iasbaba 60 day plan 2020 –environment week 5 and 6 · 2020-05-30 · thunderstorms and lightning,...

IASBABA60DAYPLAN2020–ENVIRONMENTWEEK5AND6

60DAYSPROGRAMME-2020 IASBABA



Q.1)Whichofthebelowareatmospherichazards?1. Tropicalcyclones2. Thunderstorms3. Snowavalanches4. Hailstorms

Choosecorrectoptionfrombelow:a) 1and2onlyb) 1,2and4onlyc) 1,2and3only’d) Alloftheabove

Q.1)Solution(d)Phenomena associated with certain weather-generated events are grouped asatmospheric hazards. The individual hazards included are: Tropical Cyclones,Thunderstorms and Lightning, Tornados, Windstorms, Hailstorms, Snow Avalanches,SevereWinter storms and Extreme SummerWeather. Snowfall from a severewinterstormcanpromptavalanches.Q.2)NationaldisasterriskindexforIndiaispreparedby?

1. Ministryofenvironment,forestandclimatechange2. Ministryofhomeaffairs3. UNDP4. NDMA

Choosecorrectoptionfrombelow:a) 1and3onlyb) 2and3onlyc) 1and4onlyd) 2and4only

Q.2)Solution(b)TheUnionministryofHomeAffairswith the supportofUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme(UNDP)haveprepared for the first timeanationaldisasterrisk index forIndia. Itmappedhazardsandvulnerabilities includingeconomicvulnerabilitiesacross640districtsandallstatesincludingUTs.Theindexfactorsinexposureofpopulation,agricultureandlivestockandenvironmentalrisk.Q.3)Considerthefollowingstatements:

1. TheSendaiFrameworkisthesuccessorinstrumenttotheHyogoFrameworkforAction(HFA)2005-2015

2. Itaimstoprevent,reduceandmitigateonlynaturaldisasters3. TheSendaiFrameworkwasthefirstinternational,bindingagreementadopted

withinthecontextofthepost-2015developmentagenda.Whichoftheabovestatementis/arecorrect?



a) 1onlyb) 1and2onlyc) 1and3onlyd) Alloftheabove

Q.3)Solution(a)Statement-1:correct Statement-2:incorrect Statement-3:incorrectSendai Framework forDisaster Risk Reduction2015-2030 (hereafter“Sendai Framework”)adopted at the Third UNWorld Conference inSendai, Japan, on March18, 2015 (UNISDR 2015a)as the successorinstrument to the HyogoFramework for Action2005-2015.

TheSendaiframeworkwillapply to the risk of small-scale and large-scale,frequent and infrequent,sudden and slow-onsetdisasters, caused bynatural or manmadehazards as well asrelated environmental,technological andbiological hazards andrisks. It aims to guide themulti-hazard managementof disaster risk indevelopment at all levelsas well as within andacrossallsectors.

It is a non-bindingagreement, which thesignatory nations,including India, willattempttocomplywithonavoluntarybasis.

Q.4) Consider the following statements with respect to State disaster responsefund:

1. The Central Government contributes 50% of SDRF allocation for generalcategoryStates/UTsand90%forspecialcategoryStates.

2. AStateGovernmentmayuseupto25percentofthefundsavailableundertheSDRFforprovidingimmediaterelieffor,theyconsidertobe‘disasters’withinthelocalcontextintheStateandwhicharenotincludedinthenotifiedlistofdisasters.

Whichoftheabovestatementis/arecorrect?a) 1onlyb) 2onlyc) Both1and2d) Neither1nor2

Q.4)Solution:(d)TheStateDisasterResponseFund(SDRF),constitutedunderSection48(1) (a)of theDisasterManagementAct,2005,istheprimaryfundavailablewithStateGovernmentsforresponsestonotifieddisasters.TheCentralGovernmentcontributes75%ofSDRF



allocationforgeneralcategoryStates/UTsand90%forspecialcategoryStates/UTs(NEStates,Sikkim,Uttarakhand,HimachalPradesh,JammuandKashmir).LocalDisaster:AStateGovernmentmayuseup to10percentof the fundsavailableunder theSDRF forproviding immediaterelief to thevictimsofnaturaldisasters thatthey consider tobe ‘disasters’within the local context in theStateandwhicharenotincludedinthenotifiedlistofdisastersoftheMinistryofHomeAffairs.Q.5)Considerthefollowingstatements:

1. Disasters covered under SDRF are Cyclone, drought, earthquake, fire, flood,tsunami,hailstorm,landslide,avalanche,cloudburst,pestattack,frostandcoldwaves.

