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8/9/2019 Ppt Nano Choi

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Kyunghee CHOI ([email protected])

Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety (IFCS) VISeptember. 15-19, Dakar, Senegal

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Importance of study on manufactured nanomaterials

Characteristic physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials

Undefined risk ofmanufactured nanomaterials

Difficult application ofcommercial analysis

Increased exposure-frequencyof nanomaterials

International issue Complex risk-prediction due tomanufacturing (e.g. surface modifications)

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Point :Manufacturing,Landfills,Wastewater effluent

Non-Point :Wear/Attrition of tires,Sunscreen, Brake pads, etc;

Storm water run-off;Wet deposition

IngestionFood, Drinking water,Incidental

DermalSunscreen, Cosmetics

Air filtration

Coagulation andSedimentation

Sand filtration

Uptake

Accumulation

Release

Aggregation

Biotransformation

Photolysis

UV

Surface Water

Ground WaterAir

Inhalation

Ambient air,Workplace exposure

Transport and Transformation Removal

SourcesExposure

Nanomaterials : Emission & Exposure to Environment

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The Research for Nanotechnologyin Ministries and Institutes

Korea government is promoting the research of nanotechnology based on KoreaNational Nanotechnology Development Plan. At present, it is in the 2nd KoreaNational Nanotechnology Development Plan (2006~2010).

In the 2nd Korea National Nanotechnology Development Plan, 4.8 mil. USD wasinvested from government and private corporations for the vision of developingcompetitive power of nanotechnology for the technical big country.

The many ministries have been participated in the research of nanotechnology.The Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) generalizes theresearch of nanotechnology at the governmental levels.

By describing clearly as After the head of the related ministries build the policyabout nanotechnology in order to enhance the effectiveness of the policypromotion, it should be notified to the minister of the MEST (NanotechnologyPromotion Law, Clause 4, Art. 2), the national nanotechnology developmentpolicies have been promoted through the MEST to enhance effectiveness

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The 2nd National Nanotechnology Development Plan

Authorization of therisk assessment centerfor nanotechnology

- Analysis of social and economic effects of nanotechnology- Research about health, safety, environment, and ecosystem of

nanotechnology- Establishment of DB and information service

Preparation oftoxicity/environmentaltest guideline

- Mutual cooperation and connection to Ministry of Environment (NIER),Korea Food & Drug Administration (KFDA), Korean Agency for

Technology and Standards(KATS), and Korea Research Institute ofStandards and Science (KRISS).

Improvement of therelated law and system

- Survey on the existing laws relating to the effects such as health,safety, environment, and ecosystem of nanotechnology.

The review about need for future legal and regulatory- Supporting the monitoring research for the environment surveillancesystem of nanomaterials release.

- Research and preparing procedures for detecting the pollution sourceof nano-products and nanomaterials

MEST et. al. (2005), 2006-2015 The 2nd Korea National Nanotechnology Development Plan

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The Research Areas for Safety of Nanotechnology


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In the National Institute of Toxicological Research (NITR) under the KFDA, total 5.5mil. USD will be invested to the fundamental project about the toxicity ofnanomaterials from 2007 to 2011 (1 mil. USD in 2007).

In the Korea Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (KIEST) under theMinistry of Environment (MOE), total 1.5 mil. USD will be invested to Eco-technopia

21 Project from 2007 to 2010.

In the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) under the MEST, theresearch expenses of total 5 mil. USD, 1.5 mil. USD per year, will be invested tothree detail projects of creative research initiatives in the nanotechnologydevelopment project from 2008 to 2010.

The chemical management division under the MOE is drawing up the 5-yearroadmap for safe management of nanomaterials. The environmental health policydivision is promoting the detail industrialization process of the large research field,development of safe management for new environmental risky factors in the fusionenvironmental technology development project.

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The Research Investment for Potential risk ofNanotechnology in Ministries and Institutes


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Projects about Environmental,Health and Safety (EHS) of Nanomaterials

Current EHS projects (completed/on-going) about nanomaterials

Researcher Subject title Sector Subsector Year

Korea Research FoundationEnvironmental toxicity analysis and risk assessment of SiO2

and Ce2O3 nanopowderRisk

Safety

assessment2006

Korea

Occupational Safety &

Health AgencyNanomaterial hazardous assessment and prevention strategyof occupational health effect

EHS

system/educa

tion/public

relations

2007

Korea Institute of

Environmental Science and

Technology

Assessment of environmental exposure and effects and

management technology of nanomaterials assessment and

management

RiskSafety

assessment2007

National Institute of

Environmental Research

Database inventory for risk assessment of nanomaterials and

methodological research of risk assessmentRisk

Safety

assessment2007

Ministry of Environment

Investigation of nanomaterials distribution (transfer and

mitigation) and introduction strategy of survey system. Risk Management 2008

Korea Research FoundationPersonal protection equipment for safety assessment of

nanomaterials and penetration research on artificial skinRisk

Safety

assessment2008

Korea Science and

Engineering Foundation

Creative research of basic science program about

nanomaterials) project no. 5, 6, & 7 (7/25)Risk

Safety

assessment2008

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Ministry ofLabor

Ministry ofKnowledge& Economy

(Korean Agency

for Technology andStandard)

