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Abnormal Psychology Ninth Edition 9/e

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Lauren B. Alloy, Ph.D.John H. Riskind, Ph.D.Margaret B. Manos

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Chapter 12

The Nature of Substance Dependence and Abuse

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Chapter Main Points

Substance Dependence Substance Abuse Alcohol Dependence Nicotine Dependence Other Psychoactive Drugs Substance Dependence: Theory and

Therapy

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Nature of Substance Dependence and Abuse

Substance Dependence: Preoccupation with the drug Unintentional overuse Tolerance Withdrawal

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Nature of Substance Dependence and Abuse

Substance Dependence: Persistent desire or efforts to control drug use The abandonment of important social,

occupational, or recreational activities for the sake of drug use

Continued drug use despite serious drug-related problems

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Nature of Substance Dependence and Abuse

Substance Abuse: Recurrent, drug-related failure to fulfill major

role obligations Recurrent drug use in physically dangerous

situations Drug-related legal problems Continued drug use despite social or

interpersonal problems

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Alcohol Dependence

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Alcohol Dependence The Personal Cost of Alcohol Problems:

Immediate effects of alcohol Long-term effects of alcohol abuse

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Alcohol Dependence Groups at Risk for Alcohol Abuse and

Dependence: Gender Race, ethnicity, and religion Age

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Treatment of Alcohol Dependence

Medical Detoxification: Getting alcohol out of the person’s system

and seeing him or her through the withdrawal symptoms

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Treatment of Alcohol Dependence

Multimodal treatments Support groups: Alcoholics Anonymous Outpatient and brief treatments

Motivational interviewing Relapse prevention Matching

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Nicotine Dependence

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Nicotine Dependence The Antismoking Movement Legal Remedies Learning or Addiction? Treatment

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Other Psychoactive Drugs

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Other Psychoactive Drugs Depressants:

Opiates and Opioids: Induce relaxation and reverie Provide relief from anxiety and pain Opium, Morphine, Heroin, Methadone

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Other Psychoactive Drugs Depressants:

Barbiturates: Powerful sedative drugs Alleviate tension and bring about relaxation and

sleep Tranquilizers and Nonbarbiturate Sedatives:

Used in treatment of anxiety disorders and stress-related physical disorders

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Other Psychoactive Drugs Stimulants:

Amphetamines: A group of synthetic stimulants which reduce

feelings of boredom or weariness Users find themselves alert, confident, full of

energy, and generally ready to take on the world

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Cocaine

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Other Psychoactive Drugs Hallucinogens:

LSD: Interfere with the processing of information in the

nervous system, causing hallucinations PCP:

Cheap, easily available, and often mixed with other substances

Behavioral toxicity

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Other Psychoactive Drugs Marijuana and Hashish:

Similar, but milder, effects as other hallucinogens

Is Marijuana Dangerous? Marijuana as a Medical Treatment

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Substance Dependence: Theory and Therapy

The Psychodynamic Perspective: Drugs and conflict Acquiring self-care

The Behavioral Perspective: Psychological and biochemical rewards Learning not to abuse drugs

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Substance Dependence: Theory and Therapy

The Family Systems Perspective: Behavioral couple therapy Family therapy

The Cognitive Perspective: Thinking about drugs Cognitive-behavior therapy

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Substance Dependence: Theory and Therapy

The Neuroscience Perspective: Genetic studies Biochemical studies

Endorphins Dopamine

Drug treatment for drug dependence

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Substance Dependence: Theory and Therapy

The Sociocultural Perspective: Drugs and poverty Harm reduction

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Recapping the Main Points

Substance Dependence Substance Abuse Alcohol Dependence Nicotine Dependence Other Psychoactive Drugs Substance Dependence: Theory and

Therapy

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End of Chapter 12

The Nature of Substance Dependence and Abuse