preface m/s . shiva corporation (i)...

FINAL REIA / EMP REPORT FOR RIVER SAND MINING PROJECT AT TEHSIL & DISTRICT: CHITTORGARH 2015

D/ Sand Project/201511 of 165 Enviro Concept Committed to Sustainable Development

PREFACE

M/s. Shiva Corporation (I) Ltd, proposes to develop a River Sand mining in Revenue

Village of Tehsil & District: Chittorgarh, Rajasthan on 450.89 Ha River bed, Nadi Nallah of Govt.

Waste land with proposed capacity of 2.26 LTPA. Letter of intent (LOI) for the same was granted

in favor of M/s. Shiva Corporat ion (I ) Ltd vide letter no. vide letter No P10 (21)

Mine/Group-2/2012 dated 28.01.2013.

The goal of the project is to provide sand for various construction as well as Infrastrurals

projects. Requisite Mining Plan and Progressive Mining Closure Plan also approved.

This Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report prepared by M/s. Enviro Concept (I) Pvt.

Ltd., Jaipur ( NABET Accredited Consultancy) as per the provisions and compliance of

Environmental Impact Assessment Notification dated 14.09.2006 and subsequent amendments,

annual, Circulars and Terms of Reference (ToR) issued vide letter No. No. J-11015/228/2013-

IA.II (M) Dated 17.10.2013 by Ministry of Environment and Forests & Climate Change Govt. of

India. We also incorporate the requisite information and action plan in compliance of public

hearing minutes.

This report was prepared based on Primary base line environmental study of 10 Km. radius of

periphery of lease area during post monsoon period (Oct-Dec. 2013) in all requisite attributes and

secondary information collected from different concern Government department and institutes for

verification and assessment of impact on environment and preparing this report.

We are committed to follow the proposed EMP in this EIA Report as an Environment Policy of the

Company.

We also hereby undertake that all the points raised in the TOR issued by MOEF are complied

with and undertake that the facts given in the Final EIA/EMP report are factually correct to the

best of our knowledge.

Shiva Corporation (I) Ltd Devendra Goyal

Lease holder EIA Coordinator

Date: 29-07-2015



CHAPTER: 1

INTRODUCTION

1.0 PREAMBLE Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process used to identify the

environmental, social & economic impacts of a project prior to decision making. It

aims to predict environmental impacts at an early stage of project planning & design,

find ways & means to reduce adverse impacts. By using EIA, both environmental &

economic benefits can be achieved. By environmental effects prediction & mitigation,

early benefits in project planning, protection of environment, optimum utilization of

resources, thus saving overall time & cost of the project. Rivers are the most

important life sustaining system of nature and play a vital role in transport of

sediment (material) from one place to other. Total quantity of material transported by

rivers, a substantial part is detained within its channels and adjoining environments

as fluvial deposits. River sand (Bajri) will not create any problem to riverine

ecosystem as the quantity of mining well within the replenishment limits. To cope

with the ecosystem systematic and scientific mining is necessary with a certain depth

from surface of river channel. Quarrying of river sand is an important economic

activity in India as well as in the state of Rajasthan. Rajasthan has varying

topographic features though a major part of the state is dominated by ephemeral

rivers. River sand (Bajri) plays a crucial role to the construction industries and

infrastructure projects used as a basic raw material in mortars and concrete.

M/s. Shiva Corporation (I) Ltd. Jaipur (here in after referred as SCIL) propose to

develop a River Sand mine in, Revenue villages (covering 18 villages) of Tehsil &

District: Chittorgarh, State: Rajasthan having lease area is 450.89 Ha. Total land of

mining lease comes under Gair Mumkin Nadi, Nallah (Government land) as per

khasra no. provided by Department of Mines & Geology, Rajasthan. No Forest land

is involved in this area.

1.1 GENERAL INFORMATION ON MINING OF MINERALS

Mining is a major contributor (2’nd) to the national GDP (4%) occupying 36

lakh Ha. (0.11%) of total land area (329 m Ha) and providing employment generation

(4 %) for 1.1 million people of the country. In almost every mineral bearing region,

soil mining and land degradation have been inseparably connected. Rajasthan is the

second largest mineral producing state in India. About one-fourth of production of

non-metallic minerals in India comes from Rajasthan state. Mining areas in



Rajasthan produce many useful minerals. 43 major and 28 minor minerals are mined

in Rajasthan.

Source: raj-sthan.webs.com

1.1.1 RIVER SAND MINING

Sand Mining is a process of the actual removal of sand from the foreshore including

rivers, streams and lakes. Sand is mined from beaches and inland dunes and

dredged from river bed. These minerals typically occur combined with ordinary sand.

The sand is dug up, the valuable minerals are separated in water by using their

different density, and the remaining ordinary sand is re-deposited. River sand is vital

for human well being and for sustenance of rivers. River sand is one of the world’s

most plentiful resources (perhaps as much as 20% of the Earth’s crust is sand) and

has the ability to replenish itself. As a resource, sand by definition is ‘a loose,

incoherent mass of mineral materials and is a product of natural processes.’ These

processes are the disintegration of rocks and corals under the influence of

weathering and abrasion. Bajri continued to be most popular and leading

construction material in view of being cheap, durable and very easy to handle.

1.2 PURPOSE OF REPORT

Economic, social and environmental change is inherent to development. Whilst

development aims to bring about positive change it can lead to conflicts. In the past,

the promotion of economic growth as the motor for increased well-being was the

main development thrust with little sensitivity to adverse social or environmental

impacts.

The environmental impacts of any new or expansion project must be surveyed,

forecasted and evaluated by the project proponents in the process of designing the

project. These results and findings are then to be incorporated in the Environmental

Impact Assessment (EIA) Report.

Legal Framework related to Project

Mining Leases for the mineral Bajri are granted as provided in Rajasthan Minor Mineral

Concession (Amendments) Rules, 2012 notified vide Department Notification No. F.14

(1) Mines/ Gr. II/ 2011 dated 23-05-2012 i.e. RMMCR, 1986.

o According to rule 7 (Amendment) “Provided that mining lease for mineral Bajri

shall only be granted by way of tender or auction”.

o According to rule 8 & 17 (Amendment) “The mining lease for Bajri shall not be

renewed”.



o According to rule 16 (Amendment) “The mining lease for mineral Bajri shall be

granted for a period of five years only”.

o According to rule 18 (Amendment) “In case of mining lease for Bajri Mineral, part

surrender of lease area shall not be accepted and the lessee shall not have any

right to remove any stock of Bajri after the expiry of lease period or receipt of the

order of determination of lease”. New clause 32 has been added under rule 18

stating that “The lessee shall abstain from mining beyond depth of three meters

from the surface and below the water table of river/ nallah and shall work in such a

manner that natural flow path of river/ nallah is not altered”.

o The Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (formerly Ministry

ofEnvironment & Forests), New Delhi in perpetuation of the directive of the Apex

court in reference to the SLP (C) No. 729-731/2011, 21833/ 2009, 12498 – 499/

2010, SLP (C) CC….16157/ 2011 & CC 18235/ 2011 issued guidelines on sand

mining.

o A Civil Appeal No. (S) 9703 – 9706 of 2013 between Chief Secretary, Govt. of

Rajasthan versus National Green Tribunal Bar Assn. & ORS of SLP (C) No.

34134 of 2013 {State of Rajasthan & ORS. Vs. Nature Club of No. 34811 of 2013

{Naveen Sharma Vs. State of Rajasthan & ORS.} dated 25.11.2013 “Till the end

of February’ 2014, the Letter of Intent holders who have submitted their

applications to the Ministry of Environment and Forests for clearances can

carry mining operations in accordance with the Notification dated 21st

June’ 2012 of the Mines (Act 2) Department, Government of Rajasthan

issued under rule 65A of the Rajasthan Mines and Mineral Concession

Rules’ 1986”.

o Based on above order, Govt. of Rajasthan allowed Temporary sand mining

permission for the proposed leases up to 28th February’ 2014, which was further

extended till 31st March 2014. On 27th March 2014, Hon’ble Supreme Court of

India has further extended this duration till further order.

1.3 ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE PROCESS

The proposed project falls under Category –‘A’ as per the EIA notification of

14th September 2006 and its amendment dated 1st December 2009. Mining

Projects of ML area of > 50 Ha is classified as “Category- A” projects. The

authority for approval of TOR & issue/reject Environmental Clearance (EC) is

Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Government of India (GoI) on the



recommendations of Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC). The Environmental

Clearance process for mining will comprise a maximum of three stages.

STAGE (1) – SCOPING

'Scoping' refers to the process by which the EAC determines detailed and

comprehensive TOR addressing all relevant environmental concerns for the

preparation of an EIA report in respect of the project or activity for which prior

environmental clearance is sought. The EAC determines the ToR on the basis

of information furnished in the prescribed application Form- 1, including ToR

proposed by the applicant.

STAGE (2) – PUBLIC CONSULTATION

"Public consultation" refers to the process by which the concerns of local

affected persons and others who have plausible stake in the environmental

impact of the project or activity are ascertained with a view to taking into

account all the material concerns in the project or activity design as

appropriate. After completion of the public consultation, the applicant shall

address all the material environmental concerns expressed during this

process, and make appropriate changes in the draft EIA and EMP. The final

EIA report, so prepared, shall be submitted by the applicant to the concerned

regulatory authority for appraisal. The applicant may alternatively submit a

supplementary report to draft EIA and EMP addressing all the concerns

expressed during the public consultation.

STAGE (3) - APPRAISAL

Detailed scrutiny by the EAC of the application and other documents like the

final EIA report, outcome of the public consultations including public hearing

proceedings, submitted by the applicant to the regulatory authority concerned

for grant of EC. Flow-chart depicting the stages in prior environmental

clearance process for the proposed Category- A project is given in Fig- 1.1.

FINAL REIA / EMP REPORT FOR RIVER SAND MINING PROJECT AT TEHSIL & DISTRICT: CHITTORGARH

D/ Sand Project/201511

Fig No.: 1.1 Prior Environmental Clearance Process for Category

1.4 COMPLIANCE TO THE TERMS OF REFERENCE (ToR)

The application for ToR of the proposed River sand mining located in Revenue

villages, Tehsil & District Chittorgarh, Rajasthan was submit

the same was considered in the 10

Committee (EAC) meeting of MoEF scheduled on 21

approval vide letter no. J-11015/228/2013

as Annexure - I. EIA/EMP prepared in accordance with ToR issued by MoEF to assess the

likely impacts from proposed project on the surrounding environment and evaluating the


of 165 Enviro Concept Committed to Sustainable Development

or Environmental Clearance Process for Category-A project

COMPLIANCE TO THE TERMS OF REFERENCE (ToR)


villages, Tehsil & District Chittorgarh, Rajasthan was submitted on dated 12.07.2013 and

the same was considered in the 10th Reconstituted Committee of the Expert Appraisal

Committee (EAC) meeting of MoEF scheduled on 21th – 23th August, 2013 was accorded

11015/228/2013-IA.II (M) dated 17.10.2013, copy is enclosed

EIA/EMP prepared in accordance with ToR issued by MoEF to assess the


2015

Enviro Concept Committed to Sustainable Development

A project


ted on dated 12.07.2013 and

Expert Appraisal

August, 2013 was accorded

, copy is enclosed

EIA/EMP prepared in accordance with ToR issued by MoEF to assess the




means of alleviating the likely negative impacts, if any, from the sand mining project.

Compliance to the Terms of Reference (ToR) is given in Table 1.1.

Table-1.1 COMPLIANCE TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) S.

No. ToR Condition Compliance Status

1 Year-wise production details since 1994 onwards should be given clearly stating the highest production achieved in any one year prior to 1994. It may also be categorically informed whether there had been any increase in production after the EIA Notification, 1994 coming into force w.r.t the highest production achieved prior to 1994.

Neither the project proponent had carried out any mining in ML Area before 1994 nor was he entitled to carry out such operation in the period anterior to the date of issue of letter of intent. In the light of the interim relief by the Hon’ble Apex Court on 25.11.2013 and 27.03.2014. The LOI has been granted in favor of M/s Shiva Corporation (I) Ltd dated 28.01.2013 The year wise production details as follows:

Year Production (in Tonne)

1994- Dec. 2013 -- Jan 2014-March 2014 3023 April 2014- March 2015 40293 Total 43,316

Copy of the Supreme Court order enclosed as Annexure No: 8

2 A Copy of the document in support of the fact that the proponent is the rightful lessee of the mine should be given.

LOI for Mining Lease for 450.89 Ha. area has been granted in favour of M/s. Shiva Corporation (I) Ltd. vide letter No P10 (21) Mine/Group-2/2012 dated 28.01.2013 and copy of the same is enclosed as Annexure No. 2.

3 All documents including approved mine plan, EIA and public hearing should be compatible with one another in terms of the mine lease area, production levels, waste generation and its management and mining technology and should be in the name of the lessee.

All the documents submitted are compatible with one another in terms of the asked information which is mentioned below:

S. No

Details TOR Public Hearing

Approved Mining Plan

1 Area

(in ha.) 450.89 450.89 450.89

2 Production 2.24 LTPA

2.26 LTPA

2.26 LTPA

3 Waste

generation Nil Nil Nil

4 Method of

mining

Open cast

semi-mechani

zed

Open cast

semi-mechaniz

ed

open cast semi-

mechanized

4 All corner coordinates of the mine lease area, superimposed on a High Resolution Imagery/toposheet should be

All corners coordinates of the applied lease area, and along with other ecological features of the study area (core and buffer zone) superimposed on a high resolution imagery/toposheet.



S. No.

ToR Condition Compliance Status

provided. Such an Imagery of the proposed area should clearly show the land use and other ecological features of the study area (core and buffer zone).

Latitude: 25°46’25.1” N to 25°11’8.9” N Longitude: 74°32’6.11” E to 74° 57’13.2” E Toposheet. Details are given in Chapter: 4, Fig No: 4.2 of FREIA/EMP Report.

5 Does the company have a well laid down Environment Policy approved by its Board of Directors? If so, it may be spelt out in the EIA report with description of the prescribed operating process/procedures to bring into focus any infringement/deviation/violation of the environmental or forest norms/ conditions? The hierarchical system or administrative order of the Company to deal with the environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the EC conditions may also be given. The system of reporting of non-compliances/violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the Company and/or shareholders or stakeholders at large may also be detailed in the EIA report.

Yes, Company has a well laid down Environment Policy i.e. Committed to comply with applicable statutory requirements, proper implementation, and management for prevention of pollution as per Environment Clearance/Clearance from pollution control board/Environmental Laws/CPCB norms/ guidelines issued from time to time by related department. Continue to improve the effectiveness of our environment and management system by regular training with optimum use of natural resources, better productivity by regular internal audit and up gradation of technology. Non Compliance Reporting Procedure:- The Company has well defined procedures to bring into focus any infringement/deviation/ violation of the environmental and forest norms. The hierarchical system to deal with the environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the environmental clearance conditions. Quarterly communication to the Stakeholders regarding performance of mining on environment measures. Details given in Chapter- 9 of REIA/EMP report and Environmental Policy enclosed as Annexure No :15

6 Issues relating to Mine Safety, including subsidence study, blasting study etc. should be detailed. The proposed safeguard measures in each case should also be provided.

Mining will be done as per approved mining plan & progressive mine closure plan. Proposed mining is open cast semi – mechanized method up to maximum depth of 3 Mtr. From river beds without any blasting. Hence, subsidence study is not required. Protective equipment like Helmet, shoe, dust musk, goggles ear plug/muffs and other equipment will be provided to all workers. All Safety measures are adopted as per Statutorily requirement under the provision of the Mines Act,



S. No.


1952 and other rules and regulation made thereunder.

7 The study area will comprise of 10 km. zone around the mine lease from lease periphery and the data contained in the EIA such as waste generation etc should be for the life of the mine / lease period.

The study area comprise of 10 km radius from the periphery of the mining lease. The study area comprise of 10 km zone from the periphery of the mining lease is given in Fig No: 4.1, Chapter: 4.

8 Land use of the study area delineating forest area, agricultural land, grazing land, wildlife sanctuary, national park, migratory routes of fauna, water bodies, human settlements and other ecological features should be indicated. Land use plan of the mine lease area should be prepared to encompass preoperational, operational and post operational phases and submitted.

Existing Land use Map has been prepared. No change in Land use i.e. Forest area, agriculture land, wildlife Sanctuary, National Park, Water bodies, human Settlements proposed except plantation along the River bed, or Near by Govt Land wherever is available. However, river sand shall be excavated from the mine lease area. No overburden and waste is likely to be generated during lease period.

S. No. Class Area (Ha.) Area (%) 1. Settlements 4373.08 3.85 2. Road 474.62 0.42 3. Railway line 91.91 0.08

4. Wild animal sanctuary

355.85 0.31

5. Water

body/water logged area

1923.22 1.69

6. Hindusthan zoinc limited

171.82 0.15

7. Birla cement works

85.08 0.07

8. Rocky area 391.75 0.34

9. Open scrub land

14768.69 12.99

10. Mine Lease Area/ Quarry land

959.82 0.84

11. Industrial area 224.14 0.20 12. Agriculture Area 74273.24 65.31

13. Forest Area 15628.96 13.74 Total 113722.19 100

Land use map showing land use of study area is given in Fig No.4.2 of Chapter: 4. Following is the Land use pattern of the mine lease area at present along with the end of 5 years as below:

S. Particulars Present At the At the



S. No.


No. land use (Ha)

end of 3rd year (Ha)

end of 5th year

(Ha) 1 Mine area 0.0 16.20 45 2 Dump area 0.0 - -

3

Safety zone

Permanent Roads (6no.)

2.505 7.50 7.50

4 Infrastructure (office, temp, shelter etc)

- - -

5 Mineral Storage - - - 6 Plantation - - - 7 Un worked 448.39 427.19 398.39

Total 450.89 450.89 450.89 Change of Land use:- The applied river bed lease area consists of Gair Mumkin nadi. No forest land, grazing land & agricultural land involved. There will not be any permanent change in land use in the core zone, as mining activity involves collection of sand (Bajri). Plantation will be done around the applied lease area.

9 Details of the land for any Over Burden Dumps outside the mine lease, such as extent of land area, distance from mine lease, its land use, R&R issues, if any, should be given.

No O/B or waste generated during proposed mining. Mining lease area is belonging to Gair mumkin nadi & nallas only. No R&R plan is required.

10 A Certificate from the Competent Authority in the State Forest Department should be provided, confirming the involvement of forest land, if any, in the project area. In the event of any contrary claim by the Project Proponent regarding the status of forests, the site may be inspected by the State Forest Department along with the Regional Office of the Ministry to ascertain the status of forests, based on which, the Certificate in this regard as mentioned above be issued. In all such cases, it would be

The applied lease area is part of Gair Mumkin Nadi & Nalla as per revenue record. Authenticated Topographical Map showing RF, PF is enclosed as Annexure No.-17.



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desirable for representative of the State Forest Department to assist the Expert Appraisal Committees.

11 Status of forestry clearance for the broken up area and virgin forestland involved in the Project including deposition of net present value (NPV) and compensatory afforestation (CA) should be indicated. A copy of the forestry clearance should also be furnished.

No, Forest land involved in proposed lease area. Hence, No forest clearance required.

12 Implementation status of recognition of forest rights under the Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 should be indicated.

Not Applicable. Proposed lease area not covered under Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006.

13 The vegetation in the RF / PF areas in the study area, with necessary details, should be given.

Nearest Reserve forest “Maton Ki Ori” is located at distance of 1.8 km from lease area. Total forest area covering is about 10,853 Ha in the study area. Vegetation of Reserve forests comprises Butea monospera; Pongamia pinnat, Acacia nilotica and Prosopis juliflora are present in abundance. The ecological potential of a particular species is a measure of its capacity to effectively compete in a given geographical area, ahead of other species, as they all try to occupy a natural space. Vegetation found in RF areas are almost same as buffer area given in Section 4.7.

14 A study shall be got done to ascertain the impact of the Mining Project on wildlife of the study area and details furnished. Impact of the project on the wildlife in the surrounding and any other protected area and accordingly detailed mitigative measures required, should be worked out with cost implications and

The mining lease area is in non-forest land where presence of fauna is very rare. As such, there will be no adverse impact of the river sand mining activity on fauna around the mining lease area. Bio-diversity study conducted by Biodiversity experts and anticipated impact and conservation plan with budgetary allocation of Rs. 1,75,000 Lac for five years. Details conservation plan with activities are incorporating REIA/EMP.



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submitted. 15 Location of National Parks,

Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Wildlife Corridors, Tiger/Elephant Reserves/ Critically Polluted Areas/Aravalli (existing as well as proposed), if any, within 10 km. of the mine lease should be clearly indicated, supported by a location map duly authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden. Necessary clearance, as may be applicable to such projects due to proximity of the ecologically sensitive areas as mentioned above, should be obtained from the State Wildlife Department/Chief Wildlife Warden under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and copy furnished.

There is no National parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Tiger/Elephant reserves (existing as well as proposed), present within 10 km radius except Wildlife Sanctuary which is situated at a distance of 9.0km from the applied mine lease as per the primary survey and the available secondary data. Aravali Hill NOC from State Mining Department enclosed. Authenticated Map showing above details by DCF, Chittorgarh enclosed as annexure No.18

16 A detailed biological study of the study area [core zone and buffer zone (10 km radius of the periphery of the mine lease)] shall be carried out. Details of flora and fauna, duly authenticated, separately for core and buffer zone should be furnished based on such primary field survey, clearly indicating the Schedule of the fauna present. In case of any Scheduled-I fauna found in the study area, the necessary plan for their conservation should be prepared in consultation with State Forest and Wildlife Department and details furnished. Necessary allocation of funds for implementing the same should be made as part of

A detailed biological study for the study area [core and buffer zone (10 km radius of the periphery of the mine lease)] has been carried out in October-November & December, 2013 and the details are given in point 4.7, Chapter-4. Biological Study with conservation plan is incorporated in Chapter No: 4 of REIA/EMP Report.



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the project cost.

17 Proximity to Areas declared as ‘Critically Polluted’ or the Project areas likely to come under the ‘Aravali Range’, (attracting court restrictions for mining operations), should also be indicated and where so required, clearance certifications from the prescribed Authorities, such as the SPCB or State Mining Dept. Should be secured and furnished to the effect that the proposed mining activities could be considered.

Neither the mine lease area fall in critically polluted area Nor Aravalli range. Clearance certificate from the State Mining Department enclosed as Annexure No: 11.

18 Similarly, for coastal Projects, A CRZ map duly authenticated by one of the authorized agencies demarcating LTL. HTL, CRZ area, location of the mine lease w.r.t CRZ, coastal features such as mangroves, if any, should be furnished. (Note: The Mining Projects falling under CRZ would also need to obtain approval of the concerned Coastal Zone Management Authority).

Mining lease area does not falls in CRZ. Hence Not Applicable.

19 R&R Plan/compensation details for the Project Affected People (PAP) should be furnished. While preparing the R&R Plan, the relevant State/National Rehabilitation & Resettlement Policy should be kept in view. In respect of SCs /STs and other weaker sections of the society in the study area, a need based sample survey, family-wise, should be undertaken to assess their requirements, and action

Mining shall be restricted only in River bed, where no habitation is present. Hence R&R is not applicable.



S. No.


programmes prepared and submitted accordingly, integrating the sectoral programmes of line departments of the State Government. It may be clearly brought out whether the village located in the mine lease area will be shifted or not. The issues relating to shifting of Village including their R&R and socio-economic aspects should be discussed in the report.

20 One season (non-monsoon) primary baseline data on ambient air quality (PM10, SO2 and NO2), water quality, noise level, soil and flora and fauna shall be collected and the AAQ and other data so compiled presented date-wise in the EIA and EMP Report. Site-specific meteorological data should also be collected. The location of the monitoring stations should be such as to represent whole of the study area and justified keeping in view the pre-dominant downwind direction and location of sensitive receptors. There should be at least one monitoring station within 500 m of the mine lease in the pre-dominant downwind direction. The mineralogical composition of PM10, particularly for free silica, should be given.

One season Primary Baseline Data on Ambient Air Quality, Water Quality, Noise Quality, Soil Quality & Flora & Fauna (Post-Monsoon 2013 – October- November-December) has been collected and mentioned in REIA/EMP report in Chapter-4.The summary of the data is given inChapter No.:4. Location of Air, Water, Soil & Noise monitoring stations given in below table: The summary of the data is given in chapter: 4. The mineralogical composition of PM10 particularly of free silica is given in Chapter: 4 of EIA/EMP

Report.

Location Distance (km)

Direction w.r.t lease area

Zone

Bherido 0.1 North Core

Sunwaniya 0.4 North Core

Chittorgarh Urban 0.5 South Core

Barkhera 8.3 North-East Buffer

Unkhliya 8 North-South Buffer

Pandoli 5.6 West Buffer

21 Air Quality Modelling should be carried out for prediction of impact of the project on the air quality of the area. It should also take into account the

In order to predict the particulate emissions, AERMOD version 8.2 model was used to predict changes in air quality i.e., maximum ground level concentration (GLC’s) of PM10, due to the proposed mining activity. The inputs required for



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impact of movement of vehicles for transportation of mineral. The details of the model used and input parameters used for modelling should be provided. The air quality contours may be shown on a location map clearly indicating the location of the site, location of sensitive receptors, if any, and the habitation. The wind roses showing pre-dominant wind direction may also be indicated on the map.

the model are:- § Hourly meteorological data § Source data § Receptor data § Programme control parameters.

Air quality modeling has been carried out for prediction of impact due to proposed project activities on the present air quality of the area as shown in Chapter: 5. The Wind rose diagram indicating predominant wind direction is shown in Figure No.4.14 of final REIA report.

22 The water requirement for the Project, its availability and source should be furnished. A detailed water balance should also be provided. Fresh water requirement for the Project should be indicated.

The water requirement for the project will be 3.0 KLD which includes both for dust suppression and for Domestic purpose. The details of water balance are given in Chapter: 2.

23 Necessary clearance from the Competent Authority for drawl of requisite quantity of water for the Project should be provided.

Required water demand will be met out from Tanker Water Supply. Hence, CGWA Permission is not required.

24 Description of water conservation measures proposed to be adopted in the Project should be given. Details of rainwater harvesting proposed in the Project, if any, should be provided.

Water conservation measures proposed to be adopted in the project have been incorporated in Chapter: 5 of final REIA /EMP Report. No rain-water harvesting is possible in ML area.

25 Impact of the project on the water quality, both surface and groundwater should be assessed and necessary safeguard measures, if any required, should be provided.

There will be no significant impact on both surface & ground water quality is expected, as river sand mining does not release any type of pollutants to water/water bodies.

26 Based on actual monitored data, it may clearly be shown whether working will intersect groundwater. Necessary data and documentation in this

Pre-monsoon :16.85 mbgl Post-monsoon: 10.74 mbgl Ultimate Working depth : 1-3 mbgl At any stage river sand mining will not intersect the groundwater table, as mining will be carried out to



S. No.


regard may be provided. In case the working will intersect groundwater table, a detailed Hydro Geological Study should be undertaken and Report furnished. Necessary permission from Central Ground Water Authority for working below ground water and for pumping of ground water should also be obtained and copy furnished.

shallow depth (3m below river bed). In the proposed river sand area general ground water table depth varies from 10.74 -16.85 mbgl. No intersect the ground water table and no pumping of water required during proposed mining. Hence, No need to take permission from Central Ground Water Board.

27 Details of any stream, seasonal or otherwise, passing through the lease area and modification / diversion proposed, if any, and the impact of the same on the hydrology should be brought out.

Mining will be carried out in river bed, which is a govt. land and hence no activity in proposed in forest land. Hence, no diversion/modification is proposed

28 Information on site elevation, working depth, groundwater table etc. Should be provided both in AMSL and bgl. A schematic diagram may also be provided for the same.

Source: CGWA Oct 2007

Site elevation 428-360 Amsl Ultimate Working Depth

3 m

Ground water table (Pre-Monsoon)

16.85mbgl

Ground water table (Post-Monsoon)

10.74mbgl

29 A time bound Progressive Greenbelt Development Plan shall be prepared in a tabular form (indicating the linear and

Total 4000 plants in 5 Years are proposed under greenbelt development programme along banks of lease, roads including govt. waste and private land under social forestry permission of competent

16.85 BGL (Pre monsoon) 10.74 BGL (Post monsoon) WATER TABLE

3.0meter ULTIMATE DEPTH

428 mRL HIGHEST CONTOUR

Proposed working will not intersect Ground water table.

LOWEST CONTOUR 360 mRL



S. No.


quantitative coverage, plant species and time frame) and submitted, keeping in mind, the same will have to be executed up front on commencement of the project.

authority and local peoples. Native Species also proposes in consultation of local forest department. A time-bound Progressive Greenbelt Development Plan is given in Chapter: 9.

30 Impact on local transport infrastructure due to the Project should be indicated. Projected increase in truck traffic as a result of the Project in the present road network (including those outside the Project area) should be worked out, indicating whether it is capable of handling the incremental load. Arrangement for improving the infrastructure, if contemplated (including action to be taken by other agencies such as State Government) should be covered.

The proposed production of minor mineral per day will be around 800 TPD, requiring 40 trucks/ tippers of 20 ton capacity per day. Traffic density will increase by only one truck per hour on the existing road network. The mine site is connected to a pucca road. This pucca road is well connected to NH-79 connecting Ajmer-Nasirabad-M.P Border which is 1.2 km. from mine site and NH-76 connecting Pindwara-Udaipur to Kota. It has sufficient capacity to take care of the extra traffic load of the mine. As the load on the road network is not very high, no additional infrastructure is contemplated.There shall be no impact on local transport system as the mining will be carried out on block basis (Total Block: 3) Therefore, there will be no impact on local transport infrastructure due to mines. Details given in EIA/EMP Chapter No.5.

31 Details of the onsite shelter and facilities to be provided to the mine workers should be included in the EIA report.

Shelter and facilities will be provided to the mine workers as per Approved Mining Plan & as per Mines Rules on temporary basis i.e. Rest Shelter, drinking water facilities, washrooms separately for male & female workers, sanitary facility, first aid facilities, etc. will be provided as per Mines Rule 1955.

32 Conceptual post mining land use and Reclamation and Restoration of mined out areas (with plans and with adequate number of sections) should be given in the EIA report.

Uniform extraction of river bed surface to ensure that there is no ponding or irregular water accumulation in pits in the working area. River will be replenished up to some extent naturally by sediments during rainy season.

33 A time bound Progressive Greenbelt Development Plan shall be prepared in a tabular form (indicating the linear and quantitative coverage, plant species and time frame) and

Total 4000 plants in 5 Years are proposed under greenbelt development programme along banks of lease, roads including govt. Waste and private land under social forestry permission of competent authority and local peoples. Native Species also proposes in consultation of



S. No.


submitted, keeping in mind, the same will have to be executed up front on commencement of the project. Phase-wise plan of plantation and compensatory afforestation should be charted clearly indicating the area to be covered under plantation and the species to be planted. The details of plantation already done should be given.

local forest department. A time-bound Progressive Greenbelt Development Plan is given in Chapter: 9.

34 Occupational Health impacts of the Project should be anticipated and the proposed preventive measures spelt out in detail. Details of pre-placement medical examination and periodical medical examination schedules should be incorporated in the EMP.

No major occupational health hazard is anticipated. All workers will be subjected to Initial Medical Examination as per Mines Rule 1955 both at times of appointment and periodical medical Examination yearly. Personnel Protective Equipments like face mask, earmuffs, ear plugs, gloves, safety goggles and safety boots will be provided.

35 Public health implications of the Project and related activities for the population in the impact zone should be systematically evaluated and the proposed remedial measures should be detailed along with budgetary allocations.

No, impact anticipated during operational phases of mining on public except dust pollution due to transportation of sand. Dust suppression measures will be taken i.e. water sprinkler, face mask to workers and greenbelt development as per the EIA/EMP report. Provision of Rs. 0.50 lac per year for implementation of proposed OHS Budget allocated as section 7.5, Table No 7.4 of EIA /EMP

36 Measures of Socio Economic significance and influence to the local community proposed to be provided by the Project Proponent should be indicated. As far as possible, quantitative dimensions may be given with time frames for implementation.

No adverse impact is anticipated on any socio economic environment. There is no habitation within the applied lease area. However, Priority will be given for local people during employment. To empower and increasing economical status of local people. Provision of Rs.11.0 lac per annum also allocated under CSR is given in Chapter: 5, at Table No 5.3 of REIA/EMP Report.

37 Detailed environmental management plan to mitigate the environmental impacts which, should inter-alia include the impacts of change of land use, loss of agricultural and grazing land, if any,

Based on Environmental impact assessment, Environment Management Plan is prepared and incorporated in section 9.1.



S. No.


occupational health impacts besides other impacts specific to the proposed Project.

38 Public hearing points raised and commitment of the project proponent on the same along with time bound action plan to implement the same should be provided and also incorporated in the final EIA/EMP Report of the Project.

Public hearing points raised and commitment of the project proponent on the same along with time bound action plan to implement is given in Table No 7.1 & Time bound action plan is given in Table No. 7.2.

39 Details of litigation pending against the project, if any, with direction /order passed by any Court of Law against the project should be given.

