mastering nt greek 17. contract verbs by ted hildebrandt © 2003 baker academic

Mastering NT GreekMastering NT Greek

17. Contract Verbs17. Contract Verbs

By Ted Hildebrandt By Ted Hildebrandt © 2003© 2003

Baker AcademicBaker Academic

ReviewReview

2-1-2 Noun Forms2-1-2 Noun Forms

2 1 2 2 1 2 lo<goj grafh< lo<goj grafh< i[ero<ni[ero<n

lo<gou grafh?j lo<gou grafh?j i[erou?i[erou?lo<g& graf^? lo<g& graf^? i[er&?i[er&?lo<gon grafh<n lo<gon grafh<n i[ero<ni[ero<nlo<goi grafai< lo<goi grafai< i[era<i[era<lo<gwn grafw?n lo<gwn grafw?n i[erw?ni[erw?nlo<goij grafai?j lo<goij grafai?j i[eroi?ji[eroi?jlo<gouj grafa<j lo<gouj grafa<j i[era<i[era<

33rdrd Declension Chantables Declension Chantables

xari<j o@noma, pi<stijxari<j o@noma, pi<stij xa<rij o@noma pi<stij xa<rij o@noma pi<stij xa<ritoj o]no<matoj pi<stewj xa<ritoj o]no<matoj pi<stewj xa<riti o]no<mati pi<steixa<riti o]no<mati pi<stei xa<rita o@noma pi<stinxa<rita o@noma pi<stin xa<ritej o]no<mata pi<steijxa<ritej o]no<mata pi<steij xari<twn o]noma<twn xari<twn o]noma<twn

pi<stewnpi<stewn xa<risi(n) o]no<masi(n) xa<risi(n) o]no<masi(n)

pi<stesi(n)pi<stesi(n) xa<ritaj o]no<mata pi<steij xa<ritaj o]no<mata pi<steij

Present Active Indicative VerbsPresent Active Indicative Verbs

lu<w lu<w lu<omenlu<omen lu<eij lu<eij lu<etelu<ete lu<ei lu<ei lu<ousi(n)lu<ousi(n)

Present Middle/Passive Indicative Present Middle/Passive Indicative

lu<omai, -o<meqa,lu<omai, -o<meqa, -^, -esqe, -^, -esqe, -etai, -ontai -etai, -ontai

Shape of the Future in GreekShape of the Future in Greek

lu<sw lu<somenlu<sw lu<somenI will loose I will loose We will looseWe will loose

lu<seij lu<seij lu<setelu<seteYou will loose You will loose You all will looseYou all will loose

lu<sei lu<sei lu<sousi(n)lu<sousi(n)He/she/it will loose He/she/it will loose They will looseThey will loose

Future Middle ParadigmFuture Middle Paradigm

lu<somai --omeqalu<somai --omeqa --^ --esqe --^ --esqe --etai --ontai --etai --ontai

Imperfect Active Paradigm of Imperfect Active Paradigm of lu<wlu<w

Singular Singular PluralPlural e@luon e@luon e]lu<omen e]lu<omen

I was loosing I was loosing We were loosingWe were loosing

e@luej e@luej e]lu<ete e]lu<ete You were loosing You were loosing You all were loosingYou all were loosing

e@lue(n) e@lue(n) e@luon e@luon He/she/it was loosing He/she/it was loosing They were loosingThey were loosing

LearnLearn: : e@luon e@luon: : n, s, e, men, n, s, e, men, te, n te, n

Imperfect Middle/Passive of Imperfect Middle/Passive of lu<w lu<w Singular Singular PluralPlural e]luo<mhn e]luo<mhn e]luo<meqae]luo<meqa

I was being loosed I was being loosed We were being loosedWe were being loosed

e]lu<ou e]lu<ou e]lu<esqe e]lu<esqe You were being loosed You were being loosed You all were being loosedYou all were being loosed

e]lu<eto e]lu<eto e]lu<onto e]lu<onto He/she/it was being He/she/it was being They were being loosedThey were being loosedloosedloosed

LearnLearn: : e]luo<mhne]luo<mhn:: mhn, ou, to, meqa, esqe, ontomhn, ou, to, meqa, esqe, onto

Second Aorist Active ParadigmSecond Aorist Active Paradigm

Singular Singular PluralPlural 1 e@labon 1 e@labon

e]la<bomen e]la<bomen I took I took we tookwe took

2 e@labej 2 e@labej e]la<betee]la<beteYou took You took You tookYou took

3 e@labe(n) 3 e@labe(n) e@labon e@labon S/he/it took S/he/it took They tookThey took

