modifying canopy architecture and and yield for different ... · gustavo a. slafer task 3.1:...
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Ideotype design and genetic
variation for traits determining
biomass and yield in elite material
Roxana Savin & Gustavo A. Slafer
Modifying canopy architecture and photosynthesis to maximize barley biomass and yield for different end-uses
Kick-off Meeting12-13 May 2016 Fiorenzuola d’ArdaTask 3.1: Ideotype design (P3 + P2, P4)
Easy way
Gustavo A. Slafer
Hard way
Make a “wish list” of traits that we reckon shall be beneficial for increasing biomass
Find evidences in the literature to support (at least circumstantially) each of them
Develop a concept and test the strength
We can do this quickly (even today)
We may do this within 1-2 months
Although perhaps reasonably sound, highly speculative (and we may learn nothing)
It will be a significant effortHopefully proven to be sound (and we will learn new things)
I will focus on suggesting this approach, but happy to go the other way – should you prefer it
Gustavo A. Slafer
Task 3.1: Ideotype design (P3 + P2, P4) Duration: Month 1 (April 2016) – Month 15 (June 2017)
• Bottom-up: choose sound basic traits, search for evidences that these traits would
upscale to the crop level of organization and impact on biomass and yield
Proposal of progress towards designing the ideotype(s)
combination of barley traits conducive to improved biomass (and yield)
How to get there?
Gustavo A. Slafer
Task 3.1: Ideotype design (P3 + P2, P4) Duration: Month 1 (April 2016) – Month 15 (June 2017)
Proposal of progress towards designing the ideotype(s)
• Bottom-up: choose sound basic traits,
search for evidences that these traits would
upscale to the crop level of organization
and impact on biomass and yield
combination of barley traits conducive to improved biomass (and yield)
Crop
physiology
Pro
du
cti
vit
y
Gra
in q
ua
lity
?
Linear reasoning is not
directly acceptable.
We must be certain of
the level of dependence
of the trait on the scale
• Bottom-up: choose sound basic traits, search for evidences that these traits would
upscale to the crop level of organization and impact on biomass and yield
How to get there?
A proof of concept of the difficulties of upscaling is the frequent lack of relationship between yield of a plant and yield of a crop of the same genotype!!
X
Gustavo A. Slafer
Task 3.1: Ideotype design (P3 + P2, P4) Duration: Month 1 (April 2016) – Month 15 (June 2017)
Proposal of progress towards designing the ideotype(s)
combination of barley traits conducive to improved biomass (and yield)
• Top-down approach: building up a conceptual scheme based on sound crop-
physiological model of biomass and yield determination in field conditions.
• Bottom-up: choose sound basic traits, search for evidences that these traits would
upscale to the crop level of organization and impact on biomass and yield
How to get there?
Biomass (Mg ha-1)Yield (Mg ha-1)
?
commitment within BarPlus
Gustavo A. Slafer
Task 3.1: Ideotype design (P3 + P2, P4) Duration: Month 1 (April 2016) – Month 15 (June 2017)
1. To build up a conceptual scheme (a crop-physiological, agronomic sound, model) of
biomass and yield determination in field conditions.
Biomass (Mg ha-1)
Accumulated intercepted
radiation (MJ m-2)
RUE (g MJ-1)
Leaf area index
Leaf and tiller appearance
Leaf expansion
Harvest index
Yield (Mg ha-1)
Light attenuation coefficient
Gustavo A. Slafer
Task 3.1: Ideotype design (P3 + P2, P4) Duration: Month 1 (April 2016) – Month 15 (June 2017)
1. To build up a conceptual scheme (a crop-physiological, agronomic sound, model) of
biomass and yield determination in field conditions.
2. This scheme will
(i) describe critical traits for yield and
biomass,
Thermal time (ºC d)
Lea
f n
um
ber
Leaf number
Til
lers
m-2
Leaf number
LA
I
Biomass (Mg ha-1)
Accumulated intercepted
radiation (MJ m-2)
RUE (g MJ-1)
Leaf area index
Leaf and tiller appearance
Leaf expansion
Harvest index
Yield (Mg ha-1)
Light attenuation coefficient
LAI
%R
i
Accum. Ri
Bio
ma
ssY
ield
Biomass
Leaf angles (erectness)
Leaf photosynthesis
Early vigour
Heading date
Gustavo A. Slafer
Task 3.1: Ideotype design (P3 + P2, P4) Duration: Month 1 (April 2016) – Month 15 (June 2017)
(ii) quantify genetic variation
available for each relevant trait
2. This scheme will
(i) describe critical traits for yield and
biomass,
1. To build up a conceptual scheme (a crop-physiological, agronomic sound, model) of
biomass and yield determination in field conditions.
Thermal time (ºC d)
Lea
f n
um
ber
Leaf number
Til
lers
m-2
Leaf number
LA
I
Biomass (Mg ha-1)
Accumulated intercepted
radiation (MJ m-2)
RUE (g MJ-1)
Leaf area index
Leaf and tiller appearance
Leaf expansion
Harvest index
Yield (Mg ha-1)
Light attenuation coefficient
LAI
%R
i
Accum. Ri
Bio
ma
ssY
ield
Biomass
Leaf angles (erectness)
Leaf photosynthesis
Early vigour
Heading date
Gustavo A. Slafer
Task 3.1: Ideotype design (P3 + P2, P4) Duration: Month 1 (April 2016) – Month 15 (June 2017)
(ii) quantify genetic variation
available for each relevant trait
2. This scheme will
(i) describe critical traits for yield and
biomass,
1. To build up a conceptual scheme (a crop-physiological, agronomic sound, model) of
biomass and yield determination in field conditions.