2. MinistryofHomeaffairsmonitorsreliefactivitiesforallthenotifieddisastersWhichoftheabovestatementis/arecorrect?

a) 1onlyb) 2onlyc) Both1and2d) Neither1nor2

Q.5)Solution(a)Disaster(s)coveredunderSDRF:Cyclone,drought,earthquake, fire, flood, tsunami,hailstorm,landslide,avalanche,cloudburst,pestattack,frostandcoldwaves.Department of Agriculture and Cooperation under Ministry of Agriculture (MoA)monitorsreliefactivitiesforcalamitiesassociatedwithdrought,hailstorms,pestattacksandcoldwave/frostwhilerestofthenaturalcalamitiesaremonitoredbyMinistryofHomeAffairs.Q.6)AdvanceinformedAgreement(AIA)procedureisrelatedwith?

a) Baselconventionb) Cartagenaprotocolc) Rotterdamconventiond) Nagoyaprotocol

Q.6)Solution(b)TheCartagenaProtocolonBiosafety to theConventiononBiologicalDiversity isaninternational treaty governing the movements of living modified organisms (LMOs)resultingfrommodernbiotechnologyfromonecountrytoanother.It establishesanadvance informedagreement (AIA)procedure for ensuring thatcountries are provided with the information necessary to make informed decisionsbeforeagreeingtotheimportofsuchorganismsintotheirterritory.



Q.7)TheFaithforEarthInitiativeislaunchedby?

a) IPCCCb) UNEnvironmentc) WHOd) FAO

Q.7)Solution(b)UNEnvironment launched the Faith for Earth Initiative inNovember 2017. Thegoal of Faith for Earth is to strategically engage with faith-based organizations andpartnerwiththemtocollectivelyachievetheSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDG)andfulfilltheobjectivesofthe2030Agenda.Faith forEarthhas threemaingoals: to inspireandempower faithorganizationsandtheir leaders to advocate for protecting the environment, to green faith-basedorganizations’ investments and assets to support the implementation of SDGs, and toprovide them with knowledge and networks to enable their leaders to effectivelycommunicatewithdecision-makersandthepublic.Q.8)WEBINAR:Pesticideregistrationtoolkitismaintainedby?

a) UNEnvironmentb) WHOc) FAOd) UNESCO

Q.8)Solution(c)TheFAOPesticideRegistrationToolkit isadecisionsupportsystem forpesticideregistrationauthorities in low-andmiddle incomecountries,designedtoassist in theevaluationandauthorizationofpesticides. Itprovides links tomanypesticide-specificinformationsourcessuchasregistrationsinothercountries,scientificreviews,hazardclassifications, labels, MRLs and pesticide properties. Various modules of PesticideRegistration Toolkit can be of use to those involved in the implementation of theRotterdamConvention,inparticulartheDesignatedNationalAuthorities(DNAs).



Q.9)IndustrialchemicalsandPesticideshavebecomeHealthandEnvironmentalhazards.Withreferencetothisconsiderthefollowingstatements:

1. Rotterdamconventioncoverspesticidesandindustrialchemicalsthathavebeenbannedorseverelyrestricted

2. Rotterdam convention is legally non-binding obligations for the controlling ofchemicalsandpesticides

3. PriorInformedConsent(PIC)isrelatedwithRotterdamconventionWhichoftheabovestatementis/arecorrect?

a) 1onlyb) 1and2onlyc) 1and3onlyd) Noneoftheabove

Q.9)Solution(c)ThetextoftheRotterdamConventionwasadoptedon10September1998byaConferenceofPlenipotentiariesinRotterdam,theNetherlands.TheConventionenteredintoforceon24February2004.TheobjectivesoftheConventionare:� To promote shared responsibility and cooperative efforts among Parties in the

international trade of certain hazardous chemicals in order to protect humanhealthandtheenvironmentfrompotentialharm;

� Tocontributetotheenvironmentallysounduseofthosehazardouschemicals,byfacilitating information exchange about their characteristics, by providing for anationaldecision-makingprocessontheirimportandexportandbydisseminatingthesedecisionstoParties.

The Convention creates legallybindingobligations for the implementationof thePrior Informed Consent (PIC) procedure. It built on the voluntary PIC procedure,initiatedbyUNEPandFAOin1989andceasedon24February2006.Q.10)InternationalDayforBiologicalDiversityisobservedon?

a) 21stMayb) 22ndMayc) 23rdMayd) 22ndJune

Q.10)Solution(b)The United Nations has proclaimed May 22, The International Day for BiologicalDiversity(IDB)to increaseunderstandingandawarenessofbiodiversity issues.Whenfirst created by the Second Committee of the UN General Assembly in late 1993, 29December(thedateofentry into forceof theConventionofBiologicalDiversity),wasdesignatedTheInternationalDayforBiologicalDiversity.



Q.11) In the context of sustainable development Goals,Which of the below arecrucialtoachieveSDG’S?

1. Livestockfarming2. Thelossofdiversediets3. Marineconservation4. UseofindigenousfoodcropsinAgriculture

Choosecorrectoptionfrombelow:a) 1and3onlyb) 1,3and4onlyc) 2,3and4onlyd) Alloftheabove.

