ntpc uchahar training project

8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project

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NTPC - FGUTPP

MAY-JUNE

2011Vocational Training Report


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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I am very grateful and thankful to all those who were a

part of this project and helped me towards its smooth and

efficient completion. I feel especially thankful to Mr.Munish Jauhari,

Mr.A.K.Sharma, Mr.M.Z.A.Siddique,Mr. Umashankar, Mr.Rakesh Kumar, Mr.

Sameer Kashyap,Mr.Ranjeet, Mr. J.K. Sahu, Mr. K.M. Gupta, Mr. D.D. Singh,

Mr. K.K. Singh and Mr. Sanjeet to name a f ew for their helpful contribution and

knowledge w ithout which m y project would not be a reality.

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INDEX

Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………………………….ii

List of figures………………………………………………………………………………………vi

List of tables………………………………………………………………………………………vii

I. About the

company……………………………………………………….............1

A. Corporate Vision……………………………………………………………..1

B. Core Va ues…………………………………………………………………..1

C. !"o ution o# NTPC…………………………………………………………..$

%. NTPC Group…………………………………………………………………&II. Intro'uction to

FGUTPP…………………………………………………………(

A. )ocation………………………………………………………………………(

B. *a+or *i estones……………………………………………………………..(

C. Insta e' capacity……………………………………………………………..(

%. Pro'uction Inputs…………………………………………………………….(

!. ,e uirements…………………………………………………………………F. Cost o# Generation……………………………………………………………

G. !n"ironmenta aspects………………………………………………………

/. )ayout………………………………………………………………………..

I. Various Cyc es in the p ant………………………………………………….0

i. Coa

cyc e………………………………………………………………...0

ii. ater

cyc e……………………………………………………………….2

iii. 3team

cyc e………………………………………………………………2

III. 34itchyar'……………………………………………………………………

…..5

A. Circuit Brea6er…………………………………………………………...5

B. )i7htenin7 Arrester……………………………………………………...11

C. !arthin7 34itch…………………………………………………………18

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%. Bus Bar………………………………………………………………….1$

!. Capacitor Vo ta7e Trans#ormer…………………………………………1$

F. a"e Trap……………………………………………………………….1&

G. P)CC…………………………………………………………………….1&

/. Current Trans#ormer…………………………………………………….1&

I. Iso ator…………………………………………………………………..1&

9. Bay………………………………………………………………………1(

IV. Generator……………………………………………………………………….

.12

A. *ain Components…………………………………………………………..12

B. !:citation system……………………………………………………………15

C. Generator protection………………………………………………………..15

%. Generator coo in7 system…………………………………………………..8;

!. Coo on7 speci#ications o# turbo7enerators…………………………………81

V. Trans#ormers…………………………………………………………………

….88

A. Trans#ormer accessories…………………………………………………….88

B. Coo in7 o# trans#ormers…………………………………………………….8$

C. *ain trans#ormers…………………………………………………………..8(

i. Generator trans#ormers…………………………………………………

8(

ii. 3tation

trans#ormers…………………………………………………….8(

iii. Unit au:i iary

trans#ormers……………………………………………..8(

i". Neutra Groun'in7

Trans#ormer………………………………………..8(

VI. %C

system………………………………………………………………………80

A. ,e uirement o# %C system…………………………………………………80

B. %escription o# battery……………………………………………………….80

C. Battery Char7er……………………………………………………………..80

%. Capacity test o# battery……………………………………………………..82

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VII. 34itch7ear…………………………………………………………………..85

A. ).T. s4itch7ear……………………………………………………………..85

B. /.T. s4itch7ear……………………………………………………………...$;

VIII. Boi er………………………………………………………………………..$8

I

………………………………………………...$&

A. or6in7 princip e…………………………………………………………..$&

B. %escription………………………………………………………………….$&

C. Parts o# !3P…………………………………………………………………$&

%. ! ectrica scheme o# !3P……………………………………………………$

!. Variab e #re uency 'ri"e…………………………………………………….$


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i:. Primary

crusher…………………………………………………………&$

:. 3econ'ary

crusher………………………………………………………&$

:i. Cross be t ma7netic

separator…………………………………………..&$

:ii. *eta

'etector…………………………………………………………..&$

:iii. 3tac6er rec aimer……………………………………………………&&

:i". Trans#er to4ers……………………………………………………..&(

:". Tipper…………………………………………………………………

…&(

:"i. Bun6er……………………………………………………………….&(

F. 3ome 3pecia motors o# C/P……………………………………………….&(

G. Po4er an' %istribution %ia7ram o# C/P………………………………….&


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Fi7ure 5 @ 3in7 e ine 'ia7ram o# s4itchyar' 10

Fi7ure 1; @ ! ectrica 3ystem ayout o# sta7e III $1

Fi7ure 11 @ ater tube Boi er 3chematic )ayout $$

Fi7ure 18 @ 3chematic %ia7ram o# !3P $(

Fi7ure 1$ @ ! ectrica scheme o# VF% $0

Fi7ure 1& @ T4o channe arran7ement o# synchronous motor $0

Fi7ure 1( @ For4ar' Con"eyor &8

Fi7ure 1 @ ,eturn Con"eyor &8

Fi7ure 10 @ Po4er 'istribution 'ia7ram o# C/P in sta7e I &

Fi7ure 12 - Po4er 'istribution 'ia7ram o# C/P in sta7e II &0

LIST OF TABLES Pg No.

Tab e I @ 3peci#ications o# Circuit Brea6ers 11

Tab e II @ 3peci#ications o# earthin7 s4itch 18

Tab e III @ 3peci#ications o# Turbo 7enerators 15

Tab e IV @ 3peci#ications o# GTs 8(

Tab e V @ 3peci#ications o# 3Ts 8

Tab e VI @ 3peci#ications o# UATs 8

Tab e VII @ 3peci#ication o# NGT 8

Tab e VIII @ 3peci#ication o# 3ynchronous *otor $2

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I. ABOUT THE COMPANY

A. Corporate Vision:

“A world class integrated power major, powering India’s growth, with increasing global

presence

B. Core Values:

B- Business !thics

C-Customer Focus

O- r7ani ationa Pro#essiona pri'e

M- *utua ,espect an' Trust

I- Inno"ation 3pee'

T-Tota ua ity #or !:ce ence

NTPC )imite' is the ar7est therma po4er 7eneratin7 company o# In'ia. A pub ic sector

companyD it 4as incorporate' in the year 150( to acce erate po4er 'e"e opment in the

country as a 4ho y o4ne' company o# the Go"ernment o# In'ia. At presentD

Go"ernment o# In'ia ho 's 25.(E o# the tota e uity shares o# the company an' the

ba ance 1;.(E is he ' by FIIsD %omestic Ban6sD Pub ic an' others. ithin a span o# $1

yearsD NTPC has emer7e' as a tru y nationa po4er companyD 4ith po4er 7eneratin7

#aci ities in a the ma+or re7ions o# the country.

Figure 1. NTPC 7eneration 7ro4th

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NTPC s core business is en7ineerin7D construction an' operation o# po4er

7eneratin7 p ants. It a so pro"i'es consu tancy in the area o# po4er p ant constructions

an' po4er 7eneration to companies in In'ia an' abroa'. As on 'ate the insta e' capacity

o# NTPC is 80D5;& * throu7h its 1( coa base' =88D25( * >D 0 7as base' =$D5((

* > an' & 9oint Venture Pro+ects =1D;(& * >. NTPC ac uire' (;E e uity o# the 3AI)

Po4er 3upp y Corporation )t'. =3P3C)>. This 9V company operates the capti"e po4er

p ants o# %ur7apur =18; * >D ,our6e a =18; * > an' Bhi ai =0& * >. NTPC a so has

82.$$E sta6e in ,atna7iri Gas Po4er Pri"ate )imite' =,GPP)> a +oint "enture

company bet4een NTPCD GAI)D In'ian Financia Institutions an' *aharashtra 3!B

/o 'in7 Co. )t'.

NTPC s share on $1 *ar 8;;0 in the tota insta e' capacity o# the country 4as8;.12E an' it contribute' 82.(;E o# the tota po4er 7eneration o# the country 'urin7

8;; -;0.

Figure . NTPC in po4er sector

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C. E!olution o" NTPC

NTPC 4as set up in 150( 4ith 1;;E o4nership by theGo"ernment o# In'ia. In the ast $; yearsD NTPC has 7ro4n

into the ar7est po4er uti ity in In'ia.

In 1550D Go"ernment o# In'ia 7rante' NTPC status o#

Na"ratna bein7 one o# the nine +e4e s o# In'iaD enhancin7 the

po4ers to the Boar' o# %irectors.

NTPC became a iste' company 4ith ma+ority Go"ernment

o4nership o# 25.(E. NTPC becomes thir' ar7est by *ar6et

Capita isation o# iste' companies

The company rechristene' as NTPC )imite' in ine 4ith its

chan7in7 business port#o io an' trans#orm itse # #rom a therma

po4er uti ity to an inte7rate' po4er uti ity.

NTPC )t'. /as 7rante' o# *aharatna status by Go"t. o# In'ia.

NTPC )t'. /as been ran6e' 0 th 7reat p ace to 4or6 in In'ia by

The 7reat p aces to 4or6 institute IN%IA an' The !conomic

times.

#. NTPC $roup

1975

1997

2005 TAB%E IV

3peci#ications o# TurboGeneratorso# sta7e I.

=7en1D 7en8>

&VAP"'tatorVoltage (V)'tatorCurrent(A)*otor Voltage(V)*otorCurrent(A)*p+H,P-aseCoolant 8&0;;;;.2(1(0(;5;(;$1;8

;;$;;;(;$ ater=stator>hy'ro7en =rotor>

2004

2010 TAB%E IV

3peci#ications o# TurboGeneratorso# sta7e I.

