PLUMBING (pg. 1-79) DEFINITION OF TERMS

Plumbing Art and technique of installing pipes, fixtures, and other apparatuses.

Plumbing System Pipes and fixtures after installation

1902 Plumbing trade recognized by the city of Manila Master Plumber john F. Haas

Chief of the division of Plumbing Construction and Inspection

1935 National Master Plumbers Association of the Philippines (NAMPAP)

Manila City Ordinance 2411 Plumbing Code of the City of Manila

Each family dwelling unit

At least one water closet, one kitchen sink, lavatory, and bathtub or shower

fixtures Smooth non-absorbent material Piping Durable NAMPAP approved materials Vent terminals Extend to the outer air

Components

1. Water distribution system 2. Fire protection system 3. Plumbing fixtures 4. Sanitary drainage system 5. Storm drainage system 6. Fuel gas piping system

Water cycle 1. Evaporation 2. Condensation 3. Precipitation

Flow in water systems

1. Supply 2. Distribution 3. Use 4. Collection 5. Disposal 6. Treatment 7. source

Domestic use 1. rain water 2. natural surface water 3. ground water

Problems

1. acidity 2. hardness 3. turbidity 4. color 5. pollution

Corrosion Clogging Discoloration Discoloration Disease

Objectionable element

1. calcium 2. magnesium 3. sulfur 4. salt 5. iron 6. pathogenic germs 7. acid 8. algae

Hardness Hardness Bad taste and odor Bad taste Stains clothing Unhealthy Corrosive Bad taste and odor

Purification of water

1. Aeration 2. Coagulation &

Precipitation 3. Filtration 4. Sedimentation 5. chlorination

Spraying to atmosphere Ferrous sulfate and lime Layers of sand & gravel Basins Hypo-chlorite gas

Type of Wells 1. shallow wells 2. deep wells

Individual Well Spring

1. Dug well 2. Bored well 3. Jetted well 4. Driven well 5. Drilled well

15 meters 15 meters Sand-point wells 10-15 meters 1000 meters

Sources of Contamination

1. Septic tanks / leach fields 2. Livestock feedlots

Basic Types of Pumps

1. Piston pumps 2. Centrifugal pumps 3. Reciprocating pumps 4. Jet pump 5. Rotary pumps

6. Submersible pumps 7. Sump pumps 8. Turbine pumps

Tanks for domestic use

1. Overhead tanks 2. Cisterns 3. Pressure tanks 4. Hot water tanks

Overhead Feed System

1. Supply pipe 2. Inlet 3. Overflow pipe 4. Drip pan 5. Gate valves

Pneumatic Water Tanks Air pressure system

Hot Water Tanks 1. Range boiler (85-150 psi) 2. Storage boiler (65-100 psi)

Function of Valves

1. Start/shutdown 2. Regulate pressure 3. Check backflow 4. Control direction

Types of Valve

1. Gate valve (completely close/open) 2. Globe valve (control) 3. Check valve (backflow) 4. Angle Valve (control) 5. Foot valve (retention valve) 6. Safety valve (excessive pressure)

Gate valve 1. Tapered disc 2. Double disc valve

Globe valve 1. Plug type 2. Ball type 3. Composition disc valve

Check Valve

1. Swing Check valve 2. Lift check valve 3. Vertical Check valve 4. Horizontal check valve

Compression cocks Compression of a soft packing

Key cock Hose Bibb Ball faucet Ball connected to the handle Water hammer A knocking in the pipes Back siphonage The flowing back of polluted water Expansion / contraction Pipes expand and contract

Friction head loss Reducing the speed of water flow by friction

Direct pressure distribution Water is obtain through large intake

Indirect pressure distribution Water taken from drilled well

Service pipe Street water main Water meter Device used to measure water distribution Horizontal supply main

Principal water distribution pipe running from the water meter

riser Water supply pipe extending vertically

Fixture branch Water supply pipe between the fixture supply pipe and water distribution pipe

Controls & valve Control, isolation, and repair of water distribution system

Direct upfeed Water provided by the city water Air pressure system Compressed air used to raise and push water

Downfeed / gravity system Distributed by means of gravity

Pump circuit system

More efficient circulation of hot water to multi-storey buildings

Hot water space heating system

Water is confined within the system at low temperature

Hot water supply system

Closed system which operate on much higher temperature

System relief valve Hot water space heating system

Temperature & pressure relief Used for hot water supply system

Fire protection systems

1. Elevated water tank 2. Underground water reservoir

Types of fire protection system

1. Dry standpipe system 2. Wet standpipe system 3. Wet standpipe system with Siamese

connection 4. Automatic sprinkler system

Spacing of sprinkler heads

1. Light hazard occupancy (20 sq.m.) 2. Extra hazard occupancy (10 sq.m.)

Upright sprinkler heads Above piping when piping is exposed

Pendent Projects through a finished ceiling

Plumbing fixtures Receptacles used to provide, receive, and discharge water

Classifications 1. Soil 2. Scullery 3. bathing

Water closets 1. center - side wall (0.375m) 2. center - WC center (0.75m)

According to flush tank types

1. integral flush tank 2. close coupled flush tank 3. low flush tank 4. high flush tank

According to mounting

1. floor mounted 2. wall hung

According to flushing action

1. wash down 2. reverse trap 3. siphon jet 4. siphon vortex

Types of WC 1. flush tank water closet 2. direct flush valve (DFV)

Other types of WC

1. squat type 2. washout