Imperialism

The United States as a WORLD PoWER

Mr. Violanti Iroquois High School Spring, 2014

1. Imperialism: The domination of one country’s PERSIA (culture) by another.

2. Open Door Policy: China must be opened to trade with the U.S. (1899)

3. Boxer Rebellion: Nationalist response to foreign involvement in China. (1900)

4. Matthew Perry: Forces open doors of trade with Japan 1854.

5. Queen Liliuokalani: Final Queen of Hawaii, defeated by revolution in 1893.

6. Spanish-American War: 1898, Fought over Cuba, Phillipines, Puerto Rico. 2446 Americans die.

7. Yellow Journalism: exaggeration and sensationalism in media intended for emotional response.

8. USS Maine: 266 Americans killed in sinking in Havana. Final spark of war with Spain.

Key Terms

9. Platt Amendment: Limited Cuban independence, gave rights to US in Cuba.

10. Monroe Doctrine: warned foreign powers to stay out of Western Hemisphere in 1823.

11. Roosevelt Corrollary: nations in the Western Hemisphere which behave wrongly require the US to step in as “International Police Power”

12. “Big Stick” Policy: Intervention in Latin American Affairs. “Speak Softly, carry a big stick.”

13. Dollar Diplomacy: Taft’s policy of maintaining orderly society in L.A. by American investment.

14. Panama Canal: Roosevelt encourages revolt in Panama, giving US a 99 year lease on canal land in Panama. Links Pacific and Atlantic.

Key Terms

Expanding power by foreign acquisitions. How does it strengthen them?EconomicallyPoliticallyMilitarily

Imperialism

*The United States was experiencing a periodic high birth rate and increases in population due to immigration. The U.S. population grew from more than five million in 1800 to more than 23 million by mid-century. Thus, there was a need to expand into new territories to accommodate this rapid growth. It's estimated that nearly 4,000,000 Americans moved to western territories between 1820 and 1850.

*The United States suffered two economic depressions: one in 1818 and a second in 1839.

Maritime merchants saw an opportunity to expand and promote new commerce by building West Coast ports leading to increased trade with countries in the Pacific.

Reasons For Expansion 1. New Technology

-Increase in transportation and communication around the world

RailroadsShipsTelegraphTelephone

2. Manifest Destiny-Author Frederick Turner:

“Americans needed New Frontiers beyond their

Borders”

3. New Markets and Raw Materials-markets overseas would provide economic stability

4. Social Darwinism-U.S. had a “superior” way of life and we had to share our benefits with others

5. Growth of Naval Power-Bases for

Refueling and supplies

American Imperialism

1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 19201910

1867-Alaska Purchased

1880’s- U.S. Trade abroad increases

1889-Samoa agreement signed

1898- Spanish-Am. War; Hawaii annexed

1900- “Big Stick” Diplomacy

1904-Roosevelt Corollary

1914-Panama Canal Opens

1910- “Dollar Diplomacy

PacificAlaskaHawaii

Asia ChinaJapan

CubaPhilippinesLatin America

Major Areas for Expansionism

Sec. of State William H. Seward buys Alaska from RussiaIt would show our presence on both sides of

Canada and the hope was that the British would leave.

$7,200,000 and expanded the U.S 600,000 miles

ALASKA: 1867

January, 1893 Queen Liliuokalani “abdicates” throne to US Marines.

Revolt started by Sugar Plantation owner Sanford Dole.

Annexed by McKinley, 1898

Annexation of Hawaii

Sphere of Influence: Late 1800’s,China divided into regions for separate nations to trade w/ full economic rightsJapanGermanyRussiaBritainFrance1899: Sect. Of State John Hay asked for an

“Open Door Policy” of trade with China. China loses economic autonomy.

China

1900: “Fists of Righteous Harmony”: a group of men that wish to rid China of Western Imperialism.

Failed due to U.S. Military

Boxer Rebellion

1854: Commodore Matthew PerryWent to Japan by to open trade ports. Met Shogun and an agreement was reached upon

threat of force.

Japan

Analyze the Cartoon?

Analyze the cartoon

Economic: Spain put a tax on Cuba, and we placed a tariff on Cuban sugar. Revolts cause destruction of these plantations & lead to U.S. involvement

Humanitarian: Americans felt bad about Cubans being imprisoned by the Spanish (30% death)

Expansionist: Henry Cabot Lodge and John Hay saw a way to seize territory from Spain, American “Expansion”

Why Cuba?

CUBA

What role does theMonroe Doctrine Play?

Immediate Cause of Spanish- American WarYellow Journalism:

Lead by William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer

Sinking of the Maine:U.S. Battleship is

sunk in Havana Harbor killing 266 American Sailors

Pres. McKinley and Congress declared war on April 1898

Teller Amendment *** promised we wouldn’t Annex Cuba

War lasted 4 months

2,446 US Casualties

Treaty of Paris: Cuba independent & U.S. gets Philippines, Guam & Puerto Rico

Fighting in Cuba

1. Cuba Granted Independence2. Cuba not allowed to have foreign powers on

island.3. US allowed to have Military bases on island4. US can intervene militarily to restore order

to Cuba

Platt Amendment (1901) ****

The Treaty of Paris gave the U.S. control for $20 million in 1898.

Philippines

The Pacific/Caribbean is now Ours.

McKinley to Roosevelt

Leon Czolgosz

“I didn't believe one man should have so much service, and another man have none."

Pres. McKinley is assassinated at the Pan-American Exhibition in Buffalo, NY Sept. 6, 1901.

Roosevelt: Builds a Canal

A man, A plan, A Canal. Panama.

Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: ***The United States is a “civilized nation” and that we have to stop “chronic wrongdoings” in the Western Hemisphere.

Latin America

Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick

TR agreed to Japanese annexation of Korea; in return the Japanese promised to keep their hands off China, Hawaii, and the Philippines. Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize -- the first American to win the award -- and the U.S. strengthened its position in Asia and the Pacific.

BIG STICK POLICY

William Howard TaftUsed Diplomacy to

advance and protect American businesses in other countries.

Used to protect the Panama Canal, Haiti, Nicaragua, and China

“Dollar Diplomacy***”

To demonstrate American naval strength, and the U.S.'s ability to protect both the Panama Canal and the Philippine possession, Roosevelt sent the American "new navy" fleet on a voyage around the world, including a stop in Tokyo.

Great White Fleet

America Becomes a World Power