Food & DrugAdministration(National Institute of

Toxicological Research)

Ministry ofEnvironment

(National Institute ofEnvironmental Research)

Ministry ofEducation,

Science ad Technology(Korea Research Institute

of Standard & Science)

Cooperation of Ministries and Institutes


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A close examination of sources of nanomaterialsin environment

Characterization of physico-chemical properties

Development of monitoring methods in environment andsources

Development of environmental/human riskassessment and OECD test guidelines

Systemization of molecular biological analytic methodsbased on omics for investigation of nanomaterials' toxic

mechanism

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Priority scoring of nanomaterialsPriority scoring of nanomaterials

Supporting decision makingSupporting decision making

Development/achievement ofnanomaterials' LCA

Development/achievement ofnanomaterials' LCA

A close e amination of so rces ofnanomaterials

A close e amination of so rces ofnanomaterials

Development of monitoring methodsin environment and so rces

Development of monitoring methodsin environment and so rces



Establishment of nanoto icityD/B

Establishment of nanoto icityD/B

Survey on the perception of the

nanotechnology hazard

Survey on the perception of the

nanotechnology hazard

Supporting international cooperation ofministry of environment

Supporting international cooperation ofministry of environment

Road-mapRoad-map

Development of environmental/human

risk assessment and OECD test guidelines

Development of environmental/human

risk assessment and OECD test guidelines

Systemization of molecular biological

analytic methods based on omics for

investigation of nanomaterials' toxic

mechanism

Systemization of molecular biological

analytic methods based on omics for

investigation of nanomaterials' toxic

mechanism

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Exposure assessment for nanomaterials

ExposureAssessment

QuestionnaireSurvey aboutEmission Source

in Korea

Nano-consumer

Products inKorea

LCAmethodology forNanomaterials

Monitoring and

Characterization

Safety test ofPPE to

nanoparticles

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Status of use of nano materials in Korea

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Example of Nano-consumer Products in Korea

Frying pan(ZrO2 coating)

Nano lab

Refrigerator(AgNP)

Samsung, LG

Filter of water purifier(AgNP)

Hankook bionano-tech

1. Consumer products large companies2. Raw materials Venture, small companies

Toothpaste(AgNP)

NPC

Lexon: conductivity coating solNanochemical: Photocatalyst

Carbon nonotec: CNT, Nanofilter

ABC nanotec: Antibiotic AgNPNanomirea: Carbon nanofiber

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Environmental health hazard assessment for nanomaterialsEnvironmental health hazard assessment for nanomaterials

Effects on Daphnia Magna, Chironomus riparius, Caenorhabditis elegans

Acute toxicity

experiments for physiological effects growth & reproduction

Gene expression related to DNA damage / stress

Test methods for fish toxicity(Lethality of nanoparticle in Medaka embrio)

Coagulation/Granule-like precipitates /Developmental arrest, Curved spine

Non-inflated swim bladder,Swollen yolk Cardiovascular system : Colorless Blood / Stasis of circulation

Inhalation toxicity/ Test methods for genotoxicity

CometAssay

MN Assay

Nanomaterials and oxidative stress

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Test organisms

DNA microarray

Toxicogenomics- Bioinformatics tools

- Public Web Database

(NCBI, TIGR, EcoCyc, SGD )

- Literature survey

mRNA extraction

Test toxicants

[1] Silver Nanoparticles / [2] Silver Nitrate

[3] Gold Nanoparticles / [4] Silver Microparticle

Control

&exposure

concentr

ations

Control

&stock

solutio

ns

TEM ELSS ICP-OES FTIRNPs Analysis

Japanese Medaka

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Stress-specific recombinant

bioluminescent bacteria

- Protein damage strain

- Oxidative damage strain

- DNA damage strain

- Real-Time RT-PCR

- Superoxide dismutase and catalase

Toxicity Classifications

Modes of Toxic Actions

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Evaluation for toxicity mechanism based on the Omics


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OECD Activities

1. Introduction

2. Organization

3. Progress Statue

4. Future Plan

Reference

International Cooperation on NanosafetyInternational Cooperation on Nanosafety

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OECD WPMN : 8 Steering group

EHS ResearchEHS ResearchStrategies on MNStrategies on MN

Safety Testing of aSafety Testing of aRepresentative ofMNRepresentative ofMN

Cooperation onCooperation onRisk AssessmentRisk Assessment

Cooperation onCooperation onVoluntary Schemes &Voluntary Schemes &regulatory Programsregulatory Programs

OECD Database on EHSOECD Database on EHSResearchResearch

MN & Test GuidelinesMN & Test Guidelines

OECD

Alternative methodsAlternative methods

in Nano Toxicologyin Nano Toxicology

Exposure Measurements & ExposureExposure Measurements & ExposureMitigationMitigation

