law refugee aug232016.class1 (2) · • public international law: law between sovereign nation...
TRANSCRIPT
Corri Zoli, Ph.D.Director of Research/
Assistant Research ProfessorInstitute for National Security and Counterterrorism (INSCT)
College of Law/Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs
LAW831:INTERNATIONAL REFUGEE&ASYLUM LAW &POLICY
INTRODUCTION: Geopolitical Trends
Understanding the Current Landscape
Aug 21, 2017: Week 1
CONTENTS:
1. Inquiry: Why study the international legal dimensions to the movement of peoples today?
2. Why are people on the move today & how significant is the problem?
3. Do we know its causes? Solutions?4. What role can law and policy play?5. Interdisciplinary approach of the course…
Q2. DATA & CONTEXT:Why are people moving today & how big is the problem?
v Unprecedented 65+Mpeoplegloballyareforciblydisplacedfromhomes—surpassedthe50Mforciblydisplaced(2013)duringWWII,theerathatbroughtustheRefugeeConventionof1951.
v Amongthese,22Marerefugees—morethan50%under18:childrenareremarkablyvulnerableinthisnewera.
v 10Mstatelesspeople deniednationalityandaccesstobasicrightsofeducation,healthcare,employmentandfreedomofmovement—globalizationanditschallengesareerodingestablishedpoliticalcategoriesofbelonging.
vTrendlines&totalsv Historyv Source&HostNations
UNHCR2015data
UNHCR2015data
UNHCR2016data
Totalnumbersbycategoryofperson,2010-2016
History:ForcedMigration
2016
Q3. CAUSES? IMPLIED SOLUTIONS?
vConflict & postconflict transitionvPersecution, OppressionvEconomicsvClimate change?vGovernance & repressionvLack of rule of law
Globalsecuritythreatsanddesignations
Top 10 EU countries receiving asylum applications, Jan-Sept 2015
EU TERRORISTATTACKS
2015-2017Paris2015(130KIA):9ISIS,mostBelgian-FrenchofArabdescent;2Iraqis;exploitedimmigrationcrisis,Syrianpassports,flows,bordersNice2016(86KIA):ISISTunisianBouhlel;5accomplices,mostFrench-Tunisian;smuggledmoneytofamilyinTunisia(criminal-terrorismnexus)Brussels2016airport&metro:(32KIA)ISIS5attackers,4Belgian-Moroccan,1SwedishSyrian,leader(Abaaoud operatedinSyria)Manchesterattacks2017:SalmanAbedi,Libyan-Brit,traveledtoLibya,knowntoMI5
Multi-Source Data Trends: Religion• Christians&Muslims,world’s
largestgroups,mostwidelyharassedfaiths:102and99states,respectively.
• Religiouspersecution&hostility(discrimination,violence)ontheriseglobally—withsomestandoutvictims(minorities)
• Anti-Semitismincrease:“therehasbeenamarkedincreaseinthenumberofcountrieswhereJewswereharassed,”to77,apeak.Theproblemismoresocialthangovernment,andisevidentin34of45European nations.
Religion=“FirstFreedom”(i.e.FirstAmendment)enablingothercivilliberties;hence,religiousdiscriminationisgatewayindicator ofrisingstate/socialoppression.
Q4: ROLE OF LAW?What role can law and policy play? Interdisciplinary approach of the course…• PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW:Lawbetweensovereignnationstatesincontextsofwar,peace,security,andprotectionofterritories.• INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW:Internationallawthatgovernsthemovementofpeoplebetweenstates.• INTERNATIONAL REFUGEE &ASYLUM LAW:Lawcoveringforcedmigrationanddisplacement
Public International Law
1951 United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of
Refugees
International humanitarian lawInternational human rights law
International criminal law
Other instruments (Torture, Smuggling)
Regional Law
Domestic Law
Soft Law; UNHCR
PrivateInternationalLaw
Conflictoflaws
Legal Definition of RefugeeArt. 1 of the Convention as amended by 1967 Protocol:
“A person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it.”
Q4: COMPARATIVE LAW? GLOBAL LEGALISM
International rule of law, built global systems of laws and institutions, effective even in the absence of legitimate institutions of governance.
SOME SUCCESS STORIES…
A NOTE ON DATA(UNHCR)
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, also known as the UN Refugee Agency,