intoduction to circuit maker

8/18/2019 Intoduction to Circuit Maker

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140072H – B.H.A.R.A. Bangamuarachchi

140083R – A.P.L.D.T.S. Chathuranga

140075U – T. Beniel

140077 –


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CONTENTS

Introduction to Circuit Maker .................................................................................. 2

Introdution to Spice ................................................................................................ 2

Simple Zener Regulated DC power supply ............................................................ 3

Voltage across R1 for the sinusoidal signal ....................................................... 3

Voltage across R1 for the sinusoidal signal for half way rectifier ....................... 3

Voltage across R1 for the added capacitor across R1 with half way rectifier . 4

Voltage across R1 after changing 1k into 10k ................................................ 4

Voltage across R1 after changing Capacitor from 10µF to 1µF ..................... 5

Response for the AM-modulated signal through HWR ...................................... 6

The variance of output signals from a regulator when the R(surge) is varying. . 7

Voltage Doubler ..................................................................................................... 8

Half Wave Doubler circuit ................................................................................... 8

Full Wave Doubler circiut .................................................................................... 9

Comparing Half Wave Doubler and Full Wave Doubler ............................... 10

To get a smoother output: ............................................................................. 10

Voltage tripler circuit ......................................................................................... 11

DC Clipping Circuit ............................................................................................... 13

Clipping At 2V and -3V ..................................................................................... 13

Clipping At 4V and 1V ...................................................................................... 14


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INTRODUCTION TO CIRCUIT MAKER

Circuit Maker is a software which allows the user to design and simulate electronic circuits before building them in physical form. It is possible to determine the whole output of a circuit, as well as to determine properties of individual components through this software.

The software we use is a student version of the original Circuit Maker software which is a free edition. Circuit Maker uses a SPICE engine to simulate complex circuits and analyse outputs and properties. With circuit maker circuits can be simulated using inbuilt library components and the Voltage response and Current response of the circuit. Then the response can be observed by plotted graphs or taking readings.

INTRODUTION TO SPICE

The word SPICE stands for ‘Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis’ and it is a powerful simulation software that is used to determine the behaviour of analogue electronic circuits. Simulation is an important part of circuit manufacturing because should there be any error in the circuit, it is very difficult to correct it after the circuit is physically created. Furthermore when the complexity of an electronic circuit exceeds a certain level it becomes almost impractical to determine the output by manual calculations.

SPICE simulation engine was developed at Electronics Research Laboratory of the University of California and it provides advantage of accurately predicting the outcome of the circuit. This simulation software provides circuit designers the opportunity to predict errors that are always met in real world environment.

SPICE is capable of AC analysis, DC analysis, noise analysis, transient analysis and includes many more analytical solutions.


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SIMPLE ZENER REGULATED DC POWER SUPPLY

VOLTAGE ACROSS R1 FOR THE SINUSOIDAL SIGNAL

VOLTAGE ACROSS R1 FOR THE SINUSOIDAL SIGNAL FOR HALF WAVE RECTIFIER


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VOLTAGE ACROSS R1 FOR THE ADDED CAPACITOR ACROSS R1 WITH HALF WAY RECTIFIER

VOLTAGE ACROSS R1 AFTER CHANGING 1K INTO 10 K


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VOLTAGE ACROSS R1 AFTER CHANGING CAPACITOR FROM 10µF TO 1µF

Comparison between 10µF capacitor, 1k resistor configuration vs. 1µF capacitor, 10k resistor configuration:

With above two configurations the output voltage is plotted in the same

graph as given below. It can be observed that the output voltage is almost

same for both configurations.


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RESPONSE FOR THE AM‐MODULATED SIGNAL THROUGH HWR


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THE VARIANCE OF OUTPUT SIGNALS FROM A REGULATOR WHEN THE R(SURGE) IS VARYING.


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VOLTAGE DOUBLER

HALF WAVE DOUBLER CIRCUIT

A C

B


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FULL WAVE DOUBLER CIRCIUT


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COMPARING HALF WAVE DOUBLER AND FULL WAVE DOUBLER

So as per the graph we can see that ripple frequency of the output wave is same as the input in the half wave doubler and it’s twice as the supply in the full wave doubler. So that we can see that in half wave doubler

uses only positive or negative half cycle to go up to maximum voltage

across the load resistor and in the other half cycle the capacitor discharges. But in full wave doubler it uses both half cycles. So we can conclude that we can see the same behavior in half wave rectifier and full wave rectifier as well.

TO GET A SMOOTHER OUTPUT:

For this we can increase the capacitance values of the 2 capacitors


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After changing both capacitors from 1µF to 100µF:

VOLTAGE TRIPLER CIRCUIT


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DC CLIPPING CIRCUIT

CLIPPING AT 2V AND ‐3V


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CLIPPING AT 4V AND 1V

intoduction to circuit maker

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