mastering nt greek 22. enticing infinitives by ted hildebrandt © 2003 baker academic

Mastering NT GreekMastering NT Greek

22. Enticing Infinitives22. Enticing Infinitives

By Ted Hildebrandt By Ted Hildebrandt © 2003© 2003

Baker AcademicBaker Academic

Warm-upsWarm-ups

Rapping the Lord’s PrayerRapping the Lord’s Prayer

Pa<ter h[mw?n o[ e]n toi?j Pa<ter h[mw?n o[ e]n toi?j ou]ranoij:ou]ranoij: father our the one in heaven father our the one in heaven

a[giasqh<tw to> o@noma< sou a[giasqh<tw to> o@noma< sou make holy name yourmake holy name your

e]lqe<tw h[ basilei<a sou: e]lqe<tw h[ basilei<a sou: let come kingdom yourlet come kingdom your

genhqh<tw to> qe<lhma< sou, genhqh<tw to> qe<lhma< sou, let be will your let be will your


w[j e]n ou]ranw[j e]n ou]ran&&? kai> e]pi> ? kai> e]pi> gh?j: gh?j: as in heaven also on earthas in heaven also on earth

to>n a@rton h[mw?n to>n to>n a@rton h[mw?n to>n the bread ourthe bread our

e]piou<sion do>j h[mi?n e]piou<sion do>j h[mi?n sh<meron:sh<meron: daily give us todaydaily give us today


kai> a@fej h[mi?n ta> kai> a@fej h[mi?n ta> o]feilh<mata h[mw?n:o]feilh<mata h[mw?n: and forgive us trespasses ourand forgive us trespasses our

w[j kai> h[mei?j a]fh<kamen w[j kai> h[mei?j a]fh<kamen as also we have forgiven as also we have forgiven

toi?j o]feile<taij h[mw?n toi?j o]feile<taij h[mw?n the ones trespassing us the ones trespassing us

2-1-2 Paradigms2-1-2 Paradigms

2 1 2 2 1 2 lo<goj grafh< lo<goj grafh< i[ero<ni[ero<n

lo<gou grafh?j lo<gou grafh?j i[erou?i[erou?lo<g& graf^? lo<g& graf^? i[er&?i[er&?lo<gon grafh<n lo<gon grafh<n i[ero<ni[ero<nlo<goi grafai< lo<goi grafai< i[era<i[era<lo<gwn grafw?n lo<gwn grafw?n i[erw?ni[erw?nlo<goij grafai?j lo<goij grafai?j i[eroi?ji[eroi?jlo<gouj grafa<j lo<gouj grafa<j i[era<i[era<

33rdrd Declension Chantables Declension Chantables

xari<j o@noma, pi<stijxari<j o@noma, pi<stij xa<rij o@noma pi<stij xa<rij o@noma pi<stij xa<ritoj o]no<matoj pi<stewj xa<ritoj o]no<matoj pi<stewj xa<riti o]no<mati pi<steixa<riti o]no<mati pi<stei xa<rita o@noma pi<stinxa<rita o@noma pi<stin xa<ritej o]no<mata pi<steijxa<ritej o]no<mata pi<steij xari<twn o]noma<twn xari<twn o]noma<twn

pi<stewnpi<stewn xa<risi(n) o]no<masi(n) xa<risi(n) o]no<masi(n)

pi<stesi(n)pi<stesi(n) xa<ritaj o]no<mata pi<steij xa<ritaj o]no<mata pi<steij

Present Active Indicative VerbsPresent Active Indicative Verbs

lu<w lu<w lu<omenlu<omen lu<eij lu<eij lu<etelu<ete lu<ei lu<ei lu<ousi(n)lu<ousi(n)

Present Middle/Passive IndicativePresent Middle/Passive Indicative

lu<omai, lu<omai, -o<meqa, -o<meqa,

-^, -esqe, -^, -esqe,

-etai, -ontai-etai, -ontai

Shape of the Future in GreekShape of the Future in Greek

lu<sw lu<somenlu<sw lu<somenI will loose I will loose We will looseWe will loose

lu<seij lu<seij lu<setelu<seteYou will loose You will loose You all will looseYou all will loose

lu<sei lu<sei lu<sousi(n)lu<sousi(n)He/she/it will loose He/she/it will loose They will looseThey will loose

Future Middle ParadigmFuture Middle Paradigm

lu<somai --omeqalu<somai --omeqa --^ --esqe --^ --esqe --etai --ontai --etai --ontai

