TRANSCRIPT
7/23/2019 Rapport de Stage Master 1 UNCEIA - 2011
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Asmoqm~`lg na o‐acc`dmd`
ajhxplgt muxât `g
oa tàxl~pua 2 "H^S*2)
ls`g
Jmç~xa na t~mfa 9 Dom`xa ULGTMX^
^q~aqx 9 Hx`f`~~a OA FQ@AGGA
QGDA@M , OGDX , MTDA
XMUULX^ NA T^M
Nq 5>
Nàumx~ajag~ X
Taxs`da
~à nat omsmfat muuo`}qàt mqr
ad~`lg aruàx`jag~moa umx
q s`xqt na om c`âsxa dm~mxxbmoa
"CDL)' 85==
N@M^A — =4/ xqa na Ilqë~ *HU31* 0>654 Jm`tlgt*Moclx~/
A 9 Jmt~ax = H`lolf`a na om xauxlnqd~`lg
Jmxt å 85 Jm` 85==
#N cax~`o`~à cajaooa *QGDA@M*
na Càdlgnm~`lg `g s`~xl
Jlbmjjan TABG@GA
Mggàa qg`saxt`~m`xa 85=5,85==
anar Cxmgda
7/23/2019 Rapport de Stage Master 1 UNCEIA - 2011
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Xajaxd`ajag~t
Ia ~`agt å xajaxd`ax àglxjàjag~ jlg jmç~xa na t~mfa/ Dom`xa ULGTMX^/ a~ jlg ~q~aqx Hx`f`~~a OA FQ@AGGA/ na
o‐QGDA@M ulqx j‐msl`x agdmnxà a~ dlgta`ooà ~lq~ mq olgf na jlg t~mfa a~ na om xànmd~`lg na da xmuulx~ na c`g
n‐mggàa'
Ia slqnxm`t mqtt` xajaxd`ax o‐agtajhoa nq fxlqua na cax~`o`~à cajaooa na o‐QGDA@M a~ umx~`dqo`âxajag~ Oma~`~`m
DOAJAG^/ }q` j‐lg~ m`nà nmgt tm xàmo`tm~`lg' Tat dlgta`ot a~ xajmx}qat xat~ag~ ~lqilqxt `julx~mg~t'
Ia xajaxd`ax fxmsajag~ jlg dlooâfqa nq hqxamq Mfm~ba NADBAXC na j‐mddljumfgax nqxmg~ ~lq~ om uàx`lna na
t~mfa'
Ia xajaxd`a @tmhaooa TULX^@AOOL/ nldqjag~mx`t~a na o‐QGDA@M ulqx j‐msl`x m`nà olxt na jat xadbaxdbat
h`ho`lfxmub`}qat'
Ia xajaxd`a o‐agtajhoa nat uaxtlggaot na OGDX , MTDAN@M^A , QGDA@M å jm`tlgt* Moclx~ a~ dbè~amqs`oom`g }q`
lg~ ~lq~ cm`~ ulqx cmd`o`~ax jlg `g~àfxm~`lg a~ msad }q` i‐m` umttà na hlgt jljag~t uagnmg~ ~lq~a om nqxàa na jlg
t~mfa'
Jlbmjjan TABG@GA
7/23/2019 Rapport de Stage Master 1 UNCEIA - 2011
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=
Tljjm`xa
XAJAXD@JAG^
O@T^A N‐MHXAS@M^@LG
=* XATQJA ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣=
8* @G^XLNQD^@LG ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣'8
4* JM^AX@AO A^ JA^BLNAT ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣1
>* XATQO^M^T ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣=8
1* N@TDQTT@LG ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣=1
3* DLGDOQT@LG ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣'=6
XACAXAGDAT
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O@T^AT N‐MHXAS@M^@LGT
C@S 9 Càdlgnm~`lg ̀ g s`~xl
CDL 9 C`âsxa dm~mxxbmoa ls`ga
H^S*2 9 tàxl~pua 2 na om C`âsxa dm~mxxbmoa ls`ga
OC 9 O`}q`na cloo`dqom`xa
Ls 9 Lsldp~a
Jd 9 j`o`aq na dlg~mj`gm~`lg
Dloo 9 j`o`aq na dlooad~a n‐lsldp~a
Jm~q 9 j`o`aq na jm~qxm~`lg msmg~ om jm~qxm~`lg "x`gæmfa)
J`s 9 j`o`aq na jm~qxm~`lg muxât 88 baqxat
^MOU 9 j`o`aq na Càdlgnm~`lg
DD 9 daooqoat na dqjqoqt
Yp 9 ypfl~a muxât om C`s
C`s 9 j`o`aq na càdlgnm~`lg muxât =2 baqxat
O =/ 8/ 4 9 Omsmfa=/ 8 / 4
AJH 9 ajhxplg omsà tmgt ~xm`~ajag~ na ^xput`ga
O2^ 9 omsmfa muxât ~xput`ga
AJH^ 9 ajhxplgt omsà muxât ~xm`~ajag~ na ~xput`ga
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MHT^XMD^ 85=='
Hoqa~lgfqa "H^) s`xqt taxl~pua 2 "H^S*2) vb`db dmqtan mg au`naj`d `g xqj`gmg~t `g dag~xmo Aqxlua mgn
Glx~b `g Mqfqt~ 8553 mgn atuad`moop `g Cxmgda `g ~ba tqjjax lc 8556 taajt ~l n`ccax cxlj l~bax taxl~puat lc
H^ hp `~t mh`o`~p ~l tuxamn ~xmgtuomdag~moop/ mgn bmt haag mttld`m~an v`~b mg `gdxamtan `gd`nagda lc mhlx~`lgt/
xaom~an qtqmoop ~l amxop ajhxplg`d nam~b/ mgn l~bax xauxlnqd~`sa uxlhoajt'
^ba lhiad~`sa lc ~b`t t~qnp vmt ~l asmoqm~a ~ba accad~`sagatt lc vmtb`gf uxl~ldlo xadljjagnan hp ~ba
@A^T/ muuo`an ~l ajhxplt uxlnqdan `g s`~xl mgn `g s`sl/ ~l dlg~xlo ~ba x`tk lc dlg~mj`gm~`lg hp H^S*2nqx`gf ajhxpl ~xmgtcax v`~b cxatb lx cxlyag/ v`naop qtan `g dbm`g cxlj dm~~oa hxaan`gf'
@g ~b`t dlg~ar~/ va qtan/ c`xt~/ hp mg muuxlmdb `g s`~xl* @g s`~xl aruax`jag~mo dlg~mj`gm~`lg lc `jjm~qxa
lldp~at xa~x`asan cxlj tomqfb~axblqta lsmx`at hp H^S*2/ clx = blqx "=5 ⁱ ^D@N15,jo) haclxa jm~qxm~`lg/
cax~`o`ym~`lg mgn dqo~qxa `g s`~xl clx 6 nmpt qg~`o homt~ldpt~ t~mfa/ mgn tadlgnop hp mg muuxlmdb `g s`sl * `g
s`~xl dlg~mj`gan v`~b ~ba tmja s`xmo dlgdag~xm~`lg clx = blqx/ ajhxplt dlooad~an 6 nmpt ult~ `gtaj`gm~`lg/
cxlj ~vl nlglx dlvt "CDL gafm~`sa) qgnaxfl`gf blxjlgmo ~xam~jag~ Tquaxlsqom~`lg hmtan CTB cloolvan hp
mx~`c`d`mo `gtaj`gm~`lg v`~b tajag cxlj m hqoo muuxlsan clx ~ba jm~`gf "CDL gafm~`sa)'
Homt~ldpt~t 6 nmpt/ `gcad~an aruax`jag~moop "uxlnqd~t @g s`~xl mgn `g s`sl) vaxa tqhiad~an ~l vmtb`gf
bamo~b xadljjagnan hp ~ba @A^T9 =5 vmtbat uaxclxjan `g fxlqut lc =5 ajhxplt qu `g =5 tqddatt`sa hm~bt lc
ubltubm~a hqccax "UHT) mddlxn`gf ~l m n`oq~`lg =9 =55 clx amdb hm~b' M uxlulx~`lg lc ajhxplt uxlnqdan `g
s`~xl qgnaxflat ~xam~jag~ v`~b ~xput`g clx 35 ~l 05 tadlgnt mc~ax ~ba 1~b hm~b cloolvan hp 1 x`gtat dlg~m`g`gf
hm~bt lc UHT mgn 8! ca~mo dmoc taxqj "CDT)' ^ba tamxdb clx s`xmo XGM vmt uaxclxjan hp X^*}UDX tuad`c`d'
@g ~b`t t~qnp/ nadxamtan xm~a lc ajhxplg`d nasaolujag~ mc~ax dlg~mj`gm~`lg lc `jjm~qxa lldp~at dlqon ha
xaom~an ~l ~ba uxatagda lc s`xqt `g moo dqo~qxa jan`m mgn dqjqoqt daoot' ^ba s`xqt bmt gl~ haag na~ad~an `g ~ba
omt~ tmg`~mxp x`gt`gf hm~b uxlsa lc ~ba accad~`sagatt lc tax`mo n`oq~`lgt' Blvasax `~ vmt tpt~ajm~`dmoop na~ad~an
lg ajhxplt mc~ax =5 tmg`~mxp vmtbat asag mc~ax ~xam~jag~ v`~b ~xput`g' ^b`t tqffat~t ~bm~ ~ba umx~`doat S`xmo
xajm`g mntlxhan lg ~ba ylgm uaooqd`nm lc ajhxplt mgn dmggl~ ha ao`j`gm~an hp `gdoqn`gf ~xput`g ~xam~jag~'
Hp9 Jlbmjjan TABG@GA' Jmxdb/ 85=='
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>
6* XATQJA 9
Oa tàxl~pua 2 "H^S*2) nq s`xqt na om c`âsxa dm~mxxbmoa ls`ga "CDL) m dmqtà qga àu`nàj`a nmgt
oat àoasmfat na xqj`gmg~t nmgt o‐Aqxlua dag~xmoa a~ nq Glxn ag mlû~ 8553 a~ tqx~lq~ ag Cxmgda å umx~`x
na o‐à~à 8556 tajhoa n`ccâxag~ nat mq~xat tàxl~puat na om CDL umx tm ultt`h`o`~à na ta uxlumfax umx
sl`a ~xmgtuomdag~m`xa/ mttld`àa å qga `gd`nagda mddxqa nat mslx~ajag~t/ o`àt fàgàxmoajag~ å qga
jlx~mo`~à ajhxplggm`xa uxàdlda/ a~ n‐mq~xat uxlhoâjat na xauxlnqd~`lg'
O‐lhiad~`c na om uxàtag~a à~qna à~m`~ n‐àsmoqax na o‐acc`dmd`~à nq uxl~ldloa na omsmfa uxàdlg`tà umx