Q.11)Solution(b)The loss of diverse diets is directly linked to diseases or health risk factors, such asdiabetes, obesity and malnutrition, and has a direct impact on the availability oftraditionalmedicines.ThusthisisahurdleinachievingSDG’S.Indigenous crops are helpful to mitigate the impact of climate change and morenutritiousthushelpinincreasedfoodproductionLivestock farming and Marine resource (Fish) provide livelihood for millions thusimportantforachievingSDGtargets.Q.12) Bioremediation is a Technique used to clear pollutants throughBiodegradation usingMicrobes. Which of the following are salient features ofBioremediation?

1. Itiscosteffective.Noconstructionoradditionalinfrastructureisrequired.2. Themicrobialconsortiaused,exhibitgrowthatnarrowtemperaturerange3. Control the nutrient level in water thus help in controlling “Eutrophication”

process.Whichoftheabovestatementis/arecorrect?


Q.12)Solution(c)Bioremediation is the use of living microorganisms to degrade the environmentalcontaminants into less toxic forms. It uses naturally occurring bacteria and fungi orplants to degrade or detoxify substances hazardous to human health and/or theenvironment.Themicroorganismsmaybe indigenous toa contaminatedareaor theymaybeisolatedfromelsewhereandbroughttothecontaminatedsite.Salientfeatures:� Itiscosteffective.Noconstructionoradditionalinfrastructureisrequired.� Thesemicrobesareeffective incontrollingodour, reducingTSS,BOD,oil/grease



accumulationinsewage/pollutedwaterandsolids.� Thesemicrobialconsortiaexhibitgrowthatwidertemperaturerange� These strainsmaintains a satisfactory level of DO and therefore aerators, which

consumehighpowercanbeavoidedoritsusecanbereduced.� Control the nutrient level in water thus help in controlling “Eutrophication”

process.Q.13)Considerthefollowingstatements:

1. Insitubioremediationinvolvesthetreatmentofthecontaminationonsite.2. Ex situ bioremediation involves the physical extraction of the contaminated

mediatoanotherlocationfortreatmentWhichoftheabovestatementis/areincorrect?

a) 1onlyb) 2onlyc) Both1and2d) Neither1nor2

Q.13)Solution(d)Statement-1:correct Statement-2:correctIn situ bioremediation involves thetreatment of the contamination on site.In the case of soil contamination, in situbioremediation involves the addition ofmineral nutrients. These nutrientsincrease the degradation ability of themicroorganisms thatarealreadypresentinthesoil.

Ex situ bioremediation involves thephysical extraction of the contaminatedmedia to another location for treatment.If the contaminants are just in the soil,the contaminated soil is excavated andtransported for treatment. If thecontamination has reached thegroundwater,itmustbepumpedandanycontaminatedsoilmustalsoberemoved.

Q.14)Matchthefollowingpairs:

MethodCharacteristics1. Microbialbioremediation:Usesmicroorganismstobreakdowncontaminantsby

usingthemasafoodsource2. Bioventing :Usesfungi’sdigestiveenzymestobreakdowncontaminantssuch

aspesticides,hydrocarbons,andheavymetals.3. Phytoremediation:Usesplantstobind,extract,andcleanuppollutantssuchas

pesticides,petroleumhydrocarbons,metals,andchlorinatedsolvents.4. Mycoremediation:Blowingairfromtheatmosphereintothecontaminatedsoil.

Whichoftheaboveis/arecorrectlymatched?a) 1and2onlyb) 1and4onlyc) 1and3onlyd) Alloftheabove



Q.14)Solution(c)Microbialbioremediation Thisusesmicroorganismstobreakdown

contaminants by using them as a foodsource.

Bioventing This consists of blowing air from theatmosphere into the contaminated soil.First,injectionwellsmustbedugintothecontaminatedsoil.

Phytoremediation This uses plants to bind, extract, andclean up pollutants such as pesticides,petroleum hydrocarbons, metals, andchlorinatedsolvents.

Mycoremediation This uses fungi’s digestive enzymes tobreak down contaminants such aspesticides, hydrocarbons, and heavymetals.

Q.15)Movingtowardsrenewableenergyiscrucialtoachieveclimateagreementtargets.Inthecontextofthis,considerthefollowingstatementsaboutBiofuels:

1. ThirdgenerationBiofuelsusesnon-foodcropsforbiofuelproduction2. Biodiesel is alcohol produced from fermentation of crops and their by-

products3. Biogasisproducedbyanaerobicdigestionofinorganicmaterials4. RajasthanhasbecomethefirstStateinthecountrytoimplementthenational

policyonbiofuels.Whichoftheabovestatementis/areincorrect?

a) 1and2onlyb) 2onlyc) 12,and3onlyd) Alloftheabove

Q.15)Solution(c)RajasthanhasbecomethefirstStateinthecountrytoimplementthenationalpolicyonbiofuels.Firstgenerationbiofuel Itusesthefoodcropslikewheatandsugarformaking

ethanolandoilseedsforbiodieselbyconventionalmethodoffermentation.

Secondgenerationbiofuel Itusesnon-foodcropsandfeedstocksuchasJatropha,wood,grass,seedcrops,organicwaste.