=7en1D 7en8>

&VAP"'tatorVoltage (V)'tatorCurrent(A)*otor Voltage(V)*otorCurrent(A)*p+H,P-aseCoolant 8&0;;;;.2(1(0(;5;(;$1;8

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NTPC %i+ite

'u/si iaries

0oint Ventures

Figure . NTPC Group

II. INT*O#UCTION TO NTPC FE*O2 $AN#HI UNCHAHA*

THE*MA% PO3E* P*O0ECT (F$UTPP)

A. %o4ation

)ocate' on )uc6no4 A ahaba' state hi7h4ay

• $( Hm #rom ,aebare i

• 2; Hm #rom A ahaba'

•

18; Hm #rom )uc6no4

NTPC VidyutVyaparNigamLimited100%

NTPCElectricSupply

Co Limited100%

!anti "i#lee$tpadan

NigamLimited

& '(%

NTPC )ydroLimited100%

Na*inagar Po+er,enerati

ngCompan

y PvtLimited-"./NTPCEnergy

Sy temLimited

NTPC/l tom

Po+erService

PvtLimited-

$tilityPo+ertecLtd $PL4

'0%

TEL!-5CVPL6NPEL

&& (%

NTPC/S 5L

Po+erCompan

y PvtLimited

'0%NTPC/S 5L

Po+erCompan

y PvtLimited

'0

Ratnagiri,a 7Po+erPrivate

Ltd28 '%

9e#a $r#a

NigamPrivateLimited

'0%

NTPC Tamilnad

uEnergy

CoLimited

'0%

ravali

Po+erCo PvtLtd '0%

NTPC/")ELPo+er

Pro#ectPvt

Limited-PTC

5ndiaLimited

:%

s a orhy'ro7en =rotor>

&


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B. Ma5or Milestones• ur ate Prime *inister 3mt. In'ira Gan'hi ai' 'o4n the #oun'ation stone on

80T/

9une 1521.• First t4o units o# 81;* 4ere commissione' on 81 st No"emberD 1522 an'

88 n' *archD 1525 by U.P. ,a+ya Vi'yut Utpa'an Ni7am.

• Unchahar pro+ect 4as ta6en o"er by NTPC #rom UP3!B on 1$ th FebD1558

• A#ter ta6e o"er o# FGUTPP #rom UP,VUN to NTPCD unit-$ unit-& 4ere

commissione' on 80 th 9anuaryD 1555 an' 88 n' ctoberD 1555

• No4 thir' sta7e =unit-(> is o# 1< 81; * .

C. Installe Capa4it6

3ta7e I 8 < 81; *

3ta7e II 8 < 81; *

3ta7e III 81; *

#. Pro u4tion Inputs

a. Coal 'our4e

• Centra Coa #ie 's )t'. = CC)>

• Bharat Coo6in7 Coa )t'. =BCC)>

/. 3ater 'our4e

• 3hara'a 3ahaya6 Cana =main>

• %a mau Pump Cana = #rom ri"er Gan7a>

E. *e7uire+ents• Coa @ 1&; tonnes J hr J unit

• ater @ 0;; tonnesJ hr J unit

F. Cost o" $eneration

,s. 8.&; J H4h

$. En!iron+ental Aspe4ts

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• Water Polluto - !## uents #rom therma 'ischar7es #rom con'enserD4astes

#rom coa han' in7 p antD ser"ice areasDoi D %* p antD sanitary 4aste an'

e## uents #rom ash pon' 4i be neutra i e' be#ore bein7 'ischar7e'.

•

A!r Pollut!o - Particu ate emission 4i be imite' to 1(; m7JNm$

byinsta in7 hi7h e##iciency !3Ps.

H. %a6out

The main pro+ect consist o# #o o4in7 areas K

• *ain p ant area consistin7 o# chimneyD!3PDBoi erD Contro roomD turbineD

7eneratorD trans#ormers an' s4itchyar'

• Ash han' in7 p ant consistin7 o# ash han' in7 pump houseD ash han' in7compressor houseD contro roomD pipe ine corri'or an' ash pon's

• Coa han' in7 P ant consistin7 o# trac6 hopperDprimary coa yar'D primary

crusherD secon'ary crusherD secon'ary coa yar'D stac6er rec aimerD 4a7on

tripp er an' connecte' con"eyors.

• Circu atin7 4ater system consistin7 o# C pumpsDassociate' pipe ines an'

coo in7 to4ers.

• ater treatment p ant consistin7 o# ch orination p antD pre-treatment p ant an'

%e-minera i e' 4ater treatment p ant.


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Figure 8. Unit o"er"ie4

I. Various C64les In T-e T-er+al Plant

!. Coal C"#le

C./.P P ant L Bun6er L,.C Fee'er L pu "eri e mi L Boi er section

!.". #eeder -It is in'uction motor 'ri"en 'e"iceD 4hich 'etermine the Muantity o# coa

enter in to pu "eri e mi .

$ulveri%e mill - Pu "eri ation means e:posin7 ar7e sur#ace area to the action o# o:y7en.

T4o types o# mi are use' in the p ant.• &all mill - A ba mi operates norma y un'er suction. A ar7e 'rum part y #i e'

4ith stee ba sD is use' in this mi . The 'rum is rotate' s o4 y 4hi e coa is #e' in to

it. The ba pu "eri es the coa by crushin7. This type o# mi is use' in sta7e -1.

• "ontact mill - This mi uses impact princip e. A the 7rin'in7 e ements an' the

primary air #an is mounte' on a sin7 e sha#t. The # o4 o# air carries coa to the

primary sta7e 4here it is re'uce' to a #ine 7ranu ar state by impact 4ith a series o#

hammers. This type o# mi is use' in sta7e-8.

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!!. Water C"#le

%.*. P ant L /ot e L C.!.P. Pump L )o4 Pressure heater 1D8D$L%erater L

Boi er Fee' pump L /i7h pressure /eater (D L Fee' ,e7u atin7 station !conomi er

L Boi er %rum.

'erater - Fee' stora7e tan6 o# 4ater. To pro'uce su##icient pressure be#ore

#ee'in7 to B.F.P. Fi ter the harm#u chemica s.

#eed !egulating (tation ) Contro the uantity o# 4ater in to boi er 'rum.

*conomiser ) F ue 7ases comin7 out o# the boi ers carry ot o# heat. An

economi er e:tracts a part o# this heat #rom the # ue 7ases an' uses it #or heat

the #ee' 4ater.

'rafts (+stem 9 In #orce' 'ra#t system the #an is insta e' near the base o# the boi er #urnace. This #an #orces air throu7h the #urnaceD economi erD air preheater

an' chimney.In an in'uce' 'ra#t systemD the #an is insta e' near the base o#

Chimney.

!!!. Stea$ C"#le

Boi er 'rums L ,in7 /ea'er L Boi er %rum =3team chamber> L 3uper /eater L /.P.

Turbine L ,eheater L I. P. Turbine L ).P. Turbine

&oiler 'rum ) Boi er 'rum consist t4o chamber 4ater chambersD steam

chamber.Be#ore enterin7 in super heater the steam is 7oin7 in to boi er 'rumD

4here the boi er 'rum #i tere' the moisture an' store' in to 4ater chamber.

(uper eater ) The #unction o# super heater is to remo"e the ast traces o#

moisture #rom the saturate' steam ea"in7 the 4ater tube boi er. The temperature

is appro: ($; C.

-urbine ) 3team turbine con"erts the heat ener7y in to mechanica ener7y an'

'ri"es on initia an' #ina heat content o# the steam. Turbine ha"in7 number o#

sta7e in 4hich the pressure 'rops ta6es p ace.

Figure . 3team # o4

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III. '3ITCHYA*#

The s4itch yar' is the p aces #rom 4here the e ectricity is sen' outsi'e. e 6no4 that

e ectrica ener7y can t be store' i6e ce sD so 4hat 4e 7enerate shou ' be consume'

instantaneous y. But as the oa' is not constants there#ore 4e 7enerate e ectricity

accor'in7 to nee' i.e. the 7eneration 'epen's upon oa'. It has both out'oor an' in'oor

e uipments.

1. Out oor E7uip+ents•

Bus Bar • )i7htenin7 Arrester

• a"e Trap

• Brea6er

• Capacitor Vo ta7e Trans#ormer

• !arthin7 ,o'

• Current Trans#ormer

• Potentia Trans#ormer

• Iso ators

• P)CC

. In oor E7uip+ents

• ,e ays

• Contro Pane s

A. Cir4uit Brea;er:

The co'e #or circuit brea6er is (8. An e ectric po4er system nee's some #orm o#

s4itch7ear in or'er to operate it sa#e y e##icient y un'er both norma an' abnorma

con'itions.

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18/54

Figure C

220 V >C

!g-cm 2/g 20BC4

3800 !g

21 !g

&0 @ 3 ec

'

1' @g-cm 2 /g

&0 @

10'0 !V pea@4

B. %ig-tening Arrester

These are pro"i'e' to combat the e##ect o# o"er "o ta7es an' sur7es cause' 'ue to

i7htin7 stro6es on the transmission ines. These are 7enera y pro"i'e' at the en' near

the instrument 4hich 4e 4ant to protect. The i7htenin7 arrestors pro"i'e an easy path to

the sur7e current to the 7roun' thereby not ettin7 the e uipments to #ai .

It sa"es the trans#ormer an' reactor #rom o"er "o ta7e an' o"er currents. e ha"e

to use the i7htnin7 arrester both in primary an' secon'ary o# trans#ormer an' in reactors.

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It has a roun' meta cap type structure on the top ca e' C , NA ,INGD meant

#or pro"i'in7 corona osses.

A meter is pro"i'e' 4hich in'icates the sur#ace ea6a7e an' interna 7ra'in7 current

o# arrester.

• $reen = arrester is -ealt-6

• *e = arrester is e"e4ti!e.

In case o# re' 4e #irst 'e-ener7i e the arrester an' then 'o the operation.

