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Abnormal Psychology Ninth Edition 9/e

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A PowerPoint™ Slide Presentation for

Lauren B. Alloy, Ph.D.John H. Riskind, Ph.D.Margaret B. Manos

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Chapter 7

Anxiety Disorders

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Chapter Main Points

Anxiety Disorder Syndromes Anxiety Disorders: Theory and Therapy

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Anxiety Disorders Anxiety:

Subjective reports Behavioral responses Physiological responses

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Anxiety Disorder Syndromes Panic Disorder:

Recurrent, uncued panic attacks, followed by psychological or behavioral problems

Agoraphobia Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD):

A chronic state of diffuse anxiety

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Anxiety Disorder Syndromes Phobias:

From the Greek word “Phobos” (God of Fear”) An intense and persistent fear of an object or

situation that poses no real threat An avoidance of the phobic stimulus

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Anxiety Disorder Syndromes Specific Phobias:

Acrophobia - fear of heights Claustrophobia - fear of enclosed spaces

Social Phobias: Avoidance of certain actions in front of other

people, for fear of embarrassment or humiliation

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Anxiety Disorder Syndromes Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder:

Obsession: A thought or an image that keeps intruding into a

person’s consciousness Compulsion:

An action that a person feels compelled to repeat again and again, in a stereotyped fashion, though he or she has no conscious desire to do so

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Anxiety Disorder Syndromes Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD):

A severe psychological reaction, lasting at least one month and involving intense fear, helplessness, or horror, to intensely traumatic events

Due to war, natural disaster, civilian catastrophe, or personal trauma

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Anxiety Disorder Syndromes

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Anxiety Disorders: The Psychodynamic Perspective

Neurosis: Free Association:

Patients are asked to report whatever comes to their minds

Resistance Refusal to confront the unconscious conflict

Transference: Patients reenact the love and hostility they felt

toward their parents with the therapist

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Anxiety Disorders: The Behavioral Perspective

Avoidance Learning: Stage 1:

Neutral stimulus is paired with aversive stimulus Stage 2:

Negative reinforcement

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Anxiety Disorders: The Behavioral Perspective

Unlearning Anxiety: Systematic Desensitization:

“Hierarchy of fears” Exposure Therapy:

Confrontation with the feared stimulus Flooding Technique:

Person is confronted with the feared stimulus for prolonged periods of time

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Anxiety Disorders: The Cognitive Perspective

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Anxiety Disorders: The Cognitive Perspective

Anxiety as misperception Reducing perceptions of threat

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Anxiety Disorders: The Biological Perspective

Genetic Research The Role of Neurotransmitters

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Drug Treatment

Minor Tranquilizers: Benzodiazepines:

Valium (diazepam) Xanax (alprazolam) Ativan (lorazepam) Tranxene (chlorazepate)

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Drug Treatment

Antidepressant Drugs: Mono-Amine Oxidizer (MAO) Inhibitors:

Nardil (phenelzine) Parnate (tranylcypromine)

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Drug Treatment

Antidepressant Drugs: Tricyclic Antidepressants:

Tofranil (imipramine) Elavil (amitriptyline) Sinequan (doxepin) Anafranil (clomipramine)

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Drug Treatment

Antidepressant Drugs: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

(SSRIs) Paxil (paroxetine) Zoloft (sertraline) Prozac (fluoxetine)

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Recapping the Main Points

Anxiety Disorder Syndromes Anxiety Disorders: Theory and Therapy

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End of Chapter 7

Anxiety Disorders