Download - Plumbing (Pg. 1-71)
PLUMBING (pg. 1-79) DEFINITION OF TERMS
Plumbing Art and technique of installing pipes, fixtures, and other apparatuses.
Plumbing System Pipes and fixtures after installation
1902 Plumbing trade recognized by the city of Manila Master Plumber john F. Haas
Chief of the division of Plumbing Construction and Inspection
1935 National Master Plumbers Association of the Philippines (NAMPAP)
Manila City Ordinance 2411 Plumbing Code of the City of Manila
Each family dwelling unit
At least one water closet, one kitchen sink, lavatory, and bathtub or shower
fixtures Smooth non-absorbent material Piping Durable NAMPAP approved materials Vent terminals Extend to the outer air
Components
1. Water distribution system 2. Fire protection system 3. Plumbing fixtures 4. Sanitary drainage system 5. Storm drainage system 6. Fuel gas piping system
Water cycle 1. Evaporation 2. Condensation 3. Precipitation
Flow in water systems
1. Supply 2. Distribution 3. Use 4. Collection 5. Disposal 6. Treatment 7. source
Domestic use 1. rain water 2. natural surface water 3. ground water
Problems
1. acidity 2. hardness 3. turbidity 4. color 5. pollution
Corrosion Clogging Discoloration Discoloration Disease
Objectionable element
1. calcium 2. magnesium 3. sulfur 4. salt 5. iron 6. pathogenic germs 7. acid 8. algae
Hardness Hardness Bad taste and odor Bad taste Stains clothing Unhealthy Corrosive Bad taste and odor
Purification of water
1. Aeration 2. Coagulation &
Precipitation 3. Filtration 4. Sedimentation 5. chlorination
Spraying to atmosphere Ferrous sulfate and lime Layers of sand & gravel Basins Hypo-chlorite gas
Type of Wells 1. shallow wells 2. deep wells
Individual Well Spring
1. Dug well 2. Bored well 3. Jetted well 4. Driven well 5. Drilled well
15 meters 15 meters Sand-point wells 10-15 meters 1000 meters
Sources of Contamination
1. Septic tanks / leach fields 2. Livestock feedlots
Basic Types of Pumps
1. Piston pumps 2. Centrifugal pumps 3. Reciprocating pumps 4. Jet pump 5. Rotary pumps
6. Submersible pumps 7. Sump pumps 8. Turbine pumps
Tanks for domestic use
1. Overhead tanks 2. Cisterns 3. Pressure tanks 4. Hot water tanks
Overhead Feed System
1. Supply pipe 2. Inlet 3. Overflow pipe 4. Drip pan 5. Gate valves
Pneumatic Water Tanks Air pressure system
Hot Water Tanks 1. Range boiler (85-150 psi) 2. Storage boiler (65-100 psi)
Function of Valves
1. Start/shutdown 2. Regulate pressure 3. Check backflow 4. Control direction
Types of Valve
1. Gate valve (completely close/open) 2. Globe valve (control) 3. Check valve (backflow) 4. Angle Valve (control) 5. Foot valve (retention valve) 6. Safety valve (excessive pressure)
Gate valve 1. Tapered disc 2. Double disc valve
Globe valve 1. Plug type 2. Ball type 3. Composition disc valve
Check Valve
1. Swing Check valve 2. Lift check valve 3. Vertical Check valve 4. Horizontal check valve
Compression cocks Compression of a soft packing
Key cock Hose Bibb Ball faucet Ball connected to the handle Water hammer A knocking in the pipes Back siphonage The flowing back of polluted water Expansion / contraction Pipes expand and contract
Friction head loss Reducing the speed of water flow by friction
Direct pressure distribution Water is obtain through large intake
Indirect pressure distribution Water taken from drilled well
Service pipe Street water main Water meter Device used to measure water distribution Horizontal supply main
Principal water distribution pipe running from the water meter
riser Water supply pipe extending vertically
Fixture branch Water supply pipe between the fixture supply pipe and water distribution pipe
Controls & valve Control, isolation, and repair of water distribution system
Direct upfeed Water provided by the city water Air pressure system Compressed air used to raise and push water
Downfeed / gravity system Distributed by means of gravity
Pump circuit system
More efficient circulation of hot water to multi-storey buildings
Hot water space heating system
Water is confined within the system at low temperature
Hot water supply system
Closed system which operate on much higher temperature
System relief valve Hot water space heating system
Temperature & pressure relief Used for hot water supply system
Fire protection systems
1. Elevated water tank 2. Underground water reservoir
Types of fire protection system
1. Dry standpipe system 2. Wet standpipe system 3. Wet standpipe system with Siamese
connection 4. Automatic sprinkler system
Spacing of sprinkler heads
1. Light hazard occupancy (20 sq.m.) 2. Extra hazard occupancy (10 sq.m.)
Upright sprinkler heads Above piping when piping is exposed
Pendent Projects through a finished ceiling
Plumbing fixtures Receptacles used to provide, receive, and discharge water
Classifications 1. Soil 2. Scullery 3. bathing
Water closets 1. center - side wall (0.375m) 2. center - WC center (0.75m)
According to flush tank types
1. integral flush tank 2. close coupled flush tank 3. low flush tank 4. high flush tank
According to mounting
1. floor mounted 2. wall hung
According to flushing action
1. wash down 2. reverse trap 3. siphon jet 4. siphon vortex
Types of WC 1. flush tank water closet 2. direct flush valve (DFV)
Other types of WC
1. squat type 2. washout