Yes, A PIL in the High Court of Rajasthan filed by an NGO, Nature Club of Rajasthan. Copy other same enclosed as Annexure No.-21.

40 The cost of the project (capital cost and recurring cost) as well as the cost towards implementation of EMP should clearly be spelt out.

Capital cost for the Proposed project: Rs. 65 Lac. Capital Cost for EMP: Rs.14.0 Lac The same has been incorporated in Chapter: 9 of EIA/EMP Report.

41 Details of replenishment studies.

Given in Chapter: 5 of this final REIA/EMP report

42 Details of Transportation of mined out materials as per the Indian Road Congress for both the ways (loaded as well as unloaded trucks) load and its impact on Environment.

The haul road will be made as per IRC guidelines and time to time maintenance of the road will be done. Given in Chapter: 4 of EIA/EMP report.

43 Proper species specific Conservation plan for Schedule–I and II species.

Schedule–I Fauna Peacock found in study area. Details Given in Chapter: 4 of EIA/EMP report.

44 Impact of mining on plankton. During the entire lease period, River Sand Mining will be restricted to 3.0 m depth from the river bed and will be kept above 1-2 m from the water table. River Sand Mining activity negligible effect on plankton found as results of our study. Details are Given in Chapter: 4 of EIA/EMP report.

45 Details of mining activity to be provided w.r.t Block Wise/ Calendar wise/ Zonal wise, as the mine lease area having a

It is proposed to work in 03 blocks. Total block (A, B & C). Total extant of lease is 25.5 km. in length. Given in Chapter: 2 of EIA/EMP report.



S. No.


long stretch. 46 Details of Gradient of river bed

to be provided. Given in Chapter: 4 of EIA/EMP report.

47 Details of excavation schedule & sequential mining plan.

Given in Chapter: 2 of Draft EIA/EMP report.

48 The Mining Plan shall be prepared carefully, dividing lease area into Manageable blocks to ensure scientific and systematic mining of minor minerals.

It is proposed to work in 03 blocks. Total block (A, B, C). Total extent of lease is 25.5 km. in length. Details are Given in Chapter: 2 of Draft EIA/EMP Report.

Besides the above, the below mentioned general points will also have to be followed:-

a All documents to be properly referenced with index and continuous page numbering.

All documents have been properly referenced with index, page numbers and continuous page numbering.

b Where data are presented in the report especially in tables, the period in which the data were collected and the sources should be indicated.

The data presented in the report especially in table, along with the period in which the data was collected and the source has been incorporated.

c Where the documents provided are in a language other than English, an English translation should be provided.

Complied with.

d The Questionnaire for Environmental Appraisal of Mining projects as devised by the Ministry shall also be filled and submitted.

The questionnaire for environmental appraisal of mining projects as devised by the Ministry is enclosed as Annexure – 10

e While preparing the EIA report, the instructions for the proponents and instructions for the consultants issued by MoEF vide O.M. No. J-11013/41/2006-IA.II (I) dated 4th August, 2009, which are available on the website of this Ministry should also be followed.

All instruction mentioned in O.M. No. J-11013/41/2006-IA.II (I) dated 4th August, 2009 are being complied with.

f Changes, if any made in the basic scope and project parameters (as submitted in

There is no change made in the basic scope and project.



S. No.


Form-I and the PFR for securing the TOR) should be brought to the attention of MoEF with reasons for such changes and permission should be sought, as the TOR may also have to be altered. Post Public Hearing changes in structure and content of the draft EIA/EMP (other than modifications arising out of the PH process) will entail conducting the PH again with the revised documentation.

g As per the circular no. J-11011/618/2010-IA.II(I) dated 30.5.2012, you are requested to submit certified report of the status of compliance of the conditions stipulated in the environment clearance for the existing operations of the project by the Regional Office of Ministry of Environment & Forests, if applicable.

Proposed project is a new project.

1.5 POST ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE MONITORING

Environmental Monitoring Program shall be implemented for the proposed mining operations in post environmental clearance phase also. Environmental monitoring program include (i) Environmental Surveillance (ii) Analysis & Interpretation of Data (iii) Preparation of Reports to support Environmental Management System and (iv) Compliance of EC time to time. Comprehensive Environmental Surveillance shall be carried out by the project proponent. Monitoring report will be directly sent to the regulatory authorities. The monitoring data generated on routine basis shall serve as tools for: (i) Environmental status of the area (ii) Performance of the environmental protection measures (iii) Overall effectiveness of EMP. The monitoring program also includes the action

plan in case of emergency, so that appropriate measure may be taken. 1.6 GENERIC STRUCTURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

DOCUMENT As per the EIA guidance manual prepared by Administrative Staff College of India (ASCI), Hyderabad, The mining sector manual consists of eleven chapters, which



correspond to the generic structure given as per EIA notification 2006, as amended December 2009. Based on this manual, the generic structure of the report is as follows:

· Introduction · Project Description · Analysis of Alternatives (Technology & Site) · Description of the Environment · Anticipated Environmental Impact & mitigation Measures · Environmental Monitoring Program · Additional studies · Project benefits · Environment Management Plan · Summary & Conclusion · Disclosure of Consultant Engaged

1.7 DENTIFICATION OF PROJECT PROPONENT Name of Project: - Mining of River Sand in Berach River, Tehsil & District: Chittorgarh State – Rajasthan.

(List of villages with Khasara No. enclosed as Annexure No-2) Project Proponent: M/s Shiva Corporation (I) Ltd.

Address – A-24, Ambabari, Jaipur-302023. M/s ShivaCorporation (I) Ltd. has been granted a mining lease for extraction of Sand over an area of 450.89 Ha. The lessee is engaged in minor minerals mining profession since last 9-10 years. The Applicant is experienced person in mining profession with a sound financial background. Letter of Intent enclosed as ANNEXURE No -2.

1.8 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

The proposed project is an open cast semi-mechanized mining. It has been proposed to collect sand from the river bed. Mining will be confined to the allotted lease area which lies on the river bed from which approximately 2.26 LTPA of sand will be excavated and the estimated project cost is Rs. 65 lac. The Department of Mines and Geology intend to award mining lease of River Sand as per letter no. P (10) 21/ Mining/Group-2/2012 dated 28.01.2013. PROJECT NATURE, SIZE & LOCATION: NATURE The proposed project is river bed sand mining project. SIZE It has been proposed to excavate approximately 2.26 lac tonnes of river sand annually over an area of 450.89 Ha. LOCATION The mining area is located in Revenue villages of Tehsil & District: Chittorgarh, State: Rajasthan. The mining lease/proposed project area falls in Survey of India Toposheet No. 45K/12, 45K/16, 45L/5, 45L/9, 45L/10 & 45L/13.

1.9 REGULATORY COMPLIANCES & APPLICABLE LAWS/REGULATIONS a) There is no legal case against the project and project proponent.



The mining lease for extraction of sand has been granted for an area of 450.89 Ha. The area is situated at Revenue villages of Tehsil & District: Chittorgarh, State: Rajasthan. The area is granted in favor of M/s. Shiva Corporation (I) Ltd., vide their order no. P (10) 21 Mining/Group-2/2012 dated 28.01.2013 for a lease period of 5 years for mining of river sand. Mining Scheme including Progressive Mine Closure Plan for minor mineral for an area of 450.89 Ha submitted under rule rule 37(B) of MMCR 1986 II amendment 2012 for fresh grant of minor mineral lease and approved by SME, Bhilwara, Rajasthan vide their letter No. SME/Bhil-Cir/CC-2/Bajri/Chittor/2012/4945 dated 14-11-2013. Table-1.3 shows the salient features of the proposed project.

Table No.: 1.3 Salient Features of the Proposed Project Name of Project Sand Mining project at Revenue Villages of Tehsil &

District : Chittorgarh, Rajasthan Site Location River Berach, Tehsil & District: Chittorgarh, State:

Rajasthan Nature of Project Extraction of Sand from Berach Riverbed Lease Area 450.89 Ha. New/Expansion New Latitude 25046’25” N to 25011’9” N Longitude 74032’07” E to 74057’13” E

Elevation 428 mRL is the lowest and 360 mRL is the highest point in the River Berach.

Survey of India Toposheet No.

45K/12, 45K/16, 45L/5, 45L/9, 45L/10, 45L/13.

Life of Lease 5 Year Leasehold Area 450.89 Ha Nearest Railway station Chittorgarh (Aerial distance 2 Km)

Nearest National Highway NH-79 (AJMER - DHAR, M.P) NH-76 (Pindwara-Udaipur)

Interstate boundaries Madhya Pradesh- 55 Km Archaeological Important places

Chittorgarh Fort present about 1.5 km. towards East from the lease area.

Reserve forest Reserve forest/Protected Forest

Distance from lease area

Baramagara RF 9.8 km, NW Kabra RF 6.0 km, NW Bhavdhipura Merikhera 3.7 km, NW RF/PF/UC 8.21 km, W RF/PF/UC 9.2 km, NW Samara 5.5 km, NE Dundaria 5.6 km, NE RF/PF/UC 2.8 km, SE Ambaneri 6.5 km, SW Maton ki ori 1.8 km, SW



RF/PF/UC 3.7 km, SE

Grant of Mine Lease P10 (21) Mine/Group-2/2012 dated 28.01.2013

Mining Method Semi mechanized opencast method Note: All the distances mentioned above are aerial distances



Fig No1.2 River Sand lease area map

1.10 INFRASTRUCTURE 1.10.1 NEAREST RAILWAY STATION



Chittorgarh which is about 2.0 km from the lease area (SE). 1.10.2 NEAREST AIRPORT

Dabok Airport, Udaipur 80 km (aerially) from site towards South-West. 1.10.3 NEAREST HIGHWAY

NH- 79 about 1.2 km towards North-West and NH-76 about 2.9 km towards East from the lease area.

1.10.4 NATIONAL PARK/WILDLIFE SANCTUARY/ARCHAEOLOGICAL/MONUMENT

There is no National Park, elephant corridor within the study area except Bassi Wildlife Sanctuary which is situated at a distance of 9.0km for the lease area. Chittorgarh Fort present about 1.5km towards East from the lease area.

1.11 COST OF THE PROJECT The estimated Capital Cost of the project along with EMP budget is Rs. 65 Lac.

1.7 METHODOLOGY FOR EIA M/s. Enviro Concept (I) Pvt. Ltd. was assigned the job of conduction of EIA report of the proposed river bed mining project in Tehsil & District – Chittorgarh, State – Rajasthan. The study was conducted within 10 Km radius from the proposed mine as center. The base line data collection involves the data’s of air quality, water status, land use, socio-economic structure of the study area, existing flora, fauna, prevailing noise levels, along with the physiographical status and meteorological conditions of the area. The current report is based on the mining technique, air emissions, waste water generation and discharge, and solid waste management. Effective plans to mitigate the adverse impacts and suggestive pollution control measures along with environmental management plan have been summarized.

1.8 SCOPE OF THE STUDY The terms of reference on the basis of which the EIA has been prepared are given below: 1.8.1 Data generation The data has been generated by M/s. Enviro Concept (I) Pvt. Ltd., and M/s Noida Testing Laboratories. Noida, (UP), in accordance with the requirement of statutory agencies. The monitoring and testing has been done as per the guidelines of MoEF and the IS standards. Monitoring has been conducted for the following parameters:

TABLE 1.2: DATA GENERATION S. NO DESCRIPTION NO.OF

LOCATIONS TOTAL NO. OF

SAMPLES 1.0 AIR

Ambient air monitoring (24 hourly samples), twice a week for 3 months of location

8 168

1.1 Meteorological parameters will be measured at hourly duration simultaneously at one air monitoring station for 3 months.

1 90 days



Parameters: a. Wind speed, direction b. Relative humidity c. Temperature d. Cloudiness e. Rainfall

2.0 WATER Water/effluents sample to be collected from each of the various locations (ground water) in core and buffer zone (10 km radius).

Parameters: Water/effluents: tested for physical and chemical parameters as well as according to applicable standards.

8 Ground water

8 Ground water

3.0 SOIL quality 08 08 4.0 NOISE

Hourly readings taken for 24 hours (Leq)

8 8 sets

1.8.2 Data Collection

The EIA study is being done for the Mine Lease (core zone) and area within 10 km radius (buffer zone), both of which comprise the ‘study area. The following data, through field survey and other sources, has been collected by Enviro Concept (I) Pvt. Ltd., for preparing the EIA/EMP for the proposed mining area with related facilities.

i) Details of wild fauna and flora within a distance of 10 km from the project site and Information about forests, if any.

ii) Eco-sensitive places, sanctuaries, biosphere reserves within 10 km radius. iii) Major industries within 10 km radius. iv) Religious places / historical monuments and tourist places within 10 km radius. v) Land use pattern within core zone and buffer zone (10 km radius around the core

zone). vi) Based on census and satellite image and cropping pattern. vii) Demography and Socio-economic based on last available Census data for entire

study area. viii) Site specific Meterological Data collected and verifieid with nearest IMD station. ix) Study of present environmental protection and mitigation measures in nearby

operating similar projects, if any. x) Geo-hydrological aspects based on available data from various secondary

sources. xi) Identification of water bodies, hills, roads etc. within 10 km radius.

1.8.3 Preparation of EMP The EMP will include the following details:

a) Study of the reports like Geological report, FR or mining plan made available by the client.



b) Present Environmental Setting c) The base line data generated and collected as per para 1.7.1 and 1.7.2 will be

used to establish the present environment scenario. d) Identification, prediction and evaluation of Anticipated Environmental Impact due

to the proposed Mine and related facilities. The environmental impacts would be anticipated in core and buffer zone on:

- Topography and drainage - Climate - Water quality(Surface/Ground) - Hydro-geological Regime - Air quality - Noise Levels - Flora and Fauna - Traffic density - Land-Use - Socio-Economic Conditions - Habitat - Health, culture, human environment including public health, occupational health and

safety - Sensitive Places/Historical Monuments.

The impacts would be anticipated based on experience of similar projects. Proposed environmental safeguards and monitoring mechanism. Relevant guidelines as per Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification issued in January 1994 and subsequently on 14th September 2006 under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 will be kept in mind while spelling out mitigation measures.

The following aspects would be covered I. Reclamation of areas disturbed during mining but not required for any activity

after exhaustion of reserves. II. Measures to control the surface and ground water pollution due to various

effluents to be discharged, if any. III. Measures to control air pollution due to proposed activities/operation. IV. Green belt development plan and reclamation plan of mine. V. Measures to contain noise pollution & mitigate adverse impact on workers and

habitat in core and buffer zone. VI. Pronounce the improvement in socio-economic conditions & benefits the

people will get on implementation of the project. VII. Measures to control health hazard of workers and surrounding population.

VIII. Total and specific cost of control measures. IX. Environmental monitoring, implementation organization and feedback

mechanism to effect mid-course corrections. X. Identification of flora species which can be planted in and around the project.



CHAPTER-2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.0 GENERAL

M/s. Shiva Corporation (I) Ltd., Jaipur propose to develop a River Sand Mining in, Tehsil & District: Chittorgarh, State: Rajasthan. Total lease area of River Sand Mining is 450.89 Ha. (Including prohibited area). The lease area is located in River Berach, Tehsil & District: Chittorgarh covering the 18 villages. The land form is mostly river bed, Gair mumkin nadi and non-forest land. The river beds area is belong to Government river land as per revenue records. The Mine Lease area falls on Survey of India Toposheet No. 45K/12, 45K/16, 45L/5, 45L/9, 45L/10, 45L/13. PROJECT PROPONENT: M/s Shiva Corporation (I) Ltd. OWNERSHIP/OCCUPANCY: River beds and nalas under mining lease area is owned by Govt. of Rajasthan.

Table No.: 2.1 List of Villages Covering Lease Area With Khasra No. Name of village Khasra no Area in Ha.

Mayra 426,705 9.28 Khor 337, 338 13.76 Chittori 1 9.30 Ordi 346 6.40 Ochri 272,815,1156 14.8 Chittorgarh 1,264,1011,1012,1727,1801,1803

,2449,3094,3095,3388,3396 152.32

Manpura 1,2 13.17 Damdama 1 13.15 Nagri 1,1036,2527/1 51.51 Biliya 409,1316 20.0 Lal Ji Ka Kheda

1 11.11

Ghanet Kala 407,1530 13.68 Thukrava 1 9.30 Ghosunda 2754 81.00 Parliya 1 0.88 Hapawas 1 5.70 Satpuda 900 7.28 Pipli 698,986 17.8

Total 450.89

The Environmental Impact Assessment report has been prepared in terms of EIA notification of the MoEF dated 14th Sept 2006, as amended on 1st Dec 2009 & 4th April 2011 and the EIA Guidance Manual for Mining of Minerals (Feb, 2010) of MoEF, Govt. of India, for seeking environmental clearance for mining in the area of sand mining lease measuring 450.89 Ha falling under category “A”.



2.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT The proposed project is fresh mining lease applied for mining of minor mineral river sand located in Berach River with a capacity of 2.26 LPTA per annum in the mining lease area of 450.89 Ha. The project is classified as category “A” under the MoEF notification dated 14th September 2006 as the area is more than 50 Ha. The mining plan was approved by the Department of Mines and Geology, Government of Rajasthan on 14-11-2013 letter No. SME/Bhil-Circle/CC2/Bajri/Chittor/2012/4945.

2.1.1 LOCATION DETAILS

The proposed mining project is located in Revenue villages of Tehsil & District: Chittorgarh, Rajasthan. The river sand lease is covered under Survey of India Toposheet no. 45K/12, 45K/16, 45L/5, 45L/9, 45L/10, 45L/13 (1:50000 scale) and the area falls between 25046’25” N to 25011’9” N Latitudes & 74032’07” E to 74057’13” E Longitudes. The elevation of the ML area varies from 428-360 AMSL. Fig No.: 2.1 show the location map of the project. Google image of the proposed project, along with corner coordinates is shown in Fig No.: 2.2.

Fig No.: 2.1 Location Map of the Project



Fig No.: 2.2 Google Imagery of the proposed project, showing the corner Coordinate

2.1.2 NEED FOR THE PROJECT & IMPORTANCE TO THE COUNTRY OR REGION

The mining project falls in the District & Tehsil Chittorgarh of Rajasthan, and is devoid of sufficient agriculture activities and other industrial growth. The earning sources of the region are limited. Most of the people are dependent on agriculture. The agriculture activities are very poor to meager with 100% dependency on the arrival of monsoon. The region has scarcity of water. The rainfall in the region is also poor. Mineral wealth of the state Rajasthan provides the employment opportunity to the people of the state as well as region also. Mining is one of the major core sector industries which play a crucial role in the process of country economic development. The country is one of the G-20 major economies and a member of BRICS. The primary reason for the economic growth can be attributed to the growth in infrastructure. Infrastructural growth is directly proportional to the availability of raw materials such as bricks, cement, sand etc., with the growing infrastructural requirement of the India, thus the demand of raw materials have increased geometrically.

2.1.3 DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAP There is large demand of sand for construction activities in the region. Demand of sand is fulfilled by this project to various end users in open market. The Bajri which is an important component in the construction activities of any kind increase the demand as whole. During the last three to four years sudden increase in the real estate activities in the region further enhance the high demand of the Bajri is fulfilled by this project.



2.1.4 EXPORT POSSIBILITY Sand will be sold out in only domestic market as well as capital market. No export of river sand is envisaged from this mine.

2.2 LEASEHOLD AREA Total lease hold area of 450.89 Ha lies in the river bed of River Berach. The area break up of leased area is shown in the Table No. 2.2:

Table No.: 2.2 Breakup of lease area S.

No. Particular Area (Ha.)

1 River Bed Area 450.89 2 Agricultural Land Nil

3 Grazing Land Nil 4 Forest Land Nil

Total 450.89

Photographs of the ML area are as follows:

NORTH EAST

WEST SOUTH Fig No.: 2.3 Photographs of the MLArea



2.3 GEOLOGY 2.3.1 REGIONAL GEOLOGY

The district takes its name from the town of Chittorgarh, which appears to have been derived from Chitrakot, the ancient fort in the town.The district is located between the latitudes 23°32' and 25°13' north and longitudes 74°12' and 75°49' east in the south eastern part of the state. The district comprises of 12 tehsils namely, Nimbahera, Bari Sadri, Begun, Chittorgarh, Pratapgarh, Bhainsrorgarh, Rashmi, Dungla, Gangrar, Bhadesar and Choti Sadri. The district has two parts, the smaller portion or Bhainsrorgarh in the east is separated by the state of Madhya Pradesh. The district has an area of 10,858 km2. Topographically the district is undulating with scattered hills of the Aravalli Ranges. The Western Southern and Northern parts of the district are somewhat plain. A series of hills run North-South forming parallel valleys to the East of Chittorgarh. Bhainsrorgarh area is practically hilly. The main rivers flowing through this district are Chambal, Banas, Berach, Gambhiri, and Jakham with smaller rivers like Wagon, Gungali etc. Regionally Geology of the area along & around the Berach River bed in Chittorgarh tehsil & district Chittorgarh comprises various rocks belonging to Bhilwara & Vindhyan Supergroup. The area comprises Shale, limestone, sandstone belonging to Vindhyan Supergroup & Shale, slate, phyllite, quartzite of Bhilwara Supergroup intruded by Berach granite, granite & dolorite. The revised stratigraphic succession given by Balamiki Prasad (1984) is tabulated below:

Table No.: 2.3 Stratigraphic Successions Era Super

group Group Formation Litho units

PROTEROZOIC

ARCHAEAN

VINDHYAN Khorip Suket shale Shale Nimbahera Limestone

Limestone

Bari shale Shales Jiran sandstone

Sandstone and Khorimalan conglomerate

Lasrawan Binota shale Shale Kalmia sandstone Not exposed

Sand Palri shale -do- Sawa sandstone

-do-

Satola Bhagwanpura Limestone

-do-

Khardeola sandstone

-do-

Khairmalia Andesite

-do-

Unconformity Berach granite



Bhilwara Hindoli Bhadesar Shale, slate, phyllite, quartzite & dolomite

2.3.2 LOCAL GEOLOGY

The geology along the Berach River bed in Tehsil & district Chittorgarh comprises shale, limestone, sandstone belonging to Vindhyan Supergroup & shale, slate, phyllite, quartzite of Bhilwara Supergroup intruded by Berach granite, granite & dolorite. The stratigraphical sequences of rocks along the river bed are as follows:

Table No.: 2.4 Stratigraphic Sequences Era Super

group Group Formation Litho units

PROTEROZOIC VINDHYAN Khorip Suket shale shale Nimbahera Limestone

Limestone

Bari shale Shales Jiran sandstone

Sandstone and Khorimalan conglomerate

Lasrawan Binota shale Shale Unconformity

Berach granite Archaean Bhilwara Hindoli Bhadesar Shale, slate,

phyllite, quartzite & dolomite

Source: Approved Mining Plan with Progressive Mine Closure Plan

2.3.3 ESTIMATION OF RESERVES The total mineable reserves are 6300000 Tons. The lease of mine is for 5 years, with

the proposed production capacity of 2.26 LTPA. METHOD OF ESTIMATION OF RESERVE For the systematic estimation and operation river stretch of 18 villages has been calculated as per 3.0 m average thickness of River sand which is ultimate limit of mining in river.

Total area = 450.89 Ha. PROVED RESERVES

a) Survey was conducted in entire lease area of the river bed as per the area allocated in different villages, vide list given by ME Chittorgarh. This is the basic document provided by the authorities. Khasra Plan was provided by the applicant. As per Rule 18 of Rules, 2012 of MMCR, 1986 clause 32 stipulates “In case of mining lease of mineral Bajri, the lease/leases shall abstain from mining beyond depth of 3.0 m from



the surface and below the water in such a manner that natural path of river is not altered”.

b) Further as per notification no F-14(1) Mines\Gr11\2012 dated 21 June 2012 from Dy. Secretary to Government of Rajasthan clause-3 No person shall excavate Bajari beyond the depth of 3.0 m from the surface below the water level of river and within 45 m of any rail/ road bridge.

c) 10.0 m offset will also be left against the river banks to protect side collapse/scouring and riparian vegetation.

d) River is not having any water flow during post monsoon period and sand bed remains dry.

e) Mineral reserves are calculated up to 3 m depth from river bed surface RL. f) A safety zone of 45.0 m radius will be demarked for the wells located in the river bed.

All reserves are proved reserves. Details are given as below. SECTIONS Survey was conducted of the entire patch and sections were drawn on scale 1:20000. This has been considered as influence length for the Section. Details calculations, location of section area with 3.0 m depth of excavation from surface river bed for the allotted lease area has been carried out. In this area mineral Bajri is available more than 3.0 m deep but ultimate limit of mining is strictly not more than 3.0 m so calculation of reserve did by taking proved reserve upto 3.0 m deep. Total reserves/quantity thus calculated is given below.

Reserve calculation – Area in sq.mt x thickness of bajari x bulk density = reserve in tones

A) Proved reserves as per UNFC code (111) Total reserves = 18934020 Tonnes

B) Blocked reserves as per UNFC code (211 & 122) Area covered under water bodies, anicuts, bridge - 180 Ha. Basement rock-120 Ha (Bajri)River sand deposit-150 Ha So total Mineral reserve -150x3x1.4=6300000 tonnes Prohibited area in activity of mining for first five years = 7.50 Ha

2.3.4 QUALITY OF RESERVES The size of sediments varies from 1 mm to about 3.0 mm and is not uniform. The grains in the all size, small or large are rounded to sub rounded in shape. The colour of river sand is grayish fine to course grained. River sand weathered particles of feldspethic rocks of granitic composition with mixture of silica and other accessories minerals. The sand is composed of loose rounded silica grains of varying size with minor clay and sand particle with pebbles and is being used for preparing of pieces which are used as building materials. The River Sand is of two grades i.e. fine and coarse River Sand and used for different purpose as tabulated below Table No.: 2.5.

Table No.: 2.5 RIVER SAND GRADE & USES Type of River Sand Grade Uses Low grade River Sand SiO2 up to 85%

Fe2O3 up to 2.75 % Building materials of low cost use

High Grade River SiO2 up to 98% Building of medium and



Sand Fe2O3 up to 0.5 % high class use 2.4 TYPES OF MINING

The mining process is opencast semi-mechanized river bed mining of minor minerals. Drilling and blasting is not required as the material is soft in nature. Mining of Bajri (Minor Mineral) is exploitation of Bajari from river bed. As per MMCR rules 1986 extraction is limited to 3.0 m depth only from the surface area when River bed is dry. Entire stretch of the lease area is around 50 km long has been divided in to three block only for mining operation supervision management and safety. Light weight excavators will be deployed for extraction. Mineral will be removed in 3.0 m layer only forming one bench. Mineral will be loaded in trucks of 20 tonnes capacity trucks and equipment, earth movers will be on hire basis. There will be no overburden or waste generation because the Bajri is exposed in the river bed. Bench will advance from South west to North East direction in the river. Height of bench will be 3.0 m.

Fig No.: 2.5 Process Flow Diagrams Table No.: 2.6 Mining Details

S. NO. PARTICULARS DETAILS 1 Method of Mining Open cast semi-mechanized 2 Mineable Reserves 63.00 Lac tonne 3 Proposed Production 2.26 LTPA 4 No. of Bench 1 5 Total Blocks 3 ( A, B&C) 6 Bench Height 3.0 m 7 Ultimate working depth 3.0 m 8 Elevation Range 428-360 mRL

10 Ground Water Table Water Table Core Zone: Pre-monsoon : 16.85 m bgl Post-monsoon : 10.74 m bgl

11 Number of working days 280 Source: Approved Mining Plan with Progressive closure plan

2.4.1 ULTIMATE WORKING DEPTH

Removal of River sand

River sand excavation up to depth of 3.0 m by Excavators

River sand loaded on Truck/dumpers

River sand Area (Berach River)



The deposits occur in the middle/bottom of the river. During the entire lease period, the river sand will be excavated from the surface up to 3.0 m bgl or above the ground water level, whichever is earlier.

2.4.2 PRODUCTION DETAILS W.R.T BLOCK WISE Lease area consists of 450.89 Ha in khasra of 18 villages in a stretch of 50.0 km it is proposed to work in 03 blocks. Total block (A, B & C). It is proposed to work in 03 blocks and estimated based on Sp. Gravity 1.4 M3/Ton, maximum working depth 3.0 m from the river beds. Details given in below table 2.7:

Table No.: 2.7 Proposed Production Block Wise Year Block A

(Mineral in Ton)

Block B (Mineral in

Ton)

Block C (Mineral in

Ton)

Proposed production

Area in m2

Volume in m3

1st 75600 75600 75600 226800 18000 54000 2nd 75600 75600 75600 226800 18000 54000 3rd 75600 75600 75600 226800 18000 54000 4th 75600 75600 75600 226800 18000 54000 5th 75600 75600 75600 226800 18000 54000

Table No.: 2.8(a) Five years proposed production details (in block -A)

Year Area in m2 Thickness Volume Sp./gravity Mineral in ton 1st 18000 3.0 m 54000 1.4 75600 2nd 18000 3.0 m 54000 1.4 75600 3rd 18000 3.0 m 54000 1.4 75600 4th 18000 3.0 m 54000 1.4 75600 5th 18000 3.0 m 54000 1.4 75600

Table No.: 2.8(b) Five years proposed production details(in block -B)

Year Area in m2 Thickness Volume Sp./gravity Mineral in ton 1st 18000 3.0 m 54000 1.4 75600 2nd 18000 3.0 m 54000 1.4 75600 3rd 18000 3.0 m 54000 1.4 75600 4th 18000 3.0 m 54000 1.4 75600 5th 18000 3.0 m 54000 1.4 75600

Table No.: 2.8(c) Five years proposed production details (in block -C) Year Area in m2 Thickness Volume Sp./gravity Mineral in ton 1st 18000 3.0 m 54000 1.4 75600 2nd 18000 3.0 m 54000 1.4 75600 3rd 18000 3.0 m 54000 1.4 75600 4th 18000 3.0 m 54000 1.4 75600 5th 18000 3.0 m 54000 1.4 75600

Table No.: 2.9 Proposed Productions



S. No. Per year production Recovery (100%) 1 226800 226800 2 226800 226800 3 226800 226800 4 226800 226800 5 226800 226800

Total 1134000 1134000 Note: Bulk density is 1.40ton/m3

2.5 GENERAL FEATURES 2.5.1 TOPOGRAPHY

The area is marked by flat topography of igneous formation, which is surrounded by fine to coarse grained sandy soil overlying the River Sand deposit. 428 mRL is the lowest and 360 mRL is the highest RL in the River Berach Tehsil & district: Chittorgarh.

2.5.2 SURFACE DRAINAGE PATTERN It is a river bed mining project. The total lease area is located in the Berach river catchment/water shed area.

2.5.3 VEHICULAR TRAFFIC DENSITY The roads connect from the mine site to NH-79 & NH-76. These roads are wide enough to facilitate easy and smooth movement of heavy duty trucks. Movement of trucks after mineral loading will be towards both sides through approach roads connecting to tar road and then to NH-79 & NH-76 for destination. The National Highway has traffic density less than 5 trucks per hour. On these Highway trucks/trolleys ply regularly and these will easily accommodate additional dumper/tippers per hour.

2.5.4 TOWNSHIP Since this mining is intermittent and labour employed would be mostly from adjoining villages, no colony/township is proposed.

2.5.5 INFRASTRUCTURE The site services like temporary rest shelter, portable toilets, first aid box, and drinking water facilities will be provided to workers at the mine site.

2.5.6 POWER, WATER SUPPLY AND OTHER INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIREMENT POWER All the activities will be carried out only during day time. Hence, no power is required.

LAND The proposed river sand mining spreads in an area of 450.89 Ha, which is government land. WATER The water requirement in the mine is 3.0 KLD for mining activities, dust suppression, drinking purpose and greenbelt development. Water will be made available by the water tankers. The water balance in the proposed mining project is as follows:

Table No.: 2.10 Break-up of water Requirement



S. No. Activity Water requirement (in KLD) 1 Domestic Use 0.5 2 Plantation & Dust Suppression 2.5

Total 3.0

Fig No.: 2.5 Water Balance MINING MACHINERY All the mining machinery will be used belongs to contractor on hire basis. The mining will be done with the help of Excavators, Front End Loaders, and Dumpers etc.

Following equipment is proposed to be deployed for the desired production. Table No.: 2.11 List of machinery

S. No. Name of machinery Capacity Nos. 1 Excavators 0.9 to 1.2 cu.m 5 2 Tippers/ Trucks 20 tonnes 40 per day 3 Pay loader JCB - 5 4 Light vehicles - 1

WORKSHOP:

Mining will be semi mechanized so there is essential requirement of a work shop where loading and haulage machineries and equipment will be repair and maintained for regular and smooth working. FIRST –AID FACILITY: A first aid box with all necessary medicines will be kept all the times in the office building and nearby significant working areas for use as and when required

2.6 MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS The proposed mining activity is envisaged to improve the socio-economic condition on a micro-economic scale by generating local employment. M/s. SCIL will follow a

Water Requirement: 3.0 KLD Source – Water Tanker

Domestic use: 0.5 KLD Plantation & Dust Suppression 2.5 KLD

Septic Tank followed by Soak pit

0.4 KLD

Natural Percolation

Consumption 0.1 KLD



strict policy on recruiting locally available labor. The proposed project will generate direct employment to 21 personnel.

