innovation system life sciences indonesia final-pdf
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Life sciencesTRANSCRIPT
Innovation System on Life Science in Indonesia : Current status and Future Challenges
Derry Pantjadarma
Technology Policy Assessment Unit
BPPT-AIST Joint Symposium on Life Science and
Technology Innovation
Bogor, 14 November 2013
Structure
• Innovation system
• Life sciences in Indonesia
• Current status
• Innovation performance
• Youth-focused initiatives
• Innovation policy
• Future challenges
• Concluding remarks
Innovation system
• “..A set of institutions and actors whose interactions determine the performance of creating innovation, diffusion and the associated learning.. ( Metcalfe, 1995, Lundvall 1992, Nelson and Rosenberg 1993 )
• Emphasis on the contextualisation, institutional settings, interactions and learning of actors
Life Sciences
• The essence of mankind ;
• DNA-Protein-Sugar chain-Cell
• Bacteria, Vaccines, Enzymes
• Foundation of health, agriculture, food, industry, environment
• Research-based Innovation
History
• Pioneered by Dutch and English researchers; – In 16th century Jacob Buntius published Herbarium Amboinese a
compendium of flora in Maluku islands. – Thomas Stamford Raffles In 1817 Bogor Botanical Garden – Christian Eijkman established Research laboratory for Pathology and
Bacteriology in 1888 – Establishment of Practical course for Indonesian native nurse.
• The embryo of the School tot Opleiding van Indische Artsen ( STOVIA) established in 1898 which then transformed into Geneeskundige Hoogeschool ( Medical School ) in 1927
– The research institute on crop plantation was established in 1879 ( Cultuurtein) whose responsibility include supporting tea, coffee, tobacco, sugarcane and spices
– Junghuhn developed quinine to cure malaria in 1857 Note : Mr.Eijkman won Nobel Prize in 1929 for his work on the relationship between
vitamin B1 deficiency with beri-beri disease
Natural endowment
• Biodiversity; some largest in the world ( marine and terrestrial )
– Sources of active ingredients, useful bacteria,…..
• Indigenous knowledge ( traditional medicine, herbal and spices, traditional agricultural practices )
Observed Current Status
• Many actors
– Research agencies
– Universities
– Grass root individual researchers
• Fragmented research activities
– Lack of coordination
– Large number of different focuses
– Inefficient funding
• Faced with global challenges ( population, food, energy, health )
STRUCTURE OF THE STI SYSTEM
Coord. Min of Economy
House of Reps.
Min. Just & HR
NRC
10 Previous State-owned Co’s (Strategic Industries) :
1. PT. DI 2. PT. PAL 3. PT. PINDAD 4. PT. K. STEEL 5. PT. INKA 6. Perum Dahana 7. PT. INTI 8. PT. BHARATA 9. PT. BBI 10. PT. LEN
Finance-related SOCs
Other SOCs
Other Ministries
Ministrerial R&D Organizations
Industrial R&D Agency
Agr. R&D Agency
NM Organizations
BPPT
LAPAN
BSN
BAKOSURTANAL
LIPI
BATAN
BAPETEN
Extention Services
Extention Services
Extention Services
Min. of Finance
Academy of Sc. Ind.
Private Univs.
Private R&D Insts.
Min. Of Educ. & Cult.
Ed. R&D Org.
State Univs.
Other R&D Organizations
Extention Services
PRESIDENT
S&T Park
Other Coord. Min.
Nat. Dev. Planning
Min. of SOC
Oth
er
Min
istr
ies
MRT
NIC & NEC
Main Locus of Life science-related Research
Coord. Min of Economy
House of Reps.
Min. Just & HR
NRC
10 Previous State-owned Co’s (Strategic Industries) :
1. PT. DI 2. PT. PAL 3. PT. PINDAD 4. PT. K. STEEL 5. PT. INKA 6. Perum Dahana 7. PT. INTI 8. PT. BHARATA 9. PT. BBI 10. PT. LEN
Finance-related SOCs
Other SOCs
Other Ministries
Ministrerial R&D Organizations
Industrial R&D Agency
Agr. R&D Agency
NM Organizations
BPPT
LAPAN
BSN
BAKOSURTANAL
LIPI
BATAN
BAPETEN
Extention Services
Extention Services
Extention Services
Min. of Finance
Academy of Sc. Ind.
Private Univs.
Private R&D Insts.
Min. Of Educ. & Cult.
Ed. R&D Org.
State Univs.
Other R&D Organizations
Extention Services
PRESIDENT
S&T Park
Other Coord. Min.
Nat. Dev. Planning
Min. of SOC
Oth
er
Min
istr
ies
MRT
NIC & NEC
ITB,UI,Unair UGM..
Health Fishery Forestry
Biofarma, Kalbe, Sido Muncul,, ..
