marpol introduction 002

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International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the

Protocol of 1978 relating thereto

(MARPOL 73/78)



MARPOL 73/78Protocol I

Reportingof pollutionincidents

Protocol IIArbitration

Supporting

documentation

ResolutionsRecommendationsGuidelinesInterpretations

CodesFormatesCircularsManualsetc.

ANNEX 1 ANNEX 2 ANNEX 3 ANNEX 4 ANNEX 5 ANNEX 6 ANNEX 7

Oil Bulknoxious

liquidsubstances

PackagedHarmful

substances

Sewage Garbage Air Ballast

Inforce

2 october 83

Inforce

6 april 87

Inforce

1 july92

inforce:27September

2003

entry intoforce 19

May 2005

31December

1988

Articlesof the1973 convention

Articlesof the1978 protocol

Inforcesince 2 October 1983



* The MARPOL Convention is the main international conventioncovering prevention of pollution of the marine environment byships from operational or accidental causes.

•It is a combination of two treaties adopted in 1973 and 1978respectively and updated by amendments through the years.

* MARPOL was adopted on 2 November 1973 at IMO andcovered pollution by oil, chemicals, harmful substances inpackaged form, sewage and garbage.

* It entered into force on 2 October 1983 (Annexes I and II).

Introduction



The Convention includes regulations aimed at preventing and minimizing

pollution from ships - both accidental pollution and that from routineoperations - and currently includes six technical Annexes:

Annex I - Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil

Annex II - Regulations for the Control of Pollution by Noxious LiquidSubstances in Bulk

Annex III - Prevention of Pollution by Harmful Substances Carriedby Sea in Packaged Form

Annex IV - Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships (not yet in force)

Annex V - Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships

Annex VI - Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships (adopted September

1997 - not yet in force)

States Parties must accept Annexes I and II, but the other Annexes are voluntary.



History of MARPOL 73/78

*Oil pollution of the seas was recognized as a problem in the first half of the 20th century and various countries introduced nationalregulations to control discharges of oil within their territorial waters.

*In 1954, the United Kingdom organized a conference on oil pollutionwhich resulted in the adoption of theInternational Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the

Sea by Oil (OILPOL), 1954.



OILPOL Convention

The 1954 Convention, which was amended in 1962, 1969 and 1971, primarilyaddressed pollution resulting from routine tanker operations and from the

discharge of oily wastes from machinery spaces - regarded as the majorcauses of oil pollution from ships.

The 1954 OILPOL Convention, which entered into force on 26 July 1958,attempted to tackle the problem of pollution of the seas by oil - defined as crude

oil, fuel oil, heavy diesel oil and lubricating oil - in two main ways:

1-it established "prohibited zones" extending at least 50 miles from the nearestland in which the discharge of oil or of mixtures containing more than 100 partsof oil per million was forbidden;

2-it required Contracting Parties to take all appropriate steps to promote theprovision of facilities for the reception of oily water and residues.



Although the 1954 OILPOL Convention went some way in dealing with oil pollution,growth in oil trade and developments in industrial practices were beginningto make it clear that further action, was required.

Torrey CanyonIn 1967, the tanker Torrey Canyon ran aground while entering the EnglishChannel and spilled her entire cargo of 120,000 tons of crude oil into the sea.This resulted in the biggest oil pollution incident ever recorded up to that time.The incident raised questions about measures then in place to prevent oil pollutionfrom ships and also exposed deficiencies in the existing system for providing

compensation following accidents at sea.



1973 Convention

Finally, an international Conference in 1973 adopted the InternationalConvention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships.

The Convention was also intended to address other forms of pollution from ships

and therefore other annexes covered chemicals, harmful substances carried inpackaged form, sewage and garbage. The 1973 Convention also included twoProtocols dealing with1-Reports on I ncidents involving Harmful Substances and1-Arbitration .

The 1973 Convention required ratification by 15 States, with a combinedmerchant fleet of not less than 50 percent of world shipping by gross

tonnage, to enter into force.

By 1976, it had only received three ratifications - Jordan, Kenya and Tunisia - representing lessthan one percent of the world's merchant shipping fleet. This was despite the fact that States

could become Party to the Convention by only ratifying Annexes I (oil) and II (chemicals). Annexes III to V, covering harmful goods in packaged form, sewage and garbage, were optional.



