FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY(Kedokteran Gigi Forensik)

Forensic Odontologycan be defined in many ways. Forensic dentistry, or forensic odontology, is defined as: the area of dentistry concerned with the correct management, examination, evaluation, and presentation of dental evidence in criminal or civil legal proceedings in the interest of justice.

The term "forensic" is from the Latin, meaning forum or a place where legal matters are discussed forensic dentistry represents the overlap between the dental and the legal professions

Field studyidentification of an assailant by comparing a record of their dentition (set of teeth) with a record of a bite mark left on a victim Other uses : in law for dentists include the identification of human remains, medico-legal assessment of trauma to oral tissues, and testimony about dental malpractice.

Dental Examination for DVIHas been used Nero (45 AD), to identify the slavesdental records ultimately identified the remains of Adolph Hitler and Eva Braun 1867 Oscar Amaedo, identifying hundreds of great fire victims in paris

Actual issueMass disaster in Indonesia: Bali Bomb blaster, Tsunami aceh, air crash Ga-200, Senopati, manggarai, Morowali, Mentawai, Jepang etc.The more victims could not evacuated.

Next ProblemThe victims could be evacuated but couldnt identified, because : Loss, drowned, burned, buried, mutilated.Social-legal problems : Insurance, state of marital, heritage, etc.

Criminal-legal : An investigation to an criminal death victim cannot begin until the victim has been identifiedMarriage : Individual from many religions background cannot remarry until the partner is confirmedMonetary : The pension, life insurance & other benefits will not be pay until the victims has been positive identified

Religion-law (Syariah) : Islam law : the bodies must be burried as soon as possibleHeritage : cannot be divided until the victim has been positif identifiedAs part of Universal Human Right

Identification technique :Simple : Visual inspection

Who is.... ?

Scientific : (when the victim cannot recognized) Primer : DNA, fingerprint, dental Secunder : Attach properties : ID-card, Bank card, Licence, ring, cloth, tattoo etc.

Why ?Hardness of teeth > bone. Covered by soft tissue & saliva, proof from fire & other chemical substances.

Individuality. Identical probability (1: 2 billion)Give more Information : age (eruption time & Gustaffson), sex (Teeth shape, DNA), face profile, blood group, race, Social state, habit (job associated), etc.

Accuracy > 50% (1-st Bali bomb blaster 56%, GA-200 90%)

How do you can determining the age, sex, blood group & race of victims ?

Jaw

Mongoloid- Insisivus : Sekop (85-99%), Caucasoid 2-9%, Negro : 12% Accessories root 1-st Lower Molars (20%)Palatum : Ellips, Torus palatinus in female

CAUCASOIDCarrabelli cusp on 1-st MolarsPalatum : Parabola shape

NEGROID

Bimaxilarry protrusiveCentral diastem/spacing & openbite

Victim identificationAnte MortemPost MortemCompareReconsiliationIdentified or not

In victims identification procedure, the ante mortem dental record is absolutely needed.Dental record : Odontogram, dental cast, X-photo, 3-D graphs, close up photographs, testimony..(In Indonesia : not usually available)

Benefits vs weaknessFast, cheap, simple, accurateAbsolutely need a.m dental record

Bite marksIn case : Sexual attack KDRTOften found on the skin of the victim : Neck, breast, vagina, Described as an eliptical / circular injury that record the specific characteristic of the teeth.

Bite mark Sexual attack

Others legal evidence:Saliva : epithel, leucocyt DNA of persons suspectedOther cases : Bite mark on : apple, bubble gum, othersCase report : Basuki Abdullah murdered

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