o‐@A^T/ muuo`}qà mqr ajhxplgt uxlnq`~t `g s`~xl a~ `g s`sl/ ulqx jmç~x`tax oa x`t}qa na dlg~mj`gm~`lg
umx oa H^S*2 olxt nq ~xmgtcax~ ajhxplggm`xa å o‐à~m~ cxm`t lq dlgfaoàt/ omxfajag~ q~`o`tà nmgt om c`o`âxa
na om tàoad~`lg hls`ga'
Nmgt da dmnxa/ glqt mslgt q~`o`tà/ n‐qga umx~/ umx qga muuxldba `g s`~xl — `g s`~xl ag dlg~mj`gmg~
aruàx`jag~moajag~ nat lsldp~at `jjm~qxat xàdquàxàt å umx~`x n‐lsm`xat n‐mhm~~l`x umx oa H^S*2/
uagnmg~ = baqxa "=5ⁱ ^D@N15,jO)/ msmg~ jm~qxm~`lg/ càdlgnm~`lg uq`t dqo~qxa `g s`~xl uagnmg~ 6
ilqxt iqt}q‐mq t~mna homt~ldpt~a/ a~ n‐mq~xa umx~ umx qga muuxldba `g s`sl — `g s`~xl ag dlg~mj`gmg~
msad om jéja dlgdag~xm~`lg s`xmoa uagnmg~ = baqxa/ nat ajhxplgt dlooad~àt 6 ilqxt muxât
`gtàj`gm~`lg/ dbay naqr smdbat nlggaqtat "CDL gàfm~`c)/ mpmg~ tqh` qg ~xm`~ajag~ blxjlgmo na
Tquaxlsqom~`lg å hmta na CTB/ tq`s` n‐qga `gtàj`gm~`lg mx~`c`d`aooa umx om tajagda n‐qg ~mqxamq mfxàà
ulqx om jlg~a uqho`}qa "CDL gàfm~`c)'
Oat homt~ldpt~at na 6 ilqxt/ dlg~mj`gàt aruàx`jag~moajag~/ "uxlnq`~t `g s`~xl a~ dlooad~àt `g
s`sl) lg~ à~à tlqj`t mqr omsmfat tmg`~m`xat xadljjmgnàt umx o‐@A^T 9 =5 omsmfat xàmo`tàt umx fxlqua
na =5 ajhxplgt jmr`jqj nmgt =5 hm`gt tqddatt`ct na ~mjulg ubltubm~a "UHT) ag xatuad~mg~ qga
n`oq~`lg = 9=55 ulqx dbm}qa hm`g' Qga uxlulx~`lg nat ajhxplgt uxlnq`~t `g s`~xl tqh`~ n‐qg ~xm`~ajag~
å om ^xput`ga uagnmg~ 35 m 05 tadlgnat muxât oa 1`âja
hm`g/ tq`s` na 1 hm`gt na x`gæmfat dlg~agmg~ na
UHT a~ 8 ! na tàxqj na samq cŔ~mo "TSC)' Om xadbaxdba n‐MXG s`xmo m à~à xàmo`tàa umx X^*}UDX
tuàd`c`}qa'
Nmgt da~~a à~qna/ qga n`j`gq~`lg na ~mqr na nàsaoluuajag~ ajhxplggm`xa muxât dlg~mj`gm~`lg
nat lsldp~at `jjm~qxat }q` ulqxxm`~ é~xa o`àa å om uxàtagda na s`xqt nmgt ~lqt oat j`o`aqr na dqo~qxa a~
oat daooqoat nq dqjqoqt' Oa s`xqt g‐m umt à~à j`t ag às`nagda nmgt oat naxg`axt hm`gt nat x`gæmfat
tmg`~m`xat ~àjl`gt na o‐acc`dmd`~à nat n`oq~`lgt ag tàx`a' Umx dlg~xa `o m à~à tpt~àjm~`}qajag~ nà~ad~à
tqx oat ajhxplgt muxât oat =5 omsmfat tmg`~m`xat na jéja }q‐muxât ~xm`~ajag~ umx om ^xput̀ ga' Dad`
tqffâxa }qa oat umx~`dqoat s`xmoat xat~ag~ mntlxhàat tqx om ylga uaooqd`na nat ajhxplgt a~ ga uaqsag~
é~xa ào`j`gàat p dljux`t umx ~xm`~ajag~ å om ^xput`ga'
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2* @G^XLNQD^@LG 9
Om j`ta mq ul`g~/ å om c`g nat mggàat 65/ nat ~adbg`}qat glg db`xqxf`dmoat na dlooad~a a~ na
~xmgtcax~ nat ajhxplgt m`gt` }qa oaqx dlgfàom~`lg m fxmgnajag~ cmslx`tà oa dljjaxda n‐ajhxplgt
hls`gt å ~xmsaxt oa jlgna' Umx om tq`~a/ dax~m`gat tuàdqom~`lgt }qmg~ å om ~xmgtj`tt`lg ultt`hoa nat
jmomn`at `gcad~`aqtat umx nat ajhxplgt lg~ à~à tlqoasàat umx oat `gt~mgdat sà~àx`gm`xat/ hamqdlqu nat
~xmsmqr lg~ à~à j`t ag uomda ulqx àsmoqax oat x`t}qat na ~xmgtj`tt`lg na jmomn`at s`m oat ajhxplgt a~
ulqx m`nax å àomhlxax nat uxldànqxat na tàdqx`~à tmg`~m`xa a~ uxm~`}qat s`tmg~ å oat xànq`xa'
Umx m`ooaqxt/ om ~adbg`}qa na càdlgnm~`lg `g s`~xl "C@S) q~`o`tàa dbay oat n`ccàxag~at atuâdat
n‐mg`jmqr n‐àoasmfa m mqtt` xmu`najag~ àsloqà nauq`t om gm`ttmgda nq uxaj`ax samq uxlnq`~ umx C@S
ag =028 [=Z'
Dljumxm~`sajag~ mqr jà~blnat à~mho`at na uxlnqd~`lg umx tquaxlsqom~`lg/ om C@S uaxja~ om
uxlnqd~`lg n‐qg fxmgn gljhxa n‐ajhxplgt å nat c`gt dljjaxd`moat/ msad jl`gnxat dlû~t å umx~`x
n‐lsm`xat na smdbat mhm~~qat'
Ag =008/ nat xadljjmgnm~`lgt tmg`~m`xat ulx~mg~ tqx om dax~`c`dm~`lg nat ajhxplgt uxlnq`~t umx
C@S a~ nat~`gàt mq dljjaxda `g~axgm~`lgmo lg~ à~à uxlultàat umx om Tld`à~à `g~axgm~`lgmoa na ~xmgtcax~
ajhxplggm`xa "@A^T)' Dat naxg`âxat lg~ agtq`~a à~à mnlu~àat umx o‐Lcc`da `g~axgm~`lgmo nat àu`yll~`at
"L@A) a~ lg~ à~à milq~àat mq Dlna `g~axgm~`lgmo tqx om tmg~à nat mg`jmqr [8Z'
@o at~ xadlggq }qa oat ajhxplgt xàtqo~mg~ n‐lsldp~at càdlgnàt `g s`~xl n`ccâxag~ mq ul`g~ na sqa
jlxublolf`}qa a~ ubpt`lolf`}qa nat ajhxplgt càdlgnàt `g s`sl' Umx arajuoa/ oat ajhxplgt uxlnq`~t
umx C@S tlg~ jl`gt dljumd~t a~ uaqsag~ uxàtag~ax qg gljhxa na daooqoat jl`gnxat' @o p m nat
n`ccàxagdat mq g`samq na om t~xqd~qxa na om ylga uaooqd`na [4Z/ tlqoasmg~ o‐ar`t~agda na uxlhoâjat
tmg`~m`xat tuàd`c`}qat mqr ajhxplgt uxlnq`~t `g s`~xl dljumxm~`sajag~ mqr ajhxplgt uxlnq`~t `g
s`sl'
Oat lsldp~at uaqsag~ é~xa `gcad~àt msmg~ o‐lsqom~`lg/ umx dlg~md~ msad qg mfag~ `gcad~`aqr t‐`o at~
uxàtag~ nmgt oat daooqoat lsmx`aggat/ nmgt oa o`}q`na cloo`dqom`xa uagnmg~ om ubmta m`fqë na om jmomn`a
"s`xàj`a) lq t` o‐mfag~ um~blfâga at~ uxàtag~ nmgt om tajagda' Nmgt qga muuxldba `g s`~xl/ `o at~
ultt`hoa na xauxlnq`xa nat dlg~mj`gmg~t ar~axgat uaqsag~ é~xa `g~xlnq`~at nmgt oa tpt~âja na C@S s`m
oat j`o`aqr na dqo~qxa'
Om C`âsxa dm~mxxbmoa ls`ga "CDL lq hoqa~lgfqa ag mgfom`t) at~ qga jmomn`a s`xmoa sad~lx`aooa glg
dlg~mf`aqta/ }q` uaq~ mccad~ax qg omxfa tuad~xa na xqj`gmg~t nljat~`}qat a~ tmqsmfat [>Z' Aooa at~
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~xmgtj`ta ag~xat oat bþ~at ardoqt`sajag~ umx nat u`}ûxat n‐qg sad~aqx ~xlu`dmo Dqo`dlìnat `j`dlom/
n`u~âxat bàjm~lubmfat'
O‐mfag~ na CDL at~ qg s`xqt gq fagxa Lxh`s`xqt muumx~agmg~ na om cmj`ooa Xals`x`nma "H^S)/
dlgt~`~qà na naqr dmut`nat å tpjà~x`a `dltmànx`}qa }q` ag~lqxag~ n`r tafjag~t n‐MXG h`dm~àgm`xat
"MXGnh) dlnmg~ ulqx mq jl`gt n`r uxl~à`gat/ tau~ na dat uxl~à`gat tlg~ t~xqd~qxmoat "SU= å SU6)
clxjmg~ oat dmut`nat ar~axgat a~ `g~axgat/ a~ ~xl`t uxl~à`gat }q` tlg~ glg t~xqd~qxmoat "GT= å GT4)'
@o ar`t~a nmgt oa jlgna 8> tàxl~puat n`ccàxag~t dlggqt/ ag p `gdoqmg~ oa glqsamq s`xqt
^lffaghqxf `tloà xàdajjag~ ag tq`tta "H^S*81) [1/3Z' Om uxl~à`ga SU8 at~ oa dlgt~`~qmg~ jmiaqx na
om dmut`na ar~axga }q` nà~axj`ga qga tuàd`c`d`~à mg~`fàg`}qa na dbm}qa tàxl~pua ~mgn`t }qa om uxl~à`ga
SU6 na om dmut`na `g~axga at~ dlgtaxsàa dbay ~lq~ oat tàxl~puat na s`xqt CDL "àu`~luat mg~`fàg`}qat
dljjqgt mqr 81 tàxl~puat)' Om smx`mh`o`~à fàgà~`}qa na da s`xqt x`t}qa na dlgnq`xa å o‐àjaxfagda na
glqsaooat tlqdbat msad qga s`xqoagda jln`c`àa lq na glqsamq tàxl~pua'
Om um~blfàg`a na H^S ta cm`~ ag 1 à~muat 9