Table No.: 2.12 Employment Details S. No. Category Numbers

1 Manager- 1st or IInd class 1 2 Safety officer\Assistants 1 3 Mine foreman 1 4 Mine Mate 3 5 Semi skilled personnel 5 6 Un skilled personnel 10

Total 21 2.7 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

Efforts are being made to obtain all the statutory permissions of the mine. Mine lease has been granted with for a period of 5 years. The commencement of production with proposed capacity of 2.26 LTPA will start soon after obtaining Environmental Clearance from MoEF followed by CTE & CTO.

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CHAPTER-3 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

3.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SITES

Alternative sites are not selected as the proposed project is site specific. Auction for mining river sand has been processed as per Rajasthan Minor Mineral Concession (Amendment) Rules notified vides this Department Notification no. F.14 (1) Mines/ Gr.-II/ 2011 dated 23.05.2012 as per amendment of rule 7 “Provided that mining lease for mineral Bajri shall only be granted by way of tender or auction.”Hence, Mining lease auctioned by Department of Mines & Geology, Rajasthan to M/s Shiva Corporation (I) Ltd. Consequent upon the e-auction conducted by the state government under the provisions of RMMCR 1986 revised upto 2012, the letter of intent was granted vide Rajasthan State Government. The Honorable Apex Court of India in its order dated 25.11.2013, in SLP 34134, has granted interim relief for carrying out mining operation till the end of February 2014 to such holder of letter of intent who have submitted their application to the MoEF for clearance. The Honorable Supreme Court in its order dated 27-03-2014 has directed that the interim relief for carrying mining operation is extended till further hearing and passing of order.

3.1 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES Different methods of mining have been developed since mining had been started. With the development of the new technologies many advanced method have been adopted, yielding more extraction and least impacts on various environmental aspects such as land, air, water, noise, biodiversity. A well-known mitigating measure applied at various locations around the world is selecting sand mining method which will cause the least environmental damage. Conventionally the River Sand mining is carried out manually but in the present time semi- mechanized mining and pollution free mining method should be adopted. Mining methods should be adopted to facilitate the replenishment of the excavated pits during rainy season.

3.1.1 OPEN CAST MINING METHOD River Sand/Bajri Mining proves beyond doubt that semi-mechanized mining method are most economical, environmentally friendly and safe. In spite of handling of large volume of river sand the mine has no or negligible adverse impact on environment hence environment and ecology of the area remains undisturbed. Mining of the river sand does not require blasting or drilling as the mineral is loose in nature.

3.1.2 SELECTION OF MINING METHODOLOGY After the complete analysis of the technologies and the nature of the material to be extracted, mining will be done by semi mechanized open cast method, using light weight excavator sand directly loading in trucks and tractors. This is one of the most eco-friendly methods to minimize the impact of the mining on surrounding environment. Semi-Mechanized Method of Mining In contrast to the conventional manual method, the mining by deploying mechanical excavator including any other earth moving machines like J.C.B, Excavator, Pocklain, Loaders etc. in river or stream bed by the lease holder or permit holder or contractor as the case may be, is highly efficient and continuous process to win exorbitantly high



daily/annual targeted production in a scientific and safe manner in accordance with the approved mining plan. The approved mining plan also permits the use of earthmovers and loaders in riverbeds. The Rules 37L (3) of Chapter IV A of RMMCR, 1986 amended upto 2012 also states that in order to ensure optimum production with minimum waste generation, every lease/license/short–term permit holder shall endeavour to deploy machinery and equipment as per mining plan. Thus use of mining machinery is not prohibited under the RMMCR. Besides this the approved mine plan also entails semi – mechanized method of mining and speaks about the extent of mechanization to be followed for mining. The targeted annual production as per approved Terms of refrence is 2.26 LTPA which corresponds to 800tonne/day by mining in 3.0m deep and 20.0m wide benches. Man power required to achieve the targeted production will be around 21. If this daily production is to be achieved by manually more manpower required comparioson to semi machnized mining method. Besides this approximately 300 labours will be required at mine site for loading the sand into the trucks/trippers. CONCLUSION However, after analysis of the various factors the most environmentally compatible alternative will be selected. Selection of alternative may depend upon available technology, state policy objectives, social attitude, environmental and site constraints & project economics.

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CHAPTER-4 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

4.0 GENERAL This section contains the description of baseline studies of the 10 km radius of the study area. The data collected has been used to define the existing environment scenario around the proposed project against which the potential impacts of the project has been assessed. The data collected has been used to understand the existing environment scenario around the proposed mining project against which the potential impacts of the proposed project can be assessed. The baseline data collection was carried out to understand following environmental parameters.

· Land Environment · Meteorology · Air Environment · Noise Environment · Water Environment · Soil Environment · Biological Environment · Socio-economic Environment

STUDY AREA The study area is taken in accordance with the provisions of sector specific EIA guidance manual for Mining of Minerals manual published by Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), during 2010.The study area for the proposed sand mining is as follows: § The proposed project area (Mine lease area) is considered as ‘Core Zone’ § 10 km. radius from the boundary limits of the mine lease area is considered

as ‘Buffer Zone’ The mine site is located in Revenue villages of Tehsil & District: Chittorgarh, Rajasthan.

Table No.: 4.1 Environmental setting of the study area

1.

General Particular i Latitude (N)

Longitude (E) 25°46’25.1” N to 25°11’8.9” N 74°32’6.11” E to 74° 57’13.2” E

ii Study area 10 km

iii Tehsil Chittorgarh iv Village 18 Revenue Villages of Chittorgarh

tehsil v District Chittorgarh

2.

Total No. of House Hold: 65558 (Core & Buffer Area) i Total Population 305295

a) Male 155817

b) Female 149478



ii. Total Literate 184081 a) Male 110168 b) Female 73913 3.

Climatology i Average rainfall (Max

in mm) Nil

ii Temperature (Max) 34.6 ºC iii Temperature (Min) 7.6ºC iv Relative Humidity (At

08:30 hrs) 56-83%

v Relative Humidity (At 17:30 hrs)

25-38%

vii Dominant Wind Direction

North-East

Source: Demography Data-Census, 2011 & IMD STUDY PERIOD

The baseline environmental quality represents the background scenario of various environmental components in the study area.

· As part of Environmental Impact Assessment Study, Baseline Environmental Monitoring was carried out for Post-monsoon season covering the months of October-November-December 2013.

Table No.: 4.2 Test Methodologies for Environmental Monitoring and Testing S.

No. Parameter Test Method Range

Instrument used

Model and Make of instrument

01 PM10

IS 5182 (Part-23) 2006,Gravimetric CPCB Guidelines for Ambient Air Monitoring

5 to 1000 µg/m3

RDS (Respirable Dust Sampler)

APM 460BL (Envirotech)

02 PM2.5 Fine Particulate Matter FPM 550

Gravimetric Gravimetric

03 SO2 IS 5182 (Part-II) 2001,Reaff.2006

5 to 100 µg/m3 Gas sampler

APM411 (Envirotech) AAS109 (Ecotech)

04 NOx IS 5182 (Part-VI) 2006

6.0 to 100 µg/m3 Gas sampler

APM411 (Envirotech) AAS109 (Ecotech)

05 Noise

IS 9876 – 1981and manufactures Manual

30 – 130dB(A)

Sound Level Meter

SLM 100 (Envirotech)

06 Weather Monitoring

- Rainfall: 0.25mm -

Weather monitor

AWM (Ecotech)



(Air temperature – MAX & MIN, Max RH, Min RH, Wind Speed, Wind direction, Rainfall, Air pressure,

100mm / hr. Air pressure: 350 mb - 950mb

07 Drinking Water Testing

IS 10500:2012, IS 3025 Various Parts

-

- -

08 Soil Testing

Ref: Soil Chemical Analysis by M.L. Jackson Flame Photomer

- - -



Fig No.: 4.1 Topographical Map of the study Area

4.1 LAND ENVIRONMENT

Land Cover is the physical material at the surface of the earth (it include grass, asphalt, trees, bare ground, water, etc.) whereas Land use is the human use of land. Land Use involves the management and modification of natural environment or



wilderness into built environment such as fields, pastures, and settlements. It has also been defined as "the arrangements, activities and inputs people undertake in a certain land cover type to produce, change or maintain it". Studies on land use aspects of eco-system play an imperative role in identifying susceptible issues and to take appropriate action to uphold ecological equilibrium in the region. The main objective of this section is to provide a baseline status of the study area covering 10 km radius around the mining lease so that temporal changes due to the mining activities on the surroundings can be assessed in future.

4.1.1 OBJECTIVE The objectives of land use studies are:

· To develop land use & land cover map using land coordinates of the project area.

· To identify and mark important basic features according primary and secondary data.

· To suggest measures for conservation and sustainable use of land. 4.1.2 METHODOLOGY

§ Preliminary/ Primary Data Collection of the Study Area. § Satellite data procurement from NRSC Hyderabad. § Secondary Data Collection from Authorized Bodies. § Survey of India Toposheet (SOI) 45K/12, 45K/16, 45L/5, 45L/9, 45L/10,

45L/13 on 1:50,000 scale. § Cadastral / Khasra Map. § GPS Coordinates of Mining Lease area. § Processing of satellite data using ERDAS Imagine 9.2 and prepare the land

use &land cover maps (e.g. Forest, agriculture, settlements, wasteland, water bodies etc.) by digital image processing (dip) techniques.

§ Geo-Referencing of the Survey of India Toposheet. § Geo-Referencing of Satellite Imagery with the help of Geo-Referenced

Toposheets. § Enhancement of the Satellite Imagery. § Base Map Layer Creation (Roads, Railway, Village Names and others

Secondary data etc). § Data Analysis § Ground Truth Studies or Field Verification. § Error Fixing / Reclassification. § Final Map Generation. § Recommendation

A number of satellite data are available in various forms in the country. We have selected False Color Composite data of Indian Remote Sensing Satellite. The data area procured from National Remote Sensing Company situated at Hyderabad. First of all a geo-referenced base map was created using Survey of India’s topographical sheet on 1:50,000 scale. All permanent features like Roads, Railway lines, canals and location of villages were marked on the map. Than lease area were also marked on it. In second step, false color composite of satellite data were superimposed on it and physical feature which were marked on base map were matched. Once the



features were perfectly matched, the interpretation starts. There is a scientific process to interpret/analyze satellite data which is presented in flow diagram. Using such technique the image was interpreted and land use map of the study area was prepared.

4.1.3 LAND USE PATTERN The study area of 10 km around the lease area is considered in the land use pattern study. For computation of the land use pattern in the study area ERDAS IMAGINE-9.2, Arc GIS and AUTO CADD software are used. The geographical area of all settlements covered within the study area is considered. The land use is classified into 13 classes - viz. Settlement, forest area, road, railway track, water bodies, agricultural land, park plantation, Nalah, scrub land. The land use of the study area is given below:-



Fig No.: 4.2 Land Use/Land Cover Map

Table No.: 4.4 Land use /Land Cover Class distribution



S. No. Class Area (Ha.) Area (%) 1. Settlements 4373.08 3.85 2. Road 474.62 0.42 3. Railway line 91.91 0.08 4. Wild animal sanctuary 355.85 0.31 5. Water body/water logged area 1923.22 1.69 6. Hindusthan zoinc limited 171.82 0.15 7. Birla cement works 85.08 0.07 8. Rocky area 391.75 0.34 9. Open scrub land 14768.69 12.99 10. Mine Lease Area/ Quarry land 959.82 0.84 11. Industrial area 224.14 0.20 12. Agriculture Area 74273.24 65.31 13. Forest Area 15628.96 13.74 Total 113722.19 100

Note: Based on interpretation of satellite data

The above table reveals that area is well endowed by agricultural land. It covers 65.31% of total geographical area. Second largest area is under forest. It is 13.74% followed by open scrub i.e. 12.99%, it is also covered with vegetative cover and by putting some efforts can be brought under cultivation. Bassi wildlife sanctuary which covers an area of 355.85 falls in 10.0 km radius. The area falls under sub humid region hence 1923.22 Ha of area is under different type of water bodies. Overall the area is productive from agricultural point of view and vegetative cover.

4.1.4 TOPOGRAPHY The proposed area is a river bed which is gentle sloping. The elevation in the area varies from 428-360 mRL. The surrounding area is devoid of any thick vegetation except for patched agricultural lands. The Berach River flows from S-W to N-E direction. The alluvial ground surface overlying river sand some distance away from the river bed is under cultivation. River is non Perennial River and it turns only in rainy season and almost dry in summer. Berach river Basin has a catchment area of 1225 km2 mostly in Chittorgarh district. Its main river Berach originates in the hills North-East of Udaipur city. It flows northeast for about 157 km in Udaipur, Chittorgarh and Bhilwara district before joining the Banas near Bigod village in Mandalgarh Tehsil of Bhilwara district. Its main tributaries are Ayar, Wagli Wagon, Gambhiri and Orai.

Table No.: 4.5 Slope Ratios Highest elevation 428 mRL Lowest elevation 360 mRL Difference 428-360 = 68 mRL River Length 25.5 km Slope Ratio 2.66 m



Fig No.: 4.3 Slope Map of River Sand Area 4.1.5 SEISMICITY OF THE AREA



The study area comes under Zone-II. The Seismic Zone Map of Rajasthan is given below Figure No.: 4.4.

Figure No.: 4.4 Seismic Zone Map of Rajasthan

4.2. PHYSIOGRAPHY & DRAINAGE PATTERN I. PHYSIOGRAPHY

The area is marked by flat topography of igneous formation, which is surrounded by fine- grained loamy soil overlying the river sand deposit. The Berach & Gambiri River originates in Udaipur district and enters Chittaurgarh through Rashmi tehsil. It passes through Somi, Sankhli, Pahunia, and Unchkia villages. The Berach River flows from South to North-East direction in this Tehsil Rashmi. The alluvial ground surface area overlying River Sand some distance away from the river bed is under cultivation. River is non Perennial River and it runs only in rainy season and almost dry in summer. Water bodies of very less dimension and shallow in depth may be visible in the river bed due to construction of some small check dams. In some part of river boulders and exposure of basement rock is also visible. Soils of the district are classified as follows: CLAY LOAM OR MEDIUM BLACK:

This type of soil is found in the hilly areas in the central parts of the district. LOAM: This type of soil is found in the entire district. SAND AND SANDY LOAM:

This type of soil is found mostly near the banks of rivers and nallahs. LOAM PEBBLY & STONY:



These types of soils are met within the hilly areas of the eastern blocks of the district.

Fig No.: 4.5 Soil Cover Map

4.2.1 SOIL ANALYSIS To understand the soil characteristics and best utility, the sampling of soils was done at 6 locations during the study periods. The samples were examined for various physical and chemical parameters. The present studies on the soil quality establish the baseline characteristics and identifies the incremental concentrations if any. The objective of the sampling is:

· To determine the baseline soil characteristics; · To monitor the impact on soil (pollutant deposition/other) in long run.

Soil sample was collected from the proposed river sand area and nearby areas. Location of soil sampling is shown in table no. 4.6.

4.2.1.1 SOIL QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS



For studying soil quality of the region 6 samples (including core & buffer) were collected, description of the same as follows:

Table No.: 4.6 Location of soil sampling

S. No. Area Description Sample Code

Distance from Mining lease area


1 Core Zone A Bherido SQ1 0.1 North B Sunwaniya SQ2 0.4 North C Chittorgarh Urban SQ3 0.5 South 2 Buffer Zone A Barkhera SQ4 8.3 North-East B Unkhliya SQ5 8.0 North-South C Pandoli SQ6 5.6 West

Fig No.: 4.6 Topographical Map Showing Monitoring Locations

4.2.1.2 MONITORING RESULTS



Table No.: 4.7 SOIL ANALYSIS RESULTS

Parameter

Unit

Bherido

Sunwaniya Chittorgarh

Urban Barkhera Unkhliya Pandoli pH (1:5 suspension) - 8.39 8.58 8.49 8.42 8.41 8.48 Electrical Conductivity at 25OC (1:5suspension.)

µS/cm

2009 2019 203 2008 2021 2256

Calcium (as Ca) mg/kg 1125 1140 1126 1131 1143 1134 Magnesium(as Mg) mg/kg 68.61 68.84 68.64 68.62 68.82 68.77 Sodium (as Na) mg/kg 180 181.4 180.6 181.0 180.8 180.5 Potassium(as K) mg/kg 72.61 72.84 72.64 72.65 72.71 72.69 Water holding Capacity

% by mass

44.88 44.99 44.96 44.86 44.98 44.94

Porosity % by mass

36.25 36.42 36.24 36.26 36.40 36.32

Sand % by mass

54.64 54.85 54.55 54.69 54.77 54.71

Clay % by mass

6.39 6.56 6.38 6.49 6.52 6.48

Silt % by mass

39.11 39.23 39.07 39.09 39.21 39.18

Cation Exchange Capacity

Meq/100gm

6.10 6.19 6.08 6.09 6.19 6.17

Sodium Absorption Ratio

- 4.94 4.98 4.89 4.84 5.01 4.99

Nitrogen % by mass

0.077 0.081 0.078 0.071 0.084 0.081

Phosphorus(P2O5) mg/kg 19.41 19.52 19.32 19.39 19.53 19.49 Zinc (Zn) mg/kg 3.58 3.71 3.56 3.64 3.68 3.63 Bulk Density gm /cc 1.479 1.491 1.465 1.488 1.485 1.481 Organic Matter %by

Mass 0.42 0.49 0.53 0.56 0.54 0.51

Source: Environmental Monitoring Report

4.2.1.3 CONCLUSION

The soil analysis results are presented in above table. The result obtained is compared with the standard soil classification as given in Agriculture soil limits. 6 numbers of soil samples have been collected within study area and analyzed for physical and chemical properties. Samples collected from identified locations indicate pH value ranging from 8.39 to 8.58, which shows that the soil is alkaline in nature. Organic Matter ranges from 0.42% to 0.56% in the soil samples.

4.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT The study area falls in notified zone as per Central Ground Water Department (Source: CGWA Report) Chittorgarh district falls in parts of Chambal (27%), Mahi (21%) and Banas (52%) basins. The drainage system is well developed and



drainage density varies from 0.3 to 1.0 per kmIt enters the district near Gandhi Sagar and flows towards NE for about 50.0 km and then enters into Kota district. The other main rivers are Banas, Gambhiri, Gujjali, Bamani, Berach, Jakham and Wagon. The Banas River originates at Kumbhalgarh and enters district Chittorgarh tSankhli, Pahunia, and Unchkia villages. The Gambhiri River originating in Madhya Pradesh flowing through Nimbhahera and Chittorgarh tehsils joins Berach River. It passes through villages of Khor, Myara and Sart

4.3.1 GROUND WATER Ground water resources availability, utilization stage of development in is summarized as under:

Table No.: 4.8 Ground water resources and development potential of

S. No. 1 Net ground water availability2 Annual ground water draft

A Irrigation B Industrial uses

3 Allocation For domestic and industrial uses upto 20254 Ground Water Availability for future irrigation

development 5 Stage of ground Water Development (%)

*Source: Central Ground Water Board 2006

Fig No.: 4.7 Ground Water Recharge versus Gross Draft



drainage density varies from 0.3 to 1.0 per km2. Chambal is the only perennial river. t near Gandhi Sagar and flows towards NE for about 50.0 km and

then enters into Kota district. The other main rivers are Banas, Gambhiri, Gujjali, Bamani, Berach, Jakham and Wagon. The Banas River originates at Kumbhalgarh and enters district Chittorgarh through Rashmi tehsil. It passes through Somi, Sankhli, Pahunia, and Unchkia villages. The Gambhiri River originating in Madhya Pradesh flowing through Nimbhahera and Chittorgarh tehsils joins Berach River. It passes through villages of Khor, Myara and Sarthal Tai etc.

Ground water resources availability, utilization stage of development in is

Table No.: 4.8 Ground water resources and development potential of Chittorgarh district

Particulars

Net ground water availability Annual ground water draft

Allocation For domestic and industrial uses upto 2025 Ground Water Availability for future irrigation

Stage of ground Water Development (%) *Source: Central Ground Water Board 2006

Fig No.: 4.7 Ground Water Recharge versus Gross Draft

2015


. Chambal is the only perennial river. t near Gandhi Sagar and flows towards NE for about 50.0 km and

then enters into Kota district. The other main rivers are Banas, Gambhiri, Gujjali, Bamani, Berach, Jakham and Wagon. The Banas River originates at Kumbhalgarh

hrough Rashmi tehsil. It passes through Somi, Sankhli, Pahunia, and Unchkia villages. The Gambhiri River originating in Madhya Pradesh flowing through Nimbhahera and Chittorgarh tehsils joins Berach River. It

Ground water resources availability, utilization stage of development in is

Table No.: 4.8 Ground water resources and development potential of

Details

39,439ham --

54,741 ham 1,436 ham 6,563 ham

-21,865

142



Fig No.: 4.8 Drainage Map of Study Area



Fig No.: 4.9 Hydrogeology of Chittorgarh district

4.3.1.1GROUNDWATER SCENARIO GEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK The geological set-up of the district is represented by various igneous and meta-sedimentary rocks. Bhilwara super group of Archean age comprising of Shale, Phyllite, Slate, Limestone, Marble, Schist, Quartzite etc prevail in north-eastern part of the district. Meta-sedimentary rocks belonging to Vindhyan super group are exposed in central and northeastern part. Deccan Traps are exposed in southern part while thin mantle of alluvium occurs along river courses and stream channels. HYDRO-GEOLOGICAL CONDITION Groundwater occurs under unconfined condition in saturated zone of rock formation. Its occurrence is controlled by topography, physiography and structural features of the geological formations. The movement of the groundwater in hard rock areas is governed by size, openness, interconnection and continuity of structural weak planes while in unconsolidated rocks, ground water movement takes places through pore space between grains. GROUNDWATER IN BHILWARA SUPER GROUP



• Granite-Gneiss and Schist: These aquifers occur predominantly in

Pratapgarh tehsil. Few intrusives are also found which have low permeability. Groundwater is retained in weathered zones, fractures joints etc. Depth to open wells tapping this aquifer ranges from 3 to 24m. Yield of wells

varies from 6m3/day to 48m

3/day. The depth to water level in the area tapping

this aquifer ranges from 2m to 12m. Saturated thickness tapped in most wells ranges from less than 1m to 6m.

· Slates Phyllite and Schist: These aquifer occur predominantly towards north of Pratapgarh tehsil. Groundwater occurs under water table condition and is mostly tapped by dug wells. Depth of wells ranges from 8m to 15m. The depth to water level ranges from 3m to 8m bgl. Yield of wells ranges from 6 to

12m3/day. Thickness of water column in most of the wells ranges from 0.50m

to 6.0m · Quartzite: The water-bearing unit of quartzite is highly fractured and jointed.

Intercalation of slates and phyllites is common. The depth of wells ranges from 7m to 16m. The depth to water level ranges from 4m to 14mbgl. Yield of wells varies from 30m3/day to 150m3/day. Saturated thickness in wells varies from 4m to 6m.

GROUNDWATER IN VINDHYANS · Sandstone: The vindhyan sandstone, which is jointed and fractured, occurs

in small pockets around Madhura Tala village. This aquifer is tapped by open wells ranging in depth from 6m to 12m. The depth to water level varies

from 4 to 9m bgl. Yield of wells ranges from 10 to 150m3/day. Thickness of

the water column ranges from 1m to5m. · Shales: Shales intercalated with calcareous material generally forms poor

aquifer. Depth of open wells ranges from 6m to 18m. Depth to water level range from 5m to 10m bgl. Deep water level condition occurs towards north of Pratapgarh. Thickness of water column ranges from 0.80 to 5.50m. Yield test

show specific capacity of wells is of the order of 0.181m3/min/m and optimum

yield is 0.06m3

/min. GROUNDWATER IN DECCAN TRAPS

Basalts as aquifer occur in southern part of the district. The groundwater occurs under water table condition and is exploited by open wells. · Compact Basalt: The wells tapping this aquifer occur near Gyaspur, Nikor, Kunnaiy and Jokhera villages. Depth of wells ranges from 3 to 18m. Depth to water level ranges from 2m to 15m,bgl. Yield of wells ranges from 6 to

200m3/day. Thickness of water column ranges from 0.50m to 8.0m. Sp capacity

of wells ranges from 0.015m3/min/m to 0.051m

3/min/m. Optimum yield of wells

ranges from 0.1.m3/min to 0.015m

3/min.

· Weathered Basalt: Groundwater in weathered zone of basalts occurs under unconfined condition. The aquifer occurs near Pilu, Pratapgarh, Dalot and Ambirana villages. It is tapped by open wells ranging in depth from 3 to 22m.



Yield of wells ranges from 6 to 250 m3/day. The thickness of water column

ranges from 1m to 10m. Sp capacity of wells ranges from 0.08 to

0.14m3/min/m and optimum yield ranges from 0.018 to 0.081m

3/min.

· Vesicular Basalt: Groundwater in vesicular zone of basalt occurs near Rampur, Thikriya, Arnod, and Chota semlia villahes. Depth of wells ranges from 4m to 18m. The depth to water level ranges from 5m to 20m,bgl. Yield of

wells ranges from 6 to 200m3/day. Thickness of water column ranges from

0.50m to 9,0m. Sp capacity of dug wells ranges from 0.074 to 0.138m3/min/m

and optimum yield varies from 0.026 to 0.073 m3/min

· Alluvium: Alluvium occurs overlying the weathered hard rock formation. It has limited thickness and aerial extension. It is confined to riverbeds and riverbanks. The depth to water level is less than 10m bgl near river courses but exceeds 25m in other areas.

4.3.1.2 AQUIFER TYPES The area has been found to be occupied by thin layer of black colour silty soil followed by limestone & at some places shale also occur. Ground water generally occur in water table conditions and is transmitted through the fractures, joints, bedding planes and solution cavities of limestone and fracture and cleavage plane of shale.

4.3.1.3 GEOMORPHOLOGY & DRAINAGE Geomorphologically, the district has been divided into eight geomorphic units namely structural plain, structural hills, structural ridge and valley, denudational ridge and valley, plain and plateau on Deccan Trap (DT), highly dissected pediment and dissected pediment. The pediment area are seen in the Western part where as structural plain (on the Vidhyans) are present in the Eastern part, Two hydrological domain (of fissured formation on hilly area) with ground water potential ranging from <1 to 5LPS. Natural Hazard includes mainly water erosion which is moderate, severe and very severe in the district. Geomorphological Map of the district is presented in Figure No. 4.10. The district is characterized by undulating topography. The Western, Southern and Northern parts are generally plain area. Hills are scattered in Chhoti Sadri, Bari Sadri and Pratapgarh tehsils. Hill ranges towards east of Chittaurgarh town runs North-South with intervening valleys parallel to each other.

Fig No.: 4.10 Depth to water level in Chittorgarh district



4.3.2 WATER QUALITY The selected water quality parameters of ground water and surface water resources within 10 km radius of the study area have been studied for assessing the hydrological environment to evaluate anticipated impact of the mine. It also assists to identify critical issues, and to suggest appropriate mitigation measures for implementation. The purpose of the study is to: · Assess the water quality characteristics for critical parameters; · Evaluate the impact on agricultural productivity, habitat conditions recreational

resources and aesthetics in the vicinity; and · Predict the likely impacts on water quality due to the project and related activities.

4.3.3 WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS 6 Water samples were collected as grab samples separating the whole study area and

were analyzed for various parameters. 5 Ground Water & 1 Surface Water collected from the study area. The monitoring is done during the post-monsoon season i.e. October-November-December, 2013. The analyzed results were compared with the standards for drinking water as per IS: 10500:2012. The water sampling locations are listed below in Table 4.9 & Monitoring results in Table 4.10:

Table 4.9 Water Sampling Locations S.

No. Area Description Sample Code



1 Core Zone A Bherido WQ1 0.1 North B Sunwaniya WQ2 0.4 North C Chittorgarh Urban WQ3 0.5 South

2 Buffer Zone A Barkhera WQ4 8.3 North-East B Unkhliya WQ5 8.0 North-South

C Gambhiri River ( Near Village Bherido)

SW1 1.5

North

4.3.4 MONITORING RESULTS

Table No.: 4.10 Water Monitoring Results

Parameter

Requirement (Desirable Limit) (As per BIS 10500:2012)

Permissible limit in the Absence of Alternate source (As per BIS 10500:2012)

Location and Source of Water Sample GW1 (GW2) (GW3) (GW4) (GW5) SW1

Bherido Sunwaniya Chittorgarh Urban

Barkhera (Unkhliya Gambhiri river

( Near Village

Bherido) Colour 5 15 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Odour Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Taste Agreeable - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Turbidity 1 5 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 pH value 6.5-8.5 - 7.42 7.51 7.41 7.47 7.46 7.85 Total dissolve solid ( TDS)

500 2000 669.0 656.0 760.0 815.45 836.0 865.0

Aluminum (as Al)

0.03 0.2 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

Total Ammonia

0.5 No

Relaxation BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

Anionic 0.2 1.0 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL



surface Detergents(as MBAS) Barium (as Ba)

0.7 No


Boron (as B) 0.5 1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Calcium (as Ca)

75 200 20.34 25.60 28.25 32.33 37.31 40.45

Chloramines (as Cl2)

4.0 No


Chloride (as Cl)

250 1000 112.40 136.54 154.40 182.10 198.20 222.72

Copper (as Cu)

0.05 1.5 <0.09 <0.11 <0.050 <0.80 <0.08 <0.07

Fluoride (as F)

1.0 1.5 0.65 0.56 0.34 0.98 1.25 1.30

Free Residual Chlorine


Iron (as Fe) 0.3

No Relaxation

0.08 0.095 0.106 0.160 0.175 0.190

Magnesium (as Mg)

30 100 10.30 11.72 13.84 16.70 21.67 22.66

Manganese (as Mn)


Nitrate (as NO3)

45 No

Relaxation 5.96 6.90 7.90 8.94 10.24 16.42

Selenium (as Se)

0.01 No

Relaxation <0.02 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Silver (as Ag) 0.1

No Relaxation

BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

Sulphate (as SO4)

200 400 12.22 14.12 16.32 21.40 26.38 38.45

Sulphide(as H2S)

0.05 No


Alkalinity ( as Ca CO3)

200 600 184.9 164.9 184.9 224.4 248.6 263.7

Total Hardness (as CaCO3)

200 600 163.8 150.6 174.4 210.7 224.0 240.2

Zinc (as Zn) 5.0 15 0.099 0.450 1.298 1.45 1.36 1.64 Cadmium (as Cd)

0.003 No


Cyanide (as CN)

0.05 No


Lead ( as Pb) 0.01

No Relaxation

BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

Mercury (as Hg)

0.001 No


Nickel (as Ni)

0.02 No


Arsenic (as As)


Total Chromium (as Cr)

0.05 No


Coliform Bacteria

Absent/100ml

-- Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent

E.Coli Absent/100ml

-- Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent

4.3.5 CONCLUSION



The analysis results indicate that the pH ranges from 7.41 to 7.85 of study area. The TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) was found in the range 656mg/L to 836.0mg/L for ground water and 865.0mg/l for surface water (Gambhiri River). It is seen that the physico-chemical analysis of other parameters like chloride, calcium, magnesium, nitrate and fluoride were found within desirable limit of IS (10500:2012).

4.4 AIR ENVIRONMENT In order to identify the background air quality data and also represent the interference from various local activities, screening techniques have been used for identification of air quality stations in the study area. Ambient Air Quality of the study area has been assessed through a network of 6 AAQ locations.

4.4.1 METEOROLOGY Air borne pollutants are dispersed by atmospheric motion. Knowledge of these motions, which range in scale from turbulent diffusion to long-range transport by weather systems, is essential to simulate such dispersion and quality of impacts of air pollution on the environment. Meteorology influences the way air pollution is dispersed, including wind direction and wind speed, type of terrain and heating effects The purpose of EIA provides an opportunity to identify and compute the short term maximum pollutant concentrations likely to encounter at fixed locations (Know as the receptor), due to the given sources (locations and rates of emission known), under the prevailing site specific atmospheric conditions. Meteorology data has been collected from the IMD, Jaipur for Udaipur station.

4.4.2 CLIMATOLOGY The climate of Chittorgarh is generally dry being hilly terrain. The average temperature during summer is 21.7oC and during winters it is 11.2oC. The average rainfall is 760mm. 95% of the annual rains are experienced during South-West monsoon (June to September). The average rainy days in a year is about 33 days. The humidity is generally at 20% or low and it is only during South-West monsoon that humidity goes up to 70%. The wind blows at low velocity except during summer and monsoon when hard and turbulent winds are experienced. As per the long term climatological observations the Wind direction is North-East to South-West in summer and winter experience Northern and North-West winds.

SEASONS For the Study area, India Meteorological Department (IMD) broadly divides the year into four seasons given below:

Season Months Winter January to February

Pre-monsoon March to May Monsoon June to September

Post Monsoon October to November 4.4.3 SITE SPECIFIC MICRO METROLOGICAL DATA

The micro metrological data was collected from IMD, Jaipur for Udaipur Station. The percentage frequencies of wind in 16 directions have been computed from the IMD



data of the study period October-November-December 2013 (Post Monsoon). The summary of the metrological data is given below in table 4.11.

