this stage number appears in both rem and nrem sleep
DESCRIPTION
This stage number appears in both REM and NREM sleep. Stage 1. Most healthful stage; 50% of adult sleep is here. Stage 2. Dreams occur in this stage. Stage 1 REM. Closest stage to consciousness. Stage 1 NREM. Least EEG activity appears here. Stage 4. Stage 2 NREM. Sleep state. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Stages Brain Waves
Disorders
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States
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This stage number appears in both REM and
NREM sleep
• Stage 1
Most healthful stage; 50% of adult sleep is here
• Stage 2
Dreams occur in this stage
• Stage 1 REM
Closest stage to consciousness
• Stage 1 NREM
Least EEG activity appears here
• Stage 4
Stage 2 NREM
• Sleep state
Stage 1 REM
• Dream State
Stage 1 NREM
• Hypnopompic State
Stage 3 NREM
• Hypnagogic state
Stage 4 NREM
• Hypnagogic state
Slowest brain waves
• Delta
Bursts of electrical energy seen in stage 2
• Sleep spindles
Seen during alert wakefulness
• Beta waves
Seen in relaxed wakefulness, early stage 1 NREM
• Alpha waves
Follow alpha waves in stage 1 and 2 NREM
• Theta waves
Leading cause of death in infants
• Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
Not able to fall or stay asleep
• Insomnia
Two hypersomnias
• Narcolepsy and apnea
Bedwetting
• Enuresis
Night terrors and sleepwalking are 2 types
of this
• Parasomnias
Measures electrical activity in the brain
• Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Measures eye movement
• Electro-oculographEOG
Measures electrical impulses through muscle
• ElectromyogramEMG
Measures heart rate
• Electrocardiograph (EKG)
Amplifies signals and produces record of
physiological changes
• Polysomnograph
Deprived
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Rhythms Theories Awakening Mixed Questions
Difference between hours of sleep needed and
gotten.
• Sleep debt
Short episodes of sleep that intrude on wakefulness
•microsleeps
REM-deprived people exhibit this when allowed to sleep
naturally
• REM Rebound
East-west travel is an example of this, which is
easier to adapt to
•Phase delay
Older adults spend little time in this state of
sleep, thus awakening often
• Hypnagogic
Internal biological changes that occur daily
• Circadian rhythms
Hormone involved in inducing sleep
• Melatonin
Neurons in hypothalamus that control sleep-wake
cycle
• Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Gland that secretes melatonin
• Pineal
Length of free running sleep-wake cycle
• 25 hours
Temperature fluctuations without sleep counter this theory
• Cool off brain
We sleep at night due to this theory
• Self-protection (out of harm’s way)
Common sense theory
• Rest/ energy conservation
REM sleep is important for this
• Neural development
Francis Crick believes sleep allows us to do
this
• Unlearn or purge stimulus overload
Sleep disorder where you awake in panic without nightmare
•Night Terror
Babies are most likely to wake up in this stage
•1 REM
Adults are most likely to wake in this stage
• Stage 2 NREM
You are most difficult to awaken in this stage and state
• Stage 3 / 4 Hypnagogic
Sleep attacks while awake
• Narcolepsy
Sleepwalking most likely to occur in this stage
• Stage 4
Tingling sensation in legs at night
• Restless Leg Syndrome
Uncontrollable leg and arm movements during
sleep
• Myoclonic jerk
Sleepwalkers show these 2 types of brain waves
• Delta and alpha
Passive state of consciousness
•Sleep
Stage 1 REM is called this because large muscles are
paralyzed but smooth muscles of organs speed up
• Paradoxical sleep