RISHRAJ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,INDORE

REPORT OF MAJOR TRAINING

VENUERIT,INDORE

CREATED BYANAND DWIVEDI

*BOILER*

A boiler or steam generator is a device used to create steam by applying heat energy to water.

Boiler Steam generator unit used in coal-fired -The steam generator.

To maintain inner temperature small pipe is used .

In SIPAT plant we used only high pressure Boiler.

*BOILER TYPES*1.Fire-tube boiler.2. Cylindrical fire-tube boiler.3. Flued boiler.4. Multi-tube boilers.

In sipat plant we used Fire tube boiler in tangetial Form.

To increse the temprature of water coal will be used.

*BOILER FITTING*Safety valve.

Pressure measurement

Main steam Stop Valve

Low-Water Alarm

Low Water Fuel Cut-out

Fusible Plug

*BOILER DIAGRAM*

*BASIC POINTS ABOUT BOILER*In sipat plant stage 1 and stage 2 have been Worked where small difference between them one is used boiler drum to seprate water and steam .but in stage 2 directly used supercritical heater water is converted on Steam .

In stage 1 Bolier drum is used and another stage 2 no boiler drum is required.

In stage 1 One LP,HP, and IP turbine is used and stage 2 one HP,IP and two LP1 and LP2 will be used sequantially In Super critical boiler directly water change into steam but in Drum type boiler Boiler and Water are seprate

*PLC(PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER*PLC have always follow relays controller.relays are nothing but electromagnetic switching device work on the basis of ON and OFF process.

PLC over hard-wired control systems, practical applications, troubleshooting and maintenance of PLC’s.

yielding simply an On or Off signal (1 or 0, True or False, respectively). Push buttons, Limit switches, and photoelectric sensors are examples of devices providing a discrete signal.

Discrete signals are sent using either voltage or current, where a specific range is designated as On and another as Off.

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Major Components of a Common PLC

PROCESSOR

POWERSUPPLY

I MN O P D U UT L E

O M U OT DP UU LT E

PROGRAMMING DEVICE

From SENSORS

Pushbuttons,contacts,

limit switches,etc.

ToOUTPUT

Solenoids, contactors,

alarmsetc.

POWER SUPPLY ::Provides the voltage needed to run the primary PLC components

I/O MODULES ::Provides signal conversion and isolation between the internal logic- level signals inside the PLC and the field’s high level signal.

PROCESSOR ::Provides intelligence to command and govern the activities of the entire PLC systems.

PROGRAMMING DEVICE:: used to enter the desired program that will determine the sequence of operation and control of process equipment or driven machine

OPERATION

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Normally Open Pushbutton

Normally Closed Pushbutton

Normally Open switch

Normally Closed switch

Normally Open contact

Normally closed contact

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OR OPERATION

In the rung above, it can be seen that either input A or Bis be true (1), or both are true, then the output C is true (1).

RungA

B

C

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AND OPERATION

Each rung or network on a ladder program representsa logic operation. In the rung above, both inputs A and Bmust be true (1) in order for the output C to be true (1).

RungA B C

*RESISTANCE TEMPRATURE DETECTOR(RTD)*

Resistance thermometers, also called resistance temperature detectors ('RTD's), are sensors used to measure temperature by correlating the resistance of the RTD element with temperatureThe RTD element is made from a pure material, typically platinum, nickel or copper. The material has a predictable change in resistance as the temperature changes; it is this predictable change that is used to determine temperature

Stability of the characteristic over the short and long term is vital if practical use is to made of the conductor

Due to thermal excitation, the electrical resistance of a conductor varies according to its temperature and this forms the basic principles of resistance thermometry.

Wire configuration in various type :: Two wire configuration Three wire configuration Four wire configuration

The Birth of RTD• The classical resistance temperature detector

(RTD) construction using platinum was proposed by C.H. Meyers in 1932.

• He wound a helical coil of platinum on a crossed mica web and mounted the assembly inside a glass tube.

• This construction minimized strain on the wire while maximizing resistance.

*RTD DIAGRAM*

*ADVANTAGE*

•High accuracy

•Low drift

•Wide operating range

Suitability for precision applications

Be like the coffee bean!

ANAND DWIVEDI…..

THANK YOU!