infection challenges ahead to junior residents

8/10/2019 Infection Challenges ahead to Junior Residents

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INFECTION

CHLLENGES AHEAD

?Dr.T.V.Rao MD


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INFECTION IS GREAT

THREAT TO LIFEThe great threat to Life is Infection in spite of manyMedical advances

The Morbidity and Mortality in Developing

countries is much higher many patients areilliterate and poor, so really we do not work

on this area as there is no Accountability

With advances and use misuse of Antibiotics,unhygienic practices lead to spread of Hospital

acquired infections have become a threat even in

Developed countries


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Life is experience start learning

The TIME IS TICKING


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My Friends we are moving from

Microbiology to Infection


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Transmission of Infections

Infections can be transmitted through a

variety of routes from one part of your body

to another, or from person to person, fromthe environment, food or even animals.

People can become infected by contact

touching something or someone; by

breathing something in or by swallowingsomething, or infections can be introduced

through a cut or wound


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Do we Spread Infections?

Despite our best intentions, healthprofessionals sometimes act as

vectors of disease, disseminatingnew infections among theirunsuspecting clients. Attention to

simple preventive strategies maysignificantly reduce diseasetransmission rates


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Infection a threat to LifeModern medicine has led

to dramatic changes in

infectious diseases

practice. Vaccination and

antibiotic therapy havebenefited millions of

persons. However,

constrained resources

now threaten our ability to

adequately managethreats of infectious

1 Influenza

2 Tuberculosis


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WHO IS INCHARGE OF

INFECTIONInfection control programmes are cost-effective, but their implementation is

often hindered by a lack of support from

administrators and poor compliance by

doctors, nurses, and other health

workers. Some health professionals

suffer from the Omo syndromeabelief that they are always super clean

and sterile


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MOST LIFE THREATING INFECTIONS

CAN BE PREVENTED -

RARELY CUREDJust think How much we can cure these Infections

Hepatitis B and C

HIV Infection

Influenza

Today EBOLA


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ARE OUR HANDS CLEAN

JUSTNOThe hands of staff arethe commonest

vehicles by which

microorganisms aretransmitted between

patients. Hand

washing is accepted

as the single most

important measure in

infection


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Hand washingThe hands of staff are the

commonest vehicles by which

microorganisms are transmittedbetween patients Hand washing

is accepted as the single most

important measure in

infection control


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When should you wash

your hands?

Before eating food

Before and after caring for someone who is sick

Before and after treating a cut or wound

After using the toilet

After blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing


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How should you wash

your hands?Wet your hands with clean, running water (warm or cold),turn off the tap, and apply soap.

Lather your hands by rubbing them together with the soap.Be sure to lather the backs of your hands, between yourfingers, and under your nails.

Scrub your hands for at least 20 seconds. Need a timer?

Rinse your hands well under clean, running water.

Dry your hands using a clean towel or air dry them.


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Steps in Hand Washing


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What to Use for Hand

WashingAlcoholic hand

disinfection is

generally used inEurope, while hand

washing with

medicated soap is

more commonlypractised in the United

States.


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What is the Best Soap to

wash Hands


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Alcohol-based hand rubs are more effective

against most bacteria and many viruses than

either medicated or non-medicated soaps


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CAN I USE THE ALCHOOL

HAND WASHRequire less time to use

Result in a significantlygreater reduction in bacterial

numbers than soap and waterin many clinical situations

Cause less irritation to theskin

Can be made readilyaccessible to HCWs

Are more cost effective


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GlovesGloves are a useful

additional means of

reducing nosocomial

infection, but they

supplement rather thanreplace hand washing.

Possible microbial

contamination of hands

and transmission of

infection has been

reported despite gloves

being worn.


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MasksIt has never been shown thatwearing surgical facemasksdecreases postoperativewound infections. Whenoriginally introduced, theprimary function of thesurgical mask was to preventthe migration ofmicroorganisms residing in

the nose and mouth ofmembers of the operatingteam to the open wound of thepatient.