ThirdGenerationBiofuels ItusesspeciallyengineeredAlgaewhosebiomassisconvertedintobiofuels.



FourthGenerationbiofuel ItaimsatnotonlyproducingsustainableenergybutalsoawayofcapturingandstoringCO2.

Bioethanol It is an alcohol produced from fermentation of carbohydrate and

cellulosicmaterialofcropsandotherplantsandgrasses.BioDiesel It is a methyl or methyl ester of fatty acids produced by trans

esterificationofoilsandfatsobtainedfromplantsandanimals.Biogas Biogas (primarily amixture ofmethane andother gases likeCO2 and

N2)isproducedbyanaerobicdigestionoforganicmaterialsBiojet It isatypeofbiofuelwhichareproducedfrombiomassresourcesand

usedinplaceof,orblendedwithairturbinefuel.Q.16)What are the Advantages of offshorewind power over the onshorewindpower?

1. Greaterareaforsettinguplargeprojectsandhigherwindspeed2. Inconsistentwindspeed3. Closetoloadcenters

Choosecorrectoptionfrombelow:a) 3onlyb) 1and2onlyc) 1and3onlyd) Alloftheabove

Q.16)Solution(c)Offshorewindpoweristheuseofwindfarmsconstructedinbodiesofwater,usuallyintheoceanonthecontinentalshelf,toharvestwindenergytogenerateelectricityAdvantagesofoffshorewindpowerovertheonshorewindpower:� Greaterareaforsettinguplargeprojectsandhigherwindspeedresultinginhigher

electricitygenerationperamountofcapacityinstalled.� Consistentwindspeed:Theeffectiveuseofwindturbinegeneratingcapacitywill

behigheratseathanonland.� Close to load centers: The off-shore wind farms are usually located near to the

citiesandloadcentersthustransmissionlossesareminimised.� Less visual impact:As these sites are located far from land theyhave less visual

impactwhichhelpswithpublicacceptanceissues.� Environmental impact: low global warming potential per unit of electricity

generated,comparabletothatofonshorewindfarms.Q.17)Sustainableagricultureisaconceptthatinvolves:

1. Mimicnaturalecologicalprocesses2. Minimizetillingandwateruse3. Integratingcroplandswithlivestockgrazing



4. Relianceonmonoculture5. AvoidpesticideuseandrelianceonBio-control

Choosecorrectoptionfrombelow:a) 1,3and4onlyb) 1,2and4onlyc) 1,2,3and5onlyd) Alloftheabove

Q.17)Solution(c)Theconceptofsustainableagricultureembracesawiderangeoftechniques,includingorganic,free-range,low-input,holistic,andbiodynamic.The common thread among these methods is an embrace of farming practices thatmimicnaturalecologicalprocesses.Farmersminimizetillingandwateruse,encouragehealthy soil by planting fields with different crops year after year and integratingcroplandswithlivestockgrazing,andavoidpesticideusebynurturingthepresenceoforganismsthatcontrolcrop-destroyingpests.Current Industrial approach to agriculture involves: Reliance on monoculture,mechanization, chemical pesticides and fertilizers, biotechnology, Which are notsustainable

Q.18)ConsiderthefollowingstatementsaboutCompensatoryAfforestationFundManagementandPlanningAuthority(CAMPA):

1. NCAFMPAorCAMPAhasbeencreatedundertheCompensatoryAfforestationFundAct2016

2. Itestablishesnationalandstatecompensatoryafforestationfunds3. The National Fund will receive 25% and the State Funds will receive the

remaining75%ofthisfunds.Whichoftheabovestatementis/arecorrect?


Q.18)Solution(b)



NCAFMPAhasbeencreatedundertheCompensatoryAfforestationFundAct2016.It established National Compensatory Afforestation Fund (NCAF) under the PublicaccountofIndiaandStateCompensatoryAfforestationFundsunderpublicaccountsofstates.TheNationalFundwillreceive10%ofthesefunds,andtheStateFundswillreceivetheremaining90%.These fundswill receivepayments for:Compensatoryafforestation,Netpresentvalueofforest(NPV),Otherprojectspecificpayments.Q.19)ThereasonforslowgrowthofagriculturalproductioninIndiaare:

1. Lackofawarenessaboutthetreatmentofcrops2. Lowirrigationfacilities3. UseofchemicalFertilizers4. Limitedaccesstomodernfarmingtechnology

Choosecorrectoptionfrombelow:a) 1and2onlyb) 1,2and4onlyc) 1,3and4onlyd) Alloftheabove.

Q.19)Solution(b)TheRiceandcerealyieldperhectareinthecountryislow,laggingfarbehindcountriessuchasChina,JapanandtheUS.TheslowgrowthofagriculturalproductioninIndiacanbe attributed to an inefficient rural transport system, lack of awareness about thetreatment of crops, limited access to modern farming technology and the shrinkingagricultural landdue to urbanization. Add to that, an irregularmonsoon and the factthat63%ofagriculturallandisdependentonrainfallfurtherincreasethedifficultiesweface.Q.20)Climatechangehasprofoundimpactonagriculture.Itincludes:

1. Increasecropgrowthandcropyields2. Decreaseagricultureyield3. Rainfedagriculturewillbeprimarilyimpactedduetorainfallvariability

Whichoftheabovestatementis/arecorrect?a) 1onlyb) 1and2onlyc) 1and3onlyd) Alloftheabove

Q.20)Solution(d)Higher CO2 levels can affect crop yields. Some laboratory experiments suggest thatelevatedCO2levelscanincreaseplantgrowth.