=* Om u`}ûxa umx nat dqo`dlìnat }q` cmslx`ta om jlh`o`tm~`lg nat opjubldp~at ^'
8* Xàuo`dm~`lg ux`jm`xa nmgt oat fmgfo`lgt opjubm~`}qat a~ oa s`xqt m qg ~xlu`tja ulqx oat
jlglgqdoàm`xat a~ oat opjubldp~at'
4*
Om n`ttàj`gm~`lg umx oat sm`ttamqr opjubm~`}qat'>* Uxaj`âxa s`xàj`a ~xmgt`~l`xa nmgt oat sm`ttamqr tmgfq`gt'
1* Xàuo`dm~`lg tadlgnm`xa nmgt oat fmgfo`lgt/ om xm~a/ oat daooqoat agnl~bào`qjt nat
sm`ttamqr
tmgfq`gt a~ oat jlgldp~at/ daom aruo`}qa om s`xàj`a ~xât àoasàa a~ o‐lx`f`ga na om clx~a
c`âsxa'
D‐at~ qga jmomn`a/ at~ `gtdx`~a å om o`t~a M na o‐lcc`da `g~axgm~`lgmo nat àu`yll~`at "L@A)/ å
nàdomxm~`lg lho`fm~l`xa ag xm`tlg nq cm`~ }q‐aooa `gnq`~ na olqxnat uax~at tld`l*àdlglj`}qat o`àat
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6
fàgàxmoajag~ å qg ~mqr àoasà na jlx~mo`~à a~ na jlxh`n`~à msad qg àdbad na xauxlnqd~`lg p dljux`t
oat mslx~ajag~t }q` uax~qxhag~ dlgt`nàxmhoajag~ oa dljjaxda `g~axgm~`lgmo n‐mg`jmqr a~ nat uxlnq`~t
n‐lx`f`ga mg`jmo [6Z' Ag uoqt na tmgf/ n‐mq~xa jm~àx`mqr h`lolf`}qat/ ~aot }qa om tajagda a~ oat
ajhxplgt uaqsag~ é~xa dlgt`nàxàt å x`t}qa ag da }q` dlgdaxga om n`tuaxt̀ lg nq s`xqt na CDL'
O‐muumx`~`lg hxq~moa a~ `gm~~agnqa na om tlqdba H^S*2 na om c`âsxa dm~mxxbmoa "CDL) nmgt oa
Glxn na o‐Aqxlua ag Mlû~ 8553 dljja qga jmomn`a àjaxfag~a [2Z a~ ag Cxmgda å umx~`x na Iq`ooa~
8556 m uxàtag~à qga s`xqoagda umx~`dqo`âxa dbay oat hls`gt/ msad nat xàuaxdqtt`lgt jmiaqxat tqx oat
uaxclxjmgdat na om xauxlnqd~`lg ~mg~ dbay oa jèoa }qa dbay om cajaooa' Dat xàuaxdqtt`lgt lg~ à~à
jmx}qàt umx qga nàfxmnm~`lg na ~mqr na xàqtt`~a nat `gtàj`gm~`lgt "~mqr na dlgdau~`lg) lq
moolgfajag~ na o‐`g~axsmooa séomfa — séomfa [0Z/ qga n`j`gq~`lg ulqx dmqta n‐mslx~ajag~ tq`~a å nat
jlx~mo`~à ajhxplggm`xat uxàdldat/ a~ qga `gcax~`o`~à tlqsag~ ~xmgt`~l`xa dbay oat ~mqxamqr mttld`àat å
om ubmta m`fqë na o‐`gcad~`lg o`àt å om s`xàj`a "bpuax~baxj`a }q` uaq~ m~~agnxa >8 Dµ) [=5Z'
O‐bpnxldàubmo`a/ o‐mhtagda dljuoâ~a na umxagdbpja dàxàhxmo/ at~ oa t`fga do`g`}qa oa uoqt
jmx}qà dbay oat samqr gàt lq mslx~àt n‐qga smdba `gcad~àa umx om CDL/ }q` uaq~ é~xa mttld`à å qga
`gcad~`lg `g~xm* q~àx`ga umx oa H^S*2 nmgt oat uxaj`axt 15 å 35 ilqxt na fat~m~`lg [==Z' Da~~a
~xmgtj`tt`lg ~xmgtuomdag~m`xa na s`xqt H^S*2 m à~à j`ta ag às`nagda tq`~a om s`xàj`a }q` uxàdâna
o‐`gldqom~`lg na s`xqt' Ag lq~xa/ o‐`tloajag~ nq s`xqt umx om ~adbg`}qa na X^*}UDX dbay 35 ! nat
mslx~lgt tàxlgàfm~`sa a~ UDX*ult`~`sa `ttqt nat jâxat å UDX* gàfm~`sa/ }q` ulqxxm`~ tqffàxax }q‐`o p
m qga ultt`h`o`~à n‐`jjqgl~loàxmgda mq H^S*2/ tlqo`fgmg~ om gàdatt`~à na xat~xa`gnxa oa
dljjaxda nat xàf`lgt `gcad~à jéja t` aooat tlg~ H^S*2 X^*}UDX gàfm~`sa' [=8Z'
Nq cm`~ nat umx~`dqomx`~àt nq H^S*2/ `o at~ attag~`ao na sàx`c`ax o‐àsag~qaooa tuàd`c`d`~à na
tàxl~pua umx xmuulx~ mq x`t}qa na ~xmgtj`tt̀ lg s`m oat ajhxplgt' Om jmg`uqom~`lg nat ajhxplgt
ag~xa om dlooad~a a~ oa ~xmgtcax~ nl`~ uxàsag`x om ~xmgtj`tt`lg n‐mfag~t um~blfâgat nat nlggaqtat mqr
xadasaqtat/ umx nat uxldànqxat na nàdlg~mj`gm~`lg na om ylga uaooqd`na }q` ~`aggag~ qga uomda
`julx~mg~a nmgt oat uxl~ldloat na jmg`uqom~`lgt tmg`~m`xat xadljjmgnàat umx o&@A^T " @g~axgm~`lgmo
Ajhxpl ^xmgtcax tld`a~p)'
O‐lhiad~`c na da ~xmsm`o/ m à~à n‐àsmoqax o‐acc`dmd`~à nat uxldànqxat na omsmfa xadljjmgnàat umx
o‐@A^T tqx oa tàxl~pua nq s`xqt na om hoqa~lgfqa'
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0* JM^AX@AO A^ JA^BLNAT 9
Uxlnqd~`lg nat homt~ldpt~at `g s`~xl "QGDA@M/ Jm`tlgt*Moclx~/ Umx`t) 9
• Jm~qxm~`lg nat lsldp~at `g s`~xl 9 Oat lsm`xat lg~ à~à dlooad~àt å o‐mhm~~l`x T`dmspo na
J`faggat "Mqraxxa) tlqt dlg~xþoa sà~àx`gm`xa/ a~ xmuulx~àt mq omhlxm~l`xa nmgt qg j`o`aq tmo`ga
"Aqxl*Coqtb) dlg~agmg~ nat mg~`h`l~`}qat "kmgmjpd`ga tqocm~a 15jf,o) å qga ~ajuàxm~qxa na 82 Dµ'
Oa dlg~agq nat cloo`dqoat at~ agtq`~a mtu`xà nmgt qg ~qha na 15 jo å o‐m`na n‐qga m`fq`ooa xao`àa å qg
tpt~âja tlqt nàuxatt`lg' Oat dlg~agq na dbm}qa ~qha at~ c`o~xà tqx qg ~mj`t/ oat lsldp~at tlg~ agtq`~a
`tloàt nmgt nat hl`~at na uà~x` a~ tqh`ttag~ naqr omsmfat tqddatt`ct nmgt qg j`o`aq na dlooad~a
Jan`qj =00 ~mjulggà ag bauat "F`hdl) msad Gpt~m~`ga/ fag~mjpd`ga a~ TSC "taxqj na samq
ca~mo)' Om j`ta ag dqo~qxa nat lsldp~at ta cm`~ nmgt qga uom}qa å > uq`t t~àx`oa dlg~agmg~ 155±o na
j`o`aq na jm~qxm~`lg Jan`qj =00 mnn`~`lggà na tàxqj na samq cŔ~mo "TSC)/ mg~`h`l~`}qa å hmta na
fag~mj`dpga / blxjlgat bpulubptm`xat OB , CTB/ Blxjlga t~àxlìn`ag Řt~xmn`lo =6Ü/ a~ cmd~aqx nadxl`ttmgda AFC/ `gdqhàt uagnmg~ 88 baqxat nmgt qga à~qsa å 42/1 Dµ/ tlqt 1 ! na DL8 nmgt o‐m`x'
• Càdlgnm~`lg `g s`~xl 9 oat lsldp~at jm~qxat tlg~ j`t ag dlg~md~a msad nat tuaxjm~lylìnat
"tuy) n‐qg ~mqxamq mfxàa å om jlg~a uqho`}qa CMXJMG "08*434) na xmda Dbmxlom`t/ msad qga n`oq~`lg
nmgt 155 ±o ulqx qga dlgdag~xm~`lg c`gmoa na = Ö =5 tuy,jO' Om um`ooa~~a na tuaxja at~ t~ldkàa
nmgt o‐myl~a o`}q`na å *=08 Dµ' Muxât na tm nàdlgfàom~`lg nmgt qg hm`g jmx`g na 46/1 Dµ ag 45
tadlgnat mq j`g`jqj/ om tàoad~`lg na tuaxjm~lylìnat s`smg~ umx dag~x`cqfm~`lg tqx qg fxmn`ag~ na
nagt`~à " Hls`Uqxaℨ)'
Qga dlqdba na Hls`Uqxa ℨ ^lu na cm`hoa nagt`~à at~ nàultàa tqx qga dlqdbana Hls`Uqxa ℨ Hl~~lj na clx~a nagt`~à ulqx dljultax qg fxmn`ag~ n`tdlg~`gq' Agtajhoa/
`ot dlgt~`~qag~ naqr ubmtat na nagt`~àt n`ccàxag~at ; mq dlqxt na om dag~x`cqfm~`lg/ oat tuaxjm~lylìnat
jlx~t taxlg~ mxxé~àt å o‐`g~axcmda ag~xa oat naqr j`o`aqr' Oa dqol~ xàdquàxà muxât dag~x`cqfm~`lg ga
dlg~`ag~ }qa nat tuaxjm~lylìnat glxjmqr uqx`c`àt a~ uxàtag~mg~ om ja`ooaqxa jl~`o`~à mc`g n‐lu~`j`tax
om càdlgnm~`lg'
Om càdlgnm~`lg nat lsldp~at ta cm`~ nmgt qga uom}qa å > uq`~t dlg~agmg~ na j`o`aq na càdlgnm~`lg
å hmta na ^pxlna Mohqj`ga Omd~m~a a~ upxqsm~a "^MOU) msad na hls`ga taxqj mohqj`g "HTM)/
Bàumx`ga a~ na uag`d`oomj`ga bpu~mqx`ga au`gaubx`ga "UBA 9 t~`jqomg~ om jl~`o`~à nat
tuaxjm~lylìnat)' Om dl*`gdqhm~`lg msad oat lsldp~at at~ xàmo`tàa uagnmg~ =2 baqxat nmgt qga à~qsa å
42/1 Dµ/ tlqt 1 ! na DL8 nmgt o‐m`x'
• Dqo~qxa nat ajhxplgt `g s`~xl 9 oat ypfl~at tlg~ tlqj`t å qga nàdlxlg`tm~`lg umx nat