1978 Conference

In 1978, in response to a spate of tanker accidents in 1976-1977, IMO held aConference on Tanker Safety and Pollution Prevention in February 1978

More importantly in terms of achieving the entry into force of MARPOL,

the 1978 MARPOL Protocol allowed States to become Party to the Conventionby first implementing Annex I (oil), as it was decided that Annex II (chemicals)would not become binding until three years after the Protocol entered into force.



Annex I: Prevention of pollution by oil

Entry into force: 2 October 1983The 1973 Convention maintained the oil discharge criteria prescribed in the1969 amendments to the 1954 Oil Pollution Convention, without substantialchanges, namely:Operational discharges of oil from tankers are allowed only when all of the

following conditions are met:1. the total quantity of oil which a tanker may discharge in any ballast voyagewhilst under way must not exceed 1/15,000 of the total cargo carrying capacityof the vessel;2. the rate at which oil may be discharged must not exceed 60 litres per miletravelled by the ship; and

3. no discharge of any oil whatsoever must be made from the cargo spacesof a tanker within 50 miles of the nearest land.

*An oil record book is required, in which is recorded the movement of cargo oiland its residues from loading to discharging on a tank-to-tank basis.



"special areas"

A new and important feature of the 1973 Convention was the concept of "special areas" which are considered to be so vulnerable to pollution by oilthat oil discharges within them have been completely prohibited, with minor

and well-defined exceptions. The 1973 Convention identified the Mediterranean

Sea, the Black Sea, and the Baltic Sea, the Red Sea and the Gulfs area asspecial areas. All oil-carrying ships are required to be capable of operating

the method of retaining oily wastes on board through the "load on top" systemor for discharge to shore reception facilities.



Pollution prevention EqipmentsThis involves the fitting of appropriate equipment, including an oil-discharge

monitoring and control system, oily-water separating equipment and a filteringsystem, slop tanks, sludge tanks, piping and pumping arrangements.

segregated ballast tanksSegregated ballast tanks (SBT) are required on all new tankers of 20,000 dwt

and above, must be fitted with segregated ballast tanks large enough to provideadequate operating draught without the need to carry ballast water

in cargo oil tanks.Protocol also required SBTs to be protectively located - that is, they must be

positioned in such a way that they will help protect the cargo tanks in the eventof a collision or grounding.

damage stability requirementsnew oil tankers are required to meet certain subdivision and damage stabilityrequirements so that, in any loading conditions, they can survive after damage

by collision or stranding.



MARPOL

Annex1



ChapterChapter II –– GeneralGeneral

RegulationRegulation 11 DefinitionsDefinitions

RegulationRegulation

22

ApplicationApplication

RegulationRegulation 33 EquivalentsEquivalents

RegulationRegulation 44 SurveysSurveys andand inspectionsinspections

RegulationRegulation 55 IssueIssue oror endorsementendorsement of of CertificateCertificate

RegulationRegulation 66 IssueIssue oror endorsementendorsement of of CertificateCertificate byby

anotheranother GovernmentGovernmentRegulationRegulation 7 Form of 7 Form of CertificateCertificate

RegulationRegulation 88 DurationDuration andand validityvalidity of of CertificateCertificate

RegulationRegulation 8A8A PortPort StateState controlcontrol onon operationaloperationalrequirementsrequirements



ChapterChapter IIII -- RequirementsRequirements forfor controlcontrol of of operationaloperational pollutionpollutionRegulationRegulation 99 ControlControl of of dischargedischarge of of oiloil

RegulationRegulation 1010 MethodsMethods forfor thethe preventionprevention of of oiloil pollutionpollution

fromfrom shipsships whilewhile operatingoperating inin specialspecial areasareasRegulationRegulation 1111 ExceptionsExceptions

RegulationRegulation 1212 ReceptionReception facilitiesfacilities

RegulationRegulation 1313 SegregatedSegregated ballastballast tankstanks,, dedicateddedicated cleanclean

ballastballast tankstanks andand crudecrude oiloil washingwashing

RegulationRegulation 13A13A RequirementsRequirements forfor oiloil tankerstankers withwithdedicateddedicated cleanclean ballastballast tankstanks

RegulationRegulation 13B13B RequirementsRequirements forfor crudecrude oiloil washingwashing

RegulationRegulation 13C13C ExistingExisting tankerstankers engagedengaged inin specificspecific tradestrades