Table No.: 4.11 Micro meteorological data for the study period at Mining site

Month Temp (°C) Relative Humidity (%) Rainfall

(in mm)

Average wind speed

m/s Max. Min. 08:30 hrs. 17:30 hrs

October 2013 34.6. 15.8 49-68 % 19-33% 0.0 1.33

November 2013

30.6 10.1 56-82% 24-37% 0.0 1.17

December 2013 29.9 7.6 30-85% 19-70% 0.0 1.22

4.4.4 WIND ROSE

A wind rose is a graphic tool used by meteorologist to give a succinct view of how wind speed and direction are typically distributed at a particular location. Wind velocity is a measure of wind speed and direction. It is one of the most important meteorological parameters and governs dispersion, diffusion and transportation of pollutants to the atmosphere. Wind rose is the diagrammatic representation of wind speed in a specified direction with its arms representing sixteen direction, each arms give a clear frequency distribution of wind speed in a particular direction for a given period of time. The percentage frequencies of wind in 16 directions have been computed from the recorded data during the study period (Oct-Nov-Dec, 2013) for 24 hourly intervals to plot wind rose. The predominant wind direction during this study period is observed to be blowing from NE to SW. Wind speeds during this period average 1.24m/s. Calm wind during this period 34.53%. The summary of wind pattern is given below of the study period.



Fig No.: 4.11 Wind Rose Diagram for (24 Hrs.)

Table 4.12 Frequency Distribution (24 hr.) S.No Directions/ Wind

Classes (m/s) 0.5- 2.1 2.1 - 3.6 3.6- 5.7 5.7- 8.8 8.8 -

11.1 >= 11.1 Total (%)

1 348.75 - 11.25 6.57298 3.26383 0.09066 0 0 0 9.92297 2 11.25 - 33.75 0.45331 1.35993 0 0 0 0 1.81242 3 33.75 - 56.25 9.06618 10.4714 0.81596 0 0 0 20.3444 4 56.25 - 78.75 0.67996 0.90662 0 0 0 0 1.58586 5 78.75 - 101.25 1.35993 1.63191 0 0 0 0 2.99048 6 101.25 - 123.75 0.54397 0.81596 0 0 0 0 1.35931 7 123.75 - 146.25 0.13599 1.04261 0 0 0 0 1.17807 8 146.25 - 168.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 168.75 - 191.25 0.27199 1.67724 0 0 0 0 1.94835 10 191.25 - 213.75 0.27199 0.45331 0 0 0 0 0.72497 11 213.75 - 236.25 1.81324 0.54397 0 0 0 0 2.35614 12 236.25 - 258.75 0.13599 0 0 0 0 0 0.13593 13 258.75 - 281.25 7.75159 2.22121 0 0 0 0 9.96828 14 281.25 - 303.75 0.13599 0 0 0 0 0 0.13593 15 303.75 - 326.25 7.84225 3.12783 0 0 0 0 10.9651



16 326.25 - 348.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sub-Total 37.0186 27.5034 0.90621 0 0 0 65.4282

Calms 34.5265 Missing/Incomplete 0.04531

Total 100

Fig No.: 4.12 Wind Class Frequency Distribution

4.4.5 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY (AAQ) 4.4.5 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY (AAQ)

Prevailing air environment i.e. base line conditions in an area is primarily governed by the different activities going on in that area including industrial, agricultural, domestic and commercial activities. The pollutant concentrations in the atmosphere is also governed by the meteorology, topography, natural settings in terms of plantation, forest cover, vegetation etc. as these factors in combination with each other are responsible for dispersion, diffusion, transportation and assimilation of pollutants in the local air shed. (i) METHOD OF MONITORING The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has published comprehensive document on emission testing regulations (Emission Regulations Part-3, 1985). There are a number of useful additional procedures and expressions that are of relevance to measurement of stack emissions, which are recommended to supplement the CPCB procedures.



(ii) FREQUENCY AND PARAMETERS FOR SAMPLING The ambient air monitoring was carried out at the frequency of two days per week at all locations during one complete season.

Table No.: 4.13 Monitored Parameters and Frequency of Sampling Parameters Sampling Frequency

PM10 24 hourly sample twice a week

PM2.5 24 hourly sample twice a week

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) 24 hourly samples twice a week Oxides of Nitrogen (NO2) 24 hourly samples twice a week

Carbon Monoxide (CO) 8 hourly for 24 hrs sample twice a week 4.4.6 AIR QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS

The baseline status of the air quality in the study area was assessed though a scientifically designed ambient air quality monitoring network. The selection of monitoring network was based on the following aspects: a) Topography/terrain of the study area. b) Populated area within the study area. c) Residential and sensitive areas within the study area. d) Magnitude of the surrounding industries. e) Representation of regional background levels.

4.4.6 AIR QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS The baseline status of the air quality in the study area was assessed though a scientifically designed Ambient Air Quality Monitoring network. The selection of monitoring network was based on the following aspects: a) Topography / terrain of the study area. b) Populated area within the study area. c) Residential and sensitive areas within the study area. d) Magnitude of the surrounding industries. e) Representation of regional background levels.

Table No.: 4.15 Summary of Air Quality Monitoring Results

S. No.

Pollutant Location No of

Observation Max. Min. Avg. 98%ile

CPCB Standard

1

PM2.5 (µg/m3)

Bherido 24 79.64 68.51 74.07 79.09 100 Sunwaniya 79.55 68.45 74.0 79.35 Chittorgarh Urban

79.88 68.55 73.9 79.27

Barkhera 79.25 68.23 73.85 79.21 Unkhliya 79.68 68.26 74.07 79.74 Pandoli 79.98 68.59 74.00 78.54

2 PM2.5 (µg/m3)


44.99 43.21 43.99 44.09

Barkhera 46.44 42.44 43.45 45.51



4.4.7 RESULT AND CONCLUSION

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring reveals that the concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2 & CO for all the 6 AAQM stations were found within prescribed limit. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring reveals that the concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 for all the 6 AAQM stations were found between 68.23 to 79.98µg/m3 and 42.44 to 48.97µg/m3 respectively. As far as the gaseous pollutants SO2 and NO2 are concerned, the prescribed CPCB limit of 80µg/m3 has never surpassed at any station. The concentration of SO2 was found in range of 12.02 to 17.98µg/m3. The concentration of NO2 was found in range of 24.02 to 32.99µg/m3. The concentration of CO was found in range of 0.52 -0.77mg/ m3.

4.4.8 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR AIR QUALITY MONITORING Table No.: 4.16 Methods Adopted For PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2 & CO

S. No. Parameters Instrument Method Method of Analysis

1. PM10 Respirable Dust Sampler and High Volume air sampler

BIS 5182 Part IV-1973 (Average flow rate not to be less than 1.1 m3/ minute)

Gravimetric

2. PM2.5 Fine Particulate Matter

Gravimetric Gravimetric

Unkhliya 48.69 47.21 48.06 47.71 Pandoli 48.97 47.02 48.04 47.99

3 SO2 (µg/m3)


17.87 12.05 15.00 17.54


4 NO2

(µg/m3) Bherido 24 32.68 24.33 28.46 32.54 80 Sunwaniya 32.69 24.03 28.41 32.59 Chittorgarh Urban

32.59 24.03 28.39 32.11


5 CO (mg/m3)


0.77 0.52 0.64 0.76




3. Sulphur Dioxide

Respirable Dust Sampler and High Volume air sampler

BIS 5182 Part II-1969 Improved West & Gaeke method (Pararosaniline method)

Calorimetric Ultraviolet fluorescence

4 Nitrogen Oxides

Respirable Dust Sampler and High Volume air sampler

BIS 5182 Part IV-1973 Jacob & Hochheiser modified (na-Arsentine method)

Calorimetric Gas phase Chemiluminescence

5 Carbon Monoxide

By Electro Chemical Sensor

-- Non Depressive Infrared (NDIR) Spectroscopy

4.4.9 MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION FOR PM10

4.4.9 MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION FOR PM10 RSPM is “defined as the component of inhaled respirable dust small enough to reach the pulmonary or alveolar region of the lung”.

Table No.: 4.17 MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION OF PM10, (POST MONSOON SEASON)

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommended permissible exposure limit (PEL) for free silica is 50µg/m3 as a time-weighted average (TWA) for up to a 10-hr workday during a 40-hr workweek.

4.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT Noise can be defined as an unwanted sound. The acoustic environment varies dynamically in magnitude and character throughout in most communities. The noise level variation can be temporal, spatial. It interferes with speech and hearing and is intense enough to damage hearing or is otherwise annoying. The definition of noise as unwanted sound implies that it has an adverse effect on human beings and their environment. Noise can also disturb natural wildlife and ecological system. Sound is

Location Sampling Stations

Free Silica µg/m3 Min Max Avg.

Bherido AAQ1 4.32 5.50 4.89 Sunwaniya AAQ2 4.31 5.49 4.89 Chittorgarh Urban AAQ3 4.32 5.51 4.88 Barkhera AAQ4 4.29 5.46 4.87 Unkhliya AAQ5 4.30 5.49 4.95 Pandoli AAQ6 4.32 5.51 4.90



mechanical energy from a vibrating surface, transmitted by cyclic series of compression and rarefaction of molecules of the materials through which it passes. Sound can be transmitted through gases, liquids and solids. The number of compressions and refractions of the air molecules in the unit of time is described as its frequency. Frequency is expressed in hertz (Hz), which is the same as the number of cycles per second.

4.5.1 INSTRUMENT USED FOR SAMPLING AND MONITORING Instant Sound Level Meter (SLM) is used for the collection of data related to noise at an interval of one hour. The day Noise Levels have been monitored during 6:00 AM to 10:00 PM and night Noise Levels during 10:00 PM to 6:00 AM at all the locations covered in the study area. Measured noise level displayed as a function of time provides a useful scheme for describing the acoustical climate of a community. Noise levels recorded at each station are computed for equivalent noise levels. Equivalent noise level is a single number descriptor for describing time varying noise levels. The equivalent noise level is defined mathematically as:

10 Log1/ T Σ (10Ln/10) Where: L = Sound pressure level a function of time dB (A)

`T = Time interval of observations 4.5.2 NOISE QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS

The hourly Leq noise levels recorded at 6 locations in the study area show considerable fluctuations because of changes in traffic movement, commercial and domestic activities in the study area. Table No.: 4.19 show the Noise Quality Monitoring Locations.

Table No.: 4.19 Location of Monitoring Stations

S. No. Area Description Sample Code


Direction from Mining lease

area

Classified Area

1 Core Zone

A Bherido(Near

Gram Panchayat) NQ1

0.1 North Residential

B Sunwaniya NQ2 0.4 North Residential

C Chittorgarh Urban (Near Bus Stand )

NQ3 0.5 South Commercial

2 Buffer Zone

A Barkhera Near

(Govt. Sec. School)

NQ4 8.3

North-East Silence

B Unkhliya (Near Govt. Primary

School) NQ5

8.0 North-South Silence

C Pandoli (Near Govt. Hospital)

NQ6 5.6

West Silence

4.5.3 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION



Generally noise levels in public places like temples and community hall have higher values in day time. Generally noise levels in public places like temples and community hall have higher values in day time. In the study area higher Noise value of 64.58 dB (A) was recorded during day time in Chittorgarh (Near Bus Stand) & lower Noise value of 32.7 dB (A) was recorded during night time in village Pandoli (Near Govt. Hospital). Table No 4.20 shows the noise levels in the study area.

Table No.: 4.20 Noise Quality Monitoring Results

Sampling

code Name of the location

Noise levels dB(A)

Leq day

(6.0 AM TO 10.0 PM)

Leq night

(10.0 PM TO 6.0 AM)

NQ1 Bherido 63.5 51.6

NQ2 Sunwaniya 46.1 31.0

NQ3 Chittorgarh Urban 42.4 30.6

NQ4 Barkhera 62.5 51.9

NQ5 Unkhliya 44.0 31.6

NQ6 Pandoli 43.9 31.7

A) DAY TIME NOISE LEVELS (Leqday) The daytime (Leqday) noise levels are observed in the range of 42.4 to 63.5 dB (A).

B) NIGHT TIME NOISE LEVELS (Leqnight) The nighttime (Leqnight) Noise levels are observed in the range of 30.6 to 51.9 dB (A).

Table No.: 4.21 Ambient Air Quality Standards in respect of Noise

Area Code Category of Area / Zone

Limits in dB(A) Leq* Day Time Night Time

A Industrial area 75 70 B Commercial area 65 55 C Residential area 55 45 D Silence Zone 50 40

4.6 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

Biodiversity and ecosystems need to be protected in order to preserve the quality of life on Earth. Many plants and animals have already become extinct through human actions. Habitat loss and fragmentation are major threats to biodiversity. Biological impact assessment is an integral and important component of “Environmental Impact Assessment” (EIA). Biological impact assessment (BIA) generally includes lists of plants and animals present in the core and buffer areas of the proposed project site. The identified species then check for their status according to an IUCN list of threat categories viz., endemic, endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate and



insufficiently known. In certain cases it is also considered desirable to conduct vegetation analysis using standard phyto-sociological methods. An ecological study of the ecosystem is essential to understand the impact of mining and urbanization on existing flora and fauna of the study area. Studies on various aspects of ecosystem play an important role in identifying sensitive issues for undertaking appropriate action to mitigate the impact, if any. The biological study was undertaken as a part of the EIA study report to understand the present status of ecosystem prevailing in the study area, to compare it with past condition with the help of available data, to predict changes in the biological environment as a result of present activities and to suggest measures for maintaining its health. The present objectives were undertaken with the following objectives:

· To collect the baseline terrestrial biodiversity status regarding flora and fauna in the project area.

· To assess the frequency, density, abundance, Importance Value Index (IVI) and Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (flora).

· To evaluate the dominant species of plant and animal. Secondary data also be collected from the local residents and authenticated list of flora and fauna by the Department of Forest, Govt. of Rajasthan, Rajasthan.

· To identify the endangered / threatened / scheduled species in the study area (both flora and fauna). The conservation plan will be given if any wildlife species of “schedule I” is present there.

· To mark the ecologically sensitive areas such as national parks/ sanctuaries, if present there.

· To provide the conservation plan and suggestion / recommendation for social forestry green belt / plantation.

· To assess the effect of operation of the project on existing ecology.

Bassi Wild Life sanctuary is an ecologically sensitive area located at the distance of 9.0 km and extended towards North-East to South-East direction from the lease area. The wild life sanctuary is covering about 355.85 Ha (0.31%) area of total study area (as per LULC map). The key fauna of the sanctuary are Wild boar, and Chinkara, Bluebull, Chital, Partridge, Cuckoo, Greater Coucal, Pea fowl etc. and in Flora mainly salar, sisam, dhak, sisris, tendu etc. are present in the sanctuary. The river sand mining activity will not disturb any sort of natural habitat of the wild life. List of flora and fauna prepared by EB expert is submitted to DFO (WL), Chittorgarh for authentication (which is under process) and a letter is submitted to The Deputy Director (Wild Life), MoEF & CC. dated on 20-1-2015 for Wild Life Clearance by the following reference letters.

1. Letter to DFO (Wild Life), Chttorgarh, dated 24-04-2014. (Enclosed as annexure No.- 18)

2. Letter to The Deputy Director (Wild Life), Wild Life Division, MoEF & CC dated 19.01.2015 (Enclosed as Annexure No.- 19)

Table No 4.22 Methods used for sampling of flora and fauna



Taxa Sampling Methods

Plants Quadrate sampling and enumeration Butterflies Transect, Visual encounter survey Amphibians Visual encounter survey (search) Reptiles Visual encounter survey (search) Birds Point count, opportunistic observation Mammals Tracks and signs, and visual encounter survey

METHODOLOGY To achieve the above objectives, a detailed study of the area was undertaken in proposed project site. The field sampling was conducted during Oct- Dec 2013. FLORAL STUDY The vegetation sampling was carried out by using quadrate method across different habitats. The quadrants are useful for quantification of the density and abundance of the vegetation in the study area. The size and number of quadrates needed were determined using the species area curve (Mishra, 1968) and the running mean method (Kershaw, 1973). Summarization of previously used methods and recommendations led to the use of more than often (10x10m) quadrates laid out for sampling the tree stratum and 1x1m quadrates for herbs and grasses. DBH of trees was also determined. All individuals > 10 cm GBH (Girth at Breast Height) were included in tree category. However, for examining the shrub species 3x3m sample plots were laid out. The data collected for biodiversity information were quantitatively analyzed for density, frequency, abundance and Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index. The relative values of frequency, density and dominance of all the species were summed up to represent Importance Value Index (IVI). The followings are the formulae to derive frequency, density, abundance, Importance Value Index (IVI) etc. Total number of quadrate in which species occurred Frequency = ————————————————————————-----x 100 Total number of quadrate studied Total number of individuals of a species Density = —————————————————------------------------- Total number of quadrate studied Total number of individuals of species in all quadrate Abundance = ————————————————————————— Total number of quadrate in which species occurred

Total Basal Area Dominance = —————————————————



Total area sampled Frequency of the species Relative Frequency = —————————————— x 100 Total frequency of all species Density of the species Relative Density = ——————————————x 100 Total density of all species Abundance of the species Relative Abundance = —––———————————— x 100 Total abundance of all species

Dominance of the species Relative Dominance = —––———————————— x 100 Total Dominance of all species Importance Value Index (IVI) = Relative frequency + Relative density +Relative dominance Shannon – Weaver Index (1948): The number of species and number of individuals in a community is measure of species diversity which depends on stability of the habitat. Vegetation of the study area was assess by determining Shannon – Weaver diversity index (1948) D = -Σ (ni / n) log

2 (ni / n)

ni = Number of individuals of each species in the sample n = Total number of individuals List of Flora and Fauna found in core zone of the study area is given below in table: 1.2 Table: 4.23 List of Flora in the Core zone of study area Sl. No

Plant Species Common Name

Habitant Family Abun.

Avg.

Mini.

SHRUBS 1 Calotropis

procera Aak Arid and Semi

arid region Asclepiadaceae

Y

2 Capparis decidua

Kair Arid and Semi arid region

Capparaceae Y

3 Calotropis gigantea

Aakra Arid and Semi arid region

Asclepiadaceae

Y

4 Prosopis juliflora Vilayati Arid and Semi Fabaceae Y



Babool arid region 5 Opuntia dilenii Nagfani Arid and Semi

arid region Cactaceae Y

HERBS 1 Croton

bonplandianum Ban Tulsi Semi arid to

tropical region Euphorbiaceae

Y

2 Datura metal Dhatura Desert to Tropical region

Solanacea Y

3 Withania somnifera

Ashwagandha

Semi arid to tropical region

Solanaceae Y

4 Euforbia hirta Badi doodhi Semi arid to tropical region

Euphorbiaceae

Y

5 Helienthus annus Sun flower Semi arid to tropical region

Asteraceae Y

6 Tribulus trerrestri Gokhru Desert to Tropical region

Asteraceae Y

GRASSES 1 Alysicarpus

monilifer Juhi ghas Semi arid to

tropical region Fabaceae Y

2 Sorghum helpense Jangli jowar Desert to Tropical region

Poaceae Y

Table: 4.24 List of Flora in the study area (Buffer zone)

TREES Sl. No.



Avg.

Mini.

1 Morus alba Shahtoot Arid to sub humid region

Moraceae Y

2 Acacia nilotica Desi Babool Deciduous Region

Mimosaceae Y

3 Ailanthus excelsa Ardu Arid to sub humid region

Simarubacaee

Y

4 Pithecelobium dulceae

Jungle jalebi Tropical and Sub tropical region

Fabacea Y

5 Eucalyptus dulce Saeda Arid and Semi arid region

Myrtaceae Y

6 Tamarindus indica

Imali Tropical and Sub tropical region

Caesalpiniaceae

Y

7 Azadirachta indica

Neem Tropical and Sub tropical region

Meliacaeae Y

8 Butea Dhak Tropical and Fabaceae Y



monosperma Sub tropical region

9 Pongamia pinnata Karanj Arid to sub humid region

Fabaceae Y

10 Delonix regia Gulmohar Tropical and Sub tropical region

Caesalpiniacea

Y

11 Ficus benghalensis

Bargad Tropical and Sub tropical region

Moraceae Y

12 Ficus religiosa Pipal Tropical and Sub tropical region

Moraceae Y

13 Maytenus emarginata

kankera Tropical and Sub tropical region

Celastraceae

Y

14 Phoenix sylvestris

Khajoor Arid and Semi arid region

Arecaceae Y

15 Poyalthia longifolia

Ashok Tropical and Sub tropical region

Annonaceae Y

HERBS &SHRUBS 1 Zizyphus oenoplia Ber Arid and Semi

arid region Rhamnaceae Y

2 Calotropis procera

Aak Arid and Semi arid region

Asclepiadaceae

Y

3 Capparis decidua

Kair Arid and Semi arid region

Capparaceae Y

4 Euphorbia nivulia Thor Arid and Semi arid region

Euphorbiaceae

Y

5 Helicteres isora Marod fali Tropical and Sub tropical region

Sterculiaceae Y

6 Lawsonia inermis Mehandi Tropical and Sub tropical region

Lythraceae Y

7 Calotropis procera

Aak Arid and Semi arid region

Asclepiadaceae

Y

8 Alysicarpus hemosus

Patha Arid to tropical region

Paipilionacea Y

9 Ocimum sanctum Tulsi Arid to tropical region

Labiaceae Y

10 Jatropha curcas Ratnjyot Tropical and Sub tropical

Euphorbiacae Y



region CLIMBERS 1 Ampelocissus

latifolia Neebu Desert to

Tropical region Vitaceae Y

2 Viscum orientale Gudbel Tropical and Sub tropical zone

Loranthaceae

Y

3 Ichnocarpus frutescens

Dudhi bel Tropical and Sub tropical zone

Appocynacea

Y

4 Aristolochia bracteata

Hukkabel Tropical and Sub tropical zone

Menispermacae

Y

GRASSES 1 Impereta

cylindrica Dab Desert to

Tropical region

Poaceae Y

2 Cynodon dactylon

Dub Desert to Tropical region

Poaceae Y

Floral Study:

Table No 4.25 Core zone: Shrubs (3x3)

Table No 4.26 Core zone: Herbs and grasses (1x1m)

S. No

Species

name

Binomial name

Total No of quadrate

studied

Total no of

quadrate in which species occurre

d

Total no of

individual of

species in all

quadrate

Density

Relative Density

Frequency

Relative Frequenc

y

Abundance

Relative Abundanc

e

Importance

Value Index (IVI)

SWDIndexH= -

Pi

( lnP

1 Aak Calotropi

s procera 50 18 27

0.54 2.935 36 4.800 1.500 3.016 10.751 -0.104

2 Kair Capparis

decidua 50 30 89

1.78 9.674 60 8.000 2.967 5.964 23.638 -0.226

3

Aakra Calotropis gigantea

50 12 34 0.68 3.696 24 3.200 2.833 5.696 12.592

-0.122

4

Vilayati Babool

Prosopis juliflora 50 11 38

0.76 4.130 22 2.933 3.455 6.945 14.009 -0.132

5 Nagfani

Opuntia dilenii

50 9 21 0.42 2.283 18 2.400 2.333 4.691 9.374

-0.086

0.67

Species name

Binomial name

Total No of

Total no of

Total no of individual

Density Relativ

e Frequen

cy Relative

FrequencAbundanc

Relative

Importance

SWDIndex



Table No 4.27 Buffer zone: Trees (10x10m)

quadr

ate studie

d

quadrate in which species

occurred

of species in all

quadrate

Density y e Abundance

Value Index (IVI)

H= - ∑ P( lnPi)

Ban Tulsi

Croton bonplandianum

50 24 62 1.24 13.478 48.000 14.815 2.583 12.957 41.250 -0.2701

Dhatura

Datura metal

50 29 73 1.46 15.870 58.000 17.901 2.517 12.625 46.396 -0.2921

Ashwagandha

Withania somnifera

50 11 27 0.54 5.870 22.000 6.790 2.455 12.311 24.971 -0.1664

Badi doodhi

Euforbia hirta

50 28 53 1.06 11.522 56.000 17.284 1.893 9.494 38.299 -0.2490

Sun flower

Helienthus annus

50 23 70 1.4 15.217 46.000 14.198 3.043 15.265 44.680 -0.2865

Gokhru Tribulus

trerrestri 50 29 108 2.16 23.478 58.000 17.901 3.724 18.679 60.058 -0.3402

Juhi ghas

Alysicarpus monilifer

50 11 27 0.54 5.870 22.000 6.790 2.455 12.311 24.971 -0.1664

Jangli jowar

Sorghum helpense

50 18 67 1.34 14.565 36.000 11.111 3.722 18.669 44.345

-0.2806

2.0153

S. No

Species name

Binomial name

Total No of quadr

ate studie

d

Total no of

quadrate in which species occurre

d

Total no of

individual of

species in all

quadrate

Density Relative Density

Frequency

Relative

Frequency

Basal area (m2)

Relative

Dominance

Importance Value Index (IVI)

SWD Index H= - ∑

Pi

( lnPi)

1 Shahtoot

Morus alba 50 18 29 0.58 8.869 36 7.004 0.05031 6.760 22.632 -0.2149

2 Desi Babool

Acacia nilotica 50 21 31 0.62 9.480 42 8.171 0.04267 5.733 23.385 -0.2233

3 Ardu Ailanthus excelsa 50 14 19 0.38 5.810 28 5.447 0.05075 6.819 18.077 -0.1653

4 Jungle jalebi

Pithecelobium dulceae 50 19 22 0.44 6.728 38 7.393 0.04675 6.281 20.402 -0.1816

5 Saeda Eucalyptus dulce 50 22 25 0.5 7.645 44 8.560 0.05527 7.426 23.632 -0.1966

6 Imali Tamarindus indica 50 24 39 0.78 11.927 48 9.339 0.05175 6.953 28.218 -0.2536

7 Neem Azadirachta indica 50 7 8 0.16 2.446 14 2.724 0.03546 4.764 9.935 -0.0908

8 Dhak Butea monosperma 50 27 30 0.6 9.174 54 10.506 0.08824 11.856 31.536 -0.2192

9 Karanj Pongamia pinnata 50 14 18 0.36 5.505 28 5.447 0.0466 6.261 17.213 -0.1596

10 Gulmohar

Delonix regia 50 15 17 0.34 5.199 30 5.837 0.03536 4.751 15.786 -0.1537

11 Bargad Ficus benghalensis 50 12 14 0.28 4.281 24 4.669 0.04317 5.800 14.751 -0.1349

12 Pipal Ficus religiosa 50 23 29 0.58 8.869 46 8.949 0.05987 8.044 25.862 -0.2149

13 kankera Maytenus emarginata 50 24 26 0.52 7.951 48 9.339 0.08824 11.856 29.146 -0.2013



Table No 4.28 Buffer zone: Shrubs (3x3m)

Table No 4.29 Buffer zone: Herbs, Climbers and Grasses (1x1m)

14 Khajoor Phoenix sylvestris 50 17 20 0.4 6.116 34 6.615 0.04982 6.694 19.425 -0.1709

15 Ashok Poyalthia longifolia 50 19 22 0.44 6.728 38 7.393 0.04675 6.281 20.402 -0.1816

2.5805

S. No

Species

name

Binomial name

Total No of quadrate

studied

Total no of

quadrate in

which species occurre

d

Total no of

individual of

species in all

quadrate

Density

Relative Density

Frequency

Relative Frequenc

y

Abundance

Relative Abundanc

e

Importance

Value Index (IVI)

SWDIndexH= -

Pi

( lnP

1 Ber Zizyphus

oenoplia 50 18 27

0.54 2.935 36 4.800 1.500 3.016 10.751 -0.104

2 Aak Calotropi

s procera 50 30 89

1.78 9.674 60 8.000 2.967 5.964 23.638 -0.226

3 Kair Capparis

decidua 50 12 34

0.68 3.696 24 3.200 2.833 5.696 12.592 -0.122

4 Thor Euphorbia

nivulia 50 11 38

0.76 4.130 22 2.933 3.455 6.945 14.009 -0.132

5 Marod fali

Helicteres isora

50 9 21 0.42 2.283 18 2.400 2.333 4.691 9.374

-0.086

6 Mehandi

Lawsonia inermis

50 11 27 0.54 2.935 22 2.933 2.455 4.935 10.803

-0.104

0.774

S. No

Species

name

Binomial name

Total No of

quadrate

studied

Total no of

quadrate in which species

occurred

Total no of

individual of

species in all

quadrate

Density Relativ

e Density

Frequency

Relative Frequen

cy

Abundance

Relative

Abundance

Importance

Value Index (IVI)

SWD Index

H= - ∑ Pi

( lnPi)

1 Aak Calotropis

procera 50 23 68 1.36 5.74 46 6.35 2.96 4.67 16.77 -0.1641

2 Patha Alysicarpus

hemosus 50 8 35 0.7 2.96 16 2.21 4.38 6.92 12.08 -0.1041

3 Tulsi Ocimum

sanctum 50 9 23 0.46 1.94 18 2.49 2.56 4.04 8.47 -0.0766

4 Ratnjyot

Jatropha curcas

50 24 79 1.58 6.67 48 6.63 3.29 5.20 18.50 -0.1806

5 Neebu Ampeloc

issus latifolia

50 33 81 1.62 6.84 66 9.12 2.45 3.88 19.84 -0.1835

6 Gudbel

Viscum orientale

50 21 53 1.06 4.48 42 5.80 2.52 3.99 14.27 -0.1391

7

Dudhi bel

Ichnocarpus frutescens

50 14 45 0.9 3.80 28 3.87 3.21 5.08 12.75 -0.1243

8

Hukkabel

Aristolochia bracteata

50 34 85 1.7 7.18 68 9.39 2.50 3.95 20.52 -0.1891

9 Dab Impereta

cylindric50 9 20 0.4 1.69 18 2.49 2.22 3.51 7.69 -0.0689



Table: 4.30 List of Fauna in the Core zone of the study area MAMMALS Sl. No. Common name Scientific name Family Scheduled List

as per Wildlife Protection Act

1 Five stripped palm squirrel

Funambulus pennanti

Sciurideae Schedule IV

2 Common House rat

Rattus rattus Murideae Schedule V

3 Nilgai/Blue bull Boselaphus tragocamelus

Bovideae Schedule III

AVIFAUNA 1 Red-wattled

lapwing Vanellus cinereus Charadriideae No mention

2 House crow Corvus splendens Corvidea Schedule V 3 Indian Robin Saxicoloided fulicata Turdineae Schedule IV 4 House sparrow Passser domesticus Passerineae No mention 5 Indian peafowl Pavo cristatus Phasianideae Schedule I 6 Red collared dove Streptopelia

tranquabarica Columbideae Schedule IV

7 Red watteled lapwing

Vanellus cinereus Charadriideae Schedule IV

REPTILES 1 Common House

Gecko Hemidactylus frenatus

Gekkonideae No mention

2 Oriental Garden Lizard

Calotes versicolor Agamideae No mention

Table 4.31 Fauna / Wildlife Species in the study area (Buffer zone) Sl. No.

Common name Scientific Name

Family Scheduled List as per Wildlife Protection Act

AVIFAUNA 1 Red-wattled lapwing Vanellus

cinereus Charadrideae No mention

2 Baya weaver Ploceus philippinus

Ploceideae Schedule IV

3 Rock Pigeon Columba livia Columbideae Schedule IV 4 Red collared dove Streptopelia

tranquabarica Columbideae Schedule IV

5 Indian peafowl Pavo Phasianideae Schedule I

a 10

Dub Cynodon dactylon

50 14 56 1.12 4.73 28 3.87 4.00 6.32 14.92 -0.1443

1.3746



cristatus 6 House crow Corvus

splendens Corvideae Schedule V

7 House sparrow Passer domesticus

Passerinideae Schedule IV

8 Koel Eudaynamys scolopacea

Cuculideae Schedule IV

9 Common Myna/Indian Myna

Acreddotheres tristis

Starenideae Schedule IV

10 Tailor Bird Orthotomus sutorius

Cisticolidae No mention

11 Indian Great Owl Bubo bubo Strigidae Schedule IV 12 Black Backed

Woodpecker Chrysocolaptes pondiceria

picidae Schedule IV

REPTILES 1 Common House

Gecko Hemidactylus frenatus

Gekkonideae No mention

2 Oriental Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor

Agamideae No mention

3 Tree Snake Dendrolephis tristis

Colubrideae No mention

MAMMALS 1 Wild boar Sus scrofa

cristatus Suideae Schedule IV

2 Common House rat Rattus rattus Murideae Schedule V

3 Nilgai Boselaphus tragocamelus

Bovideae Schedule III

4 Five stripped palm squirrel

Funambulus pennanti

Scurideae Schedule IV

As per LULC Map, total forest area is 15,628 Ha. (13.74%) and open scrub land is 14,768.69 (12.99%).

Table 4.32 Reserve Forest and Protected Forest in the study area Forest type

Sl. No.

Forest name Distance from Project Site (in Km)

Direction from lease Site

Area of Forest (in Ha.)

