Nanotechnology In Aerospace Applications

In the memory of a great Indian Scientist and the Missile Man of India Late. Dr.A.P.J ABDUL KALAM

RAJESH SATPATE Roll.No:15031D6608 Nano-technology

M.Tech I- sem

By

The Focus

• NASA• Commercial• Military

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What Does The Industry Want?• Materials that are:

– Lighter– Stronger– More Durable– Resistant to

Extreme Conditions• Also interested in

materials that have unique properties http://www.washingtonstatewire.com/admin/contentmanager/photos/

1914090722%20Boeing%20787.jpg

The Technologies

• Improved Electronics

• Advanced Composites

• Improved Paints and Sealants

• Carbon Nanotubes

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Our Role

• Advanced material research

• Electronics• Production

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Aerospace Nanotechnology: NASA

• High level of funding

• Four Areas of Focus– Materials– Electronics and

Data Processing– Sensors and

Components– Basic Research

http://www.azonano.com/details.asp?ArticleID=1174

NASA: Computer TechnologyCarbon Nanotube SPM Tips

• Moore’s Law• Manipulate molecules

with sub-angstrom accuracy

• Engrave patterns on silicon surface

• Application to electronics

http://nanotechnologytoday.blogspot.com/

2007_09_01_archive.html

NASA: Aerospace Transportation

Launch Vehicles• Diamondoid

material• Price of

diamondoid vehicles compared to that of titanium vehicles

• Carbon nanotubes have a Young’s modulus comparable to diamond

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NASA: Aerospace Transportation

Space Elevator• Cable from Earth to

space• Strength of cable

must be tapered• Taper factor of steel

and diamond• Material must be

stronger than current technology provides

• Safety is still an issue

http://www.cmp.caltech.edu/refael/league/Space_elevator2.jpg

NASA: Active Materials

• The smallest feature size in production systems: 250 nm

• Nanotubes are smaller• Human tissue as an

active material

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NASA NANOTECHNOLOGY VIDEO

http://www.azonano.com/nanotechnology-video-details.asp?VidID=143

Industrial/Commercial applications

• Advanced Composites Materials

• Aerospace Paint• Deicing Materials

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Advanced Composites Materials

http://authors.library.caltech.edu/5456/1/hrst.mit.edu/hrs/materials/public/composites/Composites_rotor.gif

Schematic section of a helicopter rotor blade Composites materials are combinations of two or more organic or inorganic components

Consist of high strength nano fibers embedded in a matrix

Materials are:o Matrix material: material that

holds everything together.e g . epoxy, bismaleimide, or polyimide.

o Fibers: serve as a reinforcement, embedded in the matrix.

e g. glass fiber, boron fiber, carbon fiber

Advanced Composites Materials

• Nano Fibers are laid out in tape or fabric form

• put in a mold under heat and pressure.

• The resin matrix flows over nano fibers

• Heat is remover and it solidifies.

• It can be formed into various shapes. In some cases,

• the fibers are wound tightly to increase strength.

http://people.sabanciuniv.edu/~yusufm/research/composite.jpg

Advanced Composites Materials• Traditionally used: Aluminum

metal• Aluminum made planes

heavier, consume more fuel• Fiberglass was first used in

the Boeing 707 passenger jet in the 1950s, only 2% of the structure.

• Now , about one-third of the structure of the commercial planes uses composites

• Composites are stronger• Composites makes aircrafts

lighter :~ 20% lighter• Fuel efficient

http://oea.larc.nasa.gov/PAIS/Concept2Reality/graphics/fig060.jpg

Aerospace Paint and Sealant• Sealants to seal the structures like

fuel tanks, aerodynamic sealing, and windshield installation

• Based on nanotechnology– e. g. PRC® and Pro-Seal™

• PPG Aerospace chromate-free de-paint/repaint process includes a epoxy primer

• Based on nanotechnology – Environment friendly– Better adhesion– Corrosion resistant– e. g. DeSoto® Aerospace Coatings

http://www.aerospace-technology.com/contractors/paints/ppg-aerospace/ppg-aerospace3.html

deicing

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8504734.stm

http://www.nano.org.uk/news/370/

•When a plane is in the air, icing can occur•plane’s performance suffers and disasters can occur. •Currently used techniques:

• use bleed air: heating the surface with engine bleed air

• mechanical boot: breaking the bond between surface and ice

• Issues: • Too complex, • too heavy • draws too much power to be

effective

deicing• Solution by scientists at Battelle, U. K. : deicing fluid

– is based on nano technology– weighs 1/100th of current ice protection systems– uses simple painting methods – can be applied to a variety of curved surfaces without needing

a custom heater pad design.• How?

– sprayed on planes prior to flight. – carbon nanotube coating is applied to surfaces then energize

that coating using the plane’s on-board electrical system. – causes the nanotube coating to heat up, thus preventing ice

from forming.

Military Applications

• Satellites weighing 15 tons or more derive 1/3 of their weight from copper harnesses

• Boeing 747 uses up to 135 of copper wire that can weight more than 4000 pounds

• Copper wires also oxidize and corrode, are susceptible to vibration fatigue, and create premature electronics failures due to overheating conditions.

• Will replace copper wiring on aerospace systems with carbon nanotube sheets

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Military Applications• Conductive coating to

be used on jet fighter canopies - clear bubbles that cover planes' cockpits - for the US air force

• Coating will improve electromagnetic shielding and electrostatic discharge to prevent electronic disruption

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/F-16_June_2008.jpg/800px-F-16_June_2008.jpg

REFERENCES

http://www.azonano.com/details.asp?ArticleID=1174#_The_Main_Nanotechnology_Sectors%20tha

http://alglobus.net/NASAwork/papers/nano1997/applications/