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International Activities


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Participation to OECD activities

SG 2:EHS Research Strategies on

ManufacturedNanomaterials

(Germany)

SG 1:OECD Database on EHS

Research(Australia)

SG 5:Co-operation on

Voluntary Schemesand Regulatory

Programs (Canada)

SG 6:Co-operation on

Risk Assessment(UK)

SG 3:Safety Testing of

Representative Set ofManufacturedNanomaterials

(USA), (EC)

SG 4:Manufactured

Nanomaterials andTest Guidelines(USA), (EC)

Section 1:Physical Chemistry

Properties

Jeff Morris (US),

Peter Hatto (ISO/TC229)

Section 2:Effects on Biotic

Systems

Steve Diamond (US)

Section 3:Degradation &

Accumulation

Vacant

Section 4:

Health Effects

Robin Fielder (UK)

SG 8:Exposure

Measurements andExposure Mitigation

(USA)

SG 7:Alternative Methods

in Nano Toxicology(UK)

WPMN (Working Party on Manufactured Nanomaterial) (3rd Meeting, Nov. 2007) decidedto organize SG7 and SG8.

Korea is working for SG1, SG3, SG4, and SG8 as a participant.

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The list of manufactured nanomaterials; This list of manufactured nanomaterial shouldbe consider as a snapshot in time of those nanomaterials in commerce or likely to enterinto commerce in the near term.

Fullerenes

Carbon nanotubes

Nanoparticles of elements

Nanoparticles of metal oxides

Polymers and other organics

Dendrimers

Nanoplates

2) Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNTs)3) Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)

4) Silver nanoparticles,

5) Iron nanoparticles,6) carbon black

7) Titanium dioxide8) Aluminum oxide9) Cerium oxide,10) Zinc oxide11) Silicon dioxide

12) polystyrene

14) Nanoclays

1) Fullerene (C60)

13) dendrimers

5 types of fullerene (C60), MWCNT, Silver nanoparticles, TiO2, SiO2 since 2007(Eco-Technopia-21 project, Ministry of Environment).

Progress Status - (SG 3)

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Agglomeration/ aggregation

Catalytic properties

Composition

Concentration

Crystalline phase Dustiness

Fat solubility/ oleophilicity

Grain size

Hydrodynamic size/particle size measurement/ distribution

Length

Purity

Shape

Specific surface area Surface charge

Surface chemistry

Water solubility/ hydrophilicity

Zeta potential

Review of existing standards for physico-chemical test methods: SG4 isconsidering the following set of physico-chemical characteristics to be a necessary pre-requisite of such toxicological assessment.

Key metrics (bold letter) and researched nanotoxicity since 2007 (Eco-Technopia-21 project, Ministryof Environment)

Progress Status - (SG 4)

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Phase 1 (08-10)

- Data gathering

- Research Project :Exploratory Interim Assessment : WPMN 8 (11)

Phase 2

- Based on the result of the phase 1

- Decide additional endpoints/material to investigate

- develop data for decision support:Regulatory

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How to share test materials

How to account for testing already done onsponsored materials and endpoints

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http:://www.nature.com/nmat/journal


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Materials Lead Sponsor(s) Co-Sponsor(s) Contributor

Fullerenes (C60) Japan, USA China*

SWCNTs Japan, USA Germany, Canada, EU,France, China*

MWCNTs Japan, USA Korea, BIACGermany, Canada, EU,France, China*

Silver USA, KoreaGermany, Canada,Australia*

Australia, EUFrance, China*

Iron China* Canada, USA

Carbon black Germany, USA

Titanium dioxide GermanyKorea, Canada, Spain,BIAC, USA

France, China*

Aluminum oxide Germany, USA

Cerium oxide UK/BIAC(NIA), USA Netherland Australia, Germany, EU

Zinc oxide UK/BIAC(NIA) Australia*, BIAC(CEFIC) Australia, Canada

Silicon dioxide EU* Korea, BIAC(CEFIC) EU, France

Polystyrene Korea

Dendrimers Spain USA

Nanoclays USA

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Cooperation & coodination with relevant stakeholders : OECD,ISO & national activities

Completed/On-going/Planned : Manufactured nanomaterials/technology,

Environment and health safety Report research status to OECD secretariat for information sharing

- Testing for OECD test guideline application

(Target : Molecular, Cellular, Cultural level of biota)

OECD Workshop on the Safety Testing ofManufactured

Nanomaterials (19-21 November 2008, Busan, Korea)

DDP for Sponsorship Program : SG3, SG4, SG7


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OECD Korea Workshop (Nov. 19-21, 2008, Busan)

Development of DDP for Sponsorship Program : SG3, SG4, SG7 (alternatives)

* Symposium on EHS of Nanomaterials (Nov. 18, 2008, Busan)

Information sharing

Nurimaru APEC House

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