Reserved forest

1 Baramagara 9.8 North West 10 2 Kabra 6.0 North West 288

3 Bhavdhipura Merikhera 3.7 North West 540 4* ---- 8.21 West 26 5* ---- 9.2 West 156

6 Samara 5.5 North East 850 7 Dundaria 5.6 North East 432 8* ---- 2.8 South East 6000 9 Ambaneri 6.5 South

West 2250



10 Maton ki ori 1.8 South West

20

11* ---- 3.7 South East 280 Total Forest area 10,853 *Marked area may be RF /PF/UC

There are 11 Reserve forests (RF) in the study area. Nearest Reserve forest “Maton Ki Ori” is located at distance of 1.8 km from lease area. Total forest area covering is about 10,853 Ha in the study area. Vegetation of Reserve forests comprises Butea monospera; Pongamia pinnat, Acacia nilotica and Prosopis juliflora are present in abundance. The ecological potential of a particular species is a measure of its capacity to effectively compete in a given geographical area, ahead of other species, as they all try to occupy a natural space. RF of the study area are shown on G.T. Sheet Map (1:50000 Scale), authenticated by DFO (Wild Life), Chittorgarh, which is enclosed herewith as Annexure no.-20. The ecological potential of a particular species is a measure of its capacity for effectively competition in a given geographical area, ahead of other species, as they all try to occupy a natural space.

Table 4.33 List of Vegetation present in the RF/PF of the study area TREES Sl. No.



Avg.

Mini.

1 Butea monosperma

Dhak/ Plash

Tropical and Subtropical region

Fabaceae (Papilionaceae)

Y

3 Azadirachta indica

Neem Humid to sub humid region

Meliaceae Y

4 Pithecilobium dulce

Jangle Jalebi

Humid and sub humid region

Fabaceae Y

5 Pongemia pinnata

Karanj Tropical and Subtropical region

Fabaceae Y

6 Tamarindus indica

Imli Tropical and Subtropical region

Fabaceae Y

7 Acacia nilotica

Desi Babool

Arid and semi arid region

Fabaceae Y

8 Ficus benghalensisi

Bargad Humid to sub humid region

Moraceae Y

10 Ficus religiosa Pipal

Humid and sub humid region

Moraceae Y

11 Pongamia pinnata

Karanj Tropical and Subtropical region

Fabaceae Y

12 Morus alba Shahtoot Tropical and Mortaceae Y



Subtropical region

SHRUBS 1

Opuntia dillenii Nagphani Arid and Semi arid region

Cactaceae Y

2 Ziziphus oenoplia

Jharber Arid and Semi arid region

Rhamnaceae Y

3 Euphorbia nivulia

Thor Tropical and Sub tropical zone

Euphorbiaceae

Y

4 Lawsonia inermis

Mehandi Tropical and Sub tropical zone

Lytheracea Y

HERBS 1 Ocimum

sanctum Tulsi

Tropical and Sub tropical zone

Labiatea Y

2 Tribulus terrestris

Gokhru Desert to Tropical region

Zygophyllaceae

Y

3 Datura metal Datura

Tropical and Sub tropical zone

Solanaceae Y

4 Parthenium hysterophorus

Gajar ghas Arid and demi arid region

Asteraceae Y

5 Withania somnifera

Ashwagandha

Tropical region Solanaceae Y

3 Cynodon dactylon

Dub Desert to Tropical region

Poaceae Y

4 Dactyloctenium aegyptium

Makra Desert to Tropical regions

Poaceae Y



Francolinus pondicerianus Chrysocolaptes festivus

Pavo cristatus Bubulcus ibis Fig No.: 4.13 Photographs of Terristria Birds

4.6.4 IMPACT OF MINING ON PLANKTON

The core zone is the river sand bed so there in no vegetation pattern. However Banas River is non perennial that dries up during the summer season. River is non Perennial River and it runs only in rainy season and almost dry in summer. Some water bodies of very less dimension and shallow in depth may be visible in the river bed due to construction of some small check dams in some part of river big size boulders and exposure of basement rock is also visible. During the entire lease period, River Sand Mining will be restricted to 3.0 m depth from the river bed and will be kept above 1-2 m from the water table. Mining will be avoided during the monsoon season and heavy rain. River sand mining activity negligible effect on plankton found as a results of our study.

Table No.: 4.34 Lists of Planktons S. No. Planktons

1 Phytoplankton Green algae Chlamydomonas Eudorina Common species



Cyanobacteria Dynoflagelate

2 Zooplankton Protozoa Nebalia Amoeba Phacus Vortecella sp. Stentor sp. Rotifera Brachionus calciflorus, B. caudatus, B. rubens , Keratella tropica, Lecane luna Asplanchna. Cladocera Ceriodaphnia cornuta , Daphnia carinata, Moina macroscopa Chydorus ovalis. Calanoids Heliodiaptomus Neodiaptomus

4.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT An essential part of environmental study is socio-economic environment

incorporating various facts related to Socio-economic conditions in the area, which deals with the total environment. Socio-economic study includes demographic structure of the area, provision of basic amenities viz., housing, education, health and medical services, occupation, water supply, sanitation, communication, transportation, prevailing diseases pattern as well as feature of aesthetic significance such as temples, historical monuments etc. at the baseline level. This would help in visualizing and predicting the possible impact depending upon the nature and magnitude of the project.

Socio-economic study of an area provides a good opportunity to assess the socioeconomic conditions of an area. This study will possibly make a change in living and social standards of the particular area benefitted due to the Project. The gross economic production of the area will be increased substantially due to the existence of this project. It can undoubtedly be said that this plant will provide direct and indirect employment and improve the infrastructural facilities and standards of living of the area. The fabrics of socio-economic changes are so complicated that this study would seem to be extremely limited, almost superficial and at time subjective in nature. More thorough and quantified socio-economic study will undoubtedly require vastly longer time and resources, and is, therefore, beyond the scope of the present EIA study. The EIA will give a reasonably clear picture of the socio-economic conditions prevailing in the study area.



4.7.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The objectives of this socio-economic report consist of:

§ To conduct socio-economic assessment study in Project Area. § To know the current socio-economic situation in the region to cover the sub

sectors of education, health, sanitation, and water and food security. § To recommend practical strategic interventions in the sector. § To help in providing better living standards. § To provide employment opportunities.

4.7.2 SCOPE OF WORK § To study the Socio-economic Environment of area from the secondary sources. § Developing a questionnaire for SIA Survey. § Data Collection & Analysis. § Prediction of project impact. § Mitigation Measures.

4.7.3 METHODOLOGY For socioeconomic study of the project area, both qualitative and quantitative methods were adopted. Data regarding the field area were collected both from primary as well as secondary sources. Primary sources include data collected through direct field sampling, observations based on schedules, questionnaires etc. A suitable format of Questionnaires was developed by us & survey was conducted. Secondary sources include various reports, records, literatures, documents, maps, charts, and photographs etc, collected from various public and private organizations. To know the perception of local people on socio-economic impact of river sand mining in the area, a field survey was conducted during Oct-Nov 2013. The target groups were selected from villages of core and buffer area of Chittorgarh Tehsil. About 25 people were interviewed to get response. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) techniques are the two important tools of participatory method used in the field. Household level contacts and interviews have been undertaken with each family for completing the household socio-economic profile. For individual farmers and community members, qualitative interviews were used since this approach allows a more in-depth investigation into the each interviewee. It also allows people to speak for themselves without their answers being biased by predetermined hypothesis-based questions. The questionnaire was basically focused to gather respondent’s views from the study areas on the impacts of river sand mining. The data collected from various sources were processed, computed and tabulated to fit the problem. These tabulated data was interpreted and analyzed with the help of various quantitative techniques. More thorough and quantified socio-economic study will undoubtedly require vastly longer time and resources, and is, therefore, beyond the scope of the present EIA study. The EIA will give a reasonably clear picture of the socio-economic conditions prevailing in the study area

4.7.4 BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF THE AREA The Study area (buffer zone) is the area within 10 km radius of the mine site. It

covers 196 villages of Chittorgarh district. The Socio-economic parameters i.e. population growth, density, literacy etc. plays an important role in determining the



impact of the proposed activity directly or indirectly on the human population of the study area. These impacts may be beneficial or detrimental. Chittorgarh District is situated in southern-eastern part of Rajasthan state in western India. It lies between 23° 32' and 25° 13' north latitudes and 74° 12' and 75° 49' east longitudes The district has an area of 10,856 km2 (3.17% of the Rajasthan State). It is disjunct, divided into a larger western portion and a smaller eastern portion by Neemuch District of Madhya Pradesh. The western portion is bounded by Neemuch, Mandsaur, and Ratlam districts of Madhya Pradesh to the east, and the Rajasthan districts of Banswara to the south, Udaipur and Rajsamand to the east, and Bhilwara to the north. The eastern portion is bounded by Bhilwara, Bundi, and Kota districts of Rajasthan to the north and Neemuch District of Madhya Pradesh to the south and west. Rajasthan is located in northwest India; it encompasses an area of 3,42,239 sq km lies between 23°30' and 30° 11' North latitude and 69° 29' and 78° 17' East longitude. Rajasthan is the largest state of the India in terms of area. It is bounded by Punjab in the north, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh in the northeast, Madhya Pradesh in the east and Gujarat in the south. On the western side it shares a long stretch of border with the neighboring country Pakistan.The main economy of Rajasthan is agrarian based. Agriculture is the leading economy of the state accounting for 22.5 per cent. The total cultivated area of the state encompasses about 20 million hectare and out of this only 20% of the land is irrigated. The principal crops Barley, Wheat, Gram, Pulses, Oil Seeds, Bajra, Pulses, Jowar, Maize Ground Nuts, Fruits and Vegetables and Spices.

4.7.5 DEMOGRAPHY OF THE STUDY AREA Total population of the area is 305295 out of which 155817 (51.04%) are male and 149478 (48.96%) are female. The lease area falls in 18 villages where 45.90% of total population lives. Representation of Scheduled Cast and Scheduled Tribe population is only 16.17% and 7.62% respectively. The table No.: 4.43 show that out of total population 45.90% population lives in core area and rest of 54.10% population live in buffer zone. In general, the female population is less in all three categories i.e general, scheduled cast and scheduled tribe.

Table No.: 4.43 Demography Demography

S.No. Range No. of Village

Population Population SC Population ST

Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

1 Core Area

18 (9.14)

140152 72091 68061 20414 10494 9920 5658 3002 2656

2 Buffer Area

178 (90.86)

165143 83726 81417 28945 14701 14244 17609 8862 8747

Total 196 305295 155817 (51.04)

149478 (48.96)

49359 (16.17)

25195 (51.04)

24164 (48.96)

23267 (7.62)

11864 (51.00)

11403 (49.00)

(Figures in parenthesis are %) Source: Chittorgarh Census Hand Book 2011



WORK FORCE River sand mining is labor oriented mining because it covers large area. Hence requires large population of man and women for excavation, loading, transportation and storage work. From employment point of view, labors are low paid worker. They prefer to be engaged in nearby area so as to save the travel cost and time. Therefore availability of worker in villages of core area of mining is important. The Table No. 4.44 presents statistics of work force available in core as well as buffer zone. The total population in the region is 305295 persons out of which 46.80% are working and 53.20% are Non working population. In core area the total population is 140152 (45.90%) persons out of which working population is only 54732 (39.05%). The male and female population is 39111 and 15621 respectively. The percentage of marginal worker is 13.74. This population is potential from job seeking point of view.

Table No.: 4.44 Working & Non Working S.No

Range

Total

Village

Total Popula

tion

Working Population Main Working Marginal Working Non Working

Total Male Femal

e Total Male

Female

Total Male Fema

le Total Male

Female

1

Villages of Core Area

18 140152 54732 39111 15621 47847 36193 11654 6885 2918 3967 85420 32980 52440

2

Villages of Buffe

r Area

178 165143 88142 49545 38597 75393 45408 29985 12749 4137 8612 77001 34181 42820

Total 196 305295 142874 88656 54218 123240 81601 41639 19634 7055 12579 162421 67161 95260

(Figure in parenthesis is %)

Among the worker there are two category i.e. main worker and marginal worker. Main worker are those who work for the major part of the year i.e. 183 days or more and marginal worker is one who work for less than 6 months in a year. Other category is of non worker, those who are either under the age of 15 years or more than 64 years. This class is not fit for any work. Hence availability of work force in the core zone is very less. One has to bring the worker far from the work place.

Table No.: 4.45 Occupational Structures

Occupational Structure

S. No Range Total

Village Total

Population Working

Population Main

Cultivator

Main Agriculture

Labour

Main Household Industries

Main Other

Working

Marginal Cultivator

Marginal Agriculture

Labour

Marginal Household Industries

Marginal Other

Working

1 Core Area 18 140152 54732 7042 1922 2022 36861 1396 897 459 4133

2 Buffer Area 178 165143 88142 47095 6650 1023 20625 6279 3173 271 3026

Total 196 305295 142874 54137 8572 3045 57486 7675 4070 730 7159

OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE Occupational structure of an area shows the nature and status of employment activities in the area. Out of the total population about 46.80% population is working which is further grouped in eight fold classification as shown in Table No. 4.45. Main working population of this area falls in ‘Main other working’ category in which 40.23% of working population is engaged. The occupation of this category is secondary and tertiary of nature. Chittorgarh being a historical place and tourist therefore a good number of people are engaged



occupation related to truism. Hence people are engaged in hotel industries, transportation and other allied activities. Main occupation of people in this area is agriculture. Out of total working population 37.90% of working population is main cultivator, 5.37% are marginal cultivators and 8.85% are engaged as agriculture labor. LITERACY Literacy in any region is key for socio-economic progress and the Indian literacy rate grew to 74.04% in 2011 from 12% at the end of British rule in 1947. Although this was a greater than six fold improvement, the level is well below the world average literacy rate of 84% and of all nations, India currently has the largest illiterate population.

Table No.: 4.46 Literacy Literacy

S.No Range Population Litrate Illitrate

Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

1 Core Area

140152 72091 68061 98583 55916 42667 41569 16175 25394

2 Buffer Area

165143 83726 81417 85498 54252 31246 79645 29474 50171

Total 305295 155817 (51.04)

149478 (48.96)

184081 (60.29)

110168 (59.85)

73913 (40.15)

121214 (39.71)

45649 (37.66)

75565 (62.64)

The table shows out of total population only 184081 (60.293%) are literates and 121214 (39.71%) are illiterates. If we look at male-female ratio, there is a wide gender disparity. Out of total literate population there are 59.85% male are literates while female literates are 40.15% only in the region. Among illiterates there are 37.66% male and 62.64% female to total illiterates. This analysis shows that literacy in the region is low. Hence the potential availability of unskilled labor is more in this region. INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES Infrastructure is basic physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society or enterprise, or the services and facilities necessary for an economy to function. It can be generally defined as the set of interconnected structural elements that provide framework supporting an entire structure of development. It is an important term for judging a country or region's development. The term typically refers to the technical structures that support a society, such educational institutions, medical facilities banking facilities, telecommunications and so forth, and can be defined as "the physical components of interrelated systems providing commodities and services essential to enable, sustain, or enhance societal living conditions. EDUCATION FACILITIES Education is important as it gives knowledge about happenings around us. It develops a perspective of looking at life in us and helps us build opinions as well as have points of view on things in life. It equips us with everything that is required to make our life sensible.

Table No.: 4.47 Education Facilities Education Facilities

S.No Range Total Village

Primary School

Middle School

Secondary School

Sr. Secondary

School

Adult Literacy Class

1 Core Area 18 18 3 2 1 0



2 Buffer Area 178 154 60 12 6 10

Total 196 172 63 14 7 10 The Table No. 4.47 shows the educational facilities available in the villages of core area as well as buffer area of river sand mine. Every village has at least primary school in both of core as well as buffer area villages. Here are 63 middle and 14 secondary schools in the area. There are only 7 Sr. higher secondary schools in the area MEDICAL FACILITIES The data reveals that the area is lacking in medical facilities as only two villages in the core area have medical facility. Out of 196 villages only 37 villages have the medical facilities. There are 12 Ayurvedic dispensaries and only one allopathic dispansary in the region. The table shows that 81.12% of the villages do not have institutional health facilities of any type even after the introduction of Centrally Sponsored NRHM Program in the state.

Table No.: 4.47 Medical Facilities

S No.

Range Total

Village Medical

Facilities

Child Welfare Centre

Health Centre

Primary Health Centre

Primary Health

Sub Centre

Allopathic Dispensary

Ayurvedic Dispensary

1 Core Area

18 2 0 0 0 0 0 2

2 Buffer Area

178 35 0 0 0 0 1 10

Total 196 37 0 0 0 0 1 12

The field investigation has revealed that for petty health problem most of the villagers visit nearby dispensaries or hospitals located in the study area. However, during emergency and long treatment they rush to district or sub-district hospitals or the hospitals located at nearby town. Field survey has revealed that the health care institutions located in the villages are not fully equipped with man power, medicines, equipment and ambulances. DRINKING WATER FACILITY Drinking water is a basic need for survival of mankind. There are a number of central and state sponsored programme are running in the state, but the Table No.: 4.49 shows that all the villages have ground water facility.

Table No.: 4.49 Drinking Water Facilities

Drinking Water Facilities

S.No Range Total

Village Well

Water Tank Water

Tube Well Water

Hand Pump

1 Core Area 18 YES NO YES YES

2 Buffer Area 178 YES NO YES YES

Total 196 0 0 0 0



4.8 TRAFFIC ANALYSIS Traffic analysis is carried out by understanding the existing carrying capacity of the roads near to the project site and the connecting main roads in the area. The roads connect from the mine site to National Highway-76. These roads are wide enough to facilitate easy and smooth movement of heavy duty trucks. Then depending on the capacity of the mine, the number of trucks that will be added to the present scenario will be compared to the carrying capacity. Traffic analysis is carried out by understanding the existing carrying capacity of the roads near to the mining site and the connecting main roads in the area. Then depending on the capacity of the mine, the number of trucks that will be added to the present scenario will be compared to the carrying capacity. Traffic density measurements were performed at two locations near Mine Site and near-National Highway-76). The Monitoring was performed in October 2013 Traffic density measurements were made continuously for 24 hours by visual observations and counting of vehicles under three categories viz. heavy motor vehicles, light motor vehicles and two wheelers. As traffic densities on the roads are high, two skilled persons were deployed simultaneously at each station during each shift-one person on each of the two directions for counting the traffic. At the end of each hour, fresh counting and recording was undertaken. Total numbers of vehicles per hour under the three categories were determined. The results of measurements are given in Table No 4.50.

Table No.: 4.50 Traffic Survey results S.

No. Traffic Survey Nearest

Location No. of

Vehicle/Day No. of

PCU/day 1 Village Metal Road 282 530 2 NH-76 1564 3067.5

Source: Traffic Survey During Mine operation

Total Capacity of mine 2.26 LTPA Capacity per day 800 Ton No. of working days 280 Truck Capacity 20 ton No of Block 3 No. of trucks deployed per day 40 PCU/Day 120 PCU/hr 5 Working Hours per day 8 Design Service Volume for Two Lane Roads as per IRC :64:1990

15000 PCU/Day 625 PCU/hr

Recommended Design Service for Intermediate Lane Roads as per IRC :64:1990

6000 PCU/Day 250 PCU/hr

Level of Service (LOS) Capacity standards are fixed normally in relation to the Level of Service (LOS) adopted for design. Five levels of service are recognized commonly designated from A to E.



Considering the need for smooth traffic flow; it is recommended that normally LOS-C be adopted for design of urban roads. At this level volume of traffic will be around 0.70 times the maximum capacity. Capacity or Design Service volume is the maximum hourly volume at which vehicle can reasonably be expected to transfers a point or uniform section of a lane or road way during a given time period. As per IRC 64: 1990 guidelines, ratio of existing volume of PCU on roads (V) and its capacity (C) with corresponding level of services (LOS) and their performance is given below Table No.4.51.

Table: 4.51 Corresponding Level of Services (LOS) and Their Performance

Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) used travel speed and volume by capacity ratio (v/c ratio) to distinguish between various levels of service. The value of v/c ratio can vary between 0 and 1. Depending upon the travel speed and v/c ratio, HCM has defined six levels of service, level A to level F based on a graph between operating speed and v/c ratio as shown in the figure above. Level of service A represents the zone of free flow. Here the traffic volume will be less; traffic will be experiencing free flow also. The effect of minor incidents and point breakdowns are easily aborted at this level. Level of service B represents zone of reasonably free flow. At level of service C, the presence of other vehicles begins to restrict the maneuverability within the traffic stream. At level of service D, the average speeds begin to decline with increasing flows. Level of service E defines operation at capacity. At this level, the stream reaches its maximum density limit. Level of service F represents the region of forced ow, having low speed, and complete breakdown of the system.

Table No.: 4.52(a) Incremental rise at Village Metal Road Design Service Volume PCU/day

Existing Daily Traffic Data

Envisaged Traffic due to Mining

Cumulative Movement at Post Project Scenario

Design service volume tentative to be utilized in post project scenario

Incremental rise in PCU due to envisaged traffic movement owing to mining activity

LOS in post project scenario

6000

PC

U/d

ay

PC

U/h

r

PC

U/d

ay

PC

U/h

r

PC

U/d

ay

PC

U/h

r

530 22.08 120 5 650 27.08 10.83 0.02 A

Table No.: 4.52(b) Incremental rise at NH-76 Design Service

Existing Daily

Envisaged Traffic due

Cumulative Movement at

Design service

Incremental rise in

LOS in post

V/C LOS Performance 0.0 - 0.2 A Excellent 0.2 - 0.4 B Very Good 0.4 - 0.6 C Good / Average / Fair 0.6 - 0.8 D Poor 0.8 – 0.9 E Very Poor 1.0 F Worst



Volume PCU/day

Traffic Data to Mining Post Project Scenario

volume tentative to be utilized in post project scenario

PCU due to envisaged traffic movement owing to mining activity

project scenario

15000 P

CU

/day

PC

U/h

r

PC

U/d

ay

PC

U/h

r

PC

U/d

ay

PC

U/h

r

1564 65.17 120 5 3067.5 127.81 20.45 0.008 A

Fig. : 4.26 Transportation Route Map

*****



CHAPTER-5 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

& MITIGATION MEASURES

5.0 GENERAL Any human activity in any environment produces impact, modifying it to a

status which is considered adverse or beneficial according to the damage or

improvement it brings about in physical, chemical and biological status of air,

water, land including biota and in socio-cultural life styles and economy of the

populace it affects. Depending on the nature of activities and existing status,

the impacts are assessed for their importance. On the basis of the impact

analysis, the mitigating action and future monitoring requirement are focused in

the Environmental Management Plan for counting or minimizing adverse

impacts.

Effects of this mining project on each of the environmental parameters are

detailed below in accordance with the parameter of environment likely to be

affected.

- Climate

- Air environment

- Land environment

- Ecology

- Water environment

- Noise levels

- Soil

- Socio-economic environment

- Cultural and Heritage environment

Generally, the environmental impacts can be categorized as either primary or

secondary. Primary impacts are those which can be attributed directly to the project.

On the indirect or induced and typically include the associated investments and

change patterns of social and economic by the proposed actions.

5.1 LAND ENVIRONMENT

5.1.1 ANTICIPATED IMPACTS ON LAND ENVIRONMENT

The Berach River, a tributary of the Banas River, is a river of Rajasthan state in



Western India. The Berach originates in the hills of Udaipur District, North-East of

Udaipur City. The river has a total length of 157 km, and drains a basin of 7,502 km². It

flows North-East through Udaipur, Chittorgarh and Bhilwara districts, joining the Banas

near Bigod village of Bhilwara district. The fortress city of Chittorgarh lies on the

Berach. Its chief tributaries are the Ahar, Wagli Wagon, Gambhiri and Orai, which join

it from the right. The Ayar flows through the city of Udaipur, joining the Berach at the

reservoir of Udai Sagar.

Name of River Berach

Catchment Area 7,502 km2

Longitudes 73°25' and 75°02'

Latitudes 24°29' and 25°14'

Tributaries Ayar, Wagli Wagon, Gambhiri and Orai, joining from the

right

The highest point of the mining lease area is 428 m above mean sea level and the

lowest point of the lease area is 360 m above mean sea level. The project area is

almost flat; the topography is not likely to change as the mined material will get

replenished every year during monsoon. Land used for mining will be 450.89 Ha which

will be temporary as during next rains the excavated river bed will be again filled up

with sediments. Land use of the river bed will not be changed due to river sand mining,

as the excavated river sand will be naturally replenished in next monsoon. Also, river

sand mining will be done in block wise (Total Block: 3) for better replenishment

practices. The scientific mining i.e. systematic removal of sand will not cause bed

degradation and will not affect aquatic environment. There will be no waste water or

waste generation and therefore there will be no degradation of land due to the mining.

Thus no waste dump sites are needed for the project.

5.1.2 IMPACT OF SAND MINING

The proposed extraction of river sand, mining below the existing streambed, and

alteration of channel-bed form and shape leads to several impacts such as erosion of

channel bed and banks, increase in channel slope, and change in channel

morphology.

These impacts may cause:

a. Undercutting and collapse of river banks.



b. Loss of adjacent land and/or structures.

c. Upstream erosion as a result of an increase in channel slope and changes in flow

velocity.

d. Downstream erosion due to increased carrying capacity of the stream

e. Downstream changes in patterns of deposition.

f. Changes in channel bed and habitat type.

5.1.3 MITIGATION MEASURES

Since the project is mainly for sand excavation, no loss of top soil will be involved.

Sand mining will be restricted up to 3 m below river bed or the water table above 1

meter whichever less.

i. The mining will be done in unsaturated zone, thus minimizing loss to habitat.

ii. Care will be taken to ensure that ponding is not formed in the river bed.

iii. Dredging will not be allowed.

iv. A safety zone of 7.5 m has been demarked for mining activities.

Table No.: 5.1 Land use pattern of mining lease area at various phases S. No. Particulars Present

land use (ha)

At the end of 3rd year (ha)

At the end of 5th year (ha)

1 Mining Area 0.0 16.20 45.0 2 Dump area 0.0 - - 3 Safety

zone Permanent Roads (6)

2.50 7.50 7.50

4 Infrastructure office, temp, shelter etc)

- - -


Total 450.89 450.89 450.89 (Source: Approved Mining Plan with Progressive Mine Closure Plan) The applied lease area falls within the Berach River. There is no forest land or

agriculture land in the lease area.

5.1.4 SAND BUDGET & REPLENISHMENT STUDY For ecological & environmental sustainable balance there must be a balance between

river sand mining and replenishment. The imbalance may cause following measure

threatening to the ecosystem of the area/region, especially in arid and semi-arid region

of Rajasthan.Determining the sand budget for a particular stream reach requires site-specific

topographic, hydrologic, and hydraulic information. This information is used to determine the

amount of sand that can be removed from the area without causing undue erosion or



degradation, either at the site or at a nearby location, upstream or downstream. In-channel or

near-channel sand-and-gravel mining changes the sediment budget, and may result in

substantial changes in the channel hydraulics. These interventions can have variable effects on

aquatic habitat, depending on the magnitude and frequency of the disturbance, mining methods,

particle-size characteristics of the sediment, the characteristics of riparian vegetation, and the

magnitude and frequency of hydrologic events following the disturbance. Temporal and spatial

responses of alluvial river systems are a function of geomorphic thresholds, feedbacks, lags,

upstream or downstream transmission of disturbances, and geologic/physiographic controls.

Minimization of the negative effects of sand-and-gravel mining requires a detailed understanding

of the response of the channel to mining disturbances. Decisions on where to mine, how much

and how often require the definition of a reference state, i.e., a minimally acceptable or agreed-

upon physical and biological condition of the channel. Present understanding of alluvial systems

is generally not sufficient to enable the prediction of channel responses quantitatively and with

confidence; therefore, reference states are difficult to determine. Still, a general knowledge of

fluvial processes can provide guidelines to minimize the detrimental effects of mining. Well-

documented cases and related field data are required to properly assess physical, biological, and

economic tradeoffs. F. E. Dendy & G.C. Bottom (U.S. Department or Agriculture, Mississippi)

also carried out a Study on “Sediment Yield runoff drainage area relationship in the United

States”.He used sediment deposition data from more than 500 reservoirs to develop relationship

between sediment yield, drainage-area size, and mean annual runoff. On the average, sediment

yield per unit area was inversely proportional to the 0.16 power of net drainage area for drainage

areas between 1 and 30,000 square miles. Sediment yield to per unit area increased quite

rapidly to about 1,860 tons per square mile per year as runoff increased from 0 to about 2

inches. It then decreased as runoff increased from 2 to about 50 inches.He developed equations

5 and 6 to relate mean sediment yield to mean annunal runoff and drainage – area size. While

these equations explained 75 percent of the variation in average sediment yield, we should

emphasize that they were derived from average values of grouped data. Use of the equations to

predict sediment yield for individual drainage basins would be unwise. Local factor, including

soils, geology , topography, land use , and vegetation, may influence sediment yield much more

than either runoff or drainage area, Actual sediment yield from individual drainage basins may

vary 10- fold or even 100-fold from computed yield.



Fig No.: 5.1 Variation in Computed sediment yield as related to drainage area

Fig No.: 5.2 Observed Versus computed sediment yield

The equations express the general relationships between sediment yields, runoff end

drainage area. They may provide a quick, rough approximation of mean sediment yield

on a regional basis for preliminary watershed planning. Because we derived the

equations from average values, compute sediment yield normally would be low for highly

erosive areas and high for well stabilized drainage basins with high plant density. Mostly,

above studies were candied out on perennial rivers, which flow all around the year, but

the climatic condition of Rajasthan with having an erotic rainfall, these studies dose not

correlate to arid or semi-arid condition.

K. D. Sharma (Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur “CAZRI”) carried out a

study on soil erosion and sediment yield in the Indian arid zone. He stated that High

Sediment Yield is generated in the Indian arid zone due to erratic and torrential rainfall,

sandy and eroded rocky drainage basins and biotic activity. Sediment Yield increases



with increasing rainfall and drainage basin slope and its magnitude depends upon the

nature of surface material. In recent years, it has been confirmed that high sediment

yields are associated with arid/semiarid, seasonal mediterranean and tropical conditions

(Walling & Webb, 1983). A compilation of sediment yields for meso scale drainage

basins suggests that arid basins export 36 times more material than humid temperate

and 21 times more than humid tropical equivalents (Reid & Frostick, 1987). Bare soil is

highly susceptible to replenish and washes erosion, and arid zones produce record

suspended sediment concentrations (Jones, 1981). The sediment not only causes water

quality to deteriorate but also affects physical and biological conditions in the receiving

systems. In the Indian arid zone, the storage capacity of small reservoirs (400 to 700 000

m3) is reduced by 1.9 to 7.8% annually due to sediment deposition (Sharma & Joshi,

1982).

Hydro logically, the arid zone in India (Fig.5.3) consists of three main zones. Zone-I

covers 42,900 km2 and receives major inputs of water from more humid regions, and

supports extensive irrigated agriculture. This is a canal irrigated area and no significant

sedimentation problems are encountered here. Zone II comprises sandy plains,

interdunes plains, sand dunes, eroded rocky/gravelly surfaces and isolated hillocks with

a poorly developed or no stream network (1,48,600 km2). It contains no integrated

stream network in the conventional sense; rather, there is a system of repetitive micro-

hydrology. The internal drainage basins generate high sediment yields under occasional

and sporadic torrential rainfall. Zone-III represents the sloping region with an integrated

stream network (94 280 km2). These are ephemeral channels which remain dry for 90%

of the year. When runoff does occur as a direct response to torrential rainfall, flash floods

result and large quantities of sediment are transported down the valleys. In this zone the

infrequent nature of rainfall and runoff encourages intensive measurement programmers.



Fig No.: 5.3 Hydrological zones of the arid region of India

In the zone of internal drainage (zone-II), the sediment yields have been estimated

through measurement of sediment accumulation in small reservoirs following the

recommendation of McManus & Duck (1985), and Owens & Slay maker (1992). One

hundred small reservoirs were selected by stratified random sampling from a total of

1436 reservoirs occurring in the region. The distribution of the sample was adjusted to

represent the majority of the physiographic environments, soil types, vegetation and

rainfall conditions. In the sandy plain and dune complex environments, the deposited

sediment mainly consists of fine to very fine sand, silt and clay, overlying windblown

loose sand. This layer is deposited during the summer when the reservoirs are dry and

acts as a marker to identify the successive depositional cycles. The sediment deposited

in the younger alluvial environment is composed of medium to fine sand and silt over

which a thin layer of clay is deposited. The occasional presence of gravel in the deposits

acts as a marker to identify the successive depositional cycles. A distinct layer of gravel

mantled by medium to fine sand and silt is the characteristic depositional pattern in the

older alluvial environment; and the proportion of clay is very small in these deposits.

Equal amounts of fine sand, silt and clay are associated with the sediment deposits in

the rocky/gravelly piedmonts. These sediments also contain stone chips. Sediment

samples were obtained from fresh cuts in the beds during May-June 1993, when the

reservoirs were dry. The annual average depth of deposition was calculated from 4 to 6



depth measurements in the bed of the reservoir between two successive marker layers.

This value multiplied by the area of the reservoir provides an estimate of the total volume

of sediment deposited each year. The annual specific sediment yield was obtained by

dividing the total volume of sediment deposited per year by the drainage basin area.

Measurements of drainage basin area and slope were taken from 1:50000 scale

topographic maps.