jlqsajag~t sm a~ s`ag~ nmgt om u`ua~~a lq umx slx~ar ulqx ào`j`gax o‐ardât na tuaxjm~lylìnat a~ na
daooqoat nq dqjqoqt najaqxmg~ muxât C@S/ uq`t `gdqhàt uagnmg~ 3 ilqxt nmgt qga uom}qa å uq`~t
dlg~agmg~ 15±o na j`o`aq na dqo~qxa TLC "tpg~ba~`d ls`nqd~ coq`n) msad na HTM/ Gpt~m~`ga a~
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fag~mjpd`ga tlqt >15±o n‐bq`oa j`gàxmo "T`fjm*J>2=5) å 42/1 Dµ/ nmgt qga à~qsa tlqt 1 ! na DL8
nmgt o‐m`x'
Dlg~mj`gm~`lg aruàx`jag~moa msad oa tàxl~pua H^S*2 9
Oa s`xqt na CDL tàxl~pua H^S*2 m à~à `tloà ag 8552 å umx~`x na jm~àx`ao h`lolf`}qa "tmgft
ult`~`ct ag X^*UDX) na hls`g uxàtag~mg~ nat t`fgat do`g`}qat' Muxât `gdqhm~`lg na 8 å 6 ilqxt nat
Ŕqct `gldqoàt msad qga uxàumxm~`lg n‐bàjm~`at lh~agqat å umx~`x na tmgft uxàoasàt tqx AN^M/ oat
Ŕqct tlg~ lqsax~t a~ oat ajhxplgt n‐mtuad~ bàjlxxmf`}qat tlg~ hxlpàt nmgt qg j`o`aq msad
mg~`h`l~`}qat' Oa hxlpm~ lh~agq at~ agtq`~a `gldqoà tqx qg ~mu`t nat daooqoat xàgmoat na hàhà n‐bmjt~ax
"HBK*8=) agtajagdàat nauq`t 8> baqxat' Mq hlq~ na 6 ilqxt/ t` mqdqg acca~ dp~lum~`}qa "ADU) g‐at~
lhtaxsà/ oat hl`~at na daooqoat tlg~ dlgtaxsàat ag *25 Dµ nmgt oa dmt lq oa ~mu`t daooqom`xa xadlqsxa 85
! lq uoqt na om tqxcmda agtajagdàa lq ag *85 Dµ t` oa ~mu`t daooqom`xa at~ nà~xq`~ å uoqt na 25 !'O‐`tlom~`lg na s`xqt at~ xàmo`tàa umx xàdquàxm~`lg na tqxgmfamg~ a~ nàhx`t na daooqoat }q` lg~ à~à
mo`}ql~à/ msad qga dlgdag~xm~`lg na =5ⁱ ^D@N15,jO/ dlgfaoà å *25 Dµ a~ ~`~xà umx om jà~blna na
Xaan a~ Jqagdb'
Oa s`xqt at~ nà~agq umx o‐mfagda gm~`lgmoa na om tàdqx`~à tmg`~m`xa na o‐mo`jag~m~`lg/
o‐ags`xlggajag~/ a~ nq ~xmsm`o MGTAT "dxàà ag =ax iq`ooa~ 85=5 umx om cqt`lg na naqr mfagdat
tmg`~m`xat cxmgæm`tat 9 o&Mcttm "Mfagda cxmgæm`ta na tàdqx`~à tmg`~m`xa nat mo`jag~t) a~ o&Mctta~ "Mfagda
cxmgæm`ta na tàdqx`~à tmg`~m`xa na o&ags`xlggajag~ a~ nq ~xmsm`o) t`âfa å Jm`tlgt*Moclx~/ Umx`t'
• Muuxldba `g s`~xl — `g s`~xl9 Nmgt dbm}qa aruàx`agda/ ~xl`t ol~t n‐lsldp~at `jjm~qxat lg~ à~à
dlgt~`~qàt a~ tlqj`t mqr à~muat na uxlnqd~`lg n‐ajhxplgt `g s`~xl 9
Oa uxaj`ax ol~ na 15 lsldp~at "^àjl`g jmg`u) m tqh` oa ~xm`~ajag~ domtt`}qa na jm~qxm~`lg
Jan`qj =00 `gdqhà uagnmg~ 88 baqxat' Om càdlgnm~`lg `g s`~xl uagnmg~ =2 baqxat n‐`gdqhm~`lg/ a~ om
j`ta ag dqo~qxa nmgt qga flq~~a na 15 ±o na j`o`aq TLC tlqt bq`oa uagnmg~ 3 ilqxt/ nmgt qga à~qsa å
42'1 Dµ tlqt 1! na DL8 nmgt o‐m`x'
Oa naqr`âja ol~ na 15 lsldp~at "^àjl`g JAJ) m à~à j`t nmgt >15 ±o na j`o`aq na jm~qxm~`lg
Jan`qj =00 mq}qao tlg~ milq~àt 15 ±o na j`o`aq JAJ "j`o`aq nmgt oa}qao m à~à dqo~`sà oa s`xqt) a~ oa
~xl`t`âja ol~ dljuxagmg~ oa xat~a nat lsldp~at dlooad~àt "s`xqt + JAJ) xàumx~`t umx 15 nmgt nat uq`~t
dlg~agmg~ >15 ±o na j`o`aq na jm~qxm~`lg/ uoqt 15 ±o na tqtuagt`lg s`xmoa "H^S*2 +JAJ) msad qga
dlgdag~xm~`lg c`gmoa na =5ⁱ ^D@N15,jO' Oat ol~t ~àjl`g JAJ a~ s`xqt lg~ à~à `gdqhàt uagnmg~ =
baqxa å 42/1 Dµ nmgt qga à~qsa tlqt 1 ! na DL8 nmgt o‐m`x' Muxât = baqxa/ oat lsldp~at lg~ à~à x`gdàt
tqddatt`sajag~ nmgt 8 hm`gt na dlooad~a/ qg hm`g na j`o`aq na jm~qxm~`lg t~àx`oa/ uq`t j`t ag dqo~qxa
uagnmg~ 88 baqxat å 42/1 Dµ nmgt qga à~qsa å 1 ! DL8 nmgt o‐m`x'
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Oat lsldp~at jm~qxat na dbmdqg nat 4 ol~t lg~ tqh` tàumxàjag~ ~xl`t omsmfat nmgt nq j`o`aq na
càdlgnm~`lg ^MOU msmg~ om j`ta ag dlg~md~ msad oat tuaxjm~lylìnat n‐qg ~mqxamq mfxàà "gàfm~`c ag
CDL) uq`t `gdqhm~`lg uagnmg~ =2 baqxat' Msmg~ om dqo~qxa/ oat ypfl~at tlg~ nàdlxlg`tàt umx u`ua~mfat
xàuà~àt/ uq`t/ ~xl`t omsmfat tlg~ xàmo`tàt nmgt oa j`o`aq TLC a~ oat ajhxplgt tlg~ dqo~`sàt uagnmg~ 3
ilqxt å 42'1 Dµ nmgt qga à~qsa tlqt 1 ! na DL8 nmgt o‐m`x'
Muxât om dqo~qxa nat ~xl`t ol~t/ oat ajhxplgt tlg~ tlqj`t å om uxldànqxa na omsmfa tmg`~m`xa
xadljjmgnàa umx o‐@A^T @g~axgm~`lgmo Ajhxpl ^xmgtcax tld`a~p/ "=5 omsmfat xàmo`tàt umx fxlqua na
=5 ajhxplgt/ tmgt ~xput`ga) [=4Z'
• Muuxldba `g s`sl — `g s`~xl 9 om xàdlo~a n‐ajhxplgt `g s`sl m à~à xàmo`tàa nmgt om t~m~`lg
aruàx`jag~moa na o‐QGDA@M å Dbè~amqs`oom`g/ umx mtu`xm~`lg ~xmgtsmf`gmoa tq`~a å qg omsmfa q~àx`g å
o‐m`na n‐qg dm~bà~ax tlquoa/ t~àx`o`tà umx qga fm`ga na uxl~ad~`lg/ uaxja~ n‐mddànax å om umx~`atquàx`aqxa nat dlxgat q~àx`gat nat naqr nlggaqtat na xmda Jlg~hào`mxna' Ag mjlg~/ oat smdbat lg~
tqh` qg ~xm`~ajag~ na tquaxlsqom~`lg "ag~xa 0 å =4 ilqxt muxât oat dbmoaqxt na xàcàxagda 5I)/ dlgt~`~qà
na 2 `giad~`lgt na CTBu "ar~xm`~t bpulubptm`xat ulxd`gat ; T^@JQCLO§ Jax`mo) å =8 baqxat
n‐`g~axsmooa/ msad nat nltat nàdxl`ttmg~at "nlta ~l~moa : 155 ±f na CTBu ulqx oat smdbat/ 415 ±f
ulqx oat fàg`ttat)' Qga `giad~`lg na Uxlt~mfomgn`ga C8 moubm at~ xàmo`tàa >2 baqxat muxât oa nàhq~ na
om t~`jqom~`lg umx om CTB "1a
`giad~`lg na CTB) mc`g n‐ag~xmçgax om opta na dlxut imqga [=>Z'
Qga `gtàj`gm~`lg mx~`c`d`aooa "@M) msad qga tajagda n‐qg ~mqxamq mfxàà ulqx om jlg~a uqho`}qa
"gàfm~`c ulqx om CDL) å à~à xàmo`tàa =8 baqxat muxât om nà~ad~`lg nat dbmoaqxt' Muxât 6 ilqxt muxât
o‐@M/ >> ajhxplgt tlg~ xàdquàxàt umx c`o~xm~`lg n`xad~a nat o`}q`na na omsmfat/ nmgt qg j`o`aq na
dlooad~a Aqxl*Coqtb/ uq`t ~xmgtulx~àt oa jéja ilqx na Dbè~amqs`oom`g å Jm`tlgt*Moclx~/ å qga
~ajuàxm~qxa na > Dµ msad qga dlgdag~xm~`lg na =5ⁱ ^D@N15,jO uagnmg~ = baqxa å 42'1 Dµ nmgt qga
à~qsa tlqt 1 ! na DL8 nmgt o‐m`x'
Muxât = baqxa na dlg~md~ msad oa s`xqt/ oat ~xl`t ol~t n‐ajhxplgt tlg~ tlqj`t å om uxldànqxa na
omsmfa tmg`~m`xa xadljjmgnàa umx o‐@A^T @g~axgm~`lgmo Ajhxpl ^xmgtcax tld`a~p/ "=5 omsmfat xàmo`tàt
umx fxlqua na =5 ajhxplgt/ tmgt ~xput`ga)'
Uxldànqxa na omsmfa tmg`~m`xa xadljjmgnàa umx o‐@A^T [=4Z 9
Oat omsmfat tmg`~m`xat/ taolg @A^T/ nat ajhxplgt uxlnq`~t `g s`sl lq `g s`~xl nlg~ om ylga
uaooqd`na at~ `g~md~a/ tqcc`~ å ào`j`gax om uoqumx~ nat um~blfâgat hls`gt' ^lq~acl`t/ qg ~xm`~ajag~
tquuoàjag~m`xa ~ao }qa oa ~xm`~ajag~ na om ^xput`ga at~ umxcl`t gàdattm`xa ulqx dax~m`gt mfag~t
um~blfâgat }q` tajhoag~ t‐m~~mdbax lq mnbàxax å om ylga uaooqd`na muxât nat arult`~`lgt
aruàx`jag~moat `g s`~xl' Oat ar`fagdat xaom~`sat mq omsmfa nat ajhxplgt taolg @A^T tlg~ 9