LearnLearn: : e@labon e@labon n, s, e, men, n, s, e, men, te, nte, n

Second Aorist Middle Second Aorist Middle Singular Singular PluralPlural 1 e]geno<mhn 1 e]geno<mhn e]geno<meqa e]geno<meqa

I became I became We becameWe became2 e]ge<nou 2 e]ge<nou e]ge<nesqee]ge<nesqe You became You became You becameYou became3 e]ge<neto 3 e]ge<neto e]ge<nonto e]ge<nonto He/she/it became He/she/it became They becameThey became

Note this, as most "middles" are deponentNote this, as most "middles" are deponent Endings: Endings: e]geno<mhn,e]geno<mhn,

ou, eto, meqa, esqe, ou, eto, meqa, esqe, ontoonto

Aorist Stem Changes -- 9 to knowAorist Stem Changes -- 9 to know

o[ra<w == ei#don o[ra<w == ei#don (I saw) – (I saw) – ble<pw ble<pw le<gw == ei#pon le<gw == ei#pon (I said) (I said) e@rxomai == h#lqon e@rxomai == h#lqon (I came, went) (I came, went) gi<nomai == e]geno<mhn gi<nomai == e]geno<mhn (I became) (I became) ginw<skw == e@gnwn ginw<skw == e@gnwn (I knew) (I knew) eu[ri<skw == eu$ron eu[ri<skw == eu$ron (I found) (I found) e@xw == e@sxon e@xw == e@sxon ( I had) ( I had) lamba<nw == e@labon lamba<nw == e@labon (I took) (I took)

The "is" verb PAI The "is" verb PAI -- -- ei]mi< ei]mi<

ei]mi< ei]mi< I am I am e]sme<n e]sme<n We We areare

ei# ei# You areYou are e]ste< e]ste< You areYou are

e]sti<(n) e]sti<(n) He/she/it is He/she/it is ei]si<(n) ei]si<(n) They areThey are

The "was" verb IAI -- The "was" verb IAI -- ei]mi< ei]mi<

h@mhn h@mhn I was I was h#men h#men We We werewere

h#j h#j You were You were h#te h#te You You werewere

h#n h#n He/she/it was He/she/it was h#san h#san They They werewere

1st Aorist Active Paradigm 1st Aorist Active Paradigm

Singular Plural Singular Plural e@lusa e@lusa

e]lu<samen e]lu<samen I loosed I loosed we loosedwe loosed

e@lusaj e@lusaj e]lu<sate e]lu<sate you loosed you loosed you all loosed you all loosed

e@luse(n) e@luse(n) e@lusan e@lusan He/she/it loosed He/she/it loosed they loosedthey loosed

Learn:Learn: e@lusa e@lusa: : --, --, s, e, men, te, ns, e, men, te, n

1st Aorist Middle Paradigm 1st Aorist Middle Paradigm Singular Plural Singular Plural e]lusa<mhn e]lusa<mhn e]lusa<meqa e]lusa<meqa

I loosed for myself I loosed for myself We loosed for ourselvesWe loosed for ourselves

e@lusw e@lusw e]lu<sasqe e]lu<sasqe You loosed for yourself You loosed for yourself You all loosed for yourselvesYou all loosed for yourselves

e@lusato e@lusato e@lusanto e@lusanto He/she/it loosed for himself He/she/it loosed for himself They loosed for themselvesThey loosed for themselves

Learn: Learn: e]lusa<mhne]lusa<mhn: : w, ato, ameqa, asqe, antow, ato, ameqa, asqe, anto

First Aorist PassivesFirst Aorist Passives

Singular Plural Singular Plural 1 1 e]lu<qhn e]lu<qhn e]lu<qhmen e]lu<qhmen

I was loosed I was loosed we were loosedwe were loosed

2 e]lu<qhj 2 e]lu<qhj e]lu<qhte e]lu<qhte you were loosed you were loosed you all were loosedyou all were loosed

3 e]lu<qh 3 e]lu<qh e]lu<qhsane]lu<qhsan He/she/it was loosed He/she/it was loosed they were loosedthey were loosed

Chant: Chant: e]lu<qhne]lu<qhn n, s, --, men, te, sann, s, --, men, te, san

Future Passive IndicativesFuture Passive Indicatives

Singular Singular Plural Plural 1 1 luqh<somai luqh<somai

luqhso<meqa luqhso<meqa I will be loosed I will be loosed we will be loosedwe will be loosed

2 luqh<s^ 2 luqh<s^ luqh<sesqe luqh<sesqe You will be loosed You will be loosed you all will be loosedyou all will be loosed