Figure >. )i7htenin7 Arrester

C. Air Brea; Eart-ing '?it4-

These are use' to 7roun' the circuit an' to 'ischar7e the CB 4hen CB is in o## con'ition.

The co'e o# earth in7 s4itch is (D D 0.The 4or6 o# this e uipment comes into picture

4hen 4e 4ant to shut 'o4n the supp y #or maintenance purpose. This he p to neutra i e

the system #rom in'uce' "o ta7e #rom e:tra hi7h "o ta7e. This in'uce' po4er is up to

8HV in case o# &;; HV ines.

TAB%E IIThe speci#ication o# earthin7 s4itch

Ma;e Type Vo ta7e Current *otor "o t=ac>

Contro "o t

='c>

' @ '

po?er

*a'ras 8&( 6" 1; 6A &1( "o ts 88; "o ts

12


20/54

#. Bus Bar

There are three buses "i . t4o main buses = bus 1 an' bus 8 > an' one trans#er bus. The

t4o main buses are #urther 'i"i'e' into t4o sections thus 7i"in7 us a tota o# #i"e buses.

Bus bars 7enera y are o# hi7h con'ucti"e a uminum con#ormin7 to I3-(;28 or copper o# a'e uate cross section .Bus bar ocate' in air @insu ate' enc osures

se7re7ate' #rom a other components .Bus bar is pre#erab y co"er 4ith po yurethane.

E. Capa4itor Voltage Trans"or+er (CVT)

It is use' #or three purposes K

• *eterin7

• Protection

• P)CC

The carrier current e uipment can be connecte' "ia the capacitor o# CVT. Thereby

there is no nee' o# separate coup in7 capacitor. The reactor connecte' in series 4ith the

bur'en is a'+uste' to such a "a ue that at supp y #re uency it resonates 4ith the sum o#

t4o capacitors. This e iminates the error. CVT is attache' at en' o# each transmissionD

ine an' buses.

The c"t is use' #or ine "o ta7e measurements on oa'e' con'itions. The basic

construction o# a c"t is as #o o4s. !ach CVT consists o# a coup in7 capacitor =CC>

4hich acts as a "o ta7e 'ri"er an' an ! ectro *a7netic Unit =!*U> 4hich trans#orms the

hi7h "o ta7e to stan'ar' o4 "o ta7e. %epen'in7 on the system "o ta7e the CC can be a

sin7 e or a mu ti stac6 unit. 8&( 6V &8;6V CVTs no norma y comprise o# 8 units. The

CC an' the !*U are in'i"i'ua y hermetica y sea e' to ensure accurate per#ormance

an' hi7h re iabi ity.

Figure . Capacitor Vo ta7e Trans#ormer

13


21/54

The main points o# 'i##erence bet4een a c"t an' a potentia trans#ormer is that in

a PT #u ine "o ta7e is impresse' upon the trans#ormer 4hi e in c"t ine "o ta7e a#ter

stan'ar' re'uction is app ie' to the trans#ormer.

F. 3a!e Trap

It is use' in P)CC system to trap #re uency hi7her than (; / . It is i7ht y in'ucti"e

ha"in7 "ery ess resistance. It is attache' at each en' o# transmission ine. It is o#

cy in'rica shape mounte' on top o# the transmission ine.

$. P%CC ( Po?er %ine Carrier Co++uni4ation)

In a''ition to po4er supp y trans#erD transmission ine is a so use' #or communication

purpose. This is 'one by P)CC system. /ere ine con'uctors itse # are use' as channe#or carryin7 in#ormation bet4een t4o en' o# ine.

The P)CC system is use' to trap the #re uency hi7her than (; / throu7h hi7h

in'uctance an' o4 resistance a on7 4ith a coup in7 capacitor. The main components o#

P)CC are K-

• a"e trap

• Co-a:ia cab e

• CVT• P)CC cabinet

• )*U = )ine matchin7 Unit>

H. Current Trans"or+er (CT)

These are use' #or steppin7 'o4n AC current #rom hi7her "a ue to o4er "a ue #or

measurementD protection an' contro . /ere N 8 7as is use' to pre"ent oi #rom moisture.

Its secon'ary 4in'in7 has ( cores.Termina 1D8D&D( @ protection

$ - meterin7

Turns ratio - 2;;J1

I. Isolator

The iso ators can be thou7ht o# s4itches that can either ma6e or brea6 the circuit at the

operator s 4ish. The 'i##erence o# an iso ator #rom a circuit brea6er can be rea i e' #rom

1&


22/54

the #act that a circuit brea6er s ma6in7 or brea6in7 o# a circuit 'epen's upon certain

pre'e#ine' con'itions 4hi e that o# the iso ator 'ictates no con'ition.

It is use' as o## ine ine circuit brea6er. It is norma y use' #or purpose o# iso atin7 a

certain portion 4hen re uire' #or maintenance. It operates at 8;;; A . In s4itchyar'

there are $ types o# iso ators K

• )ine iso ator

• Trans#er bus iso ator

• Bus iso ator

'e7uen4e o" operation ?-ile opening 4losing a 4ir4uit :hi e openin7 K open circuit brea6er open iso ator c ose earthin7 s4itch =i# any >

hi e c osin7 K ensure ciruit brea6er is open c ose iso ator open earthin7 s4itch

c ose circuit brea6er.

0. Ba6

3ystem componenets connecte' in a se uence constitute a bay.

The tota number o# bays is 88. ut o# 4hich $ are spare bays.

Bay 1 8(; *VA 1(.0(J8&8 6V Generator trans#ormer @ 1

Bay 8 3pare &; *VA 88;J0.1 6V 3tation Trans#ormer- $

Bay $ &; *VA 88;J0.1 HV 3tation Trans#ormer - 1

Bay & &; *VA 88;J0.1 HV 3tation Trans#ormer - 8

Bay 8(; *VA 1(.0(J8&8 HV Generator Trans#ormer -8

Bay 0 88; H" =Chin hut> )uc6 no4 Fee'er - 1

Bay 2 88; HV )uc6 no4 Fee'er -8

Bay 5 Bus coup ets 88; HV

Bay 1; 88; HV Fate#u Fee'er - 1

Bay 11 88; HV Fate#u Fee'er - 8

Bay 18 88; HV by Pass Brea6er

Bay 1$ 81; * Generators -$

Bay 1& &; *VA 88;J .5 HV 3tation Trans#ormer - $

Bay 1 81; *4 Generators - $

Bay 10 88; HV Trans#er Bus Coup er- 8

1'


23/54

Bay 15 88; HV Hanpur Fee'ers - 1

Bay 8; 88; HV Hanpur Fee'ers - 8

Bay 81 88; HV Hanpur Fee'ers - $

Bay 88 88; HV Hanpur Fee'ers - &

1


24/54

Figure . 3in7 e ine 'ia7ram o# 34itchyar'

1(


25/54

IV. $ENE*ATO*

The trans#ormation o# mechanica ener7y into e ectrica ener7y is carrie' out by the

7enerator. The 7enerator a so ca e' the a ternator is base' upon the princip e o#

e ectroma7netic in'uction. The stator houses the armature 4in'in7s an' the rotor houses

the #ie ' 4in'in7s. The a ternator is a 'oub y e:cite' system an' the #ie ' is e:cite' #rom

'c supp y 4hereas the output recei"e' #rom the a ternator is ac. hen the rotor is

ener7ise' the # u: ines emitte' by it are cut by the stator 4in'in7s 4hich in'uces an em#

in them 7i"en by

! &.&& # O N

here # #re uency in /

O #ie ' stren7th in 4ebersJm 8

N spee' o# rotor in rpm

Turbo 7enerators run at a "ery hi7h spee' hence the no. o# po es are 7enera y t4o or

#our an' ha"e a cy in'rica rotor construction 4ith sma 'iameter an' on7 a:ia en7th.

A. Main 4o+ponents

The main components o# a 7enerator are the rotor an' stator.

*otorThe e ectrica rotor is the most 'i##icu t part o# the 7enerator to 'esi7n. It is an

e ectroma7net an' to 7i"e it the re uire' stren7th o# ma7netic #ie ' a ar7e current is

re uire' to # o4 throu7h it. The rotor is a cast stee in7ot an' is #urther #or7e' an'

machine'.

Rotor %! &! g 3i "er bearin7 copper is use' #or the 4in'in7 4ith mica as the insu ation

bet4een con'uctors. A mechanica y stron7 insu ator such as micanite is use' #or inin7

the s ots. ,otor has ho o4 con'uctors 4ith s ots to pro"i'e #or circu ation o# the coo in7

7as.

Rotor 'ala #! g The rotor must then be comp ete y teste' #or mechanica ba ance 4hich

eans that a chec6 is ma'e to see i# it 4i run upto norma spee' 4ithout "ibration.

'tator

Stator (ra$e It is the hea"iest oa' to be transporte'. The ma+or part is the stator core.

This comprises an inner #rame an' an outer #rame. The outer #rame is a ri7i' #abricate'

structure o# 4e 'e' stee p ate. In ar7e 7enerator the outer casin7 is 'one in t4o parts.

1:


26/54

Stator #ore) it is the hea"iest part an' is bui t #rom a ar7e no. o# thin stee p ates or

punchin7s.

Stator %! &! g* It is o# ap type an' emp oys 'irect 4ater coo e' bar type 4in'in7. The

stator 4in'in7 bar is ma'e #rom 7 ass appe' e ementary con'uctor an' ho o4

con'uctors. The main insu ation is app ie' by means o# mica tape 4hich is 4rappe' an'

is compoun'e' 4ith the he p o# a si icon epo:y compoun'.