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==
* Ga umt omsax uoqt na n`r ajhxplgt å om cl`t "dlju~ax msmg~ oa omsmfa)'
* Ga omsax }qa oat ajhxplgt nlg~ om ylga uaooqd`na at~ `g~md~a "dlgc`xjax msmg~ a~ muxât oa
omsmfa)'
* Ga omsax }qa oat ajhxplgt o`hxat na jm~àx`ao mnbàxag~ "ga~~lpmfa t` gàdattm`xa msmg~ omsmfa)'
*
Cm`xa mq jl`gt n`r omsmfat "moolqax tqcc`tmjjag~ na ~ajut ag~xa dbm}qa omsmfa ulqx }qa oa ~lq~
ta jàomgfa dljuoâ~ajag~)'
* Q~`o`tax qga glqsaooa j`dxlu`ua~~a t~àx`oa "dþga na u`ua~~a) dbm}qa cl`t }qa oat ajhxplgt tlg~
~xmgtcàxàt n‐qg hm`g å o‐mq~xa'
* Tqxsa`ooax oat sloqjat ulqx }qa dbm}qa hm`g dlxxatulgna å =55 cl`t om n`oq~`lg na hm`g
uxàdànag~'
Oa uxl~ldloa xadljjmgnà ulqx oa ~xm`~ajag~ å om ^xput`ga à~m`~ j`t ag uomda umx oa ~xmgtcax~ na
=5 ajhxplgt nmgt d`g} hm`gt tqddatt`ct na ~mjulg ubltubm~a "UHT) a~ 5'> ! n‐mohqj`ga tàx`}qa
hls`ga "HTM)' Oat ajhxplgt à~m`ag~ agtq`~a uolgfàt nmgt naqr hm`gt na ^xput`ga ulqx qga
arult`~`lg ~l~moa na 35 å 05 tadlgnat' Qga tloq~`lg ^xput`ga t~àx`oa "~xput`ga ulxd`ga [= 9815Z nlg~
o‐md~`s`~à at~ ~aooa }qa = f bpnxlopta 815 f na dmtà`ga å 81 Dµ/ å UB 6'3 ag =5 j`gq~at) nmgt qga
tloq~`lg à}q`o`hxàa na BMGK à~m`~ q~`o`tàa å qga dlgdag~xm~`lg na 5'81 !' Muxât oa ~xm`~ajag~ å om
~xput`ga/ oat ajhxplgt à~m`ag~ ~xmgtcàxàt nmgt d`g} mq~xat hm`gt dlgtàdq~`ct na ~mjulg ubltubm~a
dlg~agmg~ na 8 ! na tàxqj na samq cŔ~mo "TSC)'
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Dlooad~a a~ t~ldkmfa n‐àdbmg~`oolgt tmg`~m`xat 9
Ag ~bàlx`a/ om uxàtagda na um~blfâgat nmgt g‐`julx~a }qao dljultmg~ nq tpt~âja na uxlnqd~`lg
`g s`~xl "ar'/ o`}q`na cloo`dqom`xa/ dljuoara dqjqoqt lsldp~at/ daooqoat na fxmgqoltm/ j`o`aq na
jm~qxm~`lg lq na dqo~qxa) ulqxxm`~ ta ~xmnq`xa umx om uxlnqd~`lg n‐ajhxplgt dlg~mj`gàt [=1Z' Qga
~aooa muuxldba mttqxa qg uxlnq`~ na uxaj`âxa }qmo`~à a~ dlgt~`~qa qga sàx`c`dm~`lg xàfqo`âxa nat
uxm~`}qat a~ nat glxjat tmg`~m`xat nat ajhxplgt msmg~ oaqx ~xmgtcax~'
Qg àdbmg~`oolg n‐lsldp~at a~ o`}q`na cloo`dqom`xa lh~agq umx mtu`xm~`lg cloo`dqom`xa uxlsagmg~ nat
ol~t n‐lsm`xat xàdquàxàt å o‐mhm~~l`x m à~à q~`o`tà ulqx m~~at~ax o‐mhtagda na um~blfâgat nmgt om
uluqom~`lg n‐lsldp~at na nàumx~'
Oat àdbmg~`oolgt tq`smg~t nasxm`ag~ é~xa q~`o`tàt å nat c`gt na dlg~xþoa na }qmo`~à ulqx dbmdqg nat
ol~t na uxlnqd~`lg dlg~mj`gà a~ ~àjl`g JAJ 9* Adbmg~`oolg na j`o`aq na dlg~mj`gm~`lg'
* Adbmg~`oolg na j`o`aq na dlooad~a "8 x`gæmfat)'
* Adbmg~`oolg na j`o`aq na jm~qxm~`lg "J`n`qj=00) msmg~ "= x`gæmfa) a~ muxât 88 baqxat
n‐`gdqhm~`lg'
* Adbmg~`oolg na j`o`aq C@S "^MOU) msmg~ "8 x`gæmfat) a~ muxât =2 baqxat na càdlgnm~`lg'
* Adbmg~`oolg na daooqoat dqjqoqt a~ =5 ajhxplgt muxât om càdlgnm~`lg'
* Adbmg~`oolg na j`o`aq na dqo~qxa "TLC) msmg~ "8 x`gæmfat) a~ muxât 6 ilqxt na dqo~qxa'
* Adbmg~`oolg nat ~xl`t uxaj`axt a~ nat ~xl`t naxg`axt hm`gt na omsmfat tmg`~m`xat ag UHT+HTM "tmgt
~xm`~ajag~ umt ^xput`ga) na om tàx`a na =5 omsmfat accad~qàa tqx qga tàx`a na =5 ajhxplgt nàsaoluuàt'
* Adbmg~`oolg nat 1 ajhxplgt omsàt'
* Adbmg~`oolg nat ~xl`t naxg`axt omsmfat tmg`~m`xat UHT+TSC 8! "muxât ~xm`~ajag~ umx 5'81! na
^xput`ga) na om tàx`a na =5 omsmfat accad~qàa tqx qga tàx`a na =5 ajhxplgt nàsaoluuàt'
* Adbmg~`oolg nat 1 ajhxplgt omsàt umx UHT+TSC muxât ~xm`~ajag~ umx ^xput`ga'
Dat àdbmg~`oolgt tlg~ xadqa`oo`t oa uoqt ~þ~ ultt`hoa muxât oat jmg`uqom~`lgt nmgt nat ~qhat na ='1jo a~ dlgfaoàt nmgt *85 Dµ msmg~ n‐é~xa mgmoptàt umx X^*UDX s`tmg~ å nà~ad~ax om uxàtagda na
fàglja s`xmo/ a~ mc`g n‐àsmoqax o‐acc`dmd`~à nat omsmfat tmg`~m`xat j`t ag uomda'
Nà~ad~`lg na fàglja s`xmo 9
O‐ar~xmd~`lg na fàglja na CDL "MXG uq`t MNG) ta cm`~ umx om ~adbg`}qa na ^xmgtdx`u~`lg
`gsaxta tq`s`a n‐qga xàmd~`lg ag dbm`ga na ulopjàxmta å ~ajut xàao "X^*}UDX9 X^*UDX
}qmg~`~m~`sa)' Aooa dlgt`t~a m jatqxà/ uagnmg~ dbm}qa dpdoa n‐mjuo`c`dm~`lg/ om }qmg~`~à n‐MNG ~l~mo
lq n‐mjuo`dlg fxèda å qg jmx}qaqx coqlxatdag~' O‐lh~ag~`lg na om d`gà~`}qa dljuoâ~a na om xàmd~`lg
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na ulopjàx`tm~`lg uaxja~ n‐lh~ag`x qga }qmg~`c`dm~`lg mhtloqa na om }qmg~`~à `g`~`moa n‐MNG d`hoa'
D‐at~ qga ~adbg`}qa n‐mgmopta xmu`na a~ ar~xéjajag~ tagt`hoa/ q~`o`tàa msad tqddât ulqx nà~ad~ax om
uxàtagda na tàxl~pua H^S*2 tqx lq nmgt o‐ajhxplgt uxlnq`~t `g s`sl lq `g s`~xl/ a~ nmgt oat o`}q`nat
na omsmfa a~ na x`gæmfa'
Nmgt da dmnxa/ oa taxs`da na h`lolf`a jloàdqom`xa na OGDX q~`o`ta qg K`~ }q` nà~ad~a ~lq~ oat
fàgl~puat na om CDL/ oa K`~ ^m}Sa~§ clqxg` a~ dlgta`ooà umx oa omhlxm~l`xa taxs`da `g~axgm~`lgmo
"OT@) uaxja~ om nà~ad~`lg nat 8> tàxl~puat na om hoqa ^lgfqa xadagtà å ~xmsaxt oa jlgna a~
xàuax~lx`àt umx o‐ @gt~`~q~a clx Mg`jmo bamo~b U`xhx`fb~ '
Oat àdbmg~`oolgt ~xlqsàt ult`~`ct å o‐m`na nq K`~ ^m}Sa~§ H^S2 fàgl~puàt ulqx oa tàxl~pua 2/
nmgt da dmt/ `o at~ ultt`hoa na ~xmsm`ooax n`xad~ajag~ å umx~`x nat MXG ult`~`ct ag xadbaxdba oa H^S*2
t‐`ot lg~ à~à dlgtaxsàt å *85 Dµ nàt oaqx ar~xmd~`lg' Oa k`~ dlg~`ag~ oat àoàjag~t tq`smg~t 9
* 8 ~qhat na J`r uxé~ å o‐ajuol` Hoqa ^lgfqa * J`r H^S2* dlg~agmg~ 9
= Ta~ na Gqdoàl~`nat H^S2 9
• = Clxvmxn ux`jax'
• = Xasaxta ux`jax'
• = Tlgna H^S2 * Tlgna ^m}Jmg§ jmx}qàa CMJ*JFH "coqlxatdag~a)'
= Ta~ na Gqdoàl~`nat @UD 9
•
= Clxvmxn ux`jax'
• = Xasaxta ux`jax'
• = Tlgna @UD * Tlgna ^m}Jmg§ jmx}qàa S`d — ^MJXM "coqlxatdag~a)'
Oa J`r xàmd~`lggao na X^*UDX'
O‐agypja tuàd`c`}qa X^*UDX'
* = AUD " Ar~axgmo Ult`~`sa Dlg~xlo) H^S*2 nàiå ar~xm`~'
O‐msmg~mfa uxm~`}qa na da K`~ }q‐`o at~ uxé~ å o‐ajuol`/ `o ga gàdatt`~a nlgd mqdqga xadlgt~`~q~`lg
na J`r na xàmd~`c msad o‐milq~ na o‐ar~xm`~ n‐MXG å ~at~ax'
O‐ar~xmd~`lg a~ om uqx`c`dm~`lg na o‐MXG s`xmo 9 tlg~ xàmo`tàat ag dlolgga ag q~`o`tmg~ oa
K`~ ]@MFAG ]@Mmju s`xmo XGM j`g` K`~ "xàc 9 1805> lq 18053) ulqx 9
* o‐ar~xmd~`lg na GDT Dlg~xþoa Gàfm~`c « Tmjuoa » "ar~xm`xa =55 ± o n‐amq Xgmta Cxaa)'
* Uxàumxm~`lg nq ^mjulg XGM*MSA "4=5±o na ^mjulg MSA/ clqxg` umx oa k`~ n‐ar~xmd~`lg/
nmgt qg ~qha n‐ MXG dmxx`ax nq k`~/ Slx~arax a~ dag~x`cqfax hx`âsajag~)'