3 luqh<setai 3 luqh<setai luqh<sontailuqh<sontai He/she/it will be loosed He/she/it will be loosed they will be loosedthey will be loosed

Chant: Chant: luqh<somai luqh<somai ^, etai, omeqa, esqe, ontai ^, etai, omeqa, esqe, ontai

Second Aorist Passive StemsSecond Aorist Passive Stems

lamba<nw e]lh<mfqhnlamba<nw e]lh<mfqhn le<gw e]rre<qhnle<gw e]rre<qhn o[ra<w w@fqhn o[ra<w w@fqhn

o]fqh<somaio]fqh<somai ba<llw e]blh<qhn ba<llw e]blh<qhn

blhqh<somaiblhqh<somai

Person Personal Pronoun Person Personal Pronoun ChantChant

Singular PluralSingular Plural NomNom. . e]gw< su < e]gw< su <

h[mei?j h[mei?j GenGen. . mou mou sou sou h[mw?n h[mw?n

DatDat. . moi soi moi soi h[mi?n h[mi?n AccAcc. . me se me se h[ma<j h[ma<j

au]to<j, au]th, au]to< au]to<j, au]th, au]to< (he, she, it)(he, she, it)

Rapping the Lord’s PrayerRapping the Lord’s Prayer

Pa<ter h[mw?n o[ e]n toi?j ou]ranoi?j:Pa<ter h[mw?n o[ e]n toi?j ou]ranoi?j: father our the one in heaven father our the one in heaven

a[giasqh<tw to> o@noma< sou a[giasqh<tw to> o@noma< sou make holy name your make holy name your

e]lqe<tw h[ basilei<a sou: e]lqe<tw h[ basilei<a sou: let come kingdom your let come kingdom your

genhqh<tw to> qe<lhma< sou, genhqh<tw to> qe<lhma< sou, let be will your let be will your


w[j e]n ou]ran&? kai> e]pi> w[j e]n ou]ran&? kai> e]pi> gh?j: gh?j: as in heaven also on earthas in heaven also on earth

to>n a@rton h[mw?n to>n to>n a@rton h[mw?n to>n the bread our the bread our

e]piou<sion do>j h[mi?n e]piou<sion do>j h[mi?n sh<meron:sh<meron: daily give us today daily give us today


kai> a@fej h[mi?n ta> kai> a@fej h[mi?n ta> o]feilh<mata h[mw?n:o]feilh<mata h[mw?n: and forgive us trespasses ourand forgive us trespasses our

w[j kai> h[mei?j a]fh<kamen w[j kai> h[mei?j a]fh<kamen as also we have forgiven as also we have forgiven

toi?j o]feile<taij h[mw?n toi?j o]feile<taij h[mw?n the ones trespassing us the ones trespassing us

Introduction to Contract VerbsIntroduction to Contract Verbs

What is a contract verb? What is a contract verb? Verb stems ending in: Verb stems ending in: a, e, o a, e, o An example is:An example is: a]gap a]gapa<a<w w

2 Scenarios: The big picture2 Scenarios: The big picture

Present and Imperfect:Present and Imperfect:

– Vowel of the stem ending and connecting vowel Vowel of the stem ending and connecting vowel contract contract

– a]gap +a]gap + a< + oa< + o + men = a]gap + men = a]gapww??menmen

Aorist and Future (the suffixAorist and Future (the suffix s)s)– The stem vowel lengthensThe stem vowel lengthens

– a]gap + a]gap + a< a< + s + omen = + s + omen = a]gapa]gaph<h<somensomen

Contraction Rules (FOLDS)Contraction Rules (FOLDS) 1)1) First dissimilar overcomes. First dissimilar overcomes. a, e, a, e, or or h h

which ever one comes first its long vowel is which ever one comes first its long vowel is usedused– a + e = a + h = a + e = a + h = long long a a – e + h = h e + h = h – a]gapa? + ete = a]gapa?tea]gapa? + ete = a]gapa?te

2) 2) O overcomes.O overcomes.– o + a = w; e + w = wo + a = w; e + w = w– a]gapa< + w = a]gapw? a]gapa< + w = a]gapw? – Except:Except: e + o = ou; o + e = ou e + o = ou; o + e = ou

Contraction Rules (FOLDS)Contraction Rules (FOLDS)

3) 3) Likes go long.Likes go long.