Moreextremetemperatureandprecipitationcanpreventcropsfromgrowing.Extremeevents,especiallyfloodsanddroughts,canharmcropsandreduceyields.Climatechangecanhavenegativeeffectsonirrigatedcropyieldsacrossagro-ecologicalregions both due to temperature rise and changes in water availability. Rainfedagriculture will be primarily impacted due to rainfall variability and reduction innumberofrainydays.Q.21)With reference to Joint ForestManagement (JFM), consider the followingstatements:

1. It envisages a process of joint management of forests by the centralgovernmentandthelocalpeople

2. Non-woodforestproducts(NWFPs)haveakeyroleinJFMefforts,Leadingtosustainableresourceutilizationandeconomicdevelopment

3. JFMprograminitiatedinthecontextoftheNationalForestPolicyof1988Whichoftheabovestatementis/arecorrect?

e) 1onlyf) 1and2onlyg) 2and3onlyh) Alloftheabove

Q.21)Solution(c)Forestisthestatesubject:Statement-1:incorrect Statement-3:correct Statement-2:correctThe1988policy envisagesa process of jointmanagement of forests bythe state governments(which have nominalresponsibility) and thelocalpeople,whichwouldshare both theresponsibility formanagingtheresourceandthe benefits that accruefromthismanagement.

TheIndianForestPolicyof1988 (MoEF, 1988) andthe subsequentgovernment resolution onparticipatory forestmanagement (MoEF,1990)emphasize theneedfor people's participationin natural forestmanagement.

Non-wood forest products(NWFPs)haveakeyroleinJFM efforts. With theincreasing awareness oftheir economic potentialand growing concerns forthe sustainability of theresources and thedistributionofthebenefitsderived from them,various state governmentshave takenovercontrolofanumberofNWFPs.

Q.22) With reference to Integrated Tiger Habitat Conservation Programme(ITHCP),considerthefollowingstatements:

1. It isInitiatedin2014,ITHCPisaglobalefforttodoubletigernumbersinthewildby2025

2. It involves protecting tiger species, preserving tiger habitats and supporting



humanpopulationslivingintigerlandscapes.Whichoftheabovestatementis/arecorrect?

e) 1onlyf) 2onlyg) Both1and2h) Neither1nor2

Q.22)Solution(b)Initiated in 2014, the Integrated Tiger Habitat Conservation Programme (ITHCP) or‘Tiger Programme‘ is a grant-making initiativewhich contributes to the Global TigerRecoveryProgramme(GTRP),aglobalefforttodoubletigernumbersinthewildby2022. The programme consists of a portfolio of 12 large-scale projects in key TigerConservation Landscapes across Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Nepal andMyanmar.TheTigerProgrammeisbasedonthreepillars:� Protectingtigerspeciesandtheirpreyfromthethreatofpoaching;� Preservingtigerhabitats,includingcorehabitats,bufferzonesandcorridors;� Supportinghumanpopulationslivingintigerlandscapes.Q.23) The Terai landscape boasts of some of India’s most well-known TigerReservesandProtectedAreas.Arrangethefollowingfromwesttoeast:

1. Corbettnationalpark2. Rajajinationalpark3. ValmikiTigerreserve4. DudhwaTigerreserve

Choosecorrectoptionfrombelow:a) 1-2-3-4b) 2-1-4-3c) 1-2-4-3d) 3-2-1-4

Q.23)Solution(b)



Q.24)ConsiderthefollowingwithrespecttoRedListofEcosystems:

1. ItistoolofIUCN,Itcategorisesaglobalstandardforhowweassessthestatusofecosystems,applicableatlocal,national,regionalandgloballevels.

2. Applicableonlytoterrestrialandmarineecosystems3. Italsodemonstratehow improvedecosystemmanagementcanreducerisks,

enhanceresilience,andbeameansforadaptation.Whichoftheabovestatementis/arecorrect?


Q.24)Solution(b)Statement-1:correct Statement-2:incorrect Statement-3:correctTheRedListofEcosystemsisdevelopedandimplementedjointlybytheIUCNCommissiononEcosystemManagement(CEM)andtheIUCNEcosystemManagementProgramme(EMP),incollaborationwiththeIUCNSpeciesSurvivalCommission(SSC)andtheIUCNGlobalSpeciesProgramme(GSP).

Applicabletoterrestrial,marine,freshwaterandsubterraneansystems.Applicablefromlocalandglobal,andfromverysmall(fineresolution)toverylarge(coarseresolution)scales.