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* Uxàumxm~`lg oa ^mjulg na opta "^O) umx =/1 jo na ^mjulg MSO "S`xmo opt`t) a~ =55 ±o na
o‐àdbmg~`oolg uxàoasà uq`t dag~x`cqfm~`lg xmu`na' Lg milq~a nmgt oa ~qha qga }qmg~`~à na 135 ±o
n‐à~bmglo =55! a~ lg dag~x`cqfa ulqx lh~ag`x oa optm~ na o‐àdbmg~`oolg' Qg omsmfa j`t ag
uomda å o‐m`na na 155±o na Hqccax MV= a~ MV8 "xadlgt~`~qà) tqddatt`sajag~ mc`g n‐ào`j`gax
o‐modllo tq`s` n‐qg tàdbmfa na om jajhxmga na t`o`da umx dag~x`cqfm~`lg 4 j`g å =5555f' Om
xàdquàxm~`lg na o‐MXG ar~xm`xa taxm muxât n`t~x`hq~`lg na >5 ±o na Hqccax MSA nq K`~
]@Mmju S`xmo nmgt nat j`dxl~qhat na ='1 ±o' Qga dag~x`cqfm~`lg na 8 j`g å 3555f a~
t~ldkmfa nat j`dxl~qhat nmgt om fomda > Dµ t` o‐mjuo`c`dm~`lg at~ xàmo`tàa ~lq~ na tq`~a lq
dlgtaxsax o‐MXG å *85 Dµ'
Om nàgm~qxm~`lg a~ o‐mjuo`c`dm~`lg nat MXG s`xmqr 9 om nàgm~qxm~`lg a~ o‐mjuo`c`dm~`lg
na o‐MXG nlqhoa hx`g na s`xqt na CDL ta cm`~ nmgt qg muumxa`o na UDX ag ~ajut xàao'
@o t‐mf`~ n‐qg ~baxjldpdoaqx " Mh`*Ux`tj 6155 cmt~ ^`ja UDX—Tpt~aj)/ n‐qga bmq~a ~adbglolf`a
clqxg` umx Muuo`an Hl`tpt~ajt a~ smo`nà umx OT@ / dlquoà å qg tuad~xlcoqlx`jâ~xa "tpt~âja lu~`}qa na
nà~ad~`lg nat tlgnat }q` ga coqlxatdag~ }q&muxât oaqx c`rm~`lg å o&MNG fàgàxàa olxt nat xàmd~`lgt
na UDX ag ~ajut xàao)' Qga cl`t }qa om }qmg~`~à n&MNG uaxja~ mqr tlgnat coqlxatdag~at na nàumttax
qg taq`o molxt lg lh~`ag~ qg gqjàxl na dpdoa UDX muuaoà (D~( ulqx (Dpdoa ̂ bxatblon ( lq dpdoa taq`o'
D&at~ da~~a smoaqx }q` at~ å om hmta nat dmodqot ulqx }qmg~`c`ax o&MNG na cmælg mhtloqa lq xaom~`sa'
Om nàgm~qxm~`lg na o‐MXG at~ xàmo`tàa ag ja~~mg~ 85 ±o n‐àdbmg~`oolg "MXG s`xmo) nmgt dbm}qa
uq`~t n‐qga uom}qa å 03 uq`~t/ om uom}qa agtq`~a at~ xadlqsx`~ umx qg c`oj n‐moqj`g`qj a~ tlqt j`ta å
qga dag~x`cqfm~`lg xmu`na "ulqx agoasax dax~m`gt hqooat n‐m`x }q` uax~qxhag~ o‐mgmopta olxt na oaqx
aruolt`lg) uq`t å qg dbmqccmfa clx~a a~ xmu`na nmgt oa ~baxjldpdoaqx uagnmg~ 4 j`gq~at å 01 Dµ mc`g
na tàumxax oat nlqhoa hx`gt n‐MXG' M om c`g na da~~a à~mua/ Om uom}qa at~ dag~x`cqfàa ag }qao}qat
j`gq~at msad 8155f å > Dµ uq`t nàultàa nmgt om fomda u`oàa ulqx dlgtaxsax o‐MXG å o‐à~m~ na t`juoa
hx`g'
O‐mjuo`c`dm~`lg/ bphx`nm~`lg a~ àolgfm~`lg/ lg~ xàmo`tàat ag jéja ~ajut muxât uxlfxmjjax oa
~baxjldpdoaqx muxât om j`ta na 1 ±o na MXG nàgm~qxà nmgt dbm}qa uq`t na uom}qa å 03 uq`~t dlg~`ag~
85 ±o na J`r H^S*2 "uxé~ å o‐ajuol`)' Om uom}qa at~ dlqsx`~ umx qg c`oj dloomg~ ~xmgtumxag~ mnmu~à a~
omgdax o‐mjuo`c`dm~`lg taolg oa uxlfxmjja tq`smg~ 9
A~mua = 9 >1 Dµ uagnmg~ =5 j`gq~at dlxxatulgn å o‐à~mua na X^*UDX "uxlnq`xa MNG
dljuoàjag~m`xa å umx~`x na o‐MXG s`xmo nàgm~qxà) msad qga taqoa xàuà~`~`lg'
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A~mua 8 9 01 Dµ uagnmg~ =5 j`gq~at dlxxatulgn å qga nàgm~qxm~`lg nat nlqhoat
bào`dat na o‐MNG dljuoàjag~m`xa a~ md~`sm~`lg na om ^m} Ulopjàxmta/ msad qga taqoa
xàuà~`~`lg'
A~mua 4 9 01 Dµ uagnmg~ =1 tadlgnat "nàgm~qxm~`lg) a~ 35 Dµ uagnmg~ >1 tadlgnat
dlxxatulgn å o‐à~mua n‐bphx`nm~`lg/ c`rm~`lg nat ux`jaxt a~ o‐àolgfm~`lg msad qga
xàuà~`~`lg na >5 dpdoat' "om oad~qxa na om coqlxatdagda at~ xàmo`tàa uagnmg~ o‐à~mua
n‐àolgfm~`lg 9 35 Dµ * >1 tadlgnat)'
O‐`g~axuxà~m~`lg nat xàtqo~m~t na X^*}UDX 9
* Ulqx oat dlg~xþoat msmg~ jlqsajag~t n‐arulx~m~`lgt , `julx~m~`lgt/ ~lqt oat mg`jmqr mpmg~ qg
D~ `gcax`aqx å >5 tlg~ dlgt`nàxàt dljja ult`~`ct'
* Ulqx oa n`mfglt~`d na tqtu`d`lg do`g`}qa/ oat mg`jmqr mpmg qg D~ `gcax`aqx lq àfmo å 4> tlg~
dlgt`nàxàt dljja ult`~`ct/ ulqx oat mg`jmqr mpmg~ qg D~ tquàx`aqx å 4> a~ `gcàx`aqx å >5/
cm`hoat ult`~`ct/ « oa t~m~q~ na o‐mg`jmo ga uaq~ é~xa nàc`g` »' O‐`gcad~`lg uaq~ é~xa ~xat xàdag~a
"nàhq~ na s`xàj`a) lq mgd`agga "nà~ad~`lg nq fàglja H^S iqt}q‐å 855 ilqxt muxât `gcad~`lg)
nmgt da naxg`ax dmt/ oa s`xqt g‐at~ molxt uoqt `gcad~`aqr'
Mgmopta t~m~`t~`}qa 9
*
Oa ~mqr na càdlgnm~`lg/ tafjag~m~`lg a~ nàsaoluuajag~ ajhxplggm`xa uxlnq`~t `g s`~xl/ m à~à
dmodqoà umx xmuulx~ mqr lsldp~at `gtàj`gàt'
* Oat xàtqo~m~t ag ulqxdag~mfa "!) a~ ag àdmx~puat "½) lg à~à dmodqoà ulqx om jlpagga na
dbm}qa ol~ a~ dbm}qa t~mna na nàsaoluuajag~'
* oat acca~t na ol~ na ~xm`~ajag~ a~ na jmg`ut lg~ à~à ~at~àt umx oa Uxld FOJ tlqt olf`d`ao TMT
}q` mgmopta oat smx`mgda "MGLSM)
t` U 7 1! `o g‐m umt qga n`ccàxagda t`fg`c`dm~`sa
t` U? 1 ! `o p m qga n`ccàxagda t`fg`c`dm~`sa
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=5* XATQO^M^T 9
m) O‐`gcoqagda na H^S*2 tqx oa nàsaoluuajag~ ajhxplggm`xa 9
Uoqt na =555 lsldp~at dlooad~àt å umx~`x nat lsm`xat n‐mhm~~l`x tlg~ xàumx~`t na cmælg `gàfmoa tqx
oat ~xl`t ol~t/ ~lq~ ag hmtmg~ tqx oa ol~ s`xqt }q` glqt `g~àxatta oa uoqt ulqx accad~qax oat omsmfat
tmg`~m`xat'
Oat lsldp~at na dbm}qa ol~/ ^àjl`g omhl/ ^àjl`g JAJ a~ S`xqt JAJ/ tlg~ tlqj`t mqr à~muat na
uxlnqd~`lg nat ajhxplgt `g s`~xl "^mhoamq =)'
Glj ol~
dqo~qxa
Gljhxa
`g`~`moa Càdlgnm~`lg Tafjag~m~`lg Jlxqom Homt~ldpt~a
~àjl`g omhl =66
Gljhx
a =12 =>1 >0 >5
! a~ ½
22/0 ! ½
4/6 2=/> ! ½ 6/1
86/8 ! ½
4/=
81/5 ! ½
>/4
~àjl`g JAJ =32
Gljhx
a =41 ==> >5 82
! a~ ½ 62/4 ! ½ =>
36/5 ! ½
=4/1
84/4 ! ½
2/5
8=/1 ! ½
3/6
S`xqt JAJ 36=
Gljhx
a 16> 156 =8> 23
! a~ ½
21/1 ! ½
=/6 61/1 ! ½ 8/1
=2/6 ! ½
2/1
=3/1 ! ½
2/0
GT GT GT GT
^mhoamq = 9 ^mqr na càdlgnm~`lg/ tafjag~m~`lg a~ nàsaoluuajag~ nat ajhxplgt uxlnq`~t `g s`~xl
Ulqx oa ol~ n‐lsldp~at ~xm`~àt nmgt oat dlgn`~`lgt na xlq~`ga "^àjl`g omhl) oat ~mqr na càdlgnm~`lg
"22'0!)/ tafjag~m~`lg "2='>!)/ nàsaoluuajag~ iqt}q‐mqr t~mnat jlxqom "86!) a~ homt~ldpt~at "81!)
tlg~ dlgclxjat mqr xàtqo~m~t jlpagt lhtaxsàt tqx o‐mggàa msad da ~mqxamq'
O‐milq~ na j`o`aq JAJ nmgt oa j`o`aq na jm~qxm~`lg a~ o‐`gdqhm~`lg uagnmg~ = baqxa
tquuoàjag~m`xa msmg~ x`gæmfa "^àjl`g JAJ) `gnq`~ qga xànqd~`lg glg t`fg`c`dm~`sa nat ulqxdag~mfat
na càdlgnm~`lg/ tafjag~m~`lg a~ nàsaoluuajag~ ajhxplggm`xa lhtaxsàt'
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Na jéja/ o‐`gdqhm~`lg nat lsldp~at uagnmg~ = baqxa ag uxàtagda na s`xqt xàtqo~a nmgt qga
n`j`gq~`lg glg t`fg`c`dm~`sa nq nàsaoluuajag~ ajhxplggm`xa umx xmuulx~ mq ~àjl`g JAJ "=2'6 !
