This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 695989.

www.heatroadmap.eu

@HeatRoadmapEU

The European District Heating Experience

Dr. David Connolly

12th April 2019

IrDEA Conference, Dublin, Ireland

www.heatroadmap.eu

@HeatRoadmapEU

This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 695989.

www.heatroadmap.eu

@HeatRoadmapEU

Key Recommendations for the Heat Sector

Everywhere

Heat Savings

Balance Savings vs. Supply

30-50% Total Reduction

Urban Areas

District Heating Networks

High Heat Density Areas

Supply ~50% of the Heat Demand

Rural Areas

Primarily Electric Heat Pumps

Smaller Shares of Solar Thermal & Biomass

Boilers

Remaining ~50% of the Heat Demand

This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 695989.

www.heatroadmap.eu

@HeatRoadmapEU

Renewable Energy vs. District Heating

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

0% 20% 40% 60%

Ren

ewab

le E

ner

gy S

har

e in

Hea

tin

g &

C

oo

ling

(%)

District Heating Share (%)

Renewable Energy vs. District Heating

Austria Belgium

Bulgaria Croatia

Cyprus Czech Republic

Denmark Estonia

Finland France

Germany Greece

Hungary Ireland

Italy Latvia

Lithuania Luxembourg

Malta Netherlands

Poland Portugal

Romania Slovak Republic

Slovenia Spain

Sweden United Kingdom

This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 695989.

www.heatroadmap.eu

@HeatRoadmapEU

Sweden’s Heating MixSource: S. Frederiksen, S. Werner, District heating

and cooling, Studentlitteratur, Lund, 2013.

This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 695989.

www.heatroadmap.eu

@HeatRoadmapEU

Conclusion 1: 50% of the heat demand in Europe can be

supplied with district heating(www.HeatRoadmap.eu)

EU Heat Atlas

30-50% of Heat

Currently Feasible for DH

Stratego City Maps vs. Copenhagen

Zagreb

~35% DH

Copenhagen

>90% DH →

Prague

~45% DH

Bucharest

~75% DH →

Dublin District Heating Potential (From Codema)>150 TJ/km2 = DH, which is 75% of Dublin City Heat Demand

23 March 2016 IIEA, Dublin 8Source: Gartland, D. Dublin City Spatial Energy Demand Analysis: An analysis of the energy demand of Dublin city, resulting in arange of evidence-based energy demand maps for effective planning. Codema, 2015. Available from: http://www.codema.ie/.

This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 695989.

www.heatroadmap.eu

@HeatRoadmapEU

Conclusion 2: there is more excess heat in Europe than all of the heat

demand in buildings

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Primary EnergySupply

Final Consumption End Use

Ener

gy B

alan

ce f

or

the

EU2

7 in

20

10

(EJ

)

Non-specified

Non-energy use

Transport

Electricity

Heat for Industry

Heat for Buildings

Excess Heat vs. Heat Demand in Ireland

• Heat Demand in Ireland:• 32.5 TWh (117 PJ/year)

• Potential excess heat available from:

• Power plants: 24 TWh

• Industry: 4 TWh

• Waste incineration: first one not available yet

23 March 2016 IIEA, Dublin 10

Conclusion 3: District Heating Enables a Smart Energy System: Thermal Storage

Mobility

(Partly) Flexible Electricity

Cooling

Heating

Solar etc.

Bioenergy Fuels

Combined Heat & Power

Power Exchange

Resources Conversion Demands

Heat Pump

Fluctuating Heat

Fluctuating Electricity

Thermal

Storage

Wind etc.

Fuel Storage

Electric Vehicles

Electrofuels

Combustion Engines

Electricity Storage

Storage Cost and Resource Comparison

Danish Oil Storage ~50 TWh

Annual Danish Electricity Demand ~35 TWh

Danish Gas

Storage ~11 TWh

Danish DH Thermal Storage

~65 GWh?

Electricity = €170/kWh

Thermal = €0.5-3/kWh

Gas = €0.05/kWh

Oil = €0.02/kWh

X ~100

X ~100

Smart Energy Systems Already ExistDenmark: 50% Wind in December 2013

Green Plan Irelandwww.dconnolly.net/greenplanireland

• 100% Renewable Energy Scenario for Ireland

020406080

100120140160180200

Pri

mar

y En

ergy

Su

pp

ly (

TWh

)

Potential Stage of a Transition to 100% Renewable Energy

IRES

Biomass

Natural Gas

Oil

Coal

Conclusions

• Conclusion 1: 50% of the heat demand in Europe can be supplied with district heating (www.HeatRoadmap.eu)

• Conclusion 2: there is more excess heat in Europe than all of the heat demand in buildings

• Conclusion 3: District Heating Enables a Smart Energy System (www.dconnolly.net/greenplanirealnd)

The European District Heating ExperienceDr. David Connolly

12th April 2019IrDEA Conference, Dublin, Ireland

www.heatroadmap.eu

@HeatRoadmapEU