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USED SYRINGE AND NEEDLE

A threat to LifeThe important pathogens to be considered in this

situation are hepatitis B virus , hepatitis C

virus (HCV) and HIV . It is essential that the healthcare provider be knowledgeable about the risks of

acquisition of these viruses following needle stick

injuries, and the recommendations for management

and follow-up. it is prudent to assume that the needlemay have been contaminated with one or more of

these viruses.


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DO NOT PLAY WITH NEEDLES

WHO reports in the World

Health Report 2002, that of

the 35 million health-care

workers, 2 million experience

percutaneous exposure to

infectious diseases each year.

It further notes that 37.6% of

Hepatitis B, 39% of Hepatitis

C and 4.4% of HIV/AIDS in

Health-Care Workers around

the world are due to needle

stick injuries


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DO NOT RECAP NEEDLES

Needle stick injuries are

a common event in the

healthcare environment.

These injuries also

commonly occur during

needle recapping and as

a result of failure to place

used needles inapproved sharps

containers


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Dealing with Needle Stick

InjuriesEncourage bleeding at the siteof puncture

Wash the wound

Do not scrub the wound whileyou're washing it. This canmake the injury worse.

Never try to suck the wound

Dry and cover the wound. Use asterile material to dry the woundand immediately cover thewound with a waterproof plasteror dressing.


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Dealing with Simple Wounds

A primary concern

Dealing with Trivial injuries without

any Infection control precautions

can be Dangerous

1 Gas gangrene,

2 Tetanus

3 Cellulitis

4 Wound infection with

Staphylococcus


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Dealing with Burn Wounds

A primary concern


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Primary care in handling wounds

makes the difference


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Cut injury Looks simple but

Infections can make difference


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Hospital Acquired Infections

Threat to Life and Reputation of the

HospitalAn infection acquiredin hospital by a patientwho was admitted for

a reason other thanthat infection. Thisincludes infectionsacquired in thehospital but appearing

after discharge, andalso occupationalinfections among staffof the facility


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Hospital Acquired Infections


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Behavioural Changes

Previous studies have

shown that the traditional

approach of lecture-base

education alone does notresult in meaningful

behavioural changes.

Rather it is thought that a

blended learningapproach, with particular

focus on the small group

format is important.


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WHOSE BUSINESS ISINFECTION CONTROL?


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WHO IS INCHARGE OF

INFECTION CONTROL ?


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WE ARE ALL

RESPONSIBLE


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The 10 standard infection

control precautions are

1 Hand Hygiene

2. Personal Protective

Equipment

3. Respiratory and Cough

Hygiene

4. Management of Blood and

Body Fluid Spillage

5. Occupational Exposure

Management


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The 10 standard infection

control precautions are

7. Management of Care

Equipment

8. Providing Care in the MostAppropriate Place

9. Management of Linen

10. Safe Management of

Waste


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UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS

Use UniversalPrecautions. Universalprecautions is an

approach to infectioncontrol to treat all humanblood and certain humanbody fluids as if theywere known to beinfectious for HIV, HBVand other blood bornepathogens,


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Start Practising Hand Hygiene

TODAY IS A GOOD BEGINNINGYou may need to

wash your hands a

number of timesthroughout your

working day pause

now and think of 5

occasions where youmay need to wash

your hands.


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ARE THE FLOWERS SAFE IN THE

HOSPITAL?


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Never Forget Manners makes

a lot of DifferenceMedical profession has beendealing with the repercussionsof bad bedside manner foryears, and anyone whosbeen to the hospital recentlycan tell you there has been amarked change in the waythat medical staff interact withpatients.

The incorporation of empathyskills into medical school andresidency.


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My Friends our Patients are not lifeless

objects

Keep them in good Humour


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MEDICINE IS CHANGING FROM

TRADATIONAL TO MODERN METHODS


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ADVICE FROM MY TEACHRS


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SOCIAL MEDIA AND

INFECTION

The Facebook and Twitter are

well connected with issues on

Infection

Can be connected with me if

you have any clarification you

reach me

Raos Infection

care onFACEBOOK


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Program Created by Dr.T.V.Rao MD for Junior

Residents for effective implementation of

basic skills in Infection prevention Practices

Dr.T.V.Rao MD

Email

[email protected]

infection challenges ahead to junior residents

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