Cyberphysical Systems – Design Challenges

Sumanth BhatIIIT-B

23 June 2015

Connected doesn’t always mean useful…

Source : www.internetofuselessthings.io

Recap from last week...

Computing + Networking forms the crux of CPS

Design Challenges

Design Challenges: An embedded system perspective

1. Abstraction issues2. Timing issues3. Architecture models4. Miniaturization and Energy efficiency5. Precision6. Security & Privacy7. Standardization

1. Abstraction Layers• Too many abstraction layers present

• Results in loss of predictability and reliability

• OS layer creates non-deterministic behavior

Failure of abstraction – if it does not capture essential behaviors of the system.

2. Timing Issues• Programming-language(C) is devoid of timing semantics

• RTOS is presumed to deliver precision timing

• But WCET (Worst Case Execution Time) is determined by bench testing.

• Addition of network layer in CPS introduces heavy timing issues

• FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH is needed to introduce timing semantics in all abstraction layers

3. Architecture Models

• Awareness amongst machines• Inspired by social and biological models• Genetic algorithms / Neural

network• Scalability issues

4. Miniaturization and Energy efficiency• Applications like “Smart-Dust” require miniature computing devices• Need for long lasting embedded systems – hence energy efficiency• Self-powered systems?

5. Precision

• CPS need precision that is unprecedented in history

• Is there a need for shifting towards Decimal floating point computation ? (Since binary floating point representation is not accurate)

• New computation methods

6. Security & Privacy

7. Standardization

• A large number of heterogeneous devices (Interoperability issues)• Standardization needs to happen on different service layers

References

• Cyber Physical Systems : Design Challenges, E.A.Lee (2008)• Drivers and challenges of CPS, Prof. Sabina Jeshcke, RWTH Aachen• Is there a need for better computers? Prof. Poonacha PG• Various sources from the Internet