In the zone with an integrated stream network (zone-III), information on the spatial

variation of stream discharge and sediment yield has been obtained from 34 gauging

stations which are located on various tributaries of the Luni River. Hourly stage heights

were observed at each station during periods of flow and discharge has been calculated

by the slope-area method, with values for the roughness coefficient of these sand bed

channels taken from Vangani & Kalla (1985). The initial water sample is taken at the

onset of flow, and subsequent samples are collected at irregular intervals and with

significant changes in the discharge until the flow ceases. The samples were collected

using a US DH-48 depth integrating suspended sediment wading type hand sampler,

employing the equal transit rate method as recommended by Jones (1981) for arid

regions. The samples thus collected were transported to the laboratory and subjected to

standard concentration analysis by filtration and evaporation. The resulting data,

together with recorded runoff rates, provided a reasonably accurate representation of the

variation of sediment concentration during each flow event, as well as permitting the

computation of sediment yield. These data were collected for 16 years over the period

1979-1994.As with the effective rainfall distribution, the largest number of events is found

in the smallest sediment yield class of 0-100 t km2; thus providing a positively skewed

unmoral frequency distribution (Sharma et al., 1994). Chang & Stow (1988) observed

that catastrophic flood events caused the highest sediment loss from drainage basins in

the arid zone. Thus, while sediment production occurs more generally in the drainage

basin, significant sediment delivery is limited to major flood flows. The relationship

between sediment yield and effective rainfall is depicted in Fig. 5.4. Wide variations in

the magnitude of annual sediment yield were observed among the various physiographic

regions encountered in the Indian arid zone (Table 5.2).



Fig No.: 5.4 Sediment yield as a function of effective rainfall

The older alluvial plain has the highest sediment yield, while the younger alluvial plain

has the lowest. The sediment yields from the rocky/gravelly piedmont, dune complex and

sandy plain areas lie between these two extremes. Except for the higher sediment yields

from the older alluvial plain and the rocky/gravelly piedmont, the annual sediment yields

from the other physiographic regions are in agreement with the mean rates of 2.6, 4.0

and 4.6 m3 ha-1 year-1 reported from the arid regions of Australia, Tanzania and USA,

respectively (Jones, 1981), under the similar rainfall conditions.

Table No.: 5.2 Annual sediment yields in the Indian arid zone

Physiographic region Average sediment yield ( m 3 ha-1 year-1 )

No. of observation

Sandy plain 3.4 36 Dune complex 4.8 18 Younger alluvial Plain 2.7 30 Older alluvial Plain 18.4 5 Rocky /gravelly piedmont

14.3 11



Fig No.: 5.5 Mean annual sediment yield as a function of (a) mean annual rainfall, and (b) drainage basin slope for the indicated lithogies

This is due to the presence of greater amounts of readily transported loose material in

the drainage basin at the onset of the first event of the wet season. The supply of this

loose material decreases progressively during a sequence of storm events, due to

shorter intervals that allow less biotic activity. As the study area fall in arid and semi-arid

climate condition and papers (K. D. Sharma) based on collected data and observations,

Souads to be more realistic used for calculation of replenishment for river sand mining

projects.

Total Catchment area of River: 203 Sqkm (20327 Ha.) Table: 2.5 Total sediment yields per year

Physiographic region Average Sediment yield (M3Ha-1 year-1)

Sediment yield (T Ha-1 Year-1)

Catchment Area in Hect.

Total Load ( Lac Tonne)

Sandy Plain 3.40 4.76 9200 0.44

Dune Complex 4.80 6.72 6500 0.44

Younger Alluvial Plain 2.70 3.78 1540 0.06

Older Alluvial Plain 18.40 25.76 1665 0.43

Rocky/ Gravelly piedmont 14.30 20.02 1422 0.28

Total

1.65



Source: K.D. Sharma, CAZRI, Jodhpur Replenishment of River in Chittorgarh Tehsil: 73.00 %

Total Catchment area of River is 203 Sqkm Sediment quantity of sand in the proposed

area calculated by different available methods & Equation.i.e Dandy-Bolton & case study

by K.D.Sharma (CAZRI, Jodhpur).The finally we have estimated, the repleshiment of

sand.

5.2 WATER ENVIRONMENT 5.2.1 ANTICIPATED IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT

The water demand for the project is very minimal. Total water requirement will be 3.0

KLD, utilized for drinking as well as dust suppression and plantation purpose. Mining

of sand from within or near a streambed has a direct impact on the stream’s physical

habitat characteristics. These characteristics include geometry, bed evaluation,

substrate composition and stability, in stream roughness elements, depth, velocity,

turbidity, sediment transport, stream discharge and temperature. Altering these

habitat characteristics can have deleterious impacts on both in stream biota and

associated riparian habitat. The detrimental effects, if any, to biota resulting from bed

material mining are caused by three main processes:

i. Alteration of flow patterns resulting from modification of the river bed.

ii. An excess of suspended sediment.

iii. Damage to riparian vegetation and in stream habitat.

As the project activity will be carried out in the river bed, none of the project activities

affect the water environment or riparian habitats. In the projects, it is not proposed to

divert or truncate any stream. No proposal is envisaged for pumping of water either

from the river or tapping the ground water. In the lean months, the proposed sand

mining will not expose the base flow of the river and hence, there will not be any

adverse impact on surface hydrology and ground water regime due to excavation of

river sand. The elevation of the proposed area of excavation is in the range of 428 m

to 360 m above MSL. Thus, the project activities will not have any adverse affect on

the physical components of the environment and therefore will not have any effect on

the recharge of ground waters or affect the water quality.


During the lease period, the mining activities will be confined to 3.0 m depth from



surface level of river bed. Mining will be avoided during the monsoon season. This

will help in replenishment of sand in the river bed. River stream will not be diverted to

form inactive channels. As mining will not intersect ground water and also not pollute

the quality of water. The domestic effluent generated from office toilets will be

discharged into septic tank pit via soak pit. Water Quality Monitoring for the ground

water, river water and other surface water bodies will be carried out seasonally to

ensure that the water quality is not affected by the project activities. No waste water

will be generated from the mining activity of minor minerals as the project only

involves lifting of sand, Bajri & boulders from river bed. Mining neither intersect

ground water table nor river bed water level. So not at all disturbing water

environment.

5.3 AIR ENVIRONMENT

The mining activities will be confined to the river bed, to extract soft sediments,

without drilling & blasting, by semi-mechanized method of mining. The activities in the

regular operation can be broadly classified into excavation, loading and transport. As

the proposed activity is only a collection and sand normally having moisture does not

have much impact on the Air Environment. The generation of dust will be negligible

and the air quality will be marginally affected. However, control measures like water

sprinkling on haul road are required to reduce the dust level and keep it within

permissible limit.

However, the impacts due to the various activities during operational phase of the

proposed sand mining project are given here under:

Table No.: 5.3 Impacts due to activity

S. No. Activity Environmental Impacts

1 Sand Excavation Emission of fugitive dust

2 Sand Loading Emission of fugitive dust

3 Sand Transportation Emission of fugitive dust

Vehicular exhaust Emission

5.3.1 IMPACTS OF THE SAND EXCAVATION

Daily, around 800 ton of sand will be excavated. Excavation is proposed to carry out

by Backhoe. During the excavation time, the sand may be discharged in to air

environment. However, as the area experiences calm winds during most of the times

the displacement of sand by air will be very insignificant. However, even such small



quantities also need to be addressed in the project.

5.3.2 IMPACTS OF THE SAND LOADING IN TO TRUCKS Daily around 807 ton sand will be loaded in to the trucks for transportation to the

nearby areas. Loading of sand in to the trucks may likely to release particulate

matter.

5.3.3 SAND TRANSPORTATION

It is envisaged that about 40 trucks will transport about 800 tonne of sand per day to

the nearby areas. The transportation is done on road by trucks with a capacity of 20

Ton. Thus, the transportation process also contributes to vehicular emissions like

SO2, NO2, CO and PM10.

5.3.4 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR AIR POLLUTION

In the sand mine, air pollution is caused mainly due to dust generation added with

gaseous emission from mining activities like loading & transport etc. The gaseous

pollutants (SO2, NO2, & CO) are anticipated by transportation vehicles.

A. DUST POLLUTION

One of the main pollutants in air will be Particulate Matter (PM), which will be generated during various activities of mining such as extraction of sand, and movement of vehicles. Following measures is been taken to minimize air pollution.

· Haulage road will be adequately sprayed with water by water sprinkler.

· The haul roads in the area will be made compact. Both sides of the haul roads will be

planted with trees to arrest air borne dust.

· Green belt/plantation will be developed all along the haul roads and other places to

arrest dust.

· Dust mask/Face mask will be provided to all employees working in the likely dusty

areas.

· Proper maintenance of vehicles is been done, which minimize the pollutants.

· Ambient Air Quality Monitoring is been conducted on regular basis to assess the

quality of ambient air as per the EC conditions and submitted to respective

authorities.

· Proper tuning of vehicles to keep the gas emissions under check.

5.3.5 AIR QUALITY MODELING

The major sources for the Fugitive dust emissions from the proposed sand mining

project near the meander part of the Berach river bed at Kapasan & Chittorgarh

district, includes:

1 Sand excavation



2 Sand Loading on to trucks

3 Sand transportation to local market

For each, a brief description characterizing the source and the general methodology

used to estimate emission rates are provided. Based on USEPA emission factors,

the possible emissions from different mining activities such as excavation, loading

and transportation has been computed. The summary of emissions for peak rated

production capacity of 100% from different mining activities calculated.

In order to predict the Particulate emissions, AERMOD View 8.2 Model was used to

predict changes in air quality i.e. maximum Ground Level Concentration (GLC’s) of

particulate matter, due to the various sand mining activities of the proposed project.

The model uses the steady state Gaussian plume equation for continuous source.

For convenience, 10000 m X 10000 m square block by keeping project centre

coordinates as (0.000, 0.000) has been selected for modeling so as to include all the

air quality baseline monitoring stations in the block. The GLC’s were predicted for

Environment Management Plan with 90% of pollution control for peak production

capacity. The

5.3.6 AIR QUALITY IMPACT PREDICTIONS (AQIP)

The air quality in the mining areas depends on the nature and concentration of

emissions and meteorological conditions. The major sources of air pollution due to

the mine is dust generation due to excavation, loading and transportation of mineral,

wind erosion of exposed material. Dust emissions from these operations mainly

depend on moisture content of the sand and type of control measure adopted. In this

study, United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA – 42 series) approved

mathematical equations have been used to predict concentrations for different

operations in mining including the mineral transportation. The major sources for the

Fugitive dust emissions from the proposed sand mining project include:

Ø Sand excavation

Ø Sand Loading on to trucks

Ø Sand transportation to designated sites/market

DETAILS OF SOURCE & EMISSIONS

1. AREA SOURCE EMISSION

Air pollution i.e. fugitive & dust emission will be generated due to excavation and

handling of sand.

2. LINE SOURCE EMISSION



Pollution due to vehicular movement is main source of line source emissions in

mining activities. Surface conditions of the roads and the fuel consumption of the

vehicles remains on the worst side due to which these emissions rate remains higher

as the vehicular density increases. The major sources of line emissions during

mining activities are the vehicular exhausts and dust due vehicle movement. The

major emissions from this source are carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide and Sulphur

dioxide etc.

Air quality modeling was done using line source model as published by USEPA

“Workbook of Dispersion Modeling” by Turner, for transportation though roads and

the empirical emission factor equations from USEPA. Emission factors to be used in

Line source Dispersion equation is adopted from formula as given below:

E= k * (1.7) * (s/12)*(S/48) * (W/2.7)0.7 * (w/4)0.5 * (365-p/365) kg/VKT

Where E = Emission Rate (kg/VKT)

k= Particle size multiplier = (0.36)

s = Silt Content of the Road surface material (%) = 12%

S = Mean Vehicle Speed (km/hr) = 20 km/hr

W=Mean Vehicle Weight (tonnes) = 20 tonne

w= Mean number of wheels = 8

p= Number of days with at least 0.254 mm of precipitation per year = 20

f = frequency of Vehicle movement in no per hour = 13 vehicles / hour

Concentration of the fugitive dust was calculated using the empirical equations for unpaved roads published by USEPA- AP42. Table No.: 5.4 Area Source Emissions–Sand Excavation

Particulars PM10

Production capacity, Tonne per

Annum

2,26,000

Production capacity, Tonne per Day 807

Operational Hours per year 2240

USEPA Emission Equation in lb/ton 0.75[18.6 (s)1.5 / (M)1.4 ]

Emission of dust, g/sec 0.006414

Area of influence, m2 10000 sqm

Uncontrolled Emission Rate, G/S/M2 0.0000064



Table No.: 5.5 Haulage Emissions (unpaved)–Transport of sand

Particulars PM10

Production capacity, Tonne per

Annum

2,26,000

Production capacity, Tonne per Day 807

Total Block 3

Operational Hours per day 8

Capacity of each truck 20 ton

Total no. of trucks per day 40

Total no. of trucks per hour 5

Lead Length per trip,km 40 km (Two way)

USEPA Emission Equation in lb/VMT

(Pounds per vehicle miles traveled)

[(k) x [(s/12)^0.9] x [(W/3)^0.45]

((365-p)/365))

Emission, kg/VKmT (kilogram per

vehicle kilometer traveled)

0.796 Ib/VMT

0.224 (Kg/VMT)

Area of influence, m2 10,000

Uncontrolled Emission Rate, G/S/M2 0.000022

(Emission factor computed based on silt content of 12 % and moisture content of 10%)

For each, a brief description characterizing the source and the general methodology

used to estimate emission rates are provided. Based on USEPA emission factors,

the possible emissions from different mining activities such as excavation, loading

and transportation has been computed. The summary of emissions for peak rated

production capacity of 100% from different mining activities calculated.

A substantial portion of these emissions may consist of heavy particles that settle out

within the mining site. Considering the silt content of the mining sand (12%) with

moisture content (10%).

5.3.7 AIR QUALITY MODELING

In order to predict the Particulate emissions, AERMOD 8.2 View Model was used to

predict changes in air quality i.e. maximum Ground Level Concentration (GLC’s) of

particulate matter, due to the various sand mining activities of the proposed project.

The model uses the steady state Gaussian plume equation for continuous source.

For convenience, 10000 m X 10000 m square block by keeping project centre

coordinates as (0.000, 0.000) has been selected for modeling so as to include all the



air quality baseline monitoring stations in the block. The GLC’s were predicted for

Environment Management Plan with 90% of pollution control for peak production

capacity .The inputs required for the model is:

§ Hourly meteorological data § Source data § Receptor data § Emission rate § Terrain data

Fig No.: 5.7 Isopleths showing predicted incremental GLC’s of PM10

5.3.8 RESULT AND CONCLUSION

The ground level concentrations are computed for 24-hrs average. The maximum

ground level concentrations of PM10 from the different mining activities for study

period with EMP are given in Table No 5.7.The cumulative concentration (baseline +

incremental) after implementation of the project are tabulated below in Table: 5.7.

The maximum GLCs after implementation of the project are likely to be within the

prescribed NAAQ standards.

TABLE: 5.7 Cumulative Concentration of Pollutants (Baseline + Incremental)



Sampling Location

Max. Base line conc. (µg/m3 )

Predicted incremental Max. conc. µg/m3

Cumulative max. conc. µg/m3

Prescribed Standards in Day Time in µg/m3

PM

1 0

PM

1 0

PM

1 0

PM

1 0

Bherido 79.64 3.03 82.67 100 Sunwaniya 79.55 2.95 82.5

Chittorgarh Urban

79.88 2.54 82.42

Barkhera 79.25 1.57 80.82

Unkhliya 79.68 1.99 81.67

Pandoli 79.98 2.13 82.11

From the results of AERMOD 8.2 models, it is concluded that the maximum cumulative

concentrations of PM10 both due to mining activities and transportation are expected to be

within the prescribed standards for PM10 (82.67 ug/m3 at Bherido village near Core Zone

area).

§ The major contribution to the cumulative concentration level is coming from

transportation on haul road in comparison to mining activities which are confined to

mine lease.

The maximum impact of incremental concentration due to loading activity at mine site is

confined to limited distance (200-300 m) only. Beyond 200-300m distance the

concentration of PM10 due to mining activities is expected to be lower due to settlement

of PM10 particles over short distances. The same confirmed by the low predicted

concentration levels of PM10 at ambient air quality stations (Figure 5.7).

§ The incremental concentration due to transportation is extended over vast area due

to long haul of bajri over unpaved roads. However, these concentration levels will be

limited to the length of unpaved haul road from the mining lease area until nearest

paved roads.

§ The concentration of CO due to vehicle exhaust is negligible due to small number of

vehicles plying on haul road.

§ The concentrations of SOx and NOx generated from mining area are expected to be

low due to absence of any major source.



§ The predicted concentrations are due to proposed bajri mine only and higher

pollutant concentrations may be observed in the study area due to simultaneous

operations of other mines / anthropogenic activities, data for which is not available.

§ The overall impact on air quality due to proposed mining project is expected to be

low extending to close vicinity of mining lease area and in proximity of unpaved haul

roads only.

5.4 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

Noise will be generated by movement of vehicles used for transportation and

machines used for excavation. Noise environment in this project will be affected only

by the equipment at the site and vehicular transportation. Since mining is done semi-

mechanically, slight increase in noise levels can be expected. Noise pollution can

cause significant impact on the environment and subsequently on the humans.

Baseline Noise levels are observed to be well within the limits in the monitored

villages. However, after applying the mitigation measures noise pollution will be

reduced further.

5.4.1 ANTICIPATED IMPACTS

The proposed sand mining project consists of three major activities as brought out

earlier. The following Table: 5.8 indicate the impacts due to various activities on

noise environment:

Table No.: 5.8 Impacts Due To Activity

S. No. Activity Environmental Impacts

1 Sand Excavation Slight increase in Noise Levels

2 Sand Loading Slight increase in Noise Levels

3 Sand Transportation Slight increase in Noise Levels


· Since the noise generating is only through mechanical equipment and movement

of vehicles, strict compliance to periodical maintenance the vehicle conditions will

be insisted.

· No working will be carried out in the night hours.

· Greenbelt and plantation on road side will help in reduce noise level.

5.5 SOLID/OB MANAGEMENT



There is no top soil in the lease area. No overburden and waste is likely to be

generated during lease period.

5.6 IMPACT ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

5.6 IMPACT ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

The mining lease area is in non-forest land where presence of fauna is very rare. As

such, there will be no adverse impact of the mining activity on fauna around the

mining lease area.The proposed mining activity is on the Banas River bed. Since the

mining activity is on the bed away from the river flow, therefore there shall be no

impact on the aquatic flora and fauna. Excessive and unscientific riverbed sand

mining results in the destruction of aquatic and riparian habitat through large

changes in the channel morphology. Access roads crossing the riparian areas will

have impact on the species disturbing the ecosystem. Mining may drive away the

wild life from their habitat, and significantly affect wildlife and nearby residents.

Reduction in the yield of agriculture due to deposition of dust on the leaves,etc. of

the crops. Fragmentation of wildlife habitat and blocking of migratory paths may lead

to local decline of species, or genetic. Mining on the streambed, braided flow or

subsurface inter-sand flow may hinder the movement of fishes between pools.

Mitigation measures

As the proposed mining will be carried out in a scientific manner, not much significant

impact is anticipated, however, the following mitigation measures will be taken to

further minimize it:

1. No mining will be carried out during the monsoon season to minimize impact on

aquatic life which is mainly breeding season for many of the species.

2. As the mining site has no vegetation, no clearance of vegetation will be done.

3. Prior to closure of mining operations / during the rainy season the eroded bank will

be restored / reclaimed to minimize negative impacts on aquatic habitats.

4. Haul roads will be sprinkled with water which would reduce the dust emission, thus

avoiding damage to the crops.

5. Mining will be carried out on the dry part of the lease area to avoid disturbance to

the aquatic habitat and movement of fish species.

6. If wildlife are noticed crossing the area, they will not be disturbed at all.

7. Workers will be made aware of the importance of the wildlife and signage will be

displayed at the sensitive areas to caution the workers & other passerby.



8. Access roads will not encroach into the riparian zones and if any riparian

vegetation cleared off for the mining activity will be restored at the end of closure of

mine.

5.6.5 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT

The proposed green belt in the lease area will to be designed taking into

consideration the availability of area as the efficacy of green belt in pollution control

mainly depends on width of green belt, distance from pollution sources, site of the

habitat from working place and tree height & density. While considering the above

aspects due care will be taken for selecting suitable characteristics plant species as

those fast growing and evergreen trees, trees with large leaf area, locally suitable

plant species, those resistant to specific pollutant and those which would maintain the

regional ecological balance, soil and hydrological conditions. Year wise plantation

program is given in Chapter: 9.

5.7 SOCIO- ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

5.7.1 ANTICIPATED IMPACTS

The project activities will not have any adverse impacts on any of the common

property resources of the village communities, as the sand mine lease area is not

being used for any purpose by any section of the society in this region. There is no

R&R & land acquisition involvement in this project. There is no impact of mining on

local residents of the area as habitation is away from the applied lease area. The

maximum persons will be employed form nearby villages. There is no source of

employment is nearby area in this region and thus the employment will develop by

the proposed mining activity in nearby area. The applicant after become lessee will

help in maintenance of village unpaved roads with request of local Panchyat Samiti.

The lessee will provide maximum assistant to local body on their request. The lessee

will develop the plantation along the roads. The lessee will contribute some fund

from the income and the fund will use only for the social development of the people

in the field of Education and Medical.

Due to differences in geographical locations and climatic conditions, views of

respondents and indeed, actual ecological effects of river sand mining, also differed.

Results from respondents showed that the single most important effect of river sand

mining area is change in river depth and possible change in river bank. Agriculture

area located on the river bank may get land erosion problem. This was particularly

because agriculture is the predominant economic activity along the river area.



Agricultural activities are often undertaken in the rainy season, and during the dry

season farmers spend their time in land preparation.

Another significant effect of river sand mining is the abandoned pits serving as a

source of breeding grounds for mosquitoes for example, and the resultant spread of

Malaria and other related diseases. During rainy seasons, the abandoned pits collect

water and as a result attract Malaria parasites resulting in infection of community

people. Other diseases such as Cholera, Dysentery and Diarrhea, among others, are

associated with the mining activities.

The important finding gathered was the occurrence of mining activities along rivers

and other water bodies. Mining activities along these rivers can retard free flow of the

water course. Such direct in-stream mining can alter the channel geometry and bed

elevation and may involve extensive clearing, diversion of flow, stockpiling of

sediment, and excavation of deep pits. This can also result in significant distortion of

the channel morphology, which often causes silting as a result of erosion of the

banks and consequent flooding, which may worsen especially during high

precipitation. Machinery which is used to extract sand sometimes disturbs the

vegetation and further exposes the area to erosion and harsh weather conditions.

This can as well cause loss of the protection provided by soil as it filters out

pollutants and can further affect aquatic life in such riverine areas.


The following mitigation measures will be taken to solve the problems/points raised

by local people during field survey:

· To protect the agricultural area on the river bank an utmost care will be taken while

working in such areas where agriculture is practiced. Agricultural fields will be

protected by river bolder where ever the possibility of river erosion will be felt.

· To avoid the possibility of spread of Malaria due to stagnant water, no pit will be

created due to excavation of river sand. However if water is accumulated after the

rainy season anti-mosquito treatment like Fogging, spread of Kerosene etc. will be

done in the areas.

· A proper road and transportation net work will be developed for movement of vehicle

and machinery. No major changed in the vegetative cover is anticipated. However

the development of greenbelt has already been suggested.

5.7.3 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ACTIVITIES

WELFARE AMENITIES



The surrounding villages will also be benefited from the proposed welfare amenities.

Following activities will be taken as a part of corporate Responsibility.

1. Regular health check up camps for the workers engaged in mines shall be

organized.

2. Occupational health surveillance programme of the workers shall be undertaken

periodically to observe any contractions due to exposure to dust and take

corrective measures, if required.

3. Insurance cover to all workers engaged in mines shall be provided.

4. Vocational training shall be imparted to the workers.

5. Local needs of habitants like school, crèche, veterinary hospital, sanitation,

drinking water etc. shall be considered positive.

The environmental management plan has been developed with a view to bring down the

levels of impacts as discussed in the last chapter within limits. In each of the areas of

impact, measures have to be taken to reduce potentially significant adverse impacts and

where these are beneficial in nature, such impacts are to be enhanced/ augmented so that

the overall adverse impacts are reduced to as low level as possible. For the socio economic

development about 11 lacs will be spent up to operational phase.

There will be over all positive effect on social life on the local people, as they will get job

opportunity, transport and medical facilities so the mining activities will benefit them directly

or indirectly.

1. Ordinary sand production and employment opportunities.

2. Reduction in the migration of jobless laborers from native place to other distant places.

3. Interaction of local people with outsides, and improvement in communication, which will

enhance their present status of knowledge and confidence.

Table: 5.9 Details about CSR

Particulars Activity Rs in Lacs

Capital Cost Recurring Cost

Education § Distribution of school bags and

stationary items to school children,

§ Distribution of books in school.

§ Renovation of school building.

§ Distribution of sports goods in

school children.

3.0 1.0

Health Ø General health camps for near by

villagers.

3.0 1.0



Ø Health check up camps for workers

& Villagers

Ø Medical Examination

Ø Medical Camps .i.e. Blood

Donation,Diabeties, B.P ,Eye Camp

etc

Ø Helping to govt. programs to

vaccination / polio/ TB etc.

Infrastructure

Developement

Ø Renovation of nearby community

hall, school buildings, Aaganbari

Center, repairs of school terrace.

Ø Construction of washroom in near

villages.

2.0 0.6

Drinking water

& other

facilities.

Ø Support for supply of drinking water.

Ø Awareness program for villagers.

2.0 0.7

Training Skilled Development Programme

Training & awareness programmes to

enhancement of farming practices

Integrated Livestock Development

activities

Need based training for valuaddition to

artisan

Training for Truck Drivers and assistant

1.0 0.7

Total 11.00 4.00

5.8. IMPACTS DUE TO TRANSPORTATION

The sand produced from the mine is to be consumed by different

construction/Infrastructural projects located at Chittorgarh and adjoining areas.

Transportation of mined out mineral from the river bed will be transported by

hired Dumpers, Tractors, and Trucks. Total production from the proposed lease

area will be 2.26 LTPA. About 40 trucks per day will be required in this mining

project. Capacity of each truck is 20 Ton. The proposed increase in traffic density

will not cause significant impact on the traffic since the connecting NH-79 and

nearby Highway NH-76 is capable of handling this increase in traffic density.



5.8.1 Traffic Management

§ Transport trucks/tippers shall be properly maintained.

§ Avoiding of overloading of trucks beyond stipulated capacity by installing

weighbridges

at the check posts or near to it.

§ The trucks will be properly covered with tarpaulin and overloading will not be allowed

to avoid spillage on roads.

§ Strict compliance of traffic rules and regulations

The Hon’ble High Court of Judicature for Rajasthan at Jaipur Bench, vide its interim

order dated 14-08-2014, in S.B.Civil Miscellaneous Stay Application 8034/2014 in

S.B.CWP No. 2372/2014 in the matter of overloading and illegal mining, had passed

certain directions as interim measures, fixing responsibilities on LOI holders directed

them to install weighing machines at the check post or close to the check post now

existing. However, machine would remain under the supervision of Mining

Department as well as Transport Department who will be responsible for proper

upkeep of records and data for regulating the loading capacity of trucks. It has also

directed Transport department to keep the records of trucks carrying bajri to avoid

overloading and if found otherwise to take action as per Motor Vehicle Act and Rules

made thereunder. It should not only take pecuniary action but take stringent action

like seizure of the truck. Taking strong note in the matter of illegal mining the Hon’ble

High Court had directed the Police Department specifically the concerned SHO where

illegal mining is reported to register the case and cause seizure of the mining

machine.

5.9 MINE CLOSURE

Mine closure plan is the most important environmental requirement in mineral

mining projects. The mine closure plan should cover technical, environmental,

social, legal and financial aspects dealing with progressive and post-closure

activities. The primary aim is to ensure that the following broad objectives along with

the abandonment of the mine can be successfully achieved:

Ø To minimize environmental damage.

Ø To conserve valuable attributes and aesthetics.

Ø To overcome adverse socio-economic impacts.



Ø To create a productive and sustainable after use for the site, acceptable to

mine owner, regulatory agencies and the public.

Ø To protect public health and safety of surrounding habitation.

5.9.1 MINE CLOSURE CRITERIA

The criterion involved in mine closure is defined in relation to following key issues.

· Compatibility with agreed post –mining land use

· Physical stability

· Low risk to biota

· Physical stability

· Revegetation and other improvements

5.10 STATUATORY REQUIREMENTS

It is accepted that effective resource management cannot be done in isolation. The

Mining Department therefore pursues approaches towards coordination and

integration where possible, which has led to coordinated regulatory systems.

A regulatory system consists of both statutory and non-statutory components. In the

sectoral- specific strategy for prospecting and mining, the Department participates

within an integrated environmental management system which is administered in

terms of the Acts and Rules. Other Acts dealing with matters relating to the

conservation and protection of the environment and which a holder of a mining

authorization must also take cognizance of, include inter alia, the following:

· The Mines Act, 1952

· The Mines and Mineral (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957

· Mines Rules, 1955

· Mineral Concession Rules, 1960

· Mineral Conservation and Development Rules, 1988

· State Minor Mineral Concession Rules, 1960

· The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974

· The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

· The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

· The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1988

· The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972

*******************



CHAPTER- 6

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

6.1 SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

Environmental Monitoring Program includes periodic analysis of Air, Soil, Noise and

Water, Samples. Environmental monitoring will be conducted on regular basis to

assess the pollution level in the ML area as well in the surrounding areas. Therefore,

regular monitoring program of the environmental parameters is essential to take into

account the changes in the environment. The objectives of monitoring are:

§ To identify the state of pollution within the ML area.

§ To verify the result of the impact assessment study in particular with regards to new

developments.

§ Generate data for predictive or corrective purpose in respect of pollution.

§ To assess and monitor the environmental impacts.

§ To establish a database for future Impact Assessment Studies for new projects.

6.2 METHODOLOGY OF MONITORING

Post project monitoring will be carried out as per conditions stipulated in

Environmental Clearance Letter issued by MoEF, Consent issued by SPCB as well

as according to CPCB guidelines. The following table is showing details of Post

Project Monitoring program:

Table No.: 6.1 Post Project Monitoring Programme

S. No. Potential Impact

Description of Parameters Parameters for monitoring

Frequency of monitoring

1 Ambient Air Air Quality: a) In the vicinity of the mine b) In the vicinity of the transportation Network c) Dust suppression on roads d) Scraping/ bulldozing of road to shift accumulated dust to the sides

PM10, SO2, NOx and CO

As per CPCB/ RSPCB requirement

Vehicle trips to be minimized to the extent possible

Vehicle logs Daily records

2 Ambient Noise Level

Equipment and machinery noise levels, & occupational exposures

Leq (night) Leq (day)

Periodic during operation phase

Generation of vehicular noise

Maintain records of

Periodic during



vehicles operation phase

3 Water quality and water levels

Samples from the nearby surface water bodies and ground water samples from the nearby villages

Physico-chemical and instrumental methods of analysis. For the parameters prescribed in the consent conditions of state pollution Control Board.


4 Maintenance of flora and fauna

Vegetation, greenbelt/ green cover development

Tree Plantation


5 Soil quality Maintenance of good soil quality

Physico- chemical parameters

Periodical Monitoring

6 Health Surveillance

Employees All relevant parameters including HIV

Regular checkups

6.3 POST PROJECT MONITORING PLAN

6.3.1 AIR QUALITY MONITORING Air quality monitoring is essential for evaluation of the effectiveness of abatement

Program and to develop appropriate control measures. M/s. SCIL will monitor

fugitive dust emissions at locations of nearest human habitations and other public

amenities located nearest to sources of dust generation, in and around the proposed

sand mining project at a frequency of once in a fortnight or any other frequency as

stipulated by MoEF and take appropriate air pollution control measures in order to

ensure that the concentration of PM10, SO2 and NO2 are within the limits. The

monitoring records will be submitted to MoEF regularly.

PARAMETERS

As per MoEF guidelines, the concentration of Particulate Matter (PM10), Sulphur

dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) will be monitored in upwind, downwind

and crosswind direction and also covering all sensitive receptors, along with



adequate meteorological measurement for proper interpretation of data.

METHODOLOGY

Respirable dust sampler with gaseous sampling attachment will be used for

monitoring of air quality for parameters viz., PM10, SO2 and NO2 with a sampling

frequency of 24 hours duration. Sampling and analysis will be carried out as per IS-

5182:1999 for measurement of Air Pollution. PM10 will be analyzed gravimetrically,

SO2 will be analyzed by improved west and Gaeke method and NO2 will be analyzed

as per Jacob & Hochheiser Modified (Na-Aresnite) Method.

The National Ambient Air Quality Standards, MoEF Notification: GSR 826 (E), November 16th, 2009 is made applicable to sand mining project.