– a + a = a; e + h = h; o + w = wa + a = a; e + h = h; o + w = w– Except:Except: e + e = ei; (poie + ete = e + e = ei; (poie + ete =

poiei?te)poiei?te)– o + o = ou; o + o = ou;

4). 4). Dissimilar diphthong contracts.Dissimilar diphthong contracts.– o + ei = oi; e + oi = oi; o + ^ = oio + ei = oi; e + oi = oi; o + ^ = oi

Contraction Rules (FOLDS)Contraction Rules (FOLDS)

5) 5) Same vowel diphthong drops.Same vowel diphthong drops.

– o + ou = ou; e + ei = ei; o + ou = ou; e + ei = ei; – poie + eij = poiei?jpoie + eij = poiei?j

5 Contraction Rules: FOLDS5 Contraction Rules: FOLDS

1) F irst dissimilar overcomes. goes long 1) F irst dissimilar overcomes. goes long a, e, h a, e, h – e + h = h e + h = h

2) O overcomes. 2) O overcomes. o + e e + o = ou o + e e + o = ou 3) L ikes go long. 3) L ikes go long. e + e = ei; o + o = oue + e = ei; o + o = ou 4) D issimilar diphthong contracts 4) D issimilar diphthong contracts o + ei = oio + ei = oi 5) S ame vowel diphthong drops 5) S ame vowel diphthong drops

– o + ou = ouo + ou = ou

Paradigms forParadigms for a, e, a, e, and and oo typestypes

a a type = type = a]gapa<w a]gapa<w (I love)(I love) Present Active Indicative Present Active Indicative a]gapa<w a]gapa<w

1 a]gapw? (aw) a]gapw?men 1 a]gapw? (aw) a]gapw?men (aomen)(aomen)2 a]gap%?j (aeij) a]gapa?te (aete) 2 a]gap%?j (aeij) a]gapa?te (aete) 3 a]gap%? (aei) a]gapw?si 3 a]gap%? (aei) a]gapw?si (aousi) (aousi)

Paradigms forParadigms for a, e, a, e, and and oo typestypes

e e type = type = poie<w poie<w (I do/make)(I do/make) Present Active Indicative Present Active Indicative poie<w poie<w 1 poiw? (ew) poiou?men 1 poiw? (ew) poiou?men

(eomen)(eomen)2 poiei?j (eeij) poiei?te 2 poiei?j (eeij) poiei?te (eete) (eete) 3 poiei? (eei) poiou?si 3 poiei? (eei) poiou?si (eousi) (eousi)

Paradigms forParadigms for a, e, a, e, and and oo types types

o o type = type = plhro<w plhro<w (I fill)(I fill) Present Active Indicative Present Active Indicative plhro<w plhro<w 1 plhrw?? (ow) plhrou?men 1 plhrw?? (ow) plhrou?men

(oomen)(oomen)2 plhroi?j (oeij) plhrou?te (oete) 2 plhroi?j (oeij) plhrou?te (oete) 3 plhroi? (oei) plhrou?si 3 plhroi? (oei) plhrou?si (oousi) (oousi)

Lemoners revisitedLemoners revisited

krinw krinw in the futurein the future Actually it goes like this: Actually it goes like this:

– krinw + s (krinw + s (replaced by replaced by e e and then and then contracted)contracted)

– krinw + e +w/eij/eikrinw + e +w/eij/ei krinw? krinw?

Principle PartsPrinciple Parts

a]gapa<w, a]gaph<sw, a]gapa<w, a]gaph<sw, h]ga<phsa, h]ga<phka, h]ga<phsa, h]ga<phka, h]ga<phmai, h]gaph<qhnh]ga<phmai, h]gaph<qhn

poie<w, poih<sw, poie<w, poih<sw, e]poi<hsa, pepoi<hka, e]poi<hsa, pepoi<hka, pepoi<hmai, ___pepoi<hmai, ___

plhro<w, plhrw<sw, e]plh<rwsa, plhro<w, plhrw<sw, e]plh<rwsa, peplh<rwka, peplh<rwmai, peplh<rwka, peplh<rwmai, e]plhrw<qhne]plhrw<qhn

Chapter 17 VocabularyChapter 17 Vocabulary

ei] ei] if, that if, that


e]sqi<w e]sqi<w I eat I eat


za<w za<w I live I live


zhte<w zhte<w I seekI seek


h@ h@ or, eitheror, either


kale<w kale<w I call I call


lale<w lale<w I speak, say I speak, say


parakale<w parakale<w I urge, exhort I urge, exhort


plhro<w plhro<w I fill, I fill,

complete complete


poie<w poie<w I do, makeI do, make

mastering nt greek 17. contract verbs by ted hildebrandt © 2003 baker academic

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