how to architect microgrids for the industrial internet of things
TRANSCRIPT
How to Architect Microgrids for the Industrial Internet of Things
Brett Burger, National InstrumentsBrett Murphy, RTI
Outline
•The Smart Grid and Microgrids•Architecture Considerations for a Microgrid•The Industrial Internet Consortium Microgrid
Testbed•Communication and Control Framework for
Microgrids• DDS• CompactRIO and LabVIEW
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The Smart Grid
• The underlying infrastructure of a smart grid is a network of interconnected, intelligent nodes that will enable:
• Local control of grid components• More efficient infrastructure utilization• Increased penetration of new generation and storage
technologies• “Big data” mining for better information• Future grid changes and innovations
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The Grid is Changing
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What is a Microgrid?
• A microgrid is a localized grouping of electricity generation, energy storage, and loads that normally operates connected to a traditional centralized grid (macrogrid). This single point of common coupling with the macrogrid can be disconnected. The microgrid can then function autonomously.
• - Wikipedia
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Architecture Considerations for a Microgrid
Where to look for these?
The Industrial Internet of Things
Security
Interoperability
Scalability
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What is the Internet of Things?
Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)Consumer Internet of Things (CIoT)
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS)
80% of
hype 80% of
value
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The Industrial Internet Consortium
• Ground Zero for the IIoT: 180+ members• Goal: build and prove a common
architecture that spans sensor to cloud, interoperates between vendors, and works across industries
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Three Primary Areas of Activity
•Create a market
Develop an IIoT-wide architecture
Prove it & fund it
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Communication and Control Testbed for Microgrid Applications
Collaborators • Leads: RTI, NI, Cisco• External: CPS Energy (San Antonio), Southern
California Edison, Duke Energy / SGIP
Market Segment• Smart grid, especially integrating solar, wind,
storage, and EVs
Goal• Prove the viability of a real-time, secure
databus and distributed control architecture in a real-world power system
Features & Commercial Benefits• Enable efficient integration of solar, wind, &
EVs into the grid• Create a dynamic, open marketplace for
smart grid vendors• Break the standards blockage holding back
the industry
Neighborhood Microgrid
Solar
Field Network
Wind
Local load
control
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Key Challenges
• Security - Cybersecurity is a founding architectural principle
• Interoperability - Data interoperability for a vibrant competitive market
• Scalability – Scale from peer-to-peer communication and control at the edge to cloud / data center analytics
• Practicality- Incrementally buildable, upgradable, expandable, compatible with legacy installations and protocols
• Distributed Edge Intelligence – Intelligent system control at the edge, driving automation and rapid response
The Smart Communication and Control Architecture will address:
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Phased Approach for Proving Viability
• Phase 1 – Proof of Concept at National Instruments Lab
• Phase 2 – Simulated Microgrid at Southern Cal Edison
• Phase 3 – Real-World Microgrid at CPS Energy
Incrementally develop.Test and refine.
Deploy in real-world.
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Application Use Cases
Grid Optimization
• Reduce control requirement from operators
• Increase asset utilization
Island
• Function as independent grid
Storm Resiliency
• Maximize storage• Limit non-critical loads• Auto-island with outage
Re-Sync to Grid
• Transition from independent grid to component of main grid
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Microgrid of “Things”
THING
THING
THING
THINGTHING
Connectivity
Processing Capability
Input / Output
THING
Network of interconnected, intelligent nodes.
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Connectivity
Component Purpose
Reliable Messaging
Standard, interoperable messaging protocol using TCP or UDP
QoS Quality of service: Data delivery, Timeliness, Fault tolerance, etc
Security Authorization, authentication, encryption, non-repudiation, …
Data Management
Local cache of current state of communicated data, local and remote
Discovery Discovery of and connection to remote data readers and writers
Connectivity
Processing Capability
Input / Output
THING
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Blueprint for the Industrial Internet
The Industrial Internet Reference Architecture (IIRA) published June 17, 2015
Endpoints
Other ConnectivityTechnologies
Connectivity Standard
Gateway
Other Endpoints
ExternalConnectivity
Gateway
IIRA Data Connectivity Architecture ModelCentral Databus & Gateways
•Organize hierarchy• Integrate disparate
connectivity technologies•Pick the most
suitable open standard now•Pivot to the most
suitable standard in the future
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DDS: The Connectivity Foundation for IIoTData-Centric Messaging Bus
• Data Distribution Service (DDS) is an open industry standard for data-centric connectivity
• From OMG, the world’s largest systems software standards organization
• UML, DDS• Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC)
• DDS is Open & Multi-Vendor• Open Standard & Open Source• 12 implementations
DDS-RTPS Protocol
Real-Time Publish-Subscribe
Distribution Fabric
DDS API
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It’s All About the Data
Data centricity enables interoperation, scale, integration
Unstructured files Database
Data Centricity
Data at Rest
Messaging middleware
DataBus
Data Centricity
Data in Motion
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Connectivity: DDS
Component Purpose
Reliable Messaging
DDS-RTPS real-time publish-subscribe protocol
QoS 21 QoS governing data flow connections
Security DDS Secure specification allows security per data topic
Data Management
System data state is maintained by DDS middleware
Discovery Automatic discovery of and connection to remote data readers and writers
Connectivity
Processing Capability
Input / Output
THING
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Processing Capability
Component Purpose
CPU Core application controller
FPGA Co-processing, timing and synchronization, high-speed protection/control
GPU Co-processing, specialty processing
DSP Co/Signal processing, timing
ASIC Optimize for cost
Connectivity
Processing Capability
Input / Output
THING
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Sensing and Control Signals
Component Purpose
Analog Input Analog sensor input (PT, CT)
Digital Input Relay status communication, digital sensor input
Digital Output
Control signals
Connectivity
Processing Capability
Input / Output
THING
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Programmable Sensor and Protocol Gateway
FPGA(with DSP slices)
Dual Core ARM
Input for Voltage Sensors
Input for Current Sensors
Input for Digital Status
2x Ethernet Port
2x RS232
RS 485
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Machine to Machine Communication
Logic A
THING THING
Measure X
THING
Control
THING
Measure Y
THING
Logic B
Databus
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Machine to Machine Communication
Logic A
THING THING
Measure X
THING
Control
THING
Measure Y
THING
Logic B
Databus
Output Signal
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Machine to Machine Communication
Logic A
THING THING
Measure X
THING
Control
THING
Measure Y
THING
Logic B
Databus
Output SignalFrom Logic A
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Machine to Machine Communication
Logic A
THING THING
Measure X
THING
Control
THING
Measure Y
THING
Logic B
Databus
Based on Measurements X&Y
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Phase 1 – Data View
Databus
DNP3
DDSDDS DDS
Power QualityMeasurements
Power QualityMeasurements
Logic Control
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Phase 1 – Grid View
The Microgrid
Grid Tie
Solar & Storage
Loads
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Upcoming Demos of the IIC Microgrid Testbed
• NIWeek (August 3rd-6th , Austin, TX)• Expo floor demo – Free admission to expo floor
• IoT Solutions World Congress – Barcelona, Spain
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Thank You
Brett Burger
National Instruments
Brett Murphy
RTI