Thermal time (ºC d)
Lea
f n
um
ber
Leaf number
Til
lers
m-2
Leaf number
LA
I
Biomass (Mg ha-1)
Accumulated intercepted
radiation (MJ m-2)
RUE (g MJ-1)
Leaf area index
Leaf and tiller appearance
Leaf expansion
Harvest index
Yield (Mg ha-1)
Light attenuation coefficient
LAI
%R
i
Accum. Ri
Bio
ma
ssY
ield
Biomass
Leaf angles (erectness)
Leaf photosynthesis
Early vigour
Heading date
(iii) establish relationships
between these traits
exploring and highlighting
likely trade-offs
Gustavo A. Slafer
Task 3.1: Ideotype design (P3 + P2, P4) Duration: Month 1 (April 2016) – Month 15 (June 2017)
(ii) quantify genetic variation
available for each relevant trait
2. This scheme will
(i) describe critical traits for yield and
biomass,
1. To build up a conceptual scheme (a crop-physiological, agronomic sound, model) of
biomass and yield determination in field conditions.
Thermal time (ºC d)
Lea
f n
um
ber
Leaf number
Til
lers
m-2
Leaf number
LA
I
Biomass (Mg ha-1)
Accumulated intercepted
radiation (MJ m-2)
RUE (g MJ-1)
Leaf area index
Leaf and tiller appearance
Leaf expansion
Harvest index
Yield (Mg ha-1)
Light attenuation coefficient
LAI
%R
i
Accum. Ri
Bio
ma
ssY
ield
Biomass
Leaf angles (erectness)
Leaf photosynthesis
Early vigour
Heading date
(iii) establish relationships
between these traits
considering interactions with
N and water
Gustavo A. Slafer
Task 3.1: Ideotype design (P3 + P2, P4) Duration: Month 1 (April 2016) – Month 15 (June 2017)
(ii) quantify genetic variation
available for each relevant trait
2. This scheme will
(i) describe critical traits for yield and
biomass,
1. To build up a conceptual scheme (a crop-physiological, agronomic sound, model) of
biomass and yield determination in field conditions.
Thermal time (ºC d)
Lea
f n
um
ber
Leaf number
Til
lers
m-2
Leaf number
LA
I
Biomass (Mg ha-1)
Accumulated intercepted
radiation (MJ m-2)
RUE (g MJ-1)
Leaf area index
Leaf and tiller appearance
Leaf expansion
Harvest index
Yield (Mg ha-1)
Light attenuation coefficient
LAI
%R
i
Accum. Ri
Bio
ma
ssY
ield
Biomass
Leaf angles (erectness)
Leaf photosynthesis
Early vigour
Heading date
(iii) establish relationships
between these traits
considering particular
targeted growing conditions.
Some traits may be of
universal value
Other traits may be relevant
in some envs but not in
others…
Thermal time (ºC d)
Lea
f num
ber
Leaf number
Til
lers
m-2
Leaf number
LA
I
Biomass (Mg ha-1)
Accumulated intercepted radiation
(MJ m-2)
RUE (g MJ-1)
Leaf area index
Leaf and tiller appearance
Leaf expansion
Harvest index
Yield (Mg ha-1)
Light attenuation coefficient
LAI%
Ri
Accum. Ri
Bio
ma
ssY
ield
Biomass
Leaf angles (erectness)
Leaf photosynthesis
Early vigour
Heading date
Biomass accumulation (during the stem elongation phase)
Spik
e D
Wt
m-2
Biomass
Spike Dry Weight m-2
(anthesis)Spike DWt m-2
Gra
ins
m-2
Grains m-2
(maturity)Grains m-2Y
ield
Onset of stem
growthPartitioning to spikes
Discussion on how it combines
with parallel sound models
Gustavo A. Slafer
A review of the literature based on top-down approaches of biomass (and yield) determination
Crop-physiological, agronomic sound, model hypothesized
Meta-analysis of the literature published data carried out to• test the strength of the model• determine the traits more frequently/strongly affecting
biomass
How to reach the proposed ideotype on time?
Task 3.1: Ideotype design (P3 + P2, P4) Duration: Month 1 (April 2016) – Month 15 (June 2017)
Publish the ideotype proposed and the meta-analysis supporting it
Gustavo A. Slafer
A review of the literature based on top-down approaches of biomass (and yield) determination
Crop-physiological, agronomic sound, model hypothesized
Meta-analysis of the literature published data carried out to• test the strength of the model• determine the traits more frequently/strongly affecting
biomass
Adapt/Calibrate simulations models to capture these trait effects
Run simulations under wide range of conditions to assess the predicted value of improving these traits
How to reach the proposed ideotype on time?
Task 3.1: Ideotype design (P3 + P2, P4) Duration: Month 1 (April 2016) – Month 15 (June 2017)
Publish the ideotype proposed and the meta-analysis supporting it
Publish the adapted/calibrated model and the outcome of the consequences of breeding such ideotype
Gustavo A. Slafer