RegulationRegulation 13D13D ExistingExisting oiloil tankerstankers havinghaving specialspecial ballastballast

arrangementsarrangementsRegulationRegulation 13E13E ProtectiveProtective locationlocation of of segregatedsegregated ballastballast

spacesspaces

RegulationRegulation 13F13F PreventionPrevention of of oiloil pollutionpollution inin thethe eventevent of of

collisioncollision oror strandingstranding

RegulationRegulation 13G13G PreventionPrevention of of oiloil pollutionpollution inin thethe eventevent of of

collisioncollision oror strandingstranding -- MeasuresMeasures forfor existingtankersexistingtankers



RegulationRegulation 1414 SegregationSegregation of of oiloil andand waterwaterballastballast andand carriagecarriage of of oiloil inin forepeakforepeak tankstanks

RegulationRegulation 1515 RetentionRetention of of oiloil on boardon boardRegulationRegulation 1616 OilOil dischargedischarge monitoringmonitoring andand

controlcontrol systemsystem andand oiloil filteringfiltering equipmentequipment

RegulationRegulation 1717 TanksTanks forfor oiloil residuesresidues ((sludgesludge))

RegulationRegulation 1818 PumpingPumping,, pipingpiping andand dischargedischargearrangementsarrangements of of oiloil tankerstankers

RegulationRegulation 19 Standard19 Standard dischargedischarge connectionconnection

RegulationRegulation 2020 OilOil RecordRecord BookBookRegulationRegulation 2121 SpecialSpecial requirementsrequirements forfor drillingdrillingrigsrigs andand otherother platformsplatforms



ChapterChapter IIIIII -- RequirementsRequirements forforminimizingminimizing oiloil pollutionpollution fromfromoiloil tankerstankers duedue toto sideside andand

bottombottom damagesdamagesRegulationRegulation 2222 DamageDamage assumptionsassumptions

RegulationRegulation 2323 HypotheticalHypothetical outflowoutflow of of oiloil

RegulationRegulation 2424 LimitationLimitation of sizeof size andand

arrangementarrangement of of cargocargo tankstanksRegulationRegulation 2525 SubdivisionSubdivision andand stabilitystability

RegulationRegulation 25A25A IntactIntact stabilitystability



ChapterChapter IVIV -- PreventionPrevention of of

pollutionpollution arisingarising fromfrom anan oiloilpollutionpollution incidentincident

RegulationRegulation 2626 ShipboardShipboard oiloilpollutionpollution emergencyemergency planplan



AppendicesAppendices toto UnifiedUnified InterpretationsInterpretations of of AnnexAnnex IIAppendixAppendix 11 GuidanceGuidance toto AdministrationsAdministrations concerningconcerning draughtsdraughts

recommendedrecommended forfor segregatedsegregated ballastballast tankerstankers belowbelow 150 m in150 m inlengthlength

AppendixAppendix 22 InterimInterim recommendationsrecommendations forfor aa unifiedunified interpretationinterpretationof of regulationregulation 13E13E

AppendixAppendix 33 EquivalentEquivalent provisionsprovisions forfor thethe carriagecarriage of of oiloil byby aachemicalchemical tankertanker

AppendixAppendix 44 ConnectionConnection of of smallsmall diameterdiameter lineline toto thethe manifoldmanifoldvalvevalve

AppendixAppendix 55 SpecificationsSpecifications forfor thethe designdesign,, installationinstallation andandoperationoperation of aof a partpart flowflow systemsystem forfor controlcontrol of of overboardoverboard

dischargesdischargesAppendixAppendix 66 OffshoreOffshore platformplatform dischargesdischarges

AppendixAppendix 77 InterimInterim guidelinesguidelines forfor thethe approvalapproval of of alternativealternativemethodsmethods of of designdesign andand constructionconstruction of of oiloil tankerstankers underunderregulationregulation 13F(5) of 13F(5) of AnnexAnnex I of MARPOL 73/78I of MARPOL 73/78

AppendixAppendix 88 GuidelinesGuidelines forfor approvalapproval of of alternativealternative structuralstructural oror

operationaloperational

arrangementsarrangements

asas

calledcalled

forfor

in MARPOL 73/78,in MARPOL 73/78,

AnnexAnnex I,I, regulationregulation 13G(7)13G(7)AppendixAppendix 99 InterpretationInterpretation of of requirementsrequirements forfor applicationapplication of of

hydrostatichydrostatic balancebalance loadingloading inin cargocargo tankstanks ((resolutionresolutionMEPC.64(36))MEPC.64(36))



Regulation 2

Application

Unlessexpresslyprovided otherwise, theprovisionsof thisAnnexshall apply toall ships.



