Monday 1/10/11

• Today– Review Russia– Egypt and Ottomans– (powerpoint will be on wikispaces by Friday)

• HW – Note guide on India (on Raidernet)• Tomorrow – Discussion on Sati

Persistence and Change in Afro-Eurasia

How did Europe’s Enlightenment ideas, military might, technological achievements, and economic philosophy/strength

affect Russia, India, and China?

The old face of Russia• Ivan the Terrible• oprichniki

• Romanov Dynasty• Conflict b/t

westernization and absolutism

• Peter the Great• Catherine the Great

Film Clip• What were the causes and effects of the Decembrist

Rebellion of 1825?• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Izw29EJvv-g&feature=

related

Russian Terms

• Tsar Alexander– Victory over the French– Effect of the French Revolution on Russia

• Tsar Nicholas– Decembrist Revolt

• Westernization YET “Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Folk Nationality”

The Crumbling Ottoman Empire

1800’s• Ottoman

regions gradually gained semi-autonomy, moving toward independence

Reforming Egypt and the Ottoman Empire

1. What effects did Europe have on the this region?• Modernization• Capitalist Free Trade• Christianity2. Objective: Understand how there were competing

forces pushing both Egypt and the Ottoman empire in different directions in the 1800’s

• Red – conservative forces• Blue – Liberal forces

3. According to the account by Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti on page 669, what were the cultural differences between the French and Egyptian Muslims?

• Napoleon printed and displayed a proclamation in Arabic

• Called Mamluks corrupt and oppressive• Al-Jabarti called the French Godless, materialists,

following false ideals

4. How did Muhammad Ali (ruled 1805-1848) and Egypt respond to Napoleon’s invasion?

• Modernization campaign (looked to French model)

• Became semi-independent of Ottoman rule• Allied with more secular merchant and

intellectual elites• Strengthened army, under advice of Suleiman

Pasha (converted French officer) – rode into Greece, Sudan, Syria, Anatolia (with

varied success)• School of engineering• Modern medical school (French doctor)• Nationalized Land

– Increased cotton production– Irrigation and dam projects (European influence)

5. How did Ali’s modernization campaign affect the Egyptian peasantry?

• The same ways it affected people who joined the capitalist economic revolution world-wide

• Longer hours in fields (due to irrigation projects) and factories (though these died)

• Unpaid labor in public works projects• Disease (bilharzia)• Profits went to government controlled pockets• Military conscription

6. What were the conservative and liberal voices amongst the Ottomans?

• Sultan Selim III– Founded New Order infantry, nizam-i-jedid (trained by W. European officers)

• Janissaries and the Ulama (clerics) squashed the New Order infantry and modernization efforts and murdered Selim III

• Sultan Mahmud II (1808-39) shrewdly isolated the Janissaries and won over the clerics. Carried out Tanzimat or “Reorganization period”: Reform and autocracy– Established European-style army– Executed enemy Janissaries– Medical college, military school, European learning, “Young Ottomans”– Factories started replacing guilds– Equality of all subjects, regardless of religion

• Yet a Bureaucracy, conservative clerics, aristocracy, whimsical sultans, and merchant-government ties stunted reforms and modernization

From wikipedia• Mahmud II started the

modernization of Turkey with the Edict of Tanzimat in 1839, instituting European-style clothing, uniforms, weapons, agricultural and industrial innovations, architecture, education, legislation, institutional organization and land reform.

Colonial Reordering in India

• Sati discussion