Imperfect Active Paradigm of Imperfect Active Paradigm of lu<wlu<w

e@luon e@luon I was loosing I was loosing e@luon e]lu<omen e@luon e]lu<omen e@luej e]lu<ete e@luej e]lu<ete

e@lue(n) e@luone@lue(n) e@luon Chant: Chant: e@luon e@luon: : n s e men n s e men

te nte n

Imperfect Middle/Passive of Imperfect Middle/Passive of lu<wlu<w

e]luo<mhn e]luo<mhn I was being loosed I was being loosed e]luo<mhn e]luo<meqa e]luo<mhn e]luo<meqa

e]lu<ou e]lu<esqe e]lu<ou e]lu<esqe e]lu<eto e]lu<onto e]lu<eto e]lu<onto

Chant: Chant: e]luo<mhne]luo<mhn:: ou eto omeqa esqe onto ou eto omeqa esqe onto

Second Aorist Active ParadigmSecond Aorist Active Paradigm e@labon (lamba<nw) e@labon (lamba<nw) I took I took

1 e@labon 1 e@labon e]la<bomene]la<bomen2 e@labej e]la<bete2 e@labej e]la<bete3 e@labe(n) e@labon 3 e@labe(n) e@labon

ChantChant: : e@labon e@labon n, s, e, men, te, n, s, e, men, te, n n

Second Aorist MiddleSecond Aorist Middle

e]geno<mhn e]geno<mhn I becameI became (gi<nomai)(gi<nomai)

1 e]geno<mhn 1 e]geno<mhn e]geno<meqa e]geno<meqa 2 e]ge<nou 2 e]ge<nou e]ge<nesqee]ge<nesqe3 e]ge<neto e]ge<nonto 3 e]ge<neto e]ge<nonto

Chant: Chant: e]geno<mhn e]geno<mhn ou, eto, omeqa, esqe, ou, eto, omeqa, esqe, ontoonto

1st Aorist Active Paradigm1st Aorist Active Paradigm

e@lusa e@lusa I loosed I loosed

e@lusa e@lusa e]lu<samene]lu<samene@lusaj e]lu<sate e@lusaj e]lu<sate e@luse(n) e@lusan e@luse(n) e@lusan

Chant: Chant: e@lusae@lusa --, --, s, e, men, te, ns, e, men, te, n

1st Aorist Middle Paradigm1st Aorist Middle Paradigm

e]lusa<mhn e]lusa<mhn I loosed (for I loosed (for myself)myself)

e]lusa<mhn e]lusa<mhn e]lusa<meqae]lusa<meqae@lusw e]lu<sasqe e@lusw e]lu<sasqe e@lusato e@lusanto e@lusato e@lusanto

Chant: Chant: e]lusa<mhne]lusa<mhn: : w, ato, ameqa, asqe, antow, ato, ameqa, asqe, anto

First Aorist PassivesFirst Aorist Passives

e]lu<qhn e]lu<qhn I was loosedI was loosed 1 1 e]lu<qhn e]lu<qhmen e]lu<qhn e]lu<qhmen

2 e]lu<qhj e]lu<qhte 2 e]lu<qhj e]lu<qhte 3 e]lu<qh e]lu<qhsan3 e]lu<qh e]lu<qhsan

Learn: Learn: e]lu<qhn e]lu<qhn n, s, --, men, te, san n, s, --, men, te, san

Future PassiveFuture Passive

luqh<somai luqh<somai I will be loosedI will be loosed 1. 1. luqh<somai luqhso<meqaluqh<somai luqhso<meqa 2. 2. luqh<s^ luqh<sesqeluqh<s^ luqh<sesqe 3. luqh<setai luqh<sontai3. luqh<setai luqh<sontai Chant: Chant: luqh<somai – luqh<somai – ^, etai, omeqa, esqe, ^, etai, omeqa, esqe,

ontaiontai

Present Ptc forms to chant Present Ptc forms to chant

Present Active: ptc = participle Present Active: ptc = participle NomNom. . lu<wn lu<ousa lu?onlu<wn lu<ousa lu?on

GenGen. . lu<ontoj lu<oushj lu<ontojlu<ontoj lu<oushj lu<ontoj Present Middle/PassivePresent Middle/Passive NomNom. . luo<menoj luome<nh luo<menoj luome<nh

luo<menonluo<menonGenGen. . luome<nou luome<nhj luome<nou luome<nhj luome<nouluome<nou

the girl loosing (Adj.), while loosing (Adv.),the girl loosing (Adj.), while loosing (Adv.), the one who is loosing (Subst.) the one who is loosing (Subst.)