TAB%E III3peci#ications o# Turbo Generators

&VA P" 'tator

Voltage

(V)

'tator

Current

(A)

*otor

Voltage

(V)

*otor

Current

(A)

*p+ H, P-ase Coolant

8&0;;; ;.2( 1(0(; 5;(; $1; 8 ;; $;;; (; $ ater

=stator>

hy'ro7en

=rotor>

B. ED4itation '6ste+• Stat!# E+#!tat!o S"*te$ -The 7enerators in sta7e -1=u-1 u-8> ha"e this

e:citation system. 3tatic e:citation system has s ip rin7 an' carbon brush

arran7ement. It consists o# step 'o4n trans#ormerD con"erter an' AV, =automatic

"o ta7e re7u ator>.

• Bru*,le** E+#!tat!o S"*te$ / The 7enerators in sta7e -8=U-$D U-& U- (>

ha"e this e:citation system. It has t4o e:citersD one is main e:citer an' other is

pi ot e:citer.

C. $enerator Prote4tion• Stator Prote#t!o ) The neutra o# star connecte' 4in'in7 is connecte' to primary

o# neutra 7roun'in7 trans#ormerD so that earth #au t current is imite' by o"er

"o ta7e re ay.

• D!((ere t!al Prote#t!o ) In case o# phase-to-phase #au t 7enerator is protecte' by

on7itu'ina 'i##erentia re ay.

18


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• Rotor Prote#t!o ),otor 4in'in7 may be 'ama7e' by earth #au ts or open circuits.

The #ie ' is biase' by a 'c "o ta7eD 4hich causes current to # o4 throu7h the re ay

#or an earth #au t any4here on the #ie ' system.

•

O er S ee& Prote#t!o / *echanica y o"er spee' 'e"ice that is usua y in the#orm o# centri#u7a y operate' rin7s mounte' on the rotor sha#tD 4hich # y out an'

c ose the stop "a "es i# the spee' o# the set increase more than 1;E.

• O er /oltage Prote#t!o / It is pro"i'e' 4ith an o"er "o ta7e re ay. The re ay is

usua y in'uction pattern. The re ay open the main circuit brea6 an' the #ie '

s4itch i# the o"er "o ta7e persists.

• Seal O!l S"*te$ / /y'ro7en in the 7enerator is un'er "ery hi7h pressure. There is

a possibi ity o# this hy'ro7en to come out o# 7apsD 4hich is "ery ha ar'ous. 3oDsea oi is use' to sea the 7aps so that hy'ro7en 'oesn t come out.

• Lu'r!#at!o O!l S"*te$ / Turbine ubrication-oi system see6s to pro"i'e proper

ubrication o# turbo 7enerator bearin7s an' operation o# barrin7 7ear. Pumps are

use' to circu ate ubrication-oi insi'e the 7enerator. The oi o# the ubrication an'

the 7o"ernin7 system is coo e' in the oi coo ers. The coo in7 me'ium #or these

coo ers is circu atin7 4ater.

#. $enerator Cooling '6ste+

Turbo7enerator is pro"i'e' 4ith an e##icient coo in7 system to a"oi' e:cessi"e

heatin7 an' conse uent 4ear an' tear o# its main components 'urin7 operation. The

t4o main systems emp oye' #or coo in7 are 4ater coo in7 system an' hy'ro7en

coo in7 system.

0"&roge #ool! g *"*te$) /y'ro7en is use' as a coo in7 me'ium in ar7e capacity7enerator in "ie4 o# the #o o4in7 #eature o# hy'ro7en. hen hy'ro7en is use' as a

coo ant the temperature 7ra'ient bet4een the sur#ace to be coo e' an' the coo ant is

7reat y re'uce'. This is because o# the hi7h coe##icient o# heat trans#er o# hy'ro7en.

The therma con'ucti"ity o# hy'ro7en is 0 times that o# air an' hence 7oo' heat

con'uction is possib e. hi e usin7 hy'ro7en it e iminates o:y7en in the chamber

an' hence pre"ents the #ormation corrosi"e aci's there#ore en7thens the i#e o#

insu ation. As hy'ro7en is a non-supporter o# combustion hence ris6 o# #ire is

20


28/54

e iminate'. The 'ensity o# hy'ro7en is 1J1&th times o# air hence circu ation is a so

easier.

The coo in7 system main y comprises o# a 7as contro stan'D a 'ri"erD hy'ro7en

contro pane D 7as purity measurin7 instrument an' an in'icatin7 instrumentD "a "es

an' the sea in7 system. A 7reat care shou ' be ta6en so that no o:y7en enters the

coo in7 system because hy'ro7en #orms an e:p osi"e mi:ture 4ith air. The purity o#

hy'ro7en be maintaine' as hi7h as 52E.to pro'uce hy'ro7en in such ar7e uantities

a separate p ant ca e' the hy'ro7en p ant is a so maintaine'.

Water #ool! g *"*te$) Turbo7enerators re uire 4ater coo in7 arran7ement. The

stator 4in'in7 is coo e' by circu ation o# 'eminera ise' 4ater throu7h ho o4

con'uctors. The system is 'esi7ne' to maintain a constant rate o# coo in7 4ater # o4

to the stator 4in'in7 at a nomina temperature o# &; 'e7 Ce sius.

E. Cooling 'pe4i"i4ations O" Tur/ogenerators At F$UTPP

'tage9I:

ater as 4e as hy'ro7en coo in7 is present in sta7e-I turbo 7enerators 4ith

#o o4in7 speci#icationsK

Rotor #ool! g) /y'ro7en 7as pressureK $.( H7Jcm 8D PurityK 52E

Stator #ool! g) ater pressureK $.( H7Jcm 8 D ,ate o# # o4 o# 4aterK 1$; m $Jhr

'tage9II @ III:

n y hy'ro7en coo in7 is use' #or both stator an' rotor coo in7.

Rotor #ool! g) /y'ro7en 7as pressureK $.( H7Jcm 8D PurityK 52E

Stator #ool! g) /y'ro7en 7as pressureK 8.; H7Jcm 8D PurityK 52E

V. T*AN'FO*ME*'21


29/54

The trans#ormer is a 'e"ice that trans#ers e ectrica ener7y #rom one e ectrica circuit to

another throu7h the me'ium o# ma7netic #ie ' an' 4ithout the chan7e o# #re uency. It is

an e ectroma7netic ener7y con"ersion 'e"iceD since the ener7y recei"e' by the primary is

#irst con"erte' to ma7netic an' is then recon"erte' to e ectrica ener7y in the secon'ary.

Thus these 4in'in7s are not connecte' e ectrica y but coup e' ma7netica y. Its

e##iciency is in the ran7e o# 50 to 52 E.

A. Trans"or+er a44essories• Co *er ator 4ith the "ariation o# temperature there is a correspon'in7 "ariation

in the "o ume o# oi 'ue to e:pansion an' contraction o# oi cause' by the

temperature chan7e. To account #or thisD an e:pansion "esse ca e' the

conser"ator is connecte' to the outsi'e atmosphere throu7h a 'ehy'ratin7

breather to 6eep the air in the conser"ator 'ry. An oi 7au7e sho4s the e"e o# oi

in the conser"ator.

• Breat,er it is pro"i'e' to pre"ent the contamination o# oi in the conser"ator by

the moisture present in the outsi'e air enterin7 the conser"ator. The outsi'e air is

'ra4n into the conser"ator e"erytime the trans#ormer coo s 'o4n 4hich resu ts in

the contraction o# the "o ume occupie' by the oi in the conser"ator. The

breather contains a 'esiccator usua y 3i ica 7e 4hich has the property o#

absorbin7 moisture #rom the air. A#ter sometime si ica 7e 7ets saturate' an' then

it chan7es it co our #rom purp e to pin6 in'icatin7 that it has become saturate'

an' hence nee's to be rep ace' or re7enerate'.

• Rel!e( e t In case o# se"ere interna #au t in the trans#ormerD the pressure may

be bui t to a "ery hi7h e"e 4hich may resu t in the e:p osion in the tan6. /ence

to a"oi' such con'ition a re ie# "ent is pro"i'e' 4ith a ba6e ite 'iaph7ram 4hich

brea6s beyon' certain pressure an' re eases the pressure.• Bu*,! g* they consist o# concentric porce ain 'iscs 4hich are use' #or insu ation

an' brin7in7 out the termina s o# the 4in'in7s #rom the tan6.

• Bu#,#,olt1 rela" this is a protection scheme #or the trans#ormer to protect o#

a7ainst anticipate' #au ts. It is app icab e to the oi immerse' trans#ormer an'

'epen's on the #act that trans#ormer brea6'o4ns are a 4ays prece'e' by "io ent

7eneration o# 7as 4hich mi7ht occur 'ue to spar6in7 or arcin7. It consist o# t4o

22


30/54

mercury re aye' s4itches one #or a 'an7er a arm an' the secon' #or trippin7 the

trans#ormer.

• Te$ erature ! &!#ator* trans#ormers are pro"i'e' 4ith t4o temperature

in'icators that in'icate the temperature o# the 4in'in7 an' that o# the oi in thetrans#ormer #or an oi #i e' trans#ormer. The temperature in'icators are a so

protecti"e in nature 4hereby the #irst create an a arm an' then tripp the respecti"e

trans#ormer in case the temperature o# the respecti"e parts rises beyon' a certain

"a ue.

• Ta #,a ger* these are a so pro"i'e' an' are mounte' on the trans#ormer. In

case some 6in' o# oa' # uctuations the taps can be chan7e' or a'+uste' as per the

nee'. There are t4o types o# tap chan7ers n oa' tap chan7er an' ## oa' tap

chan7er.

B. Cooling O" Trans"or+ers

/eat is pro'uce' in the trans#ormers 'ue to the current # o4in7 in the con'uctors o# the

4in'in7s an' on account o# the e''y current in the core an' a so because o# the hyterisis

oss. In sma 'ry type trans#ormers the heat is 'irect y 'issipate' to the atmosphere. In

oi immerse' systems oi ser"es as the me'ium #or trans#errin7 the heat pro'uce'.