Withclimatechangeandincreasedrisksofdisasters,weurgentlyneedcriteriaattheecosystemleveltonotonlyraiseawarenessabouttheirthreats,buttoalsodemonstratehowimprovedecosystemmanagementcanreducerisks,enhanceresilience,andbeameansforadaptation.

Q.25)Post-2020globalbiodiversityframeworkisrelatedwith?



a) UNBiodiversitySummit.b) IUCNc) ParisAgreementd) BirdlifeInternational

Q.25)Solution(a)In October 2020 governments will come together to adopt a post-2020 globalbiodiversityframework,attheConventiononBiologicalDiversity(CBD)ConferenceoftheParties(COP15)inKunming,China–theUNBiodiversitySummit.This 2020 deal for nature and people is a stepping stone towards achieving the CBD2050Visionof‘Livinginharmonywithnature’.ItwillreplaceandmustimproveontheStrategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020, which has failed to stem the devastatingdeclineinbiodiversity.Q.26)ProtectedPlanetisaprojectof?

1. IUCN2. UNEP3. UNCCD4. UNFCCC

Choosecorrectoptionfrombelow:a) 1and2onlyb) 3Onlyc) 1and3onlyd) Alloftheabove

Q.26)Solution(a)Protected Planet is the online visual interface for the World Database on ProtectedAreas(WDPA),a jointprojectof IUCNandUNEP. It is themostcomprehensiveglobaldatabase on terrestrial and marine protected areas based on data that has beencompiled since 1981 working with governments and NGOs. The visual interfacereconcilesgovernmental,expertandgeneralpublicopinionsonprotectedareas.



Q.27)Considerthefollowingstatements:1. Intraspecificdiversityreferstonumberandtypesofdifferentspecies2. Interspecificdiversityreferstothegeneticvarietywithinasinglespecies

Whichoftheabovepairsis/arecorrect?a) 1onlyb) 2onlyc) Both1and2d) Neither1nor2

Q.27)Solution(d)Biodiversitycanbedividedintotwocategories:� Intraspecificdiversitycovers thegeneticvarietywithinasinglespecies–suchas

differentsub-speciesofrice,Basmatirice,Thai Jasminerice, JapaneseMochirice,SonaMasuri,etc.

� Interspecificdiversityreferstothenumberandtypesofdifferentspecies–suchaspotatoes,carrots,peppers,lettuceetc.

Q.28) The conservation of agro-biodiversity in crop production systems isimportant.Intheabovecontext,Agro-biodiversityhelpsin?

1. Increaseproductivity,foodsecurityandeconomicreturns2. Makefarmingsystemsmorestableandsustainable3. Contributetoincreaseinpestanddiseases4. Conserveecosystemstructureandstabilityofspeciesdiversity

Whichoftheabovestatementis/arecorrect?a) 1and2onlyb) 2,3and3onlyc) 1,2and4onlyd) Alloftheabove

Q.28)Solution(c)Agro-biodiversityhelpsinvariouswayssuchas:� Increaseproductivity,foodsecurityandeconomicreturns� Reducethepressureofagricultureonfragileareas,forestsandendangeredspecies� Makefarmingsystemsmorestableandsustainable� Contributetopestanddiseasemanagement� Reducethespreadofdiseasestoindividualsandnations� Improvehumannutritionandprovidesourcesofmedicines� ConserveecosystemstructureandstabilityofspeciesdiversityQ.29)Considerthefollowingstatements:

1. Seedbanksarecreatedtomaintainandprotectbiodiversity2. Seedbanksprimarilyinvolveinselecting,collecting,andstoringseed

varieties.



3. SeedBanksareIn-SituformofBiodiversityConservationWhichoftheabovestatementis/arecorrect?


Q.29)Solution(b)Aseedbankisatypeofgenebankwhereseedsofdifferentcropsandrareplantspeciesarestoredforfutureuse.Seedbanksarecreatedtomaintainandprotectbiodiversity,wheresamplesofallspeciesarecollectedandstored.SeedBanksareEx-SituformofconservationSeed banks primarily involve in selecting, collecting, and storing seed varieties. Theyalso form seed exchange networks with government organizations, NGOs andcommunityseedbanksacrosstheworld.Q.30) With reference to the Global Wildlife Program, consider the followingstatements:

1. Itintendstowildlifeconservationandwildlifecrimeprevention2. ItislaunchedbyTRAFFIC

Whichoftheabovepairsis/areincorrect?a) 1onlyb) 2onlyc) Both1and2d) Neither1nor2

Q.30)Solution(b)TheGlobalWildlifeProgram(GWP)isaWorldBank-led,GEF-fundedglobalpartnershipthatpromoteswildlifeconservationandsustainabledevelopmentbycombatting illicittraffickinginwildlife.PhaseIIoftheGlobalWildlifeProgram(GWP)wasapprovedbytheGlobalEnvironmentFacility(GEF)CouncilinJune2019.Q.31)Considerthefollowingpairs:

SpeciesState1. Snowleopard:ArunachalPradesh2. BlackPanther:Uttarakhand3. AsiaticLion:Gujrat4. ImpressedTortoise:Kerala

Whichoftheaboveis/areincorrectlymatched?a) 1onlyb) 2and4onlyc) 1and2onlyd) Noneoftheabove



Q.31)Solution(b)Wildlifeof Indiaoffersvarietyofanimal lifeand thecountry ishome to thousandsofdifferent species of wild animals, reptiles and birds. The natural habitat of Indianwildlifeanddenseforestprovidesheltertounique,rare,fewendemicandendangeredspeciesofanimals

Animal HabitatAsiaticLion GirforestNationalpark,GujratBlackPanther Karnataka, Maharastra, Assam

forestsSnowLeopard High Altitudes of Uttarakand,

Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim,ArunachalPradesh

CloudedLeopard Sikkim, Manipur, Nagaland,Mizoram

SlothBear KartnatakaImpressedTortoise ArunachalPradeshQ.32)WhichofthefollowingorganizationswereestablishedundertheprovisionsoftheWildlife(Protection)Act,1972?

1. CentralZooauthority2. NationTigerconservationAuthority3. NationalBoardforWildlife4. AnimalwelfareBoardforIndia

Choosecorrectoptionfrombelow:a) 1and3onlyb) 1,2and3onlyc) 2,3and4onlyd) Alloftheabove

Q.32)Solution(b)The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 is the most important act regarding wildlifeconservation in India. Itprohibits the capturing,killing,poisoningor trappingofwildanimals.Ithas the followingobjectives:prohibitionofhunting;protectionandmanagementofwildlife habitats; establishment of protected areas; regulation and control of trade inpartsandproductsderivedfromwildlifeandmanagementofzoos.� AnimalWelfareBoardof India is a statutoryadvisorybodyonAnimalWelfare

Laws and promotes animal welfare in the country. It was established in 1962underSection4ofthePreventionofCrueltytoAnimalsAct,1960.

� NTCA,ZOOAUTHORITYANDNATONALBOARDFORWILDLIFEareestablished



undertheambitofWildlife(Protection)Act,1972throughvariousAmendmendQ.33)WhichofthefollowingareInvasiveAlienSpeciesinIndia?

1. Partheniumhysterophorus2. Achatinafulica3. PapayaMealyBug4. Amazonsailfincatfish

Whichoftheabovestatementis/arecorrect?a) 1onlyb) 2and3onlyc) 3and4onlyd) Alloftheabove

Q.33)Solution(d)TheZoologicalSurveyofIndia(ZSI)hasforthefirsttimecompiledalistof157alieninvasiveanimalspecies.Alienspeciesbecome"invasive"whentheyareintroduceddeliberatelyoraccidentallyoutside their natural areas where they displace the native species and upset theecologicalbalance.Theseinvasiveanimalspeciesposeathreattothebiodiversityoftheareaandhumanwelfareandsafety,alsoharmingtheagricultureandbiodiversity.� Partheniumhysterophorus:colloquiallyknownasCongressgrass,isbelievedto

havebeenintroducedintoIndiaandAustraliafromNorthAmerica.� Africanapplesnail(Achatinafulica):Themostinvasiveamongallalienfaunain

India,thismolluscwasfirstreportedintheAndamanandNicobarIslands.Itisnowfoundacrosscountryandisthreateningthehabitatofseveralnativespecies.

� Papaya Mealy Bug (Paracoccus marginatus): Native of Mexico and CentralAmerica, it is believed to have destroyed huge crops of papaya in Assam,WestBengalandTamilNadu

� Amazonsailfincatfish(Pterygoplichthyspardalis):Thisspecies isresponsiblefordestroyingthefishpopulationinthewetlandsofKolkata.

Q.34)ThesanctuaryissituatedinchoraoIslandalongtheriverMandoviinGoa.IndainGiantSquirralcanbespotedhere.TheabovementionedSancturyis?

a) MercesBirdSanctuaryb) SalimAlibirdsanctuaryc) KumarakomBirdSanctuaryd) KaundinyaBirdSanctuary

Q.34)Solution(b)TheSalimAlibirdsanctuaryishometomanyvarietiesoflocalandmigratorybirds,situatedinchoraoIslandalongtheriverMandoviinGoa.SalimAliBirdsanctuaryisoneofthebestknownbirdsanctuariesandveryfamousbirdsanctuaryinIndia.Itisoneof



thesmallestbirdsanctuarieswhereflyingSparrows,Beautifulpeafowl,Parrots,pelican,Indiangiantsquirralandotherrarespeciesoffaunacanbespotted.Q.35)Considerthefollowingpairs:

WildlifesanctuariesStates1. KumarakomBirdSanctuary:Kerala2. Ranganthittu:AndhraPradesh3. SariskaNationalPark:MadhyaPradesh4. IndiraGandhiNationalPark:TamilNadu

Whichoftheaboveis/arecorrectlymatched?a) 1onlyb) 2and4onlyc) 1and4onlyd) Alloftheabove