First Aorist Ptc. forms to Chant First Aorist Ptc. forms to Chant

First Aorist Active 3-1-3 (chant)First Aorist Active 3-1-3 (chant) Nom. Nom. lu<saj lu<sasa lu?sanlu<saj lu<sasa lu?san

Gen. Gen. lu<santoj lusa<shj lu<santojlu<santoj lusa<shj lu<santoj First Aorist Passive 3-1-3 (chant)First Aorist Passive 3-1-3 (chant) Nom. Nom. luqei<j luqei?sa luqe<nluqei<j luqei?sa luqe<n

Gen. Gen. luqe<ntoj luqei<shj luqe<ntojluqe<ntoj luqei<shj luqe<ntoj First Aorist Middle 2-1-2 –no chantFirst Aorist Middle 2-1-2 –no chant Nom. Nom. lusa<menoj lusame<nh lusa<menoj lusame<nh

lusa<menonlusa<menonGen. Gen. lusame<nou lusame<nhj lusame<nou lusame<nhj lusame<noulusame<nou

Perfect Ptc Forms to ChantPerfect Ptc Forms to Chant Perfect Active Participles (know these)Perfect Active Participles (know these) 3 3 1 1 3 3

lelukw<j lelukw<j lelukui?a lelukui?a leluko<j leluko<j leluko<tojleluko<toj lelukui<aj lelukui<aj leluko<tojleluko<toj

Perfect Middle/Passives ParticiplesPerfect Middle/Passives Participles 2 1 22 1 2

lelume<noj lelume<noj lelume<nh lelume<nh lelume<nonlelume<non lelume<nou lelume<nhj lelume<nou lelume<nhj lelume<nou lelume<nou

Aorist Stem Changes -- 9 to knowAorist Stem Changes -- 9 to know

o[ra<w == ei#don o[ra<w == ei#don (I saw) (I saw) – – ble<pw ble<pw

e@rxomai == h#lqon e@rxomai == h#lqon (I came, went) (I came, went) le<gw == ei#pon le<gw == ei#pon (I said) (I said) ba<llw == e@balon ba<llw == e@balon (I threw) (I threw) gi<nomai == e]geno<mhn gi<nomai == e]geno<mhn (I became) (I became) ginw<skw == e@gnwn ginw<skw == e@gnwn (I knew)(I knew) eu[ri<skw == eu$ron eu[ri<skw == eu$ron (I found) (I found) e@xw == e@sxon e@xw == e@sxon ( I had) ( I had) lamba<nw == e@labon lamba<nw == e@labon (I took) (I took)

The "is" verb PAI -- The "is" verb PAI -- ei]mi< ei]mi<

ei]mi< ei]mi< I am I am e]sme<n e]sme<n We areWe are

ei# ei# You are You are e]ste< e]ste< You areYou are

e]sti<(n) e]sti<(n) He/she/it is He/she/it is ei]si<(n) ei]si<(n) They areThey are

The "was" verb IAI --The "was" verb IAI -- ei]mi< ei]mi<

h@mhn h@mhn I wasI was h#men h#men We wereWe were

h#j h#j You were You were h#te h#te You wereYou were

h#n h#n He/she/it was He/she/it was h#san h#san They wereThey were

Person Personal Pronoun Person Personal Pronoun ChantChant

Singular PluralSingular Plural NomNom. . e]gw< su < e]gw< su <

h[mei?j h[mei?j GenGen. . mou mou sou sou h[mw?n h[mw?n

DatDat. . moi soi moi soi h[mi?n h[mi?n AccAcc. . me se me se h[ma<j h[ma<j

au]to<j, au]th, au]to< au]to<j, au]th, au]to< (he, she, it)(he, she, it)

InfinitivesInfinitives

IntroductionIntroduction

What is an Infinitive?What is an Infinitive?

– An infinitive is a verbal noun.An infinitive is a verbal noun.

– It is called "in-finitive" or non-finite It is called "in-finitive" or non-finite because it does not have a subject because it does not have a subject limiting it. limiting it.

– It is usually translated "To + verb idea".It is usually translated "To + verb idea".

– E.g. He went E.g. He went to startto start the car. the car.

– He decided He decided to runto run for senate. for senate.

