understanding and preparing for severe windstorms in 2011 and beyond
DESCRIPTION
UNDERSTANDING AND PREPARING FOR SEVERE WINDSTORMS IN 2011 AND BEYOND. A PRIMER OF KNOWLEDGE THAT CAN MULTIPLY AND SPILL OVER FOR THE BENEFIT OF MILLIONS. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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UNDERSTANDING AND PREPARING FOR SEVERE
WINDSTORMSIN 2011 AND BEYOND
A PRIMER OF KNOWLEDGE THAT CAN MULTIPLY AND SPILL OVER FOR THE BENEFIT OF MILLIONS
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of
North Carolina, USA
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SEVERE WINDSTORMS TORNADOES,
HURRICANES, TYPHOONS, AND CYCLONES
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THE PHYSICS OF SEVERE WINDSTORMS
SEVERE WINDSTORMS:TORNADOESHURRICANESTYPHOONSCYCLONES
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BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS UNDERPINNING WINDSTORMS
• HEAT AND HEAT FLOW
• PRESSURE AND PRESSURE FLOW
• GRAVITY FIELD
• KINETIC ENERGY
• POTENTIAL ENERGY
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SEVERE WINDSTORMS TORNADOES
OCCUR OVER LAND AS THE RESULT OF INTERACTIONS OF
THE SUN, ATMOSPHERE, LITHOSPHERE, AND
BIOSPHERE
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TORNADOE SEASON
• The peak tornado season is late winter through midsummer,….
• But tornadoes can happen any time of the year when the atmospheric conditions are right.
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TORNADO ALLEY
• ALTHOUGH TORNADOES HAVE OCCURRED IN EVERY STATE, THEY OCCUR MOST FREQUENTLY IN “TORNADO ALLEY,” WHICH INCLUDES PARTS OF: TEXAS, OKLAHOMA, ARKANSAS, TENNESSEE, NEBRASKA, KANSAS, MISSOURI, ILLINOIS, AND IOWA.
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THE PHYSICS OF TORNADOES
• TORNADOES ARE CAUSED BY THE COLLISION OF DESCENDING COLD AIR MASSESS COMING FROM THE NORTH AND ASCENDING WARM AIR MASSES COMING FROM THE SOUTH.
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THE PHYSICS OF TORNADOES
• THE COLLISION CREATES A FUNNEL OF HIGH-VELOCITY WIND THAT IS VERY DESTRUCTIVE AS IT “TOUCHES DOWN” ONE OR MORE TIMES ALONG A LONG, NARROW (TYPICALLY 10-100 M) PATH.
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PHYSICS OF A TORNADO
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HAZARDS OF A TORNADO (AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS)
• WIND: SPEEDS CAN REACH 500 KM/HR (300 MI/HR)
• THUNDER, LIGHTNING, AND HEAVY PRECIPITATION E EXTREME
• HAIL CAN BE VERY DAMAGING
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THIRTY TO FORTY TORNADOES STRIKE FIVE
SOUTHERN STATES
Mississippi, Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, and Tennessee impacted
54 dead
FEBRUARY 5, 2008
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MAP
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TORNADOE SEASON AFFECTED BY LA NINA
• This tornado outbreak could be a consequence of La Nina, the cooling of the Pacific Ocean, which can cause changes in weather patterns around they world.
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WARNING• The people had ample warning to get
out of harm’s way and take cover, …• But some of the warning sirens did not
work.
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A TORNADO TOUCHES DOWN NEAR ATKINS, ARKANSAS
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DEVASTATION NEAR ATKINS, ARKANSAS
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DEVASTATION NEAR ATKINS, ARKANSAS
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DEVASTATION NEAR ATKINS, ARKANSAS
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COLLAPSE OF WAREHOUSE IN SOUTH HAVEN, MS
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COLLAPSE OF WALL IN SHOPPING MALL: MEMPHIS, TN
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A FIRE BROKE OUT IN A NATURAL GAS PUMPING STATION:
HARTSVILLE, TN
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SEVERE THUNDERSTORM SYSTEM SEVERE THUNDERSTORM SYSTEM SPAWNS TORNADOES IN TEXAS:SPAWNS TORNADOES IN TEXAS:APRIL 24, 2008APRIL 24, 2008
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A SUPERCELL
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THE FUNNEL
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IMPACTS IN WEST AND NORTH TEXAS
•WORST DAMAGE NEAR FT WORTH, TX WITH LOSSES ESTIMATED AT $35 MILLION•WIND SPEED REACHED 116 KM/HR (70 MI HR)
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IMPACTS IN WEST AND NORTH TEXAS
•HEAVY RAIN FALL CAUSED POWER OUTAGES AND MINOR FLOODING•BASEBALL-SIZED HAIL
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WIND DAMAGE
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TORNADOES STRIKE IOWA AND MINNESOTA
Continuation of deadliest tornado season in a decadeAccompanied by large hailMay 25, 2008
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HUGO, MINNESOTA: DEBRIS MARKS STORM'S PATH
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PARKERSBURG, IOWA: DAMAGE
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PARKERSBURG, IOWA: LOOKING FOR SURVIVORS
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SEVERE WINDSTORMS HURRICANES, TYPHOONS, CYCLONES
CREATED IN THE WARM WATER OF OCEANS AS THE RESULT OF INTERACTIONS OF
THE SUN, ATMOSPHERE, HYDROSPHERE, ATMOSPHERE,
LITHOSPHERE, AND BIOSPHERE
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HURRICANES
• In the Atlantic, Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and Eastern Pacific areas cyclonic tropical storms with well-formed central “eyes” and with wind speeds above 74 mph are referred to as HURRICANES.