Because o# the 'i##erence in the temperatures o# the parts o# the trans#ormers circu atin7

currents are set. n account o# these circu atin7 currents hot oi is mo"e' to the coo er

re7ion name y the heat e:chan7er an' the coo er oi is #orce' to4ar's the hot re7ion. The

heat e:chan7ers 7enera y consist o# ra'iators 4ith #ins 4hich mi7ht be pro"i'e' 4ith

#orce' or natura type air circu ation #or remo"a o# heat.

The oi in oi immerse' trans#ormers may a so be o# #orce' or natura circu ation

type. The oi use' #or coo in7 is si icone oi or a mi:ture o# naphtha ene an' para##in.

hen #orce' oi circu ation is use' then pumps are use' #or the circu ation o# the oi . The

oi #orce' air #orce' type coo in7 is use' in ar7e trans#ormers o# "ery hi7h HVA ratin7.

!. S!$ le Cool! g

AN: Natura coo in7 by atmospheric circu ationD 4ithout any specia 'e"ices. The

trans#ormer core an' coi s are open a roun' to the air. This metho' is con#ine' to "ery

sma units at a #e4 6V at o4 "o ta7es.

AB: In this case the coo in7 is impro"e' by an air b astD 'irecte' by suitab e trun6in7 an' pro'uce'

23


31/54

by a #an.

ON: The 7reat ma+ority o# trans#ormers are oi -immerse' 4ith natura coo in7D i.e. the

heat 'e"e ope'

in the cores an' coi s is passe' to the oi an' thence to the tan6 4a sD #rom 4hich it is

'issipate'.

The a'"anta7es o"er air-coo in7 inc u'e #ree'om #rom the possibi ity o# 'ust c o77in7

the coo in7

'uctsD or o# moisture a##ectin7 the insu ationD an' the 'esi7n #or hi7her "o ta7es is 7reat y

impro"e'.

OB: In this metho' the coo in7 o# an N-type trans#ormer is impro"e' by air b ast o"er

the

outsi'e o# the tan6.

OFN: The oi is circu ate' by pump to natura air coo ers.

OFB: For ar7e trans#ormers arti#icia coo in7 may be use'. The FB metho' comprises

a #orce'

circu ation o# the oi to a re#ri7eratorD 4here it is coo e' by air-b ast.

O3: An oi -immerse' trans#ormer o# this type is coo e' by the circu ation o# 4ater in

coo in7

tubes situate' at the top o# the tan6 but be o4 oi - e"e .

OF3: 3imi ar to FBD e:cept that the re#ri7erator emp oys 4ater instea' o# air b ast #or

coo in7

the oi D 4hich is circu ate' by pump #rom the trans#ormer to the coo er.

!!. M!+e& Cool! g

ON OB: As ND but 4ith a ternati"e a''itiona air-b ast coo in7. NJ FND NJ FBD

NJ F D

NJ BJ FBD NJ J F K A ternati"e coo in7 con'itions in accor'ance 4ith the

metho's in'icate'.

A trans#ormer may ha"e t4o or three ratin7s 4hen more than one metho' o# coo in7 is

pro"i'e'. For an NJ B arran7ement these ratin7s are appro:imate y in the ratio 1J1.(

#or NJ BJ FB in the ratio 1J1.(J8.

C. Main Trans"or+ers

2&


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i. Ge rator Tra *(or$er )) This is a step up trans#ormer. This supp y 7ets

its primary supp y #rom 7enerator an' its secon'ary supp ies the s4itchyar' #rom

4here it is transmitte' to 7ri'. This trans#ormer is oi coo e'. The primary o# this

trans#ormer is connecte' in star. The secon'ary is connecte' in 'e ta. These are

#i"e in number.

ii. Stat!o Tra *(or$er ))This trans#ormer has a most the same ratin7 as the

7enerator trans#ormer. Its primary is connecte' in 'e ta an' secon'ary in star. It is

a step 'o4n trans#ormer. These are & in number.

iii. U !t Au+!l!ar" Tra *(or$er )) This is a step 'o4n trans#ormer. The primary

recei"es #rom 7enerator an' secon'ary supp ies a . HV bus. This is oi coo e'.

These are 1; in number.

i". Neutral Grou &e& Tra *(or$er ))This trans#ormer is connecte' 4ith supp y

comin7 out o# UAT in sta7e-8. This is use' to 7roun' the e:cess "o ta7e i# occurs

in the secon'ary o# UAT in spite o# rate' "o ta7e.

TAB%E IV

3peci#ications o# GTs

TA

TAB%E V3peci#ications o# 3Ts

2'


33/54

TAB%E VI3peci#ications UATs

TAB%E VII Neura 7roun'e' trans#ormer =NGT>

&VA P-ase H, T6pe o" 4ooling

Noloa

!oltage(!olts)

Noloa

!oltage%V

(!olts)

%ine4urrentHV (A)

%ineCurrent%V (A)

Te+p*ise

o" Oil( C)

Te+prise

3in ing

11 G $ (; NAFJ NAN ;; 8(; 1;(.5 8 ((.2 (; ((

VI. #.C 'Y'TEM

A. *e7uire+ent O" #4 '6ste+2


34/54

There are some au:i iaries 4hich nee' to run e"en 4hen the ac supp y #ai s such as sea

oi pumpsD the scanner systemD "a "e contro D i7htsDetc. 3o 4e re uire the %C system.

A the circuit brea6ers in the po4er p ant operate on %C. The %C system

comprises o# batteriesD char7ersD contro circuit to maintain a continuous supp y #or the

%C #ee'ers.

There are #i"e units in unchahar po4er p ant an' in each unit separate battery

rooms are ma'e #rom 4hich 4e ha"e 88;V as 4e as 8&V %C supp y

B. #es4ription o" /atter6:

Capacity 88; V =1&;; A/> J 8& V =&;; A/>

Per unit ce 8.8 V

Batter" late)

Positi"e termina Pb 8

Ne7ati"e termina Pb

! ectro yte / 83 &

Rea#t!o * o##ur! g ! t,e 'atter" )

1. At the time o# char7in7K

At positi"e p ate @

Pb3 & Q 3 & Q 8/ 8 -R Pb 8 Q 8/ 8

At ne7ati"e p ate @

Pb3 & Q / 8 -R Pb Q / 83

8. At the time o# %ischar7in7K

At positi"e p ate @

Pb 8 Q / 8 Q / 83 & -R Pb3 & Q 8 / 8

At ne7ati"e p ate @

Pb Q 3 & -R Pb3 &

C. Batter6 4-arger

Battery char7er norma y operates in t4o mo'es.

• F oat char7in7K It is constant "o ta7e mo'e an' 4or6s as a tric6 e char7er.

• Boost char7in7K It is constant current mo'e an' 4or6s as a uic6 char7er.

2(


35/54

Tr!#2le C,arger = It operates at 88;V. It is use' #or continuous char7in7 o# the battery.

Fu time battery is char7e' by the tric6 e char7er an' remains in # oat con'ition.

3u!#2 #,arger @ It is a so 6no4n as Boost Char7er. This is use' at the time o#

o"erhau in7. It operates in t4o mo'es @

i. Constant current =CC>

ii. Constant Vo ta7e =CV>

#. Capa4it6 test o" /atter6 K

In or'er to maintain the con'ition o# battery 4e 'o a capacity test. For 88;V 4e #irst

'ischar7e the battery at the rate o# 1&; A #or 1; hrs. throu7h a resistance bo:es. e 6eep

on monitorin7 the @

• 3peci#ic 7ra"ity o# e ectro yte

• Temperature

• Vo ta7e

o# each ce . I# the "o ta7e e"e 7oes be o4 1.2(VD it in'icates that the ce is 'e#ecti"e

an' nee's rep acement.

For rechar7in7 these batteries 4e char7e them in constant current =CC> mo'e at

the rate o# E #or 1-8 'ays. %urin7 char7in7 the battery 7i"es a tota o# 80;-82; V. In

or'er to maintain 88; V e"e 4e bypass some batteries ti the supp y is maintaine'.

Ba*!# o erat!o o( #,arger)

In the char7er there are t4o incomers an' at a time on y one s4itch in on. This supp y

7oes to the contactor 4hich is tappe' throu7h the coi s accor'in7 to the "o ta7e e"e s.

The 'io'es recti#y ac to 'c but since it is not ripp e #ree so 4e app y the )C #i ter circuit

4hich o4ers the ripp e #actor an' 7i"es us the %C same is the case 4ith 8& V Char7er.

From the char7er one supp y 7oes to the %C%B =%irect Coup e' %i7ita Boar'>

an' the other to the battery #or char7in7.

VII. '3ITCH$EA*

2:


36/54


37/54

For o4 "o ta7e circuits #uses may be use' to iso ate the #au ty circuit. For "o ta7e hi7her

than $.$ 6V iso ation is achie"e' by circuit brea6er.

Re4u!re$e t o( #!r#u!t 'rea2er)

• A#ter occurrence o# #au t the s4itch7ears must iso ate the #au ty circuit as uic6 y

as possib e i.e. 6eepin7 the 'e ay to minimum.

• It shou ' not operate 4hen an o"er current # o4s un'er hea thy con'ition.

Ba*!# r! #! al o( o erat!o o( #!r#u!t 'rea2er)

Circuit brea6er consists o# a #i: contact an' s i'in7 contact into 4hich mo"es a mo"in7

contact. The en' o# mo"in7 contact it attache' to a han' e that can be manua y operate'

or may operate automatica y 4ith the he p o# mechanism that has a trip coi ener7i e'

by secon'ary o# CT. Un'er norma con'ition the secon'ary o# CT is not ener7i e'

su##icient y to trip the coi but un'er #a se con'ition the coi is ener7i e' #u y to operate

the trip coi an' the circuit brea6er is operate'.

• MOCB (Mini+u+ oil 4ir4uit /rea;er)

• 'F< ('ulp-ur -eDa"luori e 4ir4uit /rea;er)

/ere oi an' 3F are use' to uench the arc.

