keynote presentation fracture diagnostics for well design · 2016. 9. 7. · – for conventional...
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Keynote PresentationFracture Diagnostics for Well Design
Christine Ehlig-Economides, University of Houston
Statistical Approach
• Drill 1000 or more wells, and use statistics as a guide for well design.
• Never mind about collecting good data.
• Never mind about formation characteristics or well design.
• Just use trendology to minimize uncertainty.
ARMA 13-289Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 2
Recovery Factor Relation to EUR• EUR is forecast recovery to abandonment rate or
pressure• Recovery factor – RF – is fraction of hydrocarbon in
place– For conventional reservoir RF relates to IOIP or IGIP– If done on a resource basis instead of a well drainage (SRV)
basis, the RF could be much smaller
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 3
Fracture Diagnostics for Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides
Target Well Design
4
What Makes a Good Well• Sweet spot• Drilling execution• Hydraulic fracture execution
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 5
Sweet Spot
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 6
bbl/month
0 – 2000
2000 – 4000
4000 – 8000
8000 – 16000
16000 - 100000
Sweet Spot
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 7
Black Oil Wells
Volatile Oil Wells
Gas Condensate Wells
Dry Gas Wells
Sweet Spot
www.gshtx.org
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 8
Total Organic Carbon (TOC)
sideritedolomitecalcitemeasuredTOC
ppm
CCCCC
ppmUIf
−−−=
> )4(Pemper et al. ,2009 www.nationalpetrographic.com
from geochemical logs from core samples
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 9
Drilling Execution
Potential Landing Zones Identification
• Zone A: Secondary siliceous interval, 6-8% porosity, higher resistivity, lower in-situ stresses, good steerable markers.
• Zone B: Primary siliceous interval 6-8% porosity, thicker pay interval, lower in-situ stresses.
SPE 144425
11700
11750
11800
11850
11900
11950
12000
12050
12100
12150
12200
1
2
12433.52
12002.8711975.2412022.82
11679.05
11105.31
11342.7911655.96
11854.0911539.76
12051.1411402.65
12048.1311358.81
11989 46
1.33
0.161.200.00
0.49
0.18
1.650.09
0.950.00
2.410.00
2.090.00
1 88Borehole
-0.25 0.25g/cc
0.1 100
0.1 100
30 100
-10 10
0 300api
-80 20mV
4 14
0 300
0 300api
0 300api
0 300
18.621 175.796api
150 0api
2 200ohmm
2 200ohmm
2 200ohmm
2 200ohmm
2 200ohmm
0.5 -0.1
0.5 -0.1
0.5 -0.1
0.5 -0.1
0.5 -0.1
0 5
1000 0
0 5
0.000 0.5
1.000 0
0.6 0.61
0 60
0 7000lbs
0.000 20
0 0.5
0 10
0 15000
0 1000
-1000 1000
0 0.5
0 10
0 15000
0 10000000
0.000 0.5
0.000 0.5
0 20
0 20
400 0
400 0
400 0
400 0
400 0
A
B
Shale Logging Suite
10Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides
Fracture Calibration Injection Falloff Test
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides
?Final Closure
Final Closure
Transverse Storage
Initial Closure
Initial Closure
Tip Extension
Tip Extension
Linear flow
Radial flow assumption implies wrong permeability and pore pressure
Hydraulic Fracture Execution
11
SPE-181856
Slide 12
SPE-181856
Fracture Calibration Injection Falloff Test
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides
Hydraulic Fracture Execution
12
Hydraulic Fracture Execution
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 13
• Mechanical Specific Energy (MSE) from drilling measurements and mud motor parameters
• Facies-based cluster positions to enable uniform breakdown pressure
Perforation Cluster Positioning
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides
• Hydraulic fracture planes propagate perpendicular to minimum stress independent of the horizontal well direction.
• Operators frequently drill horizontal wells in other directions.
