NREM 407/507 WATERSHED MANAGEMENT

Dick SchultzInstructor

Sara BergesTeaching Assistant

Please pick up Syllabus, Reading Material & Today’s Lab on the Table in the Front

January 13, 2009

1. Conduct “Get To Know Each Other Exercises”

2. Organize into Base Groups.

3. Review class syllabus.

4. Identify where water is located globally.

5. Determine how much water we use.

6. Discuss world water problems.

7. Begin discussion of hydrologic cycle

8. Please read pages 1-40 in Introduction-Weather-Climate –Reading Material Handout and Chapters 1, 2, 3 in Rivers Run Dry

Activity 1 – What did you do over Break?

Take sheet with list of numerous activities & go around the room to find individuals who did them over break

Have individuals sign the activity

One person can sign your sheet only once

Astana, Kazakhstan – Shamsha Mashtaeva

Eurasian National University

40 N

20 N Three Gorges Dam

Why Kazakhstan? Study Abroad TripsSummer 2009 – China/Yangtze

2009 Study Abroad – Uganda –School Gardens – Food Security

Activity 1 – What did you do over Break?

Take sheet with list of numerous activities & go around the room to find individuals who did them over break

Have individuals sign the activity

One person can sign your sheet only once

Organize into Groups - Seating Plan

Front of Room 233

Group 6

Group 8Group 4

Group 5Group 1

Group 2

Group 3

Door

Door

Group 7

Group 9

Group 10

Group 11

Group 12

Activity 2 – Team Tower Building

You have 6 large marsh mellows, a cup of small ones and 20 toothpicks to build a tower.

This is a nonverbal activity (no talking among team members or between teams will be allowed)

Team members can move around the room to look at other team’s creations but the whole exercise will only last 12 minutes.

The team that builds the best tower will win the exercise. The whole class will vote on the “best” tower based on the following criteria: height, strength, beauty and creativity

2008 FIRST PLACE WINNERS

WOW!

Activity 2 – Team Tower Building

Activity 3 – Three Facts and a Lie – Team Building

• We would like each of you to share 4 things about yourselfwith you team members (things that they probably do notknow)

• 3 should be truthful and 1 should be a lie

• Please write these on a piece of paper

• Then have a group go-around with each person sharing theirfour items and the others guessing which item is a lie

• Keep track of who correctly identifies the lies

Water Movement - The Hydrologic Cycle

How Much Precipitation Ends Up As Evaporation/Transpiration & Streamflow?

Streamflow = Precipitation –Evaporation/Transpiration + Soil Water Storage

34 – 23 + 0 = 11 inches

How much Precipitation in Iowa?~ 34 in

How much Evaporation/Transpriation?

2/3 P = 23 inches How much Streamflow?

Precipitation In Iowa – 34 inches per year (38 inches in SE to 26 inches in NW) - Ave snowfall = 32 inches per year (40 in NE to 20 in in SE)

8 pm Last Night

Cold Arctic

Air Mass

WarmAir

Mass

Watershed – the land area that contributes water to a given point in a stream or river.

Watersheds vary in size depending on the size of stream.

Stream orders

The Small Order Streams Are In Closest Contact With The Land – Most Influenced By Land Uses

1 1

22

3

How does water move through the landscape?

Most watersheds are part of larger watersheds

College Creek

Squaw Creek

Skunk River

Mississippi River

Where is all the wateron the planet?

Global Cycle

97% in Oceans3% Fresh Water

Of the Fresh Water (100%)

Atmosphere GlaciersRiversSoil MoistureGroundwaterLakesBiosphere (plants &animals)

Team Activity

Organize the list of freshwater sources from largestto smallest & make an estimate of the % of fresh water in each.

Largest

Smallest

Page 18 & 19 Introduction

Where is all the fresh water on the planet?

Global Cycle

97% in Oceans3% Fresh Water

30% Groundwater

0.3% Lakes 0.003% Biosphere (plants &animals)

0.06% Soil Moisture

0.04% Atmosphere

0.006% Rivers

69% Glaciers

Of the Fresh Water (100%)

NREM 407/507 WATERSHED MANAGEMENT

Dick SchultzInstructor

Sara BergesTeaching Assistant

1-13-2009 - Laboratory

Review SyllabusBrief review of class discussionHydrologic Cycle – Terms, pathways & sinks

Water Movement - The Hydrologic Cycle

How Much Precipitation Ends Up As Evaporation/Transpiration & Streamflow?

Streamflow = Precipitation –Evaporation/Transpiration + Soil Water Storage

34 – 23 + 0 = 11 inches

How much Precipitation in Iowa?~ 34 in

How much Evaporation/Transpriation?

2/3 P = 23 inches How much Streamflow?

Precipitation In Iowa – 34 inches per year (38 inches in SE to 26 inches in NW) - Ave snowfall = 32 inches per year (40 in NE to 20 in in SE)

8 pm Last Night

Cold Arctic

Air Mass

WarmAir

Mass

Watershed – the land area that contributes water to a given point in a stream or river.

Watersheds vary in size depending on the size of stream.

Stream orders

The Small Order Streams Are In Closest Contact With The Land – Most Influenced By Land Uses

1 1

22

3

How does water move through the landscape?

Most watersheds are part of larger watersheds

College Creek

Squaw Creek

Skunk River

Mississippi River

Where is all the fresh water on the planet?

