nrem 301 matter 45% nrem 301 25% gas mineral soil basics ... soil basics.pdf · soil basics water...
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NREM 301NREM 301 Gas 25%
Mineral Matter 45%NREM 301NREM 301
Soil BasicsSoil Basics Water 25%
Solid 50%
D G B l dD G B l d Organic Matter 5%
Dr. Greg BrulandDr. Greg Bruland
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We know more about the movement ofWe know more about the movement of celestial bodies than about the soil underfoot.underfoot.
Leonardo Da Vinci (1500s)
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Components of a typical healthy loam soil
Mineral Matter 45%
Gas 25%
%
Solid 50%
Water 25%
Organic Matter 5%
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USDA Textural Triangle
Classify a soil withsoil with 15% clay, 70% silt, 15% sand:
(Brady & Wiel 2002)2002)
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Soil StructureGranular
Blocky(Angular)(Subangular) ( g )( g )
Platy
Wedge
ColumnarPrismatic
Wedge
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Soil ColorSoil Color
•Color is an indicator of different soil types, useful property for classification
•Munsell soil color system classifies soil color on basis of HUE VALUE & CHROMAon basis of HUE, VALUE, & CHROMA
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Hue: spectral or rainbow color; for a given hue there are 5 gradationshue there are 5 gradations
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Value: darkness or lightness of color; values range from 0-10values range from 0 10
All li ht fl t d10 hit All light reflected10 = pure white
5 = gray
No light reflected0 = pure black
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Chroma: strength or concentration of huehue
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Soil Colors
M t i d i t lMatrix = predominant color
Mottles = spots of color that differ from matrix
• Mottling occurs where water table fluctuates periodically
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5 Soil Forming Factors: Parent Material, Climate, Organisms, Topography, Time
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20(Kohnke & Franzmeier 1995)
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Soil Biota
35The number of organisms that live in 1 m2 of soil (Nardi 2003)
(Nardi 2003)
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Actinomycetes
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Nematodes
Types of mouths L to R: (1) bacteria; (2) roots &(1) bacteria; (2) roots & fungi; (3) protozoa, rotifers, other nematodes
Predation of nematodes by fungi:
(1) with sticky hyphae;
(2) constricting loops
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(2) constricting loops
(Nardi 2003)
EarthwormsEarthworms
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(Nardi 2003)
Mites
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(Nardi 2003)
Dung Beetles
•Dung goes down, subsoil goes up
•Even before dung hits ground, beetles can pick up its scent and
h t l i th i d
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rush to claim these prized resources(Nardi 2003)
Ants
Dr. Tschinkel stands next to the cast of a harvester ant colony that he excavatedthat he excavated after pouring plaster of paris down the colonies burrow. Five thousand ants dug these tunnels & chambers in 5 days!
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(Nardi 2003)
(Brady & Wiel& Wiel 2002)
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(Brady & Wiel 2002)
What is this?
(Troeh et al. 2004) 45
What is this?
(Troeh et al. 2004) 46
(Troeh et al. 2004)
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PhytoremediationPhytoremediation
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Hyperaccumulating plantsyp g p
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