Institutional Type
Organic (functional)
• Individual
• Forum,
• Consortium
• Committee
• Association
Mechanistic (structural)
• Agency
• Faculty
• Directorate
• Centre
• Firm
Different setting, culture, formality,
Some Actors in Indonesian Life science Community
Organic (functional)
• Association of Biology
• Association of Agriculture Biotechnology
• Biotechnology Consortium
• Bioinformatics Corner UNAIR
• National Committee on Jamu Scientification
• Biomaterial Indonesia
• Rice breeder (mlatiharjo.com)
• …………….
Mechanistic (structural)
• Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Resources, Agency for Agricultural Research
• Eijkman Institute
• Centre for Biotechnology LIPI
• Centre for Biotechnology BPPT
• Faculty of Pharmacy ITB
• Kalbe Farma
• ……………………………….
Innovation performance
Positional Analysis of
Indonesia’s scientific
Publication 2000-2010
Sources : Scopus
(Elsevier) by Science
metrix, Y.Nugroho (2013)
Life sciences-based
Research perform
well
• International journal; during 2008-2010; agricultural sciences (454), biological sciences (550), medicine (603);
• Domestic scientific journal; 1179 publication in 2010; predominantly agricultural and biological sciences (406) and medicine (167)
• Number of researcher in university (2009); 24.867 agricultural sciences (18%), medical sciences (15%) , technology sciences (14%)
• Research Expenditure State University (2009) ~ Rp.1,817 Bio ( 717.2 MioUS $ ) ; natural sciences 29.03%; agriculture and environmental sciences ( 20.96%), medical sciences ( 8.58%)
S&T Indicator (LIPI,2011)
China
1,3 Bi
India
1,2 Bi
US
310 Mn
Indonesia
242 Mn Brazil
Of the 240 million people in Indonesia, over 60% of the population is under 39 years
old, providing a dynamic workforce.
Age 100+
Age 0
2010 2030 (Est) 2050 (Est)
YOUTH FOCUSED ~ DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS
14
Young scientists ?
• Early science education
• Promotion of talented youth
• Young scientists exchange
• Encourage open innovation
• Nurture start-ups in biotechnology
Life science three pillars towards Innovation Policy
Science base :
University,
Research Centres
Users ;
Sector,Industry
Specialized biotechnology
firms developing high-end
products
Food
Agriculture
Health
Pharmaceutical
Environment
Energy
BPPT
LIPI
Agriculture Research
Agency
Health Research Agency
Eijkman Institute
ITB, UNAIR, UGM,UI
……………………
?
Pavitt,”Managing
Innovation, 1997
Observed Current Status
• Limited linkage the science base with;
– Users : • Food Industry ; 330 firms
• Pharmaceutical Industry ; 24 MNC and 190 National
• Agriculture
• Health
• Environment
• But..
– Research consortium on vaccines ( industry-university-research institute )
– Functional food commercialization ( industry-research institute )
– WHO collaborating Centres for Prevention and Control of Micronutrient Malnutrition ( international linkage )
– .etc
How life science researcher influence innovation policy making ?
POLITICS The process by which
policy is decided upon and implemented
POLITY The institutional framework ( including political culture ) in which policies are
defined and implemented
POLICY The content, substance and
mechanism. What is done and what are the effects
Edler,2008
Policies related to life science
1. Education
2. Research
3. Exploitation
4. Regulation
5. Demand
6. Industrial development
7. Fiscal
Source : Handoyo, Analisis kebijakan
Inovasi Bioteknologi,LIPI
THE NEEDS FOR MORE INTEGRATED & COHERENT POLICY FRAMEWORK
Partial & Fragmented
Policy Measures
Renewed Policy Framework
& Measures
More Coherent & Synergetic
Policy Framework & Measures
Education
Regulatory ( IPR, quarantine, ethics )
Exploitation
Demand
Fiscal
Research
Industrial Development
Better Ecosystems for Innovation Handoyo, 2009,
Taufik,2013
Future common challenges
• Increased population
• Changed demographic structure
• Higher need for food, energy, medicines, goods, services
• Climate change
• Degrading environment
• Open global market
Concluding Remarks
• Innovation system in Indonesia still early stage
• Strengthening linkages and improving governance
• Research based policy making
• How to develop strategy in collaboration BPPT-AIST to produce sustainable solutions to global challenges
• Integrate life science research (cells processes, genomes, bioinformatics ) with industry (enzymes, biofuels, bioplastics ) , health ( new therapeutics and diagnostics ) and primary production ( food, feedstock, fibre and cellulosic crops )The Bioeconomy to 2030 : Designing Policy Agenda OECD
• Promote innovation policy in life science
Bring actors with different both perspectives and goals together toward a common position
Source : Influencing and
Collaborating for Results,
Duke Publishing, 2005