Bu* &u#t*)

These ser"e as interconnection bet4een trans#ormer an' s4itch7ear an' are non-

se7re7ate' phase type. These are natura air coo e'.

Bu* #ou ler)

It acts as interconnection bet4een the t4o bus. I# the supp y o# one bus #ai s then the bus

coup er connects the t4o buses an' char7es the bus #rom the other bus.

D!((ere t rela"* u*e&)• *otor protection system

• !arth #au t re ay

• "er oa' re ay

• )oc6 out re ay

• Chec6 synchroni in7 re ay

• %i##erentia protection re ay

• Au:i iary re ay30


38/54

Figure 1G. ! ectica system ayout o# sta7e III

VIII. BOI%E*

31


39/54

Furnace is p ace' at the bottom o# the most important part o# the therma p ant 4here

steam is 7enerate'. The boi er use' at FGUTPP is the 4ater tube boi er type in 4hichD

4ater circu ates in tubes surroun'e' by #ire. /ence it ta6es up heat an' 7ets con"erte'

into steam. The steam then rises up an' 7ets co ecte' insi'e the boi er 'rum. The boi er

is ma'e up o# carbon stee . The temperature o# steam that comes out o# the boi er is

aroun' ($; 'e7 Ce sius an' its pressure is 18;67Jcm 8. The type o# boi er can be #urther

e aborate' as natura circu ationD 'ry bottomD an' tan7entia #ire'D ra'iant heat type 4ith

'irect #ire' pu "erise' coa system.

nce the steam is pro'uce' in the boi erD it 7ets co ecte' insi'e the boi er 'rum.

Boi er 'rum is a specia type o# cy in'rica 'rum i6e structure 4hich contains a mi:ture

o# 4ater an' steam. 3team bein7 i7hter 7ets co ecte' at the top portion an' beneath it

4e ha"e the 4ater. It is "ery important to maintain a sa#e e"e o# 4ater in the 'rum since

4e ha"e t4o main types o# constraints in this re7ar'. I# the steam pro'uce' an' co ecte'

is more then it can ea' to a b ast in the boi er 'rum e se tiny 'rop ets o# 4ater can enter

the turbine. /ence in or'er to 6eep a chec6 4e measure the e"e by hy'rastep.

/y'rastep is a phenomenon base' on the 'i##erence in the con'ucti"ities o# 4ater an'

steam.

3ince there is 7reat pressure an' temperature at the boi er 7reat care shou ' be

ta6en 4hi e 7oin7 to the site an' maintenance.

3ince coa is burnin7 in the #urnace an' then 4e ha"e 4ater tubes o# the boi er

insi'e hence constant burnin7 o# coa pro'uces ash 4hich 7ets co ecte' on the 4ater

tubes an' the start 4or6in7 as insu ationD hence its necessary to b o4 this soot hence #or

this purpose 4e use 3oot B o4ers.

3oot b o4ers are basica y pipe i6e structures that 7o insi'e the #urnace an' the

boi er #or e##icient on oa' c eanin7. C eanin7 is 'one by the superheate' steam 4hich is

tappe' #rom the superheater #or the purpose o# soot b o4in7. The pressure is re'uce' to

$167Jcm 8 at $$; 'e7 Ce sius by means o# re'ucin7 "a "e. e main y ha"e three types o#

soot b o4ersK

1. on7 retraceab e soot b o4er

8. 4a b o4er

$. air reheater

Be#ore sen'in7 this steam to the turbineD the steam is a7ain superheate' an' then its

temperature is aroun' (2;'e7 Ce sius. This increases the e##iciency since the temperature

32


40/54

is the measure o# ener7y hence hi7her temperature hi7her is the ener7y. /enceD 'urin7

the phenomenon o# superheatin7 the steam 4hich is 'ry an' saturate'D is bein7 heate'

an' hence the temperature o# steam a7ain rises.

First the steam #rom boi er 'rum enters the o4 temperature super heater =)T3/>.

A#ter )T3/ steam enters the p aten superheater an' then #ina y to a hi7h temperature

superheater. The steam 4hich is no4 pro'uce' 7oes to the /P turbine.

Figure 11. ater tube Boi er 3chematic )ayout

I . E%ECT*O'TATIC P*ECIPITATO* (E'P)

33


41/54

The ash content in the In'ian coa is o# the or'er o# $; to &; E. hen coa is #ire' in the

boi erD ashes are iberate' an' about 2;E o# ash is carrie' a on7 4ith the # ue 7ases. I#

this ash is a o4e' to # o4 in the atmosphereD it 4i cause air po ution an' ea' to hea th

troub es. There#ore it is necessary to precipitate the 'ust #rom the # ue 7ases an' this

4or6 is 'one by the e ectrostatic precipitator.

A. 3or;ing prin4iple

The princip e upon 4hich an e ectrostatic precipitator 4or6s is that 'ust a'en 7ases are

passe' into a chamber 4here the in'i"i'ua partic es o# 'ust are 7i"en an e ectric char7e

by absorption o# #ree ions #rom a hi7h "o ta7e %C ionisin7 #ie '. ! ectric #orces cause a

stream o# ions to pass #rom the 'ischar7e e ectro'es =emittin7> to the co ectin7

e ectro'es an' the partic es o# ash in the 7as are 'e# ecte' out o# the 7as stream into the

co ectin7 sur#aces 4here they are retaine' by e ectrica attraction. They are remo"e' by

an intermittent b o4 usua y re#erre' to as ,APPING. This causes the ash to 'rop into

hoppers situate' be o4 the e ectro'es. There are & steps that are in"o "e'K

1. Ionisation o# 7ases an' char7in7 o# partic es.

8. *i7ration o# partic es to respecti"e e ectro'es.

$. %eposition o# partic es on the e ectro'es.

&. %is o'7in7 o# partic es #rom the e ectro'es.

B. #es4ription

The !3P consist o# t4o sets o# e ectro'esD one in the #orm o# he ica thin 4ires ca e'

emittin7 e ectro'e 4hich is connecte' to -0;HV %C an' the co ectin7 e ectro'e in

7roun'e'.

C. Parts o" E'P

1. Basing9 K the precipitator casin7 is robust y 'esi7ne' an' has an a 4e 'e' stee

construction.

8. Hoppers9 K the hoppers are o# pyrami'ica shape. The an7 e bet4een hopper corner

an' the hori onta is ne"er ess than (( 'e7 an' o#ten more to ensure easy 'ust # o4.

To ensure #ree # o4 'ry ash into 'isposa system the o4er portion o# hopper are

pro"i'e' 4ith e ectrica heaters.

3&


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$. Colle4ting s6ste+9 K the co ectin7 system consists o# e ectro'es 4hich are base' on

the concept o# 'imensiona stabi ity. They ha"e a # at uni#orm sur#ace #or uni#orm

char7e 'istribution. These e ectro'es ha"e ar7er area an' are 7roun'e'D hence ha"e

ero potentia .

&. E+itting s6ste+9 K the emittin7 system consist o# emittin7 or 'ischar7in7 e ectro'es

that are in the #ront o# the he ica 4ires #or a non-uni#orm 'istribution to enhance the

rate o# char7in7 since a non-uni#orm #ie ' is create'.

(. *apping +e4-anis+9 K the ,appin7 mechanism is a process 4hich is emp oye' to

hammer out the ash partic es 4hich 7et precipitate' on the respecti"e p ates. /ence

in or'er to hammer out those partic es rappin7 motors are emp oye' 4hich hammer

at the rate o# 8 to $ cyc es per minute. Various motors are emp oye' an' are ca e'

co ectin7 rappin7 motor an' emittin7 rappin7 motor.

. Insulators9 K these are a so emp oye' #or support since !3P is hun7 4ith the he p o#

these insu ators.

0. Trans"or+er *e4ti"ier9 K a trans#ormer recti#ier is emp oye' 4hich steps up the

"o ta7e to 0;HV an' then it is recti#ie' to -0; HV an' is 7i"en to the emittin7

e ectro'e

Figure 1 . 3chematic %ia7ram o# !3P

#. Ele4tri4al s4-e+e o" E'PThe #o o4in7 mechanism ta6es p ace e ectrica yK

3'


43/54

• !mitter e ectro'e =!> creates a stron7 e ectric #ie ' near the sur#ace an' corona

'ischar7e ta6es p ace.

• Positi"e an' ne7ati"e ions are #orme' by this 'ischar7e.

• The positi"e ions mo"e to4ar's anti positi"e char7e ine e ectro'es ca e'emittin7 e ectro'es an' the ne7ati"e ions to4ar's co ectin7 e ectro'es.

• %urin7 this passa7e ions co i'e 4ith ash partic es an' a'here to them.

• These char7e' partic es stic6 on the co ector curtain 4hich is the 'is o'7e' by

the rappin7 motors 4hich is co ecte' by the hoppers.

For optimum #unctiona e##iciency o# the precipitator the supp y "o ta7e shou '

be maintaine' near abo"e the # ash o"er e"e bet4een e ectro'es. This is achie"e' by the

e ectronic contro . The e##iciency o# !3P is about 55.5(E. The !3P is 'i"i'e' into & passes ca e' AD BD CD % an' has "arious #ie 's per pass.

In sta7e-I 4e ha"e 0 #ie 's per pass an' hence the tota no. o# #ie 's is 82 4hereas in

sta7e-II III 4e ha"e ha"e 2 #ie 's per pass an' hence the tota no. o# #ie 's is $8.

E. Varia/le "re7uen46 ri!e

From the e ectrostatic precipitatorD the # ue 7ases are suc6e'. It is a type o# #an an' is

ca e' In'uce' 'ra#t #an. It suc6s the # ue 7ases #rom the !3P an' then trans#ers them tothe chimney. In sta7e-I an I* is emp oye' #or this purpose but the spee' contro o# that

motor is not possib e. 3ometimes the amount o# # ue 7ases comin7 out is sma an' other

times it is ar7e but since no spee' contro is possib e hence the # o4 o# # ue 7ases

become a te'ious tas6. /o4e"er in sta7e-II the spee' contro is possib e since here 4e

ha"e "ariab e #re uency 'ri"e. The motor 4hich is emp oye' here are synchronous

motor.