6.3.2 WATER QUALITY MONITORING

Water Quality monitoring involves periodical assessment of quality of ground water and surface water near the river sand mining project. All the parameters as given in Part - A of General Standards for Discharge of

Environmental Pollutants, GSR 801 (E) Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986

prescribed by CPCB will be analyzed for all the effluents for assessing the overall

quality of effluents. Surface water samples will be analyzed for all the parameters as

per CPCB Guidelines and ground water samples will be analyzed for all the

parameters as per IS-10500.

METHODOLOGY

The sample collection, procedures for sample preservation and methods of analysis

are followed as per Standard Methods for examination of Water and Waste water

analysis published by American Public Health Association (APHA).

FREQUENCY OF MONITORING

Monitoring of water samples will be done at a frequency of once in each season.

The following standards will be followed for complete analysis of water samples;

Surface water: As per CPCB Guidelines Ground water: BIS-10500:2012

6.3.3 NOISE LEVEL MONITORING Noise level monitoring will be done for achieving the following objectives:

(i) To compare sound levels with the values specified in noise regulations.

(ii)To determine the need and extent of noise control of various noise generating

sources.

(iii) Correlation of noise levels with community response to noise levels.

Noise level monitoring will be done at the work zone to assess the occupational

noise exposure levels. Noise levels will also be monitored at the noise generating



sources like sand handling arrangements, vehicle maintenance workshop and also

nearby villages for studying the impact due to higher noise levels for taking

necessary control measures at the source.

PARAMETERS

The noise level recordings will be measured in dB (A) Leq values, where dB (A)

denotes the time weighted average of the level of sound in decibels on scale A,

which is relatable to human hearing.

FREQUENCY OF MONITORING

Monitoring frequency for noise levels will be once in a fortnight. MoEF has stipulated

that noise levels have to be monitored between 6.00 AM to 10.00 PM for day time

and 10.00 PM to 6.00 AM for night time.

6.3.4 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT

Vegetation development is proposed along the bank of river and along road sides of

approach roads. While selecting plant species preference will be given for planting

native species of the area and shall have soil binding capacity. RFPPL will supply

saplings to surrounding villagers for green belt development in their villages and

encourage the plantation by means of social forestry.

Green belt development as per the scheduled plan will be reviewed every year

plantation records will be maintained for period of plantation, area under plantation,

length of avenue plantation, type of species density of planted area and survival rate.

6.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING CELL Apart from having an Environmental Management Plan, it is also necessary to have

a permanent organizational set up charged with the task of ensuring its effective

implementation of mitigation measures and to conduct environmental monitoring. In

this effect, M/s. SCIL will assign responsibilities to officers from various disciplines to

co-ordinate the activities concerned with management and implementation of

environment control measures. Basically, this department undertakes the monitoring

of environmental pollution level by measuring, Ambient Air Quality, Water and

Effluent Quality, Noise Level, etc., either departmentally or appointing external

agency whenever required. The Environmental and Safety Department will also

looking after for preparation of environment statement, carrying out environment

audit, preparation of Consent to establish & Consent to operate.

Environmental monitoring cell will be established for monitoring of important and

crucial environmental parameters which are of immense importance to assess the

status of environment during sand mine operation.



ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL

In order to carry out the environmental monitoring, EMC will perform the following activities: § EMC will oversee that environmental control measures are implemented as per

approved action plan.

§ Identify and record the constraints in respect of environmental planning and

implementation.

§ Systematically document and record keeping w.r.t. environmental issues.

§ Field monitoring and laboratory analysis.

§ Monitoring of plantation development.

§ Environmental compliance to the regulatory authorities.

§ Communication with the concerned departments on the environmental issues.

Interact and liaison with State/Central Government departments.

§ To monitor compliance of environmental regulations.

§ Continual improvement in environmental performance.

§ To follow proper documentation and monitoring procedures, for developing better

environmental management systems at the mine.

§ To keep up with regulatory requirements and arrange for the necessary

certificates

Manager (Mines & Environment)

Mine Foreman

Supervisor

Environment Management Cell

Head of the Environment



or consents viz., air and water.

§ To conduct yearly environmental monitoring and submit the statement to RSPCB.

6.5 REPORTING SCHEDULES OF MONITORED DATA

The monitored data on Air Quality, Water Quality, Soil Quality and Noise Levels, will

be periodically examined for taking necessary corrective measures. The monitored

data will be submitted to Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board (RSPCB). The

post-project data will be submitted in half-yearly monitoring reports to the same.

***************************



CHAPTER – 7

ADDITIONAL STUDIES

7.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATION

As per the provisions of Environmental Impact Assessment Notification dated 14-09-

2006 issued by Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India; and vide District

Collector letter no. fodkl@i&6¼2&1½2015@233 dated 17.03.2015 & Regional office,

Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board, Chittorgarh letter no. vkj-ih-lh-ch-@vkj-v¨-

fpŸk©³@CM-3237/R- 543 dated 31.03.2015.,“Public Hearing was conducted at 11.00

AM on 06-05-2015, in the premises of Rajiv Gandhi Sewa Kendra, Village –

Ghosunda, Tehsil & District – Chittorgarh, under the Chairmanship of Additional

District Magistrate, Shri Suresh Chand Sharma, Chittorgarh (Representative of

District Collector, Chittorgarh) for, Proposed River Sand Mining Project located at

Revenue villages of Tehsil & District – Chittorgarh, Rajasthan. Advertisement for

conducting public hearing was published on 03.04.2015 in “Hindustan Times” &

“Rajasthan Patrika”. To start with the proceedings of Public Hearing Shri Naveen

Kumar Vyas Regional Officer, Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board, Chittorgarh

welcomed all the persons present and gave a brief introduction about the procedure

and importance of Public Hearing.Thereafter representative of Project consultant M/s

Enviro Concept (I) Pvt. Ltd, Jaipur Shri Devendra Goyal made a presentation and

gave details of the project.

During the public consultation, no objection regarding the project has been received.

However people are happy for the coming project as they will get employment and

other facilities.

37 persons made their attendance in the public hearing and following issues were

raised:-

Table No 7.1 Public Hearing Action Plan Tehsil & District Chittorgarh

S. NO.

NAME & ADDRESS

OF THE PERSON

ISSUES RAISED IN BRIEF

COMMENTS OF THE PROPONENT/CONSULTANT

ACTION & BUDGETARY PROVISION

(IF ANY) 1 Lalit Kumar

Khoiwal, Village- Panch Ghosunda

Suggested to develop plantation along the river sides. Loaded trucks should be covered with Tirpal sheets to avoid inconvenience.

800 trees /year will be planted under plantation programme and every year at the palce of dead plants p additional plants will be planted as compensation. An Environmental Monitoring Cell (EMC) will be organized

Rs. 1.0 lac/year

is allocated for

plantation.

and under CSR

activities Rs.



to watch environmental activities. According to R.O. Rs 1.50 lacs held for public health under CSR activities can be increased.

11.0 lacs

2 Smt. Varsha Sharma, Sarpanch, Ghosunda

Local people should be employed in mining activities like removing of sand etc.

After receiving EC, we and other departments i.e. Mining and Environment departments with local Sarpanch and villagers jointly plan for upliftment of villagers, like Machinery i.e. Truck, dumper, JCB etc. of local people will be given preference in mining working.

No financial

budget

allocated

3 Hemant Maheshwari, Ghosunda

Although there will be no waste generation but what about the heaps of waste laid along river side?

We don’t have right to remove heaps which are not made by us. We will not generate waste and not make any permanent construction.

No financial budget allocated.

4 Dinesh Kumar Jingar, Ghosunda

Questioned whether plantation be done nearby the river area? Suggested to determine the places of tree plantation

The plantation will be done with the help and suggestion of local villager. A pre-monsoon and post-monsoon monitoring report will be prepared and sent to govt. after every six months. Any changes can be made accordingly in our CSR with the suggestion of local villager and every year the trees will be planted by us, be marked, so that we may know that in which year the individual plant is planted and plant monitoring will be easy.

Rs. 1.0 lac/year is allocated for plantation

5 Rajmal Chhipa, Advocate, Village- Ghosunda

Following questions were raised: Ø Whether you have been allotted the lease by auction or you applied for it? Ø How will you decide the depth of mining up to 3 meter? Ø What are measures to save cattle from blasting on grazing land? Ø How will you arrange the water for

Following answers were given: Ø Lease is allotted after auction with conditions i.e. Mining Plan will be submitted in time, and Environmental Clearance will be taken. The lease is finally sanctioned after receiving EC. Ø There is no provision for blasting in the mining activity. Ø We will excavate up to 3 meter depth and mining will

Peafowl conservation budget is held of Rs. 1,75,000/-per year. Rs. 1.0 lac/year is given for “Green Belt Development" in the study area.



sprinkling to settle down the dust, while local people has have to bring water from outside and there is lack of water, if you use ground water the ground water table will go down, What are your measures for all? Ø Lion and like animals are found in the forest area near Thukarawa and Satpura villages. What is the conservation plan for such animals available in the region? Ø An old Shiv Temple is located near Ghosunda dam. What are your management practices to not harm the temple during mining activities? Ø How will you evaluate the trucks are loaded within prescribed limit? Whom we people will complain if the trucks are found, loaded above limit? Ø Some villagers are growing vegetables in encroachment area of river for their livelihood. What are your precaution measures to save such types of encroached area during mining activity? Ø You will sprinkle the water for dust suppression on roads. The dust will put its impact on crops and vegetables in nearby farm. Will you sprinkle water on these crops?

be stopped if water appears before 3 meter depth. Ø In water sprinkling process for dust suppression the water will be sprinkled in such a way that the dust will be limited to the area only and there will be les possibility for dust to spread ahead. Seeing the water availability we are also trying to not use water for dust suppression but till now no such technique is invented. Ø The matter of overloading is concerned with point transport department. With the help of transportation department, we will make people aware by conducting aware camps. We will made people available one telephone number on which people can register their complaints regarding over loading of trucks and horn problem. Ø As per rules if any permanent temple, bridge, cremation place etc. is available in the area, than no mining activity will be done within 45 meter radius of that monument. Ø As far as the matter of carrying the free sand by local people is concerned, the lease has been allotted to us and we don’t have such right to give any rebate to anybody. For any public construction likes school, temple or road than you can request to the government, if govt. orders us to give sand without royalty, we will give. Ø We conducted a three months survey in surrounding area and we did not find any panther/lion like animal in the area, if it is observed, we have budget provision for



Ø Local people carry river sand on cycles and carts for their livelihood. Now the lease is yours, will you allow these people to carry free sand? If yes than up to what quantity?

conservation. We will conduct awareness camp with the help of the concerned department. Water sources used by wild animals will be maintained and managed.

6 Rajesh, Chittorgarh

Trucks and tractors keeps on running on roads with full volume music and horn on high pitch till late night.

We will keep this point in notice, in case any vehicle found to do so, you note down the vehicle number and tell us. We will take necessary action.

No financial budget allocated.

7 Neeraj kumar Sharma, Ghosunda

Ø Our gram panchyat falls in the mining area and gram panchayat does developmental works like filling of open pits on the ways. Therefore gram panchayat should be given rebate in royalty of sand. Ø The amount determined by you for village developmental work should be increased. Ø The dumper, Trucks, JCB etc. will be used in mining should be given timely to grampanchayt for their local work.

Ø For any public construction gram panchayat should go to public representative taking proposal of construction, by which mining department will give permission of rebate in royalty. As per the direction of mining department we will give rebate in royalty as per rules. Ø In case of any emergency we will make available our resources to village panchayat. Ø For sanitation and drinking water we will work jointly with local villagers. For conserving rain water we will make and maintain rain water harvesting structures and make people aware to save roof water. We can change our CSR according to suggestions of village peoples. The royalty amount is directly submitted to govt. and the panchayat area from which the royalty is received, the preference in rebate is given to the panchayat of that region.

CSR budget allocated: 11.00 Lac per year.



After public hearing the chair person Mr. Suresh Chandra Sharma (A.D.M.), Chittorgarh, told that in today’s public hearing you put your quarries in very good manner. The questions you asked were very good and show that how aware you are! Regarding this public hearing, villagers of 18 villages are gathered here, were informed by news papers and other media. Some of their representatives are present here. The A.D.M. further said that video recording is being done of this entire public hearing which will be sent ahead to MoEF for clearance without editing. He further said whether there is loss or profit but no over loading will be done, water sprinkling should be done timely so that dust flying may not occur, due to which people suffer. He added Plantation should be done in a cycle form which should be fencing and villagers should help in the process. There should be an understanding between lease holder and villagers to make ideal conditions

A.D.M. sir said that environment should not be harmed and sustainable development should be done there. The matter of soil heaps can be resolved by mutual understanding.

Finally Chair person Mr. Suresh Chandra Sharma (A.D.M.), Chittorgarh and Regional Officer, RSPCB, thanks to people for giving presence.

Table 7.2: Time Bound Action Plan

S.No Activity Action to be Undertaken Budget Rs. In lac per Year

Time Schedule I II III IV V

1 Pollution Prevention and Controll

Monitoring, Providing PPE’s, Water Spraying etc under EMP

4.40

2 Plantation Consulting with village Panchayat 4000 of plantation will be done during lease period. @ 800 per Year.

1.0

3 Education Assistance to local schools, scholarships and skill development programme under CSR activities.

3.0

4 Health Health chek up camps 3.0 5 Construction

and Maintanance of roads

Construction and Maintenance of Roads in the Villages near mine lease area with the help of Village Panchyat

1.10

6 Sanitation & Drinking water facility

Awareness about SWACH BHARAT MISSION and Water supply through tanker from neary by villages.

2.0

7. Conservation of Schedule-I Species

Awareness and reward to people help to conservation of species

0.35

8. Rain water Harvesting

Development of RWH structures near by villages

1.50



7.2 RISK ASSESSMENT & DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

The present project is a Sand mining project, which is relatively very low risk activity,

being surface mining or open cast mining, compared to coal mining. The risks

associated with the project are not hazardous, but if any, they are only accidents and

incidents, associated with mining machinery or transportation activity. This part

delineates the risks associated with the project and the prevention measures to

avoid or minimize the risk.

7.2.1 IMPACTS DUE TO TRANSPORTATION

The river sand produced from the mine is to be consumed by different

Construction/Infrastructural projects located at Chittorgarh and adjoining areas.

Transportation of mined out mineral from the river bed will be transported by

hired/consumers Dumpers, Tractors, Trucks. Total Production during the five years

planning is 2.26 LTPA. About 40 trucks per day will be required in this mining project.

Capacity of each truck is 20 Ton.

The proposed increase in traffic density will not cause significant impact on the traffic

since the connecting road and nearby State Highway is capable of handling this

increase in traffic density. The trucks will be properly covered with tarpaulin and

overloading will not be allowed to avoid spillage on roads.

7.2.2 ACTIVITIES WITH POTENTIAL RISKS

The activities described in the above para are the only activities that have potential

risks, if any are associated with the project. None of the risks are of hazardous type,

while accidents and incidents can be expected if adequate controls or safety

systems are not adopted. The sand excavation and loading on to the trucks by

Backhoe can have risks of accidents if human failure or errors are not taken care of.

The Accidents, if any, may not be fatal, but are potential to cause temporary or

permanent disabilities. Thus, the need for adequate safety at work places is needed.

On the other hand, the manual activity of sand mining and sand loading is not

associated with accidents, however, some minor incidents like Exhaustion, sun-

strokes, or other health related incidents may take place, which can be avoided with

adequate safety regulations and measures. Transportation of mined sand to the

stowing sites is the activity associated with accidents on road and at the project site.

However, with effective safety measures the accidents can be avoided and

prevented.

7.2.3 SAFETY OF MACHINE USE AT MINING SITE



The major machinery that is used at mining site is only a Backhoe vehicle that can

excavate sand and load on to the trucks. The area where Backhoe is operated will

be manned by appropriate licensed and trained staff to ensure that the vehicle

activity is performed as per the safety norms. The vehicle operating condition is

ensured every day before the work is initiated, especially with regard to its hydraulic

systems, mechanical conditions, and other operating systems. The movement of

trucks for loading of sand shall be regulated by a trained inspector who shall be

responsible for the safety of vehicle movement and prevention of accidents or

incidents associated with the vehicular movement. The staff working with backhoe

and on site shall be trained in first-aid and other safety measures, accident or

incident prevention and reporting and communication mechanisms.

7.2.4 SAFETY MEASURES DURING WORKING AT SAND MINING SITE

Occupational safety and health is very closely related to productivity and good

employer–employee relationship. Some of the measures proposed for occupational

safety and health have been listed below:

· Safety measures will be implemented as per mine act 1952, MMR 1961 mines

rules 1955.

· Protective equipment like dust mask, ear plugs/muffs and other equipments shall

be provided for use by the work persons.

· Notices warning to prevent inadvertent entry of persons shall be displayed at all

conspicuous places and in particular near mine entries.

· Danger signs shall be displayed near the excavations.

· Security guards will be posted.

· Provision of rest shelters for mine workers with amenities like resting, drinking

water, and toilets facilities etc. will be provided by lessee.

· Rotation of workers, if necessary.

· First - Aid facilities in the mining area.

· Training of personnel to inculcate safety consciousness through slogans and

posters.

· All workers will be subjected to medical examination as per mines rule 1955 both

at times of appointment and at least once in five years. Medical camps will be

organized for this activity. Insurance of all employees as per the rules will be

carried out.



· Regular/periodical monitoring of mine environment to ensure the efficacy of

various protective measures.

7.2.5 SAFETY MEASURES DURING SAND TRANSPORTATION

Sand transportation from the mining site to the market (20 to 30 km) is a major

activity that can have potential risks of road accidents. In order to prevent these, the

following safety measures will be proposed:

· The vehicles will be maintained in good condition and checked thoroughly at least

once a month by the competent person authorized for the purpose by the

management.

· The vehicle drivers and associated staff will have appropriate licenses issued by

the concerned authorities.

· All transportation within the main working should be carried out directly under the

supervision and control of the management.

· The maximum permissible speed limit will be ensured.

· To avoid danger while reversing the equipments/ vehicles especially at the

working place/loading points, stopper should be posted to properly guide

reversing/spotting operating, otherwise no person should be there within 10 km

radius of machine.

· Avoid over loading of tippers & trucks & consequent spillage on the roads.

7.2.6 POSSIBLE RISKS DUE TO FAILURE OF WASTE DUMP & ITS CONTROL

No waste dump will be created therefore the question of failure of waste dump does

not exist.

7.2.7 Measures to Prevent Dangerous Incidents during Inundation/ Flooding

During monsoon months and heavy rains the mining operations are ceased.There

should be mechanism/warning system of heavy rains and discharges from the

upstream damsInundation of flooding is expected and beneficial for these mines as

during this time only the mineral reserve gets replenished.

7.2.8 OTHER POSSIBLE MEASURES TO AVOID RISKS/ DISASTER DUE TO RIVER

BED MINING

· Unwanted material including mineral or spillage (if any) will not be stacked on the

banks as it will hinder the flow of water in monsoon season.



· The minerals will be mined out in a uniform way so that the river flow/course will

not get disturbed.

· A safety zone of 45.0 m radius will be demarked for the wells located in the river

bed.

· 7.5 m offset will also be left against the banks to protect side collapse/scouring

and riparian vegetation.

7.3 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

This should deal with action plan for high risk accidents like landslides, subsidence, flood, inundation in underground mines, fire, seismic activities, tailing dam failures etc. and emergency plan proposed for quick evacuation, ameliorative measures to be taken etc. The capability of lessee to meet such eventualities and the assistance to be required from the local authorities should be described.

Ø The shallow depth of activities in river bed mining will not involve any high risk accident due to side falls/collapse.

Ø The complete mining operation will be carried out under the Management and control of experienced and qualified Mines Manager having Certificate of Competency to manage the mines granted by DGMS.

Ø All the provisions of Mines Act 1952, MMR 1961 and Mines Rules 1955 and other laws applicable to mine will strictly be complied with.

Ø During heavy rainfall the mining activities will be closed.

Ø All persons in supervisory capacity will be provided with proper communication facilities.

Ø Proper coordination with Irrigation Department will be maintained so that at the time of releasing water, if any, from the dam suitable warning/information is given in advance.

7.4 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY

The proposed mining is to be carried out by semi-mechanized opencast mining.

Dust and noise are the general health hazards for the miners. The project

proponent will strictly implement all the prescribed safety measures, although

the magnitude of mining is very less. High safety is ensured in the working

conditions of the miners. Since it is an opencast mine, health problems due to

dust may be expected. Protective equipment will be provided to the employees

such as dust masks. By using these PPEs, the chances of occupational health

diseases will be lowered. The health of the workers will be regularly checked

and suitable medical facilitates will be created by the lessees. At site, during



excavation and loading activity, dust is main pollutant which affects the health

of workers whereas environmental and climatic conditions also generate the

health problems. Occupational injuries and ill-health have huge social and

economic implications for individuals, their families and their communities. They

also have an adverse impact on the economy of the society as a whole.

Occupational accidents and health hazards can also affect public health and

safety, and the environment. The effect on the health and safety of people

costs the economy and impacts the environment. Efforts will be made to

address occupational health and safety with broader social agenda for

sustainable development. Hazards, which are associated with poor engineering

design, contribute to increased safety risks. Although health risks can be

avoided by implementing controls at source in the work environment, designing

such controls for mining environment presents considerable challenges

because dust and noise are generated by mining itself. A range of control

measures that act together to reduce exposure to such risks is therefore

necessary. These could include methods for minimizing dust levels by

reducing dust generation and methods for dilution, suppression, capture, and

containment. While significant uncertainties remain in controlling dust

exposures and maintaining the effectiveness of control the use of appropriate

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is important. Occupational Health and

Safety (OHS) is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the safety,

health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment. The goal of all

occupational health and safety programs is to foster a safe work environment.

Excessive dust, noise and vibration are the chief health hazards for the miners.

Some examples of such hazards are:

• Exposure to dust

• Noise exposure

• Vehicular movements

• Physical Hazards.

Ø Occupational hazard due to sand mining mainly comes under the physical

hazards.

Ø Possible physical hazards are as below mention:-

7.4.1 Physical Hazards due to Mining Operations



Ø Following health related hazards were indentified due to riverbed sand mining

operations to the workers:-

1. Light: - The workers may be exposed to the risk of poor illumination or

excessive brightness. The effects are eye strain, headache, eye pain and

lachrymation, congestion around the cornea and eye fatigue.

2. Heat and Humidity: - The most common physical hazard is heat. The direct

effects of heat exposure are burns, heat exhaustion, heat stroke and heat

cramps; the indirect effects are decreased efficiency, increased fatigue and

enhanced accident rates. Heat and humidity are encountered in hot and humid

condition when temperatures and air temperatures increase in summer time up

to 48 C or above in the river bed mining area.

3. Eye Irritation: - During the high windy days in summer the sand could be the

problems for eyes like itching and watering of eyes.

4. Respiratory Problems: - Large amounts of dust in air can be a health

hazard, exacerbating respiratory disorders such as asthma and irritating the

lungs and bronchial passages.

5. Noise Induced Hearing Loss: - Machinery is the main source of noise

pollution at the mine site.

7.4.3 Medical Examination Schedule

Ø To minimize the health impacts PPE like dust masks, ear plugs/ muffs and

other equipments will be provided for use by the work personnel. All workers

will be subjected to Initial Medical Examination as per Mines Rule 1955 at the

time of appointment.

Ø Periodical Medical Examination will be conducted at least once in five years.

Medical camps will be organized. The detail of health check up and periodical

medical examination schedule is given below in Table 9.5.

Ø Table No 7.3 Medical Examination Schedule

S.No Activities 1st yr. 2nd yr. 3rd yr. 4th yr 5th yr

1 Initial Medical Examination (Mine Workers)

a Physical Check - up - - - -

b Psychological Test - - - -

c Audiometric Test - - - -

d Respiratory Test



2 Periodical Medical Examination (Mine Workers)

a Physical Check - up -

b Audiometric Test -

c Eye Check - up -

d Respiratory Test -

3 Medical Camp (Mine

Workers & Nearby Villagers

-

4 Training (Mine Workers)

Table: 7.4 Schedule & Cost of Medical Checkup

S.No Particulars Cost in Rs.Per Year

1 Initial medical check-up for all workers (21 @ 500 Rs Per Person) for lung function, audiometric test, tuberculosis and pulmonary disease at the time of appointment

10,500/-

2 Periodical check-up for all workers (21 @ 500 Rs Per Person) (Audiometic Test, Eye – Check-up, Lung function and respiratory test, ECG etc)

10,500/-

3 Provision for personal protection equipment like ear plug, dust mask, Helmet shoes etc., for 21 workers

15,000/-

4 First Aid facilities, rest shelter etc 14,000 Total 50,000



CHAPTER-8

PROJECT BENEFITS

8.0 GENERAL

The proposed river sand mining project has a significant positive impact on the

socio-economic environment of the area. It helps to sustain the development of the

area. The proposed project significantly contributes the economic development of

the area and to improve standards of living. The demand of Bajri has been rising in

the state as a result of rising in construction activities and development of the

proposed project aims to fulfill the supply of Bajri. Hence, the fine quality of mineral

will be used further for development. The sediment in the form of river bed material

(RBM) deposited is of critical importance in civil and other infrastructural activities.

The proposed project lies on the river bed of Banas. The quality of Bajri is fine and

appropriate for the mega infrastructural activities. The demand for Bajri is ever

growing with the growth of the infrastructure sector in our country. The mineral is

used mainly in the construction activities like buildings, bridges etc. The requirement

for the mineral is always high in the nearby cities and towns. Therefore, there is

always a good demand of the mineral in the domestic market. The local region

demand is increasing; hence newer areas for Bajri reserves are approached.

8.1 EMPLOYMENT

Employment is expected to increase during sand excavation, sand transportation, in

trade and other ancillary services. Employment in these sectors will be primarily

temporary or contractual and involvement of unskilled labour will be more. A major

part of this labour force will be mainly from local villagers who are expected to

engage themselves both in agriculture and project activities. This will enhance their

income and lead to overall economic growth of the area

The proposed mining activity will generate employment to the local people in this

area. The proposed project will generate direct employment to 21 personnel. About

11 workers will be employed in mining operations, other supporting services and 10



no’s of managerial staff.

8.1.1 IMPROVEMENTS IN PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

The proposed project will enhance the socio-economic activities in the adjoining

areas. This will result in following benefits:

• Improvements in physical infrastructure.

• Improvements in social infrastructure.

• Increase in employment potential.

• Contribution to the exchequer.

• Prevention of illegal mining.

• Post-mining enhancement of green cover.

8.2 OTHER TANGIBLE BENEFITS

Communication facilities will be created such as approach roads, telephones, which will

be beneficial for the local population. The project Applicant will arrange for the regular

medical checkup camps for the employees which will be also be extended for the

villagers. Arrangements for the supply of drinking water in the period of scarcity to the

nearby villages will also be done by the project Applicant. Proper health & safety

measures will be taken during the workings.

The management will recruit the semi-skilled & unskilled workers from the nearby

villagers. The project activity and the management will definitely support the local

panchayat and provide other form of assistance for the development of public amenities

in this region. The applicant management will contribute to the local schools,

dispensaries for the welfare of the villagers. Green belt development / Plantation will be

taken up in the vicinity of river banks, along the approach roads, around Govt. building,

schools.



CHAPTER - 9

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

9.0 GENERAL

The Environment Management Plan (EMP) is required to ensure sustainable

development in the study area. This chapter covers the genesis of pollution, the

principal sources of pollution, the nature of pollution, the proposed measures

required for meeting the prevailing statutory requirements of dust & gaseous

emissions, waste water discharge characteristics, noise levels etc for environmental

management purpose in connection with the mining and mining related activities in

the study area. For attaining the desired objective of good environmental quality in

the study area, several management strategies in different phases are proposed and

evaluated.

Preparation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is required for formulation,

implementation and monitoring of environmental protection measures during and

after commissioning of the proposed mining project.

The objectives of EMP are:

§ Overall conservation of environment.

§ Minimization of dust generation and pollution.

§ Judicious use of natural resources and water.

§ Safety, welfare and good health of the work men and populace.

§ Ensure effective operation of all control measures.

§ Vigilance against probable disasters and accidents.

§ Monitoring of cumulative and long time impacts.

§ Ensure effective operation of all control measures.

Environmental Management Plan, which is to be implemented in the project, is

detailed under the following heads:

§ Air Pollution Control

§ Water Management



§ Land Management

§ Noise Mitigation

§ Greenbelt Development

9.1 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

In the proposed mining project, the only pollution occurs from dust (Particulate

Matter) during excavation, vehicular traffic, loading/unloading etc. Regular water

sprinkling arrangement will be provided in the mining lease area for dust

suppression. Speed limit of vehicles will be restricted to 20 kmph in the mine area for

the movement of machineries, truck & etc. to control the dust emission.

The following measures will be taken to reduce the impact on the air quality:

§ Vehicles will be covered by tarpaulin to reduce spillage on roads.

§ Regular checking & Maintenance of vehicles, trucks, dumpers etc, will be

conducted and pollution under control (PUC) vehicle will be used during

transportation.

§ Periodically, water will be sprinkled on haul roads to wet the surface.

§ Overloading of transport vehicles will be avoided to prevent spillage.

§ Provision of green belt by vegetation for trapping dust.

§ Dust mask provided to the workers engaged at dust generation points like

excavations, loading and unloading points.

§ Periodic air quality survey will be carried out to monitor the quality and for timely

corrective actions.

§ Road will be properly maintained.

9.2 WATER MANAGEMENT & WATER POLLUTION CONTROL

9.2.1 SURFACE WATER

The major source of surface water pollution due to sand mining is insignificant,

however, the following measures will be undertaken to prevent water pollution.

§ Utmost care will be taken to minimize spillage of sand.

§ Mining schedule will be synchronized with the river flow direction and the gradient

of the land.

§ The washing of trucks and tractor trolleys in the river will be avoided.

§ Mining will be avoided during the monsoon season. This will help in replenishment

of sand in the river bed.

§ Mining will be carried out above the water table.

§ Mining will not intersect the river bed water level or ground water table of the area.

9.2.2 GROUND WATER



There will not be any adverse effect on the ground water quality. The minor mineral

does not contain any harmful element, which could percolate into the ground and

pollute the ground water. Hence, no control measures are required. However,

regular monitoring of quality in the existing hand pumps/tube wells in the vicinity will

be carried out both with reference to area and times intervals to study the

hydrodynamics of the strata.

9.3 NOISE POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES

As there will be no heavy earth moving machinery there will not be any major impact

on noise level due to sand mining and other association activities a detailed noise

survey has been carried out and results were cross referenced with standards and

were found to be well within limits. Drilling & Blasting will not be used for sand

mining, hence no possibility of land vibration. The only impact will be due to

transportation of sand by trucks and tractor trolleys etc .As the only impact is due to

transportation of sand to the to the market though village roads, the following control

measures shall be taken to keep the ambient noise levels well within limits:

§ Minimum use of horns and speed limit of 20 km in the village area.

§ Use of personal protective devices i.e., earmuffs and earplugs by workers,

working in high noise areas.

§ Timely maintenance of vehicles and their silencers to minimize sound.

§ Care will be taken to produce minimum sound during sand loading.

§ Phasing out of old and worn out trucks.

§ Provision of green belts in consultation with forest officer along the road

networks.

9.4 LAND ENVIRONMENT Degradation of land is not a very significant adverse impact of riverbed mining due

creation of access roads, mining operations, transportation of mined material. In

order to prevent the environmental degradation of leased mine area and its

surroundings, the following measures will be taken;

• Safe clearance will be mainly determined by the width of the river bed.

• Creation of ponds and pits on the river bed will not be allowed.

• Operations during daylight only.

• No foreign material should be allowed to remain/spill in river bed and catchment

area, or no pits/pockets will be allowed to be filled with such material.

· As the lease area in quite large and long in length systematic extraction will be

carried out to prevent seasonal scouring and enhanced erosion.



· 45.0 m radius around the well located in the river bed will not have any mining

activity.

· Measures will be taken to prevent the working form crossing safety zones.

Cutting the banks and 3.0 m depth limit of the river bed surface.

9.4.1 POST MINING LAND USE

At the end of mining period about 45.0 Ha areas will be mined out. Land use at

various stages is given in the Table: 9.1.

Table No.: 9.1 Land Use Pattern of Mining Lease Area at Various Phases

S. No.

Particulars Present land use

(Ha)

At the end of 3rd year

(Ha)

At the end of 5th year

(Ha) 1 Working area 0.0 16.20 45.0 2 Dump area 0.0 - - 3 Safety zone Permanent

Roads (6no.) 2.50 7.50 7.50

4 Infrastructure (office, temp, shelter etc)

- - -


Total 450.89 450.89 450.89

9.5 SOIL CONSERVATION

There is no soil over mineralized area; however the receding floods in the monsoon

season deposit some clay/soil carried down by river water. It is hardly a few

millimetres thick and of not much consequence. Even in the areas of no mining

activity the process of deposition in one season and transportation of previously

deposited material in the next season takes place along with deposition of fresh

material by receding floods. Soil Quality will be monitored in the area surrounding the

core zone used for agricultural activity to check for any negative impacts on the soil

quality. Year wise plantation activity will be undertaken as proposed in the approved

mining plan. Plantation activity will be undertaken in consultation with village

Panchayat near the river banks, village roadside to improve the land quality,

aesthetics and reduce soil erosion.