σmin
SPE 170965
Well Trajectory
Hydraulic Fracture Execution
14
Slide 15
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides
ARMA 13-289
Well PerformanceWell DirectionMontney Shale Gas Wells
Hydraulic Fracture Execution
15
Fracture Diagnostics• Microseismic• Production Data
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 16
Microseismic Survey
Baihly et al., 2007, SPE 110067
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 17
Microseismic SRV
Baihly et al., 2007, SPE 110067
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 18
Microseismic SRV
Baihly et al., 2007, SPE 110067
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 19
Propped SRV
Baihly et al., 2007, SPE 110067
Based on reported 600 ft well spacing
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 20
Productive SRVContinuum Model from Production Data
Baihly et al., 2007, SPE 110067
Volume from PDA
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 21
Alternative Productive SRVIsolated Fracture Model from Production Data
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 22Baihly et al., 2007, SPE 110067
Volume from PDA
Modified from Baihly et al., 2007, SPE 110067
Modified from Baihly et al., 2007, SPE 110067
Continuum
Isolated Fractures
Produced Volume from BDF
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 23
SPE 166152 Vera
Production Data – Isolated Well
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 24
Match with Pressure Dependent Permeability Model
Production Data
SPE 144031
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 25
Sequential BU Analysis
Slide 26Production Data – Pilot Wells
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 26SPE-174998
Wells with Different Model Matches (after 6-12 mo on production)
Slide 27
pseudolinear flow
pseudo pseudosteady state(~1000hr)
Model: homogenous formation with boundary
Fracture half length: 87m Permeability: 800nd
SRV (pore volume): 0.448×106m3
Production Data
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 27
SPE-174998
Well 8-2 Model Match with Small Apparent Fracture Length
Critical rate: 12×104 m3
Well 8-3 Starts Producing
Well 8-3 fracturing interference with Well 8-2
Production Data
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 28
SPE-176910
Interference while Fracturing
Well 8-3 starts fracturing
Well 8-3 starts production
Production DataBarnett Shale Gas Well Interference Example
SPE 152224
Layout of Primary and Infill for Pad A Production Data from Well 1
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 29
High Salinity Flowback Water
Slide 30
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides
Ghanbari et al. (2013)
Zolfaghari et al. (2014)
Production Data
30
Production Data – Drawdown Management
31
Petrohawk Red River Shale Example
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides
Production Data – Drawdown Management
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 32
SPE 154692
Haynesville Shale Productivity Loss
Production Data – Drawdown Management
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 33
Choke Effect on Eagle Ford Shale Well
Pioneer
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design• Production data require time.• Wells have been drilled and completed without
definitive diagnostics.
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 34
Play Development
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 35
• Factory Drilling• Recovery Factor• Enhanced Oil Recovery
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides
Laredo Petroleum Presentation
• Horizontal well length• Spacing between horizontal wells
‒ Lateral‒ Vertical
• Spacing between hydraulic fractures
Stacked Lateral Completions with Pad Drilling
Factory Drilling
36
After Thomas et al. (2014)
Bakken Waterflood Pilot Production in Offset-East Well
SPE-180270
Enhanced Oil Recovery
37Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides
Thomas et al. (2014)
Lower Shaunavon shale pilot waterflood
?
Enhanced Oil Recovery
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 38
Enhanced Oil Recovery
Fracture Diagnostics and Well Design – C. Ehlig-Economides 39
Modified Zipper Fracture Waterflood Well Pattern
SPE 167056
Enhanced Oil Recovery
40
• Current pattern wells – Preclude displacement processes– Huff and puff possible
• Proposed infill injection well pattern using existing well
Horizontal production well
Horizontal injection well
Horizontal injection well
Horizontal production well
Horizontal injection well
Horizontal injection well
Vertical lines are hydraulic fracture planes; blue for injection wells, green for production wells
Wells drilled in minimum stress direction
Wells not drilled in minimum stress direction
σmin
σmin
Thank You / Questions
Slide 41