Usin7 "ariab e #re uency 'ri"e "o ta7e is compensate' at o4 #re uenciesD thetor ue at o4 spee's is impro"e'. To obtain the "o ta7e boostD 4e re uire a contro e'

con"erter as 4e as a contro e' in"erter.

The pane in Fi7ure 11 is a "ariab e #re uency 'ri"e pane . First the three phase

supp y #rom trans#ormer is #e' to the contro e' recti#ier 4hich the ac to 'c. The

a'"anta7e o# usin7 a contro e' recti#ier is that the a"era7e "a ue o# the output can be

contro e' by "aryin7 the #irin7 an7 e. Then its output is #e' to the in"erter 4hich is a

type o# oa' commutate' in"erter. Be#ore passin7 it to the in"erter a reactor is a so

3


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emp oye' in bet4een this re'uces the ripp es. The in"erter then con"erts 'c to ac an' the

ac is #e' to the synchronous motor. The spee' o# synchronous motor is #i:e' an' is 7i"en

by 18; # J p. since the on y thin7 "ariab e in the e:pression is the #re uency 4hich is

'irect y proportiona to the spee'. /ence the in"erter "aries the #re uency an' hence

contro s the spee' o# the motor. The contro e' recti#ier in the circuit is use' #or "o ta7e

contro 4hi e the oa' commutate' in"erter is use' #or #re uency "ariation

Figure 1 . ! ectrica scheme o# VF%

T%o #,a el arra ge$e t (or *" #,ro ou* $otor

The stator o# the synchronous motor is 7i"en supp y usin7 t4o channe s. Norma y the

motor 4or6s on both channe s but un'er some #au ty con'itions on any one o# the

channe s the other channe can continue 4or6in7 since the motor is re uire' #or

continuous operation

Figure 18. T4o channe arran7ement o# synchronous motor

/ence the #re uency is "arie' #rom ;.( / to &0.(/ . hen both channe s

operate the motor mo"es at (0(rpm an' 4hen one channe is in operation the ma:imum

spee' is &0(rpm. The po4er an' current ratin7s in case o# both the channe s is 1&1&H

3(


45/54

&8;Amp. In case on y one channe is 4or6in7 then the po4er is $(H an' current is

$2;Amp.

TAB%E VIII

3peci#ication o# 3ynchronous *otor &3

rating

&VA

rating

P.F. 'pee

(rp+)

'tator

!oltage

ED4itation

!oltage

Insulation

4lass

3t.

(&g)1818&3 1 & ;.5

= ea'>

(0( 8


46/54

NTPC Unchahar 7ets its coa supp y main y #rom Bihar. No4 coa is a so comin7 #rom

Austra iaD as coa pro'uce' in In'ia is o# o4 7ra'e an' ash content is more. The coa

bein7 #i e' in the 4a7ons o# the rai reaches p ant. The purpose o# this p ant is to con"ey

the coa to the bun6er in the si e not ar7er than 8;mm.It han' es an' transports the coa

to the bun6er #rom the 4a7ons by passin7 throu7h "arious con"eyorsD trans#er pointsD

crusher housesD etc.

• BCC) costs ,s.&J67

• CCI cost ,s. J67

B. Properties o" Coal

1. Calor!(!# alue) the heat e"o "e' 4hen unit amount o# coa is burne'.

8. Gro** #alor!(!# alue) the heat e"o "e' 4hen a the pro'ucts o# combustion are

coo e' to the atmospheric temperature.

$. Net #alor!(!# alue) it is the "a ue obtaine' 4hen GCV is subtracte' by sensib e

an' atent heat o# 4ater in the pro'ucts o# combustion.

&. Gr! &a'l!t") it is the ease 4ith 4hich the coa can be 7roun' to #ine si es. It is

measure' on the har' 7ro"e sca e. Coa use' here has a Grin'ab ity in'e: o# ((.

C. Coal anal6sis

It is 'one in t4o 4aysK

1. Pro+!$ate a al"*!*) it 7i"es the beha"iour o# coa 4hen heate'.

8. Ult!$ate a al"*!*) it te s the e ementary composition o# coa . it is use#u in

'eterminin7 the air re uire' #or combustion an' in #in'in7 the 4ei7ht o#

combustion pro'ucts.

#. #i""erent +et-o s o" unloa ing t-e 4oal

1. Ma ual U loa&! g) - Pre"ious yD manpo4er 4as use' #or un oa'in7 the 4a7ons.

But it 4as "ery time consumin7 an' more 4or6ers 4ere re uire' #or the +ob to be

'one.

8. Bo+ ! 5u*! g %ago t! ler (or u loa&! g6) - This metho' is sti use' in sta7e-1

o# NTPC Unchahar. For this metho'D In'ian ,ai 4ay 7rants 1; hours #or

un oa'in7 the (2 4a7ons. In this metho'D a7ons are separate' an' tipp e' by usin7

4a7on tipp er. The Beet e Fee'er is use' to mo"e the 4a7on on 4a7on tipp er. The

38


47/54

coa #rom the 4a7ons 7ets accumu ate' in The Trac6 /opper. At this time the si e o#

the coa is appro:imate y $;;mm.

$. BOBR) - This metho' is use' in use' in sta7e -8 an' sta7e-$ o# NTPC

Unchahar. In'ian ,ai 4ay 7rants on y 8.( hours #or Un oa'in7 (2 B B, 4a7ons.

This is an a'"ance' techno o7y in 4hich 4e use the compressor system. In Bottom

pen Bottom ,e ease =B B,> techno o7y the 4a7ons are opene' #rom si'e.

Pressure is app ie' by the compressor to open the bottom 7ates o# the 4a7on so that

the coa 7ets re ease' o"er the trac6 hopper an' 4a7on 7et un oa'e' uic6 y.

E. Various e7uip+ent use in CHP

!. Mar*,all! g 7ar&) it consist o# rai 4ay trac6s pro"i'e' to recei"e the

oa'e' trainsD to un oa' them an' to put them bac6 in #ormation 4ithout

inter#erence bet4een oa'e' an' empty rac6s.

!!. Wago Tr! ler) The 4a7on Trip er is a most important 'e"ice in therma po4er

pro+ect. The a7on Trip er turns bac6 the 4a7on at 1$(-'e7ree an7 e an' the

structure o# the 4a7on tipp er is to be "ery hea"y. Upper si'e o# the 4a7on is

#i:e' 4ith the many an7 es #or supportin7 the 4a7on. hen the 4a7on is #i:e'

on the P at#orm then 4ho e p at#orm is turne' bac6 an' the coa #a 'o4n in the

4a7on tipp er hopper. The un oa'in7 time o# the ,ac6 is hours. /ere the type o#

the rac6 is Bo: C J Bo: N type.

• 3agon Tripler Hopper ) - The a7on Trip er /opper is a part o# the 4a7on

tipp er 4here the coa is store' #rom the 4a7on trip er. The si e o# the coa

here is ess than $;;mm.

• Vi/rating Fee er ) - The "ibratin7 #ee'er is use' #or #a in7 the coa on the

con"eyer throu7h a7on tipp er /oper. Be#ore a7on tipp er /oper an'

Vibratin7 Fee'er the 7ate is pro"i'in7 to contro the # o4 o# the coa .

• Beetle C-arger ) - The Beet e char7er is a tra"e in7 'e"ice that is use' to

carry the 4a7on on the 4a7on tipp er p at#orm.

• #ust 'uppuration ) - %ust 3uppuration is a use#u 'e"ice. hen the 4a7on

are tipp in7 then the 'ust is mi:e' in the air an' that area becomes "ery 'usty

&0


48/54

then %ust 3uppuration operates an' 4ater # o4s throu7h its points an' the

'ust sett es 'o4n. It is an automatic 'e"ice.

!!!. Pa&&le Fee&er) - They ha"e been insta e' on con"eyors be o4 the manua

un oa'in7 trac6 hopper. There are nos. o# pa'' e #ee'ersD $ on each con"eyer. $

Pa'' e Fee'ers o# each con"eyer mo"e to an' #ro 4ithin a imitin7 ran7e. The

rotatin7 part o# the pa'' e #ee'er is ca e' as p ou7h 4hee . P ou7h 4hee has

b a'es. By the rotation o# the p ou7h 4hee D the coa o# the trac6 hopper 7ets

accumu ate' bet4een the b a'es an' is 'ischar7e' on the con"eyor be o4 it. The

main components o# pa'' e #ee'er areK

• Ploug- ?-eel 9 It is the rotatin7 part consists o# b a'es. It is attache' 4ith

the rotor o# $-phase s ip rin7 in'uction motor.

• *e u4tion gear /oD 9 It is insta e' to contro the spee' o# p ou7h 4hee .

• En li+it s?it4- (le"t or rig-t) 9 It pro"i'es the imitin7 motion o# the

pa'' e #ee'ers.

• Anti94ollision s?it4- 9 It pro"i'es the pre"ention #rom co ision bet4een t4o

pa'' e #ee'ers.

•

Interlo4; s6ste+ 9 It is pro"i'e' #or sa#ety purpose. By thisD the con"eyor be t mo"es #irst then pa'' e #ee'er starts.

! . /!'rat! g Fee&er) - They ha"e been insta e' be o4 the trac6 hoppers o# 4a7on

tipp er. The coa is accumu ate' o"er the "ibratin7 #ee'er so by 7i"in7 "ibrations

to the "ibratin7 #ee'er 4e 'ischar7e the coa #rom trac6 hopper to the con"eyors.

Their main purpose is to pro"i'e uni#orm #ee'in7 on the con"eyors. The "ibratin7

#ee'ers consist o# a tray to 4hich "ibrator bo'y is #i:e' on the rear en'.

