Download - Monday 1/10/11
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Monday 1/10/11
• Today– Review Russia– Egypt and Ottomans– (powerpoint will be on wikispaces by Friday)
• HW – Note guide on India (on Raidernet)• Tomorrow – Discussion on Sati
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Persistence and Change in Afro-Eurasia
How did Europe’s Enlightenment ideas, military might, technological achievements, and economic philosophy/strength
affect Russia, India, and China?
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The old face of Russia• Ivan the Terrible• oprichniki
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• Romanov Dynasty• Conflict b/t
westernization and absolutism
• Peter the Great• Catherine the Great
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Film Clip• What were the causes and effects of the Decembrist
Rebellion of 1825?• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Izw29EJvv-g&feature=
related
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Russian Terms
• Tsar Alexander– Victory over the French– Effect of the French Revolution on Russia
• Tsar Nicholas– Decembrist Revolt
• Westernization YET “Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Folk Nationality”
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The Crumbling Ottoman Empire
1800’s• Ottoman
regions gradually gained semi-autonomy, moving toward independence
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Reforming Egypt and the Ottoman Empire
1. What effects did Europe have on the this region?• Modernization• Capitalist Free Trade• Christianity2. Objective: Understand how there were competing
forces pushing both Egypt and the Ottoman empire in different directions in the 1800’s
• Red – conservative forces• Blue – Liberal forces
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3. According to the account by Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti on page 669, what were the cultural differences between the French and Egyptian Muslims?
• Napoleon printed and displayed a proclamation in Arabic
• Called Mamluks corrupt and oppressive• Al-Jabarti called the French Godless, materialists,
following false ideals
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4. How did Muhammad Ali (ruled 1805-1848) and Egypt respond to Napoleon’s invasion?
• Modernization campaign (looked to French model)
• Became semi-independent of Ottoman rule• Allied with more secular merchant and
intellectual elites• Strengthened army, under advice of Suleiman
Pasha (converted French officer) – rode into Greece, Sudan, Syria, Anatolia (with
varied success)• School of engineering• Modern medical school (French doctor)• Nationalized Land
– Increased cotton production– Irrigation and dam projects (European influence)
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5. How did Ali’s modernization campaign affect the Egyptian peasantry?
• The same ways it affected people who joined the capitalist economic revolution world-wide
• Longer hours in fields (due to irrigation projects) and factories (though these died)
• Unpaid labor in public works projects• Disease (bilharzia)• Profits went to government controlled pockets• Military conscription
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6. What were the conservative and liberal voices amongst the Ottomans?
• Sultan Selim III– Founded New Order infantry, nizam-i-jedid (trained by W. European officers)
• Janissaries and the Ulama (clerics) squashed the New Order infantry and modernization efforts and murdered Selim III
• Sultan Mahmud II (1808-39) shrewdly isolated the Janissaries and won over the clerics. Carried out Tanzimat or “Reorganization period”: Reform and autocracy– Established European-style army– Executed enemy Janissaries– Medical college, military school, European learning, “Young Ottomans”– Factories started replacing guilds– Equality of all subjects, regardless of religion
• Yet a Bureaucracy, conservative clerics, aristocracy, whimsical sultans, and merchant-government ties stunted reforms and modernization
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From wikipedia• Mahmud II started the
modernization of Turkey with the Edict of Tanzimat in 1839, instituting European-style clothing, uniforms, weapons, agricultural and industrial innovations, architecture, education, legislation, institutional organization and land reform.
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Colonial Reordering in India
• Sati discussion