RegulationRegulation 99 ControlControl of of

dischargedischarge of of oiloil



Regulation 11Exceptions

Regulations9 and10 of thisAnnexshall not apply to:

(a) Thedischargeintotheseaof oil or oilymixturenecessaryfor thepurposeof securingthesafetyof a ship or savinglifeatsea; or(b) Thedischargeintotheseaof oil or oilymixtureresulting

fromdamagetoa ship or itsequipment:(i) Provided that all reasonableprecautionshavebeen takenafter theoccurrenceof thedamageor discoveryof thedischargefor thepurposeof preventingor minimizingthedischarge; and(ii) Except if theowner or theMaster acted either with intent tocausedamage, or recklesslyandwith knowledgethat damagewould probably result; or



(c) Thedischarge into thesea of substances containing oil,approved by the Administration, when being used for thepurpose of combating specific pollution incidents in ordertominimize thedamagefrompollution.



Regulation 12Reception facilities

(1) the Government of each Party undertakes toensure the provision at oil loading terminals, repair

ports, and in other ports in which ships have oilyresiduestodischarge, of facilities for thereception of such residues and oily mixtures as remain from oil

tankers and other ships adequate to meet the needsof theships using them without causing unduedelaytoships.



2) Thecapacity of thesegregated:-the ship may operate safely on ballast voyages

without recourse to the use of oil tanks for waterballast



-the conditions consisting of lightweight plussegregated ballast only, the ship's draughts and trimcan meet each of thefollowingrequirements:

(a) The moulded draught amidships (dm) in metresshall not be lessthan: dm = 2.0 + 0.02L;

(b) the trim by the stern of not greater than 0.015L;and

(c) full immersion of thepropeller(s).



l i



Regulation 14

Segregation of oil and water ballast

---in newshipsof 4,000 tonsgrosstonnageandabove

other than oil tankers, and---in newoil tankersof 150 tonsgrosstonnageandabove, no ballast water shall be carried in anyoil fuel

tank.Where abnormal conditions or the need to carry large quantitiesof oil fuel render it necessary to carry ballast water which is not a

clean ballast in any oil fuel tank, such ballast water shall bedischarged to reception facilities or into the sea in compliancewith Regulation 9 usingtheequipment and an entry shall be madein theOil Record Book tothiseffect.



Regulation 16Oil dischargemonitoringand control

systemandoily-water separatingequipment

(1) Any ship of 400 tonsgrosstonnageand aboveshallbe fitted with an oily-water separatingequipment or

filteringsystem.



(2) Any ship of 10,000 tons gross tonnage andaboveshall be fitted:

(a) paragraph (1) plus an oil dischargemonitoringand control systemcomplyingor

(b) As an alternative to the requirements of paragraph (1) and sub-paragraph (2)(a) , withan oily-water separating equipment and aneffectivefilteringsystem,



Regulation 17 Tanksfor oil residues(sludge)

(1) Every ship of 400 tons gross tonnage and aboveshall be provided with a tank or tanks of adequate

capacity, havingregard tothetypeof machinery andlength of voyage, to receive the oily residues(sludges) such as those resulting from the

purification of fuel and lubricating oils and oilleakagesin themachineryspaces.



Regulation 18Pumping, pipingand discharge

arrangementsof oil tankers

(1) In every oil tanker, a dischargemanifold

for connexion to reception facilities for thedischarge of dirty ballast water or oilcontaminated water shall be located on the

open deck on both sidesof theship.



Regulation 19Standard dischargeconnection



Regulation 20Oil Record Book

(1)--Every oil tanker of 150 tons gross tonnage andaboveand

---every ship of 400 tons gross tonnage and aboveother than an oil tanker shall be provided with an

Oil Record Book,



(2) TheOil Record Book shall be completed on eachoccasion, on a tank-to-tank basis, whenever any of thefollowingoperationstakeplacein theship;

(a) For oil tankers

(i) Loadingof oil cargo;

(ii) Internal transfer of oil cargoduringvoyage;

(iii) Opening or closing beforeand after loading andunloading operations of valves or similar deviceswhich inter-connect cargotanks;



(iv) Openingor closingof meansof communicationbetween cargopipingand seawater ballast piping;

(v) Openingor closingof ships' sidevalvesbefore,duringand after loadingand unloadingoperations;

(vi) Unloadingof oil cargo;

(vii) Ballastingof cargotanks;

(viii) Cleaningof cargotanks;



(ix) Dischargeof ballast except fromsegregatedballast tanks;

(x) Dischargeof water fromslop tanks;

(xi) Disposal of residues;

(xii) Dischargeoverboard of bilge water which hasaccumulated in machineryspaceswhilst in port,

andtheroutinedischargeat seaof bilge waterwhich has accumulated in machineryspaces.