The ways of the InfinitiveThe ways of the Infinitive

It often functions as a nounIt often functions as a noun E.g. E.g. To studyTo study Greek is good. Greek is good. Notice the Infinitive while it takes no Notice the Infinitive while it takes no

subject may take an object ("Greek") subject may take an object ("Greek") Takes Takes mh< mh< to negate it to negate it

– (not (not ou]ou] -- actually -- actually ou] ou] is used with the is used with the indicative the rest of the moods etc. take indicative the rest of the moods etc. take mh> mh> ( (mh> mh> is nay)is nay)

To Make InfinitivesTo Make Infinitives

Present Infinitive: to loosePresent Infinitive: to loose Active Middle/PassiveActive Middle/Passive

lu<ein lu<esqai lu<ein lu<esqai

First Aorist Infinitive: to looseFirst Aorist Infinitive: to loose Active Middle PassiveActive Middle Passive

lu?sai lu<sasqai lu?sai lu<sasqai luqh?nai luqh?nai

To Make InfinitivesTo Make Infinitives

Second Aorist Infinitive (Second Aorist Infinitive (lei<pwlei<pw=to =to leave)leave)

Active Middle PassiveActive Middle Passive lipei?n lipe<sqai lipei?n lipe<sqai liph?nai liph?nai

Perfect InfinitivePerfect Infinitive Active Middle/PassiveActive Middle/Passive

leluke<nai lelu<sqai leluke<nai lelu<sqai

Endings to know: Chant ThisEndings to know: Chant This

Present: Present: ein esqai ein esqai Second Aorist: Second Aorist: ei?n esqai h?nai ei?n esqai h?nai First Aorist: First Aorist: ai asqai h?nai ai asqai h?nai Perfect: Perfect: nai sqai nai sqai Hint: often when seeing an Hint: often when seeing an "ai" "ai" on the end of a on the end of a

verb suspect an infinitive. verb suspect an infinitive. Learn to chant these endingsLearn to chant these endings

Aspect or Tense in InfinitivesAspect or Tense in Infinitives

The "tense" of the verb indicates The "tense" of the verb indicates "ASPECT“—perspective of writer: "ASPECT“—perspective of writer: immediacy, complete, state of beingimmediacy, complete, state of being

Present = continuous/progressive actionPresent = continuous/progressive action Aorist = complete/wholistic actionAorist = complete/wholistic action Perfect = state of being actionPerfect = state of being action Translation examplesTranslation examples

– Present = to continue to call—to callPresent = to continue to call—to call– Aorist = to callAorist = to call– Perfect = to have calledPerfect = to have called

Articular InfinitivesArticular Infinitives

Infinitive may function adverbially (often Infinitive may function adverbially (often marked by the definite article and a marked by the definite article and a preposition)preposition)

ei#xon pro> tou? to>n ei#xon pro> tou? to>n ko<smon ei#naiko<smon ei#naiI had before the world beganI had before the world began

Infinitives with prepositions Infinitives with prepositions always with the Def. Articlealways with the Def. Article

dia< dia< + DA + Infinitive = because + DA + Infinitive = because e]n e]n + DA + Infinitive = while, when + DA + Infinitive = while, when meta< + meta< + DA + Infinitive = afterDA + Infinitive = after pri<n + pri<n + DA + Infinitive = beforeDA + Infinitive = before pro< + pro< + DA + Infinitive = beforeDA + Infinitive = before ei]j + ei]j + DA + Infinitive = in order thatDA + Infinitive = in order that pro<j + pro<j + DA + Infinitive = in order thatDA + Infinitive = in order that w!ste + w!ste + DA + Infinitive = so that DA + Infinitive = so that

(result)(result)

Complementary InfinitiveComplementary Infinitive

Infinitive used to complete the idea of the verb: I am Infinitive used to complete the idea of the verb: I am able to runable to run

dei? + dei? + Infinitive = It is necessary + to runInfinitive = It is necessary + to run e@cesti(n) + e@cesti(n) + Infinitive = It is permitted + to runInfinitive = It is permitted + to run du<namai + du<namai + Infinitive = I am able + to come Infinitive = I am able + to come me<llw + me<llw + Infinitive = I am about + to writeInfinitive = I am about + to write

Indirect DiscourseIndirect Discourse

Two ways of doing indirect discourse (he Two ways of doing indirect discourse (he said that they said)said that they said)