na jlxqom a~ =3'1 ! na homt~lt st 84! a~ 8='1 ! xatuad~`sajag~)'
Oat t~mnat na nàsaoluuajag~ nat ajhxplgt lhtaxsàt >2 baqxat muxât om C@S tlg~ xauxàtag~à nmgt
om "C`fqxa'=)'
C`fqxa = 9 T~mna na nàsaoluuajag~ ajhxplggm`xa å I8 na om j`ta ag dqo~qxa'
Oat ulqxdag~mfat n‐ajhxplgt mq t~mna 8 daooqoat/ >*3 daooqoat a~ 3*2 daooqoat >2 baqxat muxât om
càdlgnm~`lg ga tlg~ umt t`fg`c`dm~`sajag~ n`ccàxag~t na daqr nq ^àjl`g'
h) Asmoqm~`lg na om uxldànqxa nat omsmfat tmg`~m`xat nat ajhxplgt 9
M' Muuxldba @g s`sl 9
Oat >> ajhxplgt dlooad~àt umx omsmfa q~àx`g `g s`sl n‐qga nlggaqta "CDL gàfm~`c)/ a~ om j`ta ag
dqo~qxa nat ajhxplgt uagnmg~ qga baqxa muxât qga dlg~mj`gm~`lg aruàx`jag~moa umx oa H^S*2'
Dauagnmg~/ =5 omsmfat tmg`~m`xat tlg~ j`tat ag uomda ulqx x`gdax oat ajhxplgt umx fxlqua na =5' Oat
uxàoâsajag~t na j`o`aq na dlg~mj`gm~`lg/ oat àdbmg~`oolgt nat hm`gt na x`gæmfa "4 uxaj`axt a~ 4
naxg`axt) a~ oat ajhxplgt omsàt tlqt j`tag~ å qga mgmopta n‐X^*}UDX "C`fqxa 8)'
5/5
=5/5
85/5
45/5
>5/5
15/5
35/5
8daoo >*3 daoo 3*2 daoo
^àjl`g omhl
^ajl`g JAJ
S`xqt
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C`fqxa 8 9 Xàtqo~m~t n‐mgmopta X^*}UDX n‐àdbmg~`oolgt uxàoasàt muxât oat uxldànqxat nat omsmfat tmg`~m`xat nat
ajhxplgt uxlnq`~t `g s`sl'
Oa j`o`aq na dlg~mj`gm~`lg at~ q~`o`tà dljja ~àjl`g msad qga nà~ad~`lg ~xât àoasà na H^S*2'
O‐mgmopta umx X^*}UDX m j`t ag às`nagda om uxàtagda n‐qga }qmg~`~à àoasàa na fàglja s`xmoa nmgt
oat uxaj`axt omsmfat tmg`~m`xat' Om }qmg~`~à na fàglja s`xmoa nàdxl`~ å umx~`x nq ~xl`t`âja omsmfa a~
ulqx oat 4 naxg`axt hm`gt at~ nadm nq taq`o na nà~ad~`lg "D~ 7 4>)'
Oa fàglja s`xmo m à~à nà~ad~à nmgt o‐agtajhoa nat ajhxplgt omsàt msad qga dlg~mj`gm~`lg uoqt
lq jl`gt àoasàa "D~ jlpag : 83'1= ½ 5'61)'
H' Muuxldba `g s`~xl 9
Taqot oat àdbmg~`oolgt nq ol~ dlg~mj`gàt umx oa s`xqt H^S*2 lg~ à~à mgmoptàt umx om X^*}UDX/ oat
xàtqo~m~t na "C`fqxa'4)' Oa taq`o na nà~ad~`lg na fàglja s`xmo umx ~adbg`}qa X^*}UDX at~ na 4> D~'
Mq*naoå/ oat xàtqo~m~t lh~agqt tlg~ dlgt`nàxàt dljja gàfm~`ct'
C`fqxa 4 9 Xàtqo~m~t n‐mgmopta X^*}UDX n‐àdbmg~`oolgt uxàoasàt olxt nat à~muat na uxlnqd~`lg n‐ajhxplgt `g s`~xl a~
muxât oat uxldànqxat nat omsmfat tmg`~m`xat'
5
1
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=1
85
81
45
41
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Taq`o 9 D~ ?4>
D~
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41
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O C
L S
J D
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^ M O U =
^ M O U 8
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T L C 8
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O 8
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=0
Oa D~ jlpag lhtaxsà ulqx oa j`o`aq na dlg~mj`gm~`lg "=5ⁱ ^D@N15,jO) nat lsldp~at at~ na
~lqt oat j`o`aqr n`ccàxag~t na x`gæmfa 9
* Msmg~ jm~qxm~`lg "dloo=/ dloo8/ jm~q)'
*
Muxât jm~qxm~`lg "J`s) a~ msmg~ C@S "^MOU= a~ ^MOU8)'
* Muxât C@S "C@S) a~ msmg~ dqo~qxa "TLC=/ TLC8)
M`gt` }qa oa j`o`aq mpmg~ dlg~agq nat ajhxplgt uagnmg~ oat 3 ilqxt na dqo~qxa uxàtag~ag~ na D~
jlpag dljux`t ag~xa 8= a~ 86 }q` ~àjl`fgag~ nlgd na om uxàtagda na s`xqt nmgt ~lqt dat àdbmg~`oolgt'
Oat daooqoat na dqjqoqt uxàoasàat muxât om càdlgnm~`lg m`gt` }qa oat ypfl~at tlg~ àfmoajag~
ulx~aqx na fàglja s`xmo'
Oat 4 uxaj`axt omsmfat tmg`~m`xat nat ajhxplgt "O=/ O8/ O4) m`gt` oat 4 naxg`axt "O2/ O0/ O=5)
tlg~ gàfm~`ct ~àjl`fgmg~ na o‐acc`dmd`~à na om n`oq~`lg ag tàx`a nq s`xqt' Umx dlg~xa oa D~ jlpag na 83
lhtaxsà ulqx oat ajhxplgt omsàt at~ om uxaqsa na uxàtagda na fàglja s`xmo tqx dat ajhxplgt'
Oa ~xm`~ajag~ nat ajhxplgt umx qga tloq~`lg 5'81 ! na ^xput`ga ga uaxja~ umt n‐ào`j`gax oa s`xqt
uq`t}qa oa D~ jlpag nat ajhxplgt ~xput`gàt — omsàt at~ na 86' Dad` h`ag }qa oat naxg`axt omsmfat
muxât ~xput`ga tl`ag~ gàfm~`ct'
==* N@TDQTT@LG 9
Oat ajhxplgt tlg~ ag~lqxàt na om ylga uaooqd`na }q` ajuédba om uàgà~xm~`lg na om uoqumx~ nat
mfag~t um~blfâgat nmgt o‐ajhxplgt nàt om càdlgnm~`lg a~ nlgd tm dlg~mj`gm~`lg' ^lq~acl`t/ `o uaq~ p
msl`x dlg~mj`gm~`lg na om xadasaqta umx nat um~blolf`at mpmg~ mnbàxà å om ylga uaooqd`na na
o‐ajhxplg ~xmgtcàxà' Uoqt ~mxn/ muxât tlg àdolt`lg na om ylga uaooqd`na/ o‐ajhxplg uaq~ oq` mqtt` é~xa
dlg~mj`gà'
Uaq `julx~a oat jàdmg`tjat uxàd`t na o‐mnbàxagda nat um~blolf`at å om ylga uaooqd`na/ `o at~fàgàxmoajag~ mttay cmd`oa n‐`gmd~`sax lq na xa~`xax oat um~blfâgat dloomg~t tqx om ylga uaooqd`na/
umx~`dqo`âxajag~ dbay oat ajhxplgt hls`gt' Na uoqt/ `o m à~à nàjlg~xà }qa oat omsmfat mddljumfgà
n‐qg dlqx~ ~xm`~ajag~ å om ^xput`ga/ uxldànqxat xadljjmgnàat umx o‐@A^T ulqx oa omsmfa nat
ajhxplgt uxlnq`~t `g s`sl/ uaxja~~ag~ n‐ào`j`gax om }qmt`*~l~mo`~à nat faxjat mnbàxmg~ å om ylga
uaooqd`na a~ n‐lh~ag`x nat samqr `gnajgat å umx~`x nat ajhxplgt `ttqt na nlggaqtat a~,lq ~mqxamqr
`gcad~àt muxât qg ~xmgtcax~ ajhxplggm`xa [=3Z'
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Nmgt gl~xa à~qna/ glqt mslgt jlg~xà }qa om uxàtagda na fàglja s`xmo g‐m umt n‐acca~ t`fg`c`dm~`c
tqx oat n`ccàxag~t umxmjâ~xat à~qn`at/ càdlgnm~`lg/ tafjag~m~`lg a~ nàsaoluuajag~ ajhxplggm`xa' Oa
s`xqt g‐mccad~a umt oat uxaj`axt t~mnat nq nàsaoluuajag~ ajhxplggm`xa `g s`~xl uq`t}qa oat
d`gà~`}qat lhtaxsàat >2 b muxât om C@S ga tlg~ umt n`ccàxag~at ag~xa oat ~lqt ol~t'
Oa cm`~ n‐milq~à nq j`o`aq JAJ "j`o`aq nmgt oa}qao at~ uxàumxà oa s`xqt H^S*2) taqo g‐m mqdqga
`jumd~ tqx om uxlnqd~`lg n‐ajhxplgt `g s`~xl'
Ulqx o‐à~qna `g s`~xl — `g s`~xl/ glt xàtqo~m~t jlg~ag~ qga mhtagda na dlg~mj`gm~`lg nat ol~t
n‐lsldp~at na nàumx~ iqt~`c`mg~ }qa oat cajaooat mhm~~qat å o‐mhm~~l`x na T@DMSPO tlg~ `gnajgat na
H^S*2'
O‐arult`~`lg nat lsldp~at `jjm~qxat mq s`xqt xàtqo~a nmgt qga dlg~mj`gm~`lg nat lsldp~at/
ypfl~at a~ j`o`aqr nat x`gæmfat ag~xa oat n`ccàxag~at à~muat na om uxlnqd~`lg n‐ajhxplgt `g s`~xl
"dloo=/ dloo8 jm~q/ ^mou=/ ^mou 8/ Tlc=/ Tlc 8)' Oat daooqoat nq dqjqoqt uxàoasàat muxât om C`s m`gt`
}qa oat ypfl~at uxàtag~ag~ nq fàglja s`xmo' Dad` jlg~xa }qa oa s`xqt t‐at~ c`rà tqx oat daooqoat nq
dqjqoqt/ }q‐`o m àfmoajag~ uagnmg~ om uàx`lna na jm~qxm~`lg na 88 baqxat uq ta xàuo`}qax nmgt dat
daooqoat' Oat ypfl~at nàhmxxmttàt nat daooqoat nq dqjqoqt ags`xlggmg~at jlg~xag~ àfmoajag~ om
uxàtagda na fàglja s`xmo' Mqdqga à~qna `g s`~xl g‐m å gl~xa dlggm`ttmgda à~qn`à o‐acca~ n‐qga ~aooa
dlg~mj`gm~`lg'
Oa fàglja s`xmo m à~à j`t ag às`nagda nmgt oat ajhxplgt muxât oat =5 omsmfat tmg`~m`xat' Oa glg
uxàtagda na s`xqt nmgt oat naxg`axt j`o`aqr na omsmfa jlg~xa o‐acc`dmd`~à nat n`oq~`lgt = 9 =55'
Dauagnmg~ oa fàglja s`xmo at~ nà~ad~à nmgt oat ajhxplgt jlg~xa }qa dat omsmfat tlg~ `gtqcc`tmg~t
ulqx ào`j`gax oa s`xqt'