(b) For shipsother than oil tankers



(b) For shipsother than oil tankers

(i) Ballastingor cleaningof fuel oil tanksor oilcargospaces;

(ii) Dischargeof ballast or cleaningwater fromtanksreferred tounder (i) of thissub-paragraph;

(iii) Disposal of residues;

(iv) Dischargeoverboard of bilge water which has

accumulated in machineryspaceswhilst in port,andtheroutinedischargeat seaof bilge waterwhich has accumulated in machinery spaces.



3) In the event of such discharge of oil or oilymixture as is referred to in Regulation 11 of thisAnnex or in the event of accidental or other

exceptional discharge of oil not excepted by thatRegulation, a statement shall be made in the OilRecord Book of the circumstances of, and the

reasonsfor, thedischarge.



(4) Each operation described in paragraph (2) of thisRegulation shall be fully recorded without delay in theOil Record Book sothat all theentriesin thebook

appropriatetothat operation arecompleted.

Each section of thebook shall be signed by theofficer

or officers in chargeof theoperationsconcerned andshall be countersigned by theMaster of theship.



The entries in the Oil Record Book shall be inan official languageof theStatewhose flag theship is entitled to fly, and, for ships holding an

International Oil Pollution PreventionCertificate(1973) in English or French.

The entries in an official national language of the State whose flag the ship is entitled to flyshall prevail in case of a dispute or

discrepancy.



(5) The Oil Record Book shall be kept in such aplace as to be readily available for inspection at all

reasonable times and, except in the case of unmanned ships under tow, shall be kept on boardtheship.

It shall be preserved for a period of three yearsafter thelast entryhas been made.



(6) The competent authority of the Government of aParty to the Convention may inspect the Oil RecordBook on board any ship to which this Annex applies

while the ship is in its port or offshore terminals andmay make a copy of any entry in that book and mayrequire theMaster of theship to certify that thecopy

is a truecopyof such entry.



Any copy so made which has been certified by theMaster of theship as a truecopy of an entry in theship's Oil Record Book shall be madeadmissible inany judicial proceedings as evidence of the factsstated in theentry. Theinspection of an Oil RecordBook and the taking of a certified copy by thecompetent authority under this paragraph shall beperformed as expeditiously as possible withoutcausingtheship tobe unduly delayed.



APPENDIX I

LIST OF OILS*Asphalt solutionsBlendingstocksRoofersfluxStraight runresidueOilsClarifiedCrudeoilMixturescontainingcrudeoilDiesel oil

Fuel oil No. 4Fuel oil No. 5Fuel oil No. 6Residual fuel oilRoadoil

Transformer oilAromaticoil (excludingvegetableoil)

LubricatingoilsandblendingstocksMineral oilMotor oilPenetratingoil

Spindleoil TurbineoilDistillatesStraightrunFlashedfeedstocks

GasoilCrackedGasolineblendingstocksAlkylates- fuelReformatesPolymer - fuel

Gasolines

Casinghead(natural)AutomotiveAviationStraightrunFuel oil No. 1 (kerosene)Fuel oil No. 1-DFuel oil No. 2Fuel oil No. 2-D

J et fuels JP-1 (kerosene) JP-3

JP-4 JP-5 (kerosene, heavy) Turbo fuelKeroseneMineral spiritNaphthaSolventPetroleumHeartcutdistillateoil

* Thelistof oilsshall not necessarilybe consideredas comprehensive. [Footnoteappearedin original text.]



TheThe 20032003 AmenedmentsAmenedmentsAdoptionAdoption: 4: 4 DecemberDecember 20032003EntryEntry intointo forceforce: April 2005: April 2005

UnderUnder aa revisedrevised regulationregulation 13G of 13G of AnnexAnnex IIof MARPOL,of MARPOL, thethe finalfinal phasingphasing--outout datedate forfor

CategoryCategory 11 tankerstankers ((prepre--MARPOLMARPOL tankerstankers))isis broughtbrought forwardforward toto 2005,2005, fromfrom 2007.2007.TheThe finalfinal phasingphasing--outout datedate forfor categorycategory 22

andand 33 tankerstankers (MARPOL(MARPOL tankerstankers andandsmallersmaller tankerstankers) is) is broughtbrought forwardforward toto2010,2010, fromfrom 2015.2015.

marpol introduction 002

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