Q.35)Solution(c)

Protectedarea StateIndira Gandhi National Park (AnamalaiTigerreserve)

Coimbatore, TamilNadu

SariskaNationalPark Alwar,RajasthanRanganthittuBirdSanctuary KarnatakaKumarakomBirdSanctuary KeralaQ.36)Considerthefollowingpairs:NationalParksRivers

1. Moulingnationalpark:Siyom2. OrangNationalpark:Lohit3. Valmikinationalpark:Ganga4. PannaNationalpark:Ken

Whichoftheaboveis/areincorrectlymatched?a) 1onlyb) 1and4onlyc) 2and3onlyd) Noneoftheabove

Q.36)Solution(c)

NATIONALPARKS RIVERSMouling National Park, ArunachalPradesh

Siyom

DebraSaikhowaNationalParkinAssam Brahamaputra,Lohit,dibruOrangNationalParkinAssam BrahamaputraValmikiNationalParkinBihar Gandak



PannaNationalParkinM.P KenJimCorbettNationalParkinUttarakhand RangangaBhitarkanikaNationalPark BrahmaniandBaitraniRiverDeltaQ.37)Considerthefollowingstatements:

1. Wildlifesanctuariesmaybegovernmentownedorcanbeprivatecontrolled

2. Nationalparksarereservedareas,ownedbythegovernment3. BiospherereservesareNotifiedareawhichmaycovermultipleprotected

areasWhichoftheabovestatementis/arecorrect?


Q.37)Solution(d)Protectedareas CharacteristicsWildlifeSanctuary

� Itisnaturalareawhichisreservebyagovernmentalorprivateagencyfortheprotectionofparticularspecies

� Onlyanimalsareconserved,Couldbeprivatepropertyalso,outsideactivitiesallowed

� InternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN)hasdefineditsCategoryIVtypeofprotectedareas

NationalPark � Reserveareaofland,ownedbythegovernment� Area is protected from human exploitation,

industrializationandpollution.� International Union for Conservation of Nature

(IUCN), and its World Commission on ProtectedAreas, has defined its Category II type of protectedareas

BiosphereReserve

� NotifiedareaswhichcoveralargerareaoflandwhichmaycovermultipleNationalParks,Sanctuariesandreservesaswell.

� Threeareas:Core,Buffer&Marginal.NooutsideSpeciesallowedConservation&researchpurpose

Q.38)AtkinsonIndex,GeneralisedEntropyIndex.Thistermsarerelatedto?

a) IncomeInequalityb) Biodiversityc) Conservationefforts



d) AgriculturaldiversityQ.38)Solution(a)1. Atkinson’s inequalitymeasure (orAtkinson’s index):This is themostpopular

welfare-basedmeasureofinequality.Itpresentsthepercentageoftotalincomethatagivensocietywouldhavetoforegoinordertohavemoreequalsharesofincomebetweenitscitizens.

2. Theil indexandGeneralEntropy(GE)measures:Thevaluesof theGEclassofmeasures vary between zero (perfect equality) and infinity (or one, ifnormalized). A key feature of these measures is that they are fullydecomposable, i.e. inequal- itymay be brokendownby population groups orincome sources or using other dimensions, which can prove useful to policymakers

Q.39)Withreference to therecentlyadoptedEuropeanGreenDeal,whichofthefollowingstatementsis/arecorrect?

1. It aims to achieve net carbon neutrality among itsmember countries by2050

2. ItwasadoptedasapartoftheConferenceofParties(COP)25conferenceinMadrid

Whichoftheabovestatementis/arecorrect?a) 1onlyb) 2onlyc) Both1and2d) Neither1nor2

Q.39)Solution(a)Inthebackgroundofthefailureoftheglobalcommunitytoreachanyagreementinthe recently concluded COP 25, the European Union (EU) has come up with aclimateactionplanknownas theEuropeanGreenDeal. It isnotpartofCOP-25. Itaimstoachievecarbonneutralityby2050.Q.40)WhichoftheFactorsareresponsibleforExtinctionofspecies?

1. ChangestoHabitat2. Poorreproductivetrends3. IntroductionofInvasivespecies4. Landusechanges

Choosecorrectoptionfrombelow:a) 1and2onlyb) 3and4only



c) 1and4onlyd) Alloftheabove.

Q.40)Solution(d)Extinctionhappenswhenenvironmental factorsor evolutionaryproblems causeaspecies to die out. To some extent, extinction is natural. Changes to habitats andpoorreproductivetrendsareamongthefactorsthatcanmakeaspecies’deathratehigherthanitsbirthrateforlongenoughthateventually,noneareleft.Humans also cause other species to become extinct by hunting, overharvesting,introducing invasive species to the wild, polluting, and changing wetlands andforests to croplands and urban areas. Even the rapid growth of the humanpopulationiscausingextinctionbyruiningnaturalhabitats.

iasbaba 60 day plan 2020 –environment week 5 and 6 · 2020-05-30 · thunderstorms and lightning,...

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