Mr. Violanti / Mrs. Verni

Iroquois High School

Mr. Violanti / Mrs. Verni

Iroquois High School

Key TermsChristopher Columbus: Italian Explorer who sails

for Spain. “Discovers” America in 1492.Columbian Exchange: Transfer of goods from the

New World to Europe, and Europe to the New World.

Conquistador: “Conquerer”. Cortez, Pizzarro. Claimed land for Spain.

Encomienda System: Spanish Colonies exist to benefit Spain. Must trade only with Spain, social classes benefit Spain.

Imperialism: Control of the P.E.R.S.I.A. of another group of people.

Mercantilism: Power is obtained through colonies and the raw materials they supply.

Key TermsMiddle Passage: nickname given to the journey

of slaves from Africa to the New World.Spanish Armada: Naval attack defeated by

England in 1588. Ended Spanish dominance in the New World.

“The Encounter”: Nickname given to Columbus discovering America.

Vasco Da Gama: Sailed for Portugal. First explorer to sail around Africa to India.

Fall of Constantinople: 1453• Ottoman Turks (Muslims) conquer

Constantinople, ending the Byzantine Empire.

• Effects:– Rise of Islamic Empire– Greek/Byzantine Scholars brought

ideas to Western Europe.– Land trade routes between Europe

and Asia shut down.

Why Did Europe Explore?

1. Muslims controlled land routes to Asia. European people DEMAND goods from Asia.

2. Spread Christianity

3. Finding a route would bring fame and fortune.

G, G, GGod. Glory. Gold.

Prince Henry, the Prince Henry, the NavigatorNavigator

Prince Henry, the Prince Henry, the NavigatorNavigator

School for Navigation, 1419

Known WorldIn 1491

New Maritime New Maritime TechnologiesTechnologiesNew Maritime New Maritime TechnologiesTechnologies

Hartman Astrolabe

(1532)

Better Maps [Portulan]

Mariner’s Compass

New Weapons New Weapons TechnologyTechnology

New Weapons New Weapons TechnologyTechnology

Superior Spanish Weapons

pen

Vasco Da Gama opens the door to trade with Asia by sea routes, sails around Africa.

Christopher Columbus [1451-Christopher Columbus [1451-1506]1506]

Christopher Columbus [1451-Christopher Columbus [1451-1506]1506]

Voyage

East

Columbus’ Four Columbus’ Four VoyagesVoyages

Columbus’ Four Columbus’ Four VoyagesVoyages

Finding Land

Other Voyages of ExplorationOther Voyages of ExplorationOther Voyages of ExplorationOther Voyages of Exploration

1494 :The Pope’s Line of 1494 :The Pope’s Line of DemarcationDemarcation

1494 :The Pope’s Line of 1494 :The Pope’s Line of DemarcationDemarcation

Ferdinand Magellan is the first man to circumnavigate the globe--1519* Proves the world is round

Atlantic ExplorationsAtlantic ExplorationsAtlantic ExplorationsAtlantic Explorations

Looking for “El Dorado”Looking for “El Dorado”

Conquistadors

•Cortez conquers AZTECS (Mexico)•Pizzaro conquers INCAS (South America)

•End of Latin American Ancient Empires

•Easily defeated due to guns, disease.

Fernando CortezFernando CortezFernando CortezFernando Cortez

The First Spanish Conquests:The First Spanish Conquests:The AztecsThe Aztecs

The First Spanish Conquests:The First Spanish Conquests:The AztecsThe Aztecs

Montezuma IIMontezuma IIMontezuma IIMontezuma II

vsvs..

vsvs..

The CONQUISTADORS

The Death of The Death of Montezuma IIMontezuma IIThe Death of The Death of Montezuma IIMontezuma II

Aztecs Surrender to Aztecs Surrender to CortezCortez

Aztecs Surrender to Aztecs Surrender to CortezCortez

Francisco Francisco PizarroPizarro

The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:

The The IncasIncas

The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:

The The IncasIncas

AtahualpaAtahualpa

vsvs..

MERCANTILISM• Economic policy by which a nation sought Economic policy by which a nation sought

to export more than it imported in order to to export more than it imported in order to build its national wealth through gold. build its national wealth through gold.

• OBTAIN RAW MATERIALS FROM OBTAIN RAW MATERIALS FROM COLONIESCOLONIES

• COLONIES = GOLD = POWERCOLONIES = GOLD = POWER

• ColoniesColonies exist for the benefit of the exist for the benefit of the MOTHER COUNTRYMOTHER COUNTRY. (Spain. (Spain Latin America) Latin America)

• COLUMBIAN EXCHANGECOLUMBIAN EXCHANGE

Treasures from the Treasures from the Americas.Americas.

Treasures from the Treasures from the Americas.Americas.

The The EncomiendaEncomienda Class Class SystemSystem

The The EncomiendaEncomienda Class Class SystemSystem

PeninsularPeninsulareses CreolesCreoles

MestizoMestizoss

MulattMulattosos

Native IndiansNative Indians African African SlavesSlaves

European Empires in the European Empires in the AmericasAmericas

European Empires in the European Empires in the AmericasAmericas

Slaves Working in a Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar MillBrazilian Sugar MillSlaves Working in a Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar MillBrazilian Sugar Mill

New Colonial RivalsNew Colonial RivalsNew Colonial RivalsNew Colonial Rivals

Effects of European Effects of European ExpansionExpansion

Effects of European Effects of European ExpansionExpansion1. Natives destroyed by disease.

2. New products introduced across the continents “Columbian Exchange”.

3. Great wealth to leaders of Spain, England, France.

4. Slave Trade. “Middle Passage”

5. Deepened colonial rivalries.

-Spain vs. England (Spanish Armada)

-France vs. England (French / Indian War

European Exploration of the New World

CAUSES-Crusades-Printing Press, Maps-New Technology-Desire for Wealth-Mercantilism

EFFECTS (Results)-Mercantilism & Columbian Exchange-Native American Civilizations destroyed-European Colonies settle in New World-Slavery (Middle Passage)-Spread of Christianity-European Rivalries