Global Cycle

97% in Oceans3% Fresh Water

30% Groundwater

0.3% Lakes 0.003% Biosphere (plants &animals)

0.06% Soil Moisture

0.04% Atmosphere

0.006% Rivers

69% Glaciers

Of the Fresh Water (100%)

Page 17 Introduction Handout

North Platte River Wyoming

Today’s Laboratory ExerciseHow Does Water Move Through a Watershed?

• What pathways does it follow?

• What are the major storage sinks for water?

• Be able to use hydrologic & watershedterms to describe pathways & sinks for water

• Give reasonable definitions for 50% ofterms by the end of today & all terms bythe end of two weeks.

• Work comfortably & supportively with yourteam

What paths can a raindroptake before reaching a stream?

Pathways Above the SoilThrough Watersheds

• Precipitation• Canopy Interception• Throughfall• Stemflow• Litter Interception• Water Entering Soil• Channel Interception

Plant material protects the soil! (Living or Dead)

Forest transpires – 200,000 – 1 milliongallons/acre/year

Water lost from forests in US = 3 Xthe amount of water used by people

This water critical to producing rainfall to redistribute water around the globe

Corn transpires 4,000 gal/acre/day

140 day growing season ~ 500,000gal/ac/year

Forests of US receive ½ of precip & produce 2/3 of streamflow (90% in west)

Water erosion & transport can occur

If soil is exposed – no perennial plants (forest/prairie) or litter layer

Streams carry excess sediment – reduced water quality & disturbed aquatic habitat

Infiltration vs Runoff

Infiltration rates – crop fields: 0.5 – 1.5 inches/hr

Natural prairies & forests: 3 – 5 inches/hr

Movement of Water to Streams

Healthy Watershed Hydrologic Cycle

Sinks/SourcesPathways

Atmospheric Sink (Storage)

Input (Rain, Snow, Condensation)

Liquid Watershed Output

Surface/Depression Storage

Soil Water Storage

Detention/Retention

Groundwater Storage

Stream C

hannel Storage B

ank Storage

Plant Canopy Storage

Plant Storage

Surface Interception

Water Table

Sheet, rillGully flow

Return flow Infiltration

Subsurface Flow

Subsurface Storm flow

PercolationCapillary Fringe

Seepage

ET

GainingStream

WT

LosingStream

SuspendedLoad

BedLoad

Page 36 Reading

Group 7•water table•capillary fringe•shallow groundwater storage (identify sink)•unconfined aquifer•confined aquifer

Group 8•ephemeral channel •intermittent channel •perennial channel

Group 9•bank storage (identify sink)•influent (losing) stream (be able to draw)•effluent (gaining) stream (be able to draw)

Group 10•dissolved load •suspended load •bed load •stormflow •baseflow

Group 11•vadose zone•interflow•hyphoreic zone•NPSP•TSS•Invertebrates

Group 12•watershed•sub-watershed•ecosystem•riparian area

Group I•precipitation•interception•interception storage (identify sink)•depression storage•surface storage (identify sink)•channel interception•channel storage(identify sink)

Group 2•stemflow•throughfall•infiltration•Percolation

Group 3•surface runoff /overland flow•sheet flow•rill flow•gully flow•suspended sediment•Sedimentation

Group 4•plant uptake•plant storage (identify sink)•transpiration•evaporation•Evapotranspiration

Page 6 of LabTeam VocabularyResponsibilities

Be prepared to describe & discuss assigned terms

Terms described starting page 3 of Reading Guide

Group 5•subsurface flow/interflow•soil macro/micropores•detention storage (identify sink)•retention storage (identify sink)

Group 6•soil water storage (identify sink)•antecedent soil moisture •return flow /exfiltration•saturated overland flow•subsurface stormflow

Healthy Watershed Hydrologic Cycle

Sinks/SourcesPathways

Liquid Watershed Output

LabAction 1Fill in the blanks& learn what is going on

Sinks/SourcesPathways

Atmospheric Sink (Storage)

Input (Rain, Snow, Condensation)

Liquid Watershed Output

Surface/Depression Storage

Soil Water Storage

Detention/Retention

Groundwater Storage

Stream C

hannel Storage B

ank Storage

Plant Canopy Storage

Plant Storage

Surface Interception

Water Table

Sheet, rillGully flow

Return flow Infiltration

Subsurface Flow

Subsurface Storm flow

PercolationCapillary Fringe

Seepage

ET

WT

LosingStream

SuspendedLoad

BedLoad

Page 36 Introduction Handout

Compare Water Movement Between Disturbed & Undisturbed Watersheds

Water Movement In Disturbed & Undisturbed Watersheds

PrecipitationPrecipitation

Interception

Interception

Stemflow

StemflowThroughfall Throughfall

Infiltration

Infiltration

Surface Runoff Surface Runoff

PercolationPercolation

Plant Uptake Plant UptakeSubsurface flowWater Table Water Table

Groundwater GroundwaterUnconfined

AquiferConfined Aquifer

EvapotranspirationEvapotranspiration

Native Forest or Prairie Crop Field

Water Movement In Disturbed & Undisturbed Watersheds

PrecipitationPrecipitation

Interception

Interception

Stemflow

StemflowThroughfall Throughfall

Infiltration

Infiltration

Surface Runoff Surface Runoff

PercolationPercolation

Plant Uptake Plant UptakeSubsurface flowWater Table Water Table

Groundwater GroundwaterUnconfined

AquiferConfined Aquifer

EvapotranspirationEvapotranspiration

Native Forest or Prairie Crop Field