O‐à~qna xàdag~a jagàa umx Oaag Smgnmaoa a~ mo' "85==) tqx oat homt~ldpt~at àdlot `g s`~xl na I2 å
I0 muxât `gtàj`gm~`lg/ m àfmoajag~ jlg~xà qga `gacc`dmd`~à nat omsmfat tmg`~m`xat ulqx ào`j`gax oa
s`xqt H^S*2' Lq~xa/ nmgt oa dmt n‐ajhxplgt tlx~`t na oaqx ylga uaooqd`nat/ oa s`xqt uaq~ uàgà~xax a~ taxàuo`}qax nmgt oat daooqoat ajhxplggm`xat uxlsl}qmg~ qg mxxé~ na dxl`ttmgda a~ hm`tta na gljhxa na
daooqoat ~l~mo/ tq`~a å om jlx~ daooqom`xa umx mulu~lta [=6Z'
Oat s`xqt ga umttag~ umt om hmxx`âxa na om ylga uaooqd`na fopdluxl~a`}qa/ nmgt oat dmt nat
ajhxplgt I6 na gl~xa à~qnat/ `o t‐mf`~ uxlhmhoajag~ na s`xqt mntlxhà tqx da~~a dlqdba uxl~ad~x`da'
Oa ~xm`~ajag~ umx om ~xput`ga xadlggqa ulqx ào`j`gax om jmilx`~à nat mfag~t um~blfâgat c`ràt tqx om
ylga uaooqd`na nat ajhxplgt g‐m jlg~xà mqdqga acc`dmd`~à'
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8=
O‐`gdqhm~`lg n‐ajhxplgt dlooad~àt `g s`sl å 6 ilqxt ag uxàtagda na s`xqt m jlg~xà qga c`rm~`lg
nq s`xqt tqx om ylga uaooqd`na/ }q` g‐m uq é~xa ào`j`gà jmofxà oat omsmfat tmg`~m`xat' @o tajhoa h`ag
}qa oa s`xqt H^S*2 m qg dljulx~ajag~ n`ccàxag~ na HSNS umx arajuoa }q` uaq~ é~xa ào`j`gà umx oat
omsmfat nat ajhxplgt uxlnq`~t `g s`sl molxt }q‐`o xat~a c`rà tqx om ylga uaooqd`na nat ajhxplgt
uxlnq`~t `g s`~xl[=2*=0Z'
Dauagnmg~ om nà~ad~`lg nq fàglja s`xmo tqx nat ajhxplgt ga t`fg`c`a umt c`gmoajag~ }q‐`ot
ulqxxm`ag~ agnq`xa qga `gcad~`lg nat cajaooat xadasaqtat t‐`ot à~m`ag~ ~xmgtcàxàt' O‐à~qna na
o‐`gcad~`s`~à nat ajhxplgt dlg~mj`gàt taxm`~ om taqoa uxaqsa n‐qg x`t}qa tmg`~m`xa muxât qg ~xmgtcax~
ajhxplggm`xa'
=8* DLGDOQT@LG 9
Na gljhxaqtat jatqxat na uxàdmq~`lg taxlg~ tmgt nlq~a n`tulg`hoat dljja d‐at~ oa dmt ulqx oat
ajhxplgt uxlnq`~t `g s`sl' Na uoqt/ oat uaxdàat ~adbglolf`}qat }q` taxlg~ xàmo`tàat nmgt oa nljm`ga
na om C@S ulqxxm`ag~ dlg~x`hqax å xànq`xa oat x`t}qat na ~xmgtj`tt`lg na om c`âsxa dm~mxxbmoa'
Nmgt da~~a à~qna/ a~ tq`smg~ glt xàtqo~m~t aruàx`jag~mqr/ lg m uq dlgt~m~ax }qa oa tàxl~pua 2 na
CDL g‐m umt qga `gcoqagda t`fg`c`dm~`sa tqx oa nàsaoluuajag~ ajhxplggm`xa' M`gt` }qa oat omsmfat
tmg`~m`xat nat ajhxplgt xadljjmgnàt umx o‐@A^T g‐lg~ umt à~à acc`dmda ulqx ào`j`gax oa tàxl~pua 2
}q` najaqxa c`rà tqx om ylga uaooqd`na'
Nat glqsaooat xadbaxdbat nl`sag~ é~xa xàmo`tàat ag uaxtuad~`sa ulqx àsmoqax o‐acca~ dlg~mj`gmg~ na
s`xqt mnbàxà å om ylga uaooqd`na nat ajhxplgt omsàt/ mqfjag~ax oa ~ajut n‐arult`~`lg nat ajhxplgt
dlg~mj`gà å om ^xput`ga a~ om j`ta ag uomda nat glqsamqr uxl~ldloat tmg`~m`xat mc`g n‐muulx~ax qg
ja`ooaqx dlg~xþoa nat x`t}qat àu`nàj`lolf`}qat na H^S*2 o`àt å om uxlnqd~`lg n‐ajhxplgt `g s`~xl/ a~
na ulqsl`x nà~axj`gax oat jà~blnat oat uoqt acc`dmdat ulqx om uxlnqd~`lg umx C@S n‐ajhxplgt
araju~t na CDL umx~`dqo`âxajag~'
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88
XACAXAGDAT 9
=* Hxmdka~~ HF/ Hlqt}qa~ N/ Hl`da JO/ Nlgmv`dk VI/ Asagt IC/ Nxattao JM' Glxjmo
nasaoujag~ cloolv`gf `g s`~xl cax~`o`y`~`lg `g ~ba dlv ; H`lo Xauxln =028 ; 86 9=>6*=21'
8*
^b`h`ax J/ Om tqxsa`oomgda tmg`~m`xa nat agdbmfat n‐ajhxplgt hls`gt `ttqt na càdlgnm~`lg `g
s`~xl' Xas td` ~adb Lcc `g~ Au`y' =004 ; =8 9616*668
4* Vx`fb~ XV Ix/ Aoo`gf~lg I' Jlxublolf`dmo mgn ubpt`lolf`dmo n`ccaxagdat ha~vaag `g s`sl mgn
`g s`~xl* uxlnqadan uxaljuom~m`lg ajhxplgt cxlj o`sat~ldk tuad`at)/
>* Jmqxp M'/ Fqpl~ B'/ Na Doaxd} K'/ Dmttmx~ N'/ ^b`xp A'/ Tmafaxjmg D'/ "8552) '
Hoqa~lgfqa `g dmu~`sa pmkt' Ajaxf' @gc' N`t'/ => ">)/ 361*363'
1* Tdbvmx~y*Dlxg`o @'/ Jax~agt UUD'/ Dlg~xaxmt S'/ Bajm~` H'/ Umtdmo S'/ Hxamxn A'/
Jaoolx UT'/ JmdOmdbomg GI'/ Y`ag~xm T'/ "8552) 9 Hoqa~lgfqa s`xqt 9 s`xlolfp/ um~blfagat`t
mgn `jjqg`~p' Sa~ 9 Xat/ 40;=3'
3*
Blcjmg JM'/ Xagyqool T'/ Jmnax J'/ Dbm`fgm~ S'/ Vlxvm F'/ ^bqax H'/ "8552) 9 Faga~`d
dbmxmd~ax`ym~`lg lc ~lffaghqxf Lxh`s`xqt/ cxlj flm~t/ Tv`~yaxomgn' Ajaxf @gcad~ N`t/
=>;=211*=23='
6* Jmqxp M'/ Fqpl~ B'/ Na Doaxd} K'/ Dmttmx~ N'/ ^b`xp A'/ Tmafaxjmg D'/ "8552) '
Hoqa~lgfqa `g dmu~`sa pmkt' Ajaxf' @gc' N`t'/ => ">)/ 361*363'
2* Tmafaxjmg D'/ Haxksagt N'/ Jaooax U'T'/ "8552) Ajaxf' @gc' N`t'/ =>/ 140*1>> '
0* H' Jlqgm`r'/ N' X`hmqn'/ J' Cxmhlqoa~'/ O' Nqulg~'/ N' Dm`oomqn'/ O' Adbasmxx`m'/ S'
Nms`n'/ I' Oqdhax~' "8552) 9 oat `jumd~t ~adbg`dl*adlglj`}qat na om c`âsxa dm~mxxbmoa ls`ga
H^S*2 nmgt oat àoasmfat hls`gt cxmgæm`t ag 8556' Ilqxgàa Hls`ga gmg~m`ta/
=5*
" Ulgtmx~)'==* F'Saxdmq~axag/ D' J`xp/ C'Smgnaghqttdba/ X' Nqdm~aooa/ T'Smg nax bapnag/
A'Smgnajaqoahxlqdka/ @'Na Oaaqv/ U'Nauxay/ K'Db`axt mgn Na Doaxd} 9 8552/ Hoqa~lgfqa
s`xqt taxl~pua 2 mttld`m~an Dlgfag~`mo bpnxmgagdaubmop ̀ g dmosat/ ̂ xmgthlqgnmxp mgn
ajaxf`gf n`tamtat' 11 "8552) 804*802)
=8* K' Na Doaxd}=/ @' Na Oaaqv=/ H' Saxbapnag=/ A' Smgnajaqoahxlqdka=/ ^' Smgh`gt~=/ D'
Baxx8/A' Ja¾ xld8/ F' Hax~aot4/ G' T~aqxhmq~>/ D' J`xp1/ K' Na Hoaadkax1/ F' Jm}qa~3/ I'
Hqfb`g3/J' Tmqojlg~3/ J' Oahxqg3/ H' Tqt~xlgdk6/ X' Na Nakag2/ I' Bllphaxfbt0/ U'
Blqnmx~0/J' Xmajmakaxt0/ K' J`g~`agt8/ U' Kaxkblct=/ G' Flx`t= mgn C' Smgnaghqttdba='
^xmgtuomdag~mo @gcad~`lg mgn Muumxag~op @jjqgl~loaxmgda@gnqdan hp m V`on*~pua
Hoqa~lgfqa S`xqt Taxl~pua 2 Gm~qxmo @gcad~`lg' 8552 Homdkvaoo Saxomf • ^xmgthlqgnmxp mgn
Ajaxf`gf N`tamtat' 11 "8552) 418—410)
=4* @g~axgm~`lgmo Ajhxpl ^xmgtcax Tld`a~p 9 "8550) Jmgqao lc ~ba `g~axgm~`lgmo Ajhxplg
^xmgtcax Tld`a~p 9 m Uxldanqxmo Fq`na mgn Fagaxmo `gclxjm~`lg clx ~ba qta lc Ajhxpl
^xmgtcax ̂ adbglolfp/ Ajubmt`y`gf Tmg`~mxp Uxldanqxat/ An`~an hp 9 T~x`gfcaoolv NM/ F`sat
JN' @A^T9 Dbmjum`fg/ @O;>')'
=>* G@HMX^ 'J a~ mo'/ oat flgmnl~xlu`gat' @GXM An`~`lg an =006/ 849466*0>'
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=1* Fqax`g H/ Oa Fq`agga H/ Dbmccmqr T~/ Bmxop ^/ moo`a~~m J/ ^b`h`ax J' Dlg~mj`gm~`lg `g s`~xl
nat lsldp~at a~ nat ajhxplgt càdlgnàt `g s`~xl muxât `gcad~`lg aruàx`jag~moa nat smdbat
nlggaqtat umx oa s`xqt Baxuât* Hls`g = « HBS= »' Xad Jan Sa~ =020 ; =31 9286*244'
=3* Oa ^moomd H' a~ mo' — X`tkt lc ~xmgtj`tt`hoa n`tamtat `g xaom~`lg ~l ajhxpl ~xmgtcax' Xauxln
gq~x Nas'/ 855= 9>40*15'
=6*
Oaag Smgnmaoa / Vagnp Vattao`gfb/ Kx`t Na Doaxd}/ @ota Na Oaaqv/ Baxjmg Cmslxaao/ Mgg Smg Tllj
mgn Bmgt Gmqvpgdk 9 Sa~ax`gmxp
Xatamxdb "85==)/ >89=> nl`9=5'==23,=806*06=3*>8*=>'
=2* X`nnaoo/ K/ U/ N/ M t~x`gfcaoolv/ H'V Fxmp/ J'F' X`nnaoo/ I'D' Vx`fb~/ mgn U'K' Fmo`k'=004'
t~xqd~qxmo mgn s`xmo mttld`m~`lg dljumx`tlgt lc hls`ga ylgma uaooqd`nma cxlj cloo`dqomx
lldp~at nmp*6 ajhxplt mgn nmp*6 nafagaxm~an lsm' ̂ bax`lfaglolfp >59=82=*=80='
=0* vmonxlu/ I'F'N'M'T~x`gfcaoolv/ K'U'X`nnaoo/ U'K Fmo`k/ J'J X`nnaoo/ J'N F`sagt/ X'O/
Dmxtlg/ mgn K'S Hxldk' 855>9 N`ccaxag~ t~xm`gt lc glgdp~lum~b`d hls`ga s`xmo n`mxxbam s`xqt
HSNS smxp `g ~ba`x mcc`g`~p clx `g s`sl nax`san hls`ga ajhxplt'~bax`lfaglolfp 389>1*11'