(1) Infinitive or (2) using (1) Infinitive or (2) using o!ti o!ti e@legon oi[ a@nqrwpoi e@legon oi[ a@nqrwpoi

au]to>n ei]nai to> profh<thnau]to>n ei]nai to> profh<thnthe men were saying that he was the the men were saying that he was the prophetprophet

le<gei o!ti ble<pei to>n le<gei o!ti ble<pei to>n a]po<stolona]po<stolonhe says that he sees the apostlehe says that he sees the apostle

Chapter 22 VocabularyChapter 22 Vocabulary ai]te<w ai]te<w I askI ask

Chapter 22 VocabularyChapter 22 Vocabulary

ai]w<nioj, -on ai]w<nioj, -on eternaleternal


a]poktei<nw a]poktei<nw I killI kill


kefalh<, -h?j, h[ kefalh<, -h?j, h[ headhead


pi<nw pi<nw I drinkI drink

Chapter 22 Vocabulary Chapter 22 Vocabulary ploi?on, -ou, to< ploi?on, -ou, to< boatboat


pu?r, -o<j, to< pu?r, -o<j, to< firefire


thre<w thre<w I keep, guardI keep, guard


u!dwr, -atoj, to< u!dwr, -atoj, to< waterwater


xai<rwxai<rw I rejoiceI rejoice

Vocabulary ReviewVocabulary Review

Chapter 21 VocabularyChapter 21 Vocabulary a]noi<gw a]noi<gw

– I open I open bapti<zw bapti<zw

– I baptizeI baptize eu]agge<lion, -ou, to< eu]agge<lion, -ou, to<

– gospel gospel marture<w marture<w

– I witness I witness pe<mpw pe<mpw

– I send I send

Chapter 21 Vocabulary Chapter 21 Vocabulary pronhro<j, -a<, -o<n pronhro<j, -a<, -o<n

– evil, bad evil, bad pro<swpon, -ou, to< pro<swpon, -ou, to<

– face face shmei?on, -ou, to< shmei?on, -ou, to<

– sign, miraclesign, miracle sto<ma, -atoj, to< sto<ma, -atoj, to<

– mouth mouth u[pa<gw u[pa<gw

– I go away I go away

Chapter 20 VocabularyChapter 20 Vocabulary a]nabai<nwa]nabai<nw

– I go up I go up a@rxwa@rxw

– I rule, begin (in mid.) I rule, begin (in mid.) e!kastoj, -h, -on e!kastoj, -h, -on

– each, every each, every e]kba<llwe]kba<llw

– I drive out I drive out ka]gw<ka]gw<

– and I, but I and I, but I

Chapter 20 VocabularyChapter 20 Vocabulary katabai<nw katabai<nw

– I go down I go down ma?llon ma?llon

– more, rather more, rather mh<thr, -o<j, h[mh<thr, -o<j, h[

– mother mother o!pou o!pou

– where, since where, since w!stew!ste

– therefore, so that therefore, so that

Chapter 19 VocabularyChapter 19 Vocabulary a]kolouqe<w a]kolouqe<w

– I follow I follow e]nw<pion e]nw<pion

– beforebefore qa<lassa, -hj, h[ qa<lassa, -hj, h[

– sea, lakesea, lake ka<qhmai ka<qhmai

– I sit I sit kairo<j, -ou?, o[ kairo<j, -ou?, o[

– time time

Chapter 19 VocabularyChapter 19 Vocabulary ou@te ou@te

– and not, nor, neither and not, nor, neither pi<ptw pi<ptw

– I fall I fall pou<j, podo<j, o[ pou<j, podo<j, o[

– foot foot prose<rxomai prose<rxomai

– I come/go to I come/go to proseu<xomai proseu<xomai

– I pray I pray

Chapter 18 VocabularyChapter 18 Vocabulary genna<w genna<w I beget I beget dikaiosu<nh, -hj, dikaiosu<nh, -hj,

h[ h[ righteousnessrighteousness e]a<n e]a<n if, when if, when ei]rh<nh, -hj, h[ ei]rh<nh, -hj, h[ peace peace oi#da oi#da I know I know

Chapter 18 VocabularyChapter 18 Vocabulary oi]ki<a, -aj, h[ oi]ki<a, -aj, h[ house house o[ra<w o[ra<w I see I see peripate<w peripate<w I walk I walk pw?j pw?j how? how? fobe<omai fobe<omai I fear I fear

mastering nt greek 22. enticing infinitives by ted hildebrandt © 2003 baker academic

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