. Tra *(er Po! t*) - Trans#er Point is pro"i'e' 4ith # ap 7ate an' Con"eyer. In

trans#er Point the coa is trans#erre' #rom one con"eyer to other con"eyer.

!. Fla Gate) - The # ap Gate is a t4o-4ay 'e"ice. It consists o# t4o 7ates. Both

7ates cannot operate to7ether. By he p o# the # ap GateD 4e chan7e the 4ay o#

coa that #a 'o4n on the con"eyer.

&1


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!!. Co e"er*) - The Con"eyer Be t is a mo"in7 'e"ice. It tra"e s on its p at#orms.

The shape o# the con"eyer be t is to be # at but on the p at#orms it is to be in cur"e

shape. The coa #a s 'o4n the con"eyer an' 7oes to the primary Crusher /ouse

P at#orms. The capacity o# con"eyer in 3ta7e @ I is 2;;*TJ hr. in 3ta7e @II is

18;;*T J hr.

Figure 1 . For4ar' Con"eyor Figure 1


50/54

the stone #a 'o4n to a separate p ace. Coa is con"erte' #rom $;;mm to 1(;mm

si e.

Parts o" t-e Pri+ar6 Crus-er House =

•

*otar6 Brea;er ) - The ,otary Brea6er has a rotatin7 mechanism. It isrotate' on the sha#t. The coa come #rom the con"eyer throu7h the F ap Gate

#a s 'o4n into the rotary brea6er. The rotary brea6er is to be rotate' an' coa

mo"es up an' 'o4n an' co i'es an' hence brea6s. The ,otary Brea6er is

/.T. 10;H . HV *otor.

• Belt Fee er ) - The Be t Fee'er is a sma si e o# the con"eyer. It is use'

#or #ee'in7 the coa to the con"eyer throu7h F ap Gate.

+. Se#o &ar" Cru*,er 5R! g Gra ulator6) - In 3econ'ary crusher /ouse #irst the

ma7netic part separate #rom the coa an' then #ee' to the 3econ'ary Crusher. This

Crusher brea6s the coa in 8;mm si e an' coa is sent to the F ap Gate an' then

#ee'e' to the con"eyer. The 3econ'ary crusher is hammer type. /.T. motor are

use' #or brea6in7 o# the coa . 3peci#ications are 0;;H . HV*otor.

+!. Cro** Belt Mag et!# Se rator*) - They 4i remo"e the #errous partic esD 4hich

passes a on7 4ith the coa . It consists o# e ectroma7net aroun' 4hich a be t is

mo"in7. It is suspen'e' #rom topD perpen'icu ar to the con"eyor be t at certain

hei7ht. hene"er any iron partic e passes be o4 the CB*3D it is attracte' by the

ma7net an' stic6 to the cross be t be o4 it. The CB*3 capacity is o# (;67.

+!!. Metal Dete#tor) - The purpose o# insta ation is to 'etect any meta ic piece

passin7 throu7h the con"eyor. hene"er the pieces pass be o4 the search coi o#

the meta 'etectorD it 7i"es the trip comman' to the con"eyor. 3imu taneous yD

san' ba7 mar6er 4i #a on the con"eyor be t so that the meta can be searche'easi y an' remo"e'.

+!!!. Sta#2er8Re#la!$er) - It is a "ery important 'e"ice. The 4ho e 3tructure o#

it is ca e' 3uper 3tructure. It stac6s the e:cessi"e coa an' rec aims the coa on

its re uirement. It is a t4o-4ay 'e"ice. It consists o# #o o4in7 main partsK

• 'ta4;er ) - The 3tac6 is a position =1>. hen the rac6 comesD the

e:cessi"e coa is sen' to the stac6er throu7h the con"eyer #rom 3econ'ary

Crusher house. The coa s are stac6e' at the 3econ'ary Crusher Coa /eap. The

coa #a s 'o4n #rom the stac6er throu7h Boom Con"eyer.

&3


51/54

• *e4lai+er ) - The ,ec aimer is position =8>. hen the rac6 is not comin7

an' there is a shorta7e o# coa D then rec aimin7 is to be starte' an' the coa is

i#te' #rom the 3econ'ary Crush Coa /eap an' #e' to the bun6er.

•

Boo+ Con!e6er ) - The Boom con"eyer is a Bi-'irectiona con"eyer. Itmo"es c oc64ise antic oc64ise 'irection. In stac6in7 positionD it is mo"in7 in

c oc64ise 'irection an' in the rec aimin7 position its mo"in7 in antic oc64ise

'irection. They are pro"i'e' 4ith Center Chute an' !n' Chute on the both en'.

• Boo+ -oist ) - The Boom hoist is a in6 o# the 3uper 3tructure. The hoist

is mo"e' up an' 'o4n. For contro in7 the up 'o4n positionD imit s4itch is

pro"i'e'.

•

'le? ri!e ) - The 3 e4 %ri"e mo"es at 12;-'e7ree. hen the coa isstore' on both the si'e o# the trac6 o# tra"e D then the 3 e4 %ri"e mo"es an' i#ts

or #a the coa #rom Boom Con"eyer. For contro the rotation o# 3 e4 %ri"eD the

imit s4itch is pro"i'e'.

• Bu4;et ?-eel ) - The Buc6et hee is use' 4hen there is a re uirement o#

the coa . It is a rotary 'e"ice. It is a 4ays rotate' in antic oc64ise. In the

,ec aimin7 positionD the Center Chute is to be up an' !n' Chute o# the Boom

Con"eyer is #i:e' on the con"eyer. The Buc6et hee rotates 4hen the Buc6eto# the 4hee is #u 4ith coa an' the 4hee is rotate' the coa #a 'o4n on the

Boom con"eyer an' the coa is sen' to the 3uper 3tructure.

• Tra!el ) - It is a s ip rin7 in'uction motor 'ri"en system. The 3uper

3tructure mo"es on it. The norma spee' o# the Tra"e is 1; meter J minute. It

mo"es on its trac6 #rom one en' to other en'.

The stac6er rec aimer 'oes the #o o4in7 three #unctionsK

1. tra"e in7 =mo"ement in #or4ar' an' re"erse 'irection>

8. u##in7 =up an' 'o4n mo"ement>

$. s e4in7 = e#t an' ri7ht mo"ement>

The stac6er rec aimer a so has t4o cab e ree in7 'rums in 4hich the ree in7 action is

'one by e ectrica me'ium an' the unree in7 is 'one mechanica y. Great care has to be

ta6en 'urin7 this operation since any oop ho e can ea' to acci'enta resu ts. %urin7 the

stoc6in7 operation the coa #rom the crusher house is 'i"erte' to4ar's the stoc6yar'

con"eyor at a trans#er point. The abo"e con"eyor 'ischar7es coa to the boom con"eyor

&&


52/54

throu7h a 'ischar7e chute. The boom con"eyor runnin7 in the #or4ar' 'irection creates

coa stac6s.

%urin7 rec aimin7D coa #rom the stoc6yar' #a s on the boom con"eyor 4ith the he p

o# buc6et 4hee an' the boom con"eyor 'urin7 this perio' rotates in the re"erse

'irection. The coa #rom the centra chute #a s on the con"eyor be ts use' #or trans#errin7

the coa #rom the stoc6yar'.

A& a tage*)

1. It can operate at #u oa' capacity in ba' 4eather.

8. It is pro'ucti"e at a times as no return +ourney is to be per#orme'.

The on y 'ra4bac6 is that it is e:pensi"e.

+! .Tra *(er To%er) - /ere the coa is sen' to the Tipper. Trans#er To4er is pro"i'e'4ith a coa samp er.

+ . T! er) - The Tipper is a three-4ay 'e"ice to #ee' the coa in Bun6er. It is

mo"eab e 'e"ice. It is mo"e on its trac6.

+ !.Bu 2er) - /ere the coa is co ecte' #rom the tipper an' store'. The capacity o#

the bun6er #or 3ta7e-I is &2;;*T 3ta7e-II is 20;;*T.

F. 'o+e 'pe4ial Motors O" CHP

1. Se#o &ar" Cru*,er ,ou*e $otor )-

&(; 6 P.F. ;.00

3upp y . 6V 0& rpm

9. Pr!$ar" Cru*,er ,ou*e $otor)-

0;; 6 P.F. ;.02

3upp y . 6V 0&8 rpm:. Sta#2er Re#la!$er)-

(.( 6 P.F. ;.0;

3upp y . 6V 5 ( rpm

;. Wago Tr! ler $otor)-

10( 6

3upp y &1( V


53/54

3upp y . 6V 1&2( rpm

=. /!'rat! g Fee&er $otor)-

&; 6 1&0; rpm

3upp y &1( V e##iciency 5$ E

$. Po?er an #istri/ution #iagra+s

'tage9I

Figure 1>. Po4er 'istribution 'ia7ram o# C/P in sta7e I

'tage9II

&


54/54

Figure 1 . Po4er 'istribution 'ia7ram o# C/P in sta7e II

I. CONC%U'ION

n comp etion o# my "ocationa trainin7 at NTPC Fero e Gan'hi Unchahar Therma

Po4er Pro+ectD I ha"e come to 6no4 about ho4 the "ery necessity o# our i"es no4a'ays

i.e ho4 e ectricity is 7enerate'. hat a processes are nee'e' to 7enerate an' run the

p ant on a 8&:0 basis.

NTPC Unchahar is one the p ants in In'ia to be un'er hi7hest oa' #actor #or the

ma:imum 'uration o# time an' that to operatin7 at hi7hest p ant e##iciencies. This p ant

is an e:amp e in terms o# 4or6in7 e##iciency an' mana7ement o# resources to a other

therma p ants in our country. The operatin7 p # o# the NTPC as compare' to the rest o#

country is the hi7hest 4ith 20.(&E the hi7hest since its inception.

The trainin7 7a"e me an opportunity to c ear my concepts #rom practica point o#

ntpc uchahar training project

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