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PHYSICS: HURRICANES
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TYPHOONS
• The exact same phenomenon, with clockwise rotation about the eye, in the Western Pacific Ocean region is called a TYPHOON.
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PHYSICS OF A TYPHOON
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SEVERE WINDSTORMS: CYCLONES
• The exact same phenomenon in the Indian Ocean region is called a CYCLONE.
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WIND AND WATER PENETRATE BUILDING ENVELOPE
SEVEREWINDSTORMS
UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM
FLYING DEBRIS PENETRATES WINDOWS
STORM SURGE AND HEAVY PRECIPITATION
IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN
POOR WORKMANSHIP
IGNORING NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
CAUSES OF RISK
CASE HISTORIES
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HAZARDS OF A HURRICANE, TYPHOON, OR
CYCLONE
THE PHYSICAL PHENOMENA ASSOCIATED WITH A LONG, OCEANIC
TRAVEL PATH AND EVENTUAL LANDFALL
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HAZARDS OF A HURRICANE/TYPHOON
(AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS)
• WIND FIELD (COUNTER CLOCKWISE OR CLOCKWISE DIRECTION; CAT 1 (55 mph) TO CAT 5 (155 mph or greater)
• STORM SURGE• HEAVY PRECIPITATION• LANDSLIDES (MUDFLOWS)• COSTAL EROSION• TORNADOES (SOMETIMES)
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“SEVERE WINDSTORMS ARE LABORATORIES”
EACH PAST EVENT PROVIDES VALUABLE LESSONS FOR POLICY
ON DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
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1325+ HURRICANES: DYNAMIC LABORATORIES FOR LEARNING
• EACH HURRICANE HAS IMPORTANT TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL LESSONS THAT CAN BE INTEGRATED INTO DISASTER RISK REDUCTION. POLICY
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2005: A RECORD HURRICANE SEASON
• Twenty-eight named storms occurred during the 2005 season.
• Over $100 billion in losses.
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LESSONS LEARNED FROM ALL SEVERE WINDSTORMS
• RECOVERY TAKES LONGER AND COSTS MORE THAN EXPECTED.
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LESSONS LEARNED FROM ALL SEVERE WINDSTORMS
• EVACUATION IS A COMPLEX ENDEAVOR THAT IS NOT ONLY COSTLY, BUT REQUIRES SUPERIOR PRIOR PLANNING.
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LESSONS LEARNED FROM ALL SEERE WINDSTORMS
• TIMELY COMMUNICATION OF CRITICAL INFORMATION IMPROVES:
• MASS EVACUATIONS AND COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS
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LESSONS LEARNED FROM ALL SEVERE WINDSTORMS
• STORM SURGE IS THE PRIMARY “KILLER “ IN HURRICANES, TYPHOONS, AND CYCLONES.
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LESSONS LEARNED FROM ALL SEVERE WINDSTORMS
• HIGH VELOCITY WIND LIFTS THE ROOFS OFF OF BUILDINGS AND IS A KILLER IN TORNADOES AS WELL AS IN HURRICANES AND TYPHOONS.
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LESSONS LEARNED FROM ALL SEVERE WINDSTORMS
• HIGH VELOCITY WIND AND PRESSURE CHANGES CAUSE BUILDINGS WITH INADEQUATE ENGINEERING DESIGN TO COLLAPSE.
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LESSONS LEARNED FROM ALL SEVERE WINDSTORMS
• HEAVY PRECIPITATION, A TYPICAL OCCURRENCE, WILL FLOOD LOW-LYING AREAS ALONG THE PATH OF THE STORM..
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RISK ASSESSMENT INTEGRATES RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE GAINED FROM
“DISASTER LABORATORIES,” WITH EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
INTO POLICY USING THE COMMUNITY’S POLITICAL
PROCESS.
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PUBLIC POLICIES INTEGRATE TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL
SOLUTIONS FOR THE LONG-TERM BENEFIT AND HEALTH-CARE NEEDS OF PEOPLE, AND PROTECTION OF PROPERTY, INFRASTRUCTURE,
GOVERNMENT, AND ENTERPRISE IN THE COMMUNITY
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COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
DATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION
•SEVERE WINDSTORMS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION
RISK ASSESSMENTRISK ASSESSMENT
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
SEVERE WINDSTORM SEVERE WINDSTORM RISK REDUCTIONRISK REDUCTION
•PREVENTION/MITIGATION•PREPAREDNESS•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION• EDUCATIONAL SURGES
POLICY OPTIONSPOLICY OPTIONS
Wind profileWind profile
Storm Hazards:Storm Hazards:-Wind pressure-Surge-Rain-Flood-Waves-Salt water-Missiles-Tornadoes
OceanOcean
Gradient WindGradient Wind