9.6 GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT

Greenbelt development program will be designed within the natural constraints of the

river sand area and in particular species selection reflects flora known to be resistant

to the local conditions.



A Greenbelt development is necessary for:

1) Landscaping and providing shelter

2) Help in reducing Pollution level

3) To attenuate noise generation by movement of vehicles and other machinery.

4) Prevent soil erosion to great extent

5) Improve ecological conditions.

The following characteristics will be taken into consideration while selecting plant

species for green belt development and tree plantation.

a. They should be local indigenous and drought resistant species.

b. They should be fast growing and tall trees.

c. They should be perennial and evergreen.

d. They should have thick canopy cover.

e. The planting should be in appropriate alternate rows around the site to

prevent lateral pollution dispersion.

f. The trees should maintain regional ecological balance and conform to soil and

hydrological conditions. Indigenous species should be preferred.

g. Species will be planted as per CPCB guidelines and native species.

9.6.1 PLANTATION PROGRAMME

The lease is in the river bed and devoid of any vegetation. Mining activities will not

cause any harm to riparian vegetation cover as the working will not extend beyond

the offset left against the banks. It is proposed to have plantation on both sides of the

roads & along the bank of river as greenbelt to provide cover against dust

dissemination plantation will also be carried out as social forestry programmed in

villages school and the areas allocated by the Panchayat State authorities.

A suitable combination of trees that can grow fast and also have good leaf cover

shall be adopted to develop the greenbelt. It is proposed to plant 4000 no’s of native

species along with some fruits bearing and medicinal trees during the five year plan

period.

Table: 9.2 Year wise Greenbelt Development Program

Year No. of

Saplings

Survival

(70%)

Total Area in Ha. Place of Plantation

1st Year 800 560 2.0 Along the road side,

Bank of rivers, in

Schools, Public place

2nd Year 800 560 2.0

3rd Year 800 560 2.0



4th Year 800 560 2.0 Govt. and Private land

under social forestry

programme with the

permission of competent

authority.

5th Year 800 560 2.0

Total 4000 2800 10.0

The following plant species will be planted according to CPCB guidelines. These

trees will also improve existing environmental value of the surrounding environment. These

are of important social value which will provide shade, fruits, fiber, fodder, shelter and

timber to the local people as well as various animals in long term. Plants Species for Green

belt development are given in table: 9.3

Table: 9.3 NAME OF PLANTS

Botanical name Common Name

Polyalthia longifolia Ashoka

Butea monosperma Palas

Syzygium thysi Jamun

Mangifera indica Aam

Ficus religiosa Peepal

Cassia fistula Amaltas

Azadirachta indica Neem

Bauhinia purpuriai Peepl

Dalbergia sissoo Shisham

Pongamia pinnata Karanj

Tectona grandis Teak

Delonix regia Kachnar

Boswellia serrata Salar

Annona squamosa Sitafal

Albizia lebbeck Siris

Azadiracta indica Neem

Morus alba Shahatoot

Aegle marmalos Bel patra

Bombax ceiba Semal

Ailanthus excels Ardu



9.6.2 GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT

i. Plantation of trees will be done along road side and nearby areas such as in

school, villages etc to arrest auto-exhaust and noise pollution, and in such a way

that there is no direct line of sight to the mine when viewed from a point outside

the foliage perimeter.

ii. Since tree trunks are normally devoid of foliage (up to 3 m), it will be appropriate to

have shrubbery in form of such trees to give coverage to trunk portion of these

trees.

iii. Fast growing trees with thick perennial foliage will be grown, as it will take many

years for trees to grow to their full height.

In order to facilitate the proper growth of vegetation, limited measures involving

preparation of seedbed with suitable amount of fertilizers and treatment with

mulches will be taken.

Vegetation covers in and around the mine workings generally helps in:

§ Stabilizing erodible slopes to minimize pollution.

§ Control of dust.

§ Enhancement of aesthetic value.

§ Maximizing evapo-transpiration, which helps minimizing run off.

§ Reducing noise intensity

The greenbelt shall be developed up to five years in approximately 10.0 Ha. area.

The area designated for five years. The five years cost for development of

greenbelt has been assessed is 1.0 lac per annum (5.0 lacs for five years)

Table: 9.4 Budget for Greenbelt Development in the study area

S. No. Particulars Cost Rs./year

1 Cost of plantation including maintenance per year and

establishment charges.

50,000/-

2 Thorny Brushwood protection guard or fencing 15,000/-

3 Cost of FYM and Bio-fertilizer, Cutting to damaged and

diseased branches

20,000/-

4 Cost of watering to plants 15,000/-

Total 1,00,000/-

Conservation Methods for Threatened Plant Species



Some threatened plant species like Ailanthus excelsa (Ardu), Cordia dichotoma (Lasora),

Acacai catechu (Kattha), Boswellia sarrata (Salar), Abrus precatorius (Chirami) ,

Nyctenthues arboritristis (Haar singar) are present in the study area.

Direct and indirect approach is required to provide effective conservation, which is

suggested as under.

· Some provision of rewards for growing maximum threatened plant species.

· Aware the villagers to not cut down the endangered plant species and encourage them to

grow these threatened plant species in numbers in their farms by mentioning their medicinal

and economic value.

· Another way to help preserve the endangered species is to create society. Dedicated to

ecological ethics. All the conservation measures will be implemented with the help of and in

the consultation of the state forest department.

· Organized workshop for conservation awareness of threatened plant species

· A series of conservation awareness workshops for village and school children should be

conducted in the different villages. Interactive discussion will be carried out participants.

· Encourage afforestation activities around by maintaining them.

· Suggest strategies to minimize negative impacts of changing environment in nearby area

of promote conservation.

· Another way to help preserve the endangered species is to create society dedicated to


the consultation of the state forest department.

9.7 CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) SCHEDULED FAUNA

The Faunal studies were also conducted using tracking (Visual encounter survey) and

scats method during the months of Oct-Dec 2013. One schedule I species (IWPA 1972)

Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus), was found in study area. Conservation plan for the same

is prepared with the consultation of forest department is given hereunder

9.7.1 Introduction Peacock or Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) is a familiar and universally known large

pheasant. It is a National Bird of India, belongs to Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act

1972 was reported from some villages of the study area. The male has a spectacular glossy

green long tail feathers that may be more than 60 percent of the bird’s total body length.

These feathers have blue, golden green and copper colored ocelli (eyes). The long tail



feathers are used for mating rituals like courtship disp

magnificent fan shaped form across the back of the bird and almost touching the found on

both sides. Females do not have these graceful tail feathers. They have the fan like crest

with whitish face and throat, chestnut

breast and mantle, white belly and brown back rump and tail. Their primaries are dark

brown.

CLASSIFICATION:

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Vernacular name

Fig. 9.1: Male and female Peacock in the buffer zone of the study area

Study Approach



feathers are used for mating rituals like courtship displays. The feathers are arched into a



with whitish face and throat, chestnut brown crown and hind neck, metallic green upper


: Animalia

: Chordata

: Aves

: Galliformes

: Phasianidae

: Pavo

: Pavo cristatus

Vernacular name : Indian Peafowl

: Male and female Peacock in the buffer zone of the study area

2015


lays. The feathers are arched into a



brown crown and hind neck, metallic green upper


: Male and female Peacock in the buffer zone of the study area



Buffer zone of the study area has been reported as a habitat of Schedule I species Pavo

cristatus commonly known as peacock, more effort was made to assess their status in term

of movements and habitat use in and around the study area. At first, a detailed biological

survey of the core zone and buffer zone (10 km radius from periphery of the proposed river

bed sand mining project) was carried out to understand the status distribution of the species

in the study area. Also, questionnaire survey was carried out to understand the recent

status of peacock sightings and their movements. Overall, 15 people from seven villages

were interviewed randomly. The conclusion of the survey discussed the potential sightings

& habitat use, and movement and food habits of peacock in the study area.

Habitat Use

A Peacock is sighted in the core zone. All the direct sightings of the peacock were located

near the human dominated and forest areas. This species is well adapted to natural village

environment setting. According to the villagers, peacock is present in both, village and

forest areas. Day time they temporarily move towards the surrounding agriculture areas for

feeding while during night time roosts on the trees present in the village.

People of villages pointed out that, some peacocks present in the nearby Hills, hide in the

rocky caves in the night time and they never come to villages while some of the roosting on

the trees present in the agriculture hedges.

Life Cycle

Call : Kee-ow, Kee-ow, Kee-ow, Ka-an, Ka-an, Ka-an, Kok-kok, Kok-kok,

cain-kok

Breeding : April-September (Project area)

Nest site : On ground in undergrowth (wild)

On buildings by semi-feral birds in villages

Body length : 180-230 cm

Weight : 2750-6000 gm

Habitat : In the undergrowth in deciduous forests near streams Tall trees for

roosting

Food Habits



Peafowls are omnivores, eating plant parts, flower petals, seed heads, insects and other

arthropods, reptiles and amphibians. In the study area, dense tree canopy cover supports

good insect diversity which is very common food for peafowl.

Conservation and Relationship with man

The great beauty and popularity of the Indian Peafowl has ensured its protection throughout

most of its native ranges. It is a National bird of India. The peafowl is prominent in the

mythology and folklore of the Indian people. The Hindus consider the bird to be sacred

because of its association with Lord Krishna who used to wear its feather as crown (Mor

Mokut). It is also associated with the God Kartikeya, son of the Lord Shiva and Parvati and

brother of Lord Ganesh. It is “Vaahan” (transport) of Lord Kartikeya.

CONSERVATION STATUS

Extinct Threatened least concern

IUCN : Least Concern

IWPA : Schedule I

CITES : Not listed

Buffer Zone as a Peacock Habitat

Present survey of the peafowl in the buffer zone of the project site cleared that; peafowl is

using both, village adjacent habitats and forest habitats of the buffer zone. However, the

following points can give an insight on the overall status of peafowl in the study area and

thereby plan for better management strategies related to proposed project activities.

People of the surveyed villages were well aware of the habits and habitats of peafowl in the

study area. Moreover, local people are against hunting and poaching of the Peacocks. In

the buffer zone, peafowl uses agriculture (adjacent to village) and forest habitats as a

feeding and breeding ground. Some of the peacocks are taking shelter in the village

adjacent habitats while some prefer to rocky forest hills. It clearly indicates that, peafowl

normally uses human associated and forest habitats.

NT VU EN CR LC EW EX



From above study, it has been visualized that, the proposed project will not have any

significant impact on peacock in terms of their normal movements and other activities.

However, it is necessity to take some management options like habitat improvement in the

villages located in the vicinity of the project site. So, habitat improvement programme

(plantation of local plant species) will be undertaken indifferent villages located in the close

vicinity of the project area. Under this programme saplings will be distributed in the nearby

villages with the consultation of the local forest department.

Threats

Threats to the peacocks in the area are:

1) Habitat loss, specially the shortage of tall trees in and around the villages for roosting and

for providing shade during hot summer months.

2) Shortage of drinking water for the birds during the hot summer days.

3) Casualties caused by eating chemically treated agricultural crop seeds.

4) Illegal hunting by some communities.

In the study area, all the villages surveyed are against hunting or poaching of the people.

Peacock conservation plan has to address these threats:

Conservation Measures

Direct and indirect approach is required to provide effective conservation, which is

recommended as under:

1. Increasing the tree cover in the buffer area for shelter and roosting of peacocks. This will be

achieved by planting of tree groves (a group of trees that grow close together, generally

without many bushes or other plants) in buffer area. Some local species such as Neem,

Siris, Shesham, Jal, Peepal tree etc. will be planted. Planting of tree groves in school

compounds in the villages of buffers area will be done under the plantation programme.

2. By conducting awareness programmes (community and school level) for conservation of

peacocks in the area and also through organizing competitions during “Wildlife Week” and

“Van Mahotsave” celebrations.

3. Some provision of rewards to informers for the control of poaching and illegal trade in

wildlife.

4. Carrying out census and research projects to know the potential threats and population

status of the species.

5. Provision of veterinary care and cages for injured or sick deformed birds.

6. Suggest strategies to minimize negative impacts of changing environment in nearby area of

peacock populations and to promote conservation of peacock habitats.



7. Another way to help preserve the endangered species is to create society dedicated to


the consultation of the district forest department, Barmer (Raj.).

8. With the objective of effectively protecting the wild life and to control poaching, smuggling

and illegal trade in wildlife and its derivatives, the Government of India enacted Wild Life

(Protection) Act 1972. The Act was amended in January 2003 and punishment and penalty

for offences under the Act have been made more stringent.

For above mentioned activities, proponent has proposed a sum of Rs. 1,75,000/- for the

“Peacock” conservation plan under the following heads up to three years in consultation of

local forest department.

Expenditure Budget for Five Years For Peacock Conservation

S. No Activity 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year Budget (INR)

1 Plantation, Water and Cash prizes to informer: approximately 100 tree/year of local plant species and their fencing, Providing water for water holes and repairing and maintenance of available ponds etc. for five years

Amount Rs. 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000

1,00,000/- Villages

Ghosunda

Bassi Pootholi Kunwalia Baldarkha

2 Awareness programme for “Peacock” conservation will be scheduled in a year in schools of Ten villages and for other non school villagers every year.

Amount Rs. 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000

75,000/- Schools of Ghosunda

Bassi Pootholi Kunwalia Baldarkha

Total Budget Rs-1, 75,000/-

(Rupees One lac Seventy five Thousand Only)

All above activities will be carried out with the consultation of local forest department and Gram panchayat of respective villages.

1. Plantation, Water and Cash prizes to informer: approximately 200 tree/year of local plant species and their fencing, providing water for water holes and repairing and maintenance of available ponds etc. for five years.

Plants species / verities will be suggested by the local forest department and plant saplings will be distributed in project villages as per the above mentioned schedule (year wise).



Awareness programme for “Peacock” conservation will be scheduled in a year in 10 schools in the study area every year.

During awareness programme following activities will be arranged at the various village level schools as mentioned above (year wise),

· “Essay writing on Peacock” · “Drawing competition (Peacock picture)” · “Exhibition on peacock conservation”

Further Suggestions/recommendations:

ü To carry annual census research projects for ecology and habitat used by peacock. By making provision of veterinary care and cages for injured or sick deformed birds

CONCLUSION

The present study of Biological Impact Assessment (BIA) with the objective is to

minimize environmental impacts as discussed. The study covers all possible

environmental issues involved in the project and the necessary control measures.

The present study reveals that only local and native species of plants (Trees,

shrubs, herbs and grasses) were present at the buffer zone of mining site. No

adverse impact of mining site was noticed on the flora present nearby area of

mines.

Only Peacocks was observed in the buffer zone and no other species of schedule I

was recorded. Therefore, conservation plan will be suggested. The habitats of

human beings were far from the mining site therefore the air pollution and other

environmental Impact will be negligible. Taking appropriate mitigation measures for

enhances the surrounding environment of the mining site and the nearby area is our

sole responsibility for the “Sustainable Environment”.

9.8 BUDGETARY PROVISION FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION & MONITORING

It is necessary to include the environmental cost as a part of the budgetary cost

component. As per the Rajasthan Minor Mineral Concession (Forth Amendment)

Rules, 2012 dated 01-11-2012, lessee will deposit contribution in environment

management fund to meet out the financial requirement of association / agency for

carrying out environmental protection work as per the environment management

plan Rs. 3/- per ton of mineral dispatch.In order to implement the environmental

protection measures, timely funds will be released as per requirement. In addition to

above, It is proposed to invest a capital cost of Rs. 14.0 lac per year on pollution



control, green belt and environmental monitoring The break-up of the investment is

given in the following Table: 9.5.

Table No.: 9.5 Annual Capital Cost for Environmental Protection Measures

S.NO Particulars Frequency Budgetary provision( Rs. Lac

per year)

1 Pollution Control: Water sprinkling for dust

suppression

Regular 4.40

2 Environmental Monitoring

i.e Water, Air, Soil & Noise etc.

Half Yearly 5.0

3 Plantation including Maintenance & Wire

fencing

Yearly 1.65

4 Budget for Conservation of Schedules-I

fauna

Yearly 0.35

5 Others (specify)

Haul road and other roads repair and

maintenance

Regular

1.10

Rainwater harvesting structure 1.50

Total 14.00

*********************



CHAPTER: 10

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

10.1 INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT & PROPONENT

M/s Shiva Corporation (I) Ltd., Jaipur propose to develop a River sand mine in,

Revenue villages (covering 18 villages) of Tehsil & District Chittorgarh, State:

Rajasthan having lease area is 450.89 Ha., does not fall in forest land. It has been

proposed to collect sand from the river bed, nadi & nallas. River beds and nalas under

mining lease areas are owned by Govt. of Rajasthan. Mining lease is award for fresh

grant to State Mining Department for a period of 05 years with effect from the date of

registration.

Mining will be confined to the allotted lease area which lies on the river bed of Berach

River from which approximately 2.26 lac Tonnes per year of sand will be excavated

and the estimated project cost is Rs. 65 lac.

LOCATION

The mining area is located in 18 revenue villages of Tehsil & District: Chittorgarh.The

mining lease/proposed project area falls in Survey of India Toposheet No. 45K/12,

45K/16, 45L/5, 45L/9, 45L/10, 45L/13.

Table No.: 10.1 Details of Environmental Setting

S. No. Particulars Details

1. Location

a. Village 18 Revenue villages of Tehsil & District

Chittorgarh

b. Tehsil Chittorgarh

c. District Chittorgarh

d. State Rajasthan

2. Land Use At The Lease Area River bed

3. Nearest Habitation Chittorgarh

4. Nearest Major Town Chittorgarh

5. Nearest Highway National Highway: 79 (Ajmer-Dhar, M.P.)

6. Nearest Railway Station Chittorgarh



10.1.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

The salient features of the project are given below:

Table No.: 10.1 Salient features S. No. Particulars Details

1. Project Name River Sand Mining At Revenue Village Of

Tehsil&District: Chittorgarh (Raj)

2. Proposed Capacity 2.26 LPTA

3 Method Of Mining Open Cast Semi-Mechanized

4 Mineable Reserves 65 Lac Ton

5 Lease Area 450.89 Ha.(Govt, River Bed,Gair Mumkin

Nadi )

6 Water Requirement 3.0 KLD

Domestic Water Demand : 0.5 KLD

Dust Suppression & Plantation : 2.5 KLD

7 Source Of Water Tanker Water Supply

8. Man Power 21

9 Waste Water Generation Nil

10 Solid Waste/OB Generation Nil

11 Project Cost 65 Lac

12 EMP Costs 14.0 Lac

13 Cost Towards CSR Activities 11.00 Lac

10.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

7. Nearest Airport Dabok Airport, Udaipur-80 km from site towards

South-West (aerially).

8. Nearest Tourist Places Chittorgarh Fort

9. Defence Installations No, within in 10 km radius.

10. Archaeological Importance Chittorgarh Fort

11. Ecological Sensitive Zones Bassi Wild life sanctuary

12. Nearest

Streams/Rivers/Water

Bodies.

3-4 more water bodies found within 10 km area.

13. Seismic Zone Zone-II, No major event is reported in past.



DESCRIPTION OF SAND MINING OPERATIONS

The mining process is opencast semi-mechanized river bed mining of minor minerals.

Drilling and blasting is not required as the material is soft in nature. As per MMCR rules

1986 extraction is limited to 3.0 m depth only from the surface area. Entire stretch of

the lease area is around 50.0 km long has been divided in to three block (A, B&C) for

mining operation, supervision, management and safety. Mineral will be removed in

3.0 m layer only forming one bench. Bench will advance from South-West to North-East

direction in the river. Height of bench will be 3.0 m. Light weight excavators will be

deployed for extraction. Mineral will be loaded in trucks of 20 tones capacity and

equipment, earth movers will be on hire basis. There will be no overburden or waste

generation because the Bajri is exposed in the river bed.

WORKING DEPTH (BELOW GROUND LEVEL)

The ultimate depth of the open cast mine will be 3.0 m below river bed or above the

ground water table whichever is less. Under no circumstances it will intersect with

ground water table.

LAND

The proposed river sand mining spreads in an area of 450.89 Ha, which is government

transverse land.

WATER

The water requirement in the mine is 3.0 KLD for mining activities, dust suppression,

drinking purpose and greenbelt development.

POWER

All the activities will be carried out only during day time. Hence, no power is required

10.3 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SITES

Proposed River sand mining is a site specific project. Mining activities shall be carried

out based on local geology and availability of the mineral. ML area is owned by the

proposed proponent, which is a government traverse land devoid of any settlements.

Hence no alternative sites are envisaged.

10.4 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

Baseline environmental studies were conducted to Monitor Micro-Meteorology,

Ambient Air Quality, Ground and Surface Water Quality, Noise Levels, present Land

Use Pattern, Soil Quality, Biological Environment and Socio-Economic status within a

study area of 10 Km radius around the mining lease area. Baseline environmental data

was monitored by M/s. NoidaTesting Lab, Greater Noida for one full season i.e.



Post-Monsoon season, 2013 (October-November-December). The baseline data

conforms to the requirement of EIA Notification, 2006 (as amended on 14.09.2006).

(I) AMBIENT AIR QUALITY

Ambient air quality monitoring has been carried out with a frequency of two days per

week at 6 locations. These are compared with the standards prescribed by Central

Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for rural and residential zone. Ambient Air Quality

Monitoring reveals that the concentrations of PM10 for all the 6 AAQM stations were

found between 68.23 to 79.98µg/m3. As far as the gaseous pollutants SO2 and NO2

are concerned, the prescribed CPCB limit of 80µg/m3 has never surpassed at any

station. The concentrations of SO2 were found to be in range of 12.36 to 17.98µg/m3.

The concentrations of NO2 were found to be in range of 24.02 to 32.69µg/m3.The

Concentration of CO were found to be in range of 0.52 to 0.77 mg/m3.

(II) GROUND WATER QUALITY

5 Ground Water & 1 Surface Water collected from the study area. The analysis results

indicate that the pH ranges from 7.32 to 7.92 of study area. The TDS (Total Dissolved

Solids) was found to be in the range 647.7 mg/L to 854.5 mg/L. It is seen that the

physico-chemical analysis of other parameters like Chloride, Calcium, Magnesium,

Nitrate and Fluoride were found within desirable limit of IS (10500:2012).

(III) NOISE QUALITY

The Noise Monitoring has been conducted for determination of noise levels at 6

locations covering 10 km study area. In the study area higher Noise value of 64.58 dB

(A) was recorded during day time in Chittorgarh (Near Bus Stand) & lower Noise value

of 32.7 dB (A) was recorded during night time in village Pandoli (Near Govt.

Hospital).

(IV) ECOLOGY

There are no Rare Endemic, Endangered Species & Threatened Species of Flora within

the study area. Pavo cristatus (Peacock) is the schedule-I Fauna found in the Buffer

area. The flora and fauna study within 10 km radius is conducted and authenticated by

DFO.

(V) SOIL QUALITY

6 numbers of soil samples have been collected within study area and analyzed for

physical and chemical properties. Samples collected from identified locations indicate

pH value ranging from 8.35 to 8.59, which shows that the soil is alkaline in nature.

Organic Matter ranges from 0.39% to 0.58% in the soil samples.

(VI) SOCIO-ECONOMIC



The project activities will not have any adverse impacts on any of the common property

resources of the village communities, as the sand mine lease area is not being used for

any purpose by any section of the society in this region. There is no R&R involvement in

this project. There is no land acquisition in this project. The Project is expected to yield a

positive impact on the socio-economic environment. It helps sustain the development of

this area including further development of infrastructure facilities.

10.5 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

The summary of anticipated adverse environmental impacts due to the proposed

project and mitigation measures are given below:

10.5.1 IMPACT DUE TO AIR POLLUTION AND ITS MANAGEMENT

Air pollution is likely to be caused at various stages of sand mining operations such as

excavation, loading, transportation and screening of material. Particulate Matter (PM10)

is the main pollutants during Sand mining operations. Most of the dust will be

generated from loading, screening and transportation operations. This dust becomes

air borne and gets carried away to surrounding areas. The impact on air is mainly

localized in nature as the dust particles are not carried to longer distances and the

effect is felt within the core zone of the project involving active Sand mining

operations.

In order to mitigate fugitive dust emissions and other air emissions from the project

activities, the following measures are proposed to be adopted.

1. To avoid fugitive dust emissions at the time of excavation, the mining area will be

wetted by water spraying.

2. To avoid fugitive dust emissions sand screening activity will be carried out at

mines so as to prevent spreading of dust.

3. Effective dust suppression arrangements will be made at the ground level sand

bunkers at the mines.

4. Sand is transported to the nearest market by road through trucks. The sand will be

wetted after loading in to the truck and will be covered by tarpaulin sheets.

5. To minimize the vehicular pollution from the sand transporting vehicles, the

following conditions are insisted to permit the vehicles of the transporters:

§ The vehicles will be with good engine condition and will be maintain pollution

control certificate issued by appropriate authorities.

§ Regular maintenance of transport vehicles and monitoring of vehicular

emission levels at periodical intervals.



6. Black topping and regular maintenance of sand transportation roads.

7. Ambient Air quality Monitoring will be carried out at four stations to assess the air

quality in and around the project for taking necessary control measures.

8. Green belt development along the access roads at mine premises and near the

sand

mining site.

10.5.3 IMPACT DUE TO NOISE POLLUTION AND ITS MANAGEMENT

Noise environment in this project will be affected only by the machineries at the site

and vehicular transportation. Since mining is done semi-mechanically, slight increase

in noise levels can be expected. Baseline Noise levels are observed to be well within

the limits in the monitored villages. However, after applying the mitigation measures

noise pollution will be reduced further.

In order to mitigate noise generation from the mining activities, the following

mitigation measures are proposed:

a. Since the noise generating is only through mechanical equipment and

movement of vehicles, strict compliance to periodical maintenance of the

vehicle conditions will be insisted.

b. Further, to protect the employees and workmen at the sites of loading and use

of Backhoe, necessary safety wear like ear plugs will be provided.

c. Noise monitoring at the work places will be carried out to ensure the

compliance.

10.6 ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PROGRAMME An Environmental monitoring programme has been prepared for the proposed

project for periodical assessment of effectiveness of implementation of Environment

Management Plan and to take corrective measures in case of any degradation in the

surrounding environment.

10.7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)

Environmental management plan will be proposed for “Sand” mining project to

mitigate the anticipate impact during the mining operation. M/s. SCIL has prepared

an Environmental Management Plan for the proposed sand mining project. The final

EIA/EMP of the proposed project will be submitted to Ministry of Environment and

Forests (MoEF), New Delhi, for obtaining environmental clearance for the project, in

accordance with Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification No. 1533 date

14.09.2006. The approved Environment Management Plan will be implemented

throughout the life of the project and half-yearly monitoring report showing the



compliance status of conditions stipulated in Environmental Clearance letter will be

submitted to MoEF in every six months.

10.8 PROJECT BENEFIT

The project activity will help in combating the growing demand of sand in the market

& hence will help in the economic growth of the country. This project will lead to

direct & indirect employment opportunity. Employment is expected during sand

excavation, sand transportation, in trade and other ancillary services. Employment in

these sectors will be primarily temporary or contractual and involvement of unskilled

labor will be more. A major part of this labor force will be mainly from local villagers

who are expected to engage themselves both in agriculture and project activities.

This will enhance their income and lead to overall economic growth of the area.

10.9 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

10.9.1 AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT

§ Vehicles will be covered by tarpaulin to reduce spillage on roads.

§ Regular checking & Maintenance of vehicles, trucks, dumpers etc, will be

conducted and pollution under control (PUC) vehicle will be used during

transportation.

§ Periodically, water will be sprinkled on haul roads to wet the surface.

§ Overloading of transport vehicles will be avoided to prevent spillage.

§ Green belt of trees with good footage on both side of haul road.

§ Dust mask provided to the workers engaged at dust generation points like

excavations, loading and unloading points.

§ Road will be properly maintained.

10.9.2 WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT

§ Mining will be carried out above the water table.

§ Mining will not intersect the river bed water level or ground water table of the area.

§ Mining schedule will be synchronized with the river flow direction and the gradient

of the land.

10.9.3 NOISE MANAGEMENT

§ Minimum use of horns and speed limit of 20 km in the village area.

§ Timely maintenance of vehicles and their silencers to minimize sound.

§ Phasing out of old and worn out trucks.

§ Provision of green belts in consultation with forest officer along the road

networks.



10.9.4 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

There will be no generation of overburden\ waste material. No backfilling has been

proposed in the excavated zone of river to some extent will be replenished by

sediment during rainy season.

10.9.4 MANAGEMENT OF LAND USE PATTERN

The total lease area is 450.89 Ha. At the end of mining plan period about 45.0 Ha.

area will be mined out.

10.9.5 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT & PLANTATION PROGRAMME

It is proposed to plant 800 no’s of native species per year along with some fruits

bearing and medicinal trees during the five year plan period. The following plant

species will be planted according to CPCB guidelines: Cassia fistula(Amaltas),

Delbergia sisso (Sisam), Mangifera indica (Mango), Acacia nilotica (Babul),

Azadirachta indica (Neem), Albizza lebbek (Siris), Prosopis cineraria (Khejri),

Delonix regia (Gulmohar), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Butea monosperm (Palash),

Phoenix sylvestris (Khajur), Peepal (Ficus religiosa) , Calotropis procera (Akada),

Siris (Albizia lebbeck) etc.

10.9.6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

The implementation of the sand mining project will generate both direct and indirect

employment. Besides, it will provide a check on existing system of mining operation.

Since the quarries will be allotted on lease basis, mining operation will be legally

valid and it will bring income to the state exchequer. It will also reduce flooding of

river banks, destruction of standing crops, land and property to a great extent. With

the implementation of the proposed mining project the occupational pattern of the

people in the area will change making more people engaged in industrial and

business activities. Further, the mining and industrial activities in the area may lead

to rapid increase in population and thereby urbanization. Due to urbanization of the

area, employment opportunities will further increase.

10.10 CONCLUSION

As discussed, it is safe to say that the proposed facilities are not likely to cause any

significant impact to the ecology of the area, as adequate preventive measures will

be adopted to keep the various pollutants within the permissible limits. Green belt

development around the area will also be taken up as an effective pollution mitigative

technique, as well as to serve as biological indicators for the pollutants released from

the premises of “Proposed River sand Mine”.

********************



CHAPTER - 11

DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS

Declaration by Experts contributing to the EIA of River Sand Mining at Revenue

village of Tehsil: & District: Chittorgarh (Raj)

I, hereby, certify that I was a part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed

the above EIA.

EIA Coordinator

Name Devendra Goyal

Signature & Date

Period of involvement Oct 2013- Till Date

Contact information 0141-2223290,9829118043

Functional Area Experts: -

S.

No.

Functional

Areas

Name of the

Expert/s

Involvement (Proposed)

(Period & Task)

1 AP Mr. Devendra Goyal

Oct 2013- Till date

· Selection of Monitoring Location

· Interpretation of Baseline data

· Impact Identification & Mitigation

Measures.

· Preparation of Environment Management

Plan.

2 WP Mr. A.K.Seth Oct 2013- Till date

· Selection of Monitoring Location

· Interpretation of Baseline data

· Impact Identification & Mitigation

Measures.

· Water Balance

3 SHW Mr. Devendra Goyal

Oct 2013- Till date

Identification of nature of waste,

categorization, and quantity of generated OB/

waste. If any.

4 SE Dr. K.N.Joshi Oct 2013- Till date



Primary data Collection, Survey of Study

area.Secondary data of Census of India,

2011.Socio- Economic impact assessment.

Study of the socio economic and cultural

aspects. CSR Budget Preparation, SIA etc.

5 EB Dr. P.L.Sharma Oct 2013- Till date

Ecological and biodiversity survey.

Identification of species (flora and

fauna).Conservation plan for fauna, in case of

Sch I & IInd Fauna. Green Belt Development

Plan.

6 HG Dr. M.L.Jhanwar Oct 2013- Till date

§ Sand Budget Calculation

§ Hydro geological survey for assessing

aquifer distribution of the area

§ Water resource evaluation of the area.

§ Pre-monsoon & Post-monsoon collection of

water level & quality data.

7 G Dr. M.L.Jhanwar Oct 2013- Till date

Field Survey for assessing the regional and

local geology of the area.

8 AQ Mr. Devendra Goyal

Mr. Ghanshyam

Das

Oct 2013- Till date

Input data collection, Study of primary data .Air

Quality Modelling and its interpretation.

Isopleth Map generation

9 Noise Sanjiv Kumar

Sharma

Jan 2015- Till date

Noise Monitoring, Interpretation, Impact

Identification, Mitigation & Management Plan.

Noise Quality Modelling.

10 LU Dr. K.N.Joshi Oct 2013- Till date

Preparation of Landuse Map, interpretation.

Satellite imaginary.Inference

11 RH -- --



Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organization

I Devendra Goyal, hereby, confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared the EIA of

“River Sand Mining at Tehsil & District: Chittorgarh (Raj)”. I also confirm that I shall be fully

accountable for any mis-leading information mentioned in this statement.

****************

Signature Name Devendra Goyal Designation Director Name of the EIA Consultant Organization

Enviro Concept (I) Pvt Ltd, Jaipur

NABET Certificate No. & Issue Date NABET Accredited vide Minutes of 145th AC Meeting for Initial Accreditation: March 18, 2